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  • 2025-2025
  • 1985-1989  (61)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (61)
  • Linguistics  (38)
  • Humanities  (23)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Ethics ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Practical Problems -- Cybernetics, Culpability, and Risk: Automatic Launch and Accidental War -- Catastrophic Possibilities of Space-Based Defense -- Judgment and Policy: The Two-Step in Mandated Science and Technology -- II Historical Dimensions -- Skull’s Darkroom: The Camera Obscura and Subjectivity -- Workplace Democracy for Teachers: John Dewey’s Contribution -- Doing and Making in a Democracy: Dewey’s Experience of Technology -- Pragmatism, Praxis, and the Technological -- III International and Intergenerational Perspectives -- Philosophy of Technology in China -- Design Methodology: A Personal Statement -- Responsibility and Future Generations: A Constructivist Model -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The corps of philosophers who make up the Society for Philosophy & Technology has now been collaborating, in one fashion or another, for almost fifteen years. In addition, the number of philosophers, world-wide, who have begun to focus their analytical skills on technology and related social problems grows increasingly every year. {It would certainly swell the ranks if all of them joined the Society!) It seems more than ap­ propriate, in this context, to publish a miscellaneous volume that em­ phasizes the extraordinary range and diversity of contemporary contribu­ tions to the philosophical understanding of the exceedingly complex phenomenon that is modern technology. My thanks, once again, to the anonymous referees who do so much to maintain standards for the series. And thanks also to the secretaries - Mary Imperatore and Dorothy Milsom - in the Philosophy Department at the University of Delaware; their typing and retyping of the MSS, and especially notes and references, also contributes to keeping our standards high. PAUL T. DURBIN vii Paul T. Durbin (ed.), Philosophy ofT echnology, p. vii.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400909557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 9
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    Keywords: Translators (Computer programs) ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Abstract: Introduction: Learnability and Linguistic Theory -- Learning Theory and Natural Language -- The Plausibility of Rationalism -- On Applying Learnability Theory to the Rationalism-Empiricism Controversy -- On Certain Substitutes for Negative Data -- Markedness and Language Development -- Learning the Periphery -- Some Problems in the Parametric Analysis of Learnability -- From Cognition to Thematic Roles: The Projection Principle as an Acquisition Mechanism -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The impetus for this volume developed from the 1982 University of Western Ontario Learnability Workshop, which was organized by the editors and sponsored by that University's Department of Philosophy and the Centre for Cognitive Science. The volume e~plores the import of learnability theory for contemporary linguistic theory, focusing on foundational learning-theoretic issues associated with the parametrized Government-Binding (G-B) framework. Written by prominent re­ searchers in the field, all but two of the eight contributions are pre­ viously unpublished. The editor's introduction provides an overview that interrelates the separate papers and elucidates the foundational issues addressed by the volume. Osherson, Stob, and Weinstein's "Learning Theory and Natural Language" first appeared in Cognition (1984); Matthews's "The Plausi­ bility of Rationalism" was published in the Journal of Philosophy (1984). The editors would like to thank the publishers for permission to reprint these papers. Mr. Marin Marinov assisted with the preparation of the indices for the volume. VB ROBERT 1. MATTHEWS INTRODUCTION: LEARNABILITY AND LINGUISTIC THEORY 1. INTRODUCTION Formal learning theory, as the name suggests, studies the learnability of different classes of formal objects (languages, grammars, theories, etc.) under different formal models of learning. The specification of such a model, which specifies (a) a learning environment, (b) a learn­ ing strategy, and (c) a criterion for successful learning, determines (d) a class of formal objects, namely, the class that can be acquired to the level of the specified success criterion by a learner implementing the specified strategy in the specified enviroment.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400922976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 115
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 115
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Discourses of the Island -- Discourses of the Nerve -- Experiment and Fiction -- Hypotyposes -- The Mythological Transformations of Renaissance Science: Physical Allegory and the Crisis of Alchemical Narrative -- “What Ever Happened to Ethics?” -- Nature as Construct -- “Observe how healthily — how calmly I can tell you the whole story”: Moral Insanity and Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ -- Conceptualizing Technology in Literary Terms: Some American Examples -- Literature and the Authority of Technology -- “A Place to Step Further”: Jack Spicer’s Quantum Poetics -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: On the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Boston Studies series in 1985, Cohen, Elkana, and Wartofsky wrote in another preface such as this that the time had come for establishing institutions supporting a vision to which the series had been devoted since its inception, namely that of a more broadly conceived, interdisciplinary study of the history and philosophy of science: In recent years it has become evident that, in addition to serious and competent disciplinary work on the specifics of the History of Science, the Philosophy of Science and the Sociology of Science, there is now a growing need to develop a problem­ oriented approach which no longer distinguishes between these three specialties in a cut and dried way. Since the time has come for such an approach, the institutional tools should be provided. A way to do so would be . . . to organize colloquia and to publish good papers stemming from these, without attempting to organize the papers under the separate rubrics of History of Philosophy or Sociology of Science; and moreover to consider it natural that any fundamental issue of the foundations of the sciences, or their place in a culture and the way they are institutionalized in the societal web, is still our concern, no matter whether we are a professional scientist, historian or philosopher who deals with the problem (p. vii).
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: The Null Subject Parameter and Parametric Theory -- Arbitrary Null Objects and Unselective Binding -- Anaphoric AGR -- Two Italian Dialects and the Null Subject Parameter -- On the Notion “Null Anaphor” in Chamorro -- Pro-Drop in Chinese: A Generalized Control Theory -- The Null Subject Parameter in Language Acquisition -- Null Subjects and Clitic Climbing -- The Null Subject Parameter in Modern Arabic Dialects -- Prepositional Infinitival Constructions in European Portuguese -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Languages.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925427
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 1 A Selective History of Modern Binding Theory -- 2 The Logical Structure of Reciprocal Sentences in English -- 3 Complement Object Deletion -- 4 Remarks on Coreference -- 5 Disjoint Reference and Wh-Trace -- 6 On Two Recent Treatments of Disjoint Reference -- 7 A Note on Illicit NP Movement -- 8 A Note on Anaphora and Double Objects -- 9 On the Necessity of Binding Conditions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The articles collected in this book are concerned with the treatment of anaphora within generative grammar, specifically, within Chomsky's 'Ex­ tended Standard Theory' (EST). Since the inception of this theory, and virtually since the inception of generative grammar, anaphora has been a central topic of investigation. In current research, it has, perhaps, become even more central, as a major focus of study in such areas as syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, and language acquisition. Beginning in the early 1970's, and continuing to the present, Chomsky has developed a comprehensive syntactic theory of anaphora. The articles here are all related to stages in the development of that theory, and can best be understood in relation to that development. For that reason, Chapter 1 presents a historical survey of Chomsky's EST proposals on anaphora, along with brief indications of how the present articles fit into that history. Some of the articles here (e.g. Chapters 4, 8, and 9) proposed extensions of Chomsky's basic ideas to a wider range of phenomena.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400909618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 205
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: Introduction: Acquaintance and Intentionality -- One: The Experience of Acquaintance -- I: Perceptual Awareness -- II: Consciousness and Self-Awareness -- III: Empathy and Other-Awareness -- Two: The Relation of Acquaintance -- IV: Content in Context -- V: A Sense of Presence -- VI: Grounds of Acquaintance -- Index of Names -- Index of Topics.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 2
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    Keywords: Education ; History ; Humanities ; Art—Study and teaching. ; Education, Higher.
    Abstract: One Phenomenology and the Objective of Historiography -- Two The Idea of Being: A Platonic Speculation -- Three On Parsing the Parmenides -- Four On Participation: Beginning a Philosophical Grammar -- Five On Ritual and Rhetoric in Plato -- Six The Two Republics: A Study in Dialectic -- Seven The Liberal Arts and Plato’s Relation to Them -- Eight Saint Augustine’s Christian Dialectic -- Nine Faith and Reason in Plato and St. Augustine: A Further Dialectic -- Ten Descartes’ Revision of the Cartesian Dualism -- Eleven On Kant’s Philosophic Grammar of Mathematics -- Twelve Is Modern Physics Possible Within Kant’s Philosophy? -- Thirteen On Kant’s Refutation of Metaphysics -- Fourteen Husserl’s Ideas in the Liberal Arts Tradition -- Fifteen On the Structure and Value of the Philosophy of Merleau-Ponty -- Sixteen The Unity of the Liberal Arts and the University -- Seventeen Modes of Being and Their Relation to the Liberal Arts and Artist.
    Abstract: As this collection of essays demonstrates, over a long career Edward Goodwin Ballard has written on a wide range of topics of philosophical interest. Although the present volume can be enjoy­ ably browsed, it is not simply a sampling of his writings. Rather, herein Professor Ballard has chosen and organized essays which pertain to the major concerns of his philosophic life. He has long held that the function of philosophy, particularly in a time such as ours, is the discernment and analysis of basic principles (archai) and their consequences. Indeed, in Philosophy at the Crossroads. he recommended focusing upon the history of philosophy understood as the movement of recognizing and interpreting the shifts in first principles as they reflect and determine human change. For Ballard, the study of the history of philosophy, like philosophy itself, is not so much a body of knowledge as an exercise (an art) whiQh moves the practitioner towards social and individual maturity. He holds, along with Plato and Husserl, that philosophy is a process of conversion to the love of wisdom as well as a grasp of the means for its attainment. Throughout his writings, Ballard has maintained that the difficulties of this journey have to do with the limitations of the pilgrim. Human being is perspectival, finite, and inevitably ignorant. Philosophic command and self -recognition reside in the just assessment of the limits of human knowledge.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400925953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 155
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: I / Introduction -- 1. The Revival of Mental Philosophy -- 2. Mechanism -- 3. Naturalism -- 4. Two Problems of Mind -- II / What Is a Rule of Mind? -- 1. Signals and Control -- 2. Turing Machines -- 3. Logic and Logic of Mind -- 4. Nerve Networks and Finite Automata -- 5. Computer Logic -- 6. Glimpses from Psychology -- 7. Summary on Rules -- III / Behavior and Structure -- 1. Some Varieties of Automata -- 2. Fitting and Guiding -- 3. Empirical Realism -- IV / Mechanism — Arguments PRO and CON -- 1. Thinking Machines -- 2. The Argument from Analogy -- 3. Psychological Explanation and Church’s Thesis -- 4. On the Dissimilarity of Behaviors -- 5. Computers, Determinism, and Action -- 6. Summary to the Main Argument from Analogy -- V / Functionalism, Rationalism, and Cognitivism -- 1. Psychological and Automaton States -- 2. Behaviorism -- 3. Neorationalism -- 4. Cognitivism -- VI / The Logic of Acceptance -- 1. Universals, Gestalten, and Taking -- 2. Acceptance -- 3. Expectation -- 4. Family Resemblances -- VII / Perception -- 1. Perceptual Objects -- 2. Perception Perspectives -- VIII / Belief and Desire -- 1. Perceptual Belief -- 2. Desire -- 3. A Model of Desire -- 4. Standing Belief — Representation -- IX / Reference and Truth -- 1. Pure Semantics versus User Semantics -- 2. Belief Sentences -- 3. Denotation -- 4. A Theory of Truth -- 5. Adequacy -- X / Toward Meaning -- 1. Linguistic Meaning -- 2. Propositions -- 3. Intensions of Names and Predicates -- XI / Psychological Theory and the Mindbrain Problem -- 1. Realism and Reduction -- 2. Explanation -- 3. Free Will -- 4. Mental Occurrents -- Table of Figures, Formulas, and Tables -- Notes.
