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  • 2015-2019  (307)
  • 1975-1979
  • 2017  (307)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA  (307)
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  • 2015-2019  (307)
  • 1975-1979
Year
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using Substances to Enhance Performance: A Psychology of Neuroenhancement (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889450756
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Neuroenhancement (NE) is a behavior conceptualized as the use of a potentially psychoactive substance to enhance ones’ already proficient cognitive capacities. Depending on the specific definitions used, prevalence estimates vary greatly between very low 0.3% (for illicit substances) to astonishingly high 89% (for freely available lifestyle substances). These variations indicate that further research and more conceptual and theoretical clarification of the NE construct is dearly needed. The contributions of this research topic aim to do just that. Specific questions addressed are: How prevalent is NE behavior? How can NE research profit from the already more evolved field of social science research on doping in sports? How is NE perceived by the public? What psychological processes and variables play a role in the decision to neuroenhance? A wide array of methodological approaches is used to investigate these questions. The topics contributions range from theoretical to experimental accounts on NE, and they utilize a diverse set of methods ranging from qualitative to neuroscientific approaches. The research presented here represents a first step towards what we have labeled a psychological approach to NE. By addressing the questions above this research topic hopefully advances our understanding of NE behavior. As with every new field of research, new answers always prompt new questions. In light of what we know now about NE, we hope that the findings presented here will be pursued by other researchers in the future. Clearly, the endeavor to understand NE behavior has only just begun
    Note: English
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  • 2
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    Virus Discovery by Metagenomics: The (Im)possibilities (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889453085
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Since the late 1800s, the discovery of new viruses was a gradual process. Viruses were described one by one using a suite of techniques such as (electron) microscopy and viral culture. Investigators were usually interested in a disease state within an organism, and expeditions in viral ecology were rare. The advent of metagenomics using high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized not only the rate of virus discovery, but also the nature of the discoveries. For example, the viral ecology and etiology of many human diseases are being characterized, non-pathogenic viral commensals are ubiquitous, and the description of environmental viromes is making progress. This Frontiers in Virology Research Topic showcases how metagenomic and bioinformatic approaches have been combined to discover, classify and characterize novel viruses
    Note: English
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  • 3
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    Towards Elimination of Dog Mediated Human Rabies (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452996
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Rabies is an ancient zoonotic viral disease that still exerts a high impact on human and animal health. The disease is almost 100% fatal after clinical signs appear, and it kills tens of thousands of people per year worldwide, particularly in Africa and many parts of Asia. Although the disease in humans can be prevented by timely post-exposure prophylaxis, its access and affordability is limited in rabies endemic countries. With 99% of infections in humans caused by rabid domestic dog bites, controlling the infection in this reservoir population has been proven to be most effective to reduce and eliminate human rabies cases. In this context, this Research Topic invited contributions on the control and elimination of dog mediated human rabies. Publications on epidemiological, educational, policy-related and economic aspects of dog and human rabies surveillance, implementation of control in dogs and humans and scientific documentation of success stories were consolidated. We hope that these articles contribute to reaching the ambitious goal, set by key players in global health, of the elimination of dog mediated human rabies by 2030
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  • 4
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    Surveying Antimicrobial Resistance: Approaches, Issues, and Challenges to Overcome (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451418
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (419 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Why Antibiotic Resistance ...
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Studying Tree Responses to Extreme Events (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451920
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (466 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Trees are among the longe ...
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  • 6
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    Drug Development for Parasite-Induced Diarrheal Diseases (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452484
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (177 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: One of the top four contr ...
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  • 7
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    Eastern Philosophies and Psychology: Towards Psychology of Self-Cultivation (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889453344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The publication of this book, East Asian Philosophies and Psychology: Towards Psychology of Self-cultivation, signifies an important breakthrough for the indigenization movements of psychology which have happened in many non-Western countries since 1980s. Viewing from the perspective of scientific revolution (Kuhn, 1969), when Western paradigms of psychology are transplanted to non-Western countries and encounter anomalies which cannot be explained by the imported theories, the foreign theories are in a state of crisis waiting for scientific revolution
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  • 8
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    Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451357
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Pathogenic Escherichia co ...
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  • 9
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    Dynamic Personality Science. Integrating Between-Person Stability and Within-Person Change (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889453450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Personality can be understood from at least two perspectives. One focuses on stable, between-person differences, or traits. The other perspective focuses on within-person differences and dynamics, i.e., fluctuations in personality in response to situations and across time. This Research Topic reflects recent developments in personality research to integrate both trait and dynamic perspectives. An integrated view on personality recognizes both stability in between-person differences and within-person change. Contributors are drawn from research teams across Europe, North America and Australasia, and from basic and applied fields, including organizational, educational, and clinical. The studies reported provide new evidence in support of an integrative approach, highlight currently active areas of research and propose new directions of research. Current streams of research include the study of contingent units of personality and within-person processes underlying traits, the comparisons of findings based on within- vs. between-person data, the conceptualisation and operationalization of perceived and objective change in situation variables, the malleability of personality and the potential for personality interventions. Integrative approaches using within-person designs provide new, bottom-up insights into general principles of personality that explain differences between people while reflecting the complexities of within-person personality dynamics at the level of the individual
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  • 10
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    Sleep Spindles: Breaking the Methodological Wall (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451166
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose
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  • 11
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    Signal Transduction in Stomatal Guard Cells (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Stomata, the tiny pores on leaf surface, are the gateways for CO2 uptake during photosynthesis as well as water loss in transpiration. Further, plants use stomatal closure as a defensive response, often triggered by elicitors, to prevent the entry of pathogens. The guard cells are popular model systems to study the signalling mechanism in plant cells. The messengers that mediate closure upon perception of elicitors or microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are quite similar to those during ABA effects. These components include reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cytosolic pH and intracellular Ca2+. The main components are ROS, NO and cytosolic free Ca2+. The list extends to others, such as G-proteins, protein phosphatases, protein kinases, phospholipids and ion channels. The sequence of these signalling components and their interaction during stomatal signalling are complex and quite interesting. The present e-Book provides a set of authoritative articles from ‘Special Research Topic’ on selected areas of stomatal guard cells. In the first set of two articles, an overview of ABA and MAMPs as signals is presented. The next set of 4 articles, emphasize the role of ROS, NO, Ca2+ as well as pH, as secondary messengers. The next group of 3 articles highlight the recent advances on post-translational modification of guard cell proteins, with emphasis on 14-3-3 proteins and MAPK cascades. The last article described the method to isolate epidermis of grass species and monitor stomatal responses to different signals. Our e-Book is a valuable and excellent source of information for all those interested in guard cell function as well as signal transduction in plant cells
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  • 12
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    Spores and Spore Formers (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452385
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Bacterial spore formers have been the focus of intense study for almost half a century centered primarily on Bacillus subtilis. This research has given us a detailed picture of the genetic, physiological and biochemical mechanisms that allow bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions by forming highly robust spores. Although, many basic aspects of this process are now understood in great detail, bacterial sporulation still continues to be a highly attractive model for studying various cell processes at a molecular level. There are several reasons for such scientific interest. First, some of the complex steps in sporulation are not fully understood and/or only are only described by 'controversial' models. Second, intensive research on unicellular development of a single microorganism, B. subtilis, left us largely unaware of the multitude of diverse sporulation mechanisms in many other Gram-positive endospore and exospore formers. This diversity would likely increase if we were to include sporulation processes in the Gram-negative spore formers. In addition, spore formers have great potential in applied research. Spore forming bacteria are becoming increasingly important in the areas of probiotics, vaccine technology and biotechnology. This Research Topic in Frontiers in Microbiology details the most recent advances in basic science of spore research and cover also emerging areas of scientific importance involving the use of spores
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  • 13
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    Social Interaction in Animals: Linking Experimental Approach and Social Network Analysis (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451227
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (123 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Understanding the link between individual behaviour and population organization and functioning has long been central to ecology and evolutionary biology. Behaviour is a response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors including individual state, ecological factors or social interactions. Within a group, each individual can be seen as part of a network of social interactions varying in strength, type and dynamic. The structure of this network can deeply impact the ecology and evolution of individuals, populations and species. Within a group social interactions can take many forms and may significantly affect an individual’s fitness. These interactions may result in complex systems at the group-level, such as in the case of collective decisions (to migrate, to build nest or to forage). Among them, social transmission of information has been studied mostly in vertebrates: fish, birds and mammals including humans. In insects, social learning has been unambiguously demonstrated in social Hymenoptera but this probably reflects limited research effort and recent evidence show that even non-eusocial insects such as Drosophila, cockroaches and crickets can copy the behaviour of others. Compared to individual learning, which requires a trial and error period every generation, social learning can potentially result in the stable transmission of behaviours across generations, leading to cultural traditions in some species. The study of the processes which may facilitate or prevent this transmission and the analyses of the relationship between social network structure and efficiency of social transmission became these recent years an emerging and promising field of research. The goal of this research topic is to present the genetic and socio-environmental factors affecting social interaction and information or pathogen transmission with the integration of experimental approaches, social network analyses and modelling. Importantly, we aim to understand whether a relationship between social network structures and dynamics can reflect the efficiency of social transmission, i.e. can we use social network analysis to predict the social transmission of information or of pathogen, collective decision-making and ultimately the evolutionary trajectory of a group?
