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  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 2005-2009
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
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  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate Change and Marine Geological Dynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516981 , 9783036516974
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Hydrologic Forecasts and Water Resources Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516806 , 9783036516790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; water resources management ; landslide ; dammed lake ; flood risk ; time-varying parameter ; GR4J model ; changing environments ; temporal transferability ; western China ; cascade hydropower reservoirs ; multi-objective optimization ; TOPSIS ; gravitational search algorithm ; opposition learning ; partial mutation ; elastic-ball modification ; Snowmelt Runoff Model ; parameter uncertainty ; data-scarce deglaciating river basin ; climate change impacts ; generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation ; Yangtze River ; cascade reservoirs ; impoundment operation ; GloFAS-Seasonal ; forecast evaluation ; small and medium-scale rivers ; highly urbanized area ; flood control ; whole region perspective ; coupled models ; flood-risk map ; hydrodynamic modelling ; Sequential Gaussian Simulation ; urban stormwater ; probabilistic forecast ; Unscented Kalman Filter ; artificial neural networks ; Three Gorges Reservoir ; Mahalanobis-Taguchi System ; grey entropy method ; signal-to-noise ratio ; degree of balance and approach ; interval number ; multi-objective optimal operation model ; feasible search space ; Pareto-front optimal solution set ; loss–benefit ratio of ecology and power generation ; elasticity coefficient ; empirical mode decomposition ; Hushan reservoir ; data synthesis ; urban hydrological model ; Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) ; Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) ; uncertainty analysis ; NDVI ; Yarlung Zangbo River ; machine learning model ; random forest ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; regional flood inundation depth ; recurrent nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (RNARX) ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; multi-objective reservoir operation ; hydrologic forecasting ; uncertainty ; risk
    Abstract: This book collected recent studies on the latest methodological and operational advances in hydrological forecasting. Specifically, the collection of papers covers a range of topics related to improving hydrological forecasting via new datasets and innovative approaches
    Note: English
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  • 3
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    Higher Education and Innovation : Design of an Innovative Teaching Module for an Intensive Programme on Aeolian Architecture (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437122 , 9783039437115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education
    Abstract: This book highlights the design of an educational module for an innovative intensive program. The theme is very relevant in the contemporary approach to teaching activities. In fact, thanks to the didactic design, it is possible to obtain a strong relationship between teachers and learners, as required by the Bologna Process. It also allows a stronger definition of learning outcomes. After a general excursus on the subject, the manuscript refers to a recent experience carried out in the Aeolian Island for the Erasmus + Programme, called VVITA. In it, an international group of students and teachers spent a period in the Aeolian Islands, to focus on the features of local vernacular architecture. The attention has been addressed to the Aeolian House, which is a wonderful example of ante litteram sustainable architecture. On the island of Filicudi, one of the most beautiful of the archipelago, it has preserved its characteristics intact. The book is completed by teachers’ lectures and students’ final reports
    Note: English
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  • 4
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    Enhancement of Industrial Energy Efficiency and Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500386 , 9783036500393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability
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  • 5
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    Transitioning to Clean Water and Sanitation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038977742 , 9783038977759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Transitioning is a key co ...
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  • 6
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    Transitioning to Gender Equality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038978664 , 9783038978671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Feminism & feminist theory
    Abstract: Gender Equality, the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 5), aims for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and girls. It thereby addresses all forms of violence, unpaid and unacknowledged care and domestic work, as well as the need for equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life. Thus, the areas in which changes with regard to gender equality on a global scale are needed are very broad. In this volume, we focus on three main areas of inquiry, ‘Sexuality’, ‘Politics of Difference’ and ‘Care, Work and Family’, and raise the following transversal questions: How can gender be addressed in an intersectional perspective, linking gender to further categories of difference, which are involved in discrimination? In which ways are binary notions of gender taking part in inequality regimes and by which means can these binaries be questioned? How can we measure, control and portray progress with regard to gender equality and how do we, in doing so, define gender? Which multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary perspectives are needed for understanding the diversity of gender, in order to support a transition to 'gender equality'? Transitioning to Gender Equality is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries. MDPI supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. For use of the SDG logos and design, please see the according Guidelines for the use of the SDG logo, color wheel, and 17 icons
    Note: English
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  • 7
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    Single Cell Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506289 , 9783036506296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Cells are the most fundamental building block of all living organisms. The investigation of any type of disease mechanism and its progression still remains challenging due to cellular heterogeneity characteristics and physiological state of cells in a given population. The bulk measurement of millions of cells together can provide some general information on cells, but it cannot evolve the cellular heterogeneity and molecular dynamics in a certain cell population. Compared to this bulk or the average measurement of a large number of cells together, single-cell analysis can provide detailed information on each cell, which could assist in developing an understanding of the specific biological context of cells, such as tumor progression or issues around stem cells. Single-cell omics can provide valuable information about functional mutation and a copy number of variations of cells. Information from single-cell investigations can help to produce a better understanding of intracellular interactions and environmental responses of cellular organelles, which can be beneficial for therapeutics development and diagnostics purposes. This Special Issue is inviting articles related to single-cell analysis and its advantages, limitations, and future prospects regarding health benefits
    Note: English
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  • 8
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    Multimodality Treatments in Metastatic Gastric Cancer (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525921 , 9783036525938
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Gastric cancer represents one of the most frequent and lethal tumors worldwide today, finding itself in the fifth place in incidence and the third in mortality. Surgery remains the only curative treatment for localized tumors, but only 20% of patients are suitable for surgery due to the lack of specific symptoms and the late diagnosis, especially in Western countries. Additionally, even in patients who receive curative treatment, rates of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis remain high. Palliative chemotherapy is the principal treatment in cases of metastatic disease even if the prognosis of patients receiving chemotherapy is still poor. Therefore, a multidisciplinary evaluation is important in order to improve the efficacy of active treatments. In this context, there is an unmet need for a better understanding of genetic alterations and prognostic and predictive factors in order to choose the best tailored therapy for each patient. The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on the results and problems of multimodality treatment in metastatic gastric cancer, the search for prognostic and predictive factors, and the evaluation of novel strategies for individualized treatment. We are inviting relevant original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and short communications covering the above-mentioned topics
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  • 9
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    XoveTIC 2021 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524962 , 9783036524979
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This volume of Engineering Proceedings gathers papers presented at XOVETIC2021 (A Coruña, Spain, 7–8 October 2021), a conference with the main goal of bringing together young researchers working in big data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, HPC (High-performance computing), cybersecurity, bioinformatics, natural language processing, 5G and others areas from the field of ICT (Information Communications Technology) and offering a platform to present the results of their research to a national audience and Portugal. This fourth edition aims to serve as the basis of this event, which will be consolidated over time and acquire international projection. Financial support from Vice-rectorate for Science Policy, Research and Transfer of Universidade da Coruña and Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade of the Xunta de Galicia (Convenio I+D+i Centro de investigación de Galicia 2019–2022) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund—ERDF) is gratefully acknowledged
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  • 10
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    Nucleic Acids Conjugates for Biotechnological Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515144 , 9783036515137
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Life in biological systems is maintained by the cooperative actions of various biomolecules. With the development of chemical and biological technologies related to nucleic acids, the details of the mechanisms of such cooperative actions between nucleic acids and other biomolecules have been elucidated and further applied in various applications. In the papers published in this Special Issue, advanced research works involved in nucleic acid conjugates are reported in wide application fields, such as artificial gene regulation, biomolecular sensing, and therapeutics from leading scientists in nucleic acids chemistry and engineering
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  • 11
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    Storm Tide and Wave Simulations and Assessment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504964 , 9783036504971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this Special Issue, seven high-quality papers covering the application and development of many high-end techniques for studies on storm tides, surges, and waves have been published, for instance, the employment of an artificial neural network for predicting coastal freak waves [1]; a reproduction of super typhoon-created extreme waves [2]; a numerical analysis of nonlinear interactions for storm waves, tides, and currents [3]; wave simulation for an island using a circulation–wave coupled model [4]; an analysis of typhoon-induced waves along typhoon tracks in the western North Pacific Ocean [5]; an understanding of how a storm surge prevents or severely restricts aeolian supply [6]; and an investigation of coastal settlements and an assessment of their vulnerability [7]
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  • 12
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    Environmental and Energy Efficiency Evaluation Based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505725 , 9783036505732
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Efficiency and productivity assessment are essential to ensure the long-term financial sustainability of countries, services and processes. In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the environmental effects of economic activities, and the need to assess the environmental and energy efficiency has been internationally recognized. Energy and environmental efficiency assessments of decision-making units (DMUs), such as countries, utilities, processes and services are relevant and have strong implications for companies, regulators, stakeholders, policy makers, and customers. To improve both the decision-making process and the management of DMUs, fundamental and practical knowledge about energy and environmental efficiency and productivity is essential
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  • 13
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    Innovative Materials for Construction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501666 , 9783036501673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Most of the typical materials employed in today’s constructions present limitations, especially concerning their durability, in either common or severe environmental conditions, and their impact on the environment. In response to these issues, academic and industrial efforts around the world have been devoted to developing new smart materials that can provide efficient alternatives, improve the energy efficiency of buildings, or can upgrade, repair, or protect existing infrastructures. Different and wide technological innovations are, therefore, quickly fostering advancements in the field of construction materials. A new generation of materials (bricks, cement, coatings, concrete, FRP, glass, masonry, mortars, nano-materials, PCM, polymers, steel, wood, etc.) is gaining a prominent position in modern building technology, since they can overcome various limits and flaws of conventional materials employed in constructions, without neglecting the smart applications of pioneering materials in ancient constructions and historic buildings. Even though the adoption of innovative materials in the construction field has been a successful route in achieving enhanced performance, or even new and unexpected characteristics, some issues have not been completely solved. On top of them, the cost/performance ratio of novel solutions, since their introduction must be convenient, without compromising quality. Other concerns are related to their sustainability, with eco-friendly options, possibly exploiting recycled materials or by-products from other productions, being the most desirable solution. Finally, the use of materials or systems that are unconventional in this field raises the need to update or develop new specifications and standards. This special issue aims at providing a platform for discussing open issues, challenges, and achievements related to innovative materials proposed for the construction industry
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  • 14