    Abstract: This book presents a mechanist philosophy of mind. I hold that the human mind is a system of computational or recursive rules that are embodied in the nervous system; that the material presence of these rules accounts for perception, conception, speech, belief, desire, intentional acts, and other forms of intelligence. In this edition I have retained the whole of the fIrst edition except for discussion of issues which no longer are relevant in philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology. Earlier reference to disputes of the 1960's and 70's between hard-line empiricists and neorationalists over the psychological status of grammars and language acquisition, for instance, has simply been dropped. In place of such material I have entered some timely or new topics and a few changes. There are brief references to the question of computer versus distributed processing (connectionist) theories. Many of these questions dissolve if one distinguishes as I now do in Chapter II between free and embodied algorithms. I have also added to my comments on artifIcal in­ telligence some reflections. on Searle's Chinese Translator. The irreducibility of machine functionalist psychology in my version or any other has been exaggerated. Input, output, and state entities are token identical to physical or biological things of some sort, while a machine system as a collection of recursive rules is type identical to representatives of equivalence classes. This nuld technicality emerges in Chapter XI. It entails that so-called "anomalous monism" is right in one sense and wrong in another.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789400909878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (552p) , digital
    Edition: 1
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 206
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Critial Essays -- Is Science Really Inductive? -- Bolzano’s Theory of Induction -- Cellular Space Models: New Formalism for Simulation and Science -- Some Reflections on Logical Truth as A Priori -- Semantics and Ontology: Arthur Burks and the Computational Perspective -- Names and Attitudes -- Machines and Behavior -- Finite Automata and Human Beings -- On Guiding Rules -- Actuality and Potentiality -- Burks’s Logic of Conditionals -- Presuppositions and the Normative Content of Probability Statements -- Arthur Burks on the Presuppositions of Induction -- Taking Physical Probability Seriously -- Presuppositions of Induction -- Scientific Objectivity and the Evaluation of Hypotheses -- II: The Philosophy of Logical Mechanism -- The Philosophy of Logical Mechanism Replies by Arthur W. Burks -- Bibliography of Works by Arthur W. Burks -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This work is divided into two parts. Part I contains sixteen critical es­ says by prominent philosophers and computer scientists. Their papers offer insightful, well-argued contemporary views of a broad range of topics that lie at the heart of philosophy in the second half of the twen­ tieth century: semantics and ontology, induction, the nature of prob­ ability, the foundations of science, scientific objectivity, the theory of naming, the logic of conditionals, simulation modeling, the relatiOn be­ tween minds and machines, and the nature of rules that guide be­ havior. In this volume honoring Arthur W. Burks, the philosophical breadth of his work is thus manifested in the diverse aspects of that work chosen for discussion and development by the contributors to his Festschrift. Part II consists of a book-length essay by Burks in which he lays out his philosophy of logical mechanism while responding to the papers in Part I. In doing so, he provides a unified and coherent context for the range of problems raised in Part I, and he highlights interesting relationships among the topics that might otherwise have gone un­ noticed. Part II is followed by a bibliography of Burks's published works.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789400923355
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (724p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 28
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Language and languages—Style. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Tractatus Brevis -- The Passions of the Soul and the Elements in the Onto-Poiesis of Culture: The Life-Significance of Literature -- I The Dialectic of the Passions and the Elemental Passions in Literature — surveying the foundations — -- Descartes and Hobbes on the Passions -- Beware of the Beasts! Spinoza and the Elemental Passions in German Literature: Lessing, Goethe, Stifter -- Speakable and Unspeakable Passions in English Neoclassical and Romantic Poetry -- Desire: An Elemental Passion in Hegel’s Phenomenology -- German Expressionism and the Human Passions -- II The Sublime, an Essential Factor in the Elemental Passions of the Soul -- Longinus’ On the Sublime and the Role of the Creative Imagination -- The Passion of Finitude and Poetic Creation: On Pedro Salinas’s El Contemplado -- Juilo Cortázar: La pasión de ser y del ser -- Nostalgia and the Child Topoi: Metaphors of Disruption and Transcendence in the Work of Joseph Brodsky, Marc Chagall and Andrei Tarkovsky -- Apollonian Eros and the Fruits of Failure in the Poetic Pursuit of Being: Notes on the Rape of Daphne -- III Elemental Passions of the Soul: Love and Death -- A Tragic Phenomenon: Aspects of Love and Hate in Racine’s Theater -- “The Gulf of the Soul”: Melville’s Pierre and the Representation of Aesthetic Failure -- Love and Will in The Awakening -- The Passionate Self-Destruction of Hester Prynne -- Death, and the Elemental Passion of the Soul: An Ancient Philosophical Thesis, with Poetic Counterpoint -- Erotic Modes of Discourse: The Union of Mythos and Dialectic in Plato’s Phaedrus -- The Plight of the Couple in Beckett’s All Strange A way -- Narration and the Face of Anxiety in Henry James’ “The Beast in the Jungle” -- IV The Passional Expansion of the Soul: Mind, Body, Space, Being -- Czeslaw Milosz’s Passion for “Place”: Soul’s Knowing under “The Wormwood Star” -- L’espace poétique — pour une analogie phénomenologique sans entrave (Bachelard et Calinescu) -- The Plight of the Siamese Twin: Mind, Body, and Value in John Barth’s “Petition” -- Hecuba’s Grief, Polydorus’ Corpse, and the Transference of Perspective -- Elemental Substances and Their Drama in the Mayan Imagination as Perceived in Popol Vuh -- Fusion of Feeling and Nature in Wordsworthian and Classical Chinese Poetry -- V The Inward Recesses of the Passional Soul -- The Passion of Apprehension: The Soul’s Activity as the Agent Intellect in James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man -- Nietzsche and Creative Passion in Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being -- Obsessive Passion: A Structuring Motif in Flaubert’s Work -- Boundaries: The Primal Force and Human Face of Evil -- Poe’s “Loss of Breath” and the Problem of Writing -- Milan Kundera’s Polyphonic Compositions: Appropriations or Disseminations? -- The Semiotics of Self-Revelation in Eugene O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones -- From Passion to Self-Reflexivity: A Holistic Approach to Consciousness and Literature -- The Passions Observed: The Visionary Poetics of Ezra Pound -- Is Life in Literature a Fiction? -- Closure -- Finitude, Infinitude and the Imago Dei in Catherine of Siena and Descartes -- Index of Names.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789401720168
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 262 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 128
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 128
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Ethics ; Pragmatism ; History ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: I: Fundamentals of Moral Action -- Empirical and Intelligible Character in the Critique of Pure Reason -- Morality as Freedom -- On the Formalism of Kant’s Ethics -- Agency and Anthropology in Kant’s Groundwork -- The Submission of our Sensuous Nature to the Moral Law in the Second Critique -- II: Moral Practice and Knowledge -- Theory as Practice in Kant -- Autonomy, Omniscience and the Ethical Imagination: From Theoretical to Practical Philosophy in Kant -- The Interests of Reason: From Metaphysics to Moral History -- III: From Morality to Justice and History -- Kant’s Principle of Justice as Categorical Imperative of Law -- Histoire et Guerre chez Kant -- Freedom as a Regulative Principle: On Some Aspects of the Kant-Herder Controversy on the Philosophy of History -- IV: Kant in Contemporary Contexts -- How Kantian is Rawls’s “Kantian Constructivism”? -- The Ideal Speech Situation: Neo-Kantian Ethics in Habermas and Apel -- Kant: Respect, Individuality and Dependence.
    Abstract: That Kant's ideas remain vitally present in ethical thinking today is as impossible to deny as it is to overlook their less persisting aspects and sometimes outdated idiom. The essays in this volume attempt to reassess some crucial questions in Kant's practical philosophy both by sketching the lines for new systematic interpretations and by examining how Kantian themes apply to contemporary moral concerns. In the previous decade, when Kant was primarily read as an answer to utilitarianism, emphasis was mainly laid on the fundamentals of his moral theory, stressing such concepts as universalization, duty for its own sake, personal autonomy, unconditional imperatives or humanity as end-in-itself, using the Groundwork and its broader (ifless popular) systematic parallel, the Analytic of the Critique of Practical Reason, as main sources. In recent years, however, emphasis has shifted and become diversified. The present essays reflect this diversification in discussing the extension of Kantian ethics in the domains of law, justice, politics and moral history, and also in considering such meta-philosophical questions as the relation between the various "inter­ ests of reason" (as Kant calls them), above all between knowledge and moral practice. The papers were first presented at the Seventh Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter, held at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in December 1986. The Jerusalem Philosophical Encounters are a series of bi-annual international symposia, in which philosophers of different backgrounds meet in Jerusalem to discuss a common issue. Organized by the S. H.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400924765
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 211
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Humanities ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: I. Philosophy? -- 1. Philosophy and the Sciences -- 2. Impressions of Philosophy -- 3. The Computational Model of the Mind, a panel discussion -- 4. Discussion: Progress in Philosophy -- 5. Philosophy and the Academy -- II. Working. -- 1. Pale Fire Solved -- 2. Incremental Acquisition and a Parametrized Model of Grammar -- 3. What are General Equilibrium Theories? -- 4. Effective Epistemology, Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence -- 5. The Flaws in Sen’s Case Against Paretian Libertariansism -- 6. Decisions without Ordering -- 7. Reflections on Hilbert’s Program -- 8. The Tetrad Project -- III. Postscriptum -- 1. Rationality Unbound.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400923782
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Indic philology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Indians—Languages.
    Abstract: One The Issues — Analytical and Theoretical -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Analytical Problem -- 2. Theoretical Proposals -- 3. Consequences -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes for Chapter One -- Two Luiseño Features: Background -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Relevant Morphology -- 2. The Feature ADAFF -- 3. The Feature NUM -- 4. The Feature ASP -- 5. Complexities to RIGHT AN -- 6. Combinatorial Complexities -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes for Chapter Two -- Appendix to Chapter Two -- Three Agreement and Anti-Agreement -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Some Facts and Simple Constituents -- 2. The Representation of Constituents -- 3. Facts about Argument Structures -- 4. Incorporation -- 5. A First Look at Category Type -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes for Chapter Three -- Appendix to Chapter Three -- Four The Proposition -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Background -- 2. The Propositional Radical -- 3. The Proposition: Part One -- 4. The Result -- 5. The Relationship between the Functor and the Formal Value -- 6. The Category Type -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes for Chapter Four -- Five The Utility of the Proposition -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Aux Analyzed -- 4. The Position of the Aux -- 5. Expansion -- Notes for Chapter Five -- Appendix to Chapter Five -- Six The Utility of the Classification -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Data -- 2. Definitions -- 3. An Abbreviated Analysis of a Clause -- 4. Control -- 4.3 Final Comments on Control -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes for Chapter Six -- Addenda to Chapter Six -- Seven Agreement, Anti-Agreement, and Order -- 0. Summary -- 1. Architectural Conclusions -- 2. Analytical Conclusions -- 3. Conclusion -- Notes for Chapter Seven -- References.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789400923607
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Coherence, Justification, and Knowledge: The Current Debate -- I. Abstracts of Contributed Essays -- II. Focus: The Work of Keith Lehrer -- 1. Lehrer’s Coherentism and the Isolation Objection -- 2. Personal Coherence, Objectivity and Reliability -- 3. Fundamental Troubles With the Coherence Theory -- 4. Lehrer’s Coherence Theory of Knowledge -- 5. How Reasonable is Lehrer’s Coherence Theory? Beats Me. -- 6. When Can What You Don’t Know Hurt You? -- III. Focus: Laurence Bonjour’s The Structure of Empirical Knowledge -- 1. BonJour’s The Structure of Empirical Knowledge -- 2. BonJour’s Coherence Theory of Justification -- 3. BonJour’s Coherentism -- 4. Circularity, Non-Linear Justification, and Holistic Coherentism -- 5. Coherentist Theories of Knowledge Don’t Apply to Enough Outside of Science and Don’t Give the Right Results When Applied to Science -- 6. The St. Elizabethan World -- 7. Coherence, Observation, and the Justification of Empirical Belief -- 8. Epistemic Priority and Coherence -- 9. BonJour’s Anti-Foundationalist Argument -- 10. Foundations -- IV. Focus: Coherence and Related Epistemic Concerns -- 1. The Unattainability of Coherence -- 2. Epistemically Justified Opinion -- 3. The Multiple Faces of Knowing: The Hierarchies of Epistemic Species -- 4. Equilibrium in Coherence? -- V. Coherentists Respond -- 1. Coherence and the Truth Connection: A Reply to My Critics -- 2. Replies and Clarifications.
    Abstract: The subtitle of this book should be read as a qualification as much as an elaboration of the title. If the goal were completeness, then this book would have included essays on the work of other philosophers such as Wilfrid Sellars, Nicholas Rescher, Donald Davidson, Gilbert Harman and Michael Williams. Although it would be incorrect to say that each of these writers has set forth a version of the coherence theory of justification and knowledge, it is clear that their work is directly relevant, and reaction to it could easily fill a companion volume. This book concentrates, however, on the theories of Keith Lehrer and Laurence BonJour, and I doubt that any epistemologist would deny that they are presently the two leading proponents of coherentism. A sure indication of this was the ease with which the papers in this volume were solicited and delivered. The many authors represented here were willing, prepared, and excited to join in the discussion of BonJour's and Lehrer's recent writings. I thank each one personally for agreeing so freely to contribute. All of the essays but two are published for the first time here. Marshall Swain's and Alvin Goldman's papers were originally presented at a symposium on BonJour's The Structure of Empirical Knowledge at the annual meeting of the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association, Chicago, Illinois, in April, 1987.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401578257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 260 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 13
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: One Mapping the Study of Scientific Cognition -- The Units of Analysis in Science Studies -- Contributions of Psychology to an Integrative Science Studies: The Shape of Things to Come -- Two Models for Studying Scientific Cognition -- Error and Scientific Reasoning: An Experimental Inquiry -- Scientific Cognition: Hot or Cold? -- Tacit Knowledge and the Project of Computer Modelling Cognitive Processes in Science -- Three The Modularity of Scientific Cognition -- Granny, the Naked Emperor and the Second Cognitive Revolution -- Cognitive Process and Social Practice: The Case of Experimental Macroscopic Physics -- Four Language as an Indicator of Scientific Cognition -- Models of Language Learning and their Implications for Social Constructionist Analyses of Scientific Belief -- Professor Campbell on Models of Language-Learning and the Sociology of Science: A Reply -- Reductionist Rhetoric: Expository Strategies and the Development of the Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior -- Five The Prospects for an Integration of Approaches -- Representation, Cognition and Self: What Hope for an Integration of Psychology and Sociology? -- Integrating the Science Studies Disciplines -- Participants at the Yearbook Conference.
    Abstract: If nothing else, the twelve papers assembled in this volume should lay to rest the idea that the interesting debates about the nature of science are still being conducted by "internalists" vs. "externalists,"" rationalists" vs. "arationalists, n or even "normative epistemologists" vs. "empirical sociologists of knowledge. " Although these distinctions continue to haunt much of the theoretical discussion in philosophy and sociology of science, our authors have managed to elude their strictures by finally getting beyond the post-positivist preoccupation of defending a certain division of labor among the science studies disciplines. But this is hardly to claim that our historians, philosophers, sociologists, and psychologists have brought about an "end of ideology," or even an "era of good feelings," to their debates. Rather, they have drawn new lines of battle which center more squarely than ever on practical matters of evaluating and selecting methods for studying science. To get a vivid sense of the new terrain that was staked out at the Yearbook conference, let us start by meditating on a picture. The front cover of a recent collection of sociological studies edited by one of us (Woolgar 1988) bears a stylized picture of a series of lined up open books presented in a typical perspective fashion. The global shape comes close to a trapezium, and is composed of smaller trapeziums gradually decreasing in size and piled upon each other so as to suggest a line receding in depth. The perspective is stylized too.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400911819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 7
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Why There Still Has To Be a Language of Thought -- How Much of the Mind is a Computer? -- Computational Functional Psychology: Problems and Prospects -- Belief and Responsibility -- Mental Images: Should Cognitive Science Learn from Neurophysiology? -- How NOT to Naturalize the Theory of Action -- Notes Toward a Faculty Theory of Cognitive Consciousness -- Modularity, Schemas and Neurons: A Critique of Fodor -- Action Explanation and the Nature of Mind -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively early - though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne imme­ diately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927339
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (458p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: A Theoretical and Historical Context for Second Language Acquisition -- Linguistic Theory: Generative Grammar -- The Ontogenesis of the Field of Second Language Learning Research -- B Parameters -- Parameterized Grammatical Theory and Language Acquisition: A Study of the Acquisition of Verb Placement and Inflection by Children and Adults -- Nature of Development in L2 Acquisition and Implications for Theories of Language Acquisition in General -- Linguistic Theory. Neurolinguistics and Second Language Acquisition -- Second Language Acquisition: A Biolinguistic Perspective -- Neurolinguistics and Parameter Setting -- C Markedness in Second Language Acquisition -- The Acquisition of Infinitive and Gerund Complements by Second Language Learners -- Island Effects in Second Language Acquisition -- On the Role of Linguistic Theory in Explanations of Second Language Developmental Grammars -- L2 Learnability: Delimiting the Domain of Core Grammar as Distinct from the Marked Periphery -- Kinds of Markedness -- D Additional Evidence for Universal Grammar -- The Categorial Status of Modals and L2 Acquisition -- UG-Generated Knowledge in Adult Second Language Acquisition -- Prosodic Phonology and the Acquisition of a Second Language -- Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition: Promises and Problems in Critically Relating Theory and Empirical Studies -- E Complementary Perspectives -- Pidginization as Language Acquisition -- All Paths Lead to the Mental Lexicon -- Intermorphology and Morphological Theory: A Plea for a Concession -- F Universal Grammar from a Traditional Perspective -- Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory: The Role of Language Transfer -- Grammatical Theory and L2 Acquisition: A Brief Overview -- Typological and Parametric Views of Universals in Second Language Acquisition -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Suzanne Flynn and Wayne O'Neil Massachusetts Institute of Technology I. INTRODUCTION The theory of Universal Grammar (UG) as explicated e. g. in Chomsky, 1986, has led to explosive developments in the study of natural language as well as to significant advances in the study of first language (L I) acquisition. Most recently. the theory of UG has led to important theore­ tical and empirical advances in the field of adult second language (L2) acquisition as well. The principle impetus for this development can be traced to the work in linguistics which shifted the study "from behavior or the products of behavior to states of the mind/brain that enter into behavior" (Chomksy. 1986:3). Grammars within this framework are conceived of as theoretical accounts of "the state of the mind/brain of the person who knows a particular language" (Chomsky. 1986:3). Research within fields of language acquisition seeks to isolate and specify the properties of the underlying competence necessary for language learning. Full development of a theory of UG demands study and understanding of the nature of both the formal properties of language and of the language acquisition process itself. However. while there is a tradition of debate and dialogue established between theoretical linguistics and Ll acquisition research. relatively few connections have been made between linguistic theory and L2 acquisition research.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789400913356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Logic.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Prom linguistic form to situation schemata -- 2. Interpreting situation schemata -- 3. The logical point of view -- II. From Linguistic Form to Situation Schemata -- 1. Levels of linguistic form determining meaning -- 2. Motivation for the use of constraints -- 3. The modularization of the mapping from form to meaning -- 4. Situation schemata -- 5. The algorithm from linguistic form to situation schemata -- III. Interpreting Situation Schemata -- 1. The art of interpretation -- 2. The inductive definition of the meaning relation -- 3. A remark on the general format of situation schemata -- 4. Generalizing generalized quantifiers -- IV. A Logical Perspective -- 1. The mechanics of interpretation -- 2. A hierarchy of formal languages -- 3. Mathematical study of some formal languages -- 4. On the model theoretic interpretation of situation schemata -- V. Conclusions -- Appendices -- A. Prepositional Phrases in Situation Schemata -- by Erik Colban -- B. A Lyndon type interpretation theorem for many-sorted first-order logic -- C. Proof of the relative saturation lemma -- References.
