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  • 2020-2024  (2,084)
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
  • St. Louis, Mo.
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  • 1
    Map
    Map
    Tactical pilotage chart 1:500.000 (1970-)
    St. Louis, Mo.
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    Language: English
    Pages: Mehrfarb.
    RVK:
    RB 10777
    Keywords: Atlas ; Karte ; Luftfahrt ; Luftverkehr
    Note: Die Blatteinteilung basiert auf der ONC
    URL: http://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/tpc/
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  • 2
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    Transitioning to Gender Equality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038978664 , 9783038978671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Feminism & feminist theory
    Abstract: Gender Equality, the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 5), aims for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and girls. It thereby addresses all forms of violence, unpaid and unacknowledged care and domestic work, as well as the need for equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life. Thus, the areas in which changes with regard to gender equality on a global scale are needed are very broad. In this volume, we focus on three main areas of inquiry, ‘Sexuality’, ‘Politics of Difference’ and ‘Care, Work and Family’, and raise the following transversal questions: How can gender be addressed in an intersectional perspective, linking gender to further categories of difference, which are involved in discrimination? In which ways are binary notions of gender taking part in inequality regimes and by which means can these binaries be questioned? How can we measure, control and portray progress with regard to gender equality and how do we, in doing so, define gender? Which multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary perspectives are needed for understanding the diversity of gender, in order to support a transition to 'gender equality'? Transitioning to Gender Equality is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries. MDPI supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. For use of the SDG logos and design, please see the according Guidelines for the use of the SDG logo, color wheel, and 17 icons
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  • 3
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    Transitioning to Clean Water and Sanitation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977742 , 9783038977759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Transitioning is a key co ...
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  • 4
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    Enhancement of Industrial Energy Efficiency and Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500386 , 9783036500393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability
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  • 5
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    Higher Education and Innovation : Design of an Innovative Teaching Module for an Intensive Programme on Aeolian Architecture (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039437122 , 9783039437115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education
    Abstract: This book highlights the design of an educational module for an innovative intensive program. The theme is very relevant in the contemporary approach to teaching activities. In fact, thanks to the didactic design, it is possible to obtain a strong relationship between teachers and learners, as required by the Bologna Process. It also allows a stronger definition of learning outcomes. After a general excursus on the subject, the manuscript refers to a recent experience carried out in the Aeolian Island for the Erasmus + Programme, called VVITA. In it, an international group of students and teachers spent a period in the Aeolian Islands, to focus on the features of local vernacular architecture. The attention has been addressed to the Aeolian House, which is a wonderful example of ante litteram sustainable architecture. On the island of Filicudi, one of the most beautiful of the archipelago, it has preserved its characteristics intact. The book is completed by teachers’ lectures and students’ final reports
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  • 6
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    Stress and Health : Understanding the Effects and Examining Interventions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507804 , 9783036507811
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Acute stressful experiences or high levels of chronic stress are risk factors for mental and physical disorders. Insights into the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder and other stress-related disorders experienced by war veterans, refugees, and immigrants are presented. This volume also presents examinations of the pathological effects of stress that may disrupt the normal relationships between individuals and their families. The health of individuals and their children may be enhanced by interventions to help them manage the effects of stressful life experiences and environments. Innovative and effective interventions are examined and their applications are recommended
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  • 7
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    Managing Water Resources in Large River Basins (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504667 , 9783036504674
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Management of water resources in large rivers basins typically differs in important ways from management in smaller basins. While in smaller basins the focus of water resources management may be on project implementation, irrigation and drainage management, water use efficiency and flood operations; in larger basins, because of the greater complexity and competing interests, there is often a greater need for long-term strategic river basin planning across sectors and jurisdictions, and considering social, environmental, and economic outcomes. This puts a focus on sustainable development, including consumptive water use and non-consumptive water uses, such as inland navigation and hydropower. It also requires the consideration of hard or technical issues—data, modeling, infrastructure—as well as soft issues of governance, including legal frameworks, policies, institutions, and political economy. Rapidly evolving technologies could play a significant role in managing large basins. This Special Issue of Water traverses these hard and soft aspects of managing water resources in large river basins through a series of diverse case studies from across the globe that demonstrate recent advances in both technical and governance innovations in river basin management
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  • 8
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    Legumes as Food Ingredient : Characterization, Processing, and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036506142 , 9783036506159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Legume crops provide a significant sources of plant-based proteins for humans. Grain legumes present outstanding nutritional and nutraceutical properties as sources of bioactive components with benefits in human health, while they are affordable food that contributes to achieving future food and feed security. Furthermore, they are major ingredients in the Mediterranean diet, playing a vital role in developing countries. Global food security requires a major re-focusing of plant sciences, crop improvement and production agronomy towards grain legumes (pulse crops) over coming decades, with intensive research to identify cultivars with improved grain characteristics, helping to develop novel legume-derived products (foods) adapted to today consumer preference. In this context, studies dealing with legume processing impact such as soaking, boiling, microwave cooking, germination, and fermentation among others, in their nutritional and anti-nutritional (i.e., food allergy) properties are of great interest in these future food developments. This Research Topic aims to bring together a collection of studies for a better understanding of current research in legume seed compounds functional properties to provide an updated and global vision of the importance of legumes in human health
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  • 9
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    Innovative Materials for Construction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501666 , 9783036501673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Most of the typical materials employed in today’s constructions present limitations, especially concerning their durability, in either common or severe environmental conditions, and their impact on the environment. In response to these issues, academic and industrial efforts around the world have been devoted to developing new smart materials that can provide efficient alternatives, improve the energy efficiency of buildings, or can upgrade, repair, or protect existing infrastructures. Different and wide technological innovations are, therefore, quickly fostering advancements in the field of construction materials. A new generation of materials (bricks, cement, coatings, concrete, FRP, glass, masonry, mortars, nano-materials, PCM, polymers, steel, wood, etc.) is gaining a prominent position in modern building technology, since they can overcome various limits and flaws of conventional materials employed in constructions, without neglecting the smart applications of pioneering materials in ancient constructions and historic buildings. Even though the adoption of innovative materials in the construction field has been a successful route in achieving enhanced performance, or even new and unexpected characteristics, some issues have not been completely solved. On top of them, the cost/performance ratio of novel solutions, since their introduction must be convenient, without compromising quality. Other concerns are related to their sustainability, with eco-friendly options, possibly exploiting recycled materials or by-products from other productions, being the most desirable solution. Finally, the use of materials or systems that are unconventional in this field raises the need to update or develop new specifications and standards. This special issue aims at providing a platform for discussing open issues, challenges, and achievements related to innovative materials proposed for the construction industry
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  • 10
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    Droplet Microfluidics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501840 , 9783036501857
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Droplet microfluidics has dramatically developed in the past decade and has been established as a microfluidic technology that can translate into commercial products. Its rapid development and adoption have relied not only on an efficient stabilizing system (oil and surfactant), but also on a library of modules that can manipulate droplets at a high-throughput. Droplet microfluidics is a vibrant field that keeps evolving, with advances that span technology development and applications. Recent examples include innovative methods to generate droplets, to perform single-cell encapsulation, magnetic extraction, or sorting at an even higher throughput. The trend consists of improving parameters such as robustness, throughput, or ease of use. These developments rely on a firm understanding of the physics and chemistry involved in hydrodynamic flow at a small scale. Finally, droplet microfluidics has played a pivotal role in biological applications, such as single-cell genomics or high-throughput microbial screening, and chemical applications. This Special Issue will showcase all aspects of the exciting field of droplet microfluidics, including, but not limited to, technology development, applications, and open-source systems
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  • 11
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    Natural Polymers and Biopolymers II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504049 , 9783036504056
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: BioPolymers could be either natural polymers – polymer naturally occurring in Nature, such as cellulose or starch…, or biobased polymers that are artificially synthesized from natural resources. Since the late 1990s, the polymer industry has faced two serious problems: global warming and anticipation of limitation to the access to fossil resources. One solution consists in the use of sustainable resources instead of fossil-based resources. Hence, biomass feedstocks are a promising resource and biopolymers are one of the most dynamic polymer area. Additionally, biodegradability is a special functionality conferred to a material, bio-based or not. Very recently, facing the awareness of the volumes of plastic wastes, biodegradable polymers are gaining increasing attention from the market and industrial community. This special issue of Molecules deals with the current scientific and industrial challenges of Natural and Biobased Polymers, through the access of new biobased monomers, improved thermo-mechanical properties, and by substitution of harmful substances. This themed issue can be considered as collection of highlights within the field of Natural Polymers and Biobased Polymers which clearly demonstrate the increased interest in this field. We hope that this will inspire researchers to further develop this area and thus contribute to futures more sustainable society.”