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    The Legal, Administrative and Managing Framework for Spatial Policy, Planning and Land-Use. Interdependence, Barriers and Directions of Change (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523651 , 9783036523668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Peace studies & conflict resolution
    Abstract: The book aims to explore the legal and administrative aspects of spatial governance and the challenges that their interaction entails. It does this through a number of chapters focusing on case studies located in different geographical areas of Europe and beyond. By doing this, the editors shed light on a set of challenges that emerge around the world at the intersection between the legal and administrative spheres during the governance and planning of territorial phenomena. The issues addressed in the various chapters highlight how spatial planning activities continue to face serious challenges that have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. In more detail, a correlation emerges between the legal regulations that allow and shape spatial-planning activities and the socio-economic and territorial challenges that those activities should tackle. This is often a consequence of the path-dependent influence of the traditional administrative and spatial planning configuration, which presents an inertial resistance to change that is hard to overcome. A similar situation arises concerning the mismatch between the boundaries of the existing administrative units and the extent of territorial phenomena, with a system of judicial–territorial administration that does not always coincide with the boundaries of the fundamental administrative division of a country, leading to an overall deterioration of the conditions in which all actors involved in spatial development operate
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  • 15
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    Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Surgery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520995 , 9783036521008
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Minimally invasive surgery has become a common term in visceral as well as gynecologic surgery. It has almost evolved into its own surgical speciality over the past 20 years. Today, being firmly established in every subspeciality of visceral surgery, it is now no longer a distinct skillset, but a fixed part of the armamentarium of surgical options available. In every indication, the advantages of a minimally invasive approach include reduced intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, and shorter rehabilitation times, as well as a marked reduction of overall and surgical postoperative morbidity. In the advent of modern oncologic treatment algorithms, these effects not only lower the immediate impact that an operation has on the patient, but also become important key steps in reducing the side-effects of surgery. Thus, they enable surgery to become a module in modern multi-disciplinary cancer treatment, which blends into multimodular treatment options at different times and prolongs and widens the possibilities available to cancer patients. In this quickly changing environment, the requirement to learn and refine not only open surgical but also different minimally invasive techniques on high levels deeply impact modern surgical training pathways. The use of modern elearning tools and new and praxis-based surgical training possibilities have been readily integrated into modern surgical education,which persists throughout the whole surgical career of modern gynecologic and visceral surgery specialists
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  • 16
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    Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505688 , 9783036505695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: This Special Issue (SI), entitled "Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass”, resulted from 13 peer-reviewed papers dedicated to Forestry and Biomass mapping, characterization and accounting. The papers' authors presented improvements in Remote Sensing processing techniques on satellite images, drone-acquired images and LiDAR images, both aerial and terrestrial. Regarding the images’ classification models, all authors presented supervised methods, such as Random Forest, complemented by GIS routines and biophysical variables measured on the field, which were properly georeferenced. The achieved results enable the statement that remote imagery could be successfully used as a data source for regression analysis and formulation and, in this way, used in forestry actions such as canopy structure analysis and mapping, or to estimate biomass. This collection of papers, presented in the form of a book, brings together 13 articles covering various forest issues and issues in forest biomass calculation, constituting an important work manual for those who use mixed GIS and RS techniques
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  • 17
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    Catalytic Conversion of Energy Resources into High Value-Added Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510743 , 9783036510750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come
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  • 18
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    Critical Metals in Hydrothermal Ores: Resources, Recovery, and Challenges (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519203 , 9783036519210
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The development of sustainable supplies of critical minerals and metals is required if society is to succeed in the decarbonisation of the global economy. While the discovery of critical metal deposits is urgent, of equal importance is understanding the life cycle of critical metals that are already in the economy. This book includes ten empirical studies on both the discovery and investigations of the life cycle of critical metals. A wide range of critical metals in the hydrothermal system, including Co, Ga, Ge, Re, REEs, In, Sb, Sn and W, were investigated by researchers from China, Australia, North America and Europe. These studies present an advanced understanding of the genesis of global critical metal resources, by utilising traditional and non-traditional analytical approaches. This book also promotes the green mining concept. Innovative technological development that allows extracting additional critical metals from current production and from historic mine wastes is reported. Academics and practitioners will find, in this book, very recent case studies of geochemistry, mineralogy, geometallurgy and the exploration of critical metals in various hydrothermal systems, as well as the major challenges and opportunities facing academic research and industrial mineral exploration
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  • 19
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    Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Design in Metallic Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527307 , 9783036527314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The accumulation of damage and the development of fatigue cracks under the influence of loads is a common phenomenon that occurs in metals. To slow down crack growth and ensure an adequate level of safety and the optimal durability of structural elements, experimental tests and simulations are required to determine the influence of various factors. Such factors include, among others, the impact of microstructures, voids, notches, the environment, etc. Research carried out in this field and the results obtained are necessary to guide development toward the receipt of new and advanced materials that meet the requirements of the designers. This Special Issue aims to provide the data, models and tools necessary to provide structural integrity and perform lifetime prediction based on the stress (strain) state and, finally, the increase in fatigue cracks in the material
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  • 20
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    Protein–Ligand Interactions: Target Identification and Drug Discovery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510507 , 9783036510514
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: Bioactive compounds and drugs are designed and screened on the basis of specific molecular targets as well as via the identification of active ingredients from traditional medicine or by serendipitous discovery. The development of novel therapeutic strategies not only requires a deep knowledge of the molecular processes and the cellular pathways involved in each pathological condition and disease, but also the specific protein targets and the effects of drug binding on protein conformation and activity. Understanding of how drugs can modify and modulate specific cellular pathways and functions will be helpful during the process of drug development and clinical trials
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  • 21
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    Energy for Sustainable Future (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526140 , 9783036526157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Energy and the environment are irrevocably interrelated, and they are critical factors that influence the development of societies. The pollution of the environment without considering various consequences has become one of the most important global issues today. This environmental pollution is mainly the result of increases in economic activities, population, transportation, electricity generation, agriculture, forestry, and land use. The exigency of energy for these activities, the rapidly rising price of petroleum oil, the harmful effect of greenhouse gases, and the quest for energy security have steered our attention towards sustainable sources of energy. It is fundamental to find innovative solutions that are sustainable from the perspective of energy management and environmental protection. This book includes three review articles which review the state-of-the-art of different sustainable energy resources. These articles include ammonia as a renewable energy carrier, integration of solar photovoltaic, and bio-oil from waste tires for automotive engine application. In addition, eight research studies reveal new knowledge about energy for a sustainable future. The topics covered span many diverse areas associated with sustainable energy, including various biofuels, photovoltaic, and other aspects of sustainability. These complementary contributions provide a substantial body of knowledge in the field of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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  • 22
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    Towards Green, Enhanced Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517483 , 9783036517476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book gathers selected research on the preparation, characterization and application of new organic/inorganic composites endowed with photo(electro)catalytic properties for the photocatalytic production of H2. In these pilot studies, the photoactive materials were tested under either UV-visible or, even more conveniently, under visible light for H2 evolution in “sacrificial water splitting” or “photoreforming” systems. In addition, a review article on the use of 2D materials and composites as potential photocatalysts for water splitting is included
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    Biomass Wastes for Energy Production (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505602 , 9783036505619
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Environmental problems are forcing a rethinking of the world’s energy supply system. In parallel, there is an increasing amount of global solid waste production. A fundamental shift toward greater reliance on biomass wastes in the world’s energy system is plausible because of ongoing major technological advances that hold the promise of making the conversion of biomass into high-quality energy carriers, like electricity and gaseous or liquid fuels, economically competitive with fossil fuels. Therefore, waste-to-energy systems have become a paramount topic for both industry and researchers due to interest in energy production from waste and improved chemical and thermal efficiencies with more cost-effective designs. This biomass shift is also important for industries to become more efficient by using their own wastes to produce their own energy in the light of the circular economy concept. This book on “Biomass Wastes for Energy Production” brings novel advances on waste-to-energy technologies, life cycle assessment, and computational models, and contributes to promoting rethinking of the world’s energy supply systems
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  • 24
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    Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517629 , 9783036517612
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Abstract: Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR
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    Power Converter of Electric Machines, Renewable Energy Systems, and Transportation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511702 , 9783036511719
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: Power converters and electric machines represent essential components in all fields of electrical engineering. In fact, we are heading towards a future where energy will be more and more electrical: electrical vehicles, electrical motors, renewables, storage systems are now widespread. The ongoing energy transition poses new challenges for interfacing and integrating different power systems. The constraints of space, weight, reliability, performance, and autonomy for the electric system have increased the attention of scientific research in order to find more and more appropriate technological solutions. In this context, power converters and electric machines assume a key role in enabling higher performance of electrical power conversion. Consequently, the design and control of power converters and electric machines shall be developed accordingly to the requirements of the specific application, thus leading to more specialized solutions, with the aim of enhancing the reliability, fault tolerance, and flexibility of the next generation power systems
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    Managerial and Entrepreneurial Decision Making : Emerging Issues (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508146 , 9783036508153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Business strategy ; Management of specific areas
    Abstract: Since the conceptualization of bounded rationality, management scholars started investigating how people—managers and entrepreneurs—really make decisions within (and for) organizations. The aim of this eBook is to deeply investigate trends that have flourished within this pivotal research area in conceptual and/or empirical terms, trying to provide new insights on how managers and entrepreneurs make decisions within and for organizations. In this vein, readers that approach this eBook will be taken by hand and accompanied to the discovery of how the mind of decision makers is at the basis of organizational developments or failures. In this regard, published contributions in this eBook underline how executives and entrepreneurs must be ecologically rational, thus be aware of the negative and positive effects that biases can have depending on the context and use them at their advantage. Managerial and entrepreneurial decision-making are phenomena that cannot be detached from the environment in which executives and entrepreneurs are embedded, claiming to establish new approaches to research that looks at decision-making as an individual/group/organization-environment dialectical and multi-level phenomenon
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    Numerical Simulation in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522111 , 9783036522128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the first contribution ...