    Abstract: This monograph grew out of research at Xerox PARC and the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) during the first year of CSLI's existence. The Center was created as a meeting place for people from many different research traditions and there was much interest in seeing how the various approaches could be joined in a common effort to understand the complexity of language and information. CSLI was thus an ideal environment for our group and our enterprise. Our original goal was to see how a well-developed linguistic the­ ory, such as lexical-functional grammar, could be joined with the ideas emerging from research in situation semantics in a manner which would measure up to the technical standards set by Montague grammar. The outcome was our notion of situation schemata and the extension of constraint-based grammar formalisms to deal with semantic as well as syntactic information. As our work progressed we widened our approach. We decided to also include a detailed study of the logic of situation theory, and to investigate how this logical theory is related to the relational theory of meaning developed in situation semantics.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789400928435
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 32
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: On Boethius’s Notion of Being: A Chapter of Boethian Semantics -- Logic in the Early Twelfth Century -- The Distinction Actus Exercitus/Actus Significatus in Medieval Semantics -- Denomination in Peter of Auvergne -- Concrete Accidental Terms: Late Thirteenth-Century Debates About Problems Relating to Such Terms as ‘Album’ -- Concrete Accidental Terms and the Fallacy of Figure of Speech -- The Logic of the Categorical: The Medieval Theory of Descent and Ascent -- Tu Scis Hoc Esse Omne Quod Est Hoc: Richard Kilvington and the Logic of Knowledge -- Logic and Trinitarian Theology: De Modo Predicandi ac Sylogizandi in Divinis -- A Seventeenth-Century Physician on God and Atoms: Sebastian Basso -- Index of Persons.
    Abstract: The studies that make up this book were written and brought together to honor the memory of Jan Pinborg. His unexpected death in 1982 at the age of forty-five shocked and saddened students of medieval philosophy everywhere and left them with a keen sense of disappoint­ ment. In his fifteen-year career Jan Pinborg had done so much for our field with his more than ninety books, editions, articles, and reviews and had done it all so well that we recognized him as a leader and counted on many more years of his scholarship, his help, and his friendship. To be missed so sorely by his international colleagues in an academic field is a mark of Jan's achievement, but only of one aspect of it, for historians of philosophy are not the only scholars who have reacted in this way to Jan's death. In his decade and a half of intense productivity he also acquired the same sort of special status among historians of linguistics, whose volume of essays in his memory is being G. L. Bursill-Hall almost simultane­ published under the editorship of ously with this one. Sten Ebbesen, Jan's student, colleague, and successor as Director of the Institute of Medieval Greek and Latin Philology at the University of Copenhagen, has earned the gratitude of all of us by memorializing Jan 1 in various biographical sketches, one of which is accompanied by a 2 complete bibliography of his publications.
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  • 20
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400913370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (486p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Seperating Linguistic Analyses from Linguistic Theories -- Applicability of Indexed Grammars to Natural Languages -- A Natural Language Toolkit: Reconciling Theory with Practice -- An Extension of LR-Parsing for Lexical Functional Grammar -- An Efficiency-Oriented LFG Parser -- Parsing with a GB-Grammar -- Combining Categorial Grammar and Unification -- A feature-Based Categorial Morpho-Syntax for Japanese -- The Treatment of the French adjectif détaché in Lexical Functional Grammar -- Some Problems of Coordination in German -- German Word Order and Universal Grammar -- Nonlocal-Dependencies and Infinitival Constructions in German -- GPSG and German Word Order -- Nested Cooper Storage: The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary Noun Phrases -- Compositional Semantics for LFG.
    Abstract: presupposition fails, we now give a short introduction into Unification Grammar. Since all implementations discussed in this volume use PROLOG (with the exception of BlockjHaugeneder), we felt that it would also be useful to explain the difference between unification in PROLOG and in UG. After the introduction to UG we briefly summarize the main arguments for using linguistic theories in natural language processing. We conclude with a short summary of the contributions to this volume. UNIFICATION GRAMMAR 3 Feature Structures or Complex Categories. Unification Grammar was developed by Martin Kay (Kay 1979). Martin Kay wanted to give a precise defmition (and implementation) of the notion of 'feature'. Linguists use features at nearly all levels of linguistic description. In phonetics, for instance, the phoneme b is usually described with the features 'bilabial', 'voiced' and 'nasal'. In the case of b the first two features get the value +, the third (nasal) gets the value -. Feature­ value pairs in phonology are normally represented as a matrix. bilabial: + voiced: + I nasal: - [Feature matrix for b.] In syntax features are used, for example, to distinguish different noun classes. The Latin noun 'murus' would be characterized by the following feature-value pairs: gender: masculin, number: singular, case: nominative, pred: murus. Besides a matrix representation one frequently fmds a graph representation for feature value pairs. The edges of the graph are labelled by features. The leaves denote the value of a feature.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789400927230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (314p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, formerly Synthese Language Library 39
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Type-Shifting Rules and the Semantics of Interrogatives -- On the Semantic Content of the Notion of ‘Thematic Role’ -- Structured Meanings, Thematic Roles and Control -- On the Semantic Composition of English Generic Sentences -- Generically Speaking, or, Using Discourse Representation Theory to Interpret Generics -- Realism and Definiteness -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This collection of papers stems originally from a conference on Property Theory, Type Theory and Semantics held in Amherst on March 13-16 1986. The conference brought together logicians, philosophers, com­ puter scientists and linguists who had been working on these issues (of ten in isolation from one another). Our intent was to boost debate and exchange of ideas on these fundamental issues at a time of rapid change in semantics and cognitive science. The papers published in this work have evolved substantially since their original presentation at the conference. Given their scope, we thought it convenient to divide the work into two volumes. The first deals primarily with logical and philosophical foundations, the second with more empirical semantic issues. While there is a common set of issues tying the two volumes together, they are both self-contained and can be read independently of one another. Two of the papers in the present collection (van Benthem in volume 1 and Chierchia in volume II) were not actually read at the conference. They are nevertheless included here for their direct relevance to the topics of the volumes. Regrettably, some of the papers that were presented (Feferman, Klein, and Plotkin) could not be included in the present work due to timing problems. We nevertheless thank the authors for their contribu­ tion in terms of ideas and participation in the debate.
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927292
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: The Internal Structure of the Syllable -- Reading Complex Words -- A Synthesis of Some Recent Work in Sentence Production -- The Isolability of Syntactic Processing -- Neuropsychological Evidence for Linguistic Modularity -- Parsing Complexity and a Theory of Parsing -- Comprehending Sentences with Long-Distance Dependencies -- Thematic Structures and Sentence Comprehension -- Integrating Information in Text Comprehension: The Interpretation of Anaphoric Noun Phrases -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The papers in this volume are intended to exemplify the state of experimental psycho linguistics in the middle to later 1980s. Our over­ riding impression is that the field has come a long way since the earlier work of the 1950s and 1960s, and that the field has emerged with a renewed strength from a difficult period in the 1970s. Not only are the theoretical issues more sharply defined and integrated with existing issues from other domains ("modularity" being one such example), but the experimental techniques employed are much more sophisticated, thanks to the work of numerous psychologists not necessarily interested in psycholinguistics, and thanks to improving technologies unavailable a few years ago (for instance, eye-trackers). We selected papers that provide a coherent, overall picture of existing techniques and issues. The volume is organized much as one might organize an introductory linguistics course - beginning with sound and working "up" to mean­ ing. Indeed, the first paper, Rebecca Treiman's, begins with considera­ tion of syllable structure, a phonological consideration, and the last, Alan Garnham's, exemplifies some work on the interpretation of pro­ nouns, a semantic matter. In between are found works concentrating on morphemes, lexical structures, and syntax. The cross-section represented in this volume is by necessity incom­ plete, since we focus only on experimental work directed at under­ standing how adults comprehend and produce language. We do not include any works on language acquisition, first or second.
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926493
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (448p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Semantics, Wisconsin Style -- Representation and Covariation -- Individualism and Psychology -- Thoughts and Belief Ascriptions -- The Alleged Evidence for Representationalism -- Narrow Content -- A Farewell to Functionalism -- Metaphysical Arguments for Internalism and Why They Don’t Work -- Dual Aspect Semantics -- Innate Representations -- Reflexive Reflections -- Some Reductive Strategies in Cognitive Neurobiology -- Computation, Representation, and Content in Noncognitive Theories of Perception -- Beliefs Out of Control -- Intentionality -- Postscript October, 1987 -- Intentionality Speaks for Itself -- A Narrow Representational Theory of the Mind -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This collection of papers on issues in the theory of mental representation expresses a diversity of recent reflections on the idea that C. D. Broad so aptly characterized in the title of his book Mind and the World Order. An important impetus in the project of organizing this work were the discussions I had with Keith Lehrer while I was a Visiting Scholar in the department of Philosophy at the University of Arizona. His encouragement and friendship were of great value to me and I wish to express my thanks to him here. A word of thanks too for Mike Harnish who casually suggested the title Rerepresentation. I wish to express my thanks to Hans Schuurmans of the Computer Center at Tilburg University for his patient and cheerful assistance in preparing the manuscript. Professor J. Verster of the University of Groningen kindly provided the plates for the Ames Room figures. Thieu Kuys helped not only with the texts but also relieved me of chores so that I could devote more time to meeting deadlines. Barry Mildner had a major role in the text preparation using his skills and initiative in solving what seemed like endless technical problems. My deepest thanks are reserved for Anti Sax whose contribution to the project amount to a co-editorship of this volume. She participated in every phase of its development with valuable suggestions, prepared the indexes, and worked tirelessly to its completion.
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  • 24
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401729581
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook 12/1/2
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 12/1/2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Sociology.
    Abstract: III Transformation of Industry and Medicine -- The Role of the Military in the Electrification of Russia 1870–1890 -- World War II and the Transformation of the American Chemical Industry -- Between Cowardice and Insanity: Shellshock and the Legitimation of the Neuroses in Great Britain -- IV Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Power -- The Development of the First Atomic Bomb in the USSR -- ‘Over My Dead Body’: James Bryant Conant and the Hydrogen Bomb -- A Crystal Ball in the Shadows of Nuremberg and Hiroshima: The Ethical Debate Over Human Experimentation to Develop a Nuclear Powered Bomber, 1946–1951 -- V R&D: Military, Industry and the Academy -- An Analytical Look at R&D and the Arms Race -- The Government of Military R&D in Britain -- The Government of Military R&D: A Comparative Perspective -- The Making of an Entrepreneurial University: The Traffic Among M.I.T. and the Industry and the Military, 1860–1960.
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  • 25
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926417
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 113
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 113
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Philology ; History
    Abstract: 1: The Methodological Question -- 1. The Case for a Reorientation in the History of Psychology -- 2. Counterproposition: Psychology as Discourse -- 2: The Paradigm of Conceptual Psychology -- 3. Kant and Herbart: the Initiation of Conceptual Psychology -- 4. Empiricism and Conceptual Psychology: Psychophysics and Philology -- 3: Case Studies -- 5. Dilthey and Descriptive Psychology -- 6. Phenomenology and Conceptual Psychology -- 7. Mach’s Psychology of Investigation and the Limits of Science -- 8. Freud: the Psychology of Psychoanalysis -- Afterword: Some Consequences of Conceptual Psychology -- Notes -- Index of Names.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927032
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Russian language ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Balto-Slavic linguistic unity.