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  • 14
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    Recent Advances in Symbiosis Research: Integrative Approaches (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450152
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Traditionally, symbiosis research has been undertaken by researchers working independently of one another and often focused on a few cases of bipartite host-symbiont interactions. New model systems are emerging that will enable us to fill fundamental gaps in symbiosis research and theory, focusing on a broad range of symbiotic interactions and including a variety of multicellular hosts and their complex microbial communities. In this Research Topic, we invited researchers to contribute their work on diverse symbiotic networks, since there are a large variety of symbioses with major roles in the proper functioning of terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems, and we wished the Topic to provide a venue for communicating findings across diverse taxonomic groups. A synthesis of recent investigations in symbiosis can impact areas such as agriculture, where a basic understanding of plant-microbe symbiosis will provide foundational information on the increasingly important issue of nitrogen fixation; climate change, where anthropogenic factors are threatening the survival of marine symbiotic ecosystems such as coral reefs; animal and human health, where unbalances in host microbiomes are being increasingly associated with a wide range of diseases; and biotechnology, where process optimization can be achieved through optimization of symbiotic partnerships. Overall, our vision was to produce a volume of works that will help define general principles of symbiosis within a new conceptual framework, in the road to finally establish symbiology as an overdue central discipline of biological science
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  • 15
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    Quantitative Biology: Dynamics of Living Systems (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: With the emergence of Sys ...
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  • 16
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    Revisiting the Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Brain Stimulation for Cognition: Evidence, Challenges, and Open Questions (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to assemble a collection of papers from experts in the field of non-invasive brain stimulation that will discuss (1) the strength of the evidence regarding the potential of tDCS to modulate different aspects of cognition; (2) methodological caveats associated with the technique that may account for the variability in the reported findings; and (3) a set of challenges and future directions for the use of tDCS that can determine its potential as a reliable method for cognitive rehabilitation, maintenance, or enhancement
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  • 17
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    The Role of Play in Child Assessment and Intervention (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452590
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Play is a ubiquitous and universal aspect of early childhood. Although it may take different forms throughout development and across cultures, decades of research have found play to be related to important, positive outcomes. Play provides children with valuable cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal learning opportunities. It can act as a mode of communication for young children and allows them to practice ways of managing complex interpersonal interactions. Specific aspects of play, such as children’s creativity in pretend play, have been associated with resilience and coping. The significance of play in childhood has led to its frequent use in the assessment of child development and in the implementation of child and parent-child psychological and educational interventions. Historically, however, the validity and efficacy of these interventions have not been rigorously evaluated. Further, few assessment and intervention models have included parents, teachers, and other key caregivers, but have focused only on the child. This Research Topic will bring together the most current literature on the use of play in child assessment and intervention
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  • 18
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    Role of Silicon in Plants (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453528
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Silicon (Si) is gaining increased attention in the farming sector because of its beneficial effects observed in several crop species, particularly under stress conditions. The magnitude of benefits is predominantly observed in plant species that can accumulate Si above a certain threshold. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms and genetic factors conferring a plant ability to take up silicon is necessary. Along these lines, several efforts have been made to identify the specific genes regulating Si uptake and distribution in plant tissues. This information finds its usefulness in identifying Si-competent species, and could eventually lead to improving this ability in low-accumulating species. The successful exploitation of Si in agriculture depends highly on the understanding of different Si properties including plant-available Si from the soil, transport within tissues, deposition in planta, and Si effect on different metabolic and physiological processes. In addition, a better comprehension of external factors influencing Si uptake and deposition in plant tissue remains important. A plant can take up Si efficiently only in the form of silicic acid and most soils, despite containing high concentrations of Si, are deficient in plant-available Si. Consequently, soil amendment with fertilizers rich in plant-available Si is now viewed as an affordable option to protect plants from the biotic and abiotic stresses and achieve more sustainable cropping management worldwide. Articles compiled in the present research topic touch upon several aspects of Si properties and functionality in plants. The information will be helpful to further our understanding of the role of Si and contribute to exploit the benefits plants derive from it
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  • 19
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    Reducing Oral Health Disparities: What Can We Learn from Social; Environmental and Cultural Factors? (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453719
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Oral health disparities are profound worldwide, and they affect the quality of life of individuals of all age groups. Disparities in oral health are seen in racial and ethnic minorities, at different socioeconomic levels and due to differences in environment and cultural factors. Several determinants of oral health have been identified at the population, community, family and individual levels. These determinants represent a complex interplay of the social, biological, cultural and economic factors that in turn affect the oral health behaviors, environmental exposures, health care utilization. To date, biological factors related to oral diseases have received much attention in oral health research; whilst social and cultural determinants have just started to receive recognition for their role in oral disease development and progression. This research highlights that interventions designed to reduce disparities should adopt a multi-level approach in order to identify the modifiable mechanisms and target all determinants of oral health disparities. In this Research Topic, we will focus on the role of social, environmental and cultural factors in the development and progression of oral diseases, their role in oral health disparities and interventions focusing on these factors to improve oral health and reduce disparities
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  • 20
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    Microenvironment-Derived Stem Cell Plasticity (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453443
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plasticity is the hallmark of stem cells. At the same time, stem cells, like any other cell type, are influenced by their microenvironment and respond to it accordingly. A specific microenvironment is defined by a variety of factors, including biological and chemical factors, cell-cell interactions, but also metabolic and mechanical cues. Such dynamic and specialized microenvironment where the stem cells reside is considered a stem cell niche. Tissue injury as well as malignant tissue alterations lead to changes in the niche influencing the plasticity and biology of residing stem cells. Similarly, the niche changes upon tissue damage, which eventually induces differentiation of stem cells and ultimately regeneration of the tissue
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  • 21
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    MAPPING MAnagement and Processing of images for Population ImagiNG (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452606
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Several recent papers und ...
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  • 22
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    Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (193 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In recent years there has ...
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  • 23
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    Melatonin in Plants (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (297 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This topic focuses on distribution, synthesis, metabolism, and the in vivo roles of melatonin in plants, with 1 editorial, 3 reviews, 21 original research studies and 1 corrigendum
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  • 24
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    Molecular, Cellular and Model Organism Approaches for Understanding the Basis of Neurological Disease (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants
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  • 25
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    Microbial Food Safety Along The Dairy Chain (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The dairy chain is an integral part of global food supply, with dairy food products a staple component of recommended healthy diets. The dairy food chain from production through to the consumer is complex, with various opportunities for microbial contamination of ingredients or food product, and as such interventions are key to preventing or controlling such contamination. Dairy foods often include a microbial control step in their production such as pasteurization, but in some cases may not, as with raw milk cheeses. Microbial contamination may lead to a deterioration in food quality due to spoilage organisms, or may become a health risk to consumers should the contaminant be a pathogenic microorganism. As such food safety and food production are intrinsically linked. This Research Topic eBook includes submissions on issues relating to the microbiological integrity of the dairy food chain, such as the ecology of pathogenic and spoilage organisms through the dairy farm to fork paradigm, their significance to dairy foods and health, and genomic analysis of these microorganisms
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  • 26
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    The Metabolic-Inflammatory Axis in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (161 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Impairment of energy metabolism is a hallmark of brain aging and several neurodegenerative diseases, such as the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Age- and disease-related hypometabolism is commonly associated with oxidative stress and they are both regarded as major contributors to the decline in synaptic plasticity and cognition. Neuroinflammatory changes, entailing microglial activation and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines, also correlate with age-related cognitive decline. It is still under debate whether the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced metabolic deficits or the microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation is the initiator of the cognitive changes in aging and AD. Nevertheless, multiple lines of evidence support the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation exacerbate each other, and these mechanistic diversities have cellular redox dysregulation as a common denominator. This research topic focuses on the role of a metabolic-inflammatory axis encompassing the bioenergetic activity, brain inflammatory responses and their redox regulation in healthy brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Dynamic interactions among these systems are reviewed in terms of their causative or in-tandem occurrence and how the systemic environment, –e.g., insulin resistance, diabetes, and systemic inflammation–, impacts on brain function
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    A Matter of Bottom-Up or Top-Down Processes: The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451937
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The integration of information from various sensory modalities influences behaviour. It can induce behavioural benefits such as faster reaction times and enhanced detection of noisy signals but may also produce illusions, all of which have been characterized by specific neuronal signatures. Yet, while these effects of multisensory integration are largely accepted, the role of attention in this process is still the object of intense debate. On the one hand, it has been suggested that attention may guide multisensory integration in a top-down fashion by selection of specific inputs to be integrated out of the plethora of information in our environment. On the other hand, there is evidence that integration could occur in a bottom-up manner, based on temporal and spatial correlations, and outside the focus of attention. An extreme example is the multisensory enhancement of neural responses in anesthetised animals. Attention itself is not a unitary construct, and may refer to a range of different selection mechanisms. Therefore, the interplay between attention and multisensory integration can take many forms which explain, in part, the diversity of findings and the disputes in the literature. The goal of this Research Topic is to help clarify the picture by trying to answer the following questions from various perspectives: Under which circumstances does multisensory integration take place without attention?, and, When does attention determine the fate of multisensory integration?
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    The Major Discoveries of Cajal and His Disciples: Consolidated Milestones for the Neuroscience of the XXIst Century (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450664
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (161 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: When Santiago Ramón y Caj ...
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    Language beyond Words: The Neuroscience of Accent (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451074
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Language learning also implies the acquisition of a set of phonetic rules and prosodic contours which define the accent in that language. While often considered as merely accessory, accent is an essential component of psychological identity as it embodies information on origin, culture, and social class. Speaking with a non-standard (foreign) accent is not inconsequential because it may negatively impact communication and social adjustment. Nevertheless, the lack of a formal definition of accent may explain that, as compared with other aspects of language, it has received relatively little attention until recently. During the past decade there has been increasing interest in the analysis of accent from a neuroscientific perspective. This e-book integrates data from different scientific frameworks. The reader will find fruitful research on new models of accent processing, how learning a new accent proceeds, and the role of feedback on accent learning in healthy subjects. In addition, information on accent changes in pathological conditions including developmental and psychogenic foreign accent syndromes as well as the description of a new variant of foreign accent syndrome is also included. It is anticipated that the articles in this e-book will enhance the understanding of accent as a linguistic phenomenon, the neural networks supporting it and potential interventions to accelerate acquisition or relearning of native accents
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    Language Development in the Digital Age (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453139
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The digital age is changi ...