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    Brittle Materials in Mechanical Extremes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439270 , 9783039439287
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The goal of the Special Issue “Brittle Materials in Mechanical Extremes” is to spark a discussion of the analogies and the differences between different brittle materials, such as ceramics and concrete. The contributions to the Issue span from construction materials (asphalt and concrete) to structural ceramics to ice. Data reported in the Issue were obtained by advanced microstructural techniques (microscopy, 3D imaging, etc.) and linked to mechanical properties (and their changes as a function of aging, composition, etc.). The description of the mechanical behavior of brittle materials under operational loads, for instance, concrete and ceramics under very high temperatures, offers an unconventional viewpoint on the behavior of such materials. While it is by no means exhaustive, this Special Issue paves the road for the fundamental understanding and further development of materials
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    Industrial Energy Management and Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517469 , 9783036517452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Growing environmental concerns caused by increasing consumption of naturalresources and pollution need to be addressed. Manufacturing dictates the efficiencywith which resource inputs are transformed into economically valuableoutputs in the form of products and services. Consequently, it is also responsiblefor the resulting waste and pollution generated from this transformation process.As a matter of fact, about one-third of the global total energy consumption isassociated withmanufacturing activities; thus, achieving higher energy efficiencyin this sector has been the focus of research as well as of policy and industrialprogrammes in recent years. In particular, being able to effectively manageenergy and energy-related activities has proved to be a fundamental capabilityfor companies willing to improve their sustainability, as it constitutes the first,critical step to understanding their processes and to identifying and correctlyevaluating improvement opportunities.This Special Issue focuses on energy management and sustainability of bothmanufacturing processes and systems, including methods, practices, tools, applicationsand experiences
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    Natural Fiber Based Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520025 , 9783036520032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Entitled “Natural Fiber-Based Composites”, this Special Issue has the objective to give an inventory of the latest research in the area of composites reinforced with natural fibers. Fibers of renewable origin have many advantages. They are abundant and cheap, they have a reduced impact on the environment, and they are also independent from fossil resources. Their ability to mechanically reinforce thermoplastic matrices is well known, as their natural heat insulation ability. In the last twenty years, the use of cellulosic and lignocellulosic agricultural by-products for composite applications has been of great interest, especially for reinforcing matrices. The matrices can themselves be of renewable origin (e.g., proteins, starch, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyamides, etc.), thus contributing to the development of 100% bio-based composites with a controlled end of life. This Special Issue’s objective is to give an inventory of the latest research in this area of composites reinforced with natural fibers, focusing in particular on the preparation and molding processes of such materials (e.g., extrusion, injection-molding, hot pressing, etc.) and their characterization. It contains one review and nineteen research reports authored by researchers from four continents and sixteen countries, namely, Brazil, China, France, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, and Vietnam. It provides an update on current research in the field of natural fiber based composite materials. All these contributions will be a source of inspiration for the development of new composites, especially for producers of natural fibers, polymer matrices of renewable origin and composite materials. Generally speaking, these new materials are environmentally friendly and will undoubtedly find numerous applications in the years to come in many sectors. Dr. Philippe Evon Guest Editor
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    Microgrid Energy Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503882 , 9783036503899
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In IEEE Standards, a Microgrid is defined as a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources with clearly defined electrical boundaries, which acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid and can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island modes. This Special Issue focuses on innovative strategies for the management of the Microgrids and, in response to the call for papers, six high-quality papers were accepted for publication. Consistent with the instructions in the call for papers and with the feedback received from the reviewers, four papers dealt with different types of supervisory energy management systems of Microgrids (i.e., adaptive neuro-fuzzy wavelet-based controls, cost-efficient power-sharing techniques, and two-level hierarchical energy management systems); the proposed energy management systems are of quite general purpose and aim to reduce energy usages and monetary costs. In the last two papers, the authors concentrate their research efforts on the management of specific cases, i.e., Microgrids with electric vehicle charging stations and for all-electric ships
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    Machine Learning Methods with Noisy, Incomplete or Small Datasets (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512884 , 9783036512877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: In many machine learning applications, available datasets are sometimes incomplete, noisy or affected by artifacts. In supervised scenarios, it could happen that label information has low quality, which might include unbalanced training sets, noisy labels and other problems. Moreover, in practice, it is very common that available data samples are not enough to derive useful supervised or unsupervised classifiers. All these issues are commonly referred to as the low-quality data problem. This book collects novel contributions on machine learning methods for low-quality datasets, to contribute to the dissemination of new ideas to solve this challenging problem, and to provide clear examples of application in real scenarios
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    Power Electronics Applications in Renewable Energy Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039287000 , 9783039287017
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The renewable generation system is currently experiencing rapid growth in various power grids. The stability and dynamic response issues of power grids are receiving attention due to the increase in power electronics-based renewable energy. The main focus of this Special Issue is to provide solutions for power system planning and operation. Power electronics-based devices can offer new ancillary services to several industrial sectors. In order to fully include the capability of power conversion systems in the network integration of renewable generators, several studies should be carried out, including detailed studies of switching circuits, and comprehensive operating strategies for numerous devices, consisting of large-scale renewable generation clusters
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    Economics of Education and Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517186 , 9783036517179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (267 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education
    Abstract: This book consists of articles that investigate and discuss the relationship between economics of education and sustainable development; that is, how education economics plays an important role in sustainable development. Economics of education or education economics is the study of economic issues relating to education (such as education policy and finance, human capital production and acquisition, and the returns to human capital); while sustainable development is the study of a system (a human society) operating and growing continuously, which includes environment, economy, industry, business, agriculture, etc. This book particularly focuses on the economy – how an economy continuously and steadily develops and grows
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    Food Legumes: Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511481 , 9783036511498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This new MDPI book should be of interest to a wide range of readers. Students of a variety of faculties, employees of the food industry, producers of functional food, farmers, and nutritionists will certainly be interested. The book provides new information on legumes, their nutritional value, the content of biologically active compounds, and changes in the activity of these compounds as a result of the application of various technological processes. The book will not only increase the knowledge of readers but also potentially motivate them to change their diets by including legumes on the menu. According to nutritionists' recommendations, such a change has a positive effect on health
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    Health Care for Older Adults (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518237 , 9783036518244
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine
    Abstract: In recent decades, life expectancy has been increasing. This is a historical milestone in the history of humanity. We have never lived so long before. In these circumstances, giving the best care to older adults efficiently is one of the greatest challenges of developed countries. This book explores different initiatives that result in the improvement of health conditions of older adults, such as multicomponent physical exercise programs, interventions that try to avoid loneliness and social isolation, and multidisciplinary assessment, and the treatment of frailty and other geriatric syndromes, of the elderly in various settings such as the Emergency Unit, Orthogeriatrics, and Oncogeriatrics. This book offers different manuscripts to readers, each trying to improve life satisfaction, quality of life, and life expectancy in older adults in different scenarios. It is up to us to achieve these goals. We are sure that these interesting chapters will contribute to improving clinical practices. Following the completion of the Special Issue "Health Care for Older Adults" for the international Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, the Guest Editors felt the satisfaction of having reached 18 published manuscripts and the possibility of transforming this volume into a book. This book was born from the need to show how health and social advances have increased human longevity as never before. We live longer, knowing more and more the epigenetic mechanisms of this longevity, as extended aging also coexists with the least favorable aging trajectories. Among them, a syndrome stands out from the gerontological and geriatric perspective: frailty. Due to the pandemic, a social problem has increased its presence in clinical practice: ageism. Older adults have found it difficult to access the necessary clinical resources due to the simple matter of age. However, at this moment, we are able to detect and to reverse frailty. In the same way, we should aim to prevent loneliness and social isolation, involved in social frailty. Geriatric syndromes are underdiagnosed and undertreated, but clinical and geriatric knowledge provide diagnostic tools and non-pharmacological approaches to prevent and to treat them. All health professionals working together in an interdisciplinary team could improve the clinical practices to develop a quality health care for older adults, improving their life satisfaction and quality of life perception too
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    New Strategies for Treatment of Sepsis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524832 , 9783036524825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book represents a collection of paper from different specialists involved in the management of septic patients, aimed to disseminate the knowledge in the field of sepsis, particularly to non-intensivists physicians
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    Advances in Control of Power Electronic Converters (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513928 , 9783036513911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book proposes a list of contributions in the field of control of power electronics converters for different topologies: DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-DC. It particularly focuses on the use of different advanced control techniques with the aim of improving the performances, flexibility and efficiency in the context of several operation conditions. Sliding mode control, fuzzy logic based control, dead time compensation and optimal linear control are among the techniques developed in the special issue. Simulation and experimental results are provided by the authors to validate the proposed control strategies
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    Mechanical Alloying: Processing and Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521176 , 9783036521183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mechanical alloying is a technique of producing alloys and compounds that permits the development of metastable materials (with amorphous or nanocrystalline microstructure) or the fabrication of solid solutions with extended solubility. The elements or compounds to be mixed (usually as powders) are introduced in jars usually under a controlled atmosphere. Regarding the scope of this book, advanced materials have been developed by mechanical alloying: Fe–X–B–Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys, mixtures of the binary Fe–Mn and Fe–Cr alloys with chromium and manganese nitrides, Mn–Al–Co and Mn–Fe alloys, non-equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline Fe–Cr steels, nanaocrystalline Mn–Co–Fe–Ge–Si alloys, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposite, and hydride-forming alloys. Likewise, production conditions and ulterior treatments can provide readers interesting ideas about the procedure to produce alloys with specific microstructure and functional behavior (mechanical, magnetic, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage, magnetocaloric effect, wastewater treatment, and so on). As an example, to obtain the improvement in the functional properties of the alloys and compounds, sometimes controlled annealing is needed (annealing provokes the relaxation of the mechanical-induced strain). Furthermore, the powders can be consolidated (press, spark plasma sintering,and microwave sintering) to obtain bulk materials
