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  • 2015-2019  (74)
  • 2005-2009
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (74)
  • Employment  (74)
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  • 2015-2019  (74)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264259225 , 9789264259218 , 9789264294431
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Saskatchewan and the Yukon, Canada
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Flandern ; Yukon Territory ; Saskatchewan ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; Bericht ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Beschäftigung ; Yukon Territory ; Saskatchewan
    Kurzfassung: This report looks at a range of local employment and economic development issues in Saskatchewan and the Yukon, Canada, with a focus on indigenous peoples. The report provides a comparative framework to understand the role of the local level in contributing to more and better quality jobs, and practical recommendations to help federal, provincial/territorial, and local policy makers in Canada build effective and sustainable partnerships that join-up efforts across employment, training, and economic development policies. Co-ordinated policies can help workers find suitable jobs, while also stimulating entrepreneurship and productivity, which increases the quality of life and prosperity within a community as well as throughout the country.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264259249
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands ; Bericht ; Borowski, Birgit Niederlande ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Kurzfassung: The Dutch labour migration system has undergone substantive changes in recent years. To induce a transition to more high-skilled migration, a programme based on salary thresholds has grown in volume while a programme based on work permits after a labour market test has shrunk. New programmes target international graduates either of Dutch educational institutions or of selected institutions abroad. Changes to immigration procedures have shifted responsibility to migrants' employers and have greatly reduced processing times. This review first examines the composition of labour migration to the Netherlands, in the context of present and expected demand in the Dutch labour market. Following a discussion of various programmes and procedures, the review assesses how labour migration contributes to the strategic development of sectors and to employment in regions. It then explores the determinants for the retention of high-skilled migrants and for the integration of international graduates into the Dutch labour market.
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 173
    Schlagwort(e): Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Chile ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Chile ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Chile has made considerable progress in promoting access to affordable good-quality housing over the past two decades. The proportion of households that have no housing or that live in sub-standard housing has fallen from 23% in 1992 to 10% in 2011 (Ministerio Desarrollo Social 2013). Nevertheless, the incidence of poor quality housing and overcrowding is still high by international standards and residential segregation continues to be significant in Chile’s urban areas. Compared to other OECD countries, Chile is also characterised by small rental housing sector, which accounts for 18% of the housing stock; on average this tenure comprises 32% of the housing stock across OECD countries (Salvi Del Pero et al. 2015 forthcoming). After highlighting some of Chile’s key policy challenges in supporting access to quality and affordable housing (Chapter 1), this brief reviews two of Chile’s housing policy programmes. The first is a government subsidy to promote access to homeownership among low-income households; this programme – through various modifications – has been a central component of housing policy in Chile for over two decades. Chapter 2 discusses the characteristics of the programme, its objectives and the changes introduced to it in 2011; the further changes to the programme being discussed during the preparation of this brief – are instead not part of the study. The second policy reviewed in this report is a programme that introduced for the first time a subsidy to provide support for rental costs to young low and middle income households. Chapter 3 presents the main objectives and characteristics of this programme.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 175
    Schlagwort(e): Beschäftigungssicherung ; Gesundheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the labour market security dimension of the OECD’s job quality framework, thereby complementing the analysis in Chapter 3 of the OECD Employment Outlook 2014 and Chapter 5 of the OECD Employment Outlook 2015. It makes three main contributions. First, it provides an in-depth discussion of the definition and measurement of labour market security. and discusses in detail the various methodological issues surrounding its measurement. Second, it offers a comprehensive statistical portrait of labour market security across countries, socio-economic groups and over time. Third, it investigates the statistical relationship between labour market insecurity and subjective measures of well-being. Importantly, we find that the risk of unemployment has a detrimental effect on the well-being of employed workers, and that this reflects to an important extent the risk of staying unemployed for a prolonged period of time. Policymakers should therefore focus not only on reducing the level of unemployment, but also on speeding up unemployment turnover at a given level of unemployment. Unemployment insurance also mitigates the adverse effect of unemployment risk, and particularly that of long-term unemployment, on the well-being of the employed.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 83 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 176
    Schlagwort(e): Wohnungspolitik ; Wohnungsbau ; Qualitätsmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper develops OECD information on housing policies and the degree to which OECD countries pursue social policy objectives them. Data collected by the OECD shows that most OECD countries provide considerable support to promote access to homeownership: reported spending can amount up to 2.3% of GDP. Most OECD countries also support the provision of social rental housing, but public support for social rental housing is declining in many countries and the private rental sector is playing an increasingly important role in promoting access to affordable housing. In almost all OECD countries housing support is also delivered through means-tested housing allowances, for which reporting countries spend between 0.6 and 1.8% of GDP. The available data do not allow for a comprehensive cross-country comparison of the housing policy mix but, where available, data suggest that owner-occupied housing receives significant support compared to other tenures.Access to housing and housing quality also remain pressing concerns in many OECD countries. Significant numbers of people are homeless: while statistics are difficult to compare, most OECD countries report that 1 to 8 people in every thousand lack regular access to housing. In addition, many households live in low-quality dwellings: 15% of low-income households live in overcrowded dwellings and 14% do not have access to an indoor flushing toilet. Neighbourhood crime and pollution are also problematic for many households throughout the OECD.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 184
    Schlagwort(e): Migrationspolitik ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015. The paper examines immigration to, and emigration from, the European Union, and compares them with migrant inflows and outflows to other OECD destinations. It investigates how the migrants are distributed in terms of gender, age, education and labour force status, depending on their country of origin as well as of destination. Drawing upon the Database on Immigrants in the OECD countries (DIOC), changes in migration rates and stock are analysed over time, focusing on whether the EU is facing a net gain or loss of skills.
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 187
    Schlagwort(e): Ausländer ; Einwanderungsrecht ; Mobilität ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper (DELSA/ELSA/MI(2015)5) was presented and discussed at the OECD working party on migration in June 2015. The functioning of labour markets in the European Union can benefit if third-country nationals become more mobile between EU member states. Using micro data from the EU Labour Force Survey, this paper measures their mobility and investigates whether it is raised by naturalisation or long-term resident status. While third-country nationals are overall less mobile than EU citizens, tertiary-educated persons appear equally mobile in both groups. Raising the mobility of all third-country nationals to the level of EU citizens would add at least 25 000 mobile persons. Causal effects on mobility from long-term resident status and naturalisation are identified through a difference-in-difference approach. Results suggest that long-term resident status increases the mobility of third-country nationals by 2%-6%. To avoid selection bias in the results for naturalisation, this paper draws on a natural experiment: following the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU, all their citizens indiscriminately obtained the rights of EU citizens. The evidence suggests that those who were already living in other EU countries became more mobile as a result. These findings highlight that intra-EU mobility of third-country nationals depends on their rights to reside and work in other EU countries.