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    Plants; Stress & Proteins (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452675
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (323 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Biotic and abiotic stress factors deliver a huge impact on plant life. Biotic stress factors such as damage through pathogens or herbivore attack, as well as abiotic stress factors like variation in temperature, rainfall and salinity, have placed the plant kingdom under constant challenges for survival. As a consequence, global agricultural and horticultural productivity has been disturbed to a large extent. Being sessile in nature, plants cannot escape from the stress, and instead adapt changes within their system to overcome the adverse conditions. These changes include physiological, developmental and biochemical alterations within the plant body which influences the genome, proteome and metabolome profiles of the plant. Since proteins are the ultimate players of cellular behavior, proteome level alterations during and recovery period of stress provide direct implications of plant responses towards stress factors. With current advancement of modern high-throughput technologies, much research has been carried out in this field. This e-book highlights the research and review articles that cover proteome level changes during the course or recovery period of various stress factors in plant life. Overall, the chapters in this e-book has provided a wealth of information on how plants deal with stress from a proteomics perspective
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    Plant Organ Abscission: From Models to Crops (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453283
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plant organ abscission is a developmental process regulated by the environment, stress, pathogens and the physiological status of the plant. In particular, seed and fruit abscission play an important role in seed dispersion and plant reproductive success and are common domestication traits with important agronomic consequences for many crop species. Indeed, in natural populations, shedding of the seed or fruit at the correct time is essential for reproductive success, while for crop species the premature or lack of abscission may be either beneficial or detrimental to crop productivity. The use of model plants, in particular Arabidopsis and tomato, have led to major advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying organ abscission, and now many workers pursue the translation of these advances to crop species. Organ abscission involves specialized cell layers called the abscission zone (AZ), where abscission signals are perceived and cell separation takes place for the organ to be shed. A general model for plant organ abscission includes (1) the differentiation of the AZ, (2) the acquisition of AZ cells to become competent to respond to various abscission signals, (3) response to signals and the activation of the molecular and cellular processes that lead to cell separation in the AZ and (4) the post-abscission events related to protection of exposed cells after the organ has been shed. While this simple four-phase framework is helpful to describe the abscission process, the exact mechanisms of each stage, the differences between organ types and amongst diverse species, and in response to different abscission inducing signals are far from elucidated. For an organ to be shed, AZ cells must transduce a multitude of both endogenous and exogenous signals that lead to transcriptional and cellular and ultimately cell wall modifications necessary for adjacent cells to separate. How these key processes have been adapted during evolution to allow for organ abscission to take place in different locations and under different conditions is unknown. The aim of the current collection of articles is to present and be able to compare recent results on our understanding of organ abscission from model and crop species, and to provide a basis to understand both the evolution of abscission in plants and the translation of advances with model plants for applications in crop species
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    Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453436
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Due to their bacterial en ...
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    Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydiae Bacterial Superphylum: New Model Organisms for Evolutionary Cell Biology (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae (PVC) and related phyla have recently emerged as fascinating subjects for research in evolutionary cell biology, ecology, biotechnology, evolution and human health. This interest is prompted by particular characteristics observed in the PVC superphylum that are otherwise rarely observed in bacteria but are however still poorly described or understood, such as the presence of a complex endomembrane system, or compacted DNA throughout most of the cell cycle. Therefore, the members of the PVC superphylum represent an excellent example of the value of studying bacteria other than ‘classical’ models
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    Physiology in Extreme Conditions: Adaptations and Unexpected Reactions (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453382
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Physiology in extreme conditions can reveal important reactions of the human body, which help our assessment of limits emerging under healthy conditions and critical signals of transition toward disease. While many mechanisms could simply be associated with adaptations, others refer to unexpected reactions in response to internal stimuli and/or external abrupt changes
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    Pathophysiology of the Basal Ganglia and Movement Disorders: Gaining New Insights from Modeling and Experimentation to Influence the Clinic (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The basal ganglia constitute a group of subcortical structures, highly interconnected among themselves, as well as with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other brain areas. These nuclei play a central role in the control of voluntary movement, and their specific pathology comprises the group of diseases known as movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, dystonia and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, among others. Additionally, the presence of a number of circuits within the basal ganglia related to non-motor functions has been acknowledged. Currently, the basal ganglia are thought to participate in cognitive, limbic and learning functions. Moreover, disorders related to the basal ganglia are known to involve a number of complex, non-motor symptoms and syndromes (e.g. compulsive and addictive behavior). In the light of this evidence, it is becoming clear that our knowledge about the basal ganglia needs to be revised, and that new pathophysiological models of movement disorders are needed. In this context, the study of the pathophysiology of the basal ganglia and the treatment of their pathology is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary. Nowadays, an appropriate approach to the study of these problems must necessarily involve the use of complex mathematical modeling, computer simulations, basic research (ranging from biomolecular studies to animal experimentation), and clinical research. This research topic aims to bring together the most recent advances related to the pathophysiology of the basal ganglia and movement disorders
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    Optimizing the Delivery of Multiple Ecosystem Goods and Services in Agricultural Systems (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452965
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Agricultural land is subjected to a variety of societal pressures, as demands for food, animal feed, and biomass production increase, with an added requirement to simultaneously maintain natural areas and mitigate climatic and environmental impacts. The biotic elements of agricultural systems interact with the abiotic environment to generate a number of ecosystem functions that offer services benefiting humans across many scales of time and space. The intensification of agriculture generally reduces biodiversity including that within soil, and impacts negatively upon a number of regulating and supporting ecosystem services. There is a global need toward achieving sustainable agricultural systems, as also highlighted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There is hence a need for management regimes that enhance both agricultural production and the associated provision of multiple ecosystem services. The articles of this Research Topic enhance our knowledge of how management practices applied to agricultural systems affect the delivery of multiple ecosystem services and how trade-offs between provisioning, regulating, and supporting services can be handled both above- and below-ground. They also show the diversity of topics that need to be considered within the framework of ecosystem services delivered by agricultural systems, from knowledge on basic concepts and newly-proposed frameworks, to a focus on specific ecosystem types such as grasslands and high nature-value farmlands, pollinator habitats, and soil habitats. This diversity of topics indicates the need for broader-scope research, integrated with targeted scientific research to promote sustainable agricultural practices and to ensure food security
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    Investigating Human Nature and Communication through Robots (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450862
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The development of information technology enabled us to exchange more items of information among us no matter how far we are apart from each other. It also changed our way of communication. Various types of robots recently promoted to be sold to general public hint that these robots may further influence our daily life as they physically interact with us and handle objects in environment. We may even recognize a feel of presence similar to that of human beings when we talk to a robot or when a robot takes part in our conversation. The impact will be strong enough for us to think about the meaning of communication. This e-book consists of various studies that examine our communication influenced by robots. Topics include our attitudes toward robot behaviors, designing robots for better communicating with people, and how people can be affected by communicating through robots
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    Impact of Aerosols (Saharan Dust and Mixed) on the East Mediterranean Oligotrophic Ecosystem; Results from Experimental Studies (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453191
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In oligotrophic environments, dust and nutrient inputs via atmospheric routes are considered important sources of macro-nutrients and micro-trace metals fuelling primary and secondary production. Yet, the impact of these dust inputs on the microbial populations is not fully investigated in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). The response of oligotrophic systems to dust inputs, whether as positive or negative feedbacks to autotrophic and heterotrophic production and thus to biogeochemical cycling, is important to examine further. Experimental studies have explored nutrient additions in various combinations to determine the limiting resource to productivity or N2 fixation. Recent experimental studies have applied dust enrichments to bottle or mesocosm incubations of seawater from different oceanic regions. This research topic presents two Eastern Mediterranean dust addition mesocosm experiments using, for the first time, real aerosol additions, pure Saharan dust and mixed aerosols (a natural mixture of desert dust and polluted European particles), as well as other EMS aerosol experimental studies. The Topic includes manuscripts introducing results on: a) the impact of Saharan dust vs mixed aerosols on the autotrophic and heterotrophic surface microbial populations in the EMS, b) the impact of single vs multi-pulses of Saharan dust introduction into the pelagic environment of the EMS and c) other experimental studies of aerosol impacts on the EMS ecosystem
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    Intellectual Disabilities in Down Syndrome from Birth and throughout Life: Assessment and Treatment (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450459
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Research on the multiple ...