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    Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522876 , 9783036522883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The e-book and Special Issue “Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat” is composed of six original papers about recent advances in the area of Meat Science about the effect of production system in lamb meat quality, the effect of animal feed supplements in cattle meat, treatment of cattle carcasses to improve tenderness, and the characterization of volatile compounds associated with sensory attributes. Moreover, studies regarding the developments in the processing of meat are also included in this publication
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    New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520230 , 9783036520247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Geothermal energy is a renewable, sustainable, and ecologically friendly resource of energy that can be captured with shallow or deep installations, or a combination of both—alone or integrated with other technologies. It can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, electricity generation, space heating and cooling, agriculture, and aquaculture. Given the nature/features of this green energy resource—such as being a local, climate-independent, potentially constant, robust, generally available, resilient, almost greenhouse gas-free, and long-lived energy source—geothermal solutions can and should make a more prominent contribution to the future global energy supply mix, in addition to helping lessen humanity’s environmental footprint and enabling it to attain its sustainable development goals. This Special Issue, “New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems”, addresses existing knowledge gaps and aids advance deployment of geothermal energy globally. It consists of eight peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to geothermal energy
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    Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509709 , 9783036509716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents the papers accepted into the Special Issue “Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels” and includes nine contributions to this Special Issue published in 2020. The overall aim of the collection is to improve knowledge about the most relevant and recent topics in ship stability and seakeeping. Specifically, the articles cover a wide range of topics and reflect the recent scientific efforts in the 2nd generation intact stability criteria evaluation and modelling of the ship dynamics assessment in intact or damaged conditions. These topics were investigated mainly through direct assessments performed both via numerical methods and tools, and experimental approaches. The book is addressed to individuals from universities, research organizations, industry, government agencies and certifying authorities, as well as designers, operators and owners who contribute to improved knowledge about “stability and seakeeping”
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    The Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Compounds with Medicinal Value (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512990 , 9783036513003
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: The book explores issues concerning the design, synthetic methods and biological evaluation of molecules of pharmaceutical interest
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    Cholinesterase Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517988 , 9783036517971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (223 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This collection of 10 papers includes original as well as review articles focused on the cholinesterase structural aspects, drug design and development of novel cholinesterase ligands, but also contains papers focused on the natural compounds and their effect on the cholinergic system and unexplored effects of donepezil
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    Smart Urban Water Networks (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509785 , 9783036509792
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book presents the paper form of the Special Issue (SI) on Smart Urban Water Networks. The number and topics of the papers in the SI confirm the growing interest of operators and researchers for the new paradigm of smart networks, as part of the more general smart city. The SI showed that digital information and communication technology (ICT), with the implementation of smart meters and other digital devices, can significantly improve the modelling and the management of urban water networks, contributing to a radical transformation of the traditional paradigm of water utilities. The paper collection in this SI includes different crucial topics such as the reliability, resilience, and performance of water networks, innovative demand management, and the novel challenge of real-time control and operation, along with their implications for cyber-security. The SI collected fourteen papers that provide a wide perspective of solutions, trends, and challenges in the contest of smart urban water networks. Some solutions have already been implemented in pilot sites (i.e., for water network partitioning, cyber-security, and water demand disaggregation and forecasting), while further investigations are required for other methods, e.g., the data-driven approaches for real time control. In all cases, a new deal between academia, industry, and governments must be embraced to start the new era of smart urban water systems
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    Renewable Energies for Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513829 , 9783036513812
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (442 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In the current scenario in which climate change dominates our lives and in which we all need to combat and drastically reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, renewable energies play key roles as present and future energy sources. Renewable energies vary across a wide range, and therefore, there are related studies for each type of energy. This Special Issue is composed of studies integrating the latest research innovations and knowledge focused on all types of renewable energy: onshore and offshore wind, photovoltaic, solar, biomass, geothermal, waves, tides, hydro, etc. Authors were invited submit review and research papers focused on energy resource estimation, all types of TRL converters, civil infrastructure, electrical connection, environmental studies, licensing and development of facilities, construction, operation and maintenance, mechanical and structural analysis, new materials for these facilities, etc. Analyses of a combination of several renewable energies as well as storage systems to progress the development of these sustainable energies were welcomed
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    Advances in Microfluidics Technology for Diagnostics and Detection (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513669 , 9783036513652
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (123 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip have, in recent years, come to the forefront in diagnostics and detection. At point-of-care, in the emergency room, and at the hospital bed or GP clinic, lab-on-a-chip offers the potential to rapidly detect time-critical and life-threatening diseases such as sepsis and bacterial meningitis. Furthermore, portable and user-friendly diagnostic platforms can enable disease diagnostics and detection in resource-poor settings where centralised laboratory facilities may not be available. At point-of-use, microfluidics and lab-on-chip can be applied in the field to rapidly identify plant pathogens, thus reducing the need for damaging broad spectrum pesticides while also reducing food losses. Microfluidics can also be applied to the continuous monitoring of water quality and can support policy-makers and protection agencies in protecting the environment. Perhaps most excitingly, microfluidics also offers the potential to enable entirely new diagnostic tests that cannot be implemented using conventional laboratory tools. Examples of microfluidics at the frontier of new medical diagnostic tests include early detection of cancers through circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and highly sensitive genetic tests using droplet-based digital PCR.This Special Issue on “Advances in Microfluidics Technology for Diagnostics and Detection” aims to gather outstanding research and to carry out comprehensive coverage of all aspects related to microfluidics in diagnostics and detection
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  • 48
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    Centenarians—A Model to Study the Molecular Basis of Lifespan and Healthspan (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509808 , 9783036509815
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: People around the world are living longer. For the first time in history, most humans will live to be sixty and beyond. By 2050, the world's population aged 60 and over will reach a total of 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are 80 years of age or older. By 2050, there will be 434 million people in this age group worldwide. In addition, the pace of aging of the world population is also increasing. However, there is not enough evidence to show that older people have better health than their parents. While rates of severe disability have declined over the past 30 years (but only in high-income countries), there have been no significant changes in mild to moderate disability over the same period of time. Indeed, the increase in the duration of life (lifespan) does not coincide with the increase in the duration of health (healthspan), that is, the period of life free from serious chronic diseases and disabilities. Therefore, the identification of the factors that predispose to a long and healthy life, as discussed in the papers of this book, is of enormous interest for translational medicine
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    Advanced Deep Learning Strategies for the Analysis of Remote Sensing Images (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509860 , 9783036509877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (438 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The rapid growth of the world population has resulted in an exponential expansion of both urban and agricultural areas. Identifying and managing such earthly changes in an automatic way poses a worth-addressing challenge, in which remote sensing technology can have a fundamental role to answer—at least partially—such demands. The recent advent of cutting-edge processing facilities has fostered the adoption of deep learning architectures owing to their generalization capabilities. In this respect, it seems evident that the pace of deep learning in the remote sensing domain remains somewhat lagging behind that of its computer vision counterpart. This is due to the scarce availability of ground truth information in comparison with other computer vision domains. In this book, we aim at advancing the state of the art in linking deep learning methodologies with remote sensing image processing by collecting 20 contributions from different worldwide scientists and laboratories. The book presents a wide range of methodological advancements in the deep learning field that come with different applications in the remote sensing landscape such as wildfire and postdisaster damage detection, urban forest mapping, vine disease and pavement marking detection, desert road mapping, road and building outline extraction, vehicle and vessel detection, water identification, and text-to-image matching
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  • 50
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    Advancements in Real-Time Simulation of Power and Energy Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512143 , 9783036512150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics
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    The Retina in Health and Disease (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526539 , 9783036526522
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (465 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: Vision is the most important sense in higher mammals. The retina is the first step in visual processing and the window to the brain. It is not surprising that problems arising in the retina lead to moderate to severe visual impairments. We offer here a collection of reviews as well as original papers dealing with various aspects of retinal function as well as dysfunction. New approaches in retinal research are described, such as the expression and localization of the endocannabinoid system in the normal retina and the role of cannabinoid receptors that could offer new avenues of research in the development of potential treatments for retinal diseases. Moreover, new insights are offered in advancing knowledge towards the prevention and cure of visual pathologies, mainly AMD, RP, and diabetic retinopathy
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  • 52
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    Natural Antioxidants: Innovative Extraction and Application in Foods (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525563 , 9783036525570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Natural Antioxidants: Innovative Extraction and Application in Foods compiles comprehensive information and recent findings on the extraction of antioxidants from different natural resources and investigates their application in food. The book focuses on different sources of natural antioxidants such as the Hypochaeris and Hyoseris species, pomegranate seed oil, thyme, hemp, coriander, olive mill wastewaters, the edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus, Brewer’s spent grain, broccoli byproducts, cardoon, and Norway spruce bark. Moreover, the effect of different treatments such as blanching, microwave exposure, roasting, and enzymatic browning on the phytochemical content and bioactivity of the extracts is also addressed. Readers will find valuable insights into the impact of extraction methodologies on the bioactivity of the extracts, along with an understanding of the vast potential of natural extracts for the quality of food products. Readership Food and nutrition researchers, health professionals, nutritionists, and food science and chemistry students