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 194
    Schlagwort(e): 2003 - 2012 ; Arbeitsuche ; Kündigung ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Dauer ; Frankreich ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Combining the longitudinal dimension and the retrospective calendar of the French Labour Force Survey (2003-2011), we analyse the labour market transitions and outcomes of workers who were dismissed for economic reasons. This study analyses the re-employment patterns of displaced workers and their earnings losses, as is common in the literature, as well as the consequences of displacement for other aspects of job quality. Results suggest that the cost of involuntary job loss is important and goes beyond the fall in earnings. Workers who are made redundant face relatively long spells of non-employment before getting back to work and their new jobs tend to be of lower quality than their pre-displacement jobs along a number dimensions. Re-employed displaced workers suffer a monthly wage penalty of 15-20% and are, on average, nine times as likely to lose their job again as are workers who have not been made redundant. In addition, displaced workers are more likely to work part-time once re-employed, and to have fewer paid holidays and lower job authority than had they not been dismissed, though these differences tend to fall over time.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 192
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Estland ; Spanien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper proposes a novel method for identifying and visualising key employment obstacles that may prevent individuals from participating fully in the labour market. The approach is intended to complement existing sources of information that governments use when designing and implementing activation and employment-support policies. In particular, it aims to provide individual and household perspectives on employment problems, which may be missed when relying on common labour-force statistics or on administrative data, but which are relevant for targeting and tailoring support programmes and related policy interventions. A first step describes a series of employment-barrier indicators at the micro level, comprising three domains: work-related capabilities, financial incentives and employment opportunities. For each domain, a selected set of concrete employment barriers are quantified using the EU-SILC multi-purpose household survey. In a second step, a statistical clustering method (latent class analysis), is used to establish profiles and patterns of employment barriers among individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment. A detailed illustration for two countries (Estonia and Spain) shows that “short-hand” groupings that are often highlighted in the policy debate, such as “youth” or “older workers”, are in fact composed of multiple distinct sub-groups that face very different combinations of employment barriers and likely require different policy approaches. Results also indicate that individuals typically face two or more simultaneous employment obstacles suggesting that addressing one barrier at a time may not have the intended effect on employment levels. From a policy perspective, the results support calls for carefully sequencing activation and employment support measures, and for coordinating them across policy domains and institutions.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustaining Ireland's recovery for all
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Ireland
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Jobs are not just about how much money
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Economics
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264258051
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'importance des compétences : Nouveaux résultats de l'évaluation des compétences des adultes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Skills matter
    Schlagwort(e): Erwachsene ; Qualifikation ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Erwachsener ; Bildungsniveau ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Kurzfassung: In the wake of the technological revolution that began in the last decades of the 20th century, labour market demand for information-processing and other high-level cognitive and interpersonal skills is growing substantially. The Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), was designed to provide insights into the availability of some of these key skills in society and how they are used at work and at home. The first survey of its kind, it directly measures proficiency in several information-processing skills – namely literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments. This volume reports results from the 24 countries and regions that participated in the first round of the survey in 2011-12 (first published in OECD Skills Outlook 2013: First Results from the Survey of Adult Skills) and from the nine additional countries that participated in the second round in 2014-15 (Chile, Greece, Indonesia [Jakarta], Israel, Lithuania, New Zealand, Singapore, Slovenia and Turkey). It describes adults’ proficiency in the three information-processing skills assessed, and examines how skills proficiency is related to labour market and social outcomes. Another related report, The Survey of Adult Skills: Reader’s Companion, Second Edition, describes the design and methodology of the survey and its relationship to other international assessments of young students and adults.
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264265479
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Getting Skills Right
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Schweden ; Education ; Employment ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Bildungspolitik
    Kurzfassung: The costs of a persistent misalignment between the supply and demand for skills are substantial, ranging from lost wages for workers to lower productivity for firms and countries. Addressing skills imbalances has become even more of a concern as OECD governments reflect on the implications of technological progress, digitisation, demographic change and globalisation for jobs and work organisation. In light of these challenges, OECD has undertaken new research to shed light on how countries measure changing skill needs while ensuring that employment, training and migration institutions are responsive to the emergence of new skill requirements. The Getting Skills Right in Sweden review offers an in-depth analysis of the key areas where policy action is required to spur the development of an efficient system for skills assessment and anticipation to inform policy in the country. The report provides an assessment of practices in the following areas: i) the collection of information on existing and future skill needs; ii) the use of skill needs information to guide policy development in the areas of labour, education and migration; and iii) the existence of effective governance arrangements to ensure good co-ordination among the key stakeholders in the collection and use of skill needs information.
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264262324 , 9789264294493 , 9789264263796
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Israel 2016
    Schlagwort(e): KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Israel ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Israel ; Israel ; Unternehmenspolitik
    Kurzfassung: This report examines Israel’s performance in stimulating SMEs and entrepreneurship and makes recommendations for government policy. A dual economy has gradually emerged in Israel, in which high rates of successful technology-based entrepreneurship contrast with low average productivity and growth in traditional SMEs. Israel has excellent framework conditions and programmes for technology-based start-ups and SMEs in areas such as R&D, high-level skills generation and venture capital finance. These strengths need to be maintained. At the same time, more needs to be done to spread success to all types of SMEs and all groups of the Israeli population. This report recommends a range of new and expanded interventions for example in access to credit, broad innovation, workforce skills development, management support and entrepreneurship education. It recommends underpinning these actions with a national SME and entrepreneurship policy strategy and new arrangements for inter-ministerial co-ordination.
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264260030 , 9789264293540 , 9789264256521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Employment and skills strategies in Poland
    Schlagwort(e): Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Polen ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland
    Kurzfassung: With the rising economic importance of human resources and skills, employment and training agencies are often expected to play a more important role in local strategies to support new job creation, facilitate restructuring and increase productivity. The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme has developed a series of reviews on Local Job Creation to examine the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment and enhancing productivity. For Poland, the review has looked at the range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies, focusing on local strategies in the city of Poznań and the Radomski sub-region.