    Abstract: 1. Overview of Case in Russian -- 1. Case in Russian -- 2. The Representation of Case -- 3. Assignment of Case -- 4. The Case of Adjectives -- 5. Agreement -- 6. Second Predicate Modifiers -- 2. Object Case Marking and The Genitive of Negation -- 1. Lexically Governed Alternation -- 2. Genitive of Negation -- 3. Distinct Mechanisms for Genitive Marking -- 4. Other Types of Negation -- 5. Scope, Interpretation, and Distribution of [+Q] -- 6. Accusative/Genitive Alternation and Polarity Sensitivity -- 7. The Feature [Q] and Semantics -- 8. Summary -- 3. Apparent Genitive Subjects Within the Scope of Negation -- 1. Demotion -- 2. Do Genitive Subjects Exist? -- 3. Formalization of the Rule of Demotion -- 4. Numeral Phrases and Quantifier Phrases -- 1. Numeral Phrases -- 2. Quantifier Phrases -- 3. Disagreement about Non-agreeing Phrases -- 4. One Million -- 5. Summary -- 5. Subject Case Marking and Case Agreement of Modifiers -- 1. Data -- 2. Adjuncts and Complements -- 3. Agreement and Control Relations -- 4. Comparison with Alternative Accounts -- 5. Conclusions -- 6. Consequences for a Theory of Case -- 1. Long-Distance Phenomena and Control Relations -- 2. Toward a Theory of Russian Case -- 3. LFG and the Theory of Case -- 4. Conclusions -- Appendix I: Abbreviations and Transliteration -- 1. List of Abbreviations for Sentence Glosses -- 2. Transliteration -- Appendix II: Declension Paradigms -- Appendix III: Lexical Functional Grammar -- 1. Organization -- 2. Phrase Structure Rules -- 3. Lexical Entries -- 4. Lexical Redundancy Rules -- 5. Functional Well-Formedness -- 6. Possible Rules -- 7. Theory of Control and Complementation -- 7.1. Complements vs. Adjuncts -- 7.2. Open Complements -- 7.3. Open Adjuncts -- 7.4. Closed Complements -- 7.5. Closed Adjuncts -- 7.6. The Constituency of Complements -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, formerly Synthese Language Library 36
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I Possible Worlds: Introduction -- 1 Possible Worlds -- 2 Semantic Competence -- 3 Semantics and Logic -- 4 Physical Theories and Possible Worlds -- II Situations and Attitudes: Introduction -- 5 The World Situation (It’s a small world after all) -- 6 Quotational Theories of Propositional Attitudes -- 7 More about Inscriptionalism -- III Quantification and Reference: Introduction -- 8 Identity and Intensional Objects -- 9 The Greek-Turkish Imbroglio (Do we need game-theoretical semantics?) -- 10 Some Recent Theories of Anaphora.
    Abstract: Over a longer period than I sometimes care to contemplate I have worked on possible-worlds semantics. The earliest work was in modal logic, to which I keep returning, but a sabbatical in 1970 took me to UCLA, there to discover the work of Richard Montague in applying possible-worlds semantics to natural lan­ guage. My own version of this appeared in Cresswell (1973) and was followed up in a number of articles, most of which were collected in Cresswell (1985b). A central problem for possible­ worlds semantics is how to accommodate propositional attitudes. This problem was addressed in Cresswell (1985a), and the three books mentioned so far represent a reasonably complete picture of my positive views on formal semantics. I have regarded the presentation of a positive view as more important than the criticism of alternatives, although the works referred to do contain many passages in which I have tried to defend my own views against those of others. But such criticism is important in that a crucial element in establishing the content of a theory is that we be able to evaluate it in relation to its com­ petitors. It is for that reason that I have collected in this volume a number of articles in which I attempt to defend the positive semantical picture I favour against objections and competing theories.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789400927179
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Germanic languages ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1 The Principles-and-Parameters Model and the Verb Phrase -- 1.1. From the Generative Tradition to Principles-and-Parameters -- 1.2. V* Constructions -- 1.3. $$ \bar{X} $$-Theory -- 1.4. Predication -- 1.5. Subcategorization and Theta-Theory -- Notes -- 2 Auxiliary Verbs in $$ \bar{X} $$-Theory -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Arguments for VP with Auxiliaries as Specifiers -- 2.3. Auxiliaries as Heads of Full Phrases -- 2.4. Specifiers and Adjuncts of Layered VP -- 2.5. Clausal-Type Restrictions on Occurrences of Aspectuals -- 2.6. Summary and Conclusions -- Notes -- 3 Licensing of VP -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Predication and the Distribution of VP -- 3.3. Theta-marking of VP by INFL -- 3.4. Subcategorization Licensing and the Argumenthood of VP -- 3.5. Auxiliaries and Head-Head Agreement -- 3.6. The Verbal Case Hypothesis -- Appendix: Syntactic Aspect and the Distribution of VP and AP -- Notes -- 4 Proper Government of VP -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Tense-Government -- 4.3. INFL and Tense-Identification -- 4.4. Antecedentless Null VP (VP-Deletion) -- 4.5. Null VP and Auxiliary Clitics (Contraction) -- 4.6. Clitics and Proper Government -- 4.7. VP-Preposing -- Notes -- 5 Structure of VP in Spanish -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Spanish Aspectual and Copular Verbs -- 5.3. The Verbal Complex Hypothesis -- 5.4. Arguments for Standard Phrasal Structure for Auxiliaries -- 5.5. Summary and Discussion -- Notes -- 6 V0 Chains and Government of VP in Spanish -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Issues -- 6.3. Movement of Non-defective (Main) Verbs -- 6.4. V0 Movement of Haber + Participle -- 6.5. Movement of Estar and Ser -- 6.6. Temporal Role Assignment and Agreement in Declaratives -- Notes -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This study is concerned with the structure of verb phrases in English and Spanish, and with syntactic processes involving VP and Vo. A primary focus of attention is auxiliary verbs. It is argued that the structure dominating these verbs is essentially the same in English and Spanish, as is the structure dominating auxiliaries and 'main' verbs in each language. It must be concluded that the occurrence of distinct syntactic processes affecting auxiliaries and other VP constituents in the two languages does not follow from parametrization of phrase structure. It is argued that similarities between the two languages with respect to the composition of so-called "V*" constructions derive from the fact that VP is licensed under both clauses of the Principle of Full Interpretation, i. e. , predication and sub categorization. Distinct syntactic processes in English and Spanish are argued to follow from the fact that there are inflectional features related to each of these licensing conditions (including specification for [ ± PAST) and nominal person/number features) which affect government relations in distinct ways, resulting in parametrization of S-structure representa­ tions. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreCiatIOn to the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Washington for support for preparation of the final manuscript, and to the Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese at the University of Virginia for a leave during which much of this research was accomplished.
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400927193
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Celtic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1. The Descriptive and Theoretical Goals -- 1.2. An Overview of Government Binding Theory -- 1.3. An Overview of the Major Results of This Study -- 2 Celtic Agreement, the Avoid Pronoun Principle, and Binding Theory -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Breton Agreement Markers Determined by the Avoid Pronoun Principle -- 2.3. Generalizing the Analysis of Breton Agreement to Welsh -- 2.4. Evidence from the Binding Theory: Breton and Welsh Have a Null AGR -- 2.5. AGR as a SUBJECT for the Binding Theory -- 3 Raising and Passivization in Breton: An Argument for Anaphoric Traces -- 3.1. The Theoretical Status of Anaphoric Traces -- 3.2. The Breton Raising to Subject Construction -- 3.3. Raising Structures Parallel Passive Structures -- 3.4. Breton Raising and Pseudopassive: Further Implications -- 3.5. Conclusion -- 4 PRO-INFL and Reduced Structures -- 4.1. Reduced Structures Have Missing INFLs -- 4.2. Some INFLs Missing in Welsh and English Are PRO-INFL -- 4.3. Corroborating Evidence for the PRO-INFL Analysis -- 4.4. Contraction and Reduced Structures -- 4.5. A Competing Analysis -- 4.6. Breton is Consistent with the PRO-INFL Analysis -- 5 Government and the Connection Between Relative Pronouns, Complementizers and Subjacency -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Relative Pronouns in English -- 5.3. Relative Pronouns Are Pronominal Anaphors -- 5.4. Welsh and Breton Lack Relative Pronouns -- 5.5. Competing Analyses and Other Arguments -- 5.6. Conclusion -- 6 The Interaction of Government Theory with Synthetic Agreement -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. The ECP Gives a Unified Treatment of Complementizers and Agreement in Welsh Movement Structures -- 6.3. Two Asymmetries in Breton and Welsh Extraction -- 6.4. Welsh and Breton Extraction from Negatives -- 6.5. Competing Analyses and Arguments -- 6.6. Subject-Object Asymmetries at LF and the ECP -- 6.7. Conclusion -- References -- Index of Languages -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This book is based in large part on fieldwork that I conducted in Brittany and Wales in 1983 and 1985. I am thankful for a Fulbright Award for Research in Western Europe and a Faculty Development Award from the University of North Carolina that funded that fieldwork. lowe a less tangible, but no less real, debt to Steve Anderson, G. M. Awbery, Steve Harlow and Jim McCloskey whose work initially sparked my interest, and led me to undertake this project. I want to thank Joe Emonds and Alec Marantz who read portions of Chapter 3 and 5. I am particularly grateful though to Kathleen Flanagan, Frank Heny and two anonymous referees who read a dyslexic and schizophrenic manuscript, providing me with criticisms that improved this final version considerably. The Welsh nationalist community in Aberstwyth and its Breton coun­ terpart in Quimper helped make the time I spent in Wales and Brittany productive. I am indebted to Thomas Davies, Partick Favreau, Lukian Kergoat, Sue Rhys, John Williams and Beatrice among others for sharing their knowledge of their languages with me. Catrin Davies and Martial Menard were especially patient and helpful. Without their assistance this work would have been infinitely poorer. I am hopeful that this book will help stimulate more interest in the Celtic languages and culture, and assist, even in a small way, those in Wales and Brittany who struggle to keep their language and culture strong.
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400938755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 103
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 103
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Stanley Goldberg/Putting New Wine in Old Bottles: The Assimilation of Relativity in America -- Jose M. Sanchez-Ron/The Reception of Special Relativity in Great Britain -- Lewis Pyenson/The Relativity Revolution in Germany -- Michel Paty/The Scientific Reception of Relativity in France -- Michel Biezunski/Einstein’s Reception in Paris in 1922 -- Barbara J. Reeves/Einstein Politicized: The Early Reception of Relativity in Italy -- Thomas F. Glick/Relativity in Spain -- V.P. Vizginand G.E. Gorelik/The Reception of the Theory of Relativity in Russia and the USSR -- Bronis?aw ?Redniawa/The Reception of the Theory of Relativity in Poland -- Tsutomu Kaneko/Einstein’s Impact on Japanese Intellectuals -- Thomas F. Glick/Cultural Issues in the Reception of Relativity.
    Abstract: The present volume grew out of a double session of the Boston Collo­ quium for the Philosophy of Science held in Boston on March 25, 1983. The papers presented there (by Biezunski, Glick, Goldberg, and Judith Goodstein!) offered both sufficient comparability to establish regulari­ ties in the reception of relativity and Einstein's impact in France, Spain, the United States and Italy, and sufficient contrast to suggest the salience of national inflections in the process. The interaction among the participants and the added perspectives offered by members of the audience suggested the interest of commissioning articles for a more inclusive volume which would cover as many national cases as we could muster. Only general guidelines were given to the authors: to treat the special or general theories, or both, hopefully in a multidisciplinary setting, to examine the popular reception of relativity, or Einstein's personal impact, or to survey all these topics. In a previous volume, on the 2 comparative reception of Darwinism, one of us devised a detailed set of guidelines which in general were not followed. In our opinion, the studies in this collection offer greater comparability, no doubt because relativity by its nature and its complexity offers a sharper, more easily bounded target. As in the Darwinism volume, this book concludes with an essay intended to draw together in comparative perspective some of many themes addressed by the participants.
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400936034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (588p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 122
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Text -- I. Epistle Dedicatory -- II. Preface -- III. Book I -- IV. Book II -- V. Book III -- VI. Contents -- Notes -- Commentary Notes -- Textual Notes.
    Abstract: The significance of Henry More's vitalist philosophy in the history of ideas has been realized relatively recently, as the bibliography will reveal. The general neglect of the Cambridge Platonist movement may be attributed to the common prejudice that its chief exponents, especially More, were obscure mystics who were neither coherent in their philosophical system nor attractive in their prose style. I hope that this modern edition of More's principal treatise will help to correct this unjust im­ pression and reveal the keenness and originality of More's intellect, which sought to demonstrate the relevance of classical philosophy in an age of empirical science. The wealth of learning -- ranging as it does from Greek antiquity to 17th­ century science and philosophy -- that informs More' s intellectual system of the universe should, in itself, be a recom­ mendation to students of the history of ideas. Though, for those in search of literary satisfaction, too, there is not wanting, in More's style, the humour, and grace, of a man whose erudition did not divorce him from a sympathetic understanding of human contradictions. As for More's elaborate speculations concerning the spirit world in the final book of this treatise, I think that we would indeed be justified in regarding their combination of classical mythology amd scientific naturalism as the literary and philosophical counterpart of the great celestial frescoes of the Baroque masters.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789400937475
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 L2 Acquisition: The Problems and Traditional Answers -- 1.2 Universal Grammar -- 1.3 Basis for an Alternative Theory of L2 Acquisition -- 1.4 Outline of the Book -- 2. Traditional Theories of L2 Acquisition -- 2.1 Theory of Contrastive Analysis (CA) -- 2.2 Theory of Creative Construction (CC) -- 2.3 Bases for an Explanatory Theory of L2 Acquisition -- 2.4 Preliminary Conclusions -- Notes to Chapter Two -- 3. Universal Grammar -- 3.1 Universal Grammar -- 3.2 Universal Grammar as a Theory of Grammar -- 3.3 Linguistic Focus of Book -- 3.4 Relevant Linguistic Concepts for Experimental Tests of Pronoun and Null Anaphors -- 3.5 Universal Grammar as a Theory of Language Acquisition -- 3.6 Overview: UG and L2 Acquisition -- 3.7 Summary -- Notes to Chapter Three -- 4. A Typological Comparison Of Japanese and Spanish -- 4.1 Word Order, Configurationality, and Head-Initial/Head-Final Parameter -- 4.2 Anaphora -- 4.3 Adjunct Adverbial Subordinate Clauses -- 4.4 Summary of Cross-Linguistic Facts -- Notes to Chapter Four -- 5. Rationale and Design -- 5.1 General Hypotheses to be Tested -- 5.2 Overview: Experimental Design -- 5.3 Experimental Design and Hypotheses -- 5.4 Basic Controls on Experimental Design -- Notes to Chapter Five -- 6 Methodology -- 6.1 Subjects (Ss) -- 6.2 General Procedures -- 6.3 Materials -- 6.4 ESL Proficiency Test: Standardized Levels -- 6.5 Specific Experimental Task Procedures -- 6.6 Procedures for Data Transcription -- 6.7 Procedures for Scoring of the Data -- 7. Results -- 7.1 Results for Experimental Controls -- 7.2 Amount Correct: Results for Production Tests -- 7.3 Error Analyses: Results for Production Tests 1 to 3 -- 7.4 Amount Correct: Results for Comprehension Test 4 -- 7.5 Coreference Judgements (CRJs) -- 7.6 General Summary and Conclusions -- Notes to Chapter Seven -- 8. Some Conclusions -- 8.1 General Summary -- 8.2 Similarities in L2 Acquisition for Spanish and Japanese Speakers -- 8.3 Dissimilarities in L2 Acquisition for Spanish and Japanese Speakers -- 8.4 Implications for an Alternative Theory of L2 Acquisition -- 8.5 Some Differences Between L1 and L2 Acquisition -- 8.6 Possible Alternative Explanations of the Data -- 8.7 Importance for a Theory of UG -- 8.8 Implications for Future Research -- Appendices -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Recent developments in linguistic theory have led to an important reorientation of research in related fields of linguistic inquiry as well as in linguistics itself. The developments I have in mind, viewed from the point of view of government-binding theory, have to do with the character­ ization of Universal Grammar (UG) as a set of subtheories, each with its set of central principles (perhaps just one principle central to each subtheory) and parameters (perhaps just one for each principle) according to which a principle can vary between an unmarked ('-') and a marked ('+') para­ metric value (Chomsky, 1985; 1986). For example, let us assume that there is an X-bar theory in explanation of those features of phrase structure irreducible to other subtheo­ ries of UG. Within X-bar theory variation among languages is then allowed only with respect to the position the head of a phrase occupies in rela t ion to its complemen ts such that the phrases of a language will be either right- or left-headed. Thus languages will vary between being right-headed in this respect (as in Japanese phrase structure) and being left-headed (as in English phrase structure). Everything else about the phrase structure of particular languages will be fixed within X-bar theory itself or else it will fallout from other subtheories of UG: Case theory; 0-theory, etc. (Chomsky, 1985:161-62; Chomsky, 1986:2-4; and references cited there). Hatters are the same in other modules of grammar.