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  • 12
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    Fungal Infections Complicating COVID-19 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505541 , 9783036505558
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread globally to pandemic proportions. Although the majority of cases have asymptomatic or mild infections, a significant proportion of cases progress to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring critical care. Opportunistic infections following severe respiratory viral infections have been recognized since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Among critically ill patients with COVID-19, secondary fungal infections caused by Aspergillus and Candida spp. are increasingly described, affecting up to 30% of COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care treatment. This collection of manuscripts focuses on fungal infections complicating COVID-19, including immunological mechanisms and pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
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  • 13
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    Recent Advances in Motion Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504384 , 9783036504391
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The advances in the technology and methodology for human movement capture and analysis over the last decade have been remarkable. Besides acknowledged approaches for kinematic, dynamic, and electromyographic (EMG) analysis carried out in the laboratory, more recently developed devices, such as wearables, inertial measurement units, ambient sensors, and cameras or depth sensors, have been adopted on a wide scale. Furthermore, computational intelligence (CI) methods, such as artificial neural networks, have recently emerged as promising tools for the development and application of intelligent systems in motion analysis. Thus, the synergy of classic instrumentation and novel smart devices and techniques has created unique capabilities in the continuous monitoring of motor behaviors in different fields, such as clinics, sports, and ergonomics. However, real-time sensing, signal processing, human activity recognition, and characterization and interpretation of motion metrics and behaviors from sensor data still representing a challenging problem not only in laboratories but also at home and in the community. This book addresses open research issues related to the improvement of classic approaches and the development of novel technologies and techniques in the domain of motion analysis in all the various fields of application
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  • 14
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    Environmental and Energy Efficiency Evaluation Based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505725 , 9783036505732
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Efficiency and productivity assessment are essential to ensure the long-term financial sustainability of countries, services and processes. In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the environmental effects of economic activities, and the need to assess the environmental and energy efficiency has been internationally recognized. Energy and environmental efficiency assessments of decision-making units (DMUs), such as countries, utilities, processes and services are relevant and have strong implications for companies, regulators, stakeholders, policy makers, and customers. To improve both the decision-making process and the management of DMUs, fundamental and practical knowledge about energy and environmental efficiency and productivity is essential
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  • 15
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    Biometric Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511283 , 9783036511290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study
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  • 16
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    Historical and Current Diversity Patterns of Mediterranean Marine Species (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512051 , 9783036512044
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin which experienced different natural and anthropogenic phenomena causes of community or intra-species changes over time. The Mediterranean Sea went through dramatic changes in its biota through the last 6 million years and more quickly in the recent century. All the events left a footprint on the gene pool of marine species, on their morpho-anatomical features, and on the loss or expansion of the geographical range extent. Nowadays the Mediterranean basin is changing its physical and ecological characteristics. The changes in its environmental conditions are followed by changes in its species composition and have been recorded in historical museum collections. In this book, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea is described at a synchronic or diachronic level, highlighting the past two centuries for which museum collections can provide overlooked information
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  • 17
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    Monitoring and Assessment of Environmental Quality in Coastal Ecosystems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036522357 , 9783036522364
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: Coastal ecosystems are dynamic, complex, and often fragile transition environments between land and oceans. They are exclusive habitats for a broad range of living organisms, functioning as havens for biodiversity and providing several important ecological services that link terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Humans living in coastal zones have been strongly dependent on these ecosystems as a source of food, physical protection against storms and advancing sea, and a range of human activities that generate economic income. Notwithstanding, the intensification of human activities in coastal areas of the recent decades, as well as the global climatic changes and coastal erosion processes of the present, have had detrimental impacts on these environments. Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of these environments and recovering an ecological balance or mitigating disturbances in systems under the influence of such stressors are complex tasks, only possible through the implementation of monitoring programs and by assessing their environmental quality. In this book, distinct approaches to environmental quality monitoring and assessment of coastal environments are presented, focused on abiotic and biotic compartments, and using tools that range from ecological levels of organization to the sub-organismal and the ecosystem levels
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  • 18
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    UAVs for Vegetation Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036521923 , 9783036521916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book compiles a set of original and innovative papers included in the Special Issue on UAVs for vegetation monitoring, which proves the wide scope of UAVs in very diverse vegetation applications, both in agricultural and forestry scenarios, ranging from the characterization of relevant vegetation features to the detection of plant or crop stressors. New methods and techniques are developed and applied to diverse vegetation scenarios to meet the main challenge of sustainability
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  • 19
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    Coastal Deposits: Environmental Implications, Mathematical Modeling and Technological Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511443 , 9783036511450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue on "Coastal Deposits: Environmental Implications, Mathematical Modeling, and Technological Development" includes seven high-quality, innovative research papers dealing with many scientific aspects regarding the coast, through mathematical modelling and innovative techniques in the study and preservation of the coastline from erosion, such as coastal watch camera installations, remote sensing, the use of biocementation, or analytical techniques, to assess incompatibilities in the sustainable use of the coast, including worrying issues as pollution of the marine environment and ecosystem deterioration
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  • 20
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    Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036518046 , 9783036518039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The enhancement of life and the performance of metal engineering components is mainly determined by surface characteristics. The latter has a pivotal role in enhancing the life of products since they control the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the surface and near-surface properties are crucial in failure mechanisms since the loss of performance and failures mostly begin from the surface. Research advances in the designing, processing, and characterizing of textured surfaces broadly support innovative industrial applications and products.The performance improvement in engineering components during operation is a challenging issue and surface engineering methods have been attracting considerable interest in both research and industrial fields. Even though many attempts have been made to face the wear of metals by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces, several important aspects need to be still deepened.The present book collects original research papers and a review that covers the latest development in methods for enhancing the life and functionality of engineering components by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces. Attention is focused on processing and characterizing methods capable of supporting industrial applications and products to both tackle surface degradation and improve the performance and reliability of components
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  • 21
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    The Physical Properties of the Groups of Galaxies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517735 , 9783036517742
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Galaxy groups consist of a few tens of galaxies bound in a common gravitational potential and contain a significant fraction of the overall universal baryon budget. Therefore, they are key to our understanding of how the bulk of matter in the Universe accretes and forms hierarchical structures and how different sources of feedback affect their gravitational collapse. However, despite their crucial role in cosmic structure formation and evolution, galaxy groups have received less attention compared to massive clusters. This is perhaps in part due to their rarity in being observed and properly characterized. With the advent of eROSITA, many thousands of galaxy groups will be detected by X-ray, complementing optical and SZ coverage. In this Special Issue we collected and organized the latest developments in our understanding of these systems and present future prospects from both observational and theoretical points of view
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  • 22
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    Extension of Healthy Life Span of Dialysis Patients in the Era of a 100-Year Life (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036523460 , 9783036523453
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Malnutrition is becoming a more prominent health problem, with an increasing number of elderly CKD patients being put on dialysis. In addition, the presence of inflammation, sarcopenia/frailty, diabetes, and CVD is a definite and independent risk factor associated with higher mortality in this population. Although the restriction of protein intake has been recommended to protect eGFR decline, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia in CKD patients, it might accelerate the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose mass, leading to a poor prognosis. Therefore, flexible responses are considered regarding whether protein restriction should be continued or loosened in pre-dialysis CKD patients. In undernourished elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis, sufficient calorie/protein intake is necessary to counteract the development of sarcopenia/frailty. It is expected that the application of new drugs including phosphate binders and potassium chelators may achieve both a high enough intake and balanced levels of phosphate and potassium. Furthermore, the improvement of deficient micronutrients and poor appetite is also necessary. Comprehensive care is essential for the wellbeing of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. The topicof this Special Issue is “Extension of Healthy Life Span of Dialysis Patients in the Era of a 100-Year Life”
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  • 23
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    Smart Cities and Positive Energy Districts: Urban Perspectives in 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511887 , 9783036511894
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Since their creation eight years ago, the EERA Joint Programmes and their participating institutions have accumulated important knowledge on specific topics of the programmes they carried out. This includes Smart Cities and Positive Energy Districts, which are not only crucial topics tackled by EERA Joint Programme in the Smart Cities Workplan, but also in H2020 as well as Horizon Europe or national calls, focusing on innovative solutions based on interdisciplinary approaches, which are needed to face the highly complex challenges in coming years, from sustainable urban development to emergencies in cities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The foreword of EERA JP in SC Special Issue 1|2018 highlighted the aim of the Special Issues series, which was, and still is, to support the growth of research networks in the EC framework. According to this, our ambition is to publish the most promising research and innovation projects which EERA JPonSC partners, and others, set up in the framework of H2020 Programme, to drive the attention to the fact that EERA JP on SC is one of the strong voices in research in Europe, capable of highlighting and integrating different solutions and points of view
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  • 24
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    Leaching Kinetics of Valuable Metals (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505480 , 9783036505497