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  • 17
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1288
    Schlagwort(e): Rentner ; Altersvorsorge ; Wohlfahrtsanalyse ; Israel ; Employment ; Economics ; Israel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Israel is a young country with still dynamic population growth, but it is already beginning to face the consequences of population ageing. The pension system relies largely on mandatory private retirement saving, which will moderate the long-term fiscal impact. Yet, there are questions about the fairness of the pension system, given the regressive nature of some of its tax provisions, its ability to effectively protect the most vulnerable elderly, whose poverty rate is high, as is the case for the rest of the population, and its efficiency in securing and valuing these retirement savings to guarantee pension adequacy. This review examines ways forward for policy to address these issues by reinforcing the protective role of basic pensions, by encouraging people to work longer and by improving the fairness and effectiveness of the system’s second pillar. This Working Paper relates to the 2016 OECD Economic Review of Israel (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-israel.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1290
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Integration ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Chile ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Chile ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Improving education and skills is the linchpin to reduce income inequality and boost productivity growth. This paper argues that to improve, and make better use of, the skills of the labour force, Chile could gain a lot from a comprehensive and consistent Skills Strategy along three pillars: developing, activating and using skills effectively. Chile has made tremendous progress over the last decades attracting more students to the education system. Yet, educational outcomes remain below OECD standards, and are strongly linked to students’ socio-economic status. Improving the quality and equity of education would help achieve stronger productivity growth and make Chile a more inclusive country. Therefore, Chile should set the goal of attaining universal skills by 2030. Reaching this goal requires investing more in early childhood education, making schools more inclusive and reshaping teacher careers. Chile also needs to improve access to quality tertiary education for students from medium and low socio-economic backgrounds. Finally, in terms of activating and using skills effectively, a key goal should be to reduce skill mismatch, which contributes to low productivity growth. This requires more flexible labour markets, investing more in vocational education and training, and promoting the participation of more women in the fields of engineering and computer science. This working paper relates to the 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/ economic-survey-chile.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 19
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1310
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitslosenversicherung ; Arbeitsmarktreform ; Steuertheorie ; Lohnsubvention ; Simulation ; Litauen ; Employment ; Economics ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In 2015 the Lithuanian government launched an ambitious Social Model reform agenda aimed at balancing flexibility of the labour market and security provided through the system of social protection. We simulate alternative scenarios for reforming the unemployment benefit and cash social assistance systems in Lithuania. We first analyse a reform of the social insurance unemployment benefit along the lines currently proposed by the Lithuanian authorities within the new “Social Model”. The social assistance reforms were left outside of the Social Model. However, social assistance, as currently designed, has strong negative effects on the work incentives of the recipients. We construct and consider several reform scenarios: extending the current system of in-work payments; establishing earnings disregards; and modifying the equivalence scale for family. We look at the effects of reforms on financial incentives to search and accept a vacancy as measured by the share of additional income that is taxed away through direct taxes, social insurance contributions or through benefit withdrawal when increasing labour supply (effective marginal tax rate). We also investigate the impact of reforms on poverty, income distribution as well as their first-order financial costs. We use microsimulation techniques applied to a representative sample of Lithuanian households. Our simulations are carried out using EUROMOD –a static tax-benefit microsimulation model developed for the European Union. The model uses micro-data from the 2012 Lithuanian component of the European Union-Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC). This Working Paper relates to the 2016 OECD Economic Survey of Lithuania (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-lithuania.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1349
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Netzinfrastruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Knowing who gains and loses from regulatory reform is important for understanding the political economy of reform. Using micro-level data from 26 countries, this paper studies how regulatory reform of network industries, a policy priority in many advanced economies, influences the labour market situation of workers in network industries. Estimates are identified from changes in a worker’s pay, industry-level employment flows and regulation over time. The main finding is that the regulation of network industries provides workers in this industry with a wage premium and higher employment stability relative to similar workers in other industries. Regulatory reform therefore tends to align labour income and employment stability in the reformed industry with those in other industries. Workers in the reformed industry lose out compared with others, because they no longer benefit from “excess” pay and employment stability.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 177
    Schlagwort(e): Einkommensverteilung ; Arbeitsmobilität ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides comprehensive cross-country evidence on the relationship between earnings inequality and intra-generational mobility by simulating individual earnings and employment trajectories in the long-term using short panel data for 24 OECD countries. On average across countries, about 25% of earnings inequality in a given year evens out over the life cycle as a result of mobility. Moreover, mobility is not systematically higher in countries with more earnings inequality in general. However, a positive and statistically significant relationship is found only in the bottom of the distribution. This reflects the role of mobility between employment and unemployment and not that of mobility up and down the earnings ladder.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 179
    Schlagwort(e): Migrationspolitik ; Fachkräfte ; Freizügigkeit ; Arbeitsmigranten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper (DELSA/ELSA/MI(2015)10) was presented and discussed at the OECD working party on migration in June 2015 This paper examines the impact of the free flow of migrants within the EU on the prospects of labour migrants from third countries - the extent to which free movement migrants and third country migrants are substitutes or complements on the labour market. The first section of this paper looks at the recent trends in migration to the European Union, with a particular focus on trends in the ‘big five’ recipient countries. The analysis is supplemented by the use of micro data from the EU Labour Force Survey, to examine the extent to which the socio-economic and job characteristics suggest that EU migrants and third country migrants provide a similar labour input. Aggregate migrant flows, however, are driven by both supply and demand factors; a comparison of aggregate trends is therefore insufficient to disentangle the disparate drivers of these trends. A booming economy, for example, will attract labour migrants from both EU and third countries, yet the positive relation between these flows cannot be attributed to a complementarity between these labour inputs but rather to the demand side factors that drive them both. To overcome this endogeneity the second section of this paper utilizes the natural experiment of EU enlargement to isolate the impact of the increased supply of free movement migrants on third country migrant populations. Abstracting in this manner from the economic factors that have played such an important role in determining labour demand in recent years the empirical analysis of this paper identifies a negative impact on the arrivals of third country migrants when labour supply from new EU migrants increases. Furthermore, the lack of identifiable impact on the employment rate of third country migrants is dependent on assumptions regarding the counterfactual employment outcomes of these displaced third country migrants.
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  • 23
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 183
    Schlagwort(e): Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Fachkräfte ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015.The paper presents the main instruments for co-operation with third countries in the area of labour immigration – policy instruments constituted by the mobility partnerships, financial instruments, as well as legal instruments. For each of them, the study examines the reference sources underpinning the activity, the manner in which labour immigration is organised, and the ways of promoting ethical recruitment. The paper then draws up a frame of reference on these instruments, followed by specific references to the labour immigration policies of certain Member States, and certain third countries, serving to illustrate the arguments.
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 97 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 186
    Schlagwort(e): Studierende ; Ausländer ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Rückwanderung ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015.The paper investigates the preferences and post-graduation mobility behaviour of international students, focusing on how the EU could succeed in attracting and keeping highly educated talent from across the globe. Providing their skills to European labour markets, graduates from outside the EU have a potential to enrich the supply of high-skilled labour. Seen as the 28 EU countries still constitute the most attractive destination area for studying abroad, the paper examines different calculation methods in order to generate stay rates for over 170 countries of origin. Empirical results indicate that for the EU as a whole, aggregate stay rates from stayers from all non-EU source countries lie within a range of 16.4% and 29.1%. They are also typically very low among students from other OECD countries, and much higher for students from less developed or politically less stable countries. The paper concludes by recommending a catalogue of measures to boost the EU's attractiveness, and to increase stay rates. Proposed policy measures draw on a smooth labour market integration of international graduates, as well as on cultivating strong points of the European countries, such as: political stability and participation possibilities, reliable institutions and governance structure, as well as an innovative and competitive environment.
