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  • 2020-2024  (2,085)
  • 1940-1944
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,085)
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  • 2020-2024  (2,085)
  • 1940-1944
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Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wastewater Based Microbial Biorefinery for Bioenergy Production (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519500 , 9783036519517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: A rapid growth in various industries and domestic activities is resulting in a huge amount of wastewater. Various types of wastewaters, such as textile, municipal, dairy, pharmaceutical, swine, and aquaculture, etc., are produced regularly by respective industries. These wastewaters are rich in nutrient content and promote eutrophication in the ecosystem and pose a threat to flora and fauna. According to an estimate, eutrophication causes losses of almost 2 billion US dollars annually, affecting real estate and fishing activities. Treatment of wastewater is a costly process and recently wastewater treatment with simultaneous energy production has received more attention. Microorganisms can be used to recover nutrients from wastewater and produce bioenergy (biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, methane, etc.). A better understanding of the composition of various types of wastewaters and the development of technologies like anaerobic digestion (AD), microbial fuel cell (MFC), and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can help to make wastewater-based biorefinery a reality. To provide an overall overview to students, teachers, and researchers on wastewater to bioenergy technology ten chapters are included in this book
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Sustainable Building and Indoor Air Quality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511061 , 9783036511078
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue addresses a topic of great contemporary relevance; in developed countries, most of peoples’ time is spent indoors and, depending on each person, the presence in the home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. In addition to this, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, with a detrimental impact on the health of inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world, and various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency, among others, can contribute to healthy architecture, and the conditions that can result from the poor application of these parameters
    Note: English
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  • 3
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    Artificial Intelligence Methods Applied to Urban Remote Sensing and GIS (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516042 , 9783036516035
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Keywords: Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book is based on Special Issue "Artificial Intelligence Methods Applied to Urban Remote Sensing and GIS" from early 2020 to 2021. This book includes seven papers related to the application of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning algorithms using remote sensing and GIS techniques in urban areas
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  • 4
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    Historical and Current Diversity Patterns of Mediterranean Marine Species (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512051 , 9783036512044
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin which experienced different natural and anthropogenic phenomena causes of community or intra-species changes over time. The Mediterranean Sea went through dramatic changes in its biota through the last 6 million years and more quickly in the recent century. All the events left a footprint on the gene pool of marine species, on their morpho-anatomical features, and on the loss or expansion of the geographical range extent. Nowadays the Mediterranean basin is changing its physical and ecological characteristics. The changes in its environmental conditions are followed by changes in its species composition and have been recorded in historical museum collections. In this book, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea is described at a synchronic or diachronic level, highlighting the past two centuries for which museum collections can provide overlooked information
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  • 5
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    UAVs for Vegetation Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521923 , 9783036521916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (452 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book compiles a set of original and innovative papers included in the Special Issue on UAVs for vegetation monitoring, which proves the wide scope of UAVs in very diverse vegetation applications, both in agricultural and forestry scenarios, ranging from the characterization of relevant vegetation features to the detection of plant or crop stressors. New methods and techniques are developed and applied to diverse vegetation scenarios to meet the main challenge of sustainability
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  • 6
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    Focus on Insect Rearing Methodology to Promote Scientific Research and Mass Production (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524924 , 9783036524931
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The ability to produce insects has a broad impact on human lives in a wide array of areas including insect pest and weed management, human and veterinary medicine, insect production for food and nutrient supplements, as well as research and education. Insect rearing began as a simple desire, yet never a simple task, has continued to expand, both in methodology and application. A desire to learn about and understand insects grew into a desire to control and manipulate insects, both to suppress and to preserve. Rearing individual life stages extended to continuous rearing and maintaining evolved into production. Ultimately, this results in insects physically and behaviorally similar to those from nature. New multi-omics technologies (transcriptomics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics, etc.) recently increased knowledge of microbiomes, and the manipulation of nutrigenomic analysis and statistical optimization modeling have enabled advances in insect nutrition. These advances have resulted in a better understanding of the effects of the food stream ingredients and rearing conditions on the insect’s physiological and biochemical functions, in addition to promoting the production of high-quality insects. The production has application in research, insect control, and most recently, specialized food niche. Before one application has been fully realized, a new application has emerged, often supported with the application of new technologies. Given this pattern of advancement followed by benefits, there is every reason to anticipate more to come in the field of insect rearing
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  • 7
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    Remote Sensing of the Oceans : Blue Economy and Marine Pollution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512723 , 9783036512730
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book covers different topics in the framework of remote sensing of the oceans. Latest research advancements and brand-new studies are presented that address the exploitation of remote sensing instruments and simulation tools to improve the understanding of ocean processes and enable cutting-edge applications with the aim of preserving the ocean environment and supporting the blue economy. Hence, this book provides a reference framework for state-of-the-art remote sensing methods that deal with the generation of added-value products and the geophysical information retrieval in related fields, including: Oil spill detection and discrimination; Analysis of tropical cyclones and sea echoes; Shoreline and aquaculture area extraction; Monitoring coastal marine litter and moving vessels; Processing of SAR, HF radar and UAV measurements
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  • 8
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    Synthesis of Marine Natural Products and Molecules Inspired by Marine Substances (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517681 , 9783036517674
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (147 p.)
    Keywords: Language
    Abstract: Marine natural products are characterized by high chemical diversity, biochemical specificity, and other molecular properties that make them favorable as lead structures for drug discovery. In this field, one of the main problems is often the reduced natural availability of isolated substances, which can complicate both the structural characterization and possible future developments. For these reasons, the study of bioactive marine metabolites should rely on the development of chemical synthesis and synthetic strategies aimed at the preparation of pure compounds and analogs both for structural confirmation and/or for the large-scale preparation necessary for future applications. Moreover, natural products can be a crucial starting point for the preparation of molecules structurally inspired by the latter, opening the path to new classes of biologically active compounds with pharmacological potential. This book collects original research articles regarding synthetic strategies for secondary marine metabolites and/or analogs that favor applications of these molecules and/or solve structural challenges common in the field of natural substances
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  • 9
    Online Resource
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    Marine Carbohydrate-Based Compounds with Medicinal Properties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520919 , 9783036520926
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The marine environment is considered one of the most important sources of natural bioactive compounds with extremely rich biodiversity. Marine glycans are remarkable molecules, playing a determinant role in biological processes. Marine сarbohydrate-containing substances have drawn increasing attention in the field of biomedicine for their various biological activities, such as antitumor, antivirus, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and anticoagulant. These compounds obtained from marine sources, such as algae, microbes, and animals, are usually biodegradable and biocompatible, and exhibit biological properties that contribute to the discovery of a wide range of new bioactive substances with special pharmacological properties of interest to medicine. Carbohydrate-based compounds include glycans, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids, and low-molecular and complex glycosides of differential origin. Many of the polysaccharides allow for loading lower drug dosages, which may lead to a drastic reduction of the side effects caused by the drugs. In addition, the structure of polysaccharides can be relatively easily modified in order to synthesize derivatives with desirable characteristics for drug delivery. Complexes on the basis of carbohydrates are often prepared to improve their functional properties. In this Special Issue, we seek to contribute to the discussion of various aspects of marine carbohydrate-containing compounds and provide a unique platform for a new concept for their use in medicine in order to continue to facilitate further research in this area
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  • 10
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    The Future Health Workforce: Integrated Solutions and Models of Care (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514673 , 9783036514680
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This edited collection brings together a diverse set of original research and review articles that contribute towards a unified objective of redesigning the future health workforce. Our fundamental premise is that the future health workforce needs to be more closely aligned to population needs and be able to address emerging challenges of the 21st century. • The collection includes 13 articles (11 original research; 2 review) from nine countries. • Original research articles that contributed to this special issue came from Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. • The collection features a range of health professionals including medical, dental, nursing, allied health, social work, and health management workforce. This unique piece of scholarship adds to ongoing global efforts on health workforce integration, universal health coverage, and creating sustainable and people-centric health systems
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  • 11
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    Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508221 , 9783036508238
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering
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  • 12
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    Biomedical Sensing and Imaging (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524542 , 9783036524559
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book mainly deals with recent advances in biomedical sensing and imaging. More recently, wearable/smart biosensors and devices, which facilitate diagnostics in a non-clinical setting, have become a hot topic. Combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence, they could revolutionize the biomedical diagnostic field. The aim of this book is to provide a research forum in biomedical sensing and imaging and extend the scientific frontier of this very important and significant biomedical endeavor
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  • 13