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  • 53
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    Maya Anthropological Archaeology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519739 , 9783036519722
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Biography & True Stories ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This volume examines the intersection between archaeologists working in the Maya area of Central American and local communities and agencies. It highlights issues of past colonial practice as well as issues involving modern tourism. The archaeologists involved in this volume attempt to suggest ways of bettering both community relationships and standards of practice for the field of Maya archaeology
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    Metal Machining—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524948 , 9783036524955
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Machining remains one of the most important manufacturing processes in the metalworking industry. Studies on this process have investigated the machinability of different materials, the behaviour of tools, chip formation, surface integrity, forces involved, and its economic and environmental sustainability. New materials are constantly being developed, and machining research needs to closely follow these developments. This book examines recent research in the machining field, covering several aspects and presenting very interesting developments in this area of knowledge
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    Discontinuous Fiber Composites, Volume II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512921 , 9783036512914
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (380 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymers have gained importance in transportation industries due to their outstanding material properties, lower manufacturing costs and superior lightweight characteristics. One of the most attractive attributes of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites is the ease with which they can be manufactured in large numbers, using injection and compression molding processes. The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect various investigations focused on the processing of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites and the effect that processing has on fiber orientation, fiber length and fiber density distributions throughout the final product. Papers presenting investigations on the effect that fiber configurations have on the mechanical properties of the final composite products and materials were welcome in the Special Issue. Researchers who model and simulate processes involving discontinuous fiber composites as well as those performing experimental studies involving these composites were welcomed to submit papers. The authors were encouraged to present new models, constitutive laws, and measuring and monitoring techniques to provide a complete framework on these groundbreaking materials and to facilitate their use in different engineering applications
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    Data-Intensive Computing in Smart Microgrids (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516271 , 9783036516288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Microgrids have recently emerged as the building block of a smart grid, combining distributed renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and load management in order to improve power system reliability, enhance sustainable development, and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, rapid advancements in sensor and metering technologies, wireless and network communication, as well as cloud and fog computing are leading to the collection and accumulation of large amounts of data (e.g., device status data, energy generation data, consumption data). The application of big data analysis techniques (e.g., forecasting, classification, clustering) on such data can optimize the power generation and operation in real time by accurately predicting electricity demands, discovering electricity consumption patterns, and developing dynamic pricing mechanisms. An efficient and intelligent analysis of the data will enable smart microgrids to detect and recover from failures quickly, respond to electricity demand swiftly, supply more reliable and economical energy, and enable customers to have more control over their energy use. Overall, data-intensive analytics can provide effective and efficient decision support for all of the producers, operators, customers, and regulators in smart microgrids, in order to achieve holistic smart energy management, including energy generation, transmission, distribution, and demand-side management. This book contains an assortment of relevant novel research contributions that provide real-world applications of data-intensive analytics in smart grids and contribute to the dissemination of new ideas in this area
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    DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Related Metabolic By-Products in Cancer and Environmental Studies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512709 , 9783036512716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which uses numerical analysis to predict and model complex flow behaviors and transport processes, has become a mainstream tool in engineering process research and development. Complex chemical processes often involve coupling between dynamics at vastly different length and time scales, as well as coupling of different physical models. The multiscale and multiphysics nature of those problems calls for delicate modeling approaches. This book showcases recent contributions in this field, from the development of modeling methodology to its application in supporting the design, development, and optimization of engineering processes
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    Advances in Condition Monitoring, Optimization and Control for Complex Industrial Processes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506883 , 9783036506890
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (514 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book documents 25 papers collected from the Special Issue “Advances in Condition Monitoring, Optimization and Control for Complex Industrial Processes”, highlighting recent research trends in complex industrial processes. The book aims to stimulate the research field and be of benefit to readers from both academic institutes and industrial sectors
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    Child Obesity and Nutrition Promotion Intervention (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513546 , 9783036513539
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (319 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Childhood obesity continues to be a global problem, with several regions showing increasing rates and others having one in every three children overweight despite an apparent halt or downward trend. Children are exposed to nutritional, social, and obesogenic environmental risks from different settings, and this affects their lifelong health. There is a consensus that high-quality multifaceted smart and cost-effective interventions enable children to grow with a healthy set of habits that have lifelong benefits to their wellbeing. The literature has shown that dietary approaches play key roles in improving children’s health, not only on a nutritional level but also in diet quality and patterns. An association between the nutritional strategy and other lifestyle components promotes a more comprehensive approach and should be envisioned in intervention studies. This Special Issue entitled “Child Obesity and Nutrition Promotion Intervention” combines original research manuscripts or reviews of the scientific literature concerning classic or innovative approaches to tackle this public health issue. It presents several nutritional interventions alongside lifestyle health factors, and outcome indicators of effectiveness and sustainability from traditional to ground-breaking methods to exploit both qualitative and quantitative approaches in tackling child obesity
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  • 60
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    Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Technological Profile of Conventional and Gluten-Free Pasta and Bakery Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512907 , 9783036512891
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Cereal-based products such as pasta and baked goods represent staple foods for human nutrition. Due to their worldwide diffusion, these products can be carriers of nutrients and bioactive compounds; therefore, they lend themselves very well to the fortification process. Furthermore, among new formulations of cereal-based food, gluten-free products have become popular even among people without celiac disease who have chosen a gluten-free lifestyle. The improvement of well-being, sustainable lifestyles, and waste control are also aims of the United Nations for the Agenda 2030, which has motivated food scientists and industrial producers to research new and healthier formulations for pasta and baked goods preparations. In this context, researchers are also encouraged to use agro-industrial by-products of high added value for food fortification. The Special Issue “Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Technological Profile of Conventional and Gluten-Free Pasta and Bakery Products” collected ten original articles focused on new types of gluten-free pasta or baked product formulations as well as agro-industrial by-product utilization. The final aim was the preparation of valuable products from a nutritional, technological, and sensory viewpoint
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  • 61
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    Innovative Methods and Materials in Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507545 , 9783036507552
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: In the past, when elements in sructures were composed of perishable materials, such as wood, the maintenance of houses, bridges, etc., was considered of vital importance for their safe use and to preserve their efficiency. With the advent of materials such as reinforced concrete and steel, given their relatively long useful life, periodic and constant maintenance has often been considered a secondary concern. When it was realized that even for structures fabricated with these materials that the useful life has an end and that it was being approached, planning maintenance became an important and non-negligible aspect. Thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) was introduced, designed, and implemented as a multidisciplinary method. Computational mechanics, static and dynamic analysis of structures, electronics, sensors, and, recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are required, but it is also important to consider new materials, especially those with intrinsic self-diagnosis characteristics, and to use measurement and survey methods typical of modern geomatics, such as satellite surveys and highly sophisticated laser tools
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  • 62
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    Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502809 , 9783036502816
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: In recent years, we have assisted the remarkable growth in the use of functional polyesters. This book gathers novel research works dealing with the manufacturing and characterization of polyesters that have been functionalized by synthesis, copolymerization, additives (at micro- and nanoscale), surface modification, among other methodologies, to tailor desired properties in terms of mechanical, chemical, thermal, and barrier properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility. Thus, Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters will serve to guide a diverse audience of polymer scientists and engineers and provides an update of the “state-of-the-art” knowledge on functional polyesters
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  • 63
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    Marine Compounds and Cancer 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506302 , 9783036506319
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (480 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The very first marine-derived anticancer drug, Cytarabine (aka Ara-C, Cytosar-U®), was approved by the FDA in 1969 for the treatment of leukemia. At the beginning of 2021, the list of approved marine-derived anticancer drugs consists of nine substances, five of which received approval within the last two years, demonstrating the rapid evolution of the field. The current book is a collection of scientific articles related to the exponentially growing field of anticancer marine compounds. These articles cover the whole field, from agents with cancer-preventive activity, to novel and previously characterized compounds with anticancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of compounds under clinical development
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  • 64
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    Innovative Preservation Technology for the Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513300 , 9783036513294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: The preservation of freshness of fruits and vegetables until their consumption is the aim of many research activities. The quality losses of fresh fruit and vegetables during cold chain are frequently attributable to an inappropriate use of postharvest technologies. Moreover, especially when fresh produce is transported to distant markets, it is necessary to adopt proper storage solutions in order to preserve the initial quality.Nowadays, for each step of the supply chain (packing house, cold storage rooms, precooling center, refrigerate transport, and distribution), innovative preservation technologies are available that, alone or in combination, could preserve the fresh products in order to maintain the principal quality and nutritional characteristics. In this Special Issue, these preservation technologies will be described, highlighting their effect on quality maintenance
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  • 65
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    Geological Heritage and Biodiversity in Natural and Cultural Landscapes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511672 , 9783036511665
