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  • Online-Ressource  (45)
  • 1985-1989  (45)
  • 1985  (45)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (45)
Datenlieferant
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  • Online-Ressource  (45)
Sprache
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1985-1989  (45)
Jahr
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Verlag/Herausgeber
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Population Change and the Economy (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949805
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (276 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.6011
    Schlagwort(e): Population-Economic aspects-Econometric models ; Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    GBV
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Reactor Dosimetry : Dosimetry Methods for Fuels, Cladding and Structural Materials (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401097260
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 515 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Adolescents : Theoretical and Helping Perspectives (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949843
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (272 pages)
    Serie: International Series in Social Welfare Ser. v.7
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.2/35
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Later Life Transitions : Older Males in Rural America (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949782
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (196 pages)
    Serie: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Studies v.5
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.2/6/0973
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    GBV
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Seed Ecology (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948440
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 151 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 580
    Schlagwort(e): Life sciences ; Plant Ecology ; Botany
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4844-0
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Gene Manipulation and Expression (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401165655
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: One: Rearrangement of Prokaryotic Genetic Material and DNA Cloning Vectors -- 1 Genomic Structure and Evolution of Bacillus licheniformis ? and LP52 Phage Family -- 2 Expression of the Synthetic Proenkephalin Gene in E. coli -- 3 Cloning and Expression of Bacillus?-Glucanase Genes -- 4 Regulation of ?-Amylase Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis -- 5 New Variations on an Old Theme: Type I Restriction Enzymes and Their Recognition Sequences -- 6 The EcoDXX1 Restriction and Modification System of Escherichia coli ET7 -- 7 Biological Function of Type I Restriction Enzymes -- 8 The Fosfomycin Resistance Transposon Tn2921 -- 9 Transposition-like Events Mediated by Single-ended Derivatives of Transposon Tn21 -- 10 Cloning and Expression of Determinants Encoding Toxigenicity in Enterobacteria -- 11 Extrachromosomal Replicons in Streptomyces lavendulaegrasserius -- Two: DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase in Prokaryotes: Structure and Function, Promoter Selection -- 1 Genetic Dissection of E. coli RNA Polymerase -- 2 Non-essential Sequences in the ? Subunit of E. coli RNA Polymerase -- 3 Sequence Analysis of the ? Gene of E. coli RNA Polymerase: Correlation with Structure-Function Studies -- 4 DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase from Streptomyces granaticolor -- 5 Transcriptional and Translational Signals in Phages PZA and ø29 -- 6 Host-Vector System with the PR’ Promoter of Phage Lambda -- 7 On the Difficulties of Defining and Measuring Promoter Strength1 The Case of the Promoters of Bacterial rRNA Genes -- Three: The Role of cAMP in Gene Expression -- 1 Cyclic AMP in Bacteria: Catabolite Repression and Related Effects -- 2 DNA Sequences Involved in Expression and Regulation of deoR-, cytR- and cAMP/CRP-Controlled Genes in Escherichia coli -- 3 Differential Cellular Distribution of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase during Development of Dictyostelium discoideum -- 4 Amplification of the Adenylate Cyclase Gene in Escherichia coli K12 -- 5 Factors Regulating the Activity of Escherichia coli Adenylate Cyclase -- 6 Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by the Bacterial PEP:Sugar Phosphotransferase System -- 7 ATP-Dependent HPr Kinase Involved in Regulation of Carbohydrate Uptake in Gram-positive Bacteria: Inducer Exclusion and Inducer Expulsion -- 8 Regulation of cAMP Synthesis in Streptomyces granaticolor -- 9 Differences in Regulation of a Bacillus megaterium Metalloproteinase during Growth and Sporulation -- Four: Translational Control of Gene Expression -- 1 Ribosomal Protein Sl: “The Messenger RNA-Catching Arm” of Escherichia coli Ribosome -- 2 Initiation of Translation of Genetic Information in Streptomyces aureofaciens -- 3 Bacilli as Hosts for Protein Production -- 4 Structure and Expression of a Chloramphenicol Resistance Gene, cat-86, Cloned from Bacillus pumilus -- 5 An Approach to Controlled Removal of the 3? End of Ribosomal 16S RNA -- 6 Three Ribosomal tRNA-Binding Sites Involved in the Elongation Process -- 7 Structure, Function and Evolution of the 3? Ends of Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA -- 8 Amino Acid Residues In Elongation Factor Tu from Escherichia coli Near the Binding Site for the 3? Terminus of Aminoacyl-tRNA -- 9 Structural and Functional Alterations of Protein-Synthesis Elongation Factor Tu Purified from Streptomyces aureofaciens in an Aggregated State -- 10 Excessive Translational Accuracy Can Inhibit Growth -- 11 Particulate Protein-Synthesis Factors Associated with Translatable mRNA in Mammalian Cells.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6565-5
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Combustion (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948525
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Historical background -- 1.1 Early hypotheses -- 1.2 Studies of hydrocarbon combustion, 1930s to mid-1950s -- 1.3 Summary and conclusions -- 1.4 References -- 2 Analytical—phenomenological studies of overall hydrocarbon combustion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Alkanes -- 2.3 Alkenes -- 2.4 Cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 2.5 References -- 3 Study of elementary reactions involved in hydrocarbon combustion -- 3.1 Conventional indirect methods -- 3.2 Specialized indirect techniques -- 3.3 Direct methods involving production and monitoring of specific atoms or radicals -- 3.4 References -- 4 Some elementary species (other than those containing carbon) involved in combustion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Hydroxyl (OH) radicals -- 4.3 Hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals -- 4.4 Oxygen (O) atoms -- 4.5 Hydrogen (H) atoms -- 4.6 References -- 5 Elementary carbon-containing species in combustion -- 5.1 Alkyl radicals -- 5.2 Alkylperoxy radicals -- 5.3 Alkoxy radicals -- 5.4 Acyl and acylperoxy radicals -- 5.5 Other hydrocarbon radicals -- 5.6 References -- 6 Pyrolytic reactions of hydrocarbons -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pyrolysis of alkanes -- 6.3 Pyrolysis of alkenes and dialkenes -- 6.4 Pyrolysis of alkynes -- 6.5 Pyrolysis of cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 6.6 Coke and carbon formation -- 6.7 References -- 7 Prediction of the behaviour of combustion systems: modelling -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stoichiometric/semikinetic models -- 7.3 Models based on detailed mechanisms -- 7.4 References.