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Leaching is a primary extractive operation in hydrometallurgical processing, by which a metal of interest is transferred from naturally occurring minerals into an aqueous solution. In essence, it involves the selective dissolution of valuable minerals, where the ore, concentrate, or matte is brought into contact with an active chemical solution known as a leach solution. Currently, the hydrometallurgical processes have a great number of applications, not only in the mining sector—in particular, for the recovery of precious metals—but also in the environmental sector, for the recovery of toxic metals from wastes of various types, and their reuse as valuable metals, after purification. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop novel solutions, to implement environmentally sustainable practices in the recovery of these valuable and precious metals, with particular reference to critical metals; those included in materials that are indispensable to modern life and for which an exponential increase in consumption is already a reality, or will be in a short-term perspective. For publication in this Special Issue, consideration has been given to articles that contribute to the optimization of the kinetic conditions of innovative hydrometallurgical processes—economic and of low environmental impact—applied to the recovery of valuable and critical metals
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    Pesticide Applications in Agricultural Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513034 , 9783036513041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The effective and efficient application of PPP in agriculture is a very complex task, involving a lot of aspects ranging from active substance properties to climatic conditions, from target structure to equipment features, from operator awareness to the reference legislative framework. Some of these aspects have been treated in the six papers collected in this Special Issue on “Pesticide Applications in Agricultural Systems”
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    Qualitative and Nutritional Improvement of Cereal-Based Foods and Beverages (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507064 , 9783036507071
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Increased consumer awareness of the effects of food in preventing nutrient-related diseases and maintaining physical and mental well-being has made nutritional improvement an important goal for the food and beverage industry, including the cereal sector. The Book “Qualitative and Nutritional Improvement of Cereal-Based Foods and Beverages” collects research articles aimed at exploring innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages; an old—if not ancient—group of products which are still on our table every day. The main directions of research aimed at nutritional improvement have to face either excess or deficiency in the diet. To this end, different strategies may be adopted, such as the reformulation of products, the introduction of functional ingredients, and the application of biotechnologies to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. These interventions, however, can alter the physico-chemical and sensory properties of final products, making it necessary to achieve a balance between nutritional and quality modification. This book offers readers information on innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages, useful for researchers and for industry operators
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    Sustainable Industrial Engineering along Product-Service Life Cycle/Supply Chain (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514871 , 9783036514888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (474 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Sustainable industrial engineering addresses the sustainability issue from economic, environmental, and social points of view. Its application fields are the whole value chain and lifecycle of products/services, from the development to the end-of-life stages. This book aims to address many of the challenges faced by industrial organizations and supply chains to become more sustainable through reinventing their processes and practices, by continuously incorporating sustainability guidelines and practices in their decisions, such as circular economy, collaboration with suppliers and customers, using information technologies and systems, tracking their products’ life-cycle, using optimization methods to reduce resource use, and to apply new management paradigms to help mitigate many of the wastes that exist across organizations and supply chains. This book will be of interest to the fast-growing body of academics studying and researching sustainability, as well as to industry managers involved in sustainability management
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    3Ts in Gastrointestinal Microbiome Era: Technology, Translational Research and Transplant (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527963 , 9783036527970
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine
    Abstract: We have entered a new era where some concepts of the complex community of microorganisms (microbiota comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, bacteriophages and helminths) are being re-discovered and re-visited. Microbiota and human interaction is not new; they have shared a long history of co-existence. Nevertheless, the opportunities to understand the role of these microorganisms in human diseases and to design a potential treatment were limited. At present, thanks to development of innovative and cutting-edge molecular biological and microbiological technologies as well as clinical informatics and bioinformatics skills, microbiome application is moving into clinics. Approaches to therapy based on prebiotics, probiotics and lately on fecal microbiota transplantation has revolutionized medicine. Microbiota outnumbers our genes and is now regarded as another organ of the body. The gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota display a well-documented symbiotic relationship. Disruption of intestinal microbiota homeostasis—called dysbiosis—has been associated with several diseases. Whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of disease initiation and progression still needs to be investigated in more depth. The aim of this book is to highlight recent advances in the field of microbiome research, which are now shaping medicine, and current approaches to microbiome-oriented therapy for gastrointestinal diseases. Dr. Rinaldo Pellicano Dr. Sharmila Fagoonee Guest Editors
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    Artificial Neural Networks in Agriculture (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515809 , 9783036515793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (283 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Modern agriculture needs to have high production efficiency combined with a high quality of obtained products. This applies to both crop and livestock production. To meet these requirements, advanced methods of data analysis are more and more frequently used, including those derived from artificial intelligence methods. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the most popular tools of this kind. They are widely used in solving various classification and prediction tasks, for some time also in the broadly defined field of agriculture. They can form part of precision farming and decision support systems. Artificial neural networks can replace the classical methods of modelling many issues, and are one of the main alternatives to classical mathematical models. The spectrum of applications of artificial neural networks is very wide. For a long time now, researchers from all over the world have been using these tools to support agricultural production, making it more efficient and providing the highest-quality products possible
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    Sustainable Business Models in Tourism (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508887 , 9783036508894
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: We invite you to read the Special Issue on business models in tourism, in the context of considering the principles of sustainable development. It is a collection of 14 articles published in a Special Issue of Sustainability MDPI in 2019–2021. The dynamic changes taking place in the world economy, social life, and the natural environment force entrepreneurs to change their business models. This also happens in the tourism business. The SARS-COV2 virus pandemic has increased the need for change. It is necessary to offer managers modern management tools that cover the broadest possible scope of integration of the elements of the conducted business activities, at the same time adjusted to the specificity of the market and needs of the natural environment in which the enterprises managed by them operate. This book, formulated in the light of the presented needs, aims to use the concept of business models and sustainability business models in the context of a tourism enterprise adapted to the existing conditions of tourist and spa activities
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    Machine Learning in Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517148 , 9783036517131
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: This book is to chart the progress in applying machine learning, including deep learning, to a broad range of image analysis and pattern recognition problems and applications. In this book, we have assembled original research articles making unique contributions to the theory, methodology and applications of machine learning in image analysis and pattern recognition
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    Data Science: Measuring Uncertainties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507927 , 9783036507934
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: With the increase in data processing and storage capacity, a large amount of data is available. Data without analysis does not have much value. Thus, the demand for data analysis is increasing daily, and the consequence is the appearance of a large number of jobs and published articles. Data science has emerged as a multidisciplinary field to support data-driven activities, integrating and developing ideas, methods, and processes to extract information from data. This includes methods built from different knowledge areas: Statistics, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, Information Science, and Engineering. This mixture of areas has given rise to what we call Data Science. New solutions to the new problems are reproducing rapidly to generate large volumes of data. Current and future challenges require greater care in creating new solutions that satisfy the rationality for each type of problem. Labels such as Big Data, Data Science, Machine Learning, Statistical Learning, and Artificial Intelligence are demanding more sophistication in the foundations and how they are being applied. This point highlights the importance of building the foundations of Data Science. This book is dedicated to solutions and discussions of measuring uncertainties in data analysis problems
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    Interdisciplinary Medicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523293 , 9783036523309
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Dear Colleagues, The rapidly changing field of medicine and healthcare is increasingly adopting scientific and technological innovations, making interdisciplinary collaborations especially important. In this context, medical disciplines are becoming increasingly interlinked with other specialities and fields. A more interdisciplinary approach to the patient is needed, especially for complex patients with numerous comorbidities, most of whom are usually elderly and fragile. The greatest challenges to human health lie at the intersection of different medical fields. An interdisciplinary medical team is increasingly necessary with the rapid expansion of medical knowledge. Given the importance of interdisciplinarity in the field of medicine and research, the international journal Medicina-Lithuania has launched this Special Issue. The Special Issue has attracted the interest of different groups of researchers, and very interesting articles from different countries. Reviews or original articles dealing with interdisciplinary medical problems, as well as articles providing an up-to-date overview of the diagnostic protocols and treatments for patients with multiple comorbidities have been published. I thank all the authors for sharing their research and wish all readers a fruitful and stimulating read! Assoc. Prof. Dr. Camelia DIACONU Guest Editor
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    Advances in Surface Modification and Treatment of Wood (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509020 , 9783036509037
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biopolymers including natural (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, gums, natural rubbers, bacterial polymers), synthetic (e.g., aliphatic polyesters and polyphosphoester), and biocomposites are of paramount interest in regenerative medicine, due to their availability, processability, and low toxicity. Moreover, the structuration of biopolymer-based materials at the nano- and microscale along with their chemical properties are crucial in the engineering of advanced carriers for drug products. Finally, combination products including or based on biopolymers for controlled drug release offer a powerful solution to improve the tissue integration and biological response of these materials. Understanding the drug delivery mechanisms, efficiency, and toxicity of such systems may be useful for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical technology. The main aim of the Special Issue on “Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine” is to gather recent findings and current advances on biopolymer research for biomedical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine, wound healing, and drug delivery. Contributions to this issue can be as original research or review articles and may cover all aspects of biopolymer research, ranging from the chemical synthesis and characterization of modified biopolymers, their processing in different morphologies and hierarchical structures, as well as their assessment for biomedical uses
