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  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
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Material
Language
Years
  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503042 , 9783036503059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Phytotherapy is probably the oldest form of medicine; however, it represents a new therapeutic tool for healthcare workers. Indeed plants are an infinite source of novel molecules, with countless possible combinations. This collection of articles (a Special Issue from Molecules) brings together the most up-to-date studies on the use of plant-derived compounds, ranging from their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects to the revision of the prominent literature
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500102 , 9783036500119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (233 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This highly informative and carefully presented book discusses the preparation, processing, characterization and applications of different types of nanoenergetic materials, as well as the tailoring of their properties. It gives an overview of recent advances of outstanding classes of energetic materials applied in the fields of physics, chemistry, aerospace, defense, and materials science, among others. The content of this book is relevant to researchers in academia and industry professionals working on the development of advanced nanoenergetic materials and their applications
    Note: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501925 , 9783036501932
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Psychology
    Abstract: The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science
    Note: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503981 , 9783036503998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting the latest advances and developments in mathematical modeling and the design of electrical machines for different applications. The main models discussed are based on the: i) Maxwell–Fourier method (i.e., the formal resolution of Maxwell’s equations by using the separation of variables method and the Fourier’s series in 2-D or 3-D with a quasi-Cartesian or polar coordinate system); ii) electrical, thermal and magnetic equivalent circuit; iii) hybrid model. In these different papers, the numerical method and the experimental tests have been used as comparisons or validations
    Note: English
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783036501420 , 9783036501437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Zoology & animal sciences
    Abstract: Wild animals under human care as well as domesticated farm production animals are often exposed to environmental changes (e.g., capture and transportation). Short-term or acute changes in physiological indices (e.g., heart rate, respiration, body temperatures, immune cells, and stress hormonal biomarkers) provide crucial information regarding the responses of animals to novel environments, and they could provide crucial determining factors for the long-term health and welfare of animals. This Special Issue includes experimental research papers that demonstrate the applications of physiological indices and welfare assessment methods (e.g., morphological and morphometric data, behavioural assessments, thermal profiles, and physiological markers) in any wildlife or production animal (e.g., rescued and rehabilitating animals, pets, competition animals, farm animals, and zoo animals), in response to environmental and management related factors. The goal is to provide examples of new research and techniques that can be used to monitor short- and long-term environmental adaptation of animals under human care
    Note: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039438334 , 9783039438341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book collects selected high-quality papers published in 2018–2020 to inaugurate the “Natural Hazards” Section of the Geosciences journal. The topics encompass: trends in publications at international level in the field of natural hazards research; the role of Big Data in natural disaster management; assessment of seismic risk through the understanding and quantification of its different components; climatic/hydro-meteorological hazards; and finally, the scientific analysis and disaster forensics of recent natural hazard events. The target audience includes not only specialists, but also graduate students who wish to approach the challenging, but also fascinating
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500485 , 9783036500492
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Micro/nanofluidics-based lab-on-a-chip devices have found extensive applications in the analysis of chemical and biological samples over the past two decades. Electrokinetics is the method of choice in these micro/nano-chips for transporting, manipulating, and sensing various analyte species (e.g., ions, molecules, fluids, and particles). This book aims to highlight the recent developments in the field of micro/nano-chip electrokinetics, ranging from the fundamentals of electrokinetics to the applications of electrokinetics to both chemo- and bio-sample handling
    Note: English
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783036500287 , 9783036500294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (708 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Over the past decade, int ...
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039438914 , 9783039438921
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon due to quickly developing resistance towards commercially available antibiotics. For the most part, the classical antibiotic pipeline has dried up, and antibiotic resistance to any new drugs quickly develops. It is here that metal-based antimicrobials can step forward as possible solutions in this antimicrobial resistance era. The biological targets of metal atoms are more diverse, thus making it more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance compared with classical antibiotics. The metal silver has been used since antiquity for wound healing and water purification. At present, it is the most prevalent antimicrobial metal used in healthcare, industry, and consumer products. Silver is being used in the form of ionic salt, colloids, or in specific nanomaterials, and as described in this book, it can be applied as mixtures with other antimicrobials or coating composites. The different formulations are explored for their efficacy against a variety of problems related to agricultural and medical infections. Whilst by no means exhaustive, this book nicely highlights the present directions in silver-based antimicrobial research and antimicrobial formulation development. The chapters have been organized from a general introductory review to approaches of mixing other antimicrobials and materials to enhance silver performance. This is followed by synthetic approaches. First are biogenic (sometimes called green or eco-friendly) approaches, followed by advanced physical–chemical synthetic approaches. The book ends with an overview of applications through a review of patents over the past 10 years
    Note: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500508 , 9783036500515
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: Food webs describe the structure of communities and their energy flows, and they represent interactions between species in ecosystems. Recently, we have witnessed rapid development of techniques for both experimental studies and theoretical/computational studies on food webs as well as species interactions. This reprint book is focused on food chains and food webs in aquatic ecosystems, with seven papers published in the corresponding Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The topics include empirical studies on food chains and food webs as well as effects of environmental factors on organisms in aquatic ecosystems
    Note: English
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501543 , 9783036501550
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound effects on all dimensions of life: individual, social, cultural, and public and economic health, among others. The contribution of social sciences is very relevant in understanding this disease and pandemic as well as its effects. It is also relevant for taking measures, such as, for example, compliance with physical distance, mask-wearing, no gatherings, and information to the population in a more efficient way. This book discusses topics such as COVID-19 in a risk society and its implications; the situation of patients with diabetes in a lockdown context; the technological, pedagogical, and social challenges posed by remote teaching; and, finally, the explanation of potential contributions of several specific social sciences that can shape both the taking of measures and their fulfilment in the desired direction. The book concludes with an analysis of the underlying social, psychological, and philosophical issues that are pandemic-related and that may have a considerable impact on societies and individuals, also highlighting the situation of the most disadvantaged groups, given that pandemics tend to accentuate social inequalities
    Note: English
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9783039437597 , 9783039437603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship have become a vehicle that offers solutions for social, environmental, and economic problems. Even though the level of entrepreneurial activity and its diversity have been motivated through public policies, social support has also played an important role in encouraging people to think of entrepreneurship as a desirable career choice. This book brings together analyses of those elements required for entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intention and action, which ultimately become important leverages of development. Chapters highlight the importance of rural, urban, university, organizational, and family environments for a bunch of intentions and behaviors such as green, sport, social, corporate, innovative, traditional, and gender entrepreneurship. This entrepreneurial diversity is translated into higher development through the empowerment of women, environmental consciousness, and efficient production. Policymakers, scholars, and practitioners can find different examples and cases useful for decision-making, learning, and practice in this book
    Note: English
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039431908 , 9783039431915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (744 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Carotenoids represent a large group of isoprenoid structures with many different structural characteristics and biological activities. They are the most important of the naturally occurring pigments and are responsible for the various colors of different fruits, vegetables, and plant parts. Marine carotenoids and their unique structures are responsible for the color of many fish, shellfish, and algae. However, while there have been many papers and reviews on carotenoids of terrestrial origin, there has been relatively little research conducted on the impact of marine carotenoids on human health. Recent research efforts have revealed that marine carotenoids have strong biological activity affecting human health and are candidates for nutraceuticals. This Topical Collection of Marine Drugs is dedicated to marine carotenoids, and will focus on the benefits of carotenoids for human beings. For a better understanding of the physiological effects of marine carotenoids, this collection should include the most recent developments in the presence, analysis, chemistry, and biochemistry of marine carotenoids
    Note: English
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439317 , 9783039439324
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The challenges faced by the atmospheric research community today are vast, complex, and multi-faceted. The book Urban Atmospheric Aerosols: Sources, Analysis, and Effects highlights important aspects concerning the chemical and optical properties, size distribution, sources, and potential health effects of fine urban air particles (PM2.5). The physical and chemical characterization of PM2.5, its source assignment, and the assessment of the magnitude and distribution of its emissions are crucial for establishing effective fine air particle regulations and assessing the associated risks to human health. This book brings together eight papers covering the main topics of the field and will be of interest to researchers who are interested in air quality in outdoor and indoor environments, air particle toxicity, and atmospheric chemistry, as well as global climate modelers
    Note: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439676 , 9783039439683
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: Law ; Drugs trade / drug trafficking
    Abstract: In the past three decades, a stream of criminological inquiry has emerged which explores, measures, and theorizes crimes and harms to the environment at the micro-, mezzo-, and macro-levels. This “green criminology”, as it has come to be known, has widened the criminological gaze to consider crimes and harms committed against air, land (from forests to wetlands), nonhuman animals, and water in local, regional, national, and international areas or arenas. Accordingly, green criminology has endeavored to understand the causes and consequences of air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, climate change, corporate environmental crime (e.g., illegal waste disposal), food production and distribution, resource extraction and exploitation, and wildlife trade and trafficking, while also exploring potential responses to these issues. This book seeks to introduce the green criminological perspective to a broader social science audience. Recognizing that green criminology is not the first social science to explore the phenomena and harms at the intersections of humanity and ecology, this book offers an introduction to some of the unique insights developed over nearly 30 years of green criminological thought and scholarship to students, professors, researchers, and practitioners working in the fields of anthropology, economics, environmental humanities, environmental sociology, geography, history, and political ecology. This book contains contributions from researchers in green criminology from around the world, including early- and mid-career scholars, as well as more established voices in the field—all of whom are dedicated to exposing, understanding, and ultimately hoping to thwart further environmental degradation and despoliation