    Kurzfassung: The scientific and economic importance of the high-temperature reactions of hydrocarbons in both the presence and absence of oxygen cannot be overemphasized. A vast chemical industry exists based on feedstocks produced by the controlled pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, while uncontrolled combustion in air is still among the most important sources of heat and mechanical energy. The detonation and explosion of hydrocarbon-oxidant mixtures can however, be a highly dangerous phenomenon which destroys lives and equipment. In order that control can be exerted over combustion processes, a complete description of hydrocarbon oxidation and pyrolysis is required. A major contribution to this is an understanding of the unstable intermediates involved and their reactions. The aim of this book is to review our knowledge of the chemistry of hydrocarbon combustion and to consider the data which are available for relevant reactions. Chapter 1 describes early studies in which the apparent complexity of the chemistry was established and the type of information required for a better understanding was defined. Experimental studies of the overall process which were carried out with the aim of establishing the sequence of stable chemical intermediates and some of the unstable species are described in Chapter 2. The limited nature of the information thus obtained showed that independent studies of individual reactions involving the unstable species were required. In Chapter 3 investigations specifically aimed at the determination of the kinetics of elementary reactions are discussed.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Historical background1.1 Early hypotheses -- 1.2 Studies of hydrocarbon combustion, 1930s to mid-1950s -- 1.3 Summary and conclusions -- 1.4 References -- 2 Analytical-phenomenological studies of overall hydrocarbon combustion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Alkanes -- 2.3 Alkenes -- 2.4 Cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 2.5 References -- 3 Study of elementary reactions involved in hydrocarbon combustion -- 3.1 Conventional indirect methods -- 3.2 Specialized indirect techniques -- 3.3 Direct methods involving production and monitoring of specific atoms or radicals -- 3.4 References -- 4 Some elementary species (other than those containing carbon) involved in combustion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Hydroxyl (OH) radicals -- 4.3 Hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals -- 4.4 Oxygen (O) atoms -- 4.5 Hydrogen (H) atoms -- 4.6 References -- 5 Elementary carbon-containing species in combustion -- 5.1 Alkyl radicals -- 5.2 Alkylperoxy radicals -- 5.3 Alkoxy radicals -- 5.4 Acyl and acylperoxy radicals -- 5.5 Other hydrocarbon radicals -- 5.6 References -- 6 Pyrolytic reactions of hydrocarbons -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pyrolysis of alkanes -- 6.3 Pyrolysis of alkenes and dialkenes -- 6.4 Pyrolysis of alkynes -- 6.5 Pyrolysis of cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 6.6 Coke and carbon formation -- 6.7 References -- 7 Prediction of the behaviour of combustion systems: modelling -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stoichiometric/semikinetic models -- 7.3 Models based on detailed mechanisms -- 7.4 References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4852-5
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Phenomenology and the Human Sciences (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400950818
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 236 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Kurzfassung: The Concept of Crisis and the Unity of Husserl’s position -- Towards a Computational Phenomenology (1) -- Habitual Body and Memory in Merleau-Ponty -- Merleau-Ponty: The Triumph of Dialectics over Structuralism -- The Hermeneutics of Suspicion -- Boeckh and Dilthey: The Development of Methodical Hermeneutics -- The Limits of Logocentrism (On the Way to Grammatology) -- Legislation-Transgression: Strategies and Counter-Strategies in the Transcendental Justification of Norms -- Nietzschean Aphorism as Art and Act -- Why Politik? Philosophia? -- Hope and Its Ramifications for Politics.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Concept of Crisis and the Unity of Husserl’s positionTowards a Computational Phenomenology (1) -- Habitual Body and Memory in Merleau-Ponty -- Merleau-Ponty: The Triumph of Dialectics over Structuralism -- The Hermeneutics of Suspicion -- Boeckh and Dilthey: The Development of Methodical Hermeneutics -- The Limits of Logocentrism (On the Way to Grammatology) -- Legislation-Transgression: Strategies and Counter-Strategies in the Transcendental Justification of Norms -- Nietzschean Aphorism as Art and Act -- Why Politik? Philosophia? -- Hope and Its Ramifications for Politics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5081-8
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Moritz Schlick (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400954427
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (156p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s Thought -- Problems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
    Kurzfassung: The idea for this issue arose during a gathering of scholars to com­ memorate the hundredth anniversary of Moritz Schlick (1882-1936), the philosopher from Germany whose influence gave Austria its most characteristic philosophical voice between the two world wars. He was cut off, tragically, in his prime and while he escaped the exile that awaited most of those who thought like him, he was unable (sadly for philosophy) to continue to steer their thoughts in his own direction and he even lost some of the credit for work already done. Thus it seemed to some of his former pupils and to others more remote from him in the tra­ dition that a small collection of papers throwing light on his especial con­ tribution and on the extent to which it is still active or still needed today was a requirement of justice no less than of piety. Tscha Hung, a mem­ ber of the Vienna Circle and since director of the Institute for Western Philosophy at Peking University, was the chief mover here. Also among the contributors, Ludovico Geymonat (Professor at Milan) was a visitor to the Circle and a friend of Schlick. Henrich Melzer and Joseph Schlichter were Viennese pupils of Schlick's. The former died in the war of 1939-45, the latter is still prominent in the cultural and educational life of Israel.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Development and Continuity in Schlick’s ThoughtProblems of Knowledge in Moritz Schlick -- Remarks on Affirmations (Konstatierungen) -- Moritz Schlick on Self-Evidence -- Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics -- Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle -- On Physicalism -- The Vienna Circle Archive and the Literary Remains of Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath -- Schlick before Wittgenstein -- On the Concept of Unity of Consciousness.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5442-7
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Recent Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949348
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I: Synthesis, Structure, Properties Relationships -- 1. Synthetic Routes to Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 2. Chiral Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 3. Solid State Physics of Thermotropic Polyesters: Internal Friction of Mesomorphic Structures -- 4. Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Aromatic Copolyesters Containing Cycloaliphatic Units -- 5. Polymerization of Allyldimethyldodecylammonium Bromide Liquid Crystalline Monomer to Its Liquid Crystalline Polymer -- II: Theory -- 6. Theoretical Basis for Liquid Crystallinity in Polymers -- 7. Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed from Flexible Molecules: a Molecular Field Theory -- 8. Order and Odd-Even Effects in Thermotropic Nematic Polyesters -- III: Characterization -- 9. Structure and Characterization of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 10. Observations on the Rheology of Thermotropic Polymer Liquid Crystals -- 11. Rheo-Optical Studies of the Thermotropic Aromatic Copolyesters of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and p-Acetoxybenzoic Acid -- 12. Electron Microscopy of Thermotropic Copolyesters -- 13. Nuclear Spin-Label Studies of Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 14. Viscosity and the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Mesogenic Side Groups -- 15. Measurement of Orientational Order in Liquid Crystalline Samples by NMR Spectroscopy -- 16. Phase Behaviour of Dye-Containing Liquid Crystalline Copolymers and Their Mixtures with Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals -- 17. Dielectric Relaxation Measurements and X-ray Investigations of Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 18. Structural Investigations on Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 19. Macromolecular Order and Conformation in the Solid and Nematic Phases of Semi-Rigid Polymers and Polymer-Monomer Mixtures—NMR Study -- IV: Applications -- 20. Aramids—Bridging the Gap between Ductile and Brittle Reinforcing Fibres -- 21. Towards a Photoconductive Liquid Crystal: Carbazole-Containing Systems -- 22. Electro-Optic Effects in a Smectogenic Polysiloxane Side-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymer.