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  • 33
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400933811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, formerly Synthese Language Library 31
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 31
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Noun Phrases, Generalized Quantifiers and Anaphora -- Towards a Computational Semantics -- Preliminaries to the Treatment of Generalized Quantifiers in Situation Semantics -- There-Sentences and Generalized Quantifiers -- Unreducible n-ary Quantifiers in Natural Language -- Generalized Quantifiers and Plurals -- Natural Language and Generalized Quantifier Theory -- Collective Readings of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases -- Noun Phrase Interpretation in Montague Grammar, File Change Semantics, and Situation Semantics -- Branching Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language -- List of Contributors -- Bibliography for Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Some fifteen years ago, research on generalized quantifiers was con­ sidered to be a branch of mathematical logic, mainly carried out by mathematicians. Since then an increasing number of linguists and philosophers have become interested in exploring the relevance of general quantifiers for natural language as shown by the bibliography compiled for this volume. To a large extent, the new research has been inspired by Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper's path-breaking article "Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language" from 1981. A concrete sign of this development was the workshop on this topic at Lund University, May 9-11, 1985, which was organized by Robin Cooper, Elisabet Engdahl, and the present editor. All except two of the papers in this volume derive from that workshop. Jon Barwise's paper in the volume is different from the one he presented in connection with the workshop. Mats Rooth's contribution has been added because of its close relationship with the rest of the papers. The articles have been revised for publication here and the authors have commented on each other's contributions in order to integrate the collection. The organizers of the workshop gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Linguistics, the Department of Philosophy and the Faculty of Humanities at Lund University, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (through the Wallenberg Foundation), the Swedish Institute, and the Letterstedt Foundation.
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Phonology ; Oriental languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1.1. The Issues -- 1.2. The Historical Perspective -- 1.3. The Spiral of Progress -- II: An Outline of the Theory: English Phonology -- 2.1. Lexical and Postlexical Rule Applications -- 2.2. Lexical Morphology -- 2.3. The Use of Morphological Information in Phonology -- 2.4. How Many Strata in English? -- 2.5. Rules, Domains, and Stratum Ordering -- 2.6. The Mental Representation of Lexical Entries -- III: Malayalam Phonology: Segmentals -- 3.1. The Lexical Alphabet -- 3.2. The Underlying Alphabet -- 3.3. Syllable Structure in Malayalam -- 3.4. Lexical Strata in Malayalam -- 3.5. Summary -- IV: Malayalam Phonology: Suprasegmentals -- 4.1. The Loop in Malayalam Morphology -- 4.2. Stress and Word Melody -- 4.3. The Domain of Stress and Word Melody -- 4.4. Schwa Insertion and Word Melody -- 4.5. An Ordering Paradox -- 4.6. The Effect of the Loop on Stress and Word Melody -- V: Accessing Morphological Information -- 5.1. Types of Nonphonological Information in Phonology -- 5.2. Boundaries -- 5.3. Domains as Node Labels on Trees -- 5.4. Hierarchical Structure in Morphology Notes -- VI: The Postlexical Module -- 6.1. Syntactic and Postsyntactic Modules -- 6.2. Speech as Implementation of Phonetic Representation -- 6.3. The Nature of Phonetic Representations -- 6.4. Language-Specific Implementational Phenomena -- 6.5. Types of Subsegmental Phenomena -- 6.6. Underlying and Lexical Alphabets -- 6.7. Phonological Structure and Phonetic Implementation -- 6.8. Phonetic Implementation and Classical Phonemics -- VII: Lexical Phonology and Psychological Reality -- 7.1. The Nature of Evidence in Phonology -- 7.2. Speaker Judgments -- 7.3. Phonemic Orthography -- 7.4. Conventions of Sound Patterning in Versification -- Conclusion -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400933873
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: A Learn Ability Theory and Anaphora -- On the Nonconcrete Relation between Evidence and Acquired Language -- B Is the parser constrained? -- Parsing Efficiency, Binding, C-command and Learnability -- Some Evidence for and Against a “Proximity Strategy” in the Acquisition of Subject Control Sentences -- Evidence against a Minimal Distance Principal in First Language Acquisition of Anaphora -- C Do the Constraints Emerge under Variable Experience? -- Underlying Redundancy and Its Reduction in a Language Developed Without a Language Model: Constraints Imposed by Conventional Linguistic Input -- Coreference Relations in American Sign Language -- The Acquisition of Pronominal Anaphora in American Sign Language by Deaf Children -- Principles of Pronoun Anaphora in the Acquisition of Oral Language by the Hearing-Impaired -- D Do Constraints Emerge in Acquisition of a Second Language? -- Second Language Acquisition of Pronoun Anaphora: Resetting the Parameter -- E Evidencing Grammatical Competence: Methodological Issues -- Children’s Interpretation of Pronouns and Null NPs: An Alternative View -- What Children Know: Methods for the Study of First Language Acquisition -- List of Contributors -- Table of Contents for Volume I -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Today, one fundamental set of issues confronts both the linguistic theory of 'Universal Grammar' and the psychological study of human cognition. These issues concern the question of to what degree and how the human mind is "programmed," presumably biologically, to acquire the complex knowiedge of human language. As discussed in Volume I, anaphora has been critical to this study because, while a critical property of language knowledge, it is largely underdetermined by available evidence. While most previous research projects have generally addressed these issues through either linguistic analyses or psychological analyses of language data, and have concerned themselves with either the role of innateness or the role of experience in language knowledge, this volume, with its predecessor, attempts to combine these approaches; in fact to develop a research paradigm for their joint study. While Volume I emphasized study of the content and nature of the initial state, i. e. , of the language faculty, this second volume emphasizes study of the way in which experience does or does not interact with this language faculty to determine language acquisition. We argue in the introduction that the issues addressed in Volume II are appreciable, if not necessary, com­ plements to those addressed in Volume I. This is not only because a more comprehensive model of language acquisition requires so, but because valid definition of the content of 'the initial state' may require so.
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937277
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: The Theory of Parameters and Syntactic Development -- Comments on Hyams -- Parameters and Learnability in Binding Theory -- Comments on Wexler and Manzini -- Deductive Parameters and the Growth of Empty Categories -- The Maturation of Syntax -- Comments on Borer and Wexler -- Parameter Setting and the Development of Pronouns and Reflexives -- Comments on Solan -- The Pro-Drop Parameter in Second Language Acquisition -- A Note on Phinney -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: In May 1985 the University of Massachusetts held the first conference on the parameter setting model of grammar and acquisition. The conference was conceived in the belief that there is a new possibility of tightly connecting grammatical studies and language acquisition studies, and that this new possibility has grown out of the new generation of ideas about the relation of Universal Grammar to the grammar of particular languages. The papers in this volume are all concerned in one way or another with the 'parametric' model of grammar, and with its role in explaining the acquisition of language. Before summarizing the accompanying papers, I would like to sketch the intellectual background of these new ideas. It has long been the acknowledged goal of grammatical theorists to explicate the relation between the experience of the child and the knowledge of the adult. Somehow, the child selects a unique grammar (by assumption) compatible with a random partially unreliable sample of some language. In the earliest work in generative grammar, starting with Chomsky's Aspects, and extending to such works as Jackendoffs Lexicalist Syntax (1977), the model of this account was the formal evaluation metric, accompanied by a general rule writing system. The model of acquisition was the following: the child composed a grammar by writing rules in the rule writing system, under the constraint that the rules must be compatible with the data, and that the grammar must be the one most highly valued by the evaluation metric.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789400937550
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences, A Yearbook 11
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social history.
    Abstract: I Co-operative Processes and the Production of Scientific Knowledge -- The Theoretical Significance of Co-operative Research -- The Practical Management of Scientists’ Actions: The Influence of Patterns of Knowledge Development in Biology on Cooperations Between University Biologists and Non-Scientists -- II Collaborations Between Scientists and Non-Scientists at the Grassroots -- Cooperation Between Medical Researchers and a Self-Help Movement: The Case of the German Retinitis Pigmentosa Society -- The Knowledge Interests of the Environmental Movement and Its Potential for Influencing the Development of Science -- The Scientist, the Fisherman and the Oyster Farmer -- What We Have Learned from the Amsterdam Science Shop -- III Collaborations in National Contexts -- The Orientation of the Public Sciences in a Post-Colonial-Society: The Experience of India -- Workers’ Faculties and the Development of Science Cadres in the First Decade of Soviet Power -- Intellectuals in Social Movements: The Experts of “Solidarity” -- IV Collaborations and the Emergence of New Scientific Fields -- Social Change, Trade Union Politics, and Sociology of Work -- Social Sciences and Political Projects: Reform Coalitions Between Social Scientists and Policy-Makers in France, Italy, and West Germany -- Attracting Audiences and the Emergence of Toxicology as a Practical Science -- Epilogue -- The Causes and Consequences of Collaborations Between Scientists and Non-Scientific Groups.
    Abstract: This volume of the Sociology of the Sciences Yearbooks stems from our experience that collaborations between non-scientists and scientists, often initiated by scientists seeking greater social relevance for science, can be of major importance for cognitive development. It seemed to us that it would be useful to explore the conditions under which such collaborations affect scientific change and the nature of the processes involved. This book therefore focuses on a number of instances in which scientists and non-scientists were jointly involved in the genera­ tion of scientific results at the "interface" of science and society. Despite the considerable variety of cases reported here, a number of questions are central. Under what conditions do such cooperative processes occur? What perceptions of social relevance and what sorts of col­ laborations with non-scientific groups are involved? How is this collaboration achieved, and through what forums? How can insights into its conditions and mechanisms stabilize such cooperations over a longer period of time? If they are stabilized, do they really affect science, or do they mainly function to shield the rest of the science system against external influences? These questions are pertinent both to intellectual problems in the sociology of science and to the practical concerns of modern science policies. The significance of relations between knowledge producers and knowledge consumers and interest in how these relations affect science and society have changed considerably in recent decades.
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  • 38
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Slavic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Balto-Slavic linguistic unity.
    Abstract: 0. Introduction -- 1 Previous Analyses of Hungarian Phrase Structure -- 1.1. The ‘Free Word Order’, or Fully Non-configurational Approach -- 1.2. The ‘NP VP’, or Fully Configurational Approach -- 1.3. The Partially Non-configurational Approach -- 2 Hungarian Phrase Structure -- 2.1. The Invariant Positions of the Hungarian Sentence -- 2.2. Base Rules -- 2.3. Movement into F -- 2.4. Movement into T -- 2.5. Quantifier-Raising -- 2.6. Summary, Implications for Universal Grammar -- 3 Long Wh-movement, or the Traditional Problem of Sentence Intertwining -- 3.1. Long Wh-movement as a Test for Structural Configuration -- 3.2. Sentence Intertwining in Hungarian -- 3.3. Subject-Object Symmetry in Hungarian Long Operator Movement -- 3.4. Conclusion -- 4 Questions of Binding and Coreference -- 4.1. Binding in Hungarian -- 4.2. The Coreference of Pronouns -- 4.3. Weak Crossover -- 4.4. Conclusion -- 5 Infinitival Constructions -- 5.1. Infinitives with an AGR Marker -- 5.2. Subject Control Constructions -- 5.3. The Problem of Governed PRO -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Index of Names -- General Index.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to argue for the claim that Hungarian sentence structure consists of a non-configurational propositional component, preceded by configurationally determined operator positions. In the course of this, various descriptive issues of Hungarian syntax will be analyzed, and various theoretical questions concerning the existence and nature of non­ configurational languages will be addressed. The descriptive problems to be examined in Chapters 2 and 3 center around the word order of Hungarian sentences. Chapter 2 identifies an invariant structure in the apparently freely permutable Hungarian sentence, pointing out systematic correspondences between the structural position, interpre­ tation, and stressing and intonation of the different constituents. Chapter 3 analyzes the word order phenomenon traditionally called 'sentence inter- I twining' of complex sentences, and shows that the term, in fact, covers two different constructions (a structure resulting from operator movement, and a base generated pattern) with differences in constituent order, operator scope and V-object agreement. Chapter 4 deals interpretation, case assignment, with the coreference possibilities of reflexives, reciprocals, personal pro­ nouns, and lexical NPs. Finally, Chapter 5 assigns structures to the two major sentence types containing an infinitive. It analyzes infinitives with an AGR marker and a lexical subject, focusing on the problem of case assignment to the subject, as well as subject control constructions, accounting for their often paradoxical, simultaneously mono- and biclausal behaviour in respect to word order, operator scope, and V-object agreement.