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    Cultural Landscapes Preservation and Social–Ecological Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525716 , 9783036525709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (273 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: Cultural landscapes are the result of social-ecological processes that have co-evolved throughout history, shaping high-value sustainable systems. The current processes of global change, such as agricultural intensification, rural abandonment, urban sprawl, and socio-economic dynamics, are threatening cultural landscapes worldwide. Whereas this loss is often unstoppable due to rapid and irreversible social-ecological changes, there are also examples where rationale protection measures can preserve cultural landscapes while promoting the sustainability of social-ecological systems. However, not all conservation policy-making processes consider the value of cultural landscapes, which makes their preservation even more difficult. Indeed, conservation policies focused on the wilderness paradigm are often counterproductive to conserving highly valuable cultural landscapes. The chapters in this book cover a wide spectrum of topics related to the preservation and sustainability of cultural landscapes, using different methodological approaches and involving regions from all over the world. This book can be useful for both researchers and professionals interested in using the socio-ecological framework in their scientific and applied work
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  • 14
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    Leaching Kinetics of Valuable Metals (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505480 , 9783036505497
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Leaching is a primary extractive operation in hydrometallurgical processing, by which a metal of interest is transferred from naturally occurring minerals into an aqueous solution. In essence, it involves the selective dissolution of valuable minerals, where the ore, concentrate, or matte is brought into contact with an active chemical solution known as a leach solution. Currently, the hydrometallurgical processes have a great number of applications, not only in the mining sector—in particular, for the recovery of precious metals—but also in the environmental sector, for the recovery of toxic metals from wastes of various types, and their reuse as valuable metals, after purification. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop novel solutions, to implement environmentally sustainable practices in the recovery of these valuable and precious metals, with particular reference to critical metals; those included in materials that are indispensable to modern life and for which an exponential increase in consumption is already a reality, or will be in a short-term perspective. For publication in this Special Issue, consideration has been given to articles that contribute to the optimization of the kinetic conditions of innovative hydrometallurgical processes—economic and of low environmental impact—applied to the recovery of valuable and critical metals
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  • 15
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    Sustainable Combustion Systems and Their Impact (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513966 , 9783036513959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: As the world enters the third decade of the 21st century, a shift in global energy demand and use is anticipated. The transportation industry is one of the largest energy users, with major environmental consequences. Additionally, with the most ambitious electric vehicle predictions, the bulk of cars sold in 2040 will still have internal combustion engines. As a result, we must continue to explore all options for reducing IC engine emissions, as well as pathways to reduce potential vehicle CO2 emissions. Hydrogen, on the other hand, which can be used in both internal combustion engines and fuel cells, is seen as one of the future's most important energy vectors. In terms of production, storage, and application, this technology still faces several challenges. This Special Issue features original research papers, as well as important review articles on current issues relating to laboratory research and in-vehicle test results on different renewable combustion strategies that seek to reduce environmental impact
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  • 16
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    Optical Diagnostics in Human Diseases (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516172 , 9783036516189
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine
    Abstract: Optical technologies provide unique opportunities for the diagnosis of various pathological disorders. The range of biophotonics applications in clinical practice is considerably wide given that the optical properties of biological tissues are subject to significant changes during disease progression. Due to the small size of studied objects (from μm to mm) and despite some minimum restrictions (low-intensity light is used), these technologies have great diagnostic potential both as an additional tool and in cases of separate use, for example, to assess conditions affecting microcirculatory bed and tissue viability. This Special Issue presents topical articles by researchers engaged in the development of new methods and devices for optical non-invasive diagnostics in various fields of medicine. Several studies in this Special Issue demonstrate new information relevant to surgical procedures, especially in oncology and gynecology. Two articles are dedicated to the topical problem of breast cancer early detection, including during surgery. One of the articles is devoted to urology, namely to the problem of chronic or recurrent episodic urethral pain. Several works describe the studies in otolaryngology and dentistry. One of the studies is devoted to diagnosing liver diseases. A number of articles contribute to the studying of the alterations caused by diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The results of all the presented articles reflect novel innovative research and emerging ideas in optical non-invasive diagnostics aimed at their wider translation into clinical practice
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  • 17
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    Advanced Mathematics and Computational Applications in Control Systems Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514529 , 9783036514512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Control system engineering is a multidisciplinary discipline that applies automatic control theory to design systems with desired behaviors in control environments. Automatic control theory has played a vital role in the advancement of engineering and science. It has become an essential and integral part of modern industrial and manufacturing processes. Today, the requirements for control precision have increased, and real systems have become more complex. In control engineering and all other engineering disciplines, the impact of advanced mathematical and computational methods is rapidly increasing. Advanced mathematical methods are needed because real-world control systems need to comply with several conditions related to product quality and safety constraints that have to be taken into account in the problem formulation. Conversely, the increment in mathematical complexity has an impact on the computational aspects related to numerical simulation and practical implementation of the algorithms, where a balance must also be maintained between implementation costs and the performance of the control system. This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting recent advances in developing and applying advanced mathematics and computational applications in control system engineering
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  • 18
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    Fungi and Fungal Metabolites for the Improvement of Human and Animal Nutrition and Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514666 , 9783036514659
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (459 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health
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  • 19
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    Advances in Mineral Processing and Hydrometallurgy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520797 , 9783036520803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (480 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This is a Special Issue of Metals devoted to aspects of Advances in Mineral Processing and Hydrometallurgy. This includes a global call for article submissions that also included Characterization along with Recycling and Waste Minimization. As such, both primary and recycled aspects will be considered. Possible specific topics included Mineralogy, Geometallurgy, Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Comminution, Classification, Physical Separations, Liquid–Solid Separations, Leaching, Solvent Extraction, Ion Exchange, Activated Carbon, Precipitation, Reduction, Process Economics and Process Control. Suggested application areas were in Gold, Silver, PGM’s, Aluminum, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Nickel, and Titanium. Critical Metals articles on topics such as Lithium, Antimony Tellurium, Gallium, Germanium, Cobalt, Graphite, Indium, and Rare Earth were also welcome. As such, this Special Issue of Metals was well supported by diverse submissions and the final publication of high-quality peer-reviewed articles
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  • 20
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    Radiolabeled Compounds for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524276 , 9783036524269
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. In general, radiopharmaceuticals are either salts of radionuclides or radionuclides bound to biologically active molecules, drugs, or cells. Tremendous progress has been made in discovering, developing, and commercializing numerous radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancer. Significant research is ongoing in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to develop more novel radiolabeled compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for unmet needs. This Special Issue aims to focus on all aspects of the design, characterization, evaluation, and development of novel radiolabeled compounds for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the application of new radiochemistry and methodologies for the development of novel radiolabeled compounds. Outstanding contributions presented in this Special Issue will significantly add to the field of radiopharmaceuticals
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  • 21
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    Texture and Colour in Image Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036513782 , 9783036513775
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Research in colour and texture has experienced major changes in the last few years. This book presents some recent advances in the field, specifically in the theory and applications of colour texture analysis. This volume also features benchmarks, comparative evaluations and reviews
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  • 22
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    Cell Signaling in Model Plants (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519548 , 9783036519555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This book provides new and in-depth insights into molecular aspects of plant cell signaling in response to biotic, such as aphid- and grey mold disease-resistance, and abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought stress, and additionally, functional analysis on signaling components involved in flowering, juvenility, GA signaling, and biosynthesis, and miRNA-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, plant acclimation was reported, with emphasis on mechanistic insights into the roles of brassinosteroids, cyclic AMP, and hydrogen sulfide, and the recent advances of transmembrane receptor-like kinases were refined. Clearly, plant cell signaling is an intensive topic and whether it is now or in the future, the emerging technology in functional analysis such as genome editing technologies, high-throughput technologies, integrative multiple-omics as well as bioinformatics can assist researchers to reveal novel aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development, and acclimation to environmental and biotic stresses. The achievement of such research will be useful in improving crop stress tolerances to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability for the food supply of the world
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  • 23
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    Machine Learning in Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517148 , 9783036517131
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: This book is to chart the progress in applying machine learning, including deep learning, to a broad range of image analysis and pattern recognition problems and applications. In this book, we have assembled original research articles making unique contributions to the theory, methodology and applications of machine learning in image analysis and pattern recognition
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  • 24
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    Sustainable Geotechnics—Theory, Practice, and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036514796 , 9783036514802
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Today, modern Geotechnical Engineers, who in the past would have considered the phenomena occurring in the (primarily soil) environment, are faced with developments in environmental sciences that are becoming increasingly more detailed and sophisticated, with the natural phenomena and processes surrounding the civil engineering infrastructure being modeled, designed, monitored, and assessed in a more holistic way. This book brings together the state of the art in geotechnics with a focus on sustainable design, resilience, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geotechnical assets from ground investigations, through foundation and drainage design to soil stabilization and reinforcement. Engineers and scientists working in the fields of green infrastructure, nature-based solutions, sustainable drainage, eco-engineering, hydro-geology, landscape planning, plant science, environmental biology or bio-chemistry, earth sciences, GIS, and remote sensing are represented here by articles that show significant geotechnical components or applications. Case studies showcasing the application of the sustainable development principles (e.g., reuse, recycle, reduce; stakeholder engagement; public health; UN Global Sustainability Goals) in Geotechnics are also included in this book