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Geological Heritage has very diverse elements, both for its intrinsic nature and for its social and scientific significance. These elements have a scientific dimension (stratigraphic, geomorphological, lithological, paleontological, etc.) and a landscape dimension, both with implications for territorial management. In territorial management and planning, it is essential to carry out inventory and cataloging of places of natural and social interest to establish a comprehensive policy. The identification and valuation of the geological and biological heritage, and their interaction in the landscape should favor the conservation and preservation of this natural and historical heritage. Sustainable development implies rational use that prevents the degradation or loss of these unique environments of the natural environment as well as a dissemination and awareness of landscape resources for a better understanding and enjoyment, integrating activities of both environmental education and nature tourism.The diversity of a territory is the result of the complex and continuous interaction of the geological substrate (geotopical) and biological factors that model the existing ecological and evolutionary processes at the level of genes, species, ecosystems, and landscapes and that are expressed in a characteristic representation of organisms adapted to these factors. These vary according to the spatial dimensions and the temporal scales considered, in a wide range, that goes from the geological processes that involve millions of years and vast territories to the casuistic biotic, and anthropic events that can occur in an instant in any territorial sector
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    Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527185 , 9783036527192
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (336 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: This Special Issue, as a continuation of the previous Special Issue, “Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs/special_issues/Extreme_Environments accessed on 4 November 2021), includes 10 research articles and 2 reviews, providing a wide overview of the chemical biodiversity offered by different marine organisms inhabiting extreme environments to be used for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. The six articles in this Special Issue are focused on the polar regions, which represent an untapped source of marine natural products and are still largely unexplored compared to more accessible sites. Many of these articles refer to Antarctica, which is the coldest and most inaccessible continent on the Earth, where extreme temperatures, light and ice have selected biological communities with a unique suite of bioactive metabolites. The marine organisms of Arctic and Antarctic environments are a reservoir of natural compounds, exhibiting huge structural diversity and significant bioactivities that could be used in human applications
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    Artificial Intelligence and Ambient Intelligence (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525334 , 9783036525327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: This book includes a series of scientific papers published in the Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Ambient Intelligence at the journal Electronics MDPI. The book starts with an opinion paper on “Relations between Electronics, Artificial Intelligence and Information Society through Information Society Rules”, presenting relations between information society, electronics and artificial intelligence mainly through twenty-four IS laws. After that, the book continues with a series of technical papers that present applications of Artificial Intelligence and Ambient Intelligence in a variety of fields including affective computing, privacy and security in smart environments, and robotics. More specifically, the first part presents usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods in combination with wearable devices (e.g., smartphones and wristbands) for recognizing human psychological states (e.g., emotions and cognitive load). The second part presents usage of AI methods in combination with laser sensors or Wi-Fi signals for improving security in smart buildings by identifying and counting the number of visitors. The last part presents usage of AI methods in robotics for improving robots’ ability for object gripping manipulation and perception. The language of the book is rather technical, thus the intended audience are scientists and researchers who have at least some basic knowledge in computer science
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  • 68
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    UAV or Drones for Remote Sensing Applications in GPS/GNSS Enabled and GPS/GNSS Denied Environments (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515908 , 9783036515892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (388 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The design of novel UAV systems and the use of UAV platforms integrated with robotic sensing and imaging techniques, as well as the development of processing workflows and the capacity of ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution data, have enabled a rapid uptake of UAVs and drones across several industries and application domains.This book provides a forum for high-quality peer-reviewed papers that broaden awareness and understanding of single- and multiple-UAV developments for remote sensing applications, and associated developments in sensor technology, data processing and communications, and UAV system design and sensing capabilities in GPS-enabled and, more broadly, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-enabled and GPS/GNSS-denied environments.Contributions include:UAV-based photogrammetry, laser scanning, multispectral imaging, hyperspectral imaging, and thermal imaging;UAV sensor applications; spatial ecology; pest detection; reef; forestry; volcanology; precision agriculture wildlife species tracking; search and rescue; target tracking; atmosphere monitoring; chemical, biological, and natural disaster phenomena; fire prevention, flood prevention; volcanic monitoring; pollution monitoring; microclimates; and land use;Wildlife and target detection and recognition from UAV imagery using deep learning and machine learning techniques;UAV-based change detection
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    Advances in Pyrometallurgy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518497 , 9783036518503
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production
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    Extra Virgin Olive Oil Quality, Safety, and Authenticity (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518442 , 9783036518435
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The prevention and bioactivity effects associated with the so-called “Mediterranean diet” make olive oil the most consumed edible fat in the food intake of the Mediterranean basin.The road to quality demands that legislation should be followed. Hence, official European Union classifications such as protected designation of origin (PDO), protected geographical indication (PGI), etc. guarantee the quality and the origin of the labeled foodstuff.The profiling of volatile components and the aroma of olive oil are key factors in the quality dimension and are affected by various factors and conditions such as cultivar; atmospheric, pedologic, and fostering conditions; the ripening degree; olive and oil storage; and the technology of oil extraction from drupes, as well as the quality of the pre-extraction procedures.In extra virgin olive oil production, as in all kinds of production, the maintenance of high quality standards is assured by the olive fruits’ and the final products’ quality. Modern milling technologies can aid in the direction of quality and safety and thus can be employed in the production of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), which can be directly consumed without any further manipulation. The overall quality of EVOO should be determined by quality characteristics including sensory analysis, stability, and nutritional value and safety (microbiology, absence of contaminants and toxins), along with authenticity.Food authenticity issues are very important for the food industry due to legislation aspects, economics, quality specifications and conformance, safety concerns, and religious matters. Authentic EVOO should comply with the producer’s declaration regarding the quality of olive fruits, natural components, the absence of extraneous substances, production technology, the geographical and botanical origin, the production year, and the genetic identity. Hence, olive oil authenticity can be implemented by the validation of the application of accurate specifications for olive fruits and the selection of trustworthy suppliers with a quality assurance system in place. Authenticity methodologies will avoid adulteration but will also aid the control of accidental contaminations, e.g., in factories, where several oils are produced or used at the same time, or cross-contaminations
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    2nd Edition of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517506 , 9783036517490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (239 p.)
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine
    Abstract: Disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, heat waves, nuclear accidents, and large-scale pollution incidents take lives and incur major health problems. The majority of large-scale disasters affect the most vulnerable populations, which often comprise extreme ages, remote living areas, and endemic poverty, as well as people with low literacy. Health emergency and disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) refers to the systematic analysis and management of health risks surrounding emergencies and disasters, and plays an important role in reducing the hazards and vulnerability along with extending preparedness, responses, and recovery measures. This concept encompasses risk analyses and interventions, such as accessible early warning systems, the timely deployment of relief workers, and the provision of suitable drugs and medical equipment to decrease the impact of disasters on people before, during, and after an event (or events). Currently, there is a major gap in the scientific literature regarding Health-EDRM to facilitate major global policies and initiatives for disaster risk reduction worldwide
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    Anorexia Nervosa (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511849 , 9783036511856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Anorexia nervosa is a common eating disorder affecting several functions of the body. Although our knowledge of the underlying mechanism has increased, therapeutic options are still limited. This Special Issue discusses several aspects of anorexia nervosa and covers a broad range of topics from the bench to the bedside
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    Institutions and Economics of Water Scarcity and Droughts (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507965 , 9783036507972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue opens a new field of research in certain emerging innovative instruments, because it provides an in-depth revision of the main aspects of institutions and instruments available for the management and governance of droughts and water scarcity. The key aspects that institutions may tackle not only include the increasing water scarcity in many regions around the world but also the increasing frequency and impact of droughts on economic and natural systems. Some of the included papers analyze critical issues, such as the state and future trends of water markets; the estimation of transaction costs when dealing with drought management; and the use of new instruments, such as insurance and water-rights entitlements, which include water security, water-pricing effects on the whole basin level, and intra- and inter-sectorial re-allocation. The important issues regarding non-conventional water supply and the governance of the new resources also feature as the focus of some of the contributions
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    Impacts of Climate on Renewable Groundwater Resources and/or Stream-Aquifer Interactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513577 , 9783036513584
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The book collects seven original contributions in the field of climate and underlying human influences on renewable groundwater resources and/or stream–aquifer interactions. The first contribution introduces the following six ones into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution assesses the impact of climate change scenarios on land subsidence related to groundwater level depletion in detrital aquifers. The third contribution studies the patterns of river infiltration and the associated controlling factors by using a combination of field investigations and modeling techniques. The fourth contribution introduces a method to improve the modeling of streamflow in high-permeability bedrock basins receiving interbasin groundwater flow. The fifth contribution discusses the role of resilience of hydrogeological systems affected by either climate and/or anthropic actions in order to understand how anticipating negative changes and preserving its services. The sixth contribution analyzes the water balance of wetlands, which are systems highly sensitive to climate change and human action. The seventh contribution identifies groundwater bodies with low vulnerability to pumping to be used as potential buffer values for sustainable conjunctive use management during droughts
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    Intelligent Transportation Related Complex Systems and Sensors (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508481 , 9783036508498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (494 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Building around innovative services related to different modes of transport and traffic management, intelligent transport systems (ITS) are being widely adopted worldwide to improve the efficiency and safety of the transportation system. They enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and smarter decisions on the use of transport networks. Current ITSs are complex systems, made up of several components/sub-systems characterized by time-dependent interactions among themselves. Some examples of these transportation-related complex systems include: road traffic sensors, autonomous/automated cars, smart cities, smart sensors, virtual sensors, traffic control systems, smart roads, logistics systems, smart mobility systems, and many others that are emerging from niche areas. The efficient operation of these complex systems requires: i) efficient solutions to the issues of sensors/actuators used to capture and control the physical parameters of these systems, as well as the quality of data collected from these systems; ii) tackling complexities using simulations and analytical modelling techniques; and iii) applying optimization techniques to improve the performance of these systems. It includes twenty-four papers, which cover scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and various other ideas on analytics, trends and applications of transportation-related data