    Kurzfassung: This volume contains an eclectic collection of 22 papers on liquid crystalline polymers presented at the Sixth Polymer Workshop, in the series sponsored by the European Science Foundation, entitled: 'Liquid Crystal Polymer Systems', in Gentofte, Denmark, 12-14 September 1983. Since a contribution to this volume was strictly voluntary, and in some cases represents a considerably expanded version of that which was presented, it is strictly speaking not correct to term this a 'proceedings'. A description of the aims and purposes of the European Science Foundation with respect to the polymer area has been presented in: Shell Polymers, Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 34-35, 1981. The papers given here represent a cross-section of current research interests in liquid crystalline polymers in the areas of theory, synthesis, characterization, structure-property relationships and applications. At least some of the current interest is motivated by attempts to practically exploit the novel properties of these materials in the developing tech­ nologies of high strength fibres and advanced materials for constructional purposes, but also for functional materials in the areas of information retrieval, electronics and opto-electronics applications. The editor wishes to thank all those involved for their courtesy and co-operation.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I: Synthesis, Structure, Properties Relationships1. Synthetic Routes to Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 2. Chiral Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 3. Solid State Physics of Thermotropic Polyesters: Internal Friction of Mesomorphic Structures -- 4. Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Aromatic Copolyesters Containing Cycloaliphatic Units -- 5. Polymerization of Allyldimethyldodecylammonium Bromide Liquid Crystalline Monomer to Its Liquid Crystalline Polymer -- II: Theory -- 6. Theoretical Basis for Liquid Crystallinity in Polymers -- 7. Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed from Flexible Molecules: a Molecular Field Theory -- 8. Order and Odd-Even Effects in Thermotropic Nematic Polyesters -- III: Characterization -- 9. Structure and Characterization of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 10. Observations on the Rheology of Thermotropic Polymer Liquid Crystals -- 11. Rheo-Optical Studies of the Thermotropic Aromatic Copolyesters of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and p-Acetoxybenzoic Acid -- 12. Electron Microscopy of Thermotropic Copolyesters -- 13. Nuclear Spin-Label Studies of Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 14. Viscosity and the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Mesogenic Side Groups -- 15. Measurement of Orientational Order in Liquid Crystalline Samples by NMR Spectroscopy -- 16. Phase Behaviour of Dye-Containing Liquid Crystalline Copolymers and Their Mixtures with Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals -- 17. Dielectric Relaxation Measurements and X-ray Investigations of Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 18. Structural Investigations on Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 19. Macromolecular Order and Conformation in the Solid and Nematic Phases of Semi-Rigid Polymers and Polymer-Monomer Mixtures-NMR Study -- IV: Applications -- 20. Aramids-Bridging the Gap between Ductile and Brittle Reinforcing Fibres -- 21. Towards a Photoconductive Liquid Crystal: Carbazole-Containing Systems -- 22. Electro-Optic Effects in a Smectogenic Polysiloxane Side-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymer.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4934-8
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  • 11
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    Handbook of Printed Circuit Manufacturing (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170123
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 620 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: Section 1. Design and Manufacture of Printed Circuits -- 1. How Printed Circuit Boards Are Manufactured: Processes and Materials -- 2. Computer Aided Design and Design Automation -- 3. Digital Printed Circuit Design -- Section 2. Planning, Document Control, and Quality -- 4. Definitions -- 5. Planning -- 6. Quality Assurance Program -- 7. Quality Assurance Manual -- Section 3. Imaging and Artwork -- 8. Artwork Processing -- 9. Artwork Registration Systems for Dry Film Imaging -- 10. Dry Film Imaging -- 11. Screen Printing -- Section 4. N/C Processing -- 12. Numerical Controlled Drilling and Routing -- 12A. Drilling Procedures -- Section 5. Plating and Other Wet Processes -- 13. Metal Thickness Determination -- 14. Amperage Determination -- 15. The Electroless Copper Process 300 Detecting Problems -- 16. Pattern Plating: Copper, Tin-Lead, and Other Metals -- 17. Contact Finger Plating -- 18. Resist Stripping -- 19. Etching -- 20. Tin-Lead Fusing -- Section 6. Multilayer Printed Circuits -- 21. Multilayer Processing -- 22. Etchback and Smear Removal -- Section 7. Process Control -- 23. The Laboratory -- Section 8. The Marketing Program -- 24. Sales Tools -- 25. What Sales People Should Know About Printed Circuits -- Appendix A: Yield Tracking: A Tool for Productivity -- Appendix B: CAD: Swift, Precise, Infinitely Repeatable, but Never Creative -- Appendix C: Soldermask Over Bare Copper: Alternatives and Manufacturing Techniques -- Appendix D: Control and Operation of Printed Circuit Plating Baths with the Hull Cell -- Appendix E: Troubleshooting the IR Fusing Process -- Appendix F: Preserving Solderability with Solder Coatings -- Appendix G: Screen Printing Is the Answer -- Appendix H: Forecasting Waste Treatment Requirements -- Appendix I: Wave Soldering of Discrete Chip Components.
    Kurzfassung: Of all the components that go into electronic equipment, the printed circuit probably requires more manufacturing operations-each of which must be per­ formed by a skilled person-than any other. As a shift supervisor early in my printed circuit career, I had to hire and train personnel for all job functions. The amount of responsibility delegated to my subordinates depended strictly on how well I had been able to train them. Training people can be a trying experience and is always a time-consuming one. It behooved me to help my workers obtain the highest degree of job under­ standing and skill that they and I were capable of. One hindrance to effective teaching is poor continuity of thought, for example, having to say to a trainee, "Wait a minute; forget what I just told you. We have to go back and do some­ thing else first. " It was in trying to avoid pitfalls such as this that I undertook a detailed examination of the processes involved, what I thought each trainee had to know, and what questions they would most frequently ask. From this analysis I developed the various process procedures. Only after I had done so was I able to train effectively and with the confidence that I was doing the best possible job. Answers had to be at hand for all of their questions and in what­ ever detail they needed to know.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7012-3
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  • 12
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    Magnetic Components : Design and Applications (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401540001
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 345 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Low Frequency Power Transformers -- 2. Optimization -- 3. Power Reactors -- 4. Nonlinear Magnetics -- 5. Current Transformers -- 6. Pulse Transformers -- 7. Field Gradient Control -- 8. Heat Transfer -- 9. Materials and Fabrication Methods -- Afterword -- References -- to Appendixes A and B -- Appendix A. Choke/Resonant Charging Reactor Design Tables -- Appendix B. Transformer Design Tables -- Appendix C. Rectifier Circuit Design.
    Kurzfassung: Magnetic Components Design and Applications is intended primarily for the circuit designer and the power processing systems designer who have found that in order to be more effective they must learn not only to use, but to design their own magnetic components. It will also be useful to the trans­ former engineer, by showing how to develop high-performance designs quickly and easily by employing optimization criteria. This book is a design manual, a how-to-build-it manual, and a survey of some common and state-of-the-art practices in magnetic component design and high voltage insulation. It contains the data necessary to design power transformers on a gradient scale from 60 Hz to several hundred kilohertz, conventional and air-core current transformers, power reactors, saturable transformers and saturable reactors, and air core and conventional pulse transformers. Further, it con­ tains essential information about dielectric materials and fabrication meth­ ods, basic heat transfer technology, and electric field gradient control for high voltage applications. Mathematical methods of optimization are developed, and results are given in a number of areas, particularly in the area of maximizing power den­ sity in power transformers and the maximization of stored energy per unit volume for power reactors. For various reasons, each chapter is written from a different starting level.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-4000-1
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  • 13
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    International Humanitarian Assistance : Disaster Relief Actions in International Law and Organization (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401769747
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 244 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; School management and organization. ; School administration.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6974-7
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  • 14
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    Item Response Theory : Principles and Applications (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401719889
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 332 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Kurzfassung: 1 Some Background to Item Response Theory -- 2 Assumptions of Item Response Theory -- 3 Item Response Models -- 4 Ability Scales -- 5 Estimation of Ability -- 6 Information Function and Its Application -- 7 Estimation of Item and Ability Parameters -- 8 Approaches for Addressing Model-Data Fit -- 9 Examples of Model-Data Fit Studies -- 10 Test Equating -- 11 Construction of Tests -- 12 Item Banking -- 13 Miscellaneous Applications -- 14 Practical Considerations in Using IRT Models -- References -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: In the decade of the 1970s, item response theory became the dominant topic for study by measurement specialists. But, the genesis of item response theory (IRT) can be traced back to the mid-thirties and early forties. In fact, the term "Item Characteristic Curve," which is one of the main IRT concepts, can be attributed to Ledyard Tucker in 1946. Despite these early research efforts, interest in item response theory lay dormant until the late 1960s and took a backseat to the emerging development of strong true score theory. While true score theory developed rapidly and drew the attention of leading psychometricians, the problems and weaknesses inherent in its formulation began to raise concerns. Such problems as the lack of invariance of item parameters across examinee groups, and the inadequacy of classical test procedures to detect item bias or to provide a sound basis for measurement in "tailored testing," gave rise to a resurgence of interest in item response theory. Impetus for the development of item response theory as we now know it was provided by Frederic M. Lord through his pioneering works (Lord, 1952; 1953a, 1953b). The progress in the fifties was painstakingly slow due to the mathematical complexity of the topic and the nonexistence of computer programs.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1988-9
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  • 15
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    Support Networks in a Caring Community : Research and Policy, Fact and Fiction (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400951419
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 245 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Kurzfassung: I: Context -- Foreword -- Social support networks: a literature study -- II: Addresses -- From welfare state to caring society?: the promise of informal support networks -- Combining lay and professional resources to promote human welfare: prospects and tensions -- Economic developments in social security and welfare programmes: the Dutch case -- The significance of the built environment: how to develop new construction designs that could play a part in creating a more caring society -- Social policy and social care: divisions of responsibility -- III: Selected Papers -- Suitable cases for treatment? Couples seeking help for marital difficulties -- The social services as “network organizers” -- Supporting the informal carers -- Conflicts as property: fear of crime, criminal justice and the caring community -- Problems and possibilities in informal care for the impaired elderly -- Community care capacity: a view from Israel -- Mediating structures and the linkage of social care and individual responsibility -- The eighth decade: family structure and support networks in the community -- Supportive relationships and loneliness: suggestions for the improvement of support networks as guidelines for research and policy -- IV: Conclusions -- Conference recommendations -- V: Appendices -- Appendix A: Conference participants -- Appendix B: Papers presented.