    Note: English
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500089 , 9783036500096
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Over the last two decades, satellite gravimetry has become a new remote sensing technique that provides a detailed global picture of the physical structure of the Earth. With the CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE and GRACE Follow-On missions, mass distribution and mass transport in the Earth system can be systematically observed and monitored from space. A wide range of Earth science disciplines benefit from these data, enabling improvements in applied models, providing new insights into Earth system processes (e.g., monitoring the global water cycle, ice sheet and glacier melting or sea-level rise) or establishing new operational services. Long time series of mass transport data are needed to disentangle anthropogenic and natural sources of climate change impacts on the Earth system. In order to secure sustained observations on a long-term basis, space agencies and the Earth science community are currently planning future satellite gravimetry mission concepts to enable higher accuracy and better spatial and temporal resolution. This Special Issue provides examples of recent improvements in gravity observation techniques and data processing and analysis, applications in the fields of hydrology, glaciology and solid Earth based on satellite gravimetry data, as well as concepts of future satellite constellations for monitoring mass transport in the Earth system
    Note: English
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039437757 , 9783039437764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: In the computer sciences, virtual reality (VR) is usually described as a set of fancy technologies. However, in medicine and neuroscience, VR is instead defined as an advanced form of human–computer interface that allows the user to interact with and become present in a computer-generated environment. The sense of presence offered by VR makes it a powerful tool for personal change because it offers a world where the individual can stay and live a specific experience. For this reason, the use of VR in mental health shows promise: different types of research support its clinical efficacy for conditions including anxiety disorders, stress-related disorders, obesity and eating disorders, pain management, addiction, and schizophrenia. However, more research is needed to transform VR according to a clinical standard for mental health. This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in the mental health applications of VR, as well as their implications for future patient care
    Note: English
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036502847 , 9783036502854
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: The introduction of new topologies and training procedures to deep neural networks has solicited a renewed interest in the field of neural computation. The use of deep structures has significantly improved state-of-the-art applications in many fields, such as computer vision, speech and text processing, medical applications, and IoT (Internet of Things). The probability of a successful outcome from a neural network is linked to selection of an appropriate network architecture and training algorithm. Accordingly, much of the recent research on neural networks has been devoted to the study and proposal of novel architectures, including solutions tailored to specific problems. This book gives significant contributions to the above-mentioned fields by merging theoretical aspects and relevant applications
    Note: English
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439355 , 9783039439362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (285 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book includes papers published in the Special Issue titled “Coastal Dynamic and Evolution”, which aimed to collect multidisciplinary studies that involved the evaluation of coastal evolution at different temporal scales, from hours and days to months and years, as well as historical changes. The volume contains investigations carried out by means of aerial photos and satellite images, as well as results from in situ surveys and observations aimed at assessing morphological changes in shoreline and dune systems as a consequence of chronic flooding and erosion processes or the occurrence of specific weather-related events. Studies on the evaluation of past and future sea-level variations and related impacts have also been included. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview of different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Russia, Italy, California (USA), Morocco, Spain, Indonesia, Ireland and Colombia have been included in this Special Issue. The content may be of interest to those who perform a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially to researchers and academics who can exploit the provided approaches and methodologies
    Note: English
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039435333 , 9783039435340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have recently captured the interest of academics and those in industry. Cryptocurrencies are essentially digital currencies that use blockchain technology and cryptography to facilitate secure and anonymous transactions. The cryptocurrency market is currently worth over $500 billion. Many institutions and countries are starting to understand and implement the idea of cryptocurrencies in their business models. This Special Issue will provide a collection of papers from leading experts in the area of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. The topics covered in this Special Issue will include but are not limited to the following: academic research on blockchain and cryptocurrencies; industrial applications of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; applications of fintech in academia and industry; the economics of blockchain technology, and the financial analysis and risk management with cryptocurrencies
    Note: English
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500447 , 9783036500454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Silicon (Si) technologies provide an excellent platform for the design of microsystems where photonic and microelectronic functionalities are monolithically integrated on the same substrate. In recent years, a variety of passive and active Si photonic devices have been developed, and among them, photodetectors have attracted particular interest from the scientific community. Si photodiodes are typically designed to operate at visible wavelengths, but, unfortunately, their employment in the infrared (IR) range is limited due to the neglectable Si absorption over 1100 nm, even though the use of germanium (Ge) grown on Si has historically allowed operations to be extended up to 1550 nm. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved both by improving the performance of Si-based photodetectors in the visible range and by extending their operation to infrared wavelengths. Near-infrared (NIR) SiGe photodetectors have been demonstrated to have a “zero change” CMOS process flow, while the investigation of new effects and structures has shown that an all-Si approach could be a viable option to construct devices comparable with Ge technology. In addition, the capability to integrate new emerging 2D and 3D materials with Si, together with the capability of manufacturing devices at the nanometric scale, has led to the development of new device families with unexpected performance. Accordingly, this Special Issue of Micromachines seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that show the most recent advances in the field of silicon photodetectors and their respective applications
    Note: English
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439157 , 9783039439164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Biocatalysis is very appealing to the industry because it allows, in principle, the synthesis of products not accessible by chemical synthesis. Enzymes are very effective, as are precise biocatalysts, as they are enantioselective, with mild reaction conditions and green chemistry. Biocatalysis is currently widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, cosmetic industry, and textile industry. This includes enzyme production, biocatalytic process development, biotransformation, enzyme engineering, immobilization, the synthesis of fine chemicals and the recycling of biocatalysts. One of the most challenging problems in biocatalysis applications is process optimization. This Special Issue shows that an optimized biocatalysis process can provide an environmentally friendly, clean, highly efficient, low cost, and renewable process for the synthesis and production of valuable products. With further development and improvements, more biocatalysis processes may be applied in the future
    Note: English
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504766 , 9783036504773
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) certainly do not represent a newcomer to the scientific community, yet they continue to attract a strong and general interest among a vast and multifaceted range of researchers. This persistent modernity is definitely due to some peculiar characteristics of these materials, which allow researchers and engineers to play with different aspects of two worlds: organic and inorganic, crystalline and molecular, solid and liquid, cationic and anionic. A virtually infinite number of possible chemical combinations takes advantage of their layered structure to express an unrivaled collection of remarkable properties. The capture and/or release of organic and inorganic species, versatile low-cost catalytic activity, and blending with other compounds to build up a variety of hybrid composites, are just some of the many effects investigated to date. As a result, the applications encompass almost all aspects of our life, ranging from renewable energy production to water purification, including biomedical applications, gas sensing, drug delivery, and food packaging and safety. This Special Issue highlights some of the recent research lines, and shows that remarkable progress has been and is still being made in all these aspects, to allow the consideration of LDHs as one of the most interesting and versatile inorganic materials
    Note: English
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039438495 , 9783039438501
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (442 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue “Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Smart Buildings” addresses the relevant role of buildings as strategic instruments to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the overall energy system. This role of the built environment is not yet fully developed and exploited and the book content contributes to increasing the general awareness of achievable benefits. In particular, different topics are discussed, such as optimal control, innovative efficient technologies, methodological approaches, and country analysis about energy efficiency and energy flexibility potential of the built environment. The Special Issue offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments worldwide
    Note: English
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039437214 , 9783039437221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The first nonlinear optical effect was observed in the 19th century by John Kerr. Nonlinear optics, however, started to grow up only after the invention of the laser, when intense light sources became easily available. The seminal studies by Peter Franken and Nicolaas Bloembergen, in the 1960s, paved the way for the development of today’s nonlinear photonics, the field of research that encompasses all the studies, designs, and implementations of nonlinear optical devices that can be used for the generation, communication, and processing of information. This field has attracted significant attention, partly due to the great potential of exploiting the optical nonlinearities of new or advanced materials to induce new phenomena and achieve new functions. According to Clarivate Web of Science, almost 200,000 papers were published that refer to the topic “nonlinear optic*”. Over 36,000 papers were published in the last four years (2015–2018) with the same keyword, and over 17,000 used the keyword “nonlinear photonic*”. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state of the art and presenting perspectives of further development. Fundamental and applicative aspects are considered, with special attention paid to hot topics that may lead to technological and scientific breakthroughs
    Note: English
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504605 , 9783036504612