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    Industrial and Host Associated Stress Responses in Food Microbes. Implications for Food Technology and Food Safety (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452934
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (295 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Throughout the food processing chain and after ingestion by the host, food associated bacteria have to cope with a range of stress factors such as thermal and/or non-thermal inactivation treatments, refrigeration temperatures, freeze-drying, high osmolarity, acid pH in the stomach or presence of bile salts in the intestine, that threaten bacterial survival. The accompanying plethora of microbial response and adaptation phenomena elicited by these stresses has important implications for food technology and safety. Indeed, while resistance development of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms may impose health risks for the consumer and impart great economic losses to food industries, reduced survival of probiotic bacteria may strongly compromise their claimed health benefit attributes. As a result, substantial research efforts have been devoted in the last decades to unravel the mechanisms underlying stress response and resistance development in food associated microorganisms in order to better predict and improve (i) the inactivation of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms on the one hand and (ii) the robustness and performance of beneficial microorganisms on the other. Moreover, the recent implementation of system-wide omics and (single-)cell biology approaches is greatly boosting our insights into the modes of action underlying microbial inactivation and survival. This Research Topic aims to provide an avenue for dissemination of recent advances within the field of microbial stress response and adaptation, with a particular focus not only on food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms but also on beneficial microbes in foods
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    Interoception, Contemplative Practice, and Health (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450947
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: There is an emergent movement of scientists and scholars working on somatic awareness, interoception and embodiment. This work cuts across studies of neurophysiology, somatic anthropology, contemplative practice, and mind-body medicine. Key questions include: How is body awareness cultivated? What role does interoception play for emotion and cognition in healthy adults and children as well as in different psychopathologies? What are the neurophysiological effects of this cultivation in practices such as Yoga, mindfulness meditation, Tai Chi and other embodied contemplative practices? What categories from other traditions might be useful as we explore embodiment? Does the cultivation of body awareness within contemplative practice offer a tool for coping with suffering from conditions, such as pain, addiction, and dysregulated emotion? This emergent field of research into somatic awareness and associated interoceptive processes, however, faces many obstacles. The principle obstacle lies in our 400-year Cartesian tradition that views sensory perception as epiphenomenal to cognition. The segregation of perception and cognition has enabled a broad program of cognitive science research, but may have also prevented researchers from developing paradigms for understanding how interoceptive awareness of sensations from inside the body influences cognition. The cognitive representation of interoceptive signals may play an active role in facilitating therapeutic transformation, e.g. by altering context in which cognitive appraisals of well-being occur. This topic has ramifications into disparate research fields: What is the role of interoceptive awareness in conscious presence? How do we distinguish between adaptive and maladaptive somatic awareness? How do we best measure somatic awareness? What are the consequences of dysregulated somatic/interoceptive awareness on cognition, emotion, and behavior? The complexity of these questions calls for the creative integration of perspectives and findings from related but often disparate research areas including clinical research, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, anthropology, religious/contemplative studies and philosophy
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    In Search of In Vivo MSC (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
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    HSPs - Ambiguous Mediators of Immunity (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451524
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were discovered as polypeptides induced by stress that can be found in all kingdoms of cellular organisms. Their functions were, a first enigmatic and these proteins were thus classified by molecular weight, as in—Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp90, Hsp110. More recently, each of these size-classified molecules has attributed a role in protein folding, and they thus came to be known, as a class, as molecular chaperones. However, the they possess properties beyond chaperoning. Indeed, their discovery in the extracellular spaces suggested roles in regulation of the immune responses
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    Nucleation and Crystallization of Glasses and Glass-Ceramics (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452248
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The E-book "Nucleation and Crystallization of Glasses and Glass-Ceramics" highlights historic perspectives and current research in the field of glass-ceramic technology. Glass-ceramic technology is promising to provide us with materials of high strength, high toughness, unique electrical/electronic or magnetic properties, exceptional optical or unusual thermal or chemical properties. The greater diversity of microstructure-property arrangements and processing routes over glasses and ceramics are responsible that glass-ceramics are the preferred choice of materials in many technical, consumer, optical, medical/dental, electrical/electronic, and architectural fields. This includes increasing uses of glass-ceramic materials for environment and energy applications in the last decades. The positive development of glass-ceramic technology has become true in particular due to the pioneering spirit, resourcefulness, and courage of researchers of the first generation. Extraordinary and, therefore, to be distinguished is the work of the glass-ceramic inventor S. Donald Stookey to whom this Research Topic is dedicated. The authors, all experts in the field of glass-ceramics and based in industry, academia and governmental institutions, contributed to this E-book under the guidance of the Technical Committee 07 "Crystallization and Glass-Ceramics" of the International Commission on Glass (ICG)
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    Molecular and Biotechnological Advancements in Hypericum Species (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Hypericum is an important ...
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    Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: An increasing population faces the growing demand for agricultural products and accurate global climate models that account for individual plant morphologies to predict favorable human habitat. Both demands are rooted in an improved understanding of the mechanistic origins of plant development. Such understanding requires geometric and topological descriptors to characterize the phenotype of plants and its link to genotypes. However, the current plant phenotyping framework relies on simple length and diameter measurements, which fail to capture the exquisite architecture of plants. The Research Topic “Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences” is the result of a workshop held at National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) in Knoxville, Tennessee. From 2.-4. September 2015 over 40 scientists from mathematics, computer science, engineering, physics and biology came together to set new frontiers in combining plant phenotyping with recent results from shape theory at the interface of geometry and topology. In doing so, the Research Topic synthesizes the views from multiple disciplines to reveal the potential of new mathematical concepts to analyze and quantify the relationship between morphological plant features. As such, the Research Topic bundles examples of new mathematical techniques including persistent homology, graph-theory, and shape statistics to tackle questions in crop breeding, developmental biology, and vegetation modeling. The challenge to model plant morphology under field conditions is a central theme of the included papers to address the problems of climate change and food security, that require the integration of plant biology and mathematics from geometry and topology research applied to imaging and simulation techniques. The introductory white paper written by the workshop participants identifies future directions in research, education and policy making to integrate biological and mathematical approaches and to strengthen research at the interface of both disciplines
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    Neuroanatomy of Human Brain Development (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (221 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The human brain is extraordinary complex and yet its origin is a simple tubular structure. Rapid and dramatic structural growth takes place during the fetal and perinatal period. By the time of birth, a repertoire of major cortical, subcortical and white matter structures resembling the adult pattern has emerged, however there are continued maturational changes of the gray matter and white matter throughout childhood and adolescence and into adulthood. The maturation of neuronal structures provides the neuroanatomical basis for the acquisition and refinement of cognitive functions during postnatal development. Histological imaging has been traditionally dominant in understanding neuroanatomy of early brain development and still plays an unparalleled role in this field. Modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques including diffusion MRI, as noninvasive tools readily applied to in vivo brains, have become an important complementary approach in revealing the detailed brain anatomy, including the structural connectivity between brain regions. In this research topic, we presented the most recent investigations on understanding the neuroanatomy and connectivity of human brain development using both histology and MRI. Modern advances in mapping normal developmental brain anatomy and connectivity should elucidate many neurodevelopmental disorders, ranging from rare congenital malformations to common disorders such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a prerequisite for better diagnosis and treatment of these currently poorly understood diseases
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    Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Schizophrenia: How Much Can Be Achieved and How? (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450091
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The introduction of antipsychotic agents in the 1950’s substantially improved the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, clinical and functional outcomes are still far less than optimal for patients, and have not improved in recent years despite the development of several new antipsychotics. Efficacy rates are further compromised by medication non-adherence, which has been reported to affect more than half of patients. In response to these issues, several non-pharmacological interventions have been developed for the treatment of schizophrenia, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive remediation, social cognition training and metacognitive approaches. Although these interventions have produced promising results, there is still much controversy regarding their usefulness and applicability in clinical practice. A major impeding factor for their dissemination is possibly a lack of sufficient evidence regarding their specific indications, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, but also practical issues concerning the interpretability of respective clinical studies, such as the choice of outcome variables and control of confounding factors. The present Research Topic includes original research articles and reviews addressing these issues
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    Neural and Computational Modeling of Movement Control (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451302
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In the study of sensorimo ...
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    Music and Disorders of Consciousness: Emerging Research, Practice and Theory (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450992
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Music processing in severely brain-injured patients with disorders of consciousness has been an emergent field of interest for over 30 years, spanning the disciplines of neuroscience, medicine, the arts and humanities. Disorders of consciousness (DOC) is an umbrella term that encompasses patients who present with disorders across a continuum of consciousness including people who are in a coma, in vegetative state (VS)/have unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), and in minimally conscious state (MCS). Technological developments in recent years, resulting in improvements in medical care and technologies, have increased DOC population numbers, the means for investigating DOC, and the range of clinical and therapeutic interventions under validation. In neuroimaging and behavioural studies, the auditory modality has been shown to be the most sensitive in diagnosing awareness in this complex population. As misdiagnosis remains a major problem in DOC, exploring auditory responsiveness and processing in DOC is, therefore, of central importance to improve therapeutic interventions and medical technologies in DOC. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of music as a potential treatment and medium for diagnosis with patients with DOC, from the perspectives of research, clinical practice and theory. As there are almost no treatment options, such a non-invasive method could constitute a promising strategy to stimulate brain plasticity and to improve consciousness recovery. It is therefore an ideal time to draw together specialists from diverse disciplines and interests to share the latest methods, opinions, and research on this topic in order to identify research priorities and progress inquiry in a coordinated way. This Research Topic aimed to bring together specialists from diverse disciplines involved in using and researching music with DOC populations or who have an interest in theoretical development on this topic. Specialists from the following disciplines participated in this special issue: neuroscience; medicine; music therapy; clinical psychology; neuromusicology; and cognitive neuroscience
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    New Approaches to the Pathogenesis of Sudden Intrauterine Unexplained Death and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453016
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Sudden Infant Death Syndr ...