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    Environmental Hydraulics Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508085 , 9783036508092
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book aims to provide research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems. It is comprised of scientific papers in all topics of hydraulics, in particular, on sustainable water management, environmental hydraulics, ecohydraulics, water–energy nexus, and systems protection and efficiency. Safety and innovation issues, interdisciplinary problems, and linkage of theory to experimental and field applications can also be found within. Solutions of water problems in the form of prediction models, flow simulations, engineering systems, monitoring, management strategies covering scientific investigations and/or experimental or field studies of flow behaviour, hydrodynamics, and climate changes effects and adaptation, new design solutions, innovative approaches in the field of environment, hydraulics, techniques, methods, and analyses to address the new challenges in environmental hydraulics are alo presented and explored. This topic is studied both from a technical and environmental point of view, with the objective of protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment. In a cross-disciplinary field of study, this book comprises open channel/river flows and pressurised systems, combining, among others, new technological, social, and environmental hydraulic challenges, working in water-related fields with available information, new concepts and tools, new design solutions, eco-friendly technologies, and the advanced materials necessary to address the increasing challenges of ensuring a sustainable water environment by promoting the adaptation, flexibility, integration, and sustainability of recognised environmental solutions
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    Fiber Bragg Grating Based Sensors and Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512860 , 9783036519067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers that originated as a Special Issue, focused on some recent advances related to fiber Bragg grating-based sensors and systems. Conventionally, this book can be divided into three parts: intelligent systems, new types of sensors, and original interrogators. The intelligent systems presented include evaluation of strain transition properties between cast-in FBGs and cast aluminum during uniaxial straining, multi-point strain measurements on a containment vessel, damage detection methods based on long-gauge FBG for highway bridges, evaluation of a coupled sequential approach for rotorcraft landing simulation, wearable hand modules and real-time tracking algorithms for measuring finger joint angles of different hand sizes, and glaze icing detection of 110 kV composite insulators. New types of sensors are reflected in multi-addressed fiber Bragg structures for microwave–photonic sensor systems, its applications in load-sensing wheel hub bearings, and more complex influence in problems of generation of vortex optical beams based on chiral fiber-optic periodic structures. Original interrogators include research in optical designs with curved detectors for FBG interrogation monitors; demonstration of a filterless, multi-point, and temperature-independent FBG dynamical demodulator using pulse-width modulation; and dual wavelength differential detection of FBG sensors with a pulsed DFB laser
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    Bioactive Natural Products from the Red Sea (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515885 , 9783036515878
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book describes the recent advances in natural product chemistry and biodiversity in the Red Sea. All previous marine natural products isolated from different Red Sea organisms and microbes were collected in a comprehensive review. Additionally, newly discovered marine natural products and their biological activities are described
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    Plant-Soil Interactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504063 , 9783036504070
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Plant–soil interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. This book presents recent research advances on the effects of soil factors on plant communities and the role of ecological complementarity and species diversity in soil properties and ecosystem services. It addresses cultivated, degraded and natural soils, in fields as well as in greenhouse experiments, at different latitudes. It may be found useful by researchers, students and practitioners
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    Theme Issue Honoring Professor Robert Verpoorte’s 75th Birthday: Past, Current and Future of Natural Products Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527420 , 9783036527437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (328 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This theme issue is to celebrate Professor Robert Verpoorte’s 75th birthday. Prof. Verpoorte has been working in Leiden University over 40 years. There is no need to dwell upon the contributions of Dr. Verpoorte to plant-derived natural products research during his whole life. Dr. Verpoorte was a highly productive scientist throughout his academic career, with over 800 scientific publications in the form of research papers, books, and book chapters. His research interests are very diverse, cover- ing numerous topics related to plant-based natural products such as plant cell biotech- nology, biosynthesis, metabolomics, genetic engineering, and green technology, as well as the isolation of new biologically active compounds. He has left indelible footprints in all these fields, and he is widely recognised as a pioneer in the work of the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids, NMR-based metabolomics, and green technology in natural products production. As close friends and colleagues who have been in nearly daily contact with him over the last 20 years viewing all of these remarkable scientific contributions, we felt compelled to recognize this by the publication of a Special Issue of this journal dedicated to him.Thus, this Special Issue has now finally been released with the help of many of his colleagues and former students as a token of our gratitude to his impressive work.The Special Issue covers five main natural products topics: (1) chemical profiling and metabolomics, (2) separation/isolation and identification of plant specialized metabolites, (3) pharmacognosy of natural products to identify bioactive molecules from natural prod- ucts, (4) novel formulation of natural products, and (5) overview of natural products as a source of bioactive molecules
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    Sphingolipids : From Pathology to Therapeutic Perspectives - A Themed Honorary Issue to Prof. Lina Obeid (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439577 , 9783039439584
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Although sphingolipids are ubiquitous components of cellular membranes, their abundance in cells is generally lower than glycerolipids or cholesterol, representing less than 20% of total lipid mass. Following their discovery in the brain—which contains the largest amounts of sphingolipids in the body—and first description in 1884 by J.L.W. Thudichum, sphingolipids have been overlooked for almost a century, perhaps due to their complexity and enigmatic nature. When sphingolipidoses were discovered, a series of inherited diseases caused by enzyme mutations involved in sphingolipid degradation returned to the limelight. The essential breakthrough came decades later, in the 1990s, with the discovery that sphingolipids were not just structural elements of cellular membranes but intra- and extracellular signaling molecules. It turned out that their lipid backbones, including ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, had selective physiological functions. Thus, sphingolipids emerged as essential players in several pathologies including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases. The present volume reflects upon the unexpectedly eclectic functions of sphingolipids in health, disease, and therapy. This fascinating lipid class will continue to be the subject of up-and-coming future discoveries, especially with regard to new therapeutic strategies
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    Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508221 , 9783036508238
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering
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    Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Water Quality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515489 , 9783036515472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Abstract: Different types of pressures, such as nutrients, micropollutants, microbes, nanoparticles, microplastics, or antibiotic-resistant genes, endanger the quality of water bodies. Evidence-based pollution control needs to be built on the three basic elements of water governance: Monitoring, modeling, and management. Monitoring sets the empirical basis by providing space- and time-dependent information on substance concentrations and loads, as well as driving boundary conditions for assessing water quality trends, water quality statuses, and providing necessary information for the calibration and validation of models. Modeling needs proper system understanding and helps to derive information for times and locations where no monitoring is done or possible. Possible applications are risk assessments for exceedance of quality standards, assessment of regionalized relevance of sources and pathways of pollution, effectiveness of measures, bundles of measures or policies, and assessment of future developments as scenarios or forecasts. Management relies on this information and translates it in a socioeconomic context into specific plans for implementation. Evaluation of success of management plans again includes well-defined monitoring strategies. This book provides an important overview in this context
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    Sensor Networks in Structural Health Monitoring: From Theory to Practice (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506326 , 9783036506333
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The intense development of novel data-driven and hybrid methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been demonstrated by field deployments on large-scale systems, including transport, wind energy, and building infrastructure. The actionability of SHM as an essential resource for life-cycle and resilience management is heavily dependent on the advent of low-cost and easily deployable sensors Nonetheless, in optimizing these deployments, a number of open issues remain with respect to the sensing side. These are associated with the type, configuration, and eventual processing of the information acquired from these sensors to deliver continuous behavioral signatures of the monitored structures. This book discusses the latest advances in the field of sensor networks for SHM. The focus lies both in active research on the theoretical foundations of optimally deploying and operating sensor networks and in those technological developments that might designate the next generation of sensing solutions targeted for SHM. The included contributions span the complete SHM information chain, from sensor design to configuration, data interpretation, and triggering of reactive action. The featured papers published in this Special Issue offer an overview of the state of the art and further proceed to introduce novel methods and tools. Particular attention is given to the treatment of uncertainty, which inherently describes the sensed information and the behavior of monitored systems
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    Sensors for Vital Signs Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517667 , 9783036517650
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: Sensor technology for monitoring vital signs is an important topic for various service applications, such as entertainment and personalization platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as well as traditional medical purposes, such as disease indication judgments and predictions. Vital signs for monitoring include respiration and heart rates, body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram, blood glucose concentration, brain waves, etc. Gait and walking length can also be regarded as vital signs because they can indirectly indicate human activity and status. Sensing technologies include contact sensors such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), non-contact sensors such as ballistocardiography (BCG), and invasive/non-invasive sensors for diagnoses of variations in blood characteristics or body fluids. Radar, vision, and infrared sensors can also be useful technologies for detecting vital signs from the movement of humans or organs. Signal processing, extraction, and analysis techniques are important in industrial applications along with hardware implementation techniques. Battery management and wireless power transmission technologies, the design and optimization of low-power circuits, and systems for continuous monitoring and data collection/transmission should also be considered with sensor technologies. In addition, machine-learning-based diagnostic technology can be used for extracting meaningful information from continuous monitoring data
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    Extracellular Vesicles: Biology and Potentials in Cancer Therapeutics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522173 , 9783036522180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (394 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications
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    Computational Approaches: Drug Discovery and Design in Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527796 , 9783036527789
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (387 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: This book is a collection of original research articles in the field of computer-aided drug design. It reports the use of current and validated computational approaches applied to drug discovery as well as the development of new computational tools to identify new and more potent drugs
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    Remote Sensing Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature (LST) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514284 , 9783036514277
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (337 p.)