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In a rapidly changing world, it is necessary to increase the engagement of local authorities and stakeholders to make urban mobility cleaner and more sustainable. The best way is to combine great ideas and innovative measures with political support. This Special Issue consists of six articles analyzing the impact of SUMPs. Innovative measures have been proposed to change urban transport systems towards sustainability: Chinese research has analyzed the tourist flow of Tibet using innovative technologies: mobile phone data, visualizations using GIS, and social networks. Lithuanian authors proposed three autonomous car travel development concepts that should become a conceptual tool in the development of ITS and C-ITS. An English scientific paper is based on a review of local transport policy documents from 13 cities in four countries. Most cities seek to reduce car travel as a proportion of trips. Experience from Slovenia shows that the comprehensive traffic calming approach has positive effects and contributes to achieving sustainable mobility. Korean researchers used the GINI coefficient to evaluate the bus system to identify bus nodes in order of importance. The last article described that multicriteria decision-making methods have been successfully used for assessing the effectiveness of sustainable transport systems, and a universal evaluation model was proposed
    Note: English
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439379 , 9783039439386
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, titled “Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring”, includes original research works and reviews concerning the use of electronic nose technology in two of the more useful and interesting fields related to chemical compounds detection of gases. Authors have explained their latest research work, including different gas sensors and materials based on nanotechnology and novel applications of electronic noses for the detection of diverse diseases. Some reviews related to disease detection through breath analysis, odor monitoring systems standardization, and seawater quality monitoring are also included
    Note: English
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9783036500362 , 9783036500379
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Continuous research advances have been observed in the field of environmentally-friendly polymers and polymer composites due to the dependence of polymers on fossil fuels and the sustainability issues related to plastic wastes. This book compiles the most recent research works in biopolymers, their blends and composites, and the use of natural additives, such as vegetable oils and other renewable and waste-derived liquids, with their marked environmental efficiency devoted to developing novel sustainable materials. Therefore, Environmentally Friendly Polymers and Polymer Composites provides an overview to scientists of the potential of these environmentally friendly materials and helps engineers to apply these new materials for industrial purposes
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  • 29
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    ISBN: 9783036501345 , 9783036501352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Nanomaterials collects a series of original research articles providing new insight into the application of computational quantum physics and chemistry in research on nanomaterials. It illustrates the extension and diversity of the field and indicates some future directions. It provides the reader with an overall view of the latest prospects in this fast evolving and cross-disciplinary field
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  • 30
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504469 , 9783036504476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Nowadays, power electronics is an enabling technology in the energy development scenario. Furthermore, power electronics is strictly linked with several fields of technological growth, such as consumer electronics, IT and communications, electrical networks, utilities, industrial drives and robotics, and transportation and automotive sectors. Moreover, the widespread use of power electronics enables cost savings and minimization of losses in several technology applications required for sustainable economic growth. The topologies of DC–DC power converters and switching converters are under continuous development and deserve special attention to highlight the advantages and disadvantages for use increasingly oriented towards green and sustainable development. DC–DC converter topologies are developed in consideration of higher efficiency, reliable control switching strategies, and fault-tolerant configurations. Several types of switching converter topologies are involved in isolated DC–DC converter and nonisolated DC–DC converter solutions operating in hard-switching and soft-switching conditions. Switching converters have applications in a broad range of areas in both low and high power densities. The articles presented in the Special Issue titled "Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching Converters" consolidate the work on the investigation of the switching converter topology considering the technological advances offered by innovative wide-bandgap devices and performance optimization methods in control strategies used
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  • 31
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This Special Issue is devoted to some serious problems that the Fractional Calculus (FC) is currently confronted with and aims at providing some answers to the questions like “What are the fractional integrals and derivatives?”, “What are their decisive mathematical properties?”, “What fractional operators make sense in applications and why?’’, etc. In particular, the “new fractional derivatives and integrals” and the models with these fractional order operators are critically addressed. The Special Issue contains both the surveys and the research contributions. A part of the articles deals with foundations of FC that are considered from the viewpoints of the pure and applied mathematics, and the system theory. Another part of the Special issue addresses the applications of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations. Several articles devoted to the numerical treatment of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations complete the Special Issue
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  • 32
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036502441 , 9783036502458
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (426 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education
    Abstract: Continuous professional development is of great importance if one is to develop quality professional work. This book contains some of the latest research advances related to the field of Physical Education and Sports. In today's globalized world, continuous and permanent education is necessary and essential to complement the initial training and previous experience. In this book, you can find a wide range of works focused on innovative teaching methodologies and psychological variables to take into account to improve classes and training. These studies on the most forward-looking technological advances in physical activity and sports are useful for those who seek to be up-to-date on this type of research. In addition, these studies will be useful to consult regarding current lifestyle, the creation of healthy habits, the promotion of physical activity in one’s free time, and the importance of leading an active life
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783036504742 , 9783036504759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: With this book, we wish to honor the lifework of K. Alex Müller and present him with this book on the occasion of his 94th birthday. We are convinced that he will very much enjoy reading it. We would like to thank all contributors to this book, who addressed topics complementary and related to his work. The articles of the book represent the efforts in solid state physics – spanning more than 60 years – which have been groundbreaking in scientific and applied sciences. Many of the current hot topics are derived from this earlier work which has pioneered the way toward new experimental tools and/or refined techniques. From this point of view, the book presents, on one hand, a historical review and, on the other hand, a directory of possible future research
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  • 34
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    ISBN: 9783039439539 , 9783039439546
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: This book is a collection of Special Issue articles that aim to discern a people-centered pathway to solving land-based challenges in the context of land administration. It consists of 13 positively evaluated research articles. Each of the articles contributes to the large mosaic of knowledge on land methods (or tools) that are relevant to resolving land challenges that women and youths face. The book highlights 13 critical lessons on “Land, Women, Youths, and Land Tools or Methods.”
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  • 35
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503226 , 9783036503233
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry
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  • 36
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036506562 , 9783036506579
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Nanostructured zinc oxide materials are capturing a great deal of interest thanks to their outstanding and multifunctional properties, enabling broad series of intervention in the field of nanomedicine. ZnO can be easily prepared in a broad variety of shapes and shows anticancer and antimicrobial properties that are of interest for tissue engineering, controlled delivery of therapeutics, and even theranostics. This book is thus dedicated to the most recent advances in the field, presented as a collection of research papers and reviews. It spans from the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanomaterials to their applications in the nanomedicine field, ranging from anticancer nanotherapeutics to dental implants and antibacterial agents
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  • 37
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501161 , 9783036501178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Recent technological advancements, socio-economic trends, and population lifestyle modifications throughout the world indicate the need for foods with increased health benefits. The clear relationship between the food that we eat and our well-being is widely recognized. Today, foods are not only intended to satisfy hunger and provide necessary nutrients: they can also confer additional health benefits, such as preventing nutrition-related diseases and improving physical and mental well-being. This book provides a comprehensive overview of developments in the field of functional foods and food supplements. Readers will discover new food matrices as innovative natural sources of bioactive compounds endowed with health-promoting properties. Studies on chemical, technological, and nutritional characteristics of healthy food ingredients, analytical methods for monitoring their quality, and innovative formulation strategies are included
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9783039436675 , 9783039436682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Hydrogen has been an important feedstock for various industries, and its global market is already valued at hundreds of billions of dollars per year. It is also playing additional roles as a clean alternative energy carrier for power generation and as a crucial feedstock in the bioeconomy. This Special Issue “Hydrogen Production Technologies” highlights different thermochemical, electrochemical, and biological technologies such as high- and low-temperature electrolyzers, microchannel reactors, sorption-enhanced reactors, multi-tubular solar reactors, and anaerobic digestors. It also covers other aspects ranging from reactor design, hydrogen storage, and process analysis of different alternatives
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  • 39
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    ISBN: 9783036500966 , 9783036500973
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The book presents a series of articles devoted to modeling, simulation, and optimization of processes, mainly chemical. General methods for process modeling and numerical simulation are described with flowsheeting. Population balances are addressed in detail with application to crystal production; energy saving is frequently optimized, including exergy analysis. The coupling between process simulation and computational fluid dynamics is studied for air classification and bubble columns. Pressure swing adsorption, reactive distillation, and nanofiltration are explained in general and applied to particular processes. The synthesis of carbon dots is solved by the design of experiments method. A safety study addresses the consequences of gas explosion
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  • 40
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503660 , 9783036503677
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The fatigue behavior of traditional and advanced materials is a very relevant topic in different strategic applications impacting and affecting our daily lives. The present Special Issue invites papers to update readers on the state of the art on this important topic. Both review and original manuscripts are welcome. Special attention will be dedicated to innovative materials and innovative manufacturing processes or post-treatments able to improve the fatigue life and reliability of a structural component. Scale effect will be also fully treated focusing on different applications and multiscale approaches aimed at understanding structural integrity under cyclic loadings. This state of the art perspective will help engineers, designers and people from the academy gain an updated view on this very challenging topic which is nowadays very important due to the advances in manufacturing technologies that allow complex new materials to be fabricated
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  • 41
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    ISBN: 9783036501383 , 9783036501390