    Kurzfassung: The historic Binnenhof, seat of the Dutch government in The Hague, provided the setting (January 1985) for a conference in which participants from eleven countries met to consider the theme: Support networks in a caring community: research and policy, fact and fiction. At the outset, conference leadership - provided by Professors J.M.L. Jonker (The Netherlands) and R.A.B. Leaper (United Kingdom) urged the conferees not to allow their enthusiasm for informal support networks to combine with the pervasive awareness of the failures of welfare states into a simplistic stance of advocacy, with a consequent appeal to politicians to direct state funds accordingly. Legitimate criticisms of the responses of welfare states to the needs of citizens were to be seen as the context for discussion, not the substance of conference deliberations. More specifically, if it is now apparent to many people that governmental assistance of individuals with social needs can lead to an undesirable dependency on the part of increasingly passive citizens, that awareness does not lend logical support to an ideological position that governmental expenditures are pern~c~ous per se - to be replaced as rapidly as possible by a return to reliance on self, family, friends and associations that are developed voluntarily and financed by those who are sufficiently interested.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I: ContextForeword -- Social support networks: a literature study -- II: Addresses -- From welfare state to caring society?: the promise of informal support networks -- Combining lay and professional resources to promote human welfare: prospects and tensions -- Economic developments in social security and welfare programmes: the Dutch case -- The significance of the built environment: how to develop new construction designs that could play a part in creating a more caring society -- Social policy and social care: divisions of responsibility -- III: Selected Papers -- Suitable cases for treatment? Couples seeking help for marital difficulties -- The social services as “network organizers” -- Supporting the informal carers -- Conflicts as property: fear of crime, criminal justice and the caring community -- Problems and possibilities in informal care for the impaired elderly -- Community care capacity: a view from Israel -- Mediating structures and the linkage of social care and individual responsibility -- The eighth decade: family structure and support networks in the community -- Supportive relationships and loneliness: suggestions for the improvement of support networks as guidelines for research and policy -- IV: Conclusions -- Conference recommendations -- V: Appendices -- Appendix A: Conference participants -- Appendix B: Papers presented.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5141-9
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  • 16
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    Chemical Bonding and Spectroscopy in Mineral Chemistry (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948389
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Quantum Mechanical Models and Methods in Mineralogy1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Full lattice calculations -- 1.3 Cluster calculations on mineral structural properties -- 1.4 Cluster calculations on mineral spectral properties -- 1.5 Cluster calculations of valence electron density distributions -- 1.6 Applications of qualitative MO theory -- 1.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 X-ray Spectroscopy and Chemical Bonding in Minerals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Photoelectron and X-ray spectroscopy -- 2.3 Spectroscopic techniques -- 2.4 Application of XES and XPS to bonding studies in mineral chemistry -- 2.5 Further developments -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Electronic Spectra of Minerals -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Background -- 3.3 Techniques -- 3.4 Crystal field spectra -- 3.5 Intervalence transitions -- 3.6 Applications -- 3.7 Summary -- References -- 4 Mineralogical Applications of Luminescence Techniques -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The luminescence process -- 4.3 Experimental techniques -- 4.4 Luminescence centres in some common minerals -- 4.5 Some conclusions -- References 138 -- 5 Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Mineral Chemistry -- 5.1 The basis of Mössbauer spectroscopy -- 5.2 The hyperfine interactions -- 5.3 The Mössbauer factor, f, and the intensity of the absorption lines -- 5.457Fe Mössbauer parameters and deductions from such data -- 5.5 Experimental details -- 5.6 Mineralogical applications -- 5.7 Antimony -- 5.8 Other physical studies -- References -- 6 Electron Spin Resonance and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applied to Minerals -- 6.1 Electron spin resonance spectroscopy -- 6.2 Practical aspects of ESR -- 6.3 Some applications of ESR in mineral chemistry -- 6.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- 6.5 NMR of solids -- 6.6 Applications -- 6.7 High resolution NMR studies of minerals -- 6.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 7 Spectroscopy and Chemical Bonding in the Opaque Minerals -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Compositions and crystal structures of the major opaque minerals -- 7.3 Approaches to chemical bonding models -- 7.4 Experimental methods for the study of bonding -- 7.5 Chemical bonding in some major opaque mineral groups -- 7.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- 8 Mineral Surfaces and the Chemical Bond -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Spectroscopic techniques -- 8.3 Applications in mineral chemistry -- 8.4 Concluding remarks -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4838-9
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  • 17
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    Coffee : Volume 1: Chemistry (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949485
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Science.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The term 'coffee' comprises not only the consumable beverage obtained by extracting roasted coffee with hot water, but also a whole range of intermediate products starting from the freshly harvested coffee cherries. Green coffee beans are, however, the main item of international trade (believed second in importance only to oiI), for processing into roasted coffee, instant coffee and other coffee products, prepared for local consumers. The scientific and technical study of coffee in its entirety therefore involves a wide range of scientific disciplines and practical skills. It is evident that green coffee is a natural product of great compositional complexity, and this is even more true for coffee products deriving from the roasting of coffee. The present volume on the chemistry of coffee seeks to provide the re ader with a full and detailed synopsis of present knowledge on the chemical aspects of green, roasted and instant coffee, in a way which has not been attempted before, that is, within the confines of a single volume solely devoted to the subject. Each chapter is directed towards a separate generic group of constituents known to be present, ranging individually over carbohydrate, nitrogenous and lipid components, not forgetting the important aroma components of roasted coffee, nor the water present and its significance, together with groups of other important components.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction1. Origins -- 2. The Coffee Plant -- 3. Producing Countries -- 4. Agricultural Practices -- 5. Processing at Origin -- 6. Roasted Coffee -- 7. Soluble (Instant) Coffee -- 8. Decaffeination -- 9. Composition -- 10. Physiological Effects -- 11. Coffee Quality -- 12. Coffee Substitutes -- References -- 2 Water and Mineral Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water Content of Green Coffee -- 3. Water Content of Parchment Coffee -- 4. Water Content of Roasted Coffee -- 5. Water Content of Instant Coffee -- 6. Water Content of Coffee Extracts -- 7. Mineral Content of Green and Roasted Coffee -- 8. Mineral Content of Instant Coffee -- 9. Trace Elements in Coffees -- References -- 3 Carbohydrates -- 1. Carbohydrates of Green Coffee -- 2. Carbohydrates of Roasted Coffee -- 3. Carbohydrates of Coffee Brews, Extracts and Instant Coffee -- 4. Some Physical Properties of Coffee Carbohydrates -- 5. Determination of Carbohydrates -- References -- 4 Nitrogenous Components -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alkaloids (Caffeine) -- 3. Trigonelline -- 4. Nicotinic Acid -- 5. Proteins and Free Amino Acids -- References -- 5 Chlorogenic Acids -- 1. Introduction and Brief History -- 2. Chlorogenic Acids Nomenclature -- 3. Chemical Synthesis -- 4. Physical Properties -- 5. Origin and Function -- 6. Chlorogenic Acids Extraction and Analysis -- 7. Chlorogenic Acids Content in Green Coffee Beans -- 8. Chlorogenic Acids Content of Roasted Beans and Soluble Powders -- 9. Organoleptic Properties -- References -- 6 Lipids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coffee Oil -- 3. Coffee Wax -- References -- 7 Volatile Components -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Methodology -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The Nature of the Volatile Components of Coffee -- References -- 8 Carboxylic Acids -- 1. The Role of Acids in Infusions -- 2. The Acid Content of Green Coffee -- 3. The Acid Content of Roasted Coffee -- 4. The Acid Content of Dried Coffee Extracts (Instant Coffees) -- 5. Determination of Acids -- 6. The Origins of Acids Found in Coffee Infusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4948-5
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  • 18
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    The Concept of Coherence in Art (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400953277
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (256p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: One: The Concept of Coherence -- Preamble -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Aesthetic Complex and its Elements -- 3. The Ordination of Elements (1: First Relation of Elements) -- 4. The Magnitude of Figures (2) -- 5. Elements and Intervals (3) -- 6. Dimensions of Elements: Their Comparative Relations (4) -- 7. Contextual Relations of Elements (5) -- 8. Tendentive Powers of Elements (6) -- 9. Expression: “Instant Coherence” (7) -- 10. How is Art Possible? (1) -- 11. How is Art Possible? (2) -- 12. The Compositional Order of Art -- 13. Feelings, Forces and Form -- Two: The Interpretation of Form -- Preamble -- 14. Coherence in Narrative Art -- 15. Coherence in Visual Art -- 16. Coherence in Music -- 17. Conclusion: The Uses of Form.