    Keywords: Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book is a collection of recent developments, methodologies, calibration and validation techniques, and applications of thermal remote sensing data and derived products from UAV-based, aerial, and satellite remote sensing. A set of 15 papers written by a total of 70 authors was selected for this book. The published papers cover a wide range of topics, which can be classified in five groups: algorithms, calibration and validation techniques, improvements in long-term consistency in satellite LST, downscaling of LST, and LST applications and land surface emissivity research
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  • 48
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    Models of Delay Differential Equations (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509327 , 9783036509334
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This book gathers a number of selected contributions aimed at providing a balanced picture of the main research lines in the realm of delay differential equations and their applications to mathematical modelling. The contributions have been carefully selected so that they cover interesting theoretical and practical analysis performed in the deterministic and the stochastic settings. The reader will find a complete overview of recent advances in ordinary and partial delay differential equations with applications in other multidisciplinary areas such as Finance, Epidemiology or Engineering
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    Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging and Sensing Using Affordable Resources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511993 , 9783036511986
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The overarching goal of this book is to provide a current picture of the latest developments in the capabilities of biomedical photoacoustic imaging and sensing in an affordable setting, such as advances in the technology involving light sources, and delivery, acoustic detection, and image reconstruction and processing algorithms. This book includes 14 chapters from globally prominent researchers , covering a comprehensive spectrum of photoacoustic imaging topics from technology developments and novel imaging methods to preclinical and clinical studies, predominantly in a cost-effective setting. Affordability is undoubtedly an important factor to be considered in the following years to help translate photoacoustic imaging to clinics around the globe. This first-ever book focused on biomedical photoacoustic imaging and sensing using affordable resources is thus timely, especially considering the fact that this technique is facing an exciting transition from benchtop to bedside. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists and engineers in academia and industry, as well as medical experts interested in the clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging
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  • 50
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    Modularity and Twinning in Mineral Crystal Structures (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519173 , 9783036519166
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Abstract: The articles published in this Special Issue reprint offer a sound update of research fields where the concepts of modular crystallography are important and provide unique keys to understand and to solve problems of structural crystallography. Polytypism, polysomatism, and twinning are fertile fields of research, and their basic principles—often coupled with the OD (order-disorder) theory—are powerful tools to solve and classify related crystal structures. Research on twinning and its consequences on structure and properties of crystalline materials is cutting-edge, e.g., dealing with relations between twin walls and piezoelectricity
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    CiiEM 2021 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522371 , 9783036522388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book brings together works submitted to the 5th International Congress of CiiEM, which were selected for publication, in areas as diverse as Microbiology, Public Health, Forensic Sciences, Psychology, Dentistry, Sociology, Biomaterials, Biology, Nursing, Nutrition Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiotherapy, Psychology, Social Sciences and Medicine. The congress was focused on Reducing Inequalities in Health and Society, and the works gathered here reflect the diversity and interdisciplinarity that characterized this scientific meeting
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    Assessment of Environmental Radioactivity and Radiation for Human Health Risk (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512259 , 9783036512242
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Biography & True Stories
    Abstract: Ten years have passed since the nuclear accident occurred in Fukushima, Japan, following the Great East Japan earthquake. Thereafter, many people around the world have been concerned about the risks posed by radiation. They still believe that even a small amount of radiation exposure will affect human health. In reality, however, there are many natural radionuclides in the environment, which emit a variety of types of radiation. Although it is well known that there is a positively linear relationship between acute radiation exposure and cancer risk in atomic bomb survivors, the risk of chronic radiation exposure due to natural radionuclides cannot be well explained to people who have lived in high-background radiation areas for many generations. Therefore, more studies in this research field are required to obtain new scientific findings. In order to promote further scientific activities, it will be the best for us to understand the current status of this field by summarizing what we have apprehended so far. This Special Issue will highlight measurement data, methodologies, radiation biology, and risk assessment related to radiation
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    Coumarin and Its Derivatives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527758 , 9783036527741
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (406 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules. The unique and versatile oxygen-containing heterocyclic structure makes them a privileged scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Many coumarin derivatives have been extracted from natural sources, designed, synthetized, and evaluated on different pharmacological targets. In addition, coumarin-based ion receptors, fluorescent probes, and biological stains are growing quickly and have extensive applications to monitor timely enzyme activity, complex biological events, as well as accurate pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in living cells. The extraction, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarins have become extremely attractive and rapidly developing topics. A large number of research and review papers have compiled information on this important family of compounds in 2020. Research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers focused on the multidisciplinary profile of coumarins, highlighting natural sources, most recent synthetic pathways, along with the main biological applications and theoretical studies, were the main focus of this book. The huge and growing range of applications of coumarins described in this book is a demonstration of the potential of this family of compounds in Organic Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and different sciences related to the study of natural products. This book includes 23 articles: 17 original papers and six review papers
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    Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia : Recent Advances and Future Challenges (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505909 , 9783036505916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited disease that affects the blood vessels, and is characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins with no intervening capillaries. These abnormal vessels may appear in the skin as tiny red dilated blood vessels in the mouth, lips, fingers and toes. The presence of these vascular lesions in the mucosa can lead to spontaneous and recurrent nose bleeding, typically beginning in mid-childhood, and this is the most common clinical manifestation of HHT, occurring in over 90% of patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding, derived from mucocutaneous vascular lesions, affects approximately 25% of patients, almost always presenting after the age of 50. Chronic nasal and gastrointestinal bleeding can cause iron-deficiency anemia, and current therapeutic strategies are trying to minimize iron and blood transfusions. HHT patients also present large vascular lesions, known as arteriovenous malformations, that occur in internal organs like lungs, liver, and brain, and may result in life-threatening complications often related to the shunting of blood. This book not only highlights the current knowledge regarding diagnosis and treatment of HHT, but also the newest insights in the molecular basis of HHT, the understanding of which is essential for the development of new medicines or therapeutic strategies
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    Atmospheric Heavy Metal and Nitrogen Deposition Using Mosses as Biomonitors (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515724 , 9783036515717
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Atmospheric Heavy Metal and Nitrogen Deposition Using Mosses as Biomonitors” includes a collection of papers related on aspects of passive moss biomonitoring of air quality in various regions of the world regarding the pollution sources of potentially toxic elements, heavy metal air pollution in the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, trends in element atmospheric deposition, and relevance for ecological integrity and human health. Most of the studies were carried out in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
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    The Science and Technology of 3D Printing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525853 , 9783036525846
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is an emerging manufacturing process. Research and development are being performed worldwide to provide a better understanding of the science and technology of 3D printing to make high-quality parts in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. This book includes contemporary, unique, and impactful research on 3D printing from leading organizations worldwide
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    Battery Management Systems of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510606 , 9783036510613
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The topics of interest in this book include significant challenges in the BMS design of EV/HEV. The equivalent models developed for several types of integrated Li-ion batteries consider the environmental temperature and ageing effects. Different current profiles for testing the robustness of the Kalman filter type estimators of the battery state of charge are used in this book. Additionally, the BMS can integrate a real-time model-based sensor Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) scheme for a Li-ion cell undergoing degradation, which uses the recursive least squares (RLS) method to estimate the equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters. This book will fully meet the demands of a large community of readers and specialists working in the field due to its attractiveness and scientific content with a great openness to the side of practical applicability. This covers various interesting aspects, especially related to the characterization of commercial batteries, diagnosis and optimization of their performance, experimental testing and statistical analysis, thermal modelling, and implementation of the most suitable Kalman filter type estimators of high accuracy to estimate the state of charge
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    Integrated Water Resources Research : Advancements in Understanding to Improve Future Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502281 , 9783036502298
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources
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    Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration- Providing Secure Land Rights at Scale. Volume 2: Country Implementation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520858 , 9783036520865
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process
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    Advances in the Biology of Phototrophic Bacteria (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522692 , 9783036522708
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The application of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses brings new dimensions to our understanding of the biology of phototrophic bacteria. Comparing gene sequences of photosynthetic reaction center proteins and a key enzyme of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis from more than 150 genomes demonstrates the ancient roots of phototrophic bacteria. The presence and phylogeny of biosynthetic pathways of the compatible solutes ectoine and glycine betaine define groups of marine and halophilic phototrophic bacteria. The wide range of ecological niches conquered during evolution is demonstrated by the adaptation of cyanobacterial genera Scytonema, Tolypothrix, and Nostoc to different temperature ranges and the adaptation of Heliorestis species to alkaline habitats. Differences between phototrophic purple bacteria from marine and freshwater habitats are reflected in the preference for sulfidic and non-sulfidic niches. Also, a high proportion of siderophore producers was found among isolates from freshwater sources opposed to those from salty habitats . The primary colonization of carbonate rocks by a group of novel endolithic cyanobacteria and the following successions were studied over 9 months. The genomic characterization of the aerobic Dinoroseobacter strain AAP5, the strictly anaerobic and syntrophic Prosthecochloris ethylica, and the strictly anaerobic Heliorestis convoluta is reported. Significant differences in relation to oxygen are reflected in oxygen production by some species, oxygen tolerance over a wide range of concentrations, and the use of oxygen for energy generation or a strictly anaerobic lifestyle. Relations to oxygen are highlighted in papers on photooxidative stress, regulation of iron–sulfur cluster formation, and interactions of redox regulators. In situ metatranscriptomic and proteomic studies demonstrate the high metabolic flexibility of Chloroflexus aggregans in a hot spring microbial mat and show its adaptation to the changing conditions over day and night periods by a well-coordinated regulation of key metabolic processes for both phototrophic and chemotrophic growth