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue collects ten articles related to the broadly understood physical properties of intermetallic compounds. Differential thermal analysis was carried out, and the temperatures of thermal effects that arise during the reduction of neodymium from a technological salt mixture of KCl–NaCl–CaCl2–NdF3 with a magnesium–zinc alloy were established. For sol–gel products of stoichiometric MgTiO3, accurate thermal expansion coefficients were measured. The effect of various nanoparticles, such as GaF3, ZnF2, Zn(BF4)2 and Ga2O3 additions, on the activity of CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux and mechanical behavior of Al/Steel brazed joints is presented. The effect of Bi substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of Nd1-xBixMnO3 is investigated. Characteristics of hard magnetic materials based on Nd2Fe14B and Ce2Fe14B intermetallic compounds are presented. A special algorithm is presented to support vector regression for estimating the maximum magnetic entropy change of doped manganite-based compounds. We have received information about the mechanical properties of the reactively synthesized porous Ti3SiC2 compound with different apertures. Furthermore, we have presented the experimental results of Zn-doped Al-rich for fast on-board hydrogen production
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  • 42
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    ISBN: 9783039439096 , 9783039439102
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications
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  • 43
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039436439 , 9783039436446
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy
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  • 44
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039437450 , 9783039437467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Special Issue is dedicated to neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a category of malignancy that demonstrates wide clinical heterogeneity, posing major challenges in diagnosis and management. There have been significant advances in the field of NEN genomics, pathology, imaging, and treatment over the past five years. NENs are examples of rare tumours (although their incidence and prevalence are increasing) where international collaborative efforts have allowed the generation of high-level evidence to guide optimal patient-centred care. This issue presents both reviews and original papers to provide comprehensive state-of-the-art understanding of this fascinating disease
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  • 45
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039438037 , 9783039438044
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Recently, stem cells have been drawing increasing interest in basic and translational research that aims to understand stem cell biology and generate new therapies for various disorders. Many stem cells can be cultured in 2D relatively easily using tissue culture plastic. However, many of these cultures do not represent the natural conditions of stem cells in the body. In the body, microenvironments include numerous supporting cells and molecules. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have sought ideal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, which may be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures mimic the conditions of the natural environment of stem cells better, as cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics that could be beneficial for therapeutic interventions. 3D stem cell cultures may employ supporting structures, such as various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to stem cells, to support complex structures. This book brings together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cell culture techniques and also to highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications
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  • 46
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504520 , 9783036504537
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (370 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: The aim of this Special Issue of Mathematics is to commemorate the outstanding Russian mathematician Vladimir Zolotarev, whose 90th birthday will be celebrated on February 27th, 2021. The present Special Issue contains a collection of new papers by participants in sessions of the International Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models founded by Zolotarev. Along with research in probability distributions theory, limit theorems of probability theory, stochastic processes, mathematical statistics, and queuing theory, this collection contains papers dealing with applications of stochastic models in modeling of pension schemes, modeling of extreme precipitation, construction of statistical indicators of scientific publication importance, and other fields
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  • 47
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    ISBN: 9783039437672 , 9783039437689
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Arboviruses have become global threats. Common to Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Mayaro viruses is their ability to be transmitted by mosquitoes. Several strategies based on transgenics or microbiology are currently being field-tested. While this approach seems hopeful, the research community needs to focus on potential backlash from these technologies to prevent failure. The aim of the Special Issue is to cover different transmission routes that are untargeted by the newly developed strategies to foresee limitations. Here, Fontenille & Powell gave their insights on how a mosquito species becomes a global vector, Yen & Failloux presented the limitations of Wolbachia-based population replacement, Pereira-dos-Santos et al. reviewed the evidence that Aedes albopictus is an important vector, and Diagne et al. gathered information about the latest emerging arbovirus: Mayaro. Manuel et al. demonstrated that in certain conditions mosquitoes efficiently transmit Zika viruses and Rozo-Lopez et al. showed that midges vertically transmit stomatitis virus, highlighting the epidemiological significance of vertical transmission. Vector competence for secondary vectors was improved by Kosoltanapiwat et al. during entomological surveillance and by Fernandes et al. when evaluating different vector species competence for Zika viruses. Morales-Vargas et al. and Calvez et al. improved our understanding of DENV2 and DENV4 epidemiology
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9783039436873 , 9783039436880
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a very attractive research field for metallic materials because it provides new possibilities for manufacturing nanostructured materials in large quantities and allows microstructural design on different hierarchical levels. The papers included in this issue address the following topics: novel SPD processes as well as recent advancements in established processing methods, microstructure evolution and grain refinement in single- and multi-phase alloys as well as composites, strategies to enhance the microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, mechanically driven phase transformations, surface nanostructuring, gradient and multilayered materials, and mechanical and physical properties of SPD-processed materials
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  • 49
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    ISBN: 9783036506203 , 9783036506210
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: For this Special Issue book, ten papers focusing on novel bioactive molecules from different marine microorganisms, including fungi, cyanobacteria, actinobacteria and diatoms, were selected. The isolated biomolecules represent different structures and showed anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and enzyme-inhibiting activities. One of the papers is a review article on microviridins, a class of bioactive cyanobacterial peptides
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  • 50
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501802 , 9783036501819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: undefined
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  • 51
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    ISBN: 9783036502069 , 9783036502076
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The issue of Cancers Journal entitled “Role of Medical Imaging in Cancers” presents a detailed summary of evidences about molecular imaging, including the role of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT or PET/MR imaging in many type of tumors (i.e. sarcoma, prostate, breast and others), motivating the role of these imaging modalities in different setting of disease and showing the recent developments, in terms of radiopharmaceuticals, software and artificial intelligence in this field. The collection of articles is very useful for many specialists, because it has been conceived for a multidisciplinary point of view, in order to drive to a personalized medicine
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  • 52
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    ISBN: 9783036500843 , 9783036500850
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Water is necessary to produce energy, and energy is required to pump, treat, and transport water. The energy–water nexus examines the interactions between these two inextricably linked elements. This Special Issue aims to explore a single "system of systems" for the integration of energy systems. This approach considers the relationships between electricity, thermal, and fuel systems; and data and information networks in order to ensure optimal integration and interoperability across the entire spectrum of the energy system. This framework for the integration of energy systems can be adapted to evaluate the interactions between energy and water. This Special Issue focuses on the analysis of water interactions with and dependencies on the dynamics of the electricity sector and the transport sector
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  • 53
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    ISBN: 9783039439591 , 9783039439607
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Based on a fundamental understanding of the interaction between bacteria and nanomaterials, this book highlights the latest research on the antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials and provides an invaluable blueprint for improving the antimicrobial performance of devices and products. This book introduces the reader to the progress being made in the field, followed by an outline of applications in different areas. Various methods and techniques of synthesis and characterization are detailed. The content provides insight into the ongoing research, current trends, and technical challenges in this rapidly progressing field. Therefore, this book is highly suitable for materials scientists, engineers, biologists, and technologists
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  • 54
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    ISBN: 9783039435814 , 9783039435821
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    RVK:
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology ; Maschinelles Sehen
    Abstract: This book presents recent research results related to various applications of computer vision methods in the widely understood contexts of automation and robotics. As the current progress of image analysis applications may be easily observed in various areas of everyday life, it becomes one of the most essential elements of development of Industry 4.0 solutions. Some of the examples, partially discussed in individual chapters, may be related to the visual navigation of mobile robots and drones, monitoring of industrial production lines, non-destructive evaluation and testing, monitoring of the IoT devices or the 3D printing process and the quality assessment of manufactured objects, video surveillance systems, and decision support in autonomous vehicles
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  • 55
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    ISBN: 9783036501864 , 9783036501871
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book includes recent advances in the use of clays in the design of medicinal products and medicinal devices. The pharmaceutical applications of nanoclays are far ranging, because of their distinct advantages: they are versatile (possess a wide range of mechanical, chemical and physical properties) and available at reasonable costs. Some special clays (mainly kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, palygorskite and sepiolite), as well as semi-synthetic (organoclays) or synthetic (double layer hydroxides) derivatives, are very useful materials for modulating drug delivery. In the last decade, several actives have been loaded onto nanoclays and similar inorganic excipients to increase solubility, improve stability, reduce toxicity, and enhance bioavailability, with a consequent increase in therapeutic response. Polymer/clay nanocomposites with synergic properties have been developed, showing improved mechanical properties with respect to the pristine polymer matrices and allowing modified release of loaded actives. Moreover, nanoclays have very recently demonstrated positive effects on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. The development of clay-based medicinal products and medicinal devices requires experience in the fields of both clay structure and properties and pharmaceutical technology design
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  • 56
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    ISBN: 9783039437993 , 9783039438006