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    Non-conventional Yeast in the Wine Industry (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450534
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (177 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that exhibit high ethanol tolerance and excellent fermentative ability are extensively used in winemaking as selected starters. However, a side-effect of the widespread use of these commercial starter cultures is the elimination of native microbiota, which might result in wines with similar analytical and sensory properties, depriving them from the variability, complexity and personality that define the typicality of a wine. Nonetheless, a way of balancing control and yeast population diversity during wine fermentation is the selection of non-Saccharomyces yeasts with optimal oenological traits. Therefore, a current trend in enology is the implementation of mixed- or multi-starters cultures, combining S. cerevisiae that remains the yeast species required for the completion of fermentation and non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from the native flora of grape juices. This research topic mainly deals with possible applications of different non-Saccharomyces yeast to wine production such as aroma production, ethanol reduction or biocontrol.Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that exhibit high ethanol tolerance and excellent fermentative ability are extensively used in winemaking as selected starters. However, a side-effect of the widespread use of these commercial starter cultures is the elimination of native microbiota, which might result in wines with similar analytical and sensory properties, depriving them from the variability, complexity and personality that define the typicality of a wine. Nonetheless, a way of balancing control and yeast population diversity during wine fermentation is the selection of non-Saccharomyces yeasts with optimal oenological traits. Therefore, a current trend in enology is the implementation of mixed- or multi-starters cultures, combining S. cerevisiae that remains the yeast species required for the completion of fermentation and non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from the native flora of grape juices. This research topic mainly deals with possible applications of different non-Saccharomyces yeast to wine production such as aroma production, ethanol reduction or biocontrol
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    Neuroscience of Human Attachment (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452217
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Attachment is a biologically emotion regulation based system guiding cognitive and emotional processes with respect to intimate and significant relationships. Secure relationships promote infants’ exploration of the world and expand their mastery of the environment. Adverse attachment experiences like, maltreatment, loss, and separation have long been known to have enduring unfavorable effects on human mental health. Research on the neurobiological basis of attachment started with animal studies focusing on emotional deprivation and its behavioral, molecular and endocrine consequences. The present book presents an interdisciplinary synthesis of existing knowledge and new perspectives on the human neuroscience of attachment, showing the tremendous development of this field. The following chapters include innovative studies that are representative of the broad spectrum of current approaches. These involve both differing neurobiological types of substrates using measures like fMRI, EEG, psychophysiology, endocrine parameters, and genetic polymorphisms, as well as psychometric approaches to classify attachment patterns in individuals. The findings we have acquired in the meanwhile on the neural substrates of attachment in healthy subjects lay the foundation of studies with clinical groups. The final section of the book addresses evidence on changes in the functioning of these neural substrates in psychopathology
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    Nature and Environment: The Psychology of Its Benefits and Its Protection (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889198504
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Our Research Topic section entitled: "Nature and the environment: The psychology of its benefits and its protection" will have two main lines. The first line of articles will center upon cutting-edge research showing how interacting with nature, can affect health, well-being, and overall improve cognition and affect. Articles in this line will stress in what ways nature can improve psychological functioning and health and also discuss the theories and evidence as to why nature can improve psychological functioning. For this line, we welcome submission of articles that discuss the psychological, health and well-being benefits from interacting with nature as well as submissions that focus on theoretical considerations and underlying mechanisms that lead to the restorative effects of interacting with nature. Given that nature can have a positive impact on psychological functioning and overall health, it is also important to understand the variables that facilitate people’s recognition of environmental issues that can help foster a more positive attitude towards the preservation of nature. This brings us to the second line of articles which will center upon the psychological mechanisms that make individuals more or less likely to accept the seriousness of environmental challenges such as climate change. Given the new cutting-edge research in this field we may be able to make individuals more proactive in the protection of the environment and more accepting of policy measures required to mitigate climate change. We see this research topic as a way for psychological scientists to contribute substantially to an important area of public debate and policy. For this line we welcome articles that will focus on ways in which people respond to various framings of policy relevant information and how morality may play into the individuals policy views that center on climate change and environmental protection
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    Evaluation of Building Resilience Under Earthquake Input Using Single, Double and Multiple Impulses (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452705
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first eBook and the second eBook are included here. The first article is on the earthquake resilience of residential houses after repeated ground motions with high intensity. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake brought a significant impact on the earthquake resilience of residential houses under repeated ground motions with high intensity in a few days. The necessary strength upgrade withstanding two repeated high-intensity ground motions was found to be 1.5. The second article is concerned with the smart enhancement of earthquake resilience of building structures under both near-fault and long-duration ground motions. A hybrid system of base-isolation and building connection control was proposed and its earthquake resilience to near-fault and long-duration ground motions was evaluated by a double impulse and a multiple impulse. It was demonstrated that the base-isolation is effective for near-fault ground motions and the building connection system using passive dampers is effective for long-duration ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings under resonant near-fault ground motions. The robustness function was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the robustness of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a bilinear elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system under a long-duration sinusoidal ground motion. A historical difficulty in nonlinear vibration posed by Caughey (1960) and Iwan (1961) has been overcome in a smart manner after half a century. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range
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    Engineering the Plant Factory for the Production of Biologics and Small-Molecule Medicines (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450510
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (377 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plant gene transfer achie ...
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    Flow and Transformations in Porous Media (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450770
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Fluid flow in transforming porous rocks, fracture networks, and granular media is a very active interdisciplinary research subject in Physics, Earth Sciences, and Engineering. Examples of natural and engineered processes include hydrocarbon recovery, carbon dioxide geo-sequestration, soil drying and wetting, pollution remediation, soil liquefaction, landslides, dynamics of wet or dry granular media, dynamics of faulting or friction, volcanic eruptions, gas venting in sediments, karst development and speleogenesis, ore deposit development, and radioactive waste disposal. Hydrodynamic flow instabilities and pore scale disorder typically result in complex flow patterning. In transforming media, additional mechanisms come into play: compaction, de-compaction, erosion, segregation, and fracturing lead to changes in permeability over time. Dissolution, precipitation, and chemical reactions between solutes and solids may gradually alter the composition and structure of the solid matrix, either creating or destroying permeable paths for fluid flow. A complex, dynamic feedback thus arises where, on the one hand, the fluid flow affects the characteristics of the porous medium, and on the other hand the changing medium influences the fluid flow. This Research Topic Ebook presents current research illustrating the depth and breadth of ongoing work in the field of flow and transformation in porous media through 15 papers by 72 authors from around the world. The body of work highlights the challenges posed by the vast range of length- and time-scales over which subsurface flow processes occur. Importantly, phenomena from each scale contribute to the larger-scale behavior. The flow of oil and gas in reservoirs, and the flow of groundwater on catchment scale is sensitively linked to pore scale processes and material heterogeneity down to the micrometer scale. The geological features of the same reservoirs and catchments evolved over millions of years, sometimes as a consequence of cracking and fracture growth occurring on the time scale of microseconds. The research presented by the authors of this Research Topic represents a step toward bridging the separation of scales as well as the separation of scientific disciplines so that a more unified picture of flow and transformation in porous media can start to emerge
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    Grassland-Invertebrate Interactions: Plant Productivity; Resilience and Community Dynamics (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452903
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Natural and anthropogenic grasslands such as prairies, meadows, rangelands, and pastures cover more than 40% of the planet’s surface and provide a wealth of ecological services. Grasslands alone store one third of the global carbon stocks and grass roots, through their specific architectures, ensure water cycling and prevent the erosion of fertile topsoil. In addition, grasslands are of vital importance for human food production as vast areas of rangelands and pastures provide feed for livestock. Pastoral legumes mobilize atmospheric nitrogen and improve fertility of arable soils. Not least, grasslands are an essential genetic resource. The three major crop species that feed half of the global population have been bred from wild grasses. Ancestors of our contemporary turf cultivars, common components of urban landscapes and recreation spaces, originated from wild grasslands. Although natural and managed grasslands represent pivotal ecosystems, many aspects of how they function are poorly understood. To date, most attention has focused on grassland primary producers (i.e. forage plants) and mammalian grazers but invertebrates are likely to play an equally, if not more important role in grassland ecosystem functioning. In Australian pastures, for example, the biomass of root-feeding scarab beetles can often exceed that of sheep and plant damage caused by invertebrates is sometimes equivalent to an average dairy cow’s grass consumption. Indeed, grasslands are one of the most densely populated ecosystems with invertebrates being probably the most important engineers that shape both plant communities and the grassland as a whole. In a rapidly changing world with increasing anthropogenic pressure on grasslands, this Research Topic focuses on: 1. How grassland habitats shape invertebrate biodiversity 2. Impacts of climate change on grassland-invertebrate interactions 3. Plant and invertebrate pest monitoring and management 4. Plant-mediated multitrophic interactions and biological control in grasslands 5. Land use and grassland invertebrates 6. Plant resistance to invertebrate pests Given the increasing demand for food and land for human habitation, unprecedented threats to grasslands are anticipated. Resilient to some extent, these key ecosystems need to be better comprehended to guarantee their sustainable management and ecosystem services
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    Eyeblink Conditioning in Psychiatric Conditions - State of the Field and Future Directions (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Eyeblink classical condit ...
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    Harnessing Useful Rhizosphere Microorganisms for Pathogen and Pest Biocontrol (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450596
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Growing demographic trend ...
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    Filamentous Bacteriophage in Bio/Nano/Technology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Ecology (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450954
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Filamentous phage (genus ...
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    Danger Signals Triggering Immune Response and Inflammation (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452842
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (205 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The immune system detects ...
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    Conflict and Cooperation in Microbial Societies (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451432
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The most evident aspect o ...