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  • 25
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 188
    Schlagwort(e): Einwanderung ; Migrationsforschung ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015. The paper investigates the main likely drivers of migration towards the EU. It encompasses a literature review on the determinants of potential and actual migration, followed by an illustrative empirical investigation of worldwide migration intentions – focused on intentions to move permanently in a restricted time span, based on the Gallup surveys on the opinions and aspirations of people around the globe. The paper then continues with a descriptive analysis of migration intentions using both aggregated figures and figures disaggregated by region or country of destination and region or country of origin. It then investigates if individuals intending to move to European countries differ from those intending to move elsewhere using basic individual characteristics such as sex, age, education, and marital and employment status. When feasible, it compares the findings with the profile of recent migrants residing in OECD countries derived from the Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD Countries.
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  • 26
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 193
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Digitale Güter ; Computerunterstützung ; Deindustrialisierung ; Arbeitsgesellschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In tandem with the diffusion of computer technologies, labour markets across the OECD have undergone rapid structural transformation. In this paper, we examine i) the impact of technological change on labour market outcomes since the computer revolution of the 1980s, and ii) recent developments in digital technology – including machine learning and robotics – and their potential impacts on the future of work. While it is evident that the composition of the workforce has shifted dramatically over recent decades, in part as a result of technological change, the impacts of digitalisation on the future of jobs are far from certain. On the one hand, accumulating anecdotal evidence shows that the potential scope of automation has expanded beyond routine work, making technological change potentially increasingly labour-saving: according to recent estimates 47 percent of US jobs are susceptible to automation over the forthcoming decades. On the other hand, there is evidence suggesting that digital technologies have not created many new jobs to replace old ones: an upper bound estimate is that around 0.5 percent of the US workforce is employed in digital industries that emerged throughout the 2000s. Nevertheless, at first approximation, there is no evidence to suggest that the computer revolution so far has reduced overall demand for jobs as technologically stagnant sectors of the economy – including health care, government and personal services – continue to create vast employment opportunities. Looking forward, however, we argue that as the potential scope of automation is expanding, many sectors that have been technologically stagnant in the past are likely to become technologically progressive in the future. While we should expect a future surge in productivity as a result, the question of whether gains from increases in productivity will be widely shared depends on policy responses.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 27
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 255
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Wissensgesellschaft ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report provides new evidence on the effects of digital technologies on labour demand and discusses key policies to foster employment in the digital economy. The digital economy has the potential to enhance productivity, income and social well-being. It is creating job opportunities in new markets and increasing employment in some existing occupations. As digital technologies enable the production of more goods and services with less labour, they also expose some workers to the risk of unemployment or lower wages. They also enable changes in the organisation of work, with implications for the capability of existing policies and programmes to ensure labour market inclusion, job quality and skills development. The report discusses policies to foster growth and employment in new economic activities enabled by digital technologies, to accompany workers along the transition to new jobs, and to help ensure job quality in the digital economy.
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  • 28
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.129
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment
    Kurzfassung: Using the 2012 PIAAC data, our analysis confirms that there are significantly higher earnings and employment returns to both increasing levels of formally recognised education, and to increasing levels of numeracy, literacy and Information and communication technologies (ICT) skills proficiencies controlling for the level of education. Unsurprisingly, the labour market returns to changes in formally recognised levels of education in general exceed the labour market returns associated with increasing levels of skills proficiency. In the case of literacy and numeracy proficiencies, improved literacy and numeracy skills narrow the labour market outcomes gap between individuals with different levels of formally recognised education, but do not close it completely. The analysis demonstrates more substantial returns to ICT skills. Furthermore, possession of higher levels of ICT skills and lower levels of formally recognised qualification are often associated with higher returns compared to individuals with higher levels of formally recognised education but lower ICT proficiency levels. In other words, ICT skills proficiencies often entirely compensate for lower formally recognised qualifications in the labour market.
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Ireland
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Economics ; Ireland
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pérenniser la reprise irlandaise pour tous
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Ireland
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les emplois représentent plus que des revenus
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264257290
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Migration ; Europa
    Kurzfassung: The OECD series Recruiting Immigrant Workers comprises country studies of labour migration policies. Each volume analyses whether migration policy is being used effectively and efficiently to help meet labour needs, without adverse effects on labour markets. It focuses mainly on regulated labour migration movements over which policy has immediate and direct oversight. This particular volume looks at the efficiency of European Union instruments for managing labour migration.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264266513
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Back to Work
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Back to work
    Schlagwort(e): Kündigung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; USA ; Employment ; United States ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Wiedereinstellung
    Kurzfassung: Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over their lifetime. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less and have fewer benefits than in their prior jobs. Helping them get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is part of a series of nine reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that the United States has a relatively high rate of job displacement and that only one in two affected workers find a new job within one year. Older displaced workers and those with a low level of education fare worst. Contrary to most other OECD countries, displaced workers have long been a target group for policy intervention, and a number of system features, like rapid response services, are promising. But the success of US policies is limited because overall funding for the workforce development system is insufficient and because only trade-related job displacement comes with generous entitlement for training and better benefits.
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264259492
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Études de l'OCDE sur les compétences
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Skills Matter: Further Results from the Survey of Adult Skills
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment
    Kurzfassung: La révolution technologique amorcée au cours des dernières décennies du XXe siècle a modifié les besoins en compétences sur le marché du travail. De nos jours, les compétences en traitement de l’information, les compétences interpersonnelles et d’autres aptitudes cognitives de haut niveau sont de plus en plus prisées. L’Évaluation des compétences des adultes, lancée dans le cadre du Programme de l'OCDE pour l’évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes (PIAAC), vise à fournir un nouvel éclairage sur le rôle de ces compétences dans la société d’aujourd’hui et sur leur utilisation dans le cadre privé et professionnel. Première évaluation de cette nature, elle mesure directement la maîtrise de plusieurs compétences en traitement de l’information : la littératie, la numératie et la résolution de problèmes dans des environnements à forte composante technologique. Ce volume présente les résultats des 24 pays et régions qui ont participé à la première vague de l'évaluation en 2011-2012 (publiés pour la première fois dans Perspectives de l’OCDE sur les compétences 2013 : Premiers résultats de l’Évaluation des compétences des adultes) et des neuf pays supplémentaires qui ont participé à la deuxième vague en 2014-2015 (Chili, Grèce, Indonésie [Jakarta], Israël, Lituanie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Singapour, Slovénie et Turquie). Il décrit les compétences des adultes dans les trois domaines de compétences en traitement de l’information évalués et analyse le lien entre les compétences et les résultats sur le marché du travail ainsi que les résultats sociaux. Un rapport connexe, le second volume de L’Évaluation des compétences des adultes : Manuel à l’usage des lecteurs, décrit la conception et la méthodologie de l’évaluation, et les corrélations à établir avec d’autres évaluations internationales portant sur les compétences des jeunes étudiants et des adultes. Un rapport connexe, le second volume de L’Évaluation des compétences des adultes : Manuel à l’usage des lecteurs, décrit la conception et la méthodologie de l’évaluation, et ses relations avec d’autres évaluations internationales des compétences des jeunes encore scolarisés et des adultes.