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Connected and automated vehicles have revolutionized the way we move, granting new services on roads. This Special Issue collects contributions that address reliable and ultra-low-latency vehicular applications that range from advancements at the access layer, such as using the visible light spectrum to accommodate ultra-low-latency applications, to data dissemination solutions. Further, articles discuss edge computing, neural network-based techniques, and the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to boost throughput and enhance coverage
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  • 57
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    ISBN: 9783039438297 , 9783039438303
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The book “Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting” is a collection of twelve papers that focus on the built environment in order to systematically collect and analyze relevant data for the energy use profile of buildings and extended for the sustainability assessment of the built environment. The contributions address historic buildings, baselines for non-residential buildings from energy performance audits, and from in-situ measurements, monitoring, and analysis of data, and verification of energy saving and model calibration for various building types. The works report on how to diagnose existing problems and identify priorities, assess, and quantify the opportunities and measures that improve the overall building performance and the environmental quality and well-being of occupants in non-residential buildings and houses. Several case studies and lessons learned from the field are presented to help the readers identify, quantify, and prioritize effective energy conservation and efficiency measures. Finally, a new urban sustainability audit and rating method of the built environment addresses the complexities of the various issues involved, providing practical tools that can be adapted to match local priorities in order to diagnose and evaluate the current state and future scenarios towards meeting specific sustainable development goals and local priorities
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  • 58
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    ISBN: 9783039437610 , 9783039437627
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a particular phenotype of non-ischemic systolic heart failure, frequently recognizing a genetic background and affecting relatively young patients with few comorbidities. Nowadays, long-term survival of DCM patients has been markedly improved due to an early diagnosis and uninterrupted and tailored follow-up under constant optimal medical and non-pharmacological evidence-based treatments. Nevertheless, DCM is still one of the most common causes of heart transplantation in the western world. Clinical management requires an integrated and systematic use of diagnostic tools and a deeper investigation of the basic mechanisms underlying the disease. However, several emerging issues remain debated. Specifically, the genotype–phenotype correlation, the role of advanced imaging techniques and genetic testing, the lack of appropriate risk stratification models, the need for a multiparametric and multidisciplinary approach for device implantation, and a continuous reclassification of the disease during follow-up remain challenging issues in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to shed the light on the most recent advancements in characterization and clinical management of DCM in order to unveil the conundrum of this particular disease
    Note: English
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  • 59
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036501321 , 9783036501338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In response to the demanding requirements of different sectors, such as construction, transportation, energy, manufacturing, and mining, new generations of microalloyed steels are being developed and brought to market. The addition of microalloying elements, such as niobium, vanadium, titanium, boron, and/or molybdenum, has become a key tool in the steel industry to reach economically-viable grades with increasingly higher mechanical strength, toughness, good formability, and weldable products. The challenges that microalloying steel production faces can be solved with a deeper understanding of the effects that these microalloying additions and combinations of them have during the different steps of the steelmaking process
    Note: English
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  • 60
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039436255 , 9783039436262
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2018) was held on 10–13 September 2018 in Athens, Greece, organized by the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, and endorsed by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. This conference has attracted a great deal of attention from international researchers in the field of high voltage engineering. This conference provided not only an excellent platform to share knowledge and experiences on high voltage engineering, but also the opportunity to present the latest achievements and different emerging challenges in power engineering, including topics related to ultra-high voltage, smart grids, and new insulation materials and their dielectric properties
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  • 61
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500126 , 9783036500133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (394 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In the current age of information explosion, newly invented technological sensors and software are now tightly integrated with our everyday lives. Many sensor processing algorithms have incorporated some forms of computational intelligence as part of their core framework in problem-solving. These algorithms have the capacity to generalize and discover knowledge for themselves and to learn new information whenever unseen data are captured. The primary aim of sensor processing is to develop techniques to interpret, understand, and act on information contained in the data. The interest of this book is in developing intelligent signal processing in order to pave the way for smart sensors. This involves the mathematical advancement of nonlinear signal processing theory and its applications that extend far beyond traditional techniques. It bridges the boundary between theory and application, developing novel theoretically inspired methodologies targeting both longstanding and emergent signal processing applications. The topics range from phishing detection to integration of terrestrial laser scanning, and from fault diagnosis to bio-inspired filtering. The book will appeal to established practitioners, along with researchers and students in the emerging field of smart sensor signal processing
    Note: English
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  • 62
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500157 , 9783036500164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue (SI) deals with different end-users’ perspectives on newly developed energy policy and technology. Although the importance of end-users’ preferences is not totally new to the energy sector, this issue needs to be urgently and consistently addressed if new policies, projects, and technologies are to be introduced successfully. The eight papers included in this SI are focused on various issues such as modeling the future energy demand, household energy consumption behavior, public perceptions of new energy technologies and projects, and ICT–energy efficiency interrelationship. Some papers also analyze end-users’ experiences with recently introduced energy technologies. Based on these eight articles with various topics, this SI will provide fruitful insights in assessing and forecasting the evolution of the future energy sector. I hope this SI can contribute to the increase in communication and cooperation among academic researchers as well as practitioners in energy fields
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  • 63
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039438471 , 9783039438488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: According to the presented studies, the health condition of animals in rearing and breeding should be regularly monitored. This would allow early detection of delicate deviations in the body of clinically healthy individuals. Unfortunately, regular monitoring of the health of animals in commercial production is not performed. It follows that this type of research should be an introduction to further, more inquisitive steps. This can form the basis for further courses of action, indicating which organs or tissues field doctors or researchers should be interested in and what to pay attention to in order to find the correct answer, concerning the situation in the animal body. In the future, we should determine biomedical markers for use in precision veterinary medicine. In human medicine, this has been practiced with great success. The problem, however, is that we are getting to know more and more substances produced by mold fungi. This causes a build-up of new interpretative problems, causing health conditions (diagnosis), as well as analytical problems. To fully understand the results we need new techniques to assess toxicological and chemical hazards, including those related to undesirable substances. We need a solid knowledge of the biological pathways underlying the toxicity and tolerance to interference factors toxicological processes. We hope that the presented study will allow for a better understanding of mycotoxicoses that bother us and our animals, which will allow for more effective preventive actions
    Note: English
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  • 64
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039435579 , 9783039435586
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: A wide variety of technologies and products have already become widespread in our society. However, policies have not been well-implemented to effectively reduce energy consumptions and CO2 emissions by promoting low-carbon technologies and products. This Special Issue focuses on studies targeting specific products (e.g., motor vehicle, household dishwashers, etc.) and/or technologies (e.g., information and communication technology, transport technology, CO2 capture technology, etc.) and quantifying resource and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions associated with products and technology systems using the reliable inventory database. Thus, this Special Issue provides important studies on how demand- and supply-side policies can contribute to reducing energy consumptions and CO2 emissions from consumption- and production-based perspectives
    Note: English
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  • 65
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    ISBN: 9783039434930 , 9783039434947
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Mathematical modelling in biomedicine is a rapidly developing scientific discipline at the intersection of medicine, biology, mathematics, physics, and computer science. Its progress is stimulated by fundamental scientific questions and by the applications to public health. This book represents a collection of papers devoted to mathematical modelling of various physiological problems in normal and pathological conditions. It covers a broad range of topics including cardiovascular system and diseases, heart and brain modelling, tumor growth, viral infections, and immune response. Computational models of blood circulation are used to study the influence of heart arrhythmias on coronary blood flow and on operating modes for left-ventricle-assisted devices. Wave propagation in the cardiac tissue is investigated in order to show the influence of tissue heterogeneity and fibrosis. The models of tumor growth are used to determine optimal protocols of antiangiogenic and radiotherapy. The models of viral hepatitis kinetics are considered for the parameter identification, and the evolution of viral quasi-species is investigated. The book presents the state-of-the-art in mathematical modelling in biomedicine and opens new perspectives in this passionate field of research
    Note: English
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  • 66
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    ISBN: 9783036501468 , 9783036501475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (418 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Viruses exhibit an elegant simplicity as they are so basic, but so frightening. Although only a few are life threatening, they have substantial implications for human health and the economy, as exemplified by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Viruses are rather small infectious agents found in all types of life forms, from animals and plants to prokaryotes and archaebacteria. They are obligate intracellular parasites, and as such, subvert many molecular and cellular processes of the host cell to ensure their own replication, amplification, and subsequent spread. This Special Issue addresses the cell biology of viral infections based on a collection of original research articles, communications, opinions, and reviews on various aspects of virus–host cell interactions. Together, these articles not only provide a glance into the latest research on the cell biology of viral infections but also include novel technological developments
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039435753 , 9783039435760