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    The CB2 Cannabinoid System: A New Strategy in Neurodegenerative Disorder and Neuroinflammation (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452231
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the most common forms of dementia and no pharmacological treatments are to date available for these diseases. Indeed, the only used drugs are symptomatic and no useful to block the progression of the diseases. The lack of a therapeutic approach is also due to a lack of an early diagnosis. This Research Topic describes a new target that is involved in the firs step of these disorders and that can be useful for the treatment and the diagnosis of such pathologies: the cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 or CB2R. Indeed, CB2R is overexpressed in reactive microglia and activated astrocytes during neuroinflammation and thus their detection by PET probes can be an easily strategy for an early diagnosis of neurodegeneration. Moreover, CB2 agonists and inverse agonists displayed neuroprotective effects and they so can be candidated as new therapeutich drugs for the treatment of these pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this Research Topic is to show the great potential of CB2R ligands for the development of new tools/drugs for both the therapy and the diagnosis of neurodegeneration
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    Charophytes: Evolutionary Ancestors of Plants and Emerging Models for Plant Research (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451647
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The charophytes are the group of green algae that are anestral and most closely related to land plants. Today, these organisms are not only important in evoutionary studies but have become outstanding model organisms for plant research
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    Chemicals in the Environment and Brain Development: Importance of Neuroendocrinological Approaches (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451722
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (153 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Mounting evidence shows that increasing numbers of children are being diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, and it is clear that this increase cannot be explained by genetic background alone. A number of studies, including epidemiological studies, have found an association between in-utero and childhood exposure to certain chemicals, such as endocrine disruptors, psychoactive pharmaceuticals, volatile organic chemicals, persistent organic compounds and heavy metals, and children’s brain development. Yet, the mechanisms by which these chemicals impair brain development and function are not fully understood. In addition, little is known about how these chemicals enter and accumulate in the brain. Experimental approaches are essential to understand how those harmful chemicals enter children’s brain and pose discrete effects on specific brain sites. These approaches include the following: improvement of technologies for the detection and measurement of neuroendocrinological and behavioral changes in animal models: development of analytical methods for the identification and quantification of chemicals and their metabolites in the brain; development of in vitro cell line assays; and imaging technologies to illustrate cellular functions. In this research topic, we collected articles that provide state-of-the-art science and technologies that can help us identify environmental chemicals that influence brain development. We also included articles that lead to a better understanding of the actions and dynamics of these chemicals. The articles in this research topics supplied novel information about harmful endpoints of environmental chemicals. The reviews demonstrated the typical and novel interactions between environmental chemicals and the developing brain. We believe that these studies would lead to further understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by environmental factors
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    Cancer Metabolism: Molecular Targeting and Implications for Therapy (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Development of an effecti ...
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    Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 2nd Edition (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (546 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Marine management requires approaches which bring together the best research from the natural and social sciences. It requires stakeholders to be well-informed by science and to work across administrative and geographical boundaries, a feature especially important in the inter-connected marine environment. Marine management must ensure that the natural structure and functioning of ecosystems is maintained to provide ecosystem services. Once those marine ecosystem services have been created, they deliver societal goods as long as society inputs its skills, time, money and energy to gather those benefits. However, if societal goods and benefits are to be limitless, society requires appropriate administrative, legal and management mechanisms to ensure that the use of such benefits do not impact on environmental quality, but instead support its sustainable use
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    Bone Marrow T Cells at the Center Stage in Immunological Memory (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450930
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Increasing evidence supports the notion that bone marrow (BM) represents a relevant player in T cell responses, particularly in its role as a specialized organ for long-term memory. Memory T cells are enriched in the BM over long times after priming, and can be recruited to the periphery upon antigenic challenge. The articles in this research topic include discussions of whether these T cells are passing-through or truly resident, as well as a debate on the extent of proliferation of BM memory T cells. Original research articles in this collection include an analysis of the number of memory T cells found in different bones as well as effects of B cell depletion on T cell memory in the BM. T cells in the BM can influence a number of processes, from bone remodeling, control of cancer, to effects on hemopoiesis or Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD). This research topic contains several contributions to these topics including discussions on how to translate BM T cell knowledge into medicine
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    Biotechnology of Microalgae, Based on Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Eukaryotic Algae and Cyanobacteria (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Bioechnology of microalgae takes much attention because of their ability to utilize light energy and fix CO2. Research in biotechnology of microalgae including eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria is an important and attractive topic which attracts the interests of the public widely. This Research Topic aims to create a collection approaching biotechnology and biology of eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria. Basic science of molecular biology and biochemistry is indispensable for proceeding future application of microalgae, and hence, the title includes "molecular biology" and "biochemistry". Broad range of basic and applied science of microalgae is appreciated in this special topic
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    Assembly of the Photosystem II Membrane-Protein Complex of Oxygenic Photosynthesis (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452330
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Photosystem II is a 700-kDa membrane-protein super-complex responsible for the light-driven splitting of water in oxygenic photosynthesis. The photosystem is comprised of two 350-kDa complexes each made of 20 different polypeptides and over 80 co-factors. While there have been major advances in understanding the mature structure of this photosystem many key protein factors involved in the assembly of the complex do not appear in the holoenzyme. The mechanism for assembling this super-complex is a very active area of research with newly discovered assembly factors and subcomplexes requiring characterization. Additionally the ability to split water is inseparable from light-induced photodamage that arises from radicals and reactive O2 species generated by Photosystem II chemistry. Consequently, to sustain water splitting, a “self repair” cycle has evolved whereby damaged protein is removed and replaced so as to extend the working life of the complex. Understanding how the biogenesis and repair processes are coordinated is among several important questions that remain to be answered. Other questions include: how and when are the inorganic cofactors inserted during the assembly and repair processes and how are the subcomplexes protected from photodamage during assembly? Evidence has also been obtained for Photosystem II biogenesis centers in cyanobacteria but do these also exist in plants? Do the molecular mechanisms associated with Photosystem II assembly shed fresh light on the assembly of other major energy-transducing complexes such as Photosystem I or the cytochrome b6/f complex or indeed other respiratory complexes? The contributions to this Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic are likely to reveal new details applicable to the assembly of a range of membrane-protein complexes, including aspects of self-assembly and solar energy conversion that may be applied to artificial photosynthetic systems. In addition, a deeper understanding of Photosystem II assembly — particularly in response to changing environmental conditions — will provide new knowledge underpinning photosynthetic yields which may contribute to improved food production and long-term food security
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    Brain Oscillations and Predictive Coding: What We Know and What We Should Learn (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451616
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Predictive coding (PC) is a neurocognitive concept, according to which the brain does not process the whole qualia of external information, but only residual mismatches occurring between incoming information and an individual, inner model of the world. At the time of issue initiation, I expected an essential focus on mismatch signals in the brain, especially those captured by neurophysiologic oscillations. This was because one most plausible approach to the PC concept is to identify and validate mismatch signals in the brain. Announcing the topic revealed a much deeper consideration of intelligible minds of researchers. It turned out that what was of fundamental interest was which brain mechanisms support the formation, maintenance and consolidation of the inner model determining PC. Is PC a dynamic construct continuously modulated by external environmental or internal mental information? The reader will be delighted to get acquainted with the current views and understanding of eminent scholars in the field. It will be challenging to discover the realm of sleep where both physiological, energy preserving and mental qualia principles build on the inner models to shape and transform the self. And where neurophysiologic oscillations may both transmit external information and translate inner models from state to state to preserve the self-continuity and compactness
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    Bioactive Compounds from Microbes (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451852
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Microorganisms have had a ...
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  • 75
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    Autoimmuno-Anti-Tumour Immunity (AATI) - Understanding the Immune Responses against "Self" & "Altered-self" (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451906
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The brief description of ...