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    Modern Applications in Optics and Photonics: From Sensing and Analytics to Communication (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508665 , 9783036508672
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Optics and photonics are among the key technologies of the 21st century, and offer potential for novel applications in areas such as sensing and spectroscopy, analytics, monitoring, biomedical imaging/diagnostics, and optical communication technology. The high degree of control over light fields, together with the capabilities of modern processing and integration technology, enables new optical measurement systems with enhanced functionality and sensitivity. They are attractive for a range of applications that were previously inaccessible. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of some of the most advanced application areas in optics and photonics and indicate the broad potential for the future
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    P38 Signaling Pathway (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508580 , 9783036508597
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: p38 Mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) are a group of evolutionary conserved protein kinases which are central for cell adaptation to environmental changes as well as for immune response, inflammation, tissue regeneration and tumour formation. The interest in this group of protein kinases has grown continually since their discovery. Recent studies using new genetic and pharmacological tools are providing helpful information on the function of these stress-activated protein kinases and show that they have an acute impact on the development of prevalent diseases related to inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this Special Issue we present novel advances and review the knowledge on the identification of p38MAPK substrates, functions, and regulation; mechanisms underlying the role of p38MAPK in malignant transformation and other pathologies; and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of p38MAPK activity
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    Inverse Dynamics Problems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510668 , 9783036510675
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The inverse dynamics problem was developed in order to provide researchers with the state of the art in inverse problems for dynamic and vibrational systems. Contrasted with a forward problem, which solves for the system output in a straightforward manner, an inverse problem searches for the system input through a procedure contaminated with errors and uncertainties. An inverse problem, with a focus on structural dynamics, determines the changes made to the system and estimates the inputs, including forces and moments, to the system, utilizing measurements of structural vibration responses only. With its complex mathematical structure and need for more reliable input estimations, the inverse problem is still a fundamental subject of research among mathematicians and engineering scientists. This book contains 11 articles that touch upon various aspects of inverse dynamic problems
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    XoveTIC 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508566 , 9783036508573
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This volume of Proceedings gathers papers presented at XOVETIC2020 (A Coruña, Spain, 8–9 October 2020), a conference with the main goal of bringing together young researchers working in big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, HPC (High-performance computing), cybersecurity, bioinformatics, natural language processing, 5G, and other areas from the field of ICT (Information Communications Technology); and offering a platform to present the results of their research to a national audience in Portugal. This third edition aims to serve as the basis of this event, which will be consolidated over time and acquire international projection
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    Research on Characterization and Processing of Table Olives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505145 , 9783036505152
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Written by experts in the field of table olives, this book is a source of recent research advances on the characterization and processing of table olives. Research papers are provided relating to the characterization of their composition of volatiles and the sensory profile; mineral composition and bioavailability; changes in bioactive components (chlorophylls) by processing; and new strategies to reduce sodium and additives for stabilizing the organoleptic properties and avoiding defects in table olives. Other research papers are included in relation to microbiological and chemical changes in table olives during spontaneous or controlled fermentation employing different cultivars, and the optimized use of starter cultures for the improvement of the different fermentative processes. In addition, this book includes an overview of the main technologies used for olive fermentation, including the role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts characterizing this process, and of the processing and storage effects on the nutritional and sensory properties of table olives
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    New Insights in Oral Health and Diets (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526416 , 9783036526409
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The world of adult education needs information on instruments that provide behavioral changes and support the physical, emotional, and spiritual health of modern individuals. Under this scope, this Special Issue incorporates articles about modern perspectives on diet and coaching approaches that lead to new dietary habits
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    Microfluidics for Biosensing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526300 , 9783036526317
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: There are 12 papers published with 8 research articles, 3 review articles and 1 perspective. The topics cover: Biomedical microfluidics Lab-on-a-chip Miniaturized systems for chemistry and life science (MicroTAS) Biosensor development and characteristics Imaging and other detection technologies Imaging and signal processing Point-of-care testing microdevices Food and water quality testing and control We hope this collection could promote the development of microfluidics and point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for biosensing
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    Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524818 , 9783036524801
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Keywords: Psychology
    Abstract: This book compiles the cutting-edge research published in the Special Issue “Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology” (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health). The articles included in this book use strong and innovative theoretical approaches to provide evidence regarding the importance of working characteristics and resources to promote healthier and more sustainable environments in which employees can be happy and productive
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    Screening, Identification, and Quantification of Nutritional Components and Phytochemicals in Foodstuffs (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520223 , 9783036520216
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book provides readers with a good overview of the status and exciting developments in the identification of health-promoting properties and potential applications of nutraceutical substances. It includes papers focused on modern analytical instrumentation and new methods and biological tests applied to the evaluation of plant foods, derived products, herbal products, and food supplements and the phytochemical characterization of innovative natural sources of bioactive compounds and relative health-promoting properties
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    Shape Memory Alloys 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524702 , 9783036524719
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Shape memory alloys (SMAs), in comparison with other materials, have the exceptional ability to change their properties, structure, and functionality depending on the thermal, magnetic, and/or stress fields applied. As is well known, in recent decades, the development of SMAs has allowed innovative solutions and alternatives in biomedical applications and advanced engineering structures for aerospace and automotive industries as well as in sensor and actuation systems, among other sectors. Irrespective of this, designing and engineering using these special smart materials requires a solid background in materials science in order to consolidate their importance in these fields and to broaden their relevance for other new applications. The goal of this Special Issue is to foster the dissemination of some of the latest research devoted to these special materials from different perspectives
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    Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521107 , 9783036521091
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Medicine has evolved into a high level of specialization using the very detailed imaging of organs. This has impressively solved a multitude of acute health-related problems linked to single-organ diseases. Many diseases and pathophysiological processes, however, involve more than one organ. An organ-based approach is challenging when considering disease prevention and caring for elderly patients, or those with systemic chronic diseases or multiple co-morbidities. In addition, medical imaging provides more than a pretty picture. Much of the data are now revealed by quantitating algorithms with or without artificial intelligence. This Special Issue on “Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine” includes reviews and original studies that show the strengths and weaknesses of structural and functional whole-body imaging for personalized medicine
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    Molecular Aspects of Plant Salinity Stress and Tolerance (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513805 , 9783036513799
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply
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    Process–Structure–Properties in Polymer Additive Manufacturing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036513713 , 9783036513720
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) methods have grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. AM for polymers is an exciting field and has great potential in transformative and translational research in many fields, such as biomedical, aerospace, and even electronics. Current methods for polymer AM include material extrusion, material jetting, vat polymerisation, and powder bed fusion. With the promise of more applications, detailed understanding of AM—from the processability of the feedstock to the relationship between the process–structure–properties of AM parts—has become more critical. More research work is needed in material development to widen the choice of materials for polymer additive manufacturing. Modelling and simulations of the process will allow the prediction of microstructures and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts while complementing the understanding of the physical phenomena that occurs during the AM processes. In this book, state-of-the-art reviews and current research are collated, which focus on the process–structure–properties relationships in polymer additive manufacturing
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    The Impact of ENT Diseases in Social Life (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515045 , 9783036515038
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: In the past several years, the otorhinolaryngology sector has had a significantimpact on social life. About 10% of the cancers that affect the populationannually concern the head and neck, and each year the guidelines evolve andchange.Emergencies of the otolaryngology sector are among the most common, withnumerous increases in hospitalizations in the ENT department (e.g., bleeding,abscesses, and dyspnoea). Interventions in the election can significantly improvepatients' quality of life and help avoid future complications.Given the importance of the medical and surgical branch of otorhinolaryngology,we want to underline the impact in social life of this important area
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  • 90
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    Metal-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510620 , 9783036510637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Catalysts play a crucial role in the path towards the transformation of organic compounds. This book describes the recent development of metal-based catalysis in organic synthesis. Applications of various catalysts to interesting organic transformations are discussed. It covers important organic reactions such as cyclohexane oxidation under different energy stimuli, use of Pd-nanoparticles for carbonylation of aniline, ammoximation of methyl ethyl ketone by Ni-modified TS-1 and carbozincation of substituted 2-alkynylamines. This book will be a useful reference for researchers in the field of catalysis, organic chemistry and materials science. It is also intended to attract the attention of researchers with an industrial interest
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  • 91