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  • 39
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Indic philology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Indians—Languages. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1: Grammatical Notes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basics -- 3. Major Lexical Classes -- 4. Minor Lexical Classes -- 5. Flagging -- 6. Word Order -- 7. Construction Survey -- 2: Theoretical Sketch -- 1. Arcs -- 2. Sponsor and Erase -- 3. Ancestral Relations -- 4. Pair Networks -- 5. Resolution of Overlapping Arcs -- 6. Coordinate Determination -- 7. Rules and Laws -- 8. Word Order -- 9. APG Versions of RG Laws -- 3: Inflection and Agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Moods and Aspects -- 3. Cross-referencing Person -- 4. Cross-referencing Number -- 5. The Optionality of Number Agreement -- 6. Agreement and Covert Arguments -- 7. APG Account of Agreement -- 4: Passive Clauses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Syntax of Passive Clauses -- 3. Tzotzil Passive Rules (APG) -- 5: Reflexive Clauses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reflexive Clauses -- 3. Reciprocal Coreference -- 4. Tzotzil Rules (APG) -- 6: Unaccusative Clauses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reflexive Unaccusative Clauses -- 3. Plain Unaccusative Clauses -- 4. Verb Classification -- 5. Tzotzil Rules (APG) -- 7: Ditransitive Clauses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ditransitive Clauses -- 3. 3-to-2 Advancement -- 4. Non-Existence of Final Indirect Objects -- 5. Restrictions on Advancement -- 6. Ditransitive Perfect Passives -- 7. Tzotzil Rules (APG) -- 8. Conclusion -- 8: Possessor Ascension -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Possessor Ascension -- 3. Coreference Condition 1 -- 4. Restriction on Ascension Host -- 5. Tzotzil Possessor Ascension Rule -- 6. The Unique 3 Arc Constraint -- 7. Optional Cases of Possessor Ascension -- 8. Coreference Condition 2 -- 9. Possessor Ascension in Discourse -- 10. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules -- 11. Conclusion -- 9: Topic, Focus, and Copy Possessor Ascension -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Distinguishing Topic and Focus -- 3. Surface Constituency in Possessor Ascension Structures -- 4. Topic and Focus -- 5. Copy and Coreferential Pronouns -- 6. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules -- 10: Surrogate Agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Possessor Ascension -- 3. Conjunct Union -- 4. Summary -- 5. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules -- 6. Conclusion -- 11: Clause Unions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Causative Clause Union -- 3. Abilitative Clause Union -- 4. Summary -- 5. APG Laws and Tzotzil Rules -- 12: Quantification and Initial Absolutives -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quantifiers -- 3. Prepredicate Quantifiers without Classifier -- 4. Prepredicate Quantifiers with Classifier -- 5. Postpredicate Quantifiers -- 6. Grammatical Relations versus Linear Order -- 7. Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Phonological Rules -- 1. Deletion of Stem-initial Glottal Stop -- 2. Deletion of Prevocalic A3 Prefix -- 3. Neutral Aspect Marker -- 4. Spirant Assimilation -- 5. Contraction -- 6. Geminate Reduction -- 7. Vowel Deletion -- References.
    Abstract: xv NOTES ON THE ORTHOGRAPHY AND CITATIONS xxi LIST OF ABBREVIA TIONS XXIIl CHAPTER 1: GRAMMATICAL NOTES 1 1. Introduction 1 2. Basics 1 3. Major Lexical Classes 2 3. 1. V 3 3. 2. N 3 3. 3. A 5 3. 3. 1. Quantifiers 6 3. 3. 2. Existentials and Locatives 6 4. Minor Lexical Classes 7 4. 1. Clitics 7 4. 1. 1. Clause-proclitic 7 4. 1. 2. S-enclitic 8 4. 1. 3. V-enclitic 8 4. 1. 4. Clause-second 9 4. 2. Directionals 9 4. 3. Particles 11 5. Flagging 11 6. Word Order 12 7. Construction Survey 12 7. 1. Negation 12 13 7. 2. Questions 7. 3. Complement Clauses 14 16 7. 4. Motion cum Purpose 17 7. 5. Topics 7. 6. Prepredicate Position 18 19 Notes CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL SKETCH 20 20 1. Arcs vii Vlll T ABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 1. Sets of Grammatical Relations 22 1. 2. Stratum 24 Ergative and Absolutive 1. 3. 25 1. 4. 25 Formal Connections between Arcs 2. Sponsor and Erase 26 2. 1. Successors 26 2. 2. Replacers 28 2. 3. Self-Sponsor and Self-Erase 30 3. Ancestral Relations 31 4. Pair Networks 31 Resolution of Overlapping Arcs 32 5. 6. Coordinate Determination 33 7. Rules and Laws 35 8. Word Order 36 9. APG Versions of RG Laws 36 9. 1. Stratal Uniqueness Law 36 9. 2. Chomeur Law and Motivated Chomage Law 36 Relational Succession Law and Host Limitation Law 9. 3.
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  • 40
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400934030
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 1. Towards a Theory of Mixed Categories -- 2. Overview of the Structure of Quechua -- 2: Syntactic Categories and Their Projections -- 1. Nominalized Clauses versus Main Clauses -- 2. Nominalizations and the Syntactic Categories of Quechua -- 3. Transcategorial Constructions -- 4. Summary -- 3: Morphology and Syntax -- 1. Quechua Nominalizations and Their Morphology -- 2. Affixes versus Clitics -- 3. The Lexical Entry and Its Constitution -- 4. The Lexicon and Syntax -- 5. Summary -- 4: Case -- 1. Case as an X? Phenomenon -- 2. Types of Case Assignment -- 3. Structural Case Assignment -- 4. Case Marking in Prepositional Phrases, Adjectival Phrases and Noun Phrases -- 5. The Case Filter -- 6. Summary -- 5: Move Case -- 1. Extraction Facts in Quechua -- 2. Raising as Move CASE -- 3. Wh-movement as Move CASE -- 4. Move CASE and the Non-Configurational Properties of Quechua -- 5. Summary -- 6: Complementation Versus Relativization -- 1. The Structure of Relative Clauses -- 2. -q Relatives and Other -q Clauses -- 3. Non-Subject Relative Clauses -- 4. Free Relatives -- 5. Summary -- 7: Nominalized Clauses as Propositions -- 1. Clause Typology -- 2. Propositionality and AUX -- 3. Types of Tense in Quechua -- 4. Clauses without INFL: Restructuring Verbs -- 5. Predication and the Complements of Perception Verbs -- 6. Typology of Clauses Revisited -- 7. Summary -- 8: Module Interaction and Category Theory -- 8.1. Listing the Properties of Quechua -- 8.2. Relating these Properties to Each Other: Module Interaction -- General References -- Index of Names.
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  • 41
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400938472
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Royal Institute of Philosophy Conferences 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Arts. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Abstracting and Depicting -- Depiction and the Golden Calf -- Painting, Expression, Abstraction -- Dimensions of Meaning -- Cubism — abstract or realist? -- Representing and Abstracting -- Alienation and Disalienation in Abstract Art -- On Attempting to Define Abstract Art -- On Being an Abstract Artist -- II Depicting Colours -- Identity, Predication and Colour -- Colour Systems and Perception in Early Abstract Painting -- Colour, Culture and Cinematography -- Form and Meaning in Colour -- Colour Appearances and the Colour Solid -- III The Limits of Depiction -- Perspective and Meaning: Illusion, Allusion and Collusion -- Looking at Pictures and Looking at Things -- Some New Problems in Perspective -- The Limits of Portrayal -- Bibliography of Works Cited.
    Abstract: This volume consists of papers given to the Royal Institute of Philos­ ophy Conference on 'Philosophy and the Visual Arts: Seeing and Abstracting' given at the University of Bristol in September 1985. The contributors here come about equally from the disciplines of Philosophy and Art History and for that reason the Conference was hosted jointly by the Bristol University Departments of Philosophy and History of Art. Other conferences sponsored by the Royal Institute of Philosophy have been concerned with links between Philosophy and related disciplines, but here, with the generous support of South West Arts and with the enthusiastic co-operation of the staff of the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol we were able to attempt even more in the way of bridge building; not only were we able to hold some of our meetings in as possible to the general the Gallery, thus making them as accessible public, but we were also privileged in having our discussions supported by two exhibitions of contemporary painting that together presented contrasting aspects of the abstracting enterprise. One, featuring works by Ian McKeever, and drawings and painting by Frank Auerbach, some of which are discussed and illustrated in the present volume, was about the painterly exploration of 'abstracting from' images in nature and in painting itself. The other, curated by Waldemar Januszczak, while showing some figurative works, was concerned with the 'pure' power of colour perceived 'abstractly, in its own right.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401749848
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 357 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general ; Indo-Iranian philology ; Linguistics ; Oriental languages.
    Abstract: One: A Concise English Grammar -- 1: Grammar and Contrastive Grammar -- 2: The Units of Grammatical Description -- Two: The Structures of English and Dutch Compared -- 3: Nouns, Noun Phrases and Pronouns -- 4: Verbs and Verb Phrases -- 5: Adjectives and Adjective Phrases Adverbs and Adverb Phrases Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases -- 6: The Sentence -- Appendix I List of Irregular Verbs in English -- II Inventory of Spelling Rules -- Select Bibliography.
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401577298
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 268 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Monographs 5
    Keywords: Humanities
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789400944107
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (900 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project Foundation 2
    Series Statement: Rembrandt Research Project Foundation 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Arts.
    Abstract: Since the second half of the last century art historians, realizing that the image of Rembrandt’s work had become blurred with time, have attempted to redefine the artist’s significance both as a source of inspiration to other artists and as a great artist in his own right. In order to carry on the work started by previous generations, a group of leading Dutch art historians from the university and museum world joined forces in the late 1960s in order to study afresh the paintings usually ascribed to the artist. The researchers came together in the Rembrandt Research Project which was established to provide the art world with a new standard reference work which would serve the community of art historians for the nearby and long future. They examined the originals of all works attributed to Rembrandt taking full advantage of today’s sophisticated techniques including radiography, neutron activation autoradiography, dendrochronology and paint sample analysis - thereby gaining valuable insight into the genesis and condition of the paintings. The result of this meticulous research is laid down chronologically in the following Volumes: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume I, which deals with works from Rembrandt’s early years in Leiden(1629-1631), published in 1982. THIS VOLUME: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume II, covering his first years in Amsterdam (1631-1634), published in 1986. A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, Volume III, goes into his later years of reputation (1635-1642), published in 1990. Each Volume consists of a number of Introductory Chapters as well as the full Catalogue of all paintings from the given time period attributed to Rembrandt. In this catalogue each painting is discussed and examined in a detailed way, comprising a descriptive, an interpretative and a documentary section. For the authenticity evaluation of the paintings three different categories are used to divide the works in: A. Paintings by Rembrandt, B. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be positively either accepted or rejected, and C. Paintings of which Rembrandt’s authorship cannot be accepted. This volume (Volume II) contains 900 pages, starting of with five introductory chapters and discussing 101 paintings. In clear and accessible explanatory text all different paintings are discussed, larded with immaculate images of each painting. Details are shown where possible, as well as the results of modern day technical imaging
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789400945609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Galileo that Feyerabend Missed: An Improved Case Against Method -- Cartesian Method as Mythic Speech: A Diachronic and Structural Analysis -- Steady as a Rock: Methodology and Moving Continents -- Methodology as a Normative Conceptual Problem: The Case of the Indian ‘Warped Zipper’ Model of DNA -- Inside the Cell: Genetic Methodology and the Case of the Cytoplasm -- The Order of Ideas: Condillac’s Method of Analysis as a Political Instrument in the French Revolution -- Method and the ‘Micropolitics’ of Science: The Early Years of the Geological and Astronomical Societies of London -- Scientific Method and the Rhetoric of Science in Britain, 1830–1917 -- Notes On Contributors -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Indic philology ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Indians—Languages.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 1. Choctaw verb agreement -- 2. Other problems in Choctaw -- 3. Results of the study -- 2: Two Classes of Intransitive Predicates -- 1. Properties of Choctaw subjects -- 2. The two classes of intransitives and the Unaccusative Hypothesis -- 3. Final 1hood of unaccusative subjects -- 4. The role of the Unaccusative Hypothesis -- 5. Summary -- 3: Dative Beneficiaries and Dative Possessors -- 1. Dative beneficiaries -- 2. Dative possessors -- 3. Summary -- 4: The Double Accusative Construction -- 1. The structure of the subject -- 2. The Antipassive structure -- 3. The configuration of the initial 2 -- 4. Possessor Ascension and the Antipassive structure -- 5. Conclusions -- 5: Dative Subjects -- 1. Characterization of the dative subject -- 2. Characterizing the object -- 3. The failure of an alternative analysis -- 4. Conclusion -- 6: Dative Direct Objects -- 1. The dative direct object -- 2. Accusative subject/dative direct object clauses -- 3. Inversion and 2–3 Retreat -- 4. Demotions in Universal Grammar -- 7: A Proposal for Verb Agreement -- 1. An account of Choctaw verb agreement -- 2. Disjunctive application of agreement rules -- 3. Summary -- Appendix: Switch-reference and disjunctive rule application -- 8: The Interaction of Agreement and Case -- 1. Transparency of agreement and case -- 2. Agreement as a lexical property -- 3. A proposal for agreement and case -- 4. Conclusion -- References.