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    Beyond Reward: Insights from Love and Addiction (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450701
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: It is an interesting topic to discuss addiction and love in the context of reward. In this e-book, we begin with an animal study of comparison between drug and natural reward. Then, some papers aim to understand the reward system underlying behavioral addiction focusing on technology, for example Internet addiction and mobile phone dependence. The third part of this e-book addresses the topic of love. Considered as a whole, this e-book demonstrates that drug and behavioral addictions are frequently related with negative consequences, while romantic love is related with a positive consequence. That's why romantic love may be considered as a natural addiction. We think that the notion of romantic love as a positive addiction may offer a new view for future research in the field.It is an interesting topic to discuss addiction and love in the context of reward. In this e-book, we begin with an animal study of comparison between drug and natural reward. Then, some papers aim to understand the reward system underlying behavioral addiction focusing on technology, for example Internet addiction and mobile phone dependence. The third part of this e-book addresses the topic of love. Considered as a whole, this e-book demonstrates that drug and behavioral addictions are frequently related with negative consequences, while romantic love is related with a positive consequence. That's why romantic love may be considered as a natural addiction. We think that the notion of romantic love as a positive addiction may offer a new view for future research in the field
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    Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Common Mechanisms (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451814
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Multiple relationships exist between antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence, and the spread of clones combining multiple antibiotic resistance and a high virulence level is an increasing problem. It was previously described how mutation-driven or horizontally acquired resistance mechanisms can also have effects on virulence. It was also reported that mobile genetic elements often carry both resistance determinants and virulence-modulating genes, which favors the co-selection of both traits. In the present volume, we present a collection of articles which document additional aspects of the interactions between antimicrobial resistance and virulence in bacteria, and describe their potential therapeutic consequences
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    Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Systems (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451319
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Rivers, lakes and the ocean receive antibiotic resistance genes from human environments. The aquatic environments are a huge reservoir and exchange stage of antibiotic resistance genes
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    Advanced Neuroimaging Methods for Studying Autism Disorder (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453160
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism
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    Advances in Genomics and Epigenomics of Social Insects (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450800
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Social insects are among the most successful and ecologically important animals on earth. The lifestyle of these insects has fascinated humans since prehistoric times. These species evolved a caste of workers that in most cases have no progeny. Some social insects have worker sub-castes that are morphologically specialized for discrete tasks. The organization of the social insect colony has been compared to the metazoan body. Males in the order Hymenoptera (bees, ants and wasps) are haploid, a situation which results in higher relatedness between female siblings. Sociality evolved many times within the Hymenoptera, perhaps spurred in part by increased relatedness that increases inclusive fitness benefits to workers cooperating to raise their sisters and brothers rather than reproducing themselves. But epigenetic processes may also have contributed to the evolution of sociality. The Hymenoptera provide opportunities for comparative study of species ranging from solitary to highly social. A more ancient clade of social insects, the termites (infraorder Isoptera) provide an opportunity to study alternative mechanisms of caste determination and lifestyles that are aided by an array of endosymbionts. This research topic explores the use of genome sequence data and genomic techniques to help us explore how sociality evolved in insects, how epigenetic processes enable phenotypic plasticity, and the mechanisms behind whether a female will become a queen or a worker
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    Advances and Trends in Development of Plant Factories (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The plant factory is a facility that aids the steady production of high-quality vegetables all year round by artificially controlling the cultivation environment (e.g., light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and culture solution), allowing growers to plan production. By controlling theinternal environment,plant factories can produce vegetables about two to four times faster than by typical outdoor cultivation. In addition, as multiple cultivation shelves (a multi-shelf system) are used, the mass production of vegetables in a small space is facilitated. This research topic presents some new trends on intelligent measuring systems; environment controlled and optimization; favonoids; phenylpropanoids, transcriptomes, and bacteria
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    Using Paleolimnology for Lake Restoration and Management (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This e-book presents state-of-the-art research projects and opinions on using paleolimnology for lake restoration and managment. It illustrates the general idea that proposing adequate restoration and managment solutions must be based on the past. Knowing the natural and anthropic variations a water body went through defines the best ways for maintaining or restoring an ecosystem. By quantifying baseline conditions, paleolimnology provides a definite plan for restoration and management. This cannot be achieved without studying the past
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    Use of Saliva in Diagnosis of Periodontitis: Cumulative Use of Bacterial and Host-Derived Biomarkers (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451241
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Periodontitis is an infection-induced inflammatory disease of the tooth supporting tissues. Treatment of periodontal diseases and regeneration of the effected tissues can be possible only in the early diagnosis of the disease. If left undiagnosed or untreated, periodontitis leads to irreversible soft and hard tissue destruction and finally to tooth loss. Saliva is known to contain inflammatory mediators, host tissue and cell degradation products as well as microbial metabolites and enzymes, reflecting the health status of the oral cavity. In this topic, in collaboration with the well-known scientists working on the field of salivary diagnostics, we demonstrate evidence on monitoring periodontitis by salivary analysis
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    Virtual Plants: Modeling Plant Architecture in Changing Environments (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450923
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plant architecture is a major determinant of the resource use efficiency of crops. The architecture of a plant shows ontogenetic structural changes which are modified by multiple environmental factors: Plant canopies are exposed to natural fluctuations in light quantity and the dynamically changing canopy architecture induces local variations in light quality. Changing temperature conditions or water availability during growth additionally affect plant architecture and thus crop productivity, because plants have various options to adapt their architecture to the available resources. Meeting the challenge of ensuring food security we must understand the plant’s mechanisms for integrating and responding to an orchestra of environmental factors. ‘Virtual plants’ describe plant architecture in silico. Virtual plants have the potential to help us understanding the complex feedback processes between canopy architecture, multiple environmental factors and crop productivity. As a research tool, they have become increasingly popular within the last decade due to their great power of realistically visualizing the plant’s architecture. This Research Topic highlights current research carried out on modeling plant architecture in changing environments
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    Ventricular Mechanics in Congenital Heart Disease (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452644
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Looking at "Horse in Motion", the iconic photograph by E. Muybridge, it is almost possible to hear the horse galloping. The pounding sound of the hoofs hitting the ground -like a drum- can also echo the rythmic beating of the human heart. That sound, that visceral rhythm, reminds us of the link between motion and performance: the perfectly executed stride of the horse, the incredible coordination of multiscale phenomena behind a heart beat. Furthermore, the decomposed sequence in Muybridge's photograph has become a well-known example of breaking motion into its components over time, and as such is reminiscent of those images that are routinely acquired in clinical practice, where the heart appears dilating and shirnking in a sequence of snapshots. The investigation of this motion and its subtleties is essential for refining our understanding of cardiac function, and the appreciation of how and when this motion is no longer perfectly executed can lead us to understand functional impairments and provide insight into the unfolding of pathology. In the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD), cardiac mechanics are altered: from single ventricle physiology to conduction abnormalities to different cardiomyopathies, it is important to both capture and interpret biomechanical changes that occur in the presence of a congenital defect. This special issue in Frontiers in Pediatrics, now an e-book, focuses on 'Ventricular mechanics in congenital heart disease' and looks at current knowledge of phenomena such as systolic/diastolic dysfuction and current methods (chiefly in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography) to evaluate cardiac function in the presence of CHD, and then presents a series of original studies that employ both medical imaging and computational modelling techniques to study specific CHD scenarios
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    Understanding the Successful Coordination of Team Behavior (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In many areas of human life, people perform in teams. These teams’ performances depend, at least partly, on team members’ abilities to coordinate their contributions effectively. This includes the making of decisions and the regulation of behavior in reference to the framework provided by the social group- and task-context. Given the high relevance of a deepened and integrated understanding about the mechanisms underlying coordinated team behavior, the aim of this research topic is to provide a platform for different theoretical and methodological approaches to researching and understanding coordinated team behavior in different task contexts. The articles published in this edition offer a multifaceted insight into current work on the topic
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    Update on Oesophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453047
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Oesophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (OA-TOF) is a congenital digestive malformation. With improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, survival rates now exceed 90% and OA-TOF is no more just a neonatal surgical problem, and the focus has now shifted from mortality to morbidity with focus on long-term survival and quality of life issues. The primary complications experienced by these patients include gastroesophageal reflux, peptic and eosinophilic esophagitis, anastomotic stricture, esophageal dysmotility, abnormal gastric function, feeding difficulties and respiratory disorders including tracheomalacia and “cyanotic spells”. Concerns in adults include oesophageal adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma which have been recently reported. This highlights the need for careful multidisciplinary follow up not only in childhood but also after transition to adulthood. Data regarding long-term outcomes and follow-ups are limited for patients following OA-TOF repair. The determination of the risk factors for the complicated evolution following OA-TOF repair may positively impact long-term prognoses. This e-book contains review articles and position paper on all aspects of management of this condition. The material presented in the following articles is primarily based on the presentations by world experts during the recent Fourth International Conference on Oesophageal Atresia held in Sydney in 2016
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    Ubiquitin and the Brain: Roles of Proteolysis in the Normal and Abnormal Nervous System (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452859
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) in the nervous system has been extensively studied both in the context of normal physiological function as well as abnormal pathological conditions. Although ubiquitin was used as a marker of brain pathology, the normal functions of the UPP were not studied much in the nervous system until the 1990s. The early investigations focused on synaptic plasticity which was followed by studies on the roles of protein degradation in the development of the nervous system. Research on the role of abnormal roles of the UPP follows a parallel trajectory. Since the 2000s, the field has grown to encompass many subareas of research and several model systems. Despite the progress made, many unanswered questions still remain. For example, there are many unknowns about the precise spatial and temporal control of protein degradation in the normal nervous system. With respect to the roles of proteolysis in brain pathology a major challenge is to elucidate the connection between impaired protein degradation and disease progression. In addition, in-depth studies of the roles of ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis in neurodegenerative diseases are promising in identifying therapeutic targets. This ebook contains original research papers and insightful reviews that cover several aspects of proteolysis by the UPP and its physiological as well as pathological functions in the nervous system