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    Numerical and Data-Driven Modelling in Coastal, Hydrological and Hydraulic Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509563 , 9783036509570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The book presents recent studies covering the aspects of challenges in predictive modelling and applications. Advanced numerical techniques for accurate and efficient real-time prediction and optimal management in coastal and hydraulic engineering are explored. For example, adaptive unstructured meshes are introduced to capture the important dynamics that operate over a range of length scales. Deep learning techniques enable rapid and accurate modelling simulations and pave the way towards both real-time forecasting and overall optimisation control over time, thus improving profitability and managing risk. The use of data assimilation techniques incorporates information from experiments and observations to reduce uncertainties in predictions and improve predictive accuracy. Targeted observation approaches can be used for identifying when, where, and what types of observations would provide the greatest improvement to specific model forecasts at a future time. Such targeted observations are important as they will allow the most effective use of available monitoring resources. The combination of deep learning and data assimilation enables a rapid and accurate response in emergencies. The technologies discussed here can be also used to determine the sensitivity of outputs to various operational conditions in engineering and management, thus providing reliable information to both the public and policy-makers
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    Novel Nanomaterials for Thermochemical Storage : Development and Characterization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507583 , 9783036507590
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book offers recent developments in terms of thermochemical energy storage materials (TCM), covering the full temperature range of application, low, medium and high. Beginning with a review of the recent advancements in the field of adsorption thermal energy storage systems, this book goes on to discuss innovative TC nanomaterials, in terms of synthesis, characterization and validation
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    Information Theory in Molecular Evolution: From Models to Structures and Dynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512136 , 9783036512129
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This Special Issue collects novel contributions from scientists in the interdisciplinary field of biomolecular evolution. Works listed here use information theoretical concepts as a core but are tightly integrated with the study of molecular processes. Applications include the analysis of phylogenetic signals to elucidate biomolecular structure and function, the study and quantification of structural dynamics and allostery, as well as models of molecular interaction specificity inspired by evolutionary cues
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    Minimally Invasive Urological Procedures and Related Technological Developments (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527086 , 9783036527093
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Surgery
    Abstract: The landscape of minimally invasive urological intervention is changing. A lot of new innovations and technological developments have happened over the last 3 decades. Laparoscopy and robotic surgery have revolutionised kidney and prostate cancer treatment, with more minimally invasive procedures now being carried out than ever before. At the same time, technological advancements and the use of laser have changed the face of endourology. Several new innovative treatments are now commonplace for benign prostate enlargement (BPE). Management of prostate cancer now involves procedures such as robotic prostatectomy, brachytherapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy and HIFU. Robotic partial nephrectomy and cryotherapy have changed the face of renal cancer. En-bloc resection of bladder cancer is challenging the traditional management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and becoming commonplace, while robotic cystectomy is also gaining popularity for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Newer surgical intervention related to BPE includes laser (holmium, thulium and green light), water-based treatment (Rezum, Aquablation) and other minimally invasive procedures such as prostate artery embolisation (PAE) and Urolift. Endourological procedures have incorporated newer laser types and settings such as moses technology, disposable ureteroscopes (URS) and minimisation of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) instruments. All these technological innovations and improvements have led to shorter hospital stay, reduced cost, potential reduction in complications and improvement in the quality of life (QoL)
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  • 95
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    Advances in Industrial and Environmental Microbiology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036524849 , 9783036524856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The development of civilization entails the need to find new technological solutions leading to products with new properties. Allies in these efforts are microorganisms that have developed skills to synthesize products with properties of interest to the industry, environmental remediation or water treatment. The evolution of the omics approaches brought new tools to explore the microbial diversity and microorganisms’ potential. These new methodological approaches are readily used in both industrial and environmental microbiology. This Special Issue collects research papers as well as review articles addressing recent advances on applied and environmental microbiology. The review articles critically discuss the importance of biopolymers, specifically xanthan gum, to improve soil properties and the importance that microorganisms of poorly explored environments, such as caves, may have in the production of new bioactive compounds. The microbiological aspects of wastewater treatment and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater and sludge are studied in two research papers. These works demonstrate the effect that treatment conditions may have in the modulation of the water bacterial communities and how treated wastewater may impact the receiving environment in terms of pollution with antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, the influence that an invasive species (alligator weed) may have on wetlands organic matter accumulation and bacterial communities was studied, being demonstrated that the presence of the invasive weed affects the wetland microhabitat both in terms of organic matter content and bacterial communities structure
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  • 96
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    Global and International Logistics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036514949 , 9783036514932
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (197 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book contains 10 reviewed papers published as a Special Issue “Global and International Logistics” in the journal Sustainability, edited by Prof. Dr. Ryuichi Shibasaki, Prof. Dr. Daisuke Watanabe, and Dr. Tomoya Kawasaki. The topics of the papers contain the impact of logistics development under the China’s Belt and Road initiative (BRI) by using the improved gravity model, strategies against barriers to the BRI from a logistics and supply chain management perspective, the dynamic interaction between international logistics, and cross-border e-commerce trade, the effect of China’s restrictive programs on the international trade of waste products, the empty container repositioning problem of shipping companies with foldable containers, port capacity and connectivity improvement in the hub and feeder network in Indonesia, GHG emission scenarios for the maritime shipping sector using system dynamics, incorporating a shipping and shipbuilding market model, the emission inventory and bunker consumption from a LNG fleet from an automatic identification system database, the factors that can help select between land transport and maritime shipping in long-distance inter-regional cross-border transport, and container transport simulations in Myanmar with the global logistics intermodal network assignment model including both maritime shipping and land transport in the land-based Southeast Asia region. Some papers are related to the 8th International Conference on Transportation and Logistics (T-LOG 2020) which was held online on 6–7 September 2020 hosted by Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia
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  • 97
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    Natural and Artificial Unsaturated Soil Slopes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036518763 , 9783036518756
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mechanical and hydraulic soil properties are strongly affected by the degree of saturation, with important consequences for earthen embankments, soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions, geoenvironmental applications, and risk mitigation. The presence of sloping ground surfaces is common. In slightly inclined natural slopes, susceptible to deep landslides, the unsaturated condition of shallow soil horizons affects deep pore water pressures and, therefore, global stability. The stability of steep mountains covered by shallow deposits is often guaranteed by a shear strength contribution related to the unsaturated condition. In this case, the degree of saturation plays a key role in determining which rainfall events can act as landslide triggers, consequently controlling the post-failure evolution. Partial saturation is the basic characteristic of soils used as construction materials of geo-structures such as levees, dikes, and dams. It governs the structure behavior during construction phases, in serviceability, and in extreme scenarios. Hoping to provide a bridge between theoretical research and practical applications, this Special Issue collects quality contributions related to natural and artificial slopes under unsaturated conditions, focusing on aspects such as: water retention and transport properties, mechanical behavior, advances in experimental methods, laboratory and in situ characterization, field monitoring, geotechnical and geophysical field tests, landslide investigation and prevention, the design and maintenance of engineered slopes, and the constitutive and numerical modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior
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  • 98
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    Molecular Mechanisms of Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Development of Inner Ear Therapeutics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036515069 , 9783036515052
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5793 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The sense of hearing is vulnerable to environmental challenges, such as exposure to noise. More than 1.5 billion people experience some decline in hearing ability during their lifetime, of whom at least 430 million will be affected by disabling hearing loss. If not identified and addressed in a timely way, hearing loss can severely reduce the quality of life at various stages. Some causes of hearing loss can be prevented, for example from occupational or leisure noise. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 1 billion young people put themselves at risk of permanent hearing loss by listening to loud music over long periods of time. Mitigating such risks through public health action is essential to reduce the impact of hearing loss in the community. The etiology of sensorineural hearing loss is complex and multifactorial, arising from congenital and acquired causes. This book highlights the diverse range of approaches to sensorineural hearing loss, from designing new animal models of age-related hearing loss, to the use of microRNAs as biomarkers of cochlear injury and drug repurposing for the therapy of age-related and noise-induced hearing loss. Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms of sensorineural hearing loss and the integration of the novel drug, cell, and gene therapy strategies into controlled clinical studies will permit significant advances in a field where there are currently many unmet needs
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  • 99
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    Rainfall Thresholds and Other Approaches for Landslide Prediction and Early Warning (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509303 , 9783036509310
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Landslides are destructive processes causing casualties and damage worldwide. The majority of the landslides are triggered by intense and/or prolonged rainfall. Therefore, the prediction of the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides is an important scientific and social issue. To mitigate the risk posed by rainfall-induced landslides, landslide early warning systems (LEWS) can be built and applied at different scales as effective non-structural mitigation measures. Usually, the core of a LEWS is constituted of a mathematical model that predicts landslide occurrence in the monitored areas. In recent decades, rainfall thresholds have become a widespread and well established technique for the prediction of rainfall-induced landslides, and for the setting up of prototype or operational LEWS. A rainfall threshold expresses, with a mathematic law, the rainfall amount that, when reached or exceeded, is likely to trigger one or more landslides. Rainfall thresholds can be defined with relatively few parameters and are very straightforward to operate, because their application within LEWS is usually based only on the comparison of monitored and/or forecasted rainfall. This Special Issue collects contributions on the recent research advances or well-documented applications of rainfall thresholds, as well as other innovative methods for landslide prediction and early warning. Contributions regarding the description of a LEWS or single components of LEWS (e.g., monitoring approaches, forecasting models, communication strategies, and emergency management) are also welcome
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  • 100
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    Marine Anti-inflammatory Agents 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507880 , 9783036507897
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Special Issue covers original and innovative basic research regarding the anti-inflammatory potential of several classes of secondary metabolites (i.e., polyphenols, phytosterols, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides) in manifestations of acute and chronic inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models
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