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    Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515120 , 9783036515113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Satisfying consumer needs through the production of healthy and nutritious agricultural products is a substantial challenge facing modern agriculture. However, agricultural production should be carried out with care for plant health, biological safety of products, and environmental safety while minimizing the risks to human health. Therefore, the implementation of agricultural practices while respecting these principles is very important for improving the quantity and quality of crops. Additionally, ecosystems have been altered as a result of human activities and climate change, resulting in the reduction of biodiversity and creation of new niches where pests can thrive. This is of particular importance in 2020, as the United Nations General Assembly declared this year as the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH), with “protecting plants, protecting life” as a leading subject.This Special Issue promotes the subject of plant health and emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of pests, including weeds, which cause substantial economic losses. Research articles cover topics related to the biology and harmfulness of weeds, particularly in connection with crop health, segetal weed communities and their biodiversity, and integrated methods of weed control. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research, opinions, and reviews
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    Electric Systems for Transportation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504889 , 9783036504896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (690 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability
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    Sustainable Construction Engineering and Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526287 , 9783036526294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue which covers sustainability as an emerging requirement in the fields of construction management, project management and engineering. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research articles that address the challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction in all its facets, including technical topics and specific operational or procedural solutions, as well as strategic approaches aimed at the project, company or industry level. Central to developments are smart technologies and sophisticated decision-making mechanisms that augment sustainable outcomes. The Special Issue was received with great interest by the research community and attracted a high number of submissions. The selection process sought to balance the inclusion of a broad representative spread of topics against research quality, with editors and reviewers settling on thirty-three articles for publication. The Editors invite all participating researchers and those interested in sustainable construction engineering and management to read the summary of the Special Issue and of course to access the full-text articles provided in the Book for deeper analyses
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    Processing and Characterization of Magnesium-Based Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511023 , 9783036511030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
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    New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514482 , 9783036514475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue on "New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines" contains nine papers on new developments on Internal Combustion (IC) engines aiming to enhance their efficiency, leading to the reduction of fossil CO2 and other gaseous pollutants. It is divided into two parts. In the initial part, the focus in on fuels, with four papers discussing the use of biofuels and other alternative fuels that can be used in different types of IC Engines. Additionally, conventional fuels are tested in order to evaluate their optimal use in new downsizing high-boost engines. A revision paper on alternative fuels is also included. The second part involves the study and improvement of engine combustion diagnostics as well as the presentation of an alternative type of propulsion system
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    Advanced Modeling and Research in Hybrid Microgrid Control and Optimization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518862 , 9783036518855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: This book presents the latest solutions in fuel cell (FC) and renewable energy implementation in mobile and stationary applications. The implementation of advanced energy management and optimization strategies are detailed for fuel cell and renewable microgrids, and for the multi-FC stack architecture of FC/electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of these systems and to reduce the costs related to energy production and maintenance. Cyber-security methods based on blockchain technology to increase the resilience of FC renewable hybrid microgrids are also presented. Therefore, this book is for all readers interested in these challenging directions of research
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    Nondestructive Testing (NDT) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522920 , 9783036522913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The aim of this book is to collect the newest contributions by eminent authors in the field of NDT-SHM, both at the material and structure scale. It therefore provides novel insight at experimental and numerical levels on the application of NDT to a wide variety of materials (concrete, steel, masonry, composites, etc.) in the field of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    Marine Resources Application Potential for Biotechnological Purposes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517360 , 9783036517353
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Blue biotechnology plays a major role in converting marine biomass into societal value, being a key pillar for many marine economy developmental frameworks and sustainability strategies, such as the Blue Growth Strategy, diverse Sea Basin Strategies (e.g., Atlantic Action Plan Priority 1 and 2 and COM (2017) 183), the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Limassol Declaration, or even the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. However, despite the recognized biotechnological potential of marine biomass, the work is dispersed between multiple areas of applied biotechnology, resulting in few concrete examples of product development.This book highlight the vast potential that marine resources hold, from viruses to seaweeds, and a myriad of applications from antimicrobials and cosmetics to feed and food that contributes to a market-driven and industrially orientated research, which will increase the efficiency of the marine biodiscovery pipeline and ultimately deliver realistic and measurable benefits to society, which is paramount for sustained blue growth and a successful market penetration of targeted biomolecules or enriched extracts for new product development, which are cornerstone issues for the present and the future of a marine biobased economy
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    Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526447 , 9783036526454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Optimal performance of the electric machine/drive system is mandatory to improve the energy consumption and reliability. To achieve this goal, mathematical models of the electric machine/drive system are necessary. Hence, this motivated the editors to instigate the Special Issue “Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine”, aiming to collect novel publications that push the state-of-the art towards optimal performance for the electric machine/drive system. Seventeen papers have been published in this Special Issue. The published papers focus on several aspects of the electric machine/drive system with respect to the mathematical modelling. Novel optimization methods, control approaches, and comparative analysis for electric drive system based on various electric machines were discussed in the published papers
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    Machine Learning with Metaheuristic Algorithms for Sustainable Water Resources Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517209 , 9783036517193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The main aim of this book is to present various implementations of ML methods and metaheuristic algorithms to improve modelling and prediction hydrological and water resources phenomena having vital importance in water resource management
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    Advances in Autism Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502021 , 9783036502038
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (434 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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    Worker and Public Health and Safety : Current Views (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500942 , 9783036500959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (602 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This book on "Worker and Public Health and Safety: Current Views" brings together current scholarly work and opinions in the form of original papers and reviews related to this field of study. It provides important and recent scientific reading as well as topical medical and occupational information and research in areas of immediate relevance, such as chronic and occupational diseases, worker safety and performance, job strain, workload, injuries, accident and errors, risks and management, fitness, burnout, psychological and mental disorders including stress, therapy, job satisfaction, musculoskeletal symptoms and pain, socio-economic factors, dust pollution, pesticides, noise, pathogens, and related areas
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    Interaction between Waves and Maritime Structures (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506241 , 9783036506258
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is the result of a stimulating Special Issue of Water, focusing on the “Interaction between waves and Maritime Structures”. This broadly inclusive title allowed the gathering of articles on different topics of engineering concern, making the book appeal to both scientists and practical engineers. Original contributions on evergreen problems, such as wave overtopping at conventional and unconventional coastal structures, wave-induced pressures at vertical walls, hydraulic stability of rubble mound breakwaters and dynamics of crown-walls indeed represent the main core of the book; however, other intriguing research topics are also tackled, including the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for biphase flows, the downscaling of large maritime structures in a physical lab, floating bodies mechanics and the numerical modeling of coastline evolution
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  • 74
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    Structural and Functional Analysis of Extracts in Plants (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518954 , 9783036518947
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (465 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Structural and Functional Analysis of Extracts in Plants collects 1 editorial, 3 reviews, and 26 research articles reporting recent research findings which cover several aspects of plant-derived bioactive compounds, to correlate extraction techniques with the chemical composition of extracts and their bioactivity for identifying molecules that might be used as active substances in a wide variety of areas.This book is a valuable resource for members of the scientific community wishing to further explore plants and the therapeutic applications of their bioactive compounds. It will appeal to scholars, teachers and scientists involved in plant product research, and facilitate the development of innovative new drugs
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    Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505688 , 9783036505695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: This Special Issue (SI), entitled "Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass”, resulted from 13 peer-reviewed papers dedicated to Forestry and Biomass mapping, characterization and accounting. The papers' authors presented improvements in Remote Sensing processing techniques on satellite images, drone-acquired images and LiDAR images, both aerial and terrestrial. Regarding the images’ classification models, all authors presented supervised methods, such as Random Forest, complemented by GIS routines and biophysical variables measured on the field, which were properly georeferenced. The achieved results enable the statement that remote imagery could be successfully used as a data source for regression analysis and formulation and, in this way, used in forestry actions such as canopy structure analysis and mapping, or to estimate biomass. This collection of papers, presented in the form of a book, brings together 13 articles covering various forest issues and issues in forest biomass calculation, constituting an important work manual for those who use mixed GIS and RS techniques
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    Advances in Hydrogen Energy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519357 , 9783036519340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (239 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers
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    Catalytic Conversion of Energy Resources into High Value-Added Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510743 , 9783036510750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come