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    Coastal Geohazard and Offshore Geotechnics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502748 , 9783036502755
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: With rapid developments being made in the exploration of marine resources, coastal geohazard and offshore geotechnics have attracted a great deal of attention from coastal geotechnical engineers, with significant progress being made in recent years. Due to the complicated nature of marine environmnets, there are numerous natural marine geohazard preset throughout the world’s marine areas, e.g., the South China Sea. In addition, damage to offshore infrastructure (e.g., monopiles, bridge piers, etc.) and their supporting installations (pipelines, power transmission cables, etc.) has occurred in the last decades. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and soil behavior of the seabed in marine environments will help engineers in the design and planning processes of coastal geotechnical engineering projects. The purpose of this book is to present the recent advances made in the field of coastal geohazards and offshore geotechnics. The book will provide researchers with information reagrding the recent developments in the field, and possible future developments. The book is composed of eighteen papers, covering three main themes: (1) the mechanisms of fluid–seabed interactions and the instability associated with seabeds when they are under dynamic loading (papers 1–5); (2) evaluation of the stability of marine infrastructure, including pipelines (papers 6–8), piled foundation and bridge piers (papers 9–12), submarine tunnels (paper 13), and other supported foundations (paper 14); and (3) coastal geohazards, including submarine landslides and slope stability (papers 15–16) and other geohazard issues (papers 17–18). The editors hope that this book will functoin as a guide for researchers, scientists, and scholars, as well as practitioners of coastal and offshore engineering
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    Advances in Surface Modification and Treatment of Wood (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509020 , 9783036509037
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biopolymers including natural (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, gums, natural rubbers, bacterial polymers), synthetic (e.g., aliphatic polyesters and polyphosphoester), and biocomposites are of paramount interest in regenerative medicine, due to their availability, processability, and low toxicity. Moreover, the structuration of biopolymer-based materials at the nano- and microscale along with their chemical properties are crucial in the engineering of advanced carriers for drug products. Finally, combination products including or based on biopolymers for controlled drug release offer a powerful solution to improve the tissue integration and biological response of these materials. Understanding the drug delivery mechanisms, efficiency, and toxicity of such systems may be useful for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical technology. The main aim of the Special Issue on “Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine” is to gather recent findings and current advances on biopolymer research for biomedical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine, wound healing, and drug delivery. Contributions to this issue can be as original research or review articles and may cover all aspects of biopolymer research, ranging from the chemical synthesis and characterization of modified biopolymers, their processing in different morphologies and hierarchical structures, as well as their assessment for biomedical uses
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    Advanced Materials, Structures and Processing Technologies Based on Pulsed Laser (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527031 , 9783036527024
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pulsed lasers are lasers with a single laser pulse width of less than 0.25 s, operating only once in every certain time interval. Commonly used pulsed lasers are nanosecond, femtosecond, and picosecond lasers. A pulsed laser produces short pulses with a short interaction time with the material, which can largely avoid impact on the thermal movement of molecules and has a minimal thermal impact on the surrounding materials, thus having significant advantages in precision microfabrication. It is now widely used in flexible electronics, chips, medicine, and other fields, such as photographic resin curing, microwelding, vision correction, heart stent manufacturing, etc. However, as an emerging processing technology, the application prospects of pulsed lasers have yet to be fully expanded, and there is still a need to continuously explore the mechanisms of interaction with materials, to manufacture advanced functional structures, and to develop advanced process technologies
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    10th Anniversary of 〈em〉Applied Sciences〈/em〉-Invited Papers in Chemistry Section (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511146 , 9783036511153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols
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    Biofiltration and Physicochemical Filtration for Water Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036514451 , 9783036514468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biofiltration is a technology of great interest since the costs of installation and, above all, exploitation costs are much lower than those associated with other technologies based on physical–chemical processes. Nowadays, the use of biofiltration is increasing every day. On the other hand, the physicochemical filtration process is a successful technology in numerous applications in the field of water treatment. This issue of the journal is focused on the treatment of different types of effluents through filtration: Drinking water and wastewater. Different technologies are analysed: Filtration through biochar from agricultural by-products; biological active carbon (BAC); electroadsorption using a commercial granular activated carbon as the adsorbent; filtration through sand, anthracite and expanded clay; granular activated carbon (GAC) as part of a tertiary treatment for wastewater reuse
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    Bioactive Natural Products from the Red Sea (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515885 , 9783036515878
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book describes the recent advances in natural product chemistry and biodiversity in the Red Sea. All previous marine natural products isolated from different Red Sea organisms and microbes were collected in a comprehensive review. Additionally, newly discovered marine natural products and their biological activities are described
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    Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Approaches (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036519678 , 9783036519661
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (301 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Lysosomal storage disorders are a heterogenoeus group of rare genetic conditions affecting worldwide population and often exhibiting severe clinical manifestations. During the last two decades, the joined collaboration between scientists and clinicians has allowed to offer valuable therapeutic options to affected patients. Therefore, the tight connection between basic science and clinical medicine represents the gold standard approach to these disorders. In this context, the present book collects a piece of current scientific advances in the knowledge of disease pathogenesis and in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for some of these diseases. Altogether, these articles define and recapitulate which essential steps are required during the clinical management of a rare inherited disorder and describe forthcoming advances and a breakthrough in the field of lysosomal diseases
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    Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Water Quality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036515489 , 9783036515472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Abstract: Different types of pressures, such as nutrients, micropollutants, microbes, nanoparticles, microplastics, or antibiotic-resistant genes, endanger the quality of water bodies. Evidence-based pollution control needs to be built on the three basic elements of water governance: Monitoring, modeling, and management. Monitoring sets the empirical basis by providing space- and time-dependent information on substance concentrations and loads, as well as driving boundary conditions for assessing water quality trends, water quality statuses, and providing necessary information for the calibration and validation of models. Modeling needs proper system understanding and helps to derive information for times and locations where no monitoring is done or possible. Possible applications are risk assessments for exceedance of quality standards, assessment of regionalized relevance of sources and pathways of pollution, effectiveness of measures, bundles of measures or policies, and assessment of future developments as scenarios or forecasts. Management relies on this information and translates it in a socioeconomic context into specific plans for implementation. Evaluation of success of management plans again includes well-defined monitoring strategies. This book provides an important overview in this context
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    Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Urban Cultural Heritage (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036518329 , 9783036518312
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: The arts
    Abstract: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue titled “Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Urban Cultural Heritage” hosted at the Atmosphere journal. This topic has been chosen in light of cities’ ever-growing role and immense potential in the climate adaptation and mitigation discourse and the particular challenges regarding urban heritage making and conservation. It is critical to recognise the complex set of factors governing the physical, social and political future of urban heritage in cityscapes in constant transformation and in an era of planetary urbanisation. The 10 papers (seven research papers, two reviews and one opinion piece) that comprise the issue give a broad cross-section of the issues pertinent to this important topic – accounts on practices and conceptual/methodological improvements in energy retrofit and reuse, risk mapping, urban planning, climate vulnerability assessment, and community engagement by 38 authors from seven countries are used to delineate the implications of current and likely future climates on heritage materials and systems, knowledge and practice gaps, as well as steps that need to be taken to ensure both their safeguarding and their valorisation to achieve climate resiliency
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    Sensors for Vital Signs Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517667 , 9783036517650
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: Sensor technology for monitoring vital signs is an important topic for various service applications, such as entertainment and personalization platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as well as traditional medical purposes, such as disease indication judgments and predictions. Vital signs for monitoring include respiration and heart rates, body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram, blood glucose concentration, brain waves, etc. Gait and walking length can also be regarded as vital signs because they can indirectly indicate human activity and status. Sensing technologies include contact sensors such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), non-contact sensors such as ballistocardiography (BCG), and invasive/non-invasive sensors for diagnoses of variations in blood characteristics or body fluids. Radar, vision, and infrared sensors can also be useful technologies for detecting vital signs from the movement of humans or organs. Signal processing, extraction, and analysis techniques are important in industrial applications along with hardware implementation techniques. Battery management and wireless power transmission technologies, the design and optimization of low-power circuits, and systems for continuous monitoring and data collection/transmission should also be considered with sensor technologies. In addition, machine-learning-based diagnostic technology can be used for extracting meaningful information from continuous monitoring data
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    Extracellular Vesicles: Biology and Potentials in Cancer Therapeutics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522173 , 9783036522180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (394 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications
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    Sports Performance and Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512587 , 9783036512594
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Sports performance is primarily associated with elite sport, however, recreational athletes are increasingly attempting to emulate elite athletes. Performance optimization is distinctly multidisciplinary. Optimized training concepts and the use of state-of-the-art technologies are crucial for improving performance. However, sports performance enhancement is in constant conflict with the protection of athletes’ health. Notwithstanding the known positive effects of physical activity on health, the prevention and management of sports injuries remain major challenges to be addressed. Accordingly, this Special Issue on "Sports Performance and Health" consists of 17 original research papers, one review paper, and one commentary, and covers a wide range of topics related to fatigue, movement asymmetries, optimization of sports performance by training, technique, and/or tactics enhancements, prevention and management of sports injuries, optimization of sports equipment to increase performance and/or decrease the risk of injury, and innovations for sports performance, health, and load monitoring. As this Special Issue offers several new insights and multidisciplinary perspectives on sports performance and health, readers from around the world who work in these areas are expected to benefit from this Special Issue collection