    Kurzfassung: This book concerns a single topic, coherence in the several arts, which is vague to begin with, but becomes progressively more precise as we proceed. While the book is not a formalist theory of art it aims to take steps toward clearing up the concept of form, which is of central interest in art, either by its observance or by deliberate defiance. While our interest is thus in one concept, it is as a matter of fact complex and covers some seven subordinate topics. Each of these important subjects is covered in separate chapters: the number of principal parts of artworks, their extent, size or magnitude, the intervallic relation between them, and their dimensional, contextual, tendentive, and connotational relations, all of which will be explained as we proceed. There are ample analyses or critiques devoted to particular artworks which appear in Part Two. While the book keeps to a fairly narrow range of subjects, breadth is there too, and the implication for all the arts is manifest. The examples cover mainly music, but there is a broad selection of architecture, sculpture, painting, both abstract and figural, and a brief selection from the field of narrative poetic art. Many more types of the arts had to be excluded to make the book of manageable size.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One: The Concept of CoherencePreamble -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Aesthetic Complex and its Elements -- 3. The Ordination of Elements (1: First Relation of Elements) -- 4. The Magnitude of Figures (2) -- 5. Elements and Intervals (3) -- 6. Dimensions of Elements: Their Comparative Relations (4) -- 7. Contextual Relations of Elements (5) -- 8. Tendentive Powers of Elements (6) -- 9. Expression: “Instant Coherence” (7) -- 10. How is Art Possible? (1) -- 11. How is Art Possible? (2) -- 12. The Compositional Order of Art -- 13. Feelings, Forces and Form -- Two: The Interpretation of Form -- Preamble -- 14. Coherence in Narrative Art -- 15. Coherence in Visual Art -- 16. Coherence in Music -- 17. Conclusion: The Uses of Form.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5327-7
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  • 19
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    Nicolas Chuquet, Renaissance Mathematician : A study with extensive translation of Chuquet’s mathematical manuscript completed in 1484 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400965027
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (400p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Keen, Ralph [Rezension von: Flegg, Graham, Nicolas Chuquet, Renaissance Mathematician: A Study with Extensive Translation of Chuquet's Mathematical Manuscript Completed in 1484] 1986
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): History ; Mathematics. ; Science—History.
    Kurzfassung: 1: Antecedents -- 2: Nicolas chuquet — The Man and his Manuscript -- 3: The Triparty — First Part -- 4: The Triparty — Second Part -- 5: The Triparty — Third Part -- 6: The Problems -- 7: The Geometry -- 8: The Commercial Arithmetic -- 9: The Place of Nicolas Chuquet in the History of Mathematics -- Appendix: Table of Contents for Chuquet’s Mathematical Manuscripts -- Index of Names and Works.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1: Antecedents2: Nicolas chuquet - The Man and his Manuscript -- 3: The Triparty - First Part -- 4: The Triparty - Second Part -- 5: The Triparty - Third Part -- 6: The Problems -- 7: The Geometry -- 8: The Commercial Arithmetic -- 9: The Place of Nicolas Chuquet in the History of Mathematics -- Appendix: Table of Contents for Chuquet’s Mathematical Manuscripts -- Index of Names and Works.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6502-7
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  • 20
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    Developments in Injection Moulding-3 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949461
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Injection Moulding Derivatives -- 2. Mould Manufacture -- 3. Computer-Aided Part and Mould Design -- 4. Sprueless and Runnerless Moulding -- 5. Mould Cooling Circuits by Computer -- 6. The Injection Moulding of Reinforced Thermoplastics -- 7. The Rheology and Injection Moulding of Reinforced and Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
    Kurzfassung: In the field of polymer technology, injection moulding is the most important moulding process. Because of the size of that industry and the rate of development which it attracts, it is impossible to present, in a single reasonably sized volume, all of the developments that have taken place in recent years. The purpose of this book is therefore to present selected topics which contribute to, or exemplify, develop­ ments in this important area. Each year considerable development takes place in the area of machine and process control and these developments receive con­ siderable publicity in the trade press. Another area which advances at the same pace, but which seems to receive far less publicity, although it is equally important, is the area of mould design and manufacture. It is important because profitability is dependent upon the design, manufacture and operation of the mould. It is for this reason that several chapters relating to mould design have been included in this, the third volume in this series. The topics covered include advances in mould manufacture, the use of runnerless systems to aid productivity, and others showing how the applications of computers can greatly assist the moulder to obtain a more productive unit.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Injection Moulding Derivatives2. Mould Manufacture -- 3. Computer-Aided Part and Mould Design -- 4. Sprueless and Runnerless Moulding -- 5. Mould Cooling Circuits by Computer -- 6. The Injection Moulding of Reinforced Thermoplastics -- 7. The Rheology and Injection Moulding of Reinforced and Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4946-1
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  • 21
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    Methods for the Determination of Vitamins in Food : Recommended by COST 91 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949447
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I: Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- II: Recommended Methods -- 2. Vitamin A (Retinol and Retinyl Esters) in Food: HPLC Method -- 3. Carotene in Foodstuffs -- 4. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) in Foodstuffs: Thiochrome Method -- 5. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 6. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: Modified Deutsch and Weeks Fluorimetric Method -- 7. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Food: Sephadex Method -- 8. Vitamin E (Only ?-Tocopherol) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 9. Free Tocopherols and Tocotrienols (Vitamin E) in Edible Oils and Fats: HPLC Method -- III: Tentative Methods -- 10. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 11. Vitamin B6 in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 12. Vitamin D in Margarine: HPLC Method -- IV: Annex -- 13. Niacin -- 14. Folacin in Foodstuffs.