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    Mobile Diagnosis 2.0 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503806 , 9783036503813
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Mobile sensing and diagnostic capabilities are becoming extremely important for a wide range of emerging applications and fields spanning mobile health, telemedicine, point-of-care diagnostics, global health, field medicine, democratization of sensing and diagnostic tools, environmental monitoring, and citizen science, among many others. The importance of low-cost mobile technologies has been underlined during this current COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for applications such as the detection of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, as well as for prediction and management of different diseases and disorders. This book focuses on some of these application areas and provides a timely summary of cutting-edge results and emerging technologies in these interdisciplinary fields
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    Advanced Process Monitoring for Industry 4.0 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036520735 , 9783036520742
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book reports recent advances on Process Monitoring (PM) to cope with the many challenges raised by the new production systems, sensors and “extreme data” conditions that emerged with Industry 4.0. Concepts such as digital-twins and deep learning are brought to the PM arena, pushing forward the capabilities of existing methodologies to handle more complex scenarios. The evolution of classical paradigms such as Latent Variable modeling, Six Sigma and FMEA are also covered. Applications span a wide range of domains such as microelectronics, semiconductors, chemicals, materials, agriculture, as well as the monitoring of rotating equipment, combustion systems and membrane separation processes
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    Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503141 , 9783036503158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: From small-scale vertical axis wind turbines for urban usage to large-scale horizontal axis wind turbines for offshore wind farms, design, fabrication, and optimization technologies are highly required to manage wind energy effectively. Moreover, some new opportunities, such as in wind farm design, fluid–structure interaction, aero-acoustics, fabrication methods and performance tests by experimental and computational fluid dynamics should be engaged in modern wind turbine communities. The basic objectives of this book include improving the reliability and promoting the high efficiency of wind turbines as well as their dynamic performance, reducing wind turbine-generated noise and improving power generation efficiencies through high-fidelity approaches. Students, scholars, and engineers who manage such a wide range of wind turbine scales and usages, design, fabrication, and performance test protocols for various wind turbines, are highly recommended to read this book
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    Advances in Lipidomics: Biomedicine, Nutrients and Methodology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511863 , 9783036511870
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book contains 12 articles covering biomedicine, nutrition, and the methodology of lipidomics . These works were first published by MDPI in a Special Issue of Metabolites. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glyosylinositolphosphoceramides, cholesteryl esters, acyl-carnitines, and oxylipins are within the lipid classes accounted for studies regarding liver disease, Wilson disease, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, adipogenesis, and the role lipids play in cancer and virus infection. High-throughput lipid extraction and guidelines for lipid annotation are addressed in several papers. This book is expected to provide a comprehensive view of the diverse areas where lipidomics looms largest
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    Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data for Mineral Exploration and Environmental Monitoring of Mined Areas (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512648 , 9783036512655
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (416 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: In recent decades, remote sensing technology has been incorporated in numerous mineral exploration projects in metallogenic provinces around the world. Multispectral and hyperspectral sensors play a significant role in affording unique data for mineral exploration and environmental hazard monitoring. This book covers the advances of remote sensing data processing algorithms in mineral exploration, and the technology can be used in monitoring and decision-making in relation to environmental mining hazard. This book presents state-of-the-art approaches on recent remote sensing and GIS-based mineral prospectivity modeling, offering excellent information to professional earth scientists, researchers, mineral exploration communities and mining companies
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    Ensuring Quality Education and Good Learning Environments for Students (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524443 , 9783036524450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Today, new technologies bring with them an everchanging panorama, forcing us to constantly update our knowledge. For this reason, quality education is necessary in all areas of knowledge and at all educational levels. The quality of our educational systems and the questions raised by reviewing whether our educational institutions offer quality education or not are some of the main reasons why quality education is a topic that, in recent years, has captured the interest of governments, researchers and lecturers, among others. This issue brings together different socioeducational actors with their concerns for and commitments to higher education, in order to achieve the aim of providing people with the competencies necessary to adapt to a changing and competitive world, in which the individual needs to engage in lifelong learning and where education must align with sustainable development goals, such as democracy, justice and equality. All of this provides us with a scenario for reflecting on and researching fundamental questions, such as how to prevent school absenteeism, how to deal with students leaving school early, how to prevent or alleviate the phenomenon of dropping out in higher education, etc. In other words, can we assume that student failure is partly due to the failure of our educational systems? Are we educating self-regulated, critical, learning-motivated and competent students? These and other questions lead us to search for measures with which we can improve the quality of our educational systems by proposing strategies and developing tools to enhance the lecturing–learning processes in our classrooms
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    Novel Research about Biomechanics and Biomaterials Used in Hip, Knee and Related Joints (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512815 , 9783036512808
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Joint replacement is a very successful medical treatment. However, the survivorship of hip, knee, shoulder, and other implants is limited. The degradation of materials and the immune response against degradation products or an altered tissue loading condition as well as infections remain key factors of their failure. Current research in biomechanics and biomaterials is trying to overcome these existing limitations. This includes new implant designs and materials, bearings concepts and tribology, kinematical concepts, surgical techniques, and anti-inflammatory and infection prevention strategies. A careful evaluation of new materials and concepts is required in order to fully assess the strengths and weaknesses and to improve the quality and outcomes of joint replacements. Therefore, extensive research and clinical trials are essential. The main aspects that are addressed in this Special Issue are related to new material, design and manufacturing considerations of implants, implant wear and its potential clinical consequence, implant fixation, infection-related material aspects, and taper-related research topics. This Special Issue gives an overview of the ongoing research in those fields. The contributions were solicited from researchers working in the fields of biomechanics, biomaterials, and bio- and tissue-engineering
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    Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525778 , 9783036525761
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have proved to be powerful tools for carbon–carbon as well as carbon–heteroatom bond formation in the development of synthetic methodologies for applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials. This book, consisting of an editorial, two reviews and two articles, focuses on recent promising research and novel trends in the field of cross-coupling reactions, employing a range of different catalysts. A review by Kostas and Steele provides a survey of the research in the area of cross-coupling catalytic reactions with transition metal complexes based on the thiosemicarbazone unit and a discussion of the prospects for future developments. Another review by Polychronopoulou, Shaya and co-authors describes the progress made over the 21st century concerning the utilization of C(sp3)–organoboranes as partners in metal-catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-couplings, such as B-alkyl Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. The article by Waldvogel, Breinbauer and co-authors demonstrates for the first time the synthetic potential of combining the electro-oxidative dehydrogenative cross coupling of ortho-substituted phenols with Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In the second article, Štĕpnička and co-workers describe the preparation of palladium catalysts deposited over silica gel-bearing composite amide-donor functional moieties on the surface, which were evaluated in the Sonogashira-type cross-coupling of acyl chlorides with terminal alkynes
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    Challenges and New Trends in Power Electronic Devices Reliability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511771 , 9783036511764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: The rapid increase in new power electronic devices and converters for electric transportation and smart grid technologies requires a deepanalysis of their component performances, considering all of the different environmental scenarios, overload conditions, and high stressoperations. Therefore, evaluation of the reliability and availability of these devices becomes fundamental both from technical and economicalpoints of view. The rapid evolution of technologies and the high reliability level offered by these components have shown that estimating reliability through the traditional approaches is difficult, as historical failure data and/or past observed scenarios demonstrate. With the aim topropose new approaches for the evaluation of reliability, in this book, eleven innovative contributions are collected, all focusedon the reliability assessment of power electronic devices and related components
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    Towards a Sustainable Life: Smart and Green Design in Buildings and Community (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506661 , 9783036506678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Keywords: The arts ; Architecture
    Abstract: This Special Issue includes contributions about occupants’ sustainable living in buildings and communities, highlighting issues surrounding the sustainable development of our environments and lives by emphasizing smart and green design perspectives. This Special Issue specifically focuses on research and case studies that develop promising methods for the sustainable development of our environment and identify factors critical to the application of a sustainable paradigm for quality of life from a user-oriented perspective. After a rigorous review of the submissions by experts, fourteen articles concerning sustainable living and development are published in this Special Issue, written by authors sharing their expertise and approaches to the concept and application of sustainability in their fields. The fourteen contributions to this special issue can be categorized into four groups, depending on the issues that they address. All the proposed methods, models, and applications in these studies contribute to the current understanding of the adoption of the sustainability paradigm and are likely to inspire further research addressing the challenges of constructing sustainable buildings and communities resulting in a sustainable life for all of society
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    Digital Workflows and Material Sciences in Dental Medicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525877 , 9783036525860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The trend of digitalization is an omnipresent phenomenon nowadays – in social life and in the dental community. Advancement in digital technology has fostered research into new dental materials for the use of these workflows, particularly in the field of prosthodontics and oral implantology.CAD/CAM-technology has been the game changer for the production of tooth-borne and implant-supported (monolithic) reconstructions: from optical scanning, to on-screen designing, and rapid prototyping using milling or 3D-printing. In this context, the continuous development and speedy progress in digital workflows and dental materials ensure new opportunities in dentistry.The objective of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the current knowledge with state-of-the-art theory and practical information on digital workflows to determine the uptake of technological innovations in dental materials science. In addition, emphasis is placed on identifying future research needs to manage the continuous increase in digitalization in combination with dental materials and to accomplish their clinical translation.This Special Issue welcomes all types of studies and reviews considering the perspectives of the various stakeholders with regard to digital dentistry and dental materials
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    Numerical Simulation in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522111 , 9783036522128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the first contribution ...