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    New Pathways for Community Energy and Storage (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513867 , 9783036513850
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (311 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Local communities are increasingly taking on active roles and emerging as new actors in energy systems. Community energy and energy storage may enable effective energy system integration and ensure maximum benefits of local generation, leading to more flexible and resilient energy supply systems and playing an important role in achieving renewable energy and climate policy objectives. In this book, we summarize the different topics covered in the international conference on new pathways for community energy and storage in the form of the 14 articles published in this Special Issue on the same topic. It addresses important developments and challenges related to local energy transitions and the role of community energy and energy storage therein
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    Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urbanization Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Developing Countries (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525419 , 9783036525402
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: Over the last two decades, many researchers have focused on developing countries' urbanization patterns and processes. In this context, the scarcity of spatial data has been an obstacle to studying urbanization quantitatively, especially in Asian and African cities. The use of remote sensing data and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques can overcome the above limitations. Data on land use and land cover, land surface temperature, population density, and energy consumption can be extracted based on remote sensing at various spatial and temporal resolutions. GIS techniques can be used to analyze urbanization patterns and predict future patterns. Thus, the link between urbanization and sustainable urban development has increasingly become a principal issue in designing and developing sustainable cities at the local, regional, and global levels. This volume shows the spatiotemporal analysis of urbanization using GIS and remote sensing in developing countries, with a special emphasis on future urban sustainability in Asia and Africa. Capturing the spatial-temporal variation of urbanization patterns will help introduce proper sustainable urban planning in developing countries, especially for Asian and African cities
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    Coumarin and Its Derivatives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527758 , 9783036527741
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (406 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules. The unique and versatile oxygen-containing heterocyclic structure makes them a privileged scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Many coumarin derivatives have been extracted from natural sources, designed, synthetized, and evaluated on different pharmacological targets. In addition, coumarin-based ion receptors, fluorescent probes, and biological stains are growing quickly and have extensive applications to monitor timely enzyme activity, complex biological events, as well as accurate pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties in living cells. The extraction, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarins have become extremely attractive and rapidly developing topics. A large number of research and review papers have compiled information on this important family of compounds in 2020. Research articles, reviews, communications, and concept papers focused on the multidisciplinary profile of coumarins, highlighting natural sources, most recent synthetic pathways, along with the main biological applications and theoretical studies, were the main focus of this book. The huge and growing range of applications of coumarins described in this book is a demonstration of the potential of this family of compounds in Organic Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and different sciences related to the study of natural products. This book includes 23 articles: 17 original papers and six review papers
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    Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521459 , 9783036521466
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Marine fouling affects most man-made surfaces temporarily or permanently immersed in the sea, causing important economic costs. Intense research is aimed at methods for preventing or reducing fouling development. The most widespread solution to inhibit fouling is to make surfaces unsuitable for settlers by coating them with antifouling paints containing toxic compounds. Most such antifouling agents give undesirable effects on nontarget species, including commercially important ones. The search for new nontoxic antifouling technologies has become a necessity, particularly after the ban of organotin compounds such as tributyltin (TBT), once the most widespread and used antifouling agent. Alternative organic and metal-based biocides are now used in antifouling paints, but their possible toxic effects on the aquatic environment are not yet fully understood. A nontoxic alternative for antifouling protection comes from the possibility of adopting natural antifouling compounds that are and may be found in marine sessile invertebrates like sponges, bryozoans, corals, and tunicates and in marine microorganisms. Such metabolites can prevent their producers from being fouled on by other organisms or be responsible for specific metabolic functions that may interfere with biofouling species adhesion. As natural marine compounds, they may inhibit settlement through a nontoxic mechanism without adverse effects to the environment. Such compounds could be developed into active ingredients of new antifouling coatings. So far, a rather limited number of natural products antifoulants (NPAs) has been isolated from marine organisms, but a huge reservoir of compounds with potential antifouling activity is hidden in marine organisms. The Special Issue on Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity aims at the discovery of such compounds their activity, toxicity and potential application in environmentally friendly antifouling coatings
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    Host-Pathogen Interactions: Insects vs Fungi (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510644 , 9783036510651
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Although many insects successfully live in dangerous environments exposed to diverse communities of microbes, they are often exploited and killed by specialist pathogens. In the process of the co-evolution of insects and entomopathogenic microorganisms, they develop various adaptive systems that determine the sustainable existence of dynamic host–parasite interactions at both the organismic and population levels
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    New Trends in Environmental Engineering, Agriculture, Food Production, and Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511245 , 9783036511252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents the latest advances in agriculture, aquaculture, food technology and environmental protection and engineering, discussing, among others, the following issues: new technologies in water, stormwater and wastewater treatment; water saving, lake restoration; new sludge and waste management systems; biodiesel production from animal fat waste; the microbiological quality of compound fish feeds for aquaculture; the role of technological processes to improve food quality and safety; new trends in the analysis of food and food components including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analyses; and functional and structural aspects of bioactivities of food molecules
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    Advances in Molecular Simulation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527109 , 9783036527116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Molecular simulations are commonly used in physics, chemistry, biology, material science, engineering, and even medicine. This book provides a wide range of molecular simulation methods and their applications in various fields. It reflects the power of molecular simulation as an effective research tool. We hope that the presented results can provide an impetus for further fruitful studies
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    Magnesium and Microelements in Older Persons (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514123 , 9783036514116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: In recent years, the interest in magnesium and in microelements in older people has exponentially increased. The deficiency of either magnesium and microelements, in fact, is associated with several negative outcomes in older people. Therefore, in this book, we decided to report the most novel and important research findings regarding these important topics. In particular, authoritative authors in the field of nutritional research in older people reported their experience in magnesium research, including articles on metabolic and cardiovascular aspects of magnesium deficiency. Moreover, we speculated the importance of magnesium in infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In this book, we also report some important findings regarding other microelements, such as iron and sodium or potassium, extremely important in older people
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    Symmetry in Particle Physics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438013 , 9783039438020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Particle physics is a science about the symmetries of our world. The Standard Model is the fundamental theory of microworld. Particle dynamics in the Standard Model obeys strict symmetry laws with explicit experimental consequences. Priority problems of particle physics based on the Standard Model are more accurate theoretical predictions, experimental measurements and data analysis, proof of existence or non-existence of supersymmetry, top quark properties, Higgs boson, exotic quark states, and physics of neutrinos. In this collection of articles, many of these problems are discussed. We recommend this book for students, graduate students, and scientists working in the field of high energy physics
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    Applications of Finite Element Modeling for Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515557 , 9783036515564
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (392 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Modern engineering practice requires advanced numerical modeling because, among other things, it reduces the costs associated with prototyping or predicting the occurrence of potentially dangerous situations during operation in certain defined conditions. Thus far, different methods have been used to implement the real structure into the numerical version. The most popular uses have been variations of the finite element method (FEM). The aim of this Special Issue has been to familiarize the reader with the latest applications of the FEM for the modeling and analysis of diverse mechanical problems. Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the Special Issue
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    Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Applications in Economics and Finance (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526201 , 9783036526218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series. It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of the field of application (economics, finance, marketing, education or other). Applications of higher order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis and the latest advances in applied methodology can all be found in this book
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    Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524627 , 9783036524634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The recent development in wireless networks and devices has led to novel services that will utilize wireless communication on a new level. Much effort and resources have been dedicated to establishing new communication networks that will support machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT). In these systems, various smart and sensory devices are deployed and connected, enabling large amounts of data to be streamed. Smart services represent new trends in mobile services, i.e., a completely new spectrum of context-aware, personalized, and intelligent services and applications. A variety of existing services utilize information about the position of the user or mobile device. The position of mobile devices is often achieved using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chips that are integrated into all modern mobile devices (smartphones). However, GNSS is not always a reliable source of position estimates due to multipath propagation and signal blockage. Moreover, integrating GNSS chips into all devices might have a negative impact on the battery life of future IoT applications. Therefore, alternative solutions to position estimation should be investigated and implemented in IoT applications. This Special Issue, “Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT” aims to report on some of the recent research efforts on this increasingly important topic. The twelve accepted papers in this issue cover various aspects of Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT
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    Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration- Providing Secure Land Rights at Scale. Volume 2: Country Implementation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520858 , 9783036520865