    Kurzfassung: In the course of the project COST 91 *, on the Effects of Thermal Processing and Distribution on the Quality and Nutritive Value of Food, it became clear that approved methods were needed for vitamin determination in food. An expert group on vitamins met in March 1981 to set the requirements which these methods must meet. On the basis of these requirements, methods were selected for vitamin A, ~-carotene, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin C and vitamin E. Unfortunately, for vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B6 and D only tentative methods could be chosen, since the methods available only partially fulfilled the require­ ments set by the expert group. For niacin and folic acid some references only could be given because none of the existing methods satisfied these requirements, and for vitamin B , vitamin K, pantothenic acid and 12 biotin it was not considered possible to give even references. All methods were carefully described in detail so that every laboratory worker could use them without being an expert in vitamin assay. In October 1983 an enlarged expert group on vitamins approved the compilation of methods and approached a publishing house with a view to publication. The editors wish to thank Dr Peter Zeuthen, the leader of the project COST 91, for his interest in their work, and Mr G.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I: Introduction1. Introduction -- II: Recommended Methods -- 2. Vitamin A (Retinol and Retinyl Esters) in Food: HPLC Method -- 3. Carotene in Foodstuffs -- 4. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) in Foodstuffs: Thiochrome Method -- 5. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 6. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: Modified Deutsch and Weeks Fluorimetric Method -- 7. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Food: Sephadex Method -- 8. Vitamin E (Only ?-Tocopherol) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 9. Free Tocopherols and Tocotrienols (Vitamin E) in Edible Oils and Fats: HPLC Method -- III: Tentative Methods -- 10. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 11. Vitamin B6 in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 12. Vitamin D in Margarine: HPLC Method -- IV: Annex -- 13. Niacin -- 14. Folacin in Foodstuffs.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4944-7
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  • 22
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    Developments in Dairy Chemistry-3 : Lactose and Minor Constituents (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949508
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Lactose: Chemical and Physicochemical Properties -- 2. Developments in the Chemistry and Chemical Modification of Lactose -- 3. Modification of Lactose and Lactose-containing Dairy Products with ?-Galactosidase -- 4. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: I. Nutritional Aspects of Lactose Digestion -- 5. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: II. Metabolism and Toxicity of Galactose -- 6. The Milk Salts: Their Secretion, Concentrations and Physical Chemistry -- 7. Nutritional Aspects of Minerals in Bovine and Human Milks -- 8. Flavour of Milk and Milk Products -- 9. Indigenous Milk Enzymes -- 10. The Biological Significance of the Non-immunoglobulin Protective Proteins in Milk: Lysozyme, Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase -- 11. Vitamins in Bovine and Human Milks.
    Kurzfassung: This volume is the third in the series on the chemistry and physical chemistry of milk constituents. Volumes 1 and 2 dealt with the com­ mercially more important constituents, proteins and lipids, respectively. Although the constituents covered in this volume are of less direct commercial importance than the former two, they are nevertheless of major significance in the chemical, physical, technological, nutritional and physiological properties of milk. Lactose, the principal component of the milks of most species, is a rather unique sugar in many respects---it has been referred to as one of Nature's paradoxes. It is also the principal component in concentrated and dehydrated dairy products, many of the properties of which reflect those of lactose. The chemistry and principal properties of lactose have been thoroughly researched over the years and relatively little new information is available on these aspects; this new knowledge, as well as some of the older literature, is reviewed in Chapter 1.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Lactose: Chemical and Physicochemical Properties2. Developments in the Chemistry and Chemical Modification of Lactose -- 3. Modification of Lactose and Lactose-containing Dairy Products with ?-Galactosidase -- 4. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: I. Nutritional Aspects of Lactose Digestion -- 5. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: II. Metabolism and Toxicity of Galactose -- 6. The Milk Salts: Their Secretion, Concentrations and Physical Chemistry -- 7. Nutritional Aspects of Minerals in Bovine and Human Milks -- 8. Flavour of Milk and Milk Products -- 9. Indigenous Milk Enzymes -- 10. The Biological Significance of the Non-immunoglobulin Protective Proteins in Milk: Lysozyme, Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase -- 11. Vitamins in Bovine and Human Milks.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4950-8
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  • 23
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    Principles of Physical Sedimentology (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401096836
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Concepts and rules of the game1.1 Matter and influences -- 1.2 Flow rate -- 1.3 Law of continuity (conservation of mass) -- 1.4 Law of conservation of momentum -- 1.5 Law of conservation of energy -- 1.6 Energy losses during fluid flow -- 1.7 Newton’s laws of motion -- 1.8 Fluid viscosity -- 1.9 Boundary layers -- 1.10 Flow separation -- 1.11 Applying the concepts and rules -- Readings -- 2 Pressed down and running over -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Particle composition and density -- 2.3 How big is a particle? -- 2.4 What form has a particle? -- 2.5 How close is a packing? -- 2.6 Kinds of packing -- 2.7 Voids -- 2.8 Controls on packing -- 2.9 How steep is a heap? -- 2.10 Building houses on sand -- Readings -- 3 Sink or swim? -- 3.1 Two introductory experiments -- 3.2 Settling of spherical particles arrayed in a stagnant fluid -- 3.3 Settling and fluidization -- 3.4 Flow in porous media -- 3.5 Controls on permeability -- 3.6 Settling of a solitary spherical particle in a stagnant fluid -- 3.7 Settling of a solitary non-spherical particle in a stagnant fluid -- Readings -- 4 Sliding, rolling, leaping and making sand waves -- 4.1 Some field observations -- 4.2 Setting particles in motion -- 4.3 Defining the rate of sediment transport -- 4.4 Physical implications of sediment transport -- 4.5 Sediment transport modes -- 4.6 Appearance and internal structure of bedforms -- 4.7 How do bedforms move? -- 4.8 Bedforms and flow conditions -- 4.9 Making wavy beds -- 4.10 A wave theory of bedforms -- Readings -- 5 Winding down to the sea -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Drag force and mean velocity of a river -- 5.3 Energy and power of channelized currents -- 5.4 Why flow in a channel? -- 5.5 Width: depth ratio of river channels -- 5.6 Long profiles of rivers -- 5.7 An experimental interlude -- 5.8 Flow in channel bends -- 5.9 Sediment particles in channel bends -- 5.10 Migration of channel bends -- 5.11 A model for river point-bar deposits -- Readings -- 6 Order in chaos -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Assessing turbulent flows - how to see and what to measure -- 6.3 Character of an ideal eddy -- 6.4 Streaks in the viscous sublayer -- 6.5 Streak bursting -- 6.6 Large eddies (macroturbulence) -- 6.7 Relation of small to large coherent structures -- Readings -- 7 A matter of turbidity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 A diffusion model for transport in suspension -- 7.3 Transport in suspension across river floodplains -- 7.4 Limitations of diffusion models -- 7.5 A dynamical theory of suspension -- 7.6 A criterion for suspension -- Readings -- 8 The banks of the Limpopo River -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Clay minerals -- 8.3 Deposition of muddy sediments -- 8.4 Packing of muddy sediments -- 8.5 Coming unstuck -- 8.6 Erosion of muddy sediments -- 8.7 Drying out -- Readings -- 9 Creeping, sliding and flowing -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Mass movements in general -- 9.3 Soil creep -- 9.4 Effective stress and losses of strength -- 9.5 Sub-aerial and sub-aquatic slides -- 9.6 Debris flows -- 9.7 Mass-movement associations -- Readings -- 10 Changes of state -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 An experiment -- 10.3 What causes changes of states? -- 10.4 What forces cause deformation? -- 10.5 For how long can deformation proceed? -- 10.6 Complex deformations in cross-bedded sandstones -- 10.7 Load casts -- 10.8 Convolute lamination -- 10.9 Wrinkle marks -- 10.10 Overturned cross-bedding -- Readings -- 11 Twisting and turning -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Mixing layers -- 11.3 Jets -- 11.4 Corkscrew vortices -- 11.5 Horseshoe vortices due to bluff bodies -- 11.6 Horseshoe vortices at flute marks, current ripples and dunes -- Readings -- 12 Sudden, strong and deep -- 12.1 Some experiments -- 12.2 Kinds of gravity current -- 12.3 Difficulties with gravity currents -- 12.4 Drag force and mean velocity of a uniform steady gravity current -- 12.5 Shape and speed of a gravity-current head -- 12.6 Why does the nose overhang? -- 12.7 Lobes, clefts and sole marks -- 12.8 Billows on the head -- 12.9 Gravity-current heads on slopes -- 12.10 Dissipation of sediment-driven gravity currents -- 12.11 Sloshing gravity currents -- 12.12 Turbidity-current deposits -- Readings -- 13 To and fro -- 13.1 Some introductory experiments -- 13.2 Making wind waves -- 13.3 Making the tide -- 13.4 Waves in shallow water -- 13.5 Waves in deep water -- 13.6 Wave equations -- 13.7 Mass transport in progressive and standing waves -- 13.8 Sediment transport due to wind waves and tides -- 13.9 Wave ripples and plane beds -- 13.10 Sand waves in tidal currents -- 13.11 Longshore bars and troughs -- 13.12 Waves and storm surges - back to the beginning -- Readings.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9683-6
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  • 24
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    Environmental Stress and Behavioural Adaptation (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160735
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Temperature -- 1.1 BACKGROUND -- 1.2 PROBLEMS FACED BY ECTOTHERMS -- 1.3 PROBLEMS FACED BY ENDOTHERMS -- 1.4 BEHAVIOURAL SOLUTIONS -- 1.5 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF BEHAVIOURAL THERMOREGULATION -- 1.6 BEHAVIOURAL INDUCTION OF FEVER -- 2. Salinity -- 2.1 BACKGROUND -- 2.2 PROBLEMS IMPOSED BY SALINITY -- 2.3 BEHAVIOURAL REACTIONS TO SALINITY -- 3. Oxygen Tension -- 3.1 BACKGROUND -- 3.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 4. Desiccation -- 4.1 BACKGROUND -- 4.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 5. Pollutants -- 5.1 BACKGROUND -- 5.2 OIL OR DISPERSANTS -- 5.3 THERMAL EFFLUENTS -- 5.4 CHLORINE -- 5.5 HEAVY METALS OR PESTICIDES -- 5.6 ACID POLLUTION -- 6. Conclusions -- 6.1 MULTIPURPOSE BEHAVIOUR -- 6.2 COSTS AND BENEFITS -- 6.3 RECEPTOR AND EFFECTOR SYSTEMS -- 6.4 EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS.