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Genealogy explores the topic of “Intergenerational Trauma and Healing”. Authors examine the ways in which traumas (individual or group, and affecting humans and non-humans) that occurred in past generations reverberate into the present and how individuals, communities, and nations respond to and address those traumas. Authors also explore contemporary traumas, how they reflect ancestral traumas, and how they are being addressed through drawing on both contemporary and ancestral healing approaches. The articles define trauma broadly, including removal from homelands, ecocide, genocide, sexual or gendered violence, institutionalized and direct racism, incarceration, and exploitation, and across a wide range of spatial (home to nation) and temporal (intergenerational/ancestral and contemporary) scales. Articles also approach healing in an expansive mode, including specific individual healing practices, community-based initiatives, class-action lawsuits, group-wide reparations, health interventions, cultural approaches, and transformative legal or policy decisions. Contributing scholars for this issue are from across disciplines (including ethnic studies, genetics, political science, law, environmental policy, public health, humanities, etc.). They consider trauma and its ramifications alongside diverse mechanisms of healing and/or rearticulating self, community, and nation
    Note: English
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  • 68
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036502144 , 9783036502151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps
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  • 69
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    ISBN: 9783036500027 , 9783036500034
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This special issue provides a current snapshot of recent advances and ongoing challenges in the development of titanium alloys for biomedical implants and devices. Titanium offers significant advantages over other materials including higher strength and better biocompatibility. This issue highlights current trends and recent developments, including the uptake of additive manufacturing (3D printing), and approaches to improve processing and performance of titanium alloys for medical applications
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  • 70
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    ISBN: 9783039439812 , 9783039439829
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In geodesy and geoinformation science, as well as in many other technical disciplines, it is often not possible to directly determine the desired target quantities. Therefore, the unknown parameters must be linked with the measured values by a mathematical model which consists of the functional and the stochastic models. The functional model describes the geometrical–physical relationship between the measurements and the unknown parameters. This relationship is sufficiently well known for most applications. With regard to the stochastic model, two problem domains of fundamental importance arise: 1. How can stochastic models be set up as realistically as possible for the various geodetic observation methods and sensor systems? 2. How can the stochastic information be adequately considered in appropriate least squares adjustment models? Further questions include the interpretation of the stochastic properties of the computed target values with regard to precision and reliability and the use of the results for the detection of outliers in the input data (measurements). In this Special Issue, current research results on these general questions are presented in ten peer-reviewed articles. The basic findings can be applied to all technical scientific fields where measurements are used for the determination of parameters to describe geometric or physical phenomena
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9783039368907 , 9783039368914
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Flooding is widely recognized as a global threat, due to the extent and magnitude of damage it causes around the world each year. Reducing flood risk and improving flood resilience are two closely related aspects of flood management. This book presents the latest advances in flood risk and resilience management on the following themes: hazard and risk analysis, flood behaviour analysis, assessment frameworks and metrics and intervention strategies. It can help the reader to understand the current challenges in flood management and the development of sustainable flood management interventions to reduce the social, economic and environmental consequences from flooding
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  • 72
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    ISBN: 9783039436859 , 9783039436866
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: After our successful first Special Issue about bladder cancer, we proceeded with the second issue. Again, many international scientists submitted their newest research results in that extremely interesting field and followed our call for submissions. It is not only the collection and combination of old and new markers that could develop new possibilities, but also the focus on different classifications and sub-classifications that will unveil new ways in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It seems that the two established diagnostic tools will still play an important role, but new markers and diagnostics tools will present more detailed and more differentiated possibilities in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer. This second Special Issue is full of scientific results that could provide new ways to help patients with instruments for early diagnostics and with predictive and prognostic markers on their way to finding new and personalized strategies for therapy. The editors thank all of the submitting authors for their efforts and time spent on each manuscript. We hope that this Special Issue will prove useful to research work in bladder cancer in the future. We hope that many talented researchers will use multiple forms of art to improve their professional successes and to ameliorate diagnostics and therapy in bladder cancer
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  • 73
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    ISBN: 9783036501109 , 9783036501116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: - Water resources management should be assessed under climate change conditions, as historic data cannot replicate future climatic conditions. - Climate change impacts on water resources are bound to affect all water uses, i.e., irrigated agriculture, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, and environmental flow (of streams and rivers) and water level (of lakes). - Bottom-up approaches, i.e., the forcing of hydrologic simulation models with climate change models’ outputs, are the most common engineering practices and considered as climate-resilient water management approaches. - Hydrologic simulations forced by climate change scenarios derived from regional climate models (RCMs) can provide accurate assessments of the future water regime at basin scales. - Irrigated agriculture requires special attention as it is the principal water consumer and alterations of both precipitation and temperature patterns will directly affect agriculture yields and incomes. - Integrated water resources management (IWRM) requires multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, with climate change to be an emerging cornerstone in the IWRM concept
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  • 74
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500263 , 9783036500270
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Language ; English language teaching (ELT)
    Abstract: In the last decade, we have witnessed the rapid development of electronic technologies that are transforming our daily lives. Such technologies are often integrated with various sensors that facilitate the collection of human motion and physiological data and are equipped with wireless communication modules such as Bluetooth, radio frequency identification, and near-field communication. In smart healthcare applications, designing ergonomic and intuitive human–computer interfaces is crucial because a system that is not easy to use will create a huge obstacle to adoption and may significantly reduce the efficacy of the solution. Signal and data processing is another important consideration in smart healthcare applications because it must ensure high accuracy with a high level of confidence in order for the applications to be useful for clinicians in making diagnosis and treatment decisions. This Special Issue is a collection of 10 articles selected from a total of 26 contributions. These contributions span the areas of signal processing and smart healthcare systems mostly contributed by authors from Europe, including Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, and Netherlands. Authors from China, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Ecuador are also included
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  • 75
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    ISBN: 9783039368068 , 9783039368075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue is a platform to fill the gaps in drought risk analysis with field experience and expertise. It covers (1) robust index development for effective drought monitoring; (2) risk analysis framework development and early warning systems; (3) impact investigations on hydrological and agricultural sectors; (4) environmental change impact analyses. The articles in the Special Issue cover a wide geographic range, across China, Taiwan, Korea, and the Indo-China peninsula, which covers many contrasting climate conditions. Hence, the results have global implications: the data, analysis/modeling, methodologies, and conclusions lay a solid foundation for enhancing our scientific knowledge of drought mechanisms and relationships to various environmental conditions
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  • 76
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    ISBN: 9783039436293 , 9783039436309
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book is composed of 6 papers. The first paper reports a novel technique for the selective emitter formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. Selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In the second paper, the temperature dependence of the parameters was compared through the PERC of the industrial-scale solar cells. As a result of their analysis, PERC cells showed different temperature dependence for the fill factor loss as temperatures rose. The third paper reports the effects of carrier selective front contact layer and defect state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer/n-type crystalline silicon interface. The results demonstrated the effects of band offset determined by band bending at the interface of the passivation layer and carrier selective front contact layer. In addition, the nc-SiOx: H CSFC layer not only reduces parasitic absorption loss but also has a tunneling effect and field-effect passivation. The fourth paper reports excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon film for TOPCon solar cell application. This paper analyzes the crystallization of a-Si:H via excimer laser annealing (ELA) and compared this process with conventional thermal annealing. The fifth paper reports the contact mechanism between Ag–Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) by varying the firing profile. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. The sixth paper reports a silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell based on a ZnO/Cu2O subcell and a c-Si bottom subcell using electro-optical numerical modeling. The buffer layer affinity and mobility together with a low conduction band offset for the heterojunction are discussed, as well as spectral properties of the device model
    Note: English
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  • 77
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    ISBN: 9783039438716 , 9783039438723
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The only effective and safe treatment of celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong, strict exclusion of gluten, the so-called gluten-free diet (GFD). As a consequence, strict adherence to the GFD is highly successful and useful to achieve optimal control of symptoms in celiac patients, although, sometimes, nutritional problems can persist despite a strict exclusion of gluten. However, following a strict GFD is not easy and an updated quality assessment of available products is needed for further improvement in gluten-free product development. Similar to CD, GFD is the common dietary approach in non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS). NCGWS is another common gluten-related disorder without the diagnostic features of CD. Increasing interest in the association and interaction between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and gluten-related disorders can expand our knowledge and understanding of the management of these disorders. In this respect, GFD is considered a therapeutic option in IBS and functional digestive disorders. New insights into the GFD are an exciting scientific challenge for researchers
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  • 78
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    ISBN: 9783039362080 , 9783039362097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In the last few years, the leading semiconductor industries have introduced multi-gate non-planar transistors into their core business. These are being applied in memories and in logical integrated circuits to achieve better integration on the chip, increased performance, and reduced energy consumption. Intense research is underway to develop these devices further and to address their limitations, in order to continue transistor scaling while further improving performance. This Special Issue looks at recent developments in the field of nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs), covering different aspects of the technology, physics, and modelling of these nanoscale devices
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    ISBN: 9783036501963 , 9783036501970
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (418 p.)