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    Traumatic Brain Injury as a Systems Neuroscience Problem (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is traditionally viewed as an anatomic and neuropathological condition. Caring for TBI patients is a matter of defining the extent of an anatomical lesion, managing this lesion, and minimizing secondary brain injury. On the research side, the effects of TBI often are studied in the context of neuronal and axonal degeneration and the subsequent deposition of abnormal proteins such as tau. These approaches form the basis of our current understanding of TBI, but they pay less attention to the function of the affected organ, the brain. Much can be learned about TBI by studying this disorder on a systems neuroscience level and correlating changes in neural circuitry with neurological and cognitive function. There are several aspects of TBI that are a natural fit for this perspective, including post-traumatic epilepsy, consciousness, and cognitive sequelae. How individual neurons contribute to network activity and how network function responds to injury are key concepts in examining these areas. In recent years, the available tools for studying the role of neuronal assemblies in TBI have become increasingly sophisticated, ranging from optogenetic and electrophysiological techniques to advanced imaging modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography. Further progress in understanding the disruption and subsequent reshaping of networks is likely to have substantial benefits in the treatment of patients with TBI-associated deficits. In this Frontiers Topic, we intend to highlight the systems neuroscience approach to studying TBI. In addition to analyzing the clinical sequelae of TBI in this context, this series of articles explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying network dysfunction, including alterations in synaptic activity, changes in neural oscillation patterns, and disruptions in functional connectivity. We also include articles on treatment options for TBI patients that modulate network function. It is our hope that this Frontiers Topic will increase the clinical and scientific communities’ awareness of this viable framework for deepening our knowledge of TBI and improving patient outcomes
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    Systems Biology and the Challenge of Deciphering the Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Cancer (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453337
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in the 1920s cancer has been tightly associated with the genetic and metabolic state of the cell. One of the hallmarks of cancer is the alteration of the cellular metabolism in order to promote proliferation and undermine cellular defense mechanisms such as apoptosis or detection by the immune system. However, the strategies by which this is achieved in different cancers and sometimes even in different patients of the same cancer is very heterogeneous, which hinders the design of general treatment options.Recently, there has been an ongoing effort to study this phenomenon on a genomic scale in order to understand the causality underlying the disease. Hence, current “omics” technologies have contributed to identify and monitor different biological pieces at different biological levels, such as genes, proteins or metabolites. These technological capacities have provided us with vast amounts of clinical data where a single patient may often give rise to various tissue samples, each of them being characterized in detail by genomescale data on the sequence, expression, proteome and metabolome level. Data with such detail poses the imminent problem of extracting meaningful interpretations and translating them into specific treatment options. To this purpose, Systems Biology provides a set of promising computational tools in order to decipher the mechanisms driving a healthy cell’s metabolism into a cancerous one. However, this enterprise requires bridging the gap between large data resources, mathematical analysis and modeling specifically designed to work with the available data. This is by no means trivial and requires high levels of communication and adaptation between the experimental and theoretical side of research
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    Emerging Tools for Emerging Symbioses - Using Genomics Applications to Studying Endophytes (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plants are typically colonized by numerous endophyte species symbiotically without any noticeable disease symptoms. These microbes are abundant, diverse and play critical ecological roles across natural and agricultural ecosystems. Endophytes have attracted the attention of researchers due to their various beneficial effects on plants, especially in agricultural crop species. Genomic tools will enhance our understanding on the growth and nutrition requirements of this host-symbiont relationship. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines have allowed analyzing the plant microbiome and host-endophyte interaction more effectively with limited bias. Furthermore, various studies have employed and utilized transcriptomic and genomic tools to understand the role of endophytes and their interaction with plant hosts. This electronic book covers various research articles highlighting the important developments on endophytes using transcriptomics, next generation sequencing and genomic tools
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    Emerging Functions of Septins (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Together with the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate-filament networks, septins constitute an integral part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Historically identified as proteins critical for septum formation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin family GTPases are expressed and participate in the process of cytokinesis in most eukaryotes except higher plants. More than a dozen septin genes in mammals, together with various splice variants displaying tissue-specific expression patterns and flexible hetero-polymeric higher-order assembly achieve an unfathomable complexity superior to the other cytoskeletal components. Even though the initial studies in the septin field was restricted to their evolutionarily conserved role in cell division, strong expression of septins in the non-dividing cells of the brain generated great interest in understanding their role in neuronal morphogenesis and other aspects of cellular function. On one hand, recent developments indicate complex non-canonical roles for septins in diverse processes ranging from neuronal development to immune response and calcium signaling. On the other hand several lines of data including those from knockout models question the universal role for septins in animal cell cytokinesis. Mammalian hematopoietic cells seem to proliferate and efficiently undergo cytokinesis in the absence of pivotal septin proteins in a context-dependent manner. The lack of septin-dependence of hematopoiesis also opens the possibility of safely targeting septin-dependent cytokinesis for solid-tumor therapy. Thus the septin field is perfectly poised with novel roles for septins being discovered and the basic understanding on septin assembly and its canonical functions constantly revisited. The objective of this research topic was to provide an exclusive platform for discussing these rapid advances in the septin field. With a mixture of reviews and research articles encompassing diverse areas of septin research, ranging from the humble yeast model to human cancer, this ebook will be an interesting reading material for both experts as well as new comers to the septin field
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    Second Line Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical; Pathological and Molecular Aspects of Novel Promising Drugs (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Lung cancer still remains ...
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    Signaling in the Phytomicrobiome (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452163
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: A plant growing under field conditions is not a simple individual; it is a community. We now know that there is a community of microbes associated with all parts of the plant, and that the root associated community is particularly large. This microbial community, the phytomicrobiome, is complex, regulated and the result of almost half a billion years of evolution. Circumstances that benefit the plant generally benefit the phytomicrobiome, and vice versa. Members of the holobiont modulate each other's activities, in part, through molecular signals, acting as the hormones of the holobiont. The plant plus the phytomicrobiome constitute the holobiont, the resulting entity that is that community. The phytomicrobiome is complex, well developed and well-orchestrated, and there is considerable potential in managing this system. The use of “biologicals” will develop during the 21st century and play as large a role as agro-chemistry did in the 20th century. Biologicals can be deployed to enhance plant pathogen resistance, improve plant access to nutrients and improve stress tolerance. They can be used to enhance crop productivity, to meet the expanding demands for plant material as food, fibre and fuel. They can assist crop plants in dealing with the more frequent and more extreme episodes of stress that will occur as climate change conditions continue to develop. The path is clear and we have started down it; there is a considerable distance remaining
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  • 95
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    Smelly Fumes: Volatile-Mediated Communication between Bacteria and Other Organisms (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (227 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This e-book summarizes recent advances in the young and rapidly developing field of microbial volatiles. Articles included here reveal novel information about the chemical diversity of bacterial and fungal volatiles, their functions, their roles in inter-specific and inter-kingdom interactions and the metabolic and physiological changes their exposure causes in the target organisms. The e-book is divided in three chapters: (1) Natural Functions of Microbial Volatiles; (2) Volatile Production and Ecosystem Functioning and (3) Volatile Detection and Identification
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  • 96
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    Signalling Pathways in Embryonic Development (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (177 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The formation of a complex multicellular organism from a single cell is one of the most amazing processes of biology. Embryonic development is characterised by the careful regulation of cellular behaviours such that cells proliferate, migrate, differentiate and form tissues at the correct place and time. These processes are genetically controlled and depend both on the history of cells, their lineage, and on the activities of signalling pathways, which coordinate the cell interactions leading to organogenesis. The aim of the Frontiers research topic “Signalling pathways in embryonic development” has been to provide a forum for experts in cell and developmental biology to share recent advances in the field of signalling during embryonic development. Sixteen articles in a variety of formats are united in this Topic, offering a valuable collection for researchers looking for an update in the knowledge of signalling pathways operating during embryogenesis. The works, focused mainly on vertebrates, explore different aspects of this theme from cell communication to organ formation and have implications for areas as distant as evolution or pathology. Understanding developmental signalling pathways is important for several reasons. It gives us information about basic mechanisms of cell function and interactions needed for morphogenesis and organogenesis. It uncovers the basis of congenital malformations, since errors at any step of cell signalling during development are a major cause of defects. This fundamental insight gives us clues to understand the mechanisms operating in evolution that explain diversity in form and function. And finally, it allows the identification of possible causes of disease in the adult organism (such as cancer or degenerative diseases) pinpointing possible targets for therapeutic approaches
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  • 97
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    Principles of Hip Arthroscopy (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The field of arthroscopy, originating from Denmark in 1912, has rapidly evolved to diagnose and treat a wide range of musculoskeletal pathologies. Although around for sometime, arthroscopy in the field of orthopedics has traditionally focused on the knee, shoulder, or elbow, as arthroscopy of the hip is technically challenging; the deep structures of the hip, including neurovascular bundles, require specialized training and equipment to access. However, with advances in surgical techniques, hip arthroscopy has become increasingly popular given its ability to treat pathologies with previously poor prognoses such as labral tears, hip arthritis and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). When indicated, hip arthroscopy results in shorter recovery times, low complication rates, and excellent outcomes in quality of life and pain regardless of age, gender or activity level. The purpose of this e-book is to shed light on this expanding field by delving into the common hip pathology femoroacetabular impingement, its clinical relevance, and to explore various surgical techniques and postoperative rehabilitation. It is our hope that this textbook provides valuable knowledge to advance the field of hip arthroscopy, enhance surgical techniques, and ultimately increase the quality of patient care
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  • 98
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    Recent Advances in Flowering Time Control (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (255 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The onset of flowering is an important step during the lifetime of a flowering plant. During the past two decades, there has been enormous progress in our understanding of how internal and external (environmental) cues control the transition to reproductive growth in plants. Many flowering time regulators have been identified from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Most of them are assembled in regulatory pathways, which converge to central integrators which trigger the transition of the vegetative into an inflorescence meristem. For crop cultivation, the time of flowering is of upmost importance, because it determines yield. Phenotypic variation for this trait is largely controlled by genes, which were often modified during domestication or crop improvement. Understanding the genetic basis of flowering time regulation offers new opportunities for selection in plant breeding and for genome editing and genetic modification of crop species
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  • 99
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    Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452835
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (328 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Igneous oceanic crust is one of the largest potential habitats for life on earth, and microbial activity supported by rock-water-microbe reactions in this environment can impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, our understanding of the microbiology of this system, especially the subsurface “deep biosphere” component of it, has traditionally been limited by sample availability and quality. Over the past decade, several major international programs (such as the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, the current International Ocean Discovery Program and its predecessor Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and the Deep Carbon Observatory) have focused on advancing our understanding of life in this cryptic, yet globally relevant, biosphere. Additionally, many field and laboratory research programs are examining hydrothermal vent systems –a seafloor expression of seawater that has been thermally and chemically altered in subseafloor crust – and the microbial communities supported by these mineral-rich fluids. The Frontiers in Microbiology 3 September 2017 | Recent Advances in Geomicrobiology of the Ocean Crust papers in this special issue bring together recent discoveries of microbial presence, diversity and activity in these dynamic ocean environments. Cumulatively, the articles in this special issue serve as a tribute to the late Dr. Katrina J. Edwards, who was a pioneer and profound champion of studying microbes that “rust the crust”. This special issue volume serves as a foundation for the continued exploration of the subsurface ocean crust deep biosphere
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  • 100
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    Recent Advances and Challenges on Big Data Analysis in Neuroimaging (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451289
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data
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