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264244825
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of labour market and social policies
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktsegmentation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Kolumbien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialpolitik
    Kurzfassung: Colombia has made major economic and social advances in recent years. The combination of strong economic growth and policies targeted at the most vulnerable groups improved considerably the living standards of the Colombian population. Today, the country enjoys higher employment and labour force participation rates than the average of OECD countries and unemployment is steadily declining. Nevertheless, despite these positive trends, deep structural problems remain. Labour informality is widespread, the rate of self-employment is high and many employees have non-regular contracts. Income inequality is higher than in any OECD country and redistribution through taxes and benefits is almost negligible. In addition, half a century of internal conflict and violence has displaced a significant part of the population, and many of them are living in extreme poverty. Despite considerable progress, violence continues to be a challenge and also affects trade union members and leaders. The Colombian Government has undertaken important reforms in recent years to address these labour market and social challenges, and the efforts are gradually paying off. However, further progress is needed to enhance the quality of jobs and well-being for all. The main trust of this report is to support the Colombian Government in tackling labour market duality, generate trust between the social partners, develop inclusive and active social policies, and get the most out of international migration.
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  • 38
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2016, 03
    Schlagwort(e): Zufriedenheit ; Sozialer Indikator ; Suchmaschine ; Webanalyse ; USA ; Employment ; Economics ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: We build an indicator of individual subjective well-being in the United States based on Google Trends. The indicator is a combination of keyword groups that are endogenously identified to fit with the weekly time-series of subjective well-being measures disseminated by Gallup Analytics. We find that keywords associated with job search, financial security, family life and leisure are the strongest predictors of the variations in subjective well-being. The model successfully predicts the out-of-sample evolution of most subjective well-being measures at a one-year horizon.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 39
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1293
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktreform ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Qualifikation ; Irland ; Employment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Irish economy is growing strongly, but there is a risk many households will be left behind despite robust growth. High joblessness especially among the low-educated and skill-biased wage differentials have induced high market income inequality, among the highest in the OECD. Ireland’s comprehensive welfare system provides a broad range of social benefits, which keeps jobless households out of poverty, but this reduces the financial incentives to work, especially for families with children. Structural unemployment is also explained by the lack of skills required to find employment in the Irish labour market, where the presence of multinational enterprises increases the reward for high skills and the penalty for poor skills. With the unemployed pool lacking the right skills and financial incentives, employers tend to resort to foreign workers, a practice facilitated by the well-functioning migration system. Getting more people into work is important to share the benefits of the recovery as widely as possible. This requires building up work capacity, especially by improving jobseekers’ training, and ensuring welfare recipients honour their Job Path commitments in return. More needs to be done to increase incentive to work by reducing welfare and low-income traps. This should be done by shifting the tax burden from labour to indirect taxes in a progressive way that does not harm the lowest income groups. (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-ireland.htm).
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1350
    Schlagwort(e): 2005-2012 ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents quantitative information on labour market flows for 25 OECD countries. It uses household surveys that offer the advantage of reporting monthly transitions between employment, unemployment and economic inactivity for individuals. Between 2005 and 2012, the annual probability of leaving employment averaged 10% across OECD countries. Jobless people have a 30% average probability of finding a job. The analysis uncovers significant cross-country differences and highlights key facts about how labour market flows differ depending on socio-demographic, worker characteristics and the institutional framework. Female, young, low educated and low income workers are at highest risk of becoming jobless. Young jobless individuals have higher chances of finding a job than their older counterparts. Female, low educated and low income jobless individuals face a lower probability of finding a job than others.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 41
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 174
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsplatz ; OECD-Staaten ; job quality ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents the OECD Framework for Measuring and Assessing Job Quality developed jointly by the Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Directorate and the Statistics Directorate of the OECD as part of a broader EU-supported project1 and describes its links to the broader well-being agenda pursued by the OECD. The approach to job quality taken is explicitly multi-dimensional and defined in terms of earnings quality, labour market security and quality of working environment. The paper then discusses measurement choices and indicators selected for each of the three dimensions of job quality, highlighting the main limitations on the data front. Finally, the paper documents job quality across OECD and non OECD countries as well as across socio-economic groups for which data are available.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 42
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 178
    Schlagwort(e): Unternehmer ; Migrationspolitik ; Fachkräfte ; Freizügigkeit ; Arbeitsmigranten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895). A previous version of this paper DELSA/ELSA/MI(2015)8 was presented and discussed at the OECD working party on migration in June 2015. The paper examines the ways in which employers are protagonists in international labour migration, and what can be done to ensure that they are partners in increasing European attractiveness for internationally mobile talent. Facilitating movement of Intra-Corporate Transfer (ICT) workers in multinational companies, improving the ability of SMEs to access foreign workers, as well as attracting entrepreneurs and investors in the EU single market, are the three principal channels examined in the report. The paper provides recommendations for policy development in these three areas.
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  • 43
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 182
    Schlagwort(e): Migrationspolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015.The paper investigates the notion of the “community preference” which in filling job posts gives a priority to EU-nationals over third-country nationals. Analysing the impact of the principle on the European labour migration policy, the report presents a brief history of the notion, and discusses how it is referred to in EU labour migration policy documents. It also examines the challenges that the principle is facing as the EU immigration policy develops, tending to give increasing rights to third-country nationals.
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  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 181
    Schlagwort(e): Migrationspolitik ; Fachkräfte ; Freizügigkeit ; Arbeitsmigranten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper (DELSA/ELSA/MI(2015)4) was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015. The paper assesses the impact of three European Directives – Student Directive, Researcher Directive and the Blue Card Directive – on migration flows from third countries to the EU. Using a difference-in-difference empirical strategy and data from the EU-LFS and Eurostat database on work permits to non-EU workers, it estimates the effect of each Directive on the inflow of targeted third country nationals. Overall, the econometric analysis does not provide evidence of a direct impact of the implementation of either of the Directives on the inflow of targeted groups. Most member states did experience an increase in the inflow of non-EU high skilled workers after the adoption of the Blue Card Directive; however, this increase can be almost entirely explained by positive pre-existing trends in the inflow of this type of immigrants. Similarly, despite the increase in the number of permits issued to students and researchers from third countries in Europe, difference-in-differences estimates do not provide evidence of a direct effect of the implementation of the Student and Researcher Directive on changes in this type of inflows. The absence of a measurable impact of the three Directives analysed may be due to delayed effects of policy changes, which take time to filter into perception and thus affect immigrant inflows to Europe.
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  • 45
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 185
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper (DELSA/ELSA/MI(2015)2) was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015. This paper presents an overview and analysis of the policy development at the EU level regarding external labour migration (ELM). It reviews the shift in ELM policy at the EU level by examining documents and debates. It looks at the treatment of ELM, setting out from the Amsterdam Treaty and then follows the development up to the present, paying close attention to the evolving rational for increasing ELM. The difference between the horizontal approach and the sectoral approach is explained. The major ELM Directives under the sectoral approach are presented and discussed in terms of how they were negotiated and how they fit into the overall ELM policy strategy. The document concludes by identifying current political challenges for expanding the EU approach beyond its present form.