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: A Theoretical Base -- Reflections on Anaphora -- Center and Periphery in the Grammar of Anaphora -- Fundamental Issues in the Theory of Binding -- B First Language Acquisition: Experimental Studies -- 1. Null (Bound) Anaphora -- How Children Acquire Bound Variables -- 2. Pronoun (Free) Anaphora -- The 3-D Study: Effects of Depth, Distance and Directionality on Children’s Acquisition of Anaphora -- 3. Distinguishing Bound and Free Anaphora -- A Comparison of Null and Pronoun Anaphora in First Language Acquisition -- 4. Control -- Syntactic and Lexical Constraints on the Acquisition of Control in Complement Sentences -- C Commentary -- Crossover Between Acquisition Research and Government and Binding Theory: Comments on the Paper by Tom Roeper -- Blocked Forwards Coreference: Theoretical Implications of the Acquisition Data -- List Of Contributors -- Table of Contents for Volume II -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is addressed to a central area' of current linguistics and psycholinguistics: anaphora. It is a collection of independent studies by individuals who are currently working, on probleJ,IlS in this area. The book includes two independent volumes. The major focus of these volumes is a psycholinguistic problem: the first language acquisition of anaphora. The volumes are intended to provide a basic reference source for the study of this one central, critical area of language competence. They combine results from the interdisciplinary study this area has attracted in recent years. Each of the studies collected here is intended to be readable indepen­ dently of the others. Thus a theoretical linguist or psycholinguist may each use this book only in part. Two basic assumptions underlie this collection of studies. (1) Signifi­ cant psycholinguistic study of the problem of first language acquisition requires a basis in linguistic theory. We look to linguistic theory (a) for the formulation of testable hypotheses which are coherent with a general theoretical model of language competence, and which, by empirical confirmation or disconfirmation, will have consequences which can be integra~ed in a general theory of language and of mind. This is because we pursue explanation ~f the problem of firs~ language acquisition, not merely description. (b) We also look to linguistic theory for precision in the description of language stimuli and language behavior in empirical studies. This is in order to promote replicability and interpretability of empirical results: .
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789400947245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences 10
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social history.
    Abstract: I The Design of Knowledge Society -- The Growing Impact of Scientific Knowledge on Social Relations -- Finite Human Capacities and the Pattern of Social Stratification in a Knowledge Society -- II The Social Role of Men of Knowledge -- Demarcation as a Strategy of Exclusion: Philosophers and Sophists -- Scientists Protect Their Cognitive Authority: The Status Degradation Ceremony of Sir Cyril Burt -- The Reproduction of Objective Knowledge: Common Sense Reasoning in Medical Decision Making -- III Processes of Scientification -- The Scientification of Police Work -- The Scientification of Architecture -- Knowledge Form and Scientific Community: Early Experimental Biology and the Marine Biological Laboratory.
    Abstract: The original essays collected here under the general title of The Knowledge Society were first commissioned for a conference held in the late fall of 1984 at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, West Germany. The conference in Darmstadt saw a larger number of contribu­ tions presented than could be accommodated in this edition of the Sociol­ ogy of the Sciences Yearbook. However, all contributions were important and affected those published in this collection. We are therefore grateful to all participants of the Darmstadt conference for their presentations and for their intense, useful as well as thoughtful discussion of all papers. Those chosen for publication in the Yearbook and those undoubtedly to be published elsewhere have all benefitted considerably from our discussions in Darmstadt which also included a number of the members of the edito­ rial board of the Yearbook. In addition, we are pleased that the authors were able to read and comment further on each other's papers prior to publication. As is the case in every endeavor of this kind, we have incurred many debts and are only able to acknowledge these at this point publicly while expressing our sincere thanks and appreciation for all the intellectual sup­ port and the considerable labor invested by a number of persons in the realization of the collection.
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  • 49
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400946385
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: 1. Linguistic Theory and Syntactic Development -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Parameterized Theory of UG -- 3. An Overview -- 4. The Theory of Grammar -- Notes -- 2. The Null Subject Phenomenon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Structure of INFL -- 3. Null Subjects and the Identity of AG -- 4. Summary -- Notes -- 3. The AG/PRO Parameter in Early Grammars -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Null Subjects in Early Language -- 3. The Early Grammar of English (G1) -- 4. The Restructuring of G1 -- 5. Summary -- Notes -- 4. Some Comparative Data -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Early Grammars of English and Italian: A Comparison -- 3. Early German -- Notes -- 5. Discontinuous Models of Linguistic Development -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Semantically-Based Child Grammars -- 3. Semantically-Based Grammars: Some Empirical Inadequacies -- Notes -- 6. Further Issues in Acquisition Theory -- 1. Summary -- 2. The Initial State -- 3. Instantaneous vs. Non-Instantaneous Acquisition 168 Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is perhaps the most stunning available demonstration of the explanatory power of the parametric approach to linguistic theory. It is akin, not to a deductive proof, but to the discovery of a footprint in a far-off place which leaves an archeologist elated. The book is full of intricate reasoning, but the stunning aspect is that the reasoning moves between not only complex syntax and diverse languages, but it makes predictions about what two-year-old children will assume about the jumble of linguistic input that confronts them. Those predictions, Hyams shows, are supported by a discriminating analysis of acquisition data in English and Italian. Let us examine the linguistic context for a moment before we discuss her theory. The ultimate issue in linguistic theory is the explanation of how a child can acquire any human language. To capture this fact we must posit an innate mechanism which meets two opposite constraints: it must be broad enough to account for the diversity of human language, and narrow enough so that the child does not make irrelevant hypotheses about his own language, particularly ones from which there is no recovery. That is, a child must not posit a grammar which permits all of the sentences of a language as well as other sentences which are not in the language. In a word, the child must not create a language in which one cannot make adult discriminations between grammatical and ungrammatical.
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945401
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I/Constraints on Denotations -- 1 / Determiners -- 2 / Quantifiers -- 3 / All Categories -- 4 / Conditionals -- 5 / Tense and Modality -- 6 / Natural Logic -- II/Dynamics of Interpretation -- 7 / Categorial Grammar -- 8 / Semantic Automata -- III/Methodology of Semantics -- 9 / Logical Semantics as an Empirical Science -- 10/ The Logic of Semantics -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Recent developments in the semantics of natural language seem to lead to a genuine synthesis of ideas from linguistics and logic, producing novel concepts and questions of interest to both parent disciplines. This book is a collection of essays on such new topics, which have arisen over the past few years. Taking a broad view, developments in formal semantics over the past decade can be seen as follows. At the beginning stands Montague's pioneering work, showing how a rigorous semantics can be given for complete fragments of natural language by creating a suitable fit between syntactic categories and semantic types. This very enterprise already dispelled entrenched prejudices concerning the separation of linguistics and logic. Having seen the light, however, there is no reason at all to stick to the letter of Montague's proposals, which are often debatable. Subsequently, then, many improvements have been made upon virtually every aspect of the enterprise. More sophisticated grammars have been inserted (lately, lexical-functional grammar and generalized phrase structure grammar), more sensitive model structures have been developed (lately, 'partial' rather than 'total' in their com­ position), and even the mechanism of interpretation itself may be fine-tuned more delicately, using various forms of 'representations' mediating between linguistic items and semantic reality. In addition to all these refinements of the semantic format, descriptive coverage has extended considerably.
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Phonology ; African Languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology.
    Abstract: one: Introduction -- 1. Lexical Phonology -- 2. Tiered Phonology -- 3. Tone and Lexical Phonology -- Two: The Relevance of Downstep for a Phonetic Component -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some General Properties of Downstep -- 3. The Overall Model -- 4. Downstep in Tiv: Evidence for Floating L-tones -- 5. Downstep in Dschang: More Evidence for Floating Tones -- 6. Post-lexical vs. Phonetic Rules -- Notes -- Three: Morphological Encoding and the Association Conventions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Cycle -- 3. Association Conventions -- 4. Morphological Encoding — Alternative Approaches -- Four: Underspecification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Default Rules -- 3. Yala Ikom Reduplication -- 4. Yoruba -- 5. Values for Default Rules -- 6. Constraints on Underspecification -- 7. Ordering of Default Rules -- 8. Referring to Free Skeletal Positions -- 9. Core Values vs. Autosegments -- 10. Conclusion -- Notes -- Five: Accent -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Diacritics -- 3. Melodies -- 4. Tonga -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Six: Rule Properties -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Prelinking -- 3. Extratonality: the Case of Margi -- 4. Polarity -- 5. Assignment of Rules to Components -- Notes -- References -- Index of Languages -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is a revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation that was submitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983. Although much of the analysis and argumentation of the dissertation has survived rewriting, the organization has been considerably changed. To Paul Kiparsky and Morris Halle, lowe a major debt. Not only has it been a great privilege to work on phonology with both of them, but it is hard to imagine what this piece of research would have looked like without them. (They, of course, may well imagine a number of appropriate ways in which the work could be different had I not been involved .... ) In addition, special thanks are due to Ken Hale, the third member of my thesis committee. Our discussions of a variety of topics (including tone) helped me to keep a broader outlook on language than might have otherwise been the result of concentrating on a thesis topic.
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  • 52
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945722
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Scandinavian languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Germanic languages.
    Abstract: Swedish and the Head-Feature Convention -- Clause-Bounded Reflexives in Modern Icelandic -- The Typology of Anaphoric Dependencies: Icelandic (and Other) Reflexives -- Some Comments on Reflexivization in Icelandic -- On Anaphora and Predication in Norwegian -- The Double Object Construction in Danish -- Som and the Binding Theory -- COMP, INFL, and Germanic Word Order -- On Auxiliaries, AUX and VPs in Icelandic -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The present collection of papers grew out of a Workshop on Scandinavian Syntax and Theory of Grammar, held in Trondheim in 1982. Five of the contributions - those by Maling, Herslund, Cooper, Platzack and Thniinsson - are developments of papers read at this workshop, and all of the contributions reflect (and have partly inspired) the strong momentum which this area of research has gained over the last few years. It is our hope that the collection will be useful for those who want to familiarize themselves with this research, as well as for those actively engaged in it. We are grateful to the authors for their collaboration in getting the volume together, and to Frank Heny and the Reidel staff (Martin Scrivener, editor, in particular) for their help, encouragement and patience through the various phases of the production of this book. Very many thanks also to our anonymous referees, and to Elisabet Engdahl for help and advice. KIRST! KOCH CHRISTENSEN LARS HELLAN vii LARS HELLAN AND KIRSTI KOCH CHRISTENSEN INTRODUCTION O. INTRODUCTION A natural theoretical perspective for a language-family-oriented anthology like the present one is that of COMPARATIVE RESEARCH. This is not to say that the papers of this volume are all focused on comparative issues (in fact, most of them are not), but rather that the language family from which most of the data are drawn lends itself naturally to comparative studies.
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  • 53
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (488p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: I: Verb Classes -- I: Intransitive Verbs and Auxiliaries -- 2: The Syntax of Inversion -- 3: on Reconstruction and Other Matters -- II: Complex Predicates -- 4: Causative Constructions -- 5: Restructuring Constructions -- 6: Reflexives -- Closing Remarks -- Index of Names -- Analytical Index.
    Abstract: In the course of our everyday lives, we generally take our knowledge of language for granted. Occasionally, we may become aware of its great practical importance, but we rarely pay any attention to the formal properties that language has. Yet these properties are remarkably complex. So complex that the question immediately arises as to how we could know so much. The facts that will be considered in this book should serve well to illustrate this point. We will see for example that verbs like arrivare 'arrive' and others like telefonare 'telephone', which are superficially similar, actually differ in a large number of respects, some fairly well known, others not. Why should there be such differencces. we may ask. And why should it be that if a verb behaves like arrivare and unlike tetefonare in one respect. it will do so in all others consistently, and how could everyone know it? To take another case, Italian has two series of pronouns: stressed and unstressed. Thus, for example, alongside of reflexive se stesso 'himself which is the stressed form. one finds si which is unstressed but otherwise synonymous. Yet we will see that the differences between the two could not simply be stress versus lack of stress, as their behavior is radically different under a variety of syntactic conditions.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789401734615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 92
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 92
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I / The Earlier Conversation -- One / Two Generations -- Two / Beyond the Enlightenment: Comte and the New Problem of Social Science -- Three / Mill and the ‘Ascent To Causes’ -- Four / Quetelet: Rates and Their Explanation -- Five / The Interregnum -- II / Durkheim as a Methodolog’ist -- Six / Realism, Teleology, and Action -- Seven / Collective Forces, Causation, and Probability -- Eight / Durkheim’s Individual -- III / Weber On Action -- Nine / Objective Possibility and Adequate Cause -- Ten / Rationality and Action -- Eleven / Large-Scale Explanations: Aggregation and Interpretation -- Epilog / The End of the Ascent -- Notes.
    Abstract: Stephen Turner has explored the ongms of social science in this pioneering study of two nineteenth century themes: the search for laws of human social behavior, and the accumulation and analysis of the facts of such behavior through statistical inquiry. The disputes were vigorously argued; they were over questions of method, criteria of explanation, interpretations of probability, understandings of causation as such and of historical causation in particular, and time and again over the ways of using a natural science model. From his careful elucidation of John Stuart Mill's proposals for the methodology of the social sciences on to his original analysis of the methodological claims and practices of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, Turner has beautifully traced the conflict between statistical sociology and a science offactual description on the one side, and causal laws and a science of nomological explanation on the other. We see the works of Comte and Quetelet, the critical observations of Herschel, Buckle, Venn and Whewell, and the tough scepticism of Pearson, all of these as essential to the works of the classical founders of sociology. With Durkheim's essay on Suicide and Weber's monograph on The Protestant Ethic, Turner provides both philosophical analysis to demonstrate the continuing puzzles over cause and probability and also a perceptive and wry account of just how the puzzles of our late twentieth century are of a piece with theirs. The terms are still familiar: reasons vs.
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400953178
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 337 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Royal Institute of Philosophy Conferences 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: The End of Metaphysics: Philosophy’s Supreme Fiction? -- ‘The End of Metaphysics’ and the Historiography of Philosophy -- The End of Metaphysics: A Comment -- Reply to Ayers and Manser -- Epistemology without Foundations -- Philosophy after Rorty -- Comment on Rorty -- ‘Heterodox’, ‘Xenodox’, and Hermeneutic Dialogue -- Reply to Mary Hesse -- Occultism and Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century -- Occultism and Reason -- Reply to Simon Schaffer -- First Philosophy and Natural Philosophy in Descartes -- Cartesian Science in France, 1660–1700 -- Caricatures in the History of Philosophy: The Case of Spinoza -- Leibniz’s Break with Cartesian ‘Rationalism’ -- Lockean Mechanism -- Lockean Mechanism: A Comment -- Hume and the “Metaphysical Argument A Priori” -- The Historical and Philosophical Significance of Hume’s Theory of the Self -- Kant’s Refutation of Idealism -- The Hagiography of Common Sense: Dugald Stewart’s Account of the Life and Writings of Thomas Reid.