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process
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  • 50
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    Advances in the Biology of Phototrophic Bacteria (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522692 , 9783036522708
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The application of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses brings new dimensions to our understanding of the biology of phototrophic bacteria. Comparing gene sequences of photosynthetic reaction center proteins and a key enzyme of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis from more than 150 genomes demonstrates the ancient roots of phototrophic bacteria. The presence and phylogeny of biosynthetic pathways of the compatible solutes ectoine and glycine betaine define groups of marine and halophilic phototrophic bacteria. The wide range of ecological niches conquered during evolution is demonstrated by the adaptation of cyanobacterial genera Scytonema, Tolypothrix, and Nostoc to different temperature ranges and the adaptation of Heliorestis species to alkaline habitats. Differences between phototrophic purple bacteria from marine and freshwater habitats are reflected in the preference for sulfidic and non-sulfidic niches. Also, a high proportion of siderophore producers was found among isolates from freshwater sources opposed to those from salty habitats . The primary colonization of carbonate rocks by a group of novel endolithic cyanobacteria and the following successions were studied over 9 months. The genomic characterization of the aerobic Dinoroseobacter strain AAP5, the strictly anaerobic and syntrophic Prosthecochloris ethylica, and the strictly anaerobic Heliorestis convoluta is reported. Significant differences in relation to oxygen are reflected in oxygen production by some species, oxygen tolerance over a wide range of concentrations, and the use of oxygen for energy generation or a strictly anaerobic lifestyle. Relations to oxygen are highlighted in papers on photooxidative stress, regulation of iron–sulfur cluster formation, and interactions of redox regulators. In situ metatranscriptomic and proteomic studies demonstrate the high metabolic flexibility of Chloroflexus aggregans in a hot spring microbial mat and show its adaptation to the changing conditions over day and night periods by a well-coordinated regulation of key metabolic processes for both phototrophic and chemotrophic growth
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    Climate Change and Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526669 , 9783036526676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems
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    CFD Simulations of Marine Hydrodynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523354 , 9783036523361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (556 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: CFD is an emerging area and is gaining popularity due to the availability of ever-increasing computational power. If used accurately, CFD methods may overcome the limitations of experimental and other numerical methods, in some respects. This Special Issue focuses on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations of Marine Hydrodynamics with a specific focus on the applications of naval architecture and ocean engineering, and it comprises 24 original articles that advance state-of-the-art CFD applications in marine hydrodynamics and/or review the progress and future directions of research in this field. The published articles cover a wide range of subjects relevant to naval architecture and ocean engineering, including but not limited to; ship resistance and propulsion, seakeeping and maneuverability, hydrodynamics of marine renewable energy devices, validation and verification of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), EFD/CFD combined methods, fouling/coating hydrodynamics
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    Physics of Ionic Conduction in Narrow Biological and Artificial Channels (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516462 , 9783036516455
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book reprints a set of important scientific papers applying physics and mathematics to address the problem of selective ionic conduction in narrow water-filled channels and pores. It is a long-standing problem, and an extremely important one. Life in all its forms depends on ion channels and, furthermore, the technological applications of artificial ion channels are already widespread and growing rapidly. They include desalination, DNA sequencing, energy harvesting, molecular sensors, fuel cells, batteries, personalised medicine, and drug design. Further applications are to be anticipated.The book will be helpful to researchers and technologists already working in the area, or planning to enter it. It gives detailed descriptions of a diversity of modern approaches, and shows how they can be particularly effective and mutually reinforcing when used together. It not only provides a snapshot of current cutting-edge scientific activity in the area, but also offers indications of how the subject is likely to evolve in the future
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    Sustainable Construction Engineering and Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526287 , 9783036526294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue which covers sustainability as an emerging requirement in the fields of construction management, project management and engineering. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research articles that address the challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction in all its facets, including technical topics and specific operational or procedural solutions, as well as strategic approaches aimed at the project, company or industry level. Central to developments are smart technologies and sophisticated decision-making mechanisms that augment sustainable outcomes. The Special Issue was received with great interest by the research community and attracted a high number of submissions. The selection process sought to balance the inclusion of a broad representative spread of topics against research quality, with editors and reviewers settling on thirty-three articles for publication. The Editors invite all participating researchers and those interested in sustainable construction engineering and management to read the summary of the Special Issue and of course to access the full-text articles provided in the Book for deeper analyses
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    Fungal Nanotechnology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517445 , 9783036517438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Fungal Nanotechnologies (FN) 1 and 2 provide updated and comprehensive information that deals with the green and sustainable production of metal- and organic-based nanostructures by various fungal species. Additionally, intracellular and extracellular mechanisms will be investigated, as well as fungal nanotechnology applications in the biomedical, environmental, and agri-food sectors. FN is still in its infant stage; therefore, many studies should be focused on this area. Plants, animal and humans will benefit greatly from this, and efficient and ecologically friendly approaches should be created
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    Remote Sensing of Savannas and Woodlands (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519579 , 9783036519562
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Savannas and woodlands are one of the most challenging targets for remote sensing. This book provides a current snapshot of the geographical focus and application of the latest sensors and sensor combinations in savannas and woodlands. It includes feature articles on terrestrial laser scanning and on the application of remote sensing to characterization of vegetation dynamics in the Mato Grosso, Cerrado and Caatinga of Brazil. It also contains studies focussed on savannas in Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. It should be important reading for environmental practitioners and scientists globally who are concerned with the sustainability of the global savanna and woodland biome
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    Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514697 , 9783036514703
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (458 p.)
    Abstract: The accelerating power of deep learning in diagnosing diseases will empower physicians and speed up decision making in clinical environments. Applications of modern medical instruments and digitalization of medical care have generated enormous amounts of medical images in recent years. In this big data arena, new deep learning methods and computational models for efficient data processing, analysis, and modeling of the generated data are crucially important for clinical applications and understanding the underlying biological process. This book presents and highlights novel algorithms, architectures, techniques, and applications of deep learning for medical image analysis
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    Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516424 , 9783036516417
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (346 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Abstract: In 2020, a Special Issue titled “Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities” was launched, in which 16 papers were published. The aim of this monograph was to study a problem that is occurring on a global scale and, above all, in the most developed countries, which is the population emigration from rural areas to urban areas due to the labour and service opportunities offered by the latter. This is causing a demographic deterioration of rural areas, and those that remain show high rates of ageing, masculinisation, or low demographic growth. In addition, and interrelated with this demographic deterioration, there is economic and environmental degradation. Rural areas are territories with increasingly lower purchasing power, job opportunities, and services for the population, which are classified as “spaces in crisis”. The papers in this Special Issue evidence the many public and private strategies that are being pursued to achieve sustainable rural development in declining areas. The diversity of approaches offer a vision of the practical application and the obstacles or difficulties that many of them are having to achieve their objectives. All of these strategies are intended to achieve economic dynamism that is respectful of the environment and from there to be able to reduce the regressive demographic processes in rural areas. These are different approaches that allow us to contribute, from scientific, holistic, and multidisciplinary knowledge, and they can help decision making in public policy and planning strategies
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    Mechanical Properties and Structural Analysis of Coatings and Engineered Surfaces (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518046 , 9783036518039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The enhancement of life and the performance of metal engineering components is mainly determined by surface characteristics. The latter has a pivotal role in enhancing the life of products since they control the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the surface and near-surface properties are crucial in failure mechanisms since the loss of performance and failures mostly begin from the surface. Research advances in the designing, processing, and characterizing of textured surfaces broadly support innovative industrial applications and products.The performance improvement in engineering components during operation is a challenging issue and surface engineering methods have been attracting considerable interest in both research and industrial fields. Even though many attempts have been made to face the wear of metals by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces, several important aspects need to be still deepened.The present book collects original research papers and a review that covers the latest development in methods for enhancing the life and functionality of engineering components by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces. Attention is focused on processing and characterizing methods capable of supporting industrial applications and products to both tackle surface degradation and improve the performance and reliability of components
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    Engineering Properties of Superconducting Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503721 , 9783036503738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Plastic (and microplastic) pollution has been described as one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time, and a hallmark of the human-driven epoch known as the Anthropocene. It has gained the attention of the general public, governments, and environmental scientists worldwide. To date, the main focus has been on plastics in the marine environment, but interest in the presence and effects of plastics in freshwaters has increased in the recent years. The occurrence of plastics within inland lakes and rivers, as well as their biota, has been demonstrated. Experiments with freshwater organisms have started to explore the direct and indirect effects resulting from plastic exposure. There is a clear need for further research, and a dedicated space for its dissemination. This book is devoted to highlighting current research from around the world on the prevalence, fate, and effects of plastic in freshwater environments
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    Advances in Postharvest Process Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523736 , 9783036523743
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents a range of recent technologies and innovations to help the agricultural and food industry to manage and minimize postharvest losses, enhance reliability and sustainability, and generate high-quality products that are both healthy and appealing to consumers. It focuses on three main topics of food storage and preservation technologies, food processing technologies, and the applications of advanced mathematical modelling and computer simulations. This presentation of the latest research and information is particularly useful for people who are working in or associated with the fields of agriculture, the agri-food chain and technology development and promotion