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  • 46
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 96
    Schlagwort(e): Klimawandel ; Dürre ; Landwirtschaft ; Wasserpolitik ; Colorado (USA, Fluss) ; Kalifornien ; USA (Südweststaaten) ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses trends in agriculture for the US Southwest region, one of the most water stressed and productive agricultural regions in the world expected to face further water shortages in the future due to climate change and continued growth. It examines projected water risks by mid-century without additional policy action, and discusses the expected implications for the agriculture sector, based on a review of existing data and available publications. The region will likely continue to be a major agricultural producer by mid-century but will be affected by more variable and uncertain water supplies and increased water demand. Irrigated area is likely to decline, with lower value, water-intensive field and forage crops experiencing the greatest losses. Livestock and dairy are also especially vulnerable to water shortages and climate change. Trade and employment may be affected, although projections remain uncertain. Policy options can help mitigate these projected water risks, such as agricultural and urban water efficiency improvements, refined groundwater management, investment in water banks and recycled wastewater systems, and well-defined water transfers.
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'articulation entre productivité et inclusivité : Version préliminaire
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: The Productivity-Inclusiveness Nexus proposes a new approach to boost productivity growth while, at the same time, reducing inequalities of income and opportunities. The report begins by examining the trend slowdown of productivity growth, which has been observed in many OECD countries over recent years, and the longer-standing rise - and persistence - of inequalities of income, wealth, well-being and opportunities. It then gathers the most recent empirical evidence on some of the common foundations behind these trends and considers possible linkages. The analysis aims to shed light on policy insights to address both issues together, creating room for synergies and win-win policies.
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  • 48
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Water risk hotspots for agriculture: The case of the southwest United States
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport analyse des projections de l’agriculture dans le Sud-Ouest des États-Unis, l’une des zones agricoles les plus arides et productives au monde, sujette à une aggravation future des risques liés à l’eau, due aux changements climatiques et une croissance économique et démographique continue. Il étudie les projections des risques liés à l’eau d’ici le milieu du siècle en l’absence de nouvelles politiques publiques et examine les conséquences attendues pour le secteur agricole, à partir des données existantes et des publications disponibles. Il est probable que la région reste une grande zone de production agricole d’ici à la moitié du siècle, mais elle ressentira les effets de disponibilités d’eau plus variables et incertaines et d’une demande en augmentation. La superficie totale irriguée devrait diminuer, au détriment principalement des cultures fourragères et de plein champ de plus faible valeur et plus gourmandes en eau. L’élevage et la production laitière sont aussi particulièrement vulnérables au manque d’eau et au changement climatique. Des conséquences sont aussi à attendre pour les échanges et l’emploi, même si les projections à ce sujet demeurent incertaines. Plusieurs démarches peuvent contribuer à réduire les risques de pénurie d’eau, dont l’utilisation plus efficiente de l’eau en agriculture et dans les villes, une meilleure gestion des ressources en eau souterraines, l’investissement dans les banques d’eau et dans le recyclage des eaux usées, ainsi que les transferts d’eau bien définis.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Serie: Education Indicators in Focus no.44
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diplômés de l’enseignement tertiaires : Niveau de formation et débouchés professionnels
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment
    Kurzfassung: Among 25-34 year-olds with a tertiary degree, the proportion of those who obtained at least a master’s or equivalent degree varies from 4% in Chile to 79% in the Slovak Republic. Tertiary attainment also varies across generations: while 49% of tertiary-educated 25-34 year-olds have a bachelor’s or equivalent degree as their highest educational attainment, this falls to 39% among 55-64 year-olds. Employment prospects tend to improve with tertiary attainment levels: the average employment rate of 25-34 year-olds with a doctorate is 88%, for those with a master’s or equivalent degree it is 84% and for those with at most a short-cycle or a bachelor’s degree it is around 80%. In some countries, however, increased tertiary attainment is not associated with improved employment prospects among 25-34 year-olds, except for doctorate holders. In other countries, short-cycle tertiary graduates are more likely to be employed than those with a bachelor’s degree.
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe An intern's world?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Economics
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Economics
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Governance ; Economics
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Governance ; Economics ; Ireland
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264252677
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (152 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: Ireland has made considerable progress in rebounding from the crisis, but, like other OECD countries, continues to grapple with how to address lingering socio-economic impacts and ensure inclusive growth growing forward. Multi-faceted interventions, targeting disadvantaged populations and the places they live, can lead to more effective and inclusive policies. Ignoring the relationship between people and place will, in contrast, lead to further entrenched disadvantage. This report looks at some of the ways in which Ireland can build on an already comprehensive series of reforms to better weave together current policies and practices
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264253476
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Back to Work
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Back to work: Australia
    Schlagwort(e): Kündigung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Australien ; Employment ; Australia ; Australien ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Kurzfassung: Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over their lifetime. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less and have fewer benefits than in their prior jobs. Helping them get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is the fourth in a series of reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that many displaced workers get new jobs relatively quickly in Australia, mostly thanks to a flexible and dynamic labour market. A small minority of displaced workers receive special support via the labour adjustment programmes, but some displaced workers who would need specific assistance, in particular in the older worker and/or low-educated groups, do not get sufficient support or only too late. There is room to improve policies by moving away from the current sectoral approach to special assistance programmes for workers collectively dismissed, towards an approach covering all sectors of the economy, with the intensity of intervention tailored to the circumstances and needs of the displaced workers. Expanding the training component for displaced workers and making use of skills assessment and training to better target the training and enhance its effectiveness would also help displaced workers transition to sustainable jobs of a certain quality.
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264265349
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Connecting People with Jobs
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Connecting people with jobs
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Slowenien ; Employment ; Slovenia ; Bericht ; Slowenien ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Kurzfassung: Giving people better opportunities to participate actively in the labour market improves well-being. It also helps countries to cope with rapid population ageing by mobilising more fully each country’s potential labour resources. However, weak labour market attachment of some groups in society reflects a range of barriers to working or moving up the jobs ladder. This report on Slovenia is the second country study published in a series of reports looking into how activation policies can encourage greater labour market participation of all groups in society with a special focus on the most disadvantaged. Labour market and activation policies are well developed in Slovenia. However, the global financial crisis hit Slovenia hard and revealed some structural weaknesses in the system, which have contributed to a high level of long-term unemployment and low employment rates for some groups. This report on Slovenia therefore focuses on activation policies to improve labour market outcomes for four groups: long-term unemployed people; low-skilled workers; older workers; and workers who were made or are at risk of becoming displaced. There is room to improve policies through promoting longer working lives and through enabling the Employment Service and related institutions to help more harder-to-place jobseekers back into employment.