    Kurzfassung: It is generally agreed that animal life originated in the sea and that adaptive radiation subsequently led to the colonisaHon of other environments - shores and estuaries, streams and lakes, bog, mountain and desert. In their invasion of these habitats animals left the equable, relatively stabl.e surroundings of the open sea and subjected themselves to the rigours of temperature fluctuations and extremes, a variety of ionic backgrounds, areas of depleted oxygen or the possibility of aerial exposure and potential desiccation. The spur for this radiation presumably lay in the prize of access to unexploited habitats and sources of energy. The survival of these more adventurous species has depended upon them evolving mechanisms to protect the integrity of their cellular constituents. Protoplasm can only exist within physiochemical limits which are quite narrow for each species. Water activity, salt and gas concentrations and temperature all have to be appropriate for enzyme­ catalysed processes to function properly within cells. Except in the open sea, environmental conditions regularly vary outside these limits. To take a familiar example; humans can only remain conscious (and hence functional) if their core (Le. deep tissues - brain, heart, liver, etc.) body temperature is maintained between about 30 and 43°C.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Temperature1.1 BACKGROUND -- 1.2 PROBLEMS FACED BY ECTOTHERMS -- 1.3 PROBLEMS FACED BY ENDOTHERMS -- 1.4 BEHAVIOURAL SOLUTIONS -- 1.5 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF BEHAVIOURAL THERMOREGULATION -- 1.6 BEHAVIOURAL INDUCTION OF FEVER -- 2. Salinity -- 2.1 BACKGROUND -- 2.2 PROBLEMS IMPOSED BY SALINITY -- 2.3 BEHAVIOURAL REACTIONS TO SALINITY -- 3. Oxygen Tension -- 3.1 BACKGROUND -- 3.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 4. Desiccation -- 4.1 BACKGROUND -- 4.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 5. Pollutants -- 5.1 BACKGROUND -- 5.2 OIL OR DISPERSANTS -- 5.3 THERMAL EFFLUENTS -- 5.4 CHLORINE -- 5.5 HEAVY METALS OR PESTICIDES -- 5.6 ACID POLLUTION -- 6. Conclusions -- 6.1 MULTIPURPOSE BEHAVIOUR -- 6.2 COSTS AND BENEFITS -- 6.3 RECEPTOR AND EFFECTOR SYSTEMS -- 6.4 EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6073-5
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  • 25
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    Plasma Physics (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401096553
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction1.1 Nature and occurrence of plasmas -- 1.2 Controlled nuclear fusion -- 1.3 Fluid and kinetic descriptions of a plasma -- 1.4 The Debye length -- 2. Motion of a charged particle -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Motion in a uniform magnetic field -- 2.3 Guiding centre drifts -- 2.4 Adiabatic invariants: the magnetic moment -- 2.5 The magnetization current -- 2.6 Some applications -- Problems -- 3. Low-frequency phenomena -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Magnetohydrodynamics -- 3.3 MHD equilibria -- 3.4 Stability of MHD equilibria -- 3.5 MHD waves -- 3.6 Coulomb collisions -- 3.7 The Fokker-Plank equation -- 3.8 Relation between kinetic and fluid theories -- 3.9 Transport coefficients -- Problems -- 4. Waves -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The two-fluid equations -- 4.3 Waves in a cold plasma -- 4.4 Wave energy density -- 4.5 Waves in an inhomogeneous plasma -- 4.6 Cut-off and resonance -- 4.7 Propagation of electron cyclotron waves in a tokamak -- 4.8 Tunnelling and resonant absorption -- Problems -- 5. Kinetic theory of waves -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Vlasov equation -- 5.3 The linearized Vlasov equation and Landau damping -- 5.4 The plasma dispersion function -- 5.5 Ion sound waves -- 5.6 Waves in a magnetized plasma -- 5.7 Bernstein modes -- 5.8 Cyclotron damping -- 5.9 Microinstabilities -- 5.10 Absolute and convective instabilities -- Problems -- 6. Nonlinear effects -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Quasilinear theory -- 6.3 Wave-wave interactions -- 6.4 Parametric instabilities -- 6.5 The ponderomotive force -- 6.6 Modulation and filamentation -- 6.7 Computational methods-fluid codes -- 6.8 Computational methods-particle codes -- 6.9 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- 7. Diagnostic techniques -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Probes -- 7.3 Radiation emission -- 7.4 Radiation scattering and interferometry -- 7.5 Particle measurements -- Problems -- 8. Application to fusion and space research -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Tokamaks and other toroidal devices -- 8.3 Other magnetic confinement systems -- 8.4 Inertial confinement -- 8.5 The Earth’s magnetosphere -- 8.6 The physics of the Sun and stars -- 8.7 Pulsars -- 8.8 Cosmic ray acceleration -- 8.9 Plasma physics applied to particle accelerators -- 8.10 Conclusion -- Further reading.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9655-3
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  • 26
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    CADCAM: Training and Education through the ’80s : Proceedings of the CAD ED ’84 Conference (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401171182
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1:Technology for CADCAM -- The present state of computer-aided engineering industry and education -- CADCAM technology — five years ahead -- CAE — a longer view -- 2:Education for CADCAM -- A computer-aided engineering strategy for a university department of engineering -- Computer-aided design (CAD) in an electrical and electronic engineering degree course -- 3:Training for CADCAM -- Education and training initiatives -- Impact of new technology in the role of the engineering designer -- 4A: Experience in Education -- CAM-CAD education — the Paisley experience -- CAD in the context of engineering business — a necessary educational perspective -- Software engineering in mechanical and production engineering degree courses -- 4B: Experience in Training -- User training for CAE/CAD/CAM — a vendor view -- The management of system change -- 5: Workshop Reviews -- Approaches to teaching CADCAM: Chairman’s summary -- The integration of CAD and CAM — the educational implications: Chairman’s summary -- Integration of CAD and CAM (training implications): Chairman’s summary -- Systems requirement for education: Chairman’s summary -- Retraining of industrial personnel in CAD/CAM — users’ experiences: Chairman’s summary -- Management implications of CADCAM implementation: Chairman’s summary -- CAM and the education of production engineers: Chairman’s summary.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1:Technology for CADCAMThe present state of computer-aided engineering industry and education -- CADCAM technology - five years ahead -- CAE - a longer view -- 2:Education for CADCAM -- A computer-aided engineering strategy for a university department of engineering -- Computer-aided design (CAD) in an electrical and electronic engineering degree course -- 3:Training for CADCAM -- Education and training initiatives -- Impact of new technology in the role of the engineering designer -- 4A: Experience in Education -- CAM-CAD education - the Paisley experience -- CAD in the context of engineering business - a necessary educational perspective -- Software engineering in mechanical and production engineering degree courses -- 4B: Experience in Training -- User training for CAE/CAD/CAM - a vendor view -- The management of system change -- 5: Workshop Reviews -- Approaches to teaching CADCAM: Chairman’s summary -- The integration of CAD and CAM - the educational implications: Chairman’s summary -- Integration of CAD and CAM (training implications): Chairman’s summary -- Systems requirement for education: Chairman’s summary -- Retraining of industrial personnel in CAD/CAM - users’ experiences: Chairman’s summary -- Management implications of CADCAM implementation: Chairman’s summary -- CAM and the education of production engineers: Chairman’s summary.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7118-2
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  • 27
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    Fish Energetics : New Perspectives (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401179188
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: One: Evolutionary Aspects of Energy Budgets -- 1. Adaptive Aspects of Energy Allocation -- 2. Metabolic Scope in Fishes -- Two: Food and Feeding -- 3. The Application of Optimal Foraging Theory to Feeding Behaviour in Fish -- 4. Energetics of Feeding and Digestion -- 5. Laboratory Methods in Fish Feeding and Nutritional Studies -- 6. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements -- 7. The Hormonal Control of Metabolism and Feeding -- Three: Production -- 8. Growth -- 9. Energetics of Reproduction -- Four: Energy Budgets -- 10. Laboratory Studies of Energy Budgets -- 11. Field Studies of Energy Budgets -- 12. Energetics and Fish Farming -- Systematic Index.