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    Robust Procedures for Estimating and Testing in the Framework of Divergence Measures (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514604 , 9783036514598
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (333 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The scope of the contributions to this book will be to present new and original research papers based on MPHIE, MHD, and MDPDE, as well as test statistics based on these estimators from a theoretical and applied point of view in different statistical problems with special emphasis on robustness. Manuscripts given solutions to different statistical problems as model selection criteria based on divergence measures or in statistics for high-dimensional data with divergence measures as loss function are considered. Reviews making emphasis in the most recent state-of-the art in relation to the solution of statistical problems base on divergence measures are also presented
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    Behavior of Shelter Animals (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508726 , 9783036508733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Animals & society
    Abstract: This book has resulted from collaborative interactions between academic institutions and animal shelters. It contains a collection of eleven papers (one review and ten research articles) on the behavior of dogs and cats in animal shelters, which can be very challenging environments. The papers focus on stress and behaviors associated with stress; the effectiveness of shelter enrichment programs in reducing stress; the usefulness of shelter behavioral evaluations in predicting behavior and assessing adoptability; and interactions between humans and companion animals. The aim of this book is to provide information that will inform shelter programs and policies, and thereby improve the welfare of shelter animals
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    Mechanisms Driving Karyotype Evolution and Genomic Architecture (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501567 , 9783036501574
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Understanding of the origin of species and their adaptability to new environments is one of the main questions in biology. This is fueled by the ongoing debate on species concepts and facilitated by the availability of an unprecedented large number of genomic resources. Genomes are organized into chromosomes, where significant variations in number and morphology are observed among species due to large-scale structural variants such as inversions, translocations, fusions, and fissions. This genomic reshuffling provides, in the long term, new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can act upon, contributing to the origin of biodiversity. This book contains mainly articles, reviews, and an opinion piece that explore numerous aspects of genome plasticity among taxa that will help in understanding the dynamics of genome composition, the evolutionary relationships between species and, in the long run, speciation
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    Characterization of Nanomaterials: Selected Papers from 6th Dresden Nanoanalysis Symposiumc (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507569 , 9783036507576
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue “Characterization of Nanomaterials” collects nine selected papers presented at the 6th Dresden Nanoanalysis Symposium, held at Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems in Dresden, Germany, on 31 August 2018. Following the specific motto of this annual symposium “Materials challenges—Micro- and nanoscale characterization”, it covered various topics of nanoscale materials characterization along the whole value and innovation chain, from fundamental research up to industrial applications. The scope of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the current status, recent developments and research activities in the field of nanoscale materials characterization, with a particular emphasis on future scenarios. Primarily, analytical techniques for the characterization of thin films and nanostructures are discussed, including modeling and simulation. We anticipate that this Special Issue will be accessible to a wide audience, as it explores not only methodical aspects of nanoscale materials characterization, but also materials synthesis, fabrication of devices and applications
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    Islamic and Muslim Studies in Australia (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512235 , 9783036512228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Religion & beliefs ; Islam
    Abstract: The eight articles published in this Special Issue present original, empirical research, using various methods of data collection and analysis, in relation to topics that are pertinent to the study of Islam and Muslims in Australia. The contributors include long-serving scholars in the field, mid-career researchers, and early career researchers who represent many of Australia’s universities engaged in Islamic and Muslim studies, including the Australian National University, Charles Sturt University, Deakin University, Griffith University, and the University of Newcastle. The topics covered in this Special Issue include how Muslim Australians understand Islam (Rane et al. 2020); ethical and epistemological challenges facing Islamic and Muslim studies researchers (Mansouri 2020); Islamic studies in Australia’s university sector (Keskin and Ozalp 2021); Muslim women’s access to and participation in Australia’s mosques (Ghafournia 2020); religion, belonging and active citizenship among Muslim youth in Australia (Ozalp and Ćufurović), the responses of Muslim community organizations to Islamophobia (Cheikh Hussain 2020); Muslim ethical elites (Roose 2020); and the migration experiences of Hazara Afghans (Parkes 2020)
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    Food Safety, Security, Sustainability and Nutrition as Priority Objectives of the Food Sector (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522906 , 9783036522890
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (379 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The future food systems will have to provide food and nutrition security while facing unprecedented sustainability challenges: this underlines the need for a transition to more sustainable food systems. Taking into account these premises and considering the complexity of food systems, this book aims to present original research articles, reviews, and commentaries concerning the following:Advancements in food and beverage;Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional food;Food allergy and public health;Food and nutritional toxicology;Food biotechnology and food processing;Food microbiology and food safety;Food packaging;Food safety and food inspection;Food security and environmental impacts;Food waste management;Nutrition and metabolism;Sustainable food systems and agro-ecological food production
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    Remote Sensing Applications in Coastal Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526133 , 9783036526126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments
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    Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526607 , 9783036526614
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders are a serious burden for patients and modern society. In Europe alone, 100,000,000 individuals suffer from musculoskeletal disorders and 40,000,000 affected workers cause losses due to work absence and a productivity loss of EUR 12 billion per year. Worldwide, musculoskeletal disorders are the second most common cause of pain and disability. Adequate diagnosis and early initiation of treatment are key elements in the care for patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, yet, for many musculoskeletal disorders, diagnostic tests lack appropriate accuracy. Treatment of musculoskeletal disorders is challenging as the mechanisms causing the complaints and mechanisms of action for the available treatment options are largely unknown. Moreover, these mechanisms and effectiveness might depend on specific patients’ characteristics and call for personalized strategies. This Special Issue invited researchers in the field to contribute to the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. As many different healthcare professionals are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, the Special Issue published high-quality studies from different areas of healthcare. Studies reporting on original research (e.g., randomized controlled trials, cohort studies), but also systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses within the scope of the Special Issue were considered. Given recent debates around the effectiveness of surgical interventions for musculoskeletal disorders and concomitant risks for adverse side-effects, intervention studies on non-surgical treatment options were prioritized
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    Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505688 , 9783036505695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: This Special Issue (SI), entitled "Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass”, resulted from 13 peer-reviewed papers dedicated to Forestry and Biomass mapping, characterization and accounting. The papers' authors presented improvements in Remote Sensing processing techniques on satellite images, drone-acquired images and LiDAR images, both aerial and terrestrial. Regarding the images’ classification models, all authors presented supervised methods, such as Random Forest, complemented by GIS routines and biophysical variables measured on the field, which were properly georeferenced. The achieved results enable the statement that remote imagery could be successfully used as a data source for regression analysis and formulation and, in this way, used in forestry actions such as canopy structure analysis and mapping, or to estimate biomass. This collection of papers, presented in the form of a book, brings together 13 articles covering various forest issues and issues in forest biomass calculation, constituting an important work manual for those who use mixed GIS and RS techniques
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    Nanoscale Self-Assembly: Nanopatterning and Metrology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519616 , 9783036519609
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The self-assembly process underlies a plethora of natural phenomena from the macro to the nano scale. Often, technological development has found great inspiration in the natural world, as evidenced by numerous fabrication techniques based on self-assembly (SA). One striking example is given by epitaxial growths, in which atoms represent the building blocks. In lithography, the use of self-assembling materials is considered an extremely promising patterning option to overcome the size scale limitations imposed by the conventional photolithographic methods. To this purpose, in the last two decades several supramolecular self-assembling materials have been investigated and successfully applied to create patterns at a nanometric scale. Although considerable progress has been made so far in the control of self-assembly processes applied to nanolithography, a number of unresolved problems related to the reproducibility and metrology of the self-assembled features are still open. Addressing these issues is mandatory in order to allow the widespread diffusion of SA materials for applications such as microelectronics, photonics, or biology. In this context, the aim of the present Special Issue is to gather original research papers and comprehensive reviews covering various aspects of the self-assembly processes applied to nanopatterning. Topics include the development of novel SA methods, the realization of nanometric structures and devices, and the improvement of their long-range order. Moreover, metrology issues related to the nanoscale characterization of self-assembled structures are addressed
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    Design, Fabrication and Performance of Wind Turbines 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503141 , 9783036503158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: From small-scale vertical axis wind turbines for urban usage to large-scale horizontal axis wind turbines for offshore wind farms, design, fabrication, and optimization technologies are highly required to manage wind energy effectively. Moreover, some new opportunities, such as in wind farm design, fluid–structure interaction, aero-acoustics, fabrication methods and performance tests by experimental and computational fluid dynamics should be engaged in modern wind turbine communities. The basic objectives of this book include improving the reliability and promoting the high efficiency of wind turbines as well as their dynamic performance, reducing wind turbine-generated noise and improving power generation efficiencies through high-fidelity approaches. Students, scholars, and engineers who manage such a wide range of wind turbine scales and usages, design, fabrication, and performance test protocols for various wind turbines, are highly recommended to read this book
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  • 73
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    Newborn Screening for Pompe Disease (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505800 , 9783036505817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pompe disease, also known as acid maltase deficiency or acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, in its most severe form results in a rapidly progressive, neonatal-onset skeletal and cardiomyopathy, leading to early infantile death without treatment. The development of treatment with recombinant enzyme replacement therapy radically transformed the clinical trajectory of those affected, enabling long-term ventilator-free survival with resolution of cardiomyopathy. These positive clinical outcomes resulted in the implementation of newborn screening programs for Pompe disease across the world. This Special Issue highlights some of the experiences of Pompe screening programs worldwide and discusses public policy and ethical issues elicited by presymptomatic screening for Pompe disease