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264267176 , 9789264263963
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Job Creation and Local Economic Development 2016
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Cette seconde édition de la publication phare du Programme LEED, Création d’emplois et développement économique local, explore les moyens par lesquels les acteurs nationaux et locaux peuvent mieux travailler ensemble pour soutenir le développement économique et la création d’emplois au niveau local. Elle apporte un éclairage sur toute une série d’enjeux, allant de l’adaptation du développement des compétences aux besoins des territoires, à l’implication des employeurs dans les systèmes d’apprentissage et à la mise en œuvre efficace des politiques en faveur des PME et de l’entrepreneuriat. Cette publication présente des comparaisons internationales permettant aux territoires de mieux appréhender leur positionnement face aux défis liés à l’emploi et aux compétences. Dans cette version française abrégée, les profils de pays de la Belgique, du Canada, de la France, et de la Suisse sont présentés. Ces derniers comprennent, entre autre, des nouvelles données sur l'offre et la demande des compétences au niveau régional ou infrarégional.
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  • 58
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD statistics working papers 2016, 04
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitslosigkeit ; Befristete Beschäftigung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Sozialer Indikator ; Zufriedenheit ; Lebensgemeinschaft ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Economics ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the extent to which unemployment and temporary work – two forms of labour market insecurity – affect different aspects of subjective well-being (i.e. life satisfaction, psychological well-being and satisfaction with partnership) among legally married and cohabiting couples in the United Kingdom. Drawing on matched data for couples from the British Household Panel Study, the paper shows that both forms of labour market insecurity, when experienced by the male partner, lower significantly the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of the female partner; women’s temporary work also slightly lowers men’s psychological well-being. The impact of spousal labour market insecurity depends, however, on the employment status of the individual: after controlling for financial strain, psychological well-being and life-satisfaction of both partners in a couple are hampered the most when men are economically dependent on their female partners. In the case of partnership satisfaction, results differ from the other two subjective well-being outcomes: while unemployment of the female partner is associated with higher satisfaction for men, partnership satisfaction is particularly low when both partners experience either form of labour market insecurity. These effects are robust after controlling for fixed individual characteristics that can influence both employment status and well-being outcomes.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 59
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1291
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarkt ; Friktionelle Arbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Italien ; Employment ; Economics ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Italy’s low employment rate is associated with adverse labour market dynamics characterised differently across different categories of people. Both job separation and re-employment have remained less frequent in Italy, especially among older workers, against the backdrop of rigid employment protection legislation which weighs down job creation, thus re-employment prospects. Working conditions after re-employment tend to worsen, especially for older workers, as seniority is not entirely portable across firms. Prospects on working conditions after re-employment deteriorate with longer unemployment spells, affecting incentives to return to work, especially where social benefits are too generous. Rigid employment protection for incumbent workers has also come at the cost of more frequent labour turnover for temporary workers who face an increasing risk of unemployment, including the more highly educated. The risk of hysteresis effects is significant in particular for those who separated from temporary jobs. The public employment service has to take account of individual cases, adopting intensive programmes such as training where necessary, while in general personalised job search assistance to get jobseekers back to work at early stages is recommended.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 60
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1294
    Schlagwort(e): Produktionspotenzial ; Produktionsfunktion ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Finanzkrise ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Estimates of the output gap ought to be a useful guide for macroeconomic policy, both for assessing inflationary pressures and fiscal sustainability, but their reliability has been called into question by the large revisions which they are often subject to, particularly around turning points. Revisions to OECD published estimates of the output gap around the period of the financial crisis have been exceptionally large, with by far the largest contribution to these revisions coming from the labour-efficiency gap. The current paper investigates a modification to the standard OECD production function method for deriving potential output, which involves an additional cyclical adjustment in the derivation of trend labour efficiency. The additional adjustment helps to reduce the occurrence of large end-point revisions and of sign switches between the initial and final estimates of the labour-efficiency gap. The variables which are most often found to be useful in providing this cyclical adjustment of labour efficiency are manufacturing capacity utilisation and the investment share. However, for a few countries additional variables – house prices and credit – have been used to provide the cyclical adjustment, although this raises an issue as to whether the cyclical adjustment should be limited to a core set of variables to ensure the method remains reasonably homogenous across countries. Recent improvements to the specification of the Phillips curve, which imply a tighter fit between the unemployment gap and inflation, should also reduce end-point revisions to the unemployment gap in future.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 180
    Schlagwort(e): Migrationspolitik ; Fachkräfte ; Freizügigkeit ; Arbeitsmigranten ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD’s Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on “Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe”. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895). This paper is a revised version of an earlier paper (DELSA/ELSA/MI(2015)3) presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015. The paper examines the mechanisms for labour migration management across individual European countries. Distinguishing between high- and low-skilled workers, it investigates the policies aiming at attracting and retaining qualified migrants. It finds that in EU countries there are several different forms of barriers to labour migration, each of which is affected differently by EU legislation. It then specifically focuses on the Student, Researchers and EU Blue Card Directives, studying their effects on the real policy framework in the EU countries affected, in terms of approach. It finds that the first two directives have had a modest impact on the legislative framework, which was largely aligned with the Directive prior to transposition in many cases. The Blue Card scheme is compared in detail with national schemes, in terms of the key parameters of the Directive (criteria, processing standards, benefits, etc.). The paper examines the use of a salary threshold and its different effect according to the country in which it is applied. The paper concludes by examining the impact of these directives on recruitment opportunities, attractiveness and levelling the playing field among EU countries. It explores some options for adjusting the policies in the future.
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  • 62
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.170
    Schlagwort(e): Employment
    Kurzfassung: According to the World Health Organization, depression is the highest ranking cause of disease in middle- and high income countries; it costs Europe around EUR 118 billion a year, mostly through lost productivity on the labour market, i.e. labour supply loss, sickness absence, and poor performance at the workplace. Using data from waves 1, 2 and 4 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this paper seeks to assess the magnitude of the impact of depression on labour market outcomes of older workers, a population sub-group whose participation in the labour market is ever more crucial in view of rapid population ageing. For each of the studied outcomes, analyses show a substantial impact of depression, measured with the European Depression Scale. Using different methods to address endogeneity this paper finds that depression decreases the probability of being employed by 22 to 51 percentage points among the 50 to 64 year old age group. Older workers with the most symptoms are more than twice as likely as others to exit employment before retirement age. Finally, depression increases annual sickness absence duration by 7.2 days on average. These figures show the necessity for national and firm-level employment policies and programmes targeting the 50 and over population to include prevention of depression, increased awareness of depression and adequate medical support.
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment ; Economics
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  • 64
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 189
    Schlagwort(e): Automatisierung ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, there has been a revival of concerns that automation and digitalisation might after all result in a jobless future. The debate has been fuelled by studies for the US and Europe arguing that a substantial share of jobs is at “risk of computerisation”. These studies follow an occupation-based approach proposed by Frey and Osborne (2013), i.e. they assume that whole occupations rather than single job-tasks are automated by technology. As we argue, this might lead to an overestimation of job automatibility, as occupations labelled as high-risk occupations often still contain a substantial share of tasks that are hard to automate. Our paper serves two purposes. Firstly, we estimate the job automatibility of jobs for 21 OECD countries based on a task-based approach. In contrast to other studies, we take into account the heterogeneity of workers’ tasks within occupations. Overall, we find that, on average across the 21 OECD countries, 9 % of jobs are automatable. The threat from technological advances thus seems much less pronounced compared to the occupation-based approach. We further find heterogeneities across OECD countries. For instance, while the share of automatable jobs is 6 % in Korea, the corresponding share is 12 % in Austria. Differences between countries may reflect general differences in workplace organisation, differences in previous investments into automation technologies as well as differences in the education of workers across countries.