    Kurzfassung: It is almost thirty years since Professor G. G. Winberg established the basis for experimental studies in fish energetics with the publication of his monograph, Rate of Metabolism and Food Requirements of Fishes. His ultimate aim was to develop a scientific approach to fish culture and management, and the immense volume of literature generated in the ensuing years has been mainly in response to the demand for information from a rapidly expanding, world-wide aquaculture industry and to the shortcomings of contemporary practices in fisheries management. The purpose of this book is not to review this literature compre­ hensively, but, assuming an informed readership, to focus attention on topics in which new knowledge and theory are beginning to be applied in practice. Most emphasis has been placed on food; feeding; production (growth and reproduction) and energy budgeting, as these have most influence on the development of fish culture. Some chapters offer practical advice for the selection of methods, and warn of pitfalls in previous approaches. In others the influence of new theory on the interpretation of studies in fish energetics is discussed in the context of resource allocation and adaptation. We hope that the scope of material presented here will have sufficient interest and value to help significantly to fulfil Winberg's original objectives.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One: Evolutionary Aspects of Energy Budgets1. Adaptive Aspects of Energy Allocation -- 2. Metabolic Scope in Fishes -- Two: Food and Feeding -- 3. The Application of Optimal Foraging Theory to Feeding Behaviour in Fish -- 4. Energetics of Feeding and Digestion -- 5. Laboratory Methods in Fish Feeding and Nutritional Studies -- 6. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements -- 7. The Hormonal Control of Metabolism and Feeding -- Three: Production -- 8. Growth -- 9. Energetics of Reproduction -- Four: Energy Budgets -- 10. Laboratory Studies of Energy Budgets -- 11. Field Studies of Energy Budgets -- 12. Energetics and Fish Farming -- Systematic Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7918-8
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  • 28
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    Digital Telephony and Network Integration (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401571777
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 451 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 A Network in Transition -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Network Yesterday -- 1.3 The Network Today -- 1.4 The Network Tomorrow -- 2 Speech Digitization Fundamentals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Speech Coding Approaches -- 2.3 Sampling -- 2.4 Quantization -- 2.5 Effect of Digitization on Bandwidth -- 2.6 Speech Digitizer Performance -- 2.7 Speech Coding Advantages -- 3 Pulse Code Modulation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic PCM Encoding -- 3.3 Compression and Nonuniform Quantization -- 3.4 PCM Performance -- 4 Efficient Speech Coding Techniques -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Special PCM Techniques -- 4.3 Differential PCM -- 4.4 Delta Modulation (DM) -- 4.5 Subband Coding (SBC) -- 4.6 Adaptive Predictive Coding (APC) -- 4.7 Adaptive Transform Coding (ATC) -- 4.8 Vocoders -- 4.9 Hybrid (Waveform-Parametric) Techniques -- 4.10 Performance -- 5 Digital Techniques in the Telephone Network -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Synchronization -- 5.3 Time-Division Multiplexing -- 5.4 Error Coders -- 5.5 Scramblers -- 5.6 Channel Coders -- 5.7 Signal Impairments in Transmission -- 5.8 Signaling and Supervision -- 5.9 Monitoring and Maintenance -- 5.10 Digital Speech Interpolation -- 5.11 Digital Repeaters -- 5.12 Digitization of the Loop Plant -- 5.13 Speech Recognition -- 5.14 Computer Voice Response -- 6 Digital Transmission -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Digital Modulation Techniques -- 6.3 T-Carrier Systems -- 6.4 The Digital Hierarchy -- 6.5 Multiplexing -- 6.6 Error Control -- 6.7 Pair-Gain Systems -- 6.8 Retrofit -- 6.9 Testing and Fault Detection -- 7 Microwave Transmission -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Characteristics of Microwave Propagation -- 7.3 Microwave System Engineering -- 7.4 Characteristics of Microwave Equipment -- 7.5 Digital Microwave Radio Systems -- 8 Satellite Transmission -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Characteristics of Satellite Propagation -- 8.3 Satellite System Design -- 8.4 Characteristics of Satellite System Equipment -- 8.5 Major Operational Communication Satellite Systems -- 8.6 Future Trends in Communication Satellite Systems -- 9 Fiber Optic Transmission -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Fiber Transmission Characteristics -- 9.3 Fiber Types -- 9.4 Optical Sources -- 9.5 Photodetectors -- 9.6 Coupling of Sources to Fibers -- 9.7 Repeaters and Couplers -- 9.8 Noise Sources -- 9.9 Operational and Planned Fiber Optic Systems -- 9.10 Wavelength Division Multiplexing -- 9.11 Future Optical Telephone Network -- 10 The Circuit Switching Environment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Basic Switching Functions -- 10.3 Basic Switching System -- 10.4 Control Concepts -- 10.5 Signaling -- 10.6 Switching Network Technology -- 10.7 Why Digital Switching? -- 11 Digital Switching Architecture -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Terminal Interface Techniques -- 11.3 Switching Network Considerations -- 11.4 Service Circuit Techniques -- 11.5 Control Architectures -- 11.6 Maintenance Diagnostics and Administration -- 12 Operational Switching Systems -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Rockwell 580 DSS -- 12.3 Stromberg-Carlson System Century DCO -- 12.4 Northern Telecom DMS-100 -- 12.5 GTE GTD-5 EAX -- 12.6 AT&T No. 5 ESS -- 12.7 ITT System 1240 -- 12.8 GTE GTD-3 EAX -- 12.9 AT&T No. 4 ESS -- 13 Evolution of the Switched Digital Network -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The North American Analog Network -- 13.3 The Evolving Digital Network -- 13.4 Intra-LATA Networks -- 14 Evolution of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) -- 14.1 The ISDN Concept -- 14.2 ISDN Plans and Progress -- 14.3 Future Trends and Issues.
    Kurzfassung: What is "digital telephony"? To the authors, the term digital telephony de­ notes the technology used to provide a completely digital point-to-point voice communication system from end to end. This implies the use of digital technol­ ogy from one end instrument through the transmission facilities and switching centers to another end instrument. Digital telephony has become possible only because of the recent and ongoing surge of semiconductor developments allowing microminiaturization and high reliability along with reduced costs. This book deals with both the future and the present. Thus, the first chapter is entitled, "A Network in Transition." As baselines, Chapters 2, 3, and 10 provide the reader with the present status of telephone technology in terms of voice digitization as well as switching principles. The book is an outgrowth of the authors' continuing engineering education course, "Digital Telephony," which they have