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  • 74
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    Plasma in Cancer Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512099 , 9783036512082
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: In the last decade, research on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has significantly advanced our understanding of the effect of CAP on cancer cells and their potential for cancer treatment. This effect is due to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) created by plasma. This has been demonstrated for different cancer cell lines and the first clinical trials showed promising results. In addition, plasma could be combined with other treatments—such as immunotherapy—to boost its anticancer activity. The addition of new research tools to study the response of cancer cells to CAP—such as 3D in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo models and in silico approaches—as well as the use of -OMICS technologies could aid in unravelling the underlying mechanisms of CAP in cancer treatment. In order to progress towards widespread clinical application of CAP, an integrated study of the multidimensional effect of CAP in cancer treatment is essential. In this book, reviews and original research papers are published that provide new insights into the mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma in cancer treatment, based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, clinical studies, as well as computer modeling
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  • 75
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    Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511627 , 9783036511634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Film, TV & radio
    Abstract: This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these fields
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  • 76
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    Lithium-Ion Batteries : Latest Advances and Prospects (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505848 , 9783036505855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as a key part of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, have become increasingly important in recent years, owing to their potential impact on building a more sustainable future. Compared with other batteries developed, LIBs offer high energy density, high discharge power, and a long service life. These characteristics have facilitated a remarkable advance of LIBs in many frontiers, including electric vehicles, portable and flexible electronics, and stationary applications. Since the field of LIBs is advancing rapidly and attracting an increasing number of researchers, it is necessary to often provide the community with the latest updates. Therefore, this book was designed to focus on updating the electrochemical community with the latest advances and prospects on various aspects of LIBs. The materials presented in this book cover advances in several fronts of the technology, ranging from detailed fundamental studies of the electrochemical cell to investigations to better improve parameters related to battery packs
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  • 77
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    Towards Green, Enhanced Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517483 , 9783036517476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book gathers selected research on the preparation, characterization and application of new organic/inorganic composites endowed with photo(electro)catalytic properties for the photocatalytic production of H2. In these pilot studies, the photoactive materials were tested under either UV-visible or, even more conveniently, under visible light for H2 evolution in “sacrificial water splitting” or “photoreforming” systems. In addition, a review article on the use of 2D materials and composites as potential photocatalysts for water splitting is included
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    Advanced Process Monitoring for Industry 4.0 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520735 , 9783036520742
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book reports recent advances on Process Monitoring (PM) to cope with the many challenges raised by the new production systems, sensors and “extreme data” conditions that emerged with Industry 4.0. Concepts such as digital-twins and deep learning are brought to the PM arena, pushing forward the capabilities of existing methodologies to handle more complex scenarios. The evolution of classical paradigms such as Latent Variable modeling, Six Sigma and FMEA are also covered. Applications span a wide range of domains such as microelectronics, semiconductors, chemicals, materials, agriculture, as well as the monitoring of rotating equipment, combustion systems and membrane separation processes
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  • 79
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    Cellulose-Based Biosensing Platforms (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524009 , 9783036524016
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Cellulose empowers measurement science and technology with a simple, low-cost, and highly transformative analytical platform. This book helps the reader to understand and build an overview of the state of the art in cellulose-based (bio)sensing, particularly in terms of the design, fabrication, and advantageous analytical performance. In addition, wearable, clinical, and environmental applications of cellulose-based (bio)sensors are reported, where novel (nano)materials, architectures, signal enhancement strategies, as well as real-time connectivity and portability play a critical role
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  • 80
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    Bioactive Molecules with Healthy Features to Food and Non-food Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514987 , 9783036514970
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The main aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of recent advances in the processing, characterization, structure–activity links, and applications of natural bioactive molecules from a wide range of sources. The incorporation of these bioactive compounds in innovative functional matrices is also a matter of interest
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  • 81
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    Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Various Sources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525662 , 9783036525679
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Leaching of rare earth elements from various sources
    RVK:
    VH 8045.0
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The proposed book is a compilation of a Special Issue on “Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Various Sources”, published in the journal Minerals in 2020. There are 10 papers contributed by experts in the area, and these can be grouped into four categories: leaching from low-grade ores including coal, clay, soil, and red mud; pre-treatment and leaching; recycling; and precipitation and nano-hydrometallurgy. Although these articles are available in the journal Minerals, it is convenient to compile the most valuable information into a book form so that scholars and industrial practitioners can have easy access to it when they need it where the Internet is not easily available. I strongly believe that the book on a very specialized topic matter such as modern extraction technologies of rare earth elements will contribute greatly to the fast-growing industry that needs rare earth elements
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    Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524795 , 9783036524788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book collects contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics" of the journal Symmetry. These contributions focus on recent advancements in the study of PT–invariance of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of relativistic and non-relativisitc systems, duality transformations for power–law potentials and conformal transformations. New aspects on the spreading of wave packets are also discussed
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    Design and Control of Power Converters 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507026 , 9783036507033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, nine papers focusing on different fields of power electronics are gathered, all of which are in line with the present trends in research and industry. Given the generality of the Special Issue, the covered topics range from electrothermal models and losses models in semiconductors and magnetics to converters used in high-power applications. In this last case, the papers address specific problems such as the distortion due to zero-current detection or fault investigation using the fast Fourier transform, all being focused on analyzing the topologies of high-power high-density applications, such as the dual active bridge or the H-bridge multilevel inverter. All the papers provide enough insight in the analyzed issues to be used as the starting point of any research. Experimental or simulation results are presented to validate and help with the understanding of the proposed ideas. To summarize, this book will help the reader to solve specific problems in industrial equipment or to increase their knowledge in specific fields
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    Natural Fiber Based Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520025 , 9783036520032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Entitled “Natural Fiber-Based Composites”, this Special Issue has the objective to give an inventory of the latest research in the area of composites reinforced with natural fibers. Fibers of renewable origin have many advantages. They are abundant and cheap, they have a reduced impact on the environment, and they are also independent from fossil resources. Their ability to mechanically reinforce thermoplastic matrices is well known, as their natural heat insulation ability. In the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices. The matrices can themselves be of renewable origin (e.g., proteins, starch, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyamides, etc.), thus contributing to the development of 100% bio-based composites with a controlled end of life. This Special Issue’s objective is to give an inventory of the latest research in this area of composites reinforced with natural fibers, focusing in particular on the preparation and molding processes of such materials (e.g., extrusion, injection-molding, hot pressing, etc.) and their characterization. It contains one review and nineteen research reports authored by researchers from four continents and sixteen countries, namely, Brazil, China, France, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, and Vietnam. It provides an update on current research in the field of natural fiber based composite materials. All these contributions will be a source of inspiration for the development of new composites, especially for producers of natural fibers, polymer matrices of renewable origin and composite materials. Generally speaking, these new materials are environmentally friendly and will undoubtedly find numerous applications in the years to come in many sectors. Dr. Philippe Evon Guest Editor
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    New Strategies for Treatment of Sepsis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524832 , 9783036524825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book represents a collection of paper from different specialists involved in the management of septic patients, aimed to disseminate the knowledge in the field of sepsis, particularly to non-intensivists physicians
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    Mechanical Alloying: Processing and Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521176 , 9783036521183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mechanical alloying is a technique of producing alloys and compounds that permits the development of metastable materials (with amorphous or nanocrystalline microstructure) or the fabrication of solid solutions with extended solubility. The elements or compounds to be mixed (usually as powders) are introduced in jars usually under a controlled atmosphere. Regarding the scope of this book, advanced materials have been developed by mechanical alloying: Fe–X–B–Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys, mixtures of the binary Fe–Mn and Fe–Cr alloys with chromium and manganese nitrides, Mn–Al–Co and Mn–Fe alloys, non-equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline Fe–Cr steels, nanaocrystalline Mn–Co–Fe–Ge–Si alloys, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposite, and hydride-forming alloys. Likewise, production conditions and ulterior treatments can provide readers interesting ideas about the procedure to produce alloys with specific microstructure and functional behavior (mechanical, magnetic, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage, magnetocaloric effect, wastewater treatment, and so on). As an example, to obtain the improvement in the functional properties of the alloys and compounds, sometimes controlled annealing is needed (annealing provokes the relaxation of the mechanical-induced strain). Furthermore, the powders can be consolidated (press, spark plasma sintering,and microwave sintering) to obtain bulk materials
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    Procedures and Methodologies for the Control and Improvement of Energy-Environmental Quality in Construction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517803 , 9783036517797