    Anmerkung: Gesehen am 11.12.2023 , Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264260849
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Productivity-Inclusiveness Nexus; Preliminary version
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport propose une nouvelle approche intégrée pour promouvoir la productivité et réduire les inégalités. Il présente les études empiriques les plus récentes sur les principaux facteurs qui expliquent le ralentissement des gains de productivité et la hausse ou la persistance des inégalités mais aussi discute des liens possibles entre ces deux tendances et de leurs éventuels fondements communs.
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264267503
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Back to Work
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Back to work
    Schlagwort(e): Kündigung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Dänemark ; Employment ; Denmark ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Wiedereinstellung
    Kurzfassung: Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over the course of their working lives. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less than in the jobs they held prior to displacement. Helping displaced workers get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is the sixth in a series of reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that Denmark has effective policies in place to quickly assist people who are losing their jobs, in terms of both providing good re-employment support and securing adequate income in periods of unemployment. Despite a positive institutional framework, a sound collaboration between social partners and a favourable policy set-up, there is room to improve policies targeted to displaced workers as not every worker in Denmark can benefit from the same amount of support. In particular, workers affected by collective dismissals in larger firms receive faster and better support than those in small firms or involved in small or individual dismissals. Blue-collar workers are also treated less favourably than white-collar workers. More generally, low-skilled and older displaced workers struggle most to re-enter the labour market.
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264252073
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: Getting Skills Right
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Desarrollando las habilidades correctas: Evaluar y anticiparse a los cambios en las necesidades
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right: assessing and anticipating changing skill needs
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Bericht ; OECD ; Berufsausbildung ; Bildungspolitik
    Kurzfassung: Digitalisation, globalisation, demographic shifts and other changes in work organisation are constantly reshaping skill needs. This can lead to persistent skill shortages and mismatch which are costly for individuals, firms and society in terms of lost wages and lower productivity and growth. These costs can be reduced through better assessment and anticipation of changing skill needs and by improving the responsiveness of skills development to these changes. This report identifies effective strategies for improving labour market information on skill needs and ensuring that this information is used effectively to develop the right skills. It provides a comparative assessment of practices across 29 countries in the following areas: i) the collection of information on existing and future skill needs; ii) the use of this information to guide skill development policies in the areas of labour, education and migration; and iii) governance arrangements to ensure good co-ordination among the key stakeholders in the collection and use of skill needs information.
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264247611
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lithuania
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Litauen ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Lithuania ; Litauen ; Jugendpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Junger Arbeitnehmer
    Kurzfassung: The present report on Lithuania is the fourth of a new series on "Investing in Youth" which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of the youth labour market and VET system in Lithuania from an international comparative perspective, and offers tailored recommendations to help improve school-to-work transitions. It also provides an opportunity for Lithuania to learn from the innovative measures that other countries have taken to strengthen the skills of youth and their employment outcomes, notably through the implementation of a Youth Guarantee.
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264257498
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Bildungsinvestition ; Jugend
    Kurzfassung: The present report on Australia is part of the series on "Investing in Youth", which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the area of education, training, social and employment policies. Its main focus is on disengaged or at-risk of disengaged youth.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264264717
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Serie: Back to Work
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Back to work
    Schlagwort(e): Kündigung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Employment ; Finland ; Finnland ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Wiedereinstellung
    Kurzfassung: Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over their lifetime. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less and have fewer benefits than in their prior jobs. Helping them get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is part of a series of nine reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that Finland has a higher rate of job displacement than most OECD countries but that most of these workers find a new job again relatively quickly. However, those who do not face a considerable risk of long-term unemployment; with older displaced workers and those with a low level of education facing the highest risk. While labour market institutions in Finland serve most displaced jobseekers well, there is room to improve policies for those at risk of long-term unemployment or inactivity who would benefit from earlier identification of their problems and early, effective and well-targeted counselling and intervention.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264239517
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Health workforce policies in OECD countries
    Schlagwort(e): Gesundheitsberufe ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Gesundheitspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Heilberuf ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Kurzfassung: Health workers are the cornerstone of health systems, playing a central role in providing health services to the population and improving health outcomes. The demand and supply of health workers have increased over time in all OECD countries, with jobs in the health and social sector accounting for more than 10% of total employment now in several OECD countries. This publication reviews key trends and policy priorities on health workforce across OECD countries, with a particular focus on doctors and nurses given the preeminent role that they have traditionally played in health service delivery.
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300293
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Serie: OECD skills strategy diagnostic report
    Serie: OECD Skills Studies
    Schlagwort(e): Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Peru ; Education ; Employment ; Peru ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Skills are central to Peru’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. Peru's economic development to date has largely been driven by abundant natural resources and high commodity prices in the global market. The goal for the future is to ensure productive diversification, expand export capacity and take part in global value chains with more complex goods and services. Boosting the development, activation and use of skills will be key to achieving these ambitions. As demonstrated by the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), which Peru is currently deploying, higher skills levels are not only associated with higher productivity and earnings, but also with other important outcomes, such as better health, higher levels of trust and greater propensity to contribute to society through volunteering. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Peru sets out nine skills challenges for Peru. These challenges were identified through two interactive workshops with stakeholders as well as through analysis of the OECD and other data sources. The first six challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The next three challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions that strengthen the overall skills system.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264267701
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Serie: Investing in Youth
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Schlagwort(e): Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Schweden ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Bildungsinvestition ; Jugend
    Kurzfassung: This report is part of the series on "Investing in Youth" which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the area of education, training, social and employment policies. Its main focus is on disadvantaged youth including those at risk of disengaging.
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264250505
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of labour market and social policies
    Schlagwort(e): Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitskräftepotenzial ; Soziale Lage ; Lettland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia ; Lettland ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Sozialpolitik
    Kurzfassung: Latvia has undergone major economic and social change since the early 1990s. Despite an exceptionally deep recession following the global financial crisis, impressive economic growth over the past two decades has narrowed income and productivity gaps relative to comparator countries in the OECD. But Latvians report low degrees of life satisfaction, very large numbers of Latvians have left the country, and growth has not been inclusive. A volatile economy and very large income disparities create pressing needs for more effective social and labour-market policies. The government’s reform programme rightly acknowledges inequality as a key challenge. However, without sustained policy efforts and adequate resources, there is a risk that productivity and income growth could remain below potential and social cohesion could be further weakened by high or rising inequality.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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