    Abstract: The Royal Institute of Philosophy has been sponsoring conferences in alternate years since 1969. These have from the start been intended to be of interest to persons who are not philosophers by profession. They have mainly focused on interdisciplinary areas such as the philosophies of psychology, education and the social sciences. The volumes arising from these conferences have included discussions between philosophers and distinguished practitioners of other disciplines relevant to the chosen topic. Beginning with the 1979 conference on 'Law, Morality and Rights' and the 1981 conference on 'Space, Time and Causality' these volumes are now constituted as a series. It is h.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789400954106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 26
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction to Game-Theoretical Semantics -- 1. General -- 2. Formal first-order languages -- 3. Equivalence with Tarski-type truth-definitions -- 4. Translation to higher-order languages -- 5. Partially ordered quantifiers -- 6. Subgames and functional interpretations -- 7. Extension to natural languages -- 8. Similarities and differences between formal and natural languages -- 9. Competing ordering principles -- 10. Atomic sentences -- 11. Further rules for natural languages -- 12. Explanatory strategies -- Notes to Part I -- II: Definite Descriptions -- 1. Russell on definite descriptions -- 2. Prima facie difficulties with Russell’s theory -- 3. Can we localize Russell’s theory? -- 4. Game-theoretical solution to the localization problem -- 5. Anaphoric “the” in formal languages -- 6. Applications -- 7. Epithetic and counterepithetic the-phrases -- 8. Vagaries of the alleged head-anaphor relation -- 9. The anaphoric use of definite descriptions as a semantical phenomenon -- 10. The quantifier-exclusion phenomenon in natural languages -- 11. Inductive choice sets -- 12. Other uses of “the” -- 13. The Russellian use -- 14. The generic use motivated -- 15. Conclusions from the “pragmatic deduction” -- Notes to Part II -- III: Towards a Semantical Theory of Pronominal Anaphora -- I: Different Approaches to Anaphora -- II: A Game-Theoretical Approach to Anaphora -- III: The Exclusion Principle -- IV: General Theoretical Issues -- V: GTS expalains Coreference Restrictions -- VI: Comparisons with Other Treatments -- Notes to Part III -- Name Index.
    Abstract: I n order to appreciate properly what we are doing in this book it is necessary to realize that our approach to linguistic theorizing differs from the prevailing views. Our approach can be described by indicating what distinguishes it from the methodological ideas current in theoretical linguistics, which I consider seriously misguided. Linguists typically construe their task in these days as that of making exceptionless generalizations from particular examples. This explanatory strategy is wrong in several different ways. It presupposes that we can have "intuitions" about particular examples, usually examples invented by the linguist himself or herself, reliable and sharp enough to serve as a basis of sharp generalizations. It also presupposes that we cannot have equally reliable direct access to general linguistic regularities. Both assumptions appear to me extremely dubious, and the first of them has in effect been challenged by linguists like Dwight Bol inger. There is also some evidence that the degree of unanimity among linguists is fairly low when it comes to less clear cases, even in connection with such relatively simple questions as grammaticality (acceptability). For this reason we have tried to rely more on quotations from contemporary fiction, newspapers and magazines than on linguists' and philosophers' ad hoc examples. I also find it strange that some of the same linguists as believe that we all possess innate ideas about general characteristics of humanly possible grammars assume that we can have access to them only via their particular consequences.
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  • 57
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    ISBN: 9789400952393
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (312p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences a Yearbook 9
    Series Statement: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay -- Knowledge Producers and Knowledge Acquirers: Popularisation as a Relation Between Scientific Fields and Their Publics -- I Expository Contexts and Knowledge Types -- Expository Practice: Social, Cognitive and Epistemological Linkage -- Popularisation within the Sciences: The Purposes and Consequences of Inter-Specialist Communication -- Representing Geology: Textual Structures in the Pedagogical Presentation of Science -- Attuning Science to Culture: Scientific and Popular Discussion in Dutch Sociology of Education, 1960–1980 -- The Reaction to Political Radicalism and the Popularisation of Political Economy in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain: The Case of ‘Productive’ and ‘Unproductive’ Labour -- II The Scientific Appropriation of Major Publics -- Media Sensationalisation and Science: The Case of the Criminal Chromosome -- Speaking out about Competition: An Essay on The Double Helix as Popularisation -- Popularisation and Scientific Controversy: The Case of the Theory of Relativity in France -- The Cathedral of French Science: The Early Years of the Palais de la Découverte -- Spreading the Spirit of Science: Social Determinants of the Popularisation of Science in Nineteenth-Century Germany -- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Meets the Atom Bomb -- III The Social Appropriation of Science -- Industrial Science as a “Show”: A Case-Study of Georges Claude -- Popular Political Economy for the British Working Class Reader in the Nineteenth Century -- IV A Practitioner’s View of Popularisation -- Impacts of Present-Day Popularisation.
    Abstract: The prevailing view of scientific popularization, both within academic circles and beyond, affirms that its objectives and procedures are unrelated to tasks of cognitive development and that its pertinence is by and large restricted to the lay public. Consistent with this view, popularization is frequently portrayed as a logical and hence inescapable consequence of a culture dominated by science-based products and procedures and by a scientistic ideology. On another level, it is depicted as a quasi-political device for chan­ nelling the energies of the general public along predetermined paths; examples of this are the nineteenth-century Industrial Revolution and the U. S. -Soviet space race. Alternatively, scientific popularization is described as a carefully contrived plan which enables scientists or their spokesmen to allege that scientific learn­ ing is equitably shared by scientists and non-scientists alike. This manoeuvre is intended to weaken the claims of anti-scientific protesters that scientists monopolize knowledge as a means of sustaining their social privileges. Pop­ ularization is also sometimes presented as a psychological crutch. This, in an era of increasing scientific specialisation, permits the researchers involved to believe that by transcending the boundaries of their narrow fields, their endeavours assume a degree of general cognitive importance and even extra­ scientific relevance. Regardless of the particular thrust of these different analyses it is important to point out that all are predicated on the tacit presupposition that scientific popularization belongs essentially to the realm of non-science, or only concerns the periphery of scientific activity.
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  • 58
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    ISBN: 9789400954144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Adverbs and Events -- II / Adverbs of Space and Time -- III / Interval Semantics and Logical Words -- Appendix to Chapter III (1985) -- IV / Prepositions and Points of View -- V / Interval Semantics for Some Event Expressions -- VI / Adverbs of Causation -- VII / Adverbial Modification in Situation Semantics -- Bibliographical Index -- General Index.
    Abstract: Adverbial modification is probably one of the least understood areas of linguistics. The essays in this volume all address the problem of how to give an analysis of adverbial modifiers within truth-conditional semantics. Chapters I-VI provide analyses of particular modifiers within a possible­ worlds framework, and were written between 1974 and 1981. Original publication details of these chapters may be found on p. vi. Of these, all but Chapter I make essential use of the idea that the time reference involved in tensed sentences should be a time interval rather than a single instant. The final chapter (Chapter VII) was written especially for this volume and investigates the question of how the 'situation semantics' recently devised by Jon Barwise and John Perry, as a rival to possible-worlds semantics, might deal with adverbs. In addition I have included an appendix to Chapter III and an introduction which links all the chapters together.
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  • 59
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    ISBN: 9789400952775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Language Library, Text and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 25
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: I. The Semantic Variability of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Introduction to Free Adjuncts and Absolutes in English -- 2. Traditional Thoughts on the Semantic Variability of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 3. Plan of Discussion -- 4. Some Syntactic Conventions -- Footnotes -- II. Modality and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. The Semantic Bifurcation of Free Adjuncts in Modal Contexts -- 2. Explaining the Entailment Properties of Strong and Weak Adjuncts in Modal Contexts -- 3. A Semantic Correlate of the Distinction between Strong and Weak Adjuncts -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- III. Tense and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. The Temporal Reference of Free Adjuncts -- 3. Frequency Adverbs and the Distinction between Strong and Weak Adjuncts -- 4. A Generalization Operator -- 5. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- IV. Aspect and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 1. The Perfect Tense and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 2. An Argument for Free Adjuncts as Main Tense Adverbs -- 3. The Progressive Aspect and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- V. The Formal Semantics of Absolutes -- 1. Modality and the Interpretation of Absolutes -- 2. Tense and the Interpretation of Absolutes -- 3. Absolutes as Main Tense Adverbs -- 4. Chapter Summary -- Footnotes -- VI. Inference and the Logical Role of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Summary of the Proposed Semantic Analysis of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 2. The Role of Inference in the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 3. On the Possibility of Deriving Absolute Constructions from Adverbial Subordinate Clauses -- 4. On the Possibility that the Logical Role of an Absolute Construction is Always Inferred -- 5. Theoretical Implications -- Footnotes -- Appendix - A Formal Fragment for Free Adjuncts and Absolutes -- 1. Intensional Logic -- 2. Syntax and Translation Rules for a Fragment of English -- 2.1. Syntax -- 2.2. Translation -- References -- Index of Names -- General Index.
    Abstract: The goal of this book is to investigate the semantics of absolute constructions in English; specifically, my object is to provide an explanation for the semantic variability of such constructions. As has been widely noted in traditional grammatical studies of English, free adjuncts and absolute phrases have the ability to playa number of specific logical roles in the sentences in which they appear; yet, paradoxically, they lack any overt indication of their logical connection to the clause which they modify. How, then, is the logical function of an absolute construction determined? In attempting to answer this question, one must inevitably address a number of more general issues: Is the meaning assigned to a linguistic expression necessarily determined by linguistic rules, or can the grammar of a language in some cases simply underdetermine the interpretation of expressions? Are the truthconditions of a sentence ever sensitive to the inferences of language users? If so, then is it possible to maintain the validity of any really substantive version of the Compositionality Principle? These are, of course, issues of great inherent interest to anyone concerned with the formal syntax and semantics of natural language, with the philosophy of language, or with language processing. The descriptive framework assumed throughout is the semantic theory developed by Richard Montague (1970a, 1970b, 1973) and his followers. (For a very thorough introduction to Montague semantics, the reader may refer to Dowty, Wall and Peters (1981 ).
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789400953239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 348 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Scandinavian languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Germanic languages.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Theoretical and Methodological Issues -- 2. Unbounded Dependencies -- 3. Questions in Swedish -- 4. The Semantics of Questions -- 5. Extensions of the Present Study -- Notes -- II. Recent Approaches to Unbounded Dependencies -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Short Overview of Relevant Data from Swedish -- 2. Arguments for Transformations -- 3. Generalized Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 4. Cooper’s Proposal -- 5. Phrase Linking Grammars -- 6. Unbounded Dependencies in the Government-Binding Framework -- 7. Choosing a Framework -- Notes -- III. A Frame Work for Swedish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Format of Rules -- 3. Quantification -- 4. Questions -- 5. Pronouns -- 6. Gaps -- 7. Constraining the Framework -- 8. Summary -- Notes -- IV. The Interprentaion of Questions -- 1. Some Previous Approaches to Questions -- 2. Quantifying Into Questions -- 3. Some Arguments Against Quantifying Into Questions -- 4. A Relational Approach to Interrogative Quantifiers -- 5. Interaction Between Interrogative Quantifiers and Other Quantifiers -- 6. The Internal Structure of Interrogative Constituents -- 7. Multiple WH Questions -- 8. Questions Involving Other Categories -- 9. An Alternative Approach -- 10. Conclusion -- Notes -- V. A Comparison with EST-GB -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Semantic Interpretation in Transformational Grammar -- 3. Characterizing wh-Movement -- 4. wh-Interpretation and Reconstruction at LF -- 5. Bound Anaphors in Moved Constituents -- 6. Higginbotham and May’s Theory of Questions -- Notes -- VI. Restricting the Interpretation of Pronouns -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Disjoint Reference and Non-Coreference -- 3. Cross-over -- Notes -- VII. Theorotical Postcript -- 1. Linked Trees -- 2. Storage -- 3. Relational Readings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401539609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (532p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Linguistics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: Inaugural Study -- The Aesthetics of Nature in the Human Condition -- I The Poetics of the Sea as an Element in the Human Condition: Literary Interpretation -- A. Resoundings of the Sea in the Elemental Twilight of the Human Soul -- Death or Life of the Spirit: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner — Thalassian Poetry in the Nineteenth Century -- The Waves of Life in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves -- On the Shores of Nothingness: Beckett’s Embers -- Ego Formation and the Land/Sea Metaphor in Conrad’s Secret Sharer -- Wordsworth: The Sea and Its Double -- El mistico significado del mar (en el lenguaje poetico) -- B. Man’s Elemental Response to the Vital Challenge at the Cross Section of Ancient Cultures -- Between Land and Sea: The End of the Southern Sung -- Hesiodic Fable and Weather Lore: Text and Context in Figurative Discourse -- The Response of Biblical Man to the Challenge of the Sea -- The Sea as Metaphor: An Aspect of the Modern Japanese Novel -- C. The Poetic Inspiration of the Sea in Literary Experience -- The Poetic and Elemental Language of the Sea -- The Sea as Medium for Artistic Experience -- Las dimensiones poéticas del mar y la idea del tiempo -- The Oneiric Valorization of the Sea: Instances of Poetic Sensibility and the „Non-Savoir“ -- Figuring the Elements: Trope and Image in Shakespeare -- D. The Watery Mirror of the Elemental -- Mirror Reflections: The Poetics of Water in French Baroque Poetry -- The St. Lawrence in the Poetry of Gatien Lapointe -- II The Elemental Thread in the Twilight of Consciousness; The Ciphering of Life-Significance in the Poiesis of Art — From Interpretation to Theory -- A. On the Brink -- On the Brink: The Artist and the Sea -- The Rapture of the Deep -- The Voices of Silence and Underwater Experience -- A Contrast Between the Sea and the Mountain: A Comparative Study of Occidental and Chinese Poetic Symbolism -- B. The Shorelines: Elemental Moves in the Twilight of Consciousness -- Literal/Littoral/Littorananima: The Figure on the Shore in the Works of James Joyce -- Already Not-Yet: Shoreline Fiction Metaphase -- Thalassic Regression: The Cipher of the Ocean in Gottfried Benn’s Poetry -- Derrida and Husserl on the Status of Retention -- Nonlogical Moves and Nature Metaphors -- C. Poetic Discourse: „Reality“ and the Retrieval of Life-Significance -- The Reading as Emotional Response: The Case of a Haiku -- Literature and the Ladder of Discourse -- The Sea in Faust and Goethe’s Verdict on His Hero -- III Creative Orchestration in the Poiesis of Life and in Fiction -- Preamble -- What Makes Philosophical Literature Philosophical? -- Kaelin on Philosophical Literature -- The Hermeneutics of Literary Impressionism: Interpretation and Reality in James, Conrad, and Ford -- Hermeneutics and History: A Response to Paul Armstrong -- Index of Names.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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