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    The Significance of Touch in Psychiatry : Clinical and Neuroscientific Approaches (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503820 , 9783036503837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Touch is one of the fundamental media for interpersonal communication. Over recent decades, scientific efforts have been devoted to establishing the significance of touch, particularly affective touch, in the treatment and prevention of mental disorders and clarifying the underlying mechanisms of touch and massage therapy. This book contributes to this rapidly expanding area of research and gives new insights on recent clinical and experimental findings. A strong plea is made by the editors for well-designed clinical studies which require very special methodologies. A broad spectrum of various touch therapies are already available at present. Modern treatment and prevention of mental disorders should go beyond the pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches and should make use of the beneficial effects of touch therapies with the additional benefit of a very small risk of adverse outcomes
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    Natural Fiber Based Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520025 , 9783036520032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Entitled “Natural Fiber-Based Composites”, this Special Issue has the objective to give an inventory of the latest research in the area of composites reinforced with natural fibers. Fibers of renewable origin have many advantages. They are abundant and cheap, they have a reduced impact on the environment, and they are also independent from fossil resources. Their ability to mechanically reinforce thermoplastic matrices is well known, as their natural heat insulation ability. In the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices. The matrices can themselves be of renewable origin (e.g., proteins, starch, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyamides, etc.), thus contributing to the development of 100% bio-based composites with a controlled end of life. This Special Issue’s objective is to give an inventory of the latest research in this area of composites reinforced with natural fibers, focusing in particular on the preparation and molding processes of such materials (e.g., extrusion, injection-molding, hot pressing, etc.) and their characterization. It contains one review and nineteen research reports authored by researchers from four continents and sixteen countries, namely, Brazil, China, France, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, and Vietnam. It provides an update on current research in the field of natural fiber based composite materials. All these contributions will be a source of inspiration for the development of new composites, especially for producers of natural fibers, polymer matrices of renewable origin and composite materials. Generally speaking, these new materials are environmentally friendly and will undoubtedly find numerous applications in the years to come in many sectors. Dr. Philippe Evon Guest Editor
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    Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518800 , 9783036518794
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Energy storage currently plays an important role in the electricity systems. Innovative energy storage solutions will play an important role in ensuring the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grids in the European Union. Pumped storage hydropower systems are the most mature technology of energy storage and account for over 90% of installed energy storage capacity wordwide. However, PSH technology is constrained by topography and land availability in flat areas. In addition, PSH plants are controversial due to their impacts on landscape, land use and the environment. Conversely, underground energy storage systems may be an interesting alternative to increase the energy storage capacity with low envoronmental impacts.To help address and resolve these types of questions, this book is comprised of eleven chapters that explore new ways of energy stororage reducing the environmental impacts caused by the installation of conventional energy storage systems, as well as to increase the energy storage capacity and promote the use of disused underground space, such as abandoned mines and quiarries.The chapters included in this book cover a wide spectrum of issues related to underground energy storage systems. Advances in underground pumped storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy storage systems are presented. Finally, we would like to thank both the MDPI publishing and editorial staff for their excellent work and support, as well as the authors who collaborated with your interesting research works
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    Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environment Quality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525068 , 9783036525075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue addresses a topic of great relevance. In developed countries, there is a higher prevalence of people choosing to spend time indoors. Data show that the time a person spends at home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping, though this varies depending on the individual. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. Furthermore, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, impacting the health of its inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world: various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency can contribute to healthy architecture; poor application of these parameters can result in conditions that negatively impact health
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    Power Electronics Applications in Renewable Energy Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039287000 , 9783039287017
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters
    Note: English
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  • 95
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    Economics of Education and Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517186 , 9783036517179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (267 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education
    Abstract: This book consists of articles that investigate and discuss the relationship between economics of education and sustainable development; that is, how education economics plays an important role in sustainable development. Economics of education or education economics is the study of economic issues relating to education (such as education policy and finance, human capital production and acquisition, and the returns to human capital); while sustainable development is the study of a system (a human society) operating and growing continuously, which includes environment, economy, industry, business, agriculture, etc. This book particularly focuses on the economy – how an economy continuously and steadily develops and grows
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Food Legumes: Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511481 , 9783036511498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This new MDPI book should be of interest to a wide range of readers. Students of a variety of faculties, employees of the food industry, producers of functional food, farmers, and nutritionists will certainly be interested. The book provides new information on legumes, their nutritional value, the content of biologically active compounds, and changes in the activity of these compounds as a result of the application of various technological processes. The book will not only increase the knowledge of readers but also potentially motivate them to change their diets by including legumes on the menu. According to nutritionists' recommendations, such a change has a positive effect on health
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  • 97
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    Advanced Topics in Systems Safety and Security (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516233 , 9783036516240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents valuable research results in the challenging field of systems (cyber)security. It is a reprint of the Information (MDPI, Basel) - Special Issue (SI) on Advanced Topics in Systems Safety and Security. The competitive review process of MDPI journals guarantees the quality of the presented concepts and results. The SI comprises high-quality papers focused on cutting-edge research topics in cybersecurity of computer networks and industrial control systems. The contributions presented in this book are mainly the extended versions of selected papers presented at the 7th and the 8th editions of the International Workshop on Systems Safety and Security—IWSSS. These two editions took place in Romania in 2019 and respectively in 2020. In addition to the selected papers from IWSSS, the special issue includes other valuable and relevant contributions. The papers included in this reprint discuss various subjects ranging from cyberattack or criminal activities detection, evaluation of the attacker skills, modeling of the cyber-attacks, and mobile application security evaluation. Given this diversity of topics and the scientific level of papers, we consider this book a valuable reference for researchers in the security and safety of systems
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Mechanical Alloying: Processing and Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521176 , 9783036521183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mechanical alloying is a technique of producing alloys and compounds that permits the development of metastable materials (with amorphous or nanocrystalline microstructure) or the fabrication of solid solutions with extended solubility. The elements or compounds to be mixed (usually as powders) are introduced in jars usually under a controlled atmosphere. Regarding the scope of this book, advanced materials have been developed by mechanical alloying: Fe–X–B–Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys, mixtures of the binary Fe–Mn and Fe–Cr alloys with chromium and manganese nitrides, Mn–Al–Co and Mn–Fe alloys, non-equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline Fe–Cr steels, nanaocrystalline Mn–Co–Fe–Ge–Si alloys, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposite, and hydride-forming alloys. Likewise, production conditions and ulterior treatments can provide readers interesting ideas about the procedure to produce alloys with specific microstructure and functional behavior (mechanical, magnetic, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage, magnetocaloric effect, wastewater treatment, and so on). As an example, to obtain the improvement in the functional properties of the alloys and compounds, sometimes controlled annealing is needed (annealing provokes the relaxation of the mechanical-induced strain). Furthermore, the powders can be consolidated (press, spark plasma sintering,and microwave sintering) to obtain bulk materials
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    Health and Wellbeing in an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Context (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039434480 , 9783039434497
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Lifestyle, sport & leisure
    Abstract: The health and wellbeing of people and the planet is currently receiving a much attention, if only because of the ongoing global crisis instigated by COVID-19. The benefits of nature for human wellbeing have been scientifically studied in multiple disciplines for over three decades. Researchers from disciplines such as ecology, sport science, psychology, tourism, medicine, forestry, environmental studies and architecture have found evidence that being in nature, interacting with nature, and feeling connected to nature are important for good health and wellbeing. In particular, physical activity in nature has been linked to wellbeing. This manuscript explores a particular type of physical activity in nature: adventure and outdoor activity. Adventure in nature is important for wellbeing, and carefully designed interventions and programs can have a profound impact. The work in this book suggests that adventure should be considered an important part of the public health offering
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Measurement Technologies for up- and Downstream Bioprocessing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511504 , 9783036511511
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is devoted to new developments in measurement technologies for upstream and downstream bioprocessing. The recent advances in biotechnology and bioprocessing have generated a number of new biological products that require more qualified analytical technologies for diverse process analytical needs. These includes especially fast and sensitive measurement technology that, early in the process train, can inform on critical process parameters related to process economy and product quality and that can facilitate ambitions of designing efficient integrated end-to-end bioprocesses. This book covers these topics as well as analytical monitoring methods based either on real-time or in-line sensor technology, on simple and compact bioanalytical devices, or on the use of advanced data prediction methods
    Note: English
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