    Keywords: Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics)
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers for the Special Issue “Quantitative Methods for Economics and Finance” of the journal Mathematics. This Special Issue reflects on the latest developments in different fields of economics and finance where mathematics plays a significant role. The book gathers 19 papers on topics such as volatility clusters and volatility dynamic, forecasting, stocks, indexes, cryptocurrencies and commodities, trade agreements, the relationship between volume and price, trading strategies, efficiency, regression, utility models, fraud prediction, or intertemporal choice
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  • 80
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    ISBN: 9783039436194 , 9783039436200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (652 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: In recent years, people have tended to adjust the degree of order/disorder to explore new materials. The degree of order/disorder can be measured by entropy, and it can be divided into two parts: topological disordering and chemical disordering. The former mainly refers to order in the spatial configuration, e.g., amorphous alloys which show short-range ordering but without long-range ordering, while the latter mainly refers to the order in the chemical occupancy, that is to say, the components can replace each other, and typical representatives are high-entropy alloy (HEAs). HEAs, in sharp contrast to traditional alloys based on one or two principal elements, have one striking characteristic: their unusually high entropy of mixing. They have not received much noticed until the review paper entitled “Microstructure and Properties of High-Entropy Alloys” was published in 2014 in the journal of Progress in Materials Science. Numerous reports have shown they exhibit five recognized performance characteristics, namely, strength–plasticity trade-off breaking, irradiation tolerance, corrosion resistance, high-impact toughness within a wider temperature range, and high thermal stability. So far, the development of HEAs has gone through three main stages: 1. Quinary equal-atomic single-phase solid solution alloys; 2. Quaternary or quinary non-equal-atomic multiphase alloys; 3. Medium-entropy alloys, high-entropy fibers, high-entropy films, lightweight HEAs, etc. Nowadays, more in-depth research on high-entropy alloys is urgently needed
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  • 81
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    ISBN: 9783039438877 , 9783039438884
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (504 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The present book is devoted to all aspects of biosensing in a very broad definition, including, but not limited to, biomolecular composition used in biosensors (e.g., biocatalytic enzymes, DNAzymes, abiotic nanospecies with biocatalytic features, bioreceptors, DNA/RNA, aptasensors, etc.), physical signal transduction mechanisms (e.g., electrochemical, optical, magnetic, etc.), engineering of different biosensing platforms, operation of biosensors in vitro and in vivo (implantable or wearable devices), self-powered biosensors, etc. The biosensors can be represented with analogue devices measuring concentrations of analytes and binary devices operating in the YES/NO format, possibly with logical processing of input signals. Furthermore, the book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to the field, while providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references
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  • 82
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    ISBN: 9783039438938 , 9783039438945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: It is well known that 55% of the world’s population currently lives in urban areas, and this figure is predicted to grow to 68% by 2050, adding more than 2.5 billion people to urban populations. It is also projected that there will be 43 megacities worldwide by 2030, with populations of more than 10 million inhabitants. The United Nations World Water Development Report, 2018, warned that by 2030, the global demand for fresh water is likely to exceed supply by 40%. Added to population growth, climate change has the potential to lead to changes in rainfall regimes, with the potential of increased flooding and drought. Currently, 1.2 billion people are at risk from flooding, but this is predicted to increase to about 1.6 billion, i.e., nearly 20% of the total world population, by 2050. In line with this, replacing deteriorating water management infrastructure that can no longer cope is economically unfeasible, impracticable from a construction point of view, and likely to fail in the long term. To address these issues, approaches are needed that are flexible and have multiple benefits. In its World Water Development Report, 2018, the UN promotes the use of nature-based solutions to some of these problems, with the focus of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (making sure that everyone has access to a safe and affordable supply of potable water and sanitation by 2030) requiring investment in suitable infrastructure across the world. This Special Issue covers the challenges faced in managing urban water in all its forms, from potable supplies to reuse and harvesting, as well as resilient and sustainable approaches developed to address flooding and drought
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  • 83
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    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439232 , 9783039439249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pursuing a scalable production methodology for materials and advancing it from the laboratory to industry is beneficial to novel daily-life applications. From this perspective, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers a compromise between efficiency, controllability, tunability and excellent run-to-run repeatability in the coverage of monolayers on substrates. Hence, CVD meets all of the requirements for industrialization in basically all areas, including polymer coatings, metals, water-filtration systems, solar cells and so on. The Special Issue “Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition” is dedicated to providing an overview of the latest experimental findings and identifying the growth parameters and characteristics of perovskites, TiO2, Al2O3, VO2 and V2O5 with desired qualities for potentially useful devices
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9783036500621 , 9783036500638
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Efforts to miniaturize sensing and diagnostic devices and to integrate multiple functions into one device have caused massive growth in the field of microfluidics and this integration is now recognized as an important feature of most new diagnostic approaches. These approaches have and continue to change the field of biosensing and diagnostics. In this Special Issue, we present a small collection of works describing microfluidics with applications in biosensing and diagnostics
    Note: English
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504025 , 9783036504032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Business strategy
    Abstract: This book consists of a series of articles that present novel trends in horticulture marketing and some of the key supply chain management issues for the horticulture industry across a wide range of geographical regions
    Note: English
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500768 , 9783036500775
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The demands on innovative materials given by the ever-increasing requirements of contemporary industry require the use of high-performance engineering materials. The properties of materials and alloys are a result of their structures, which can primarily be affected by the preparation/production process. However, the production of materials featuring high levels of the required properties without the necessity to use costly alloying elements or time- and money-demanding heat treatment technologies typically used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials (especially specific strength) still remains a challenge. The introduction of thermomechanical treatment represented a breakthrough in grain refinement, consequently leading to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Contrary to conventional production technologies, the main advantage of such treatment is the possibility to precisely control structural phenomena that affect the final mechanical and utility properties. Thermomechanical treatment can only decrease the grain size to the scale of microns. However, further research devoted to pushing materials’ performance beyond the limits led to the introduction of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods providing producers with the ability to acquire ultra-fine-grained and nanoscaled metallic materials with superior mechanical properties. SPD methods can be performed with the help of conventional forming equipment; however, many newly designed processes have also been introduced
    Note: English
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039438235 , 9783039438242
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change
    Note: English
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9783036502267 , 9783036502274
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The papers published in this Special Issue “WP3—Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability” bring together some of the latest research results in the field of biomass valorization and the process of energy production and climate change and other areas relevant to energetic sustainability [1–20]. Moreover, several works address the very important topic of evaluating the safety aspects for energy plant use [21–24]. Responses to our call generated the following statistics:• Submissions (21);• Publications (15);• Rejections (6);• Article types: research articles (13), reviews (2). Of the submitted papers, 15 have been successfully published as articles. Reviewing and selecting the papers for this Special Issue was very inspiring and rewarding. We also thank the editorial staff and reviewers for their efforts and help during the process. For better comprehension, the contributions to this Special Issue are divided into sections, as follows
    Note: English
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036500720 , 9783036500737
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: A heat pump system can produce an amount of heat energy that is greater than the amount of energy used to run the heat pump system. Thus, a heat pump system is considered to be a machine system that can use energies efficiently, as is the load leveling air-conditioning system utilizing unutilized energies at high levels. Adaptations of gas turbines for industrial, utility, and marine-propulsion applications have long been accepted as means for generating power with high efficiency and ease of maintenance. Cogeneration with gas turbine is frequently defined as the sequential production of useful thermal energy and shaft power from a single energy source. For applications that generate electricity, the power can either be used internally or supplied to the utility grid. This Special Issue intends to provide an overviews of the existing knowledge related with various aspects of “Small-Scale Energy Systems with Gas Turbines and Heat Pumps”, and contributions on, but not limited to the following subjects were encouraged: wake of stator vane to improve sealing effectiveness; gas turbine cycle with external combustion chamber for prosumer and distributed energy systems; computational simulation of gas turbine engine operating with different blends of biodiesel; experimental methodology and facility for the engine performance and emissions evaluation using jet and biodiesel blends; experimental analysis of an air heat pump for heating service; hybrid fuel cell-Brayton cycle for combined heat and power; design analysis of micro gas turbines in closed cycles. Seven papers were published in the Special Issue out of a total of 12 submitted
    Note: English
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504148 , 9783036504155
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Movement and locomotion have always been key activities for all animals, being related to the most crucial life functions: retrieving food, facing environmental issues and mating. Humans developed complex upper arms movements and bipedal gaits in order to move and locomote. To enhance their performance, they started inventing smart passive mechanical tools. This need arose from intrinsic limitations of their muscle–joint–bone systems and metabolic power availability. Newly invented devices were mainly introduced in order to cope with such constraints. The aim of this Special Issue is to advance knowledge regarding symmetry, biomechanics and energetics of passively assisted human movement and locomotion
    Note: English
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504100 , 9783036504117
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book comprises components associated with smart water which aims at the exploitation and building of more sustainable and technological water networks towards the water–energy nexus and system efficiency. The implementation of modeling frameworks for measuring the performance based on a set of relevant indicators and data applications and model interfaces provides better support for decisions towards greater sustainability and more flexible and safer solutions. The hydraulic, management, and structural models represent the most effective and viable way to predict the behavior of the water networks under a wide range of conditions of demand and system failures. The knowledge of reliable parameters is crucial to develop approach models and, therefore, positive decisions in real time to be implemented in smart water systems. On the other hand, the models of operation in real-time optimization allow us to extend decisions to smart water systems in order to improve the efficiency of the water network and ensure more reliable and flexible operations, maximizing cost, environmental, and social savings associated with losses or failures. The data obtained in real time instantly update the network model towards digital water models, showing the characteristic parameters of pumps, valves, pressures, and flows, as well as hours of operation towards the lowest operating costs, in order to meet the requirement objectives for an efficient system
    Note: English
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039436712 , 9783039436729
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue addresses relations between tourism activities, smart specialization strategies, and sustainable development at different territorial levels, including the local, regional, national, and international. Framed by appropriate conceptual frameworks to define the contemporary dynamics of innovation in tourism, case studies supported by advanced quantitative methods and developed in rural and urban areas of Asia, Europe, and Africa are presented and discussed. The concept of smart specialization inspires the formulation of regional innovation policies and strategies, emphasizing the importance of endogenous resources and existing territorial capabilities. By exploring the diversity and variety of each economy to develop inter-sectoral relations, this approach aims at promoting the creation of spillover effects of innovation processes supported by adequate key enabling technologies, potentially leading to the sustainable development of places, regions, and countries. As an activity that mobilizes contributions from different economic sectors, tourism may play a central role in such strategies. As described and discussed in this Special Issue, aspects related to the creative sectors of economies, information and communication technologies, traditional products and lifestyles, food production, or diverse cultural values can be mobilized to generate innovative and sustainable solutions for tourism development
    Note: English
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039434978 , 9783039434985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: Religion & beliefs
    Abstract: The most violent American and European anti-Semites in the 21st century, including not only Jihadists but also white (and black) supremacist terrorist, made some reference to religion in their hatred of Jews. This is surprising. Religious antisemitism is often seen as a relic of the past. It is more associated with pre-modern societies where the role of religion was central to social and political order. However, at the end of the 19th century, animosity against Judaism gave way to nationalistic and racist motives. People, such as Wilhelm Marr, called themselves anti-Semites to distinguish themselves from those who despised Jews for religious reasons. Since then, antisemitism has gone through many mutations. However, today, it is not only the actions of extremely violent anti-Semites who might be an indication that religious antisemitism has come back in new forms. Some churches have been accused of disseminating antisemitic arguments related to ideas of replacement theology in modernized forms and applied to the Jewish State. Others, from the populist nationalist right, seem to use Christianity as an identity marker and thus exclude Jews (and Muslims) from the nation. Do religious motifs play a significant role in the resurgence of antisemitism in the 21st century?
    Note: English
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039436354 , 9783039436361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Women and men have probably never been concerned as much by their health as during this COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, lifestyle habits continue to be promoted as allies for daily prevention against diseases. This is valid also for metabolic diseases, among which many affect the liver and are risk factors for aggravating the disease course of COVID-19. In fact, liver diseases are currently a major global health problem. There is a huge range of liver diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic condition, which in some patients progresses to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, substantial efforts are being made to better understand NAFLD, especially, because there is no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacological therapy. To explore this disease, metabolomics is the most recently developed omics technology after genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Metabolomics is the large-scale analysis of molecules, known as metabolites that are intermediate or end products of metabolism found within cells, tissues, and biofluids. This technology has a very high potential to identify biomarker candidates for the future development of new therapeutics. The book features articles that address metabolomics technology and its use to document different liver functions and dysfunctions, with a major focus on NAFLD
    Note: English
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039435432 , 9783039435449
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Coatings based on hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates have a significant relevance in several research fields, such as biomaterials, cultural heritage, and water treatment, due to their characteristic properties. Hydroxyapatite can easily accommodate foreign ions, which can either be incorporated into the lattice, thanks to its specific lattice characteristics, or be adsorbed onto its surface. All these substitutions significantly alter the morphology, lattice parameters, and crystallinity of hydroxyapatite so they influence its main properties. These ion substitutions can be sought or can derive from substrate contaminations, which is an important aspect to be evaluated. Finally, this capability can be used to obtain hydroxyapatites with specific properties, such as antibacterial characteristics, among others. For these reasons, the aim of this Special Issue is to document current advances in the field of ion-substituted hydroxyapatites and highlight possible future perspectives regarding their use. Contributions in the form of original articles and review articles are presented, covering different areas of application
    Note: English
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9783039438396 , 9783039438402
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Abstract: This Special Issue contributes to the debate on land grabbing as commons grabbing with a special focus on how the development of state institutions (formal laws and regulations for agrarian development and compensations) and voluntary corporate social responsibility (CRS) initiatives have enabled the grabbing process. It also looks at how these institutions and CSR programs are used as development strategies of states and companies to legitimate their investments. This Special Issue includes case studies from Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania, Cambodia, Bolivia and Ecuador analysing how these strategies are embedded into neo-liberal ideologies of economic development. We propose looking at James Ferguson’s notion of the Anti-Politics Machine (1990) that served to uncover the hidden political basis of state-driven development strategies. We think it is of interest to test the approach for analysing development discourses and CSR-policies in agrarian investments. We argue based on a New Institutional Political Ecology (NIPE) approach that these legitimize the institutional change from common to state and private property of land and land related common pool resources which is the basis of commons grabbing that also grabbed the capacity for resilience of local people
    Note: English
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504582 , 9783036504599
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Psychology
    Abstract: The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to deliver psychological services has been emerging as an effective way of increasing individual access to mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. This Special Issue brings together different contributions focusing on the acceptability and feasibility, (cost-)effectiveness, potentialities, and limitations of ICT-based psychological services for mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. In each paper, the implications for the implementation of ICT tools in different settings (e.g., primary care services) and for future research are discussed
    Note: English
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036504308 , 9783036504315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Noncovalent interactions are the bridge between ideal gas abstraction and the real world. For a long time, they were covered by two terms: van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding. Both experimental and quantum chemical studies have contributed to our understanding of the nature of these interactions. In the last decade, great progress has been made in identifying, quantifying, and visualizing noncovalent interactions. New types of interactions have been classified—their energetic and spatial properties have been tabulated. In the past, most studies were limited to analyzing the single strongest interaction in the molecular system under consideration, which is responsible for the most important structural properties of the system. Despite this limitation, such an approach often results in satisfactory approximations of experimental data. However, this requires knowledge of the structure of the molecular system and the absence of other competing interactions. The current challenge is to go beyond this limitation. This Special Issue collects ideas on how to study the interplay of noncovalent interactions in complex molecular systems including the effects of cooperation and anti-cooperation, solvation, reaction field, steric hindrance, intermolecular dynamics, and other weak but numerous impacts on molecular conformation, chemical reactivity, and condensed matter structure
    Note: English
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036503141 , 9783036503158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue is a collection of twelve papers on the design and application of biomedical circuits and systems. We hope you enjoy reading this Special Issue and become inspired to address technological challenges toward helping the medical industry and biologists to increase the quality of life for humans, which is the main objective. Several topics have been highlighted: muscle electrostimulation, analog front-end (AFE) circuits, waveform generators, real-time velocimetry estimators, interference suppression, bio-signal encryption, IoT electronic nose, ultrasound image processing, noise in medical imaging, elbow actuators, and aids for visually impaired people. We are conscious about the very wide scope of biomedical circuits and systems applications, and that our contribution represents only a grain of sand, though we expect to be useful in contributing to the progress of knowledge in the field
    Note: English
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783039439331 , 9783039439348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation
    Note: English
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