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on procedures and methodologies developed to improve energy and environmental performance through building renovation. We are greatly thankful to our colleagues building physics experts, building technology researchers, and urban environment scholars who contributed to this Special Issue, for sharing their original works in the field
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    Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522876 , 9783036522883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The e-book and Special Issue “Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat” is composed of six original papers about recent advances in the area of Meat Science about the effect of production system in lamb meat quality, the effect of animal feed supplements in cattle meat, treatment of cattle carcasses to improve tenderness, and the characterization of volatile compounds associated with sensory attributes. Moreover, studies regarding the developments in the processing of meat are also included in this publication
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    Efficient Technology for the Pretreatment of Biomass II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517940 , 9783036517933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (255 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Biomass can be used as feedstock for the production of biomaterials, chemicals, platform molecules and biofuels. It is the most reliable alternative to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Within the framework of the circular economy, resource recovery from organic waste, including sewage sludge, biowaste, manure and slaughterhouse waste, is particularly useful, as it helps saving resources while reducing environmental pollution. In contrast to energy crops, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for food production; therefore, they represent an important source of biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts. However, biomass may require a pretreatment step in order to enhance its conversion into valuable products in terms of process yield and/or productivity. Furthermore, a pretreatment step may be mandatory for waste management (i.e., animal by-products).Pretreatment technologies are applied upstream of various conversion processes of biomass into biofuels or biomaterials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biomethane, biomolecules or bioproducts. Pretreatments may include mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological techniques, which represent a crucial, cost-intensive step for the development of biorefineries. Thus, research is needed to help identify the most effective, economic, and environmentally friendly pretreatment options for each feedstock. This Special Issue aims to gather recent developments of biomass pretreatments for bioproduct and biofuel production
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    Ion and Molecule Transport in Membrane Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513591 , 9783036513607
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Membranes play an enormous role in our life. Biological cell membranes control the fluxes of substances in and out of cells. Artificial membranes are widely used in numerous applications including “green” separation processes in chemistry, agroindustry, biology, medicine; they are used as well in energy generation from renewable sources. They largely mimic the structure and functions of biological membranes. The similarity in the structure leads to the similarity in the properties and the approaches to study the laws governing the behavior of both biological and artificial membranes. In this book, some physico-chemical and chemico-physical aspects of the structure and behavior of biological and artificial membranes are investigated
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    Renewable Energies for Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513829 , 9783036513812
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (442 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed
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  • 92
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    Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization and Grading, Processing and Safety in Different Types of Meat Sources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525426 , 9783036525433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Abstract: The alleged responsibility of meats and processed meat products for some of our population’s major health issues has created an opportunity for the promotion of meat analogs. This emerging competition forces the need for changes in livestock production systems for improving nutritive value and obtaining healthier and safer meat products. The morbidity and mortality attributed to Salmonella and other pathogens remain a public health issue. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing intervention technologies to control such pathogens. Beef is packaged with an array of healthy nutrients and is the highest valued livestock product. However, staples (e.g., pork, poultry) and some co-products can also be nutrient dense and/or provide a unique sensory experience with advantageous technological quality. Carcass yield is a major determinant of livestock value. Hence, objective technologies are strongly needed to effectively segregate the heterogeneous supply of carcasses into homogeneous groups in yield of cuts. Not all meats are created equal, and differences in their intrinsic characteristics may be expected when they are produced in different regions and under diverse production schemes. Nevertheless, reports aiming to characterize meats originated from different zones (e.g., tropical latitudes) are scarce. This Special Issue of Foods, “Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization, Grading, Processing, and Safety for Different Types of Meat Sources”, comprising fourteen peer-reviewed papers, is now being released as a book that will serve as an invaluable reference in addressing the current dearth of knowledge regarding the aforementioned topics, and is also envisaged to serve in updating food scientists and stakeholders of the meat value chain globally
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    Hotspots of Subterranean Biodiversity (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523590 , 9783036523606
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: There are a total of 22 caves and karst wells with more than 25 specialized species resident (stygobionts and troglobionts). In this Special Issue, 14 of these sites are described in detail, along with the specialized fauna. An additional paper describes the richest known cave in China. A summary paper puts all 22 subterranean biodiversity sites in context
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    Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Water Resources Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527017 , 9783036527000
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (487 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Water resources are the most valuable resources of sustainable socio-economic development, which is significantly affected by climate change and human activities. Water resources assessment is an urgent need for implementation of the perfect water resources management, but it is difficult to accurately evaluate the quantity and quality of water resources, especially in arid regions and high-altitude regions with sparse gauged data. This book hosts 24 papers devoted to remote sensing in hydrology and water resources management, which summarizes the recent advancement in remote sensing technology for hydrology analysis such as satellite remote sensing for water resources management, water quality monitoring and evaluation using remote sensing data, remote sensing for detecting the global impact of climate extremes, the use of remote sensing data for improved calibration of hydrological models, and so on. In general, the book will contribute to promote the application of remote sensing technology in water resources
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  • 95
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    Applied Biomechanics: Sport Performance and Injury Prevention (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526089 , 9783036526096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue had, as its main objective, the compilation of biomechanical studies on sports performance and its relationship with musculoskeletal injuries. It is a collection of research on eight different sports (soccer, volleyball, swimming, cycling, skiing, golf, athletics, and hockey) considering injuries in general and specific injuries such as hamstring muscle injury, anterior cruciate ligament of the knee, and pain of the pubic symphysis. Additionally, it is noteworthy that most of the studies considered both men and women. Classical biomechanical tools have been used, such as 2D and 3D motion analysis, force platforms, and electromyography
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  • 96
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    Advances in Autism Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501628 , 9783036501635
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (400 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Note: English
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  • 97
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    Socio-Hydrology: The New Paradigm in Resilient Water Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522036 , 9783036522043
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: During the third decade of the 21st century, human societies across the world are facing significant water-related problems, such as ecosystem degradation, groundwater depletion, natural and anthropogenic droughts and floods, water-borne health issues, and deforestation. These problems are exacerbated by climate change, a phenomenon that has been accelerated due to human intervention in natural systems since the industrial revolution. There is an urgent need to better understand the interaction of hydrological systems in terms of climate variability and the anthropogenic factors that contribute to the dynamics and resilience of coupled human–water systems and effective risk management in the area of water resource management. Socio-hydrology is an interdisciplinary field that integrates natural and social sciences and aims to study the long-term dynamics of bidirectional feedback in coupled human–water systems. This book on socio-hydrology aims to compile cross-disciplinary scientific endeavors and innovations in research on the development, education, and application of coupled human–water systems. The articles published in this book represent diverse and broad aspects of water management in the context of socio-hydrology systems around the globe. The articles and ideas presented in this book represent a significant source of references for interdisciplinary water science programs and provide an excellent guide for experts involved in the future planning and management of water resources. This book is dedicated to friends of the Green Water-Infrastructure Academy and those who pursue cross-disciplinary water research, education, and management
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Advances in Remote Sensing for Global Forest Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512525 , 9783036512532
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: The topics of the book cover forest parameter estimation, methods to assess land cover and change, forest disturbances and degradation, and forest soil drought estimations. Airborne laser scanner data, aerial images, as well as data from passive and active sensors of different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions have been utilized. Parametric and non-parametric methods including machine and deep learning methods have been employed. Uncertainty estimation is a key topic in each study. In total, 15 articles are included, of which one is a review article dealing with methods employed in remote sensing aided greenhouse gas inventories, and one is the Editorial summary presenting a short review of each article
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    Advances in Nanomaterials in Biomedicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508689 , 9783036508696
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Advances in Nanomaterials in Biomedicine” provided a platform for more than 110 researchers from different countries to present their latest investigations in various fields of nanotechnology, new methods and nanomaterials intended for medical applications. Modern achievements in the field of nanoparticle-based diagnostics, drug delivery and the use of various nanomaterials in the treatment of diseases are presented in 11 original articles. The published reviews provide a comprehensive analysis of the current information on the use of nanomedicine in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer and liver fibrosis, in the field of solid tissue engineering and in drug delivery systems
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Effects of Mineral Elements on the Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517889 , 9783036517872
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: Medical mineralogy and geochemistry constitute an important field, yet little attention has been paid to it by scientists, administrators, or the public. The aims of this book are: (a) to focus on a selection of current challenges and research opportunities and (b) to encourage knowledge transfer between geochemists and mineralogists whose work concerns medical problems and medical scientists who study problems surrounding biominerals and geomaterials. This book covers a variety of novel approaches, tools and techniques, and scenarios of contamination in water and wastewater, and is a key resource for policymakers and environmental scientists working hard to address environmental pollutants. The key features are: state-of-the-art techniques for the assessment and remediation of heavy metals, presenting the interdisciplinary impacts of heavy metals, including those on human health, ecosystems and water quality, and including various contamination indices, such as contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution index and ecological risk index
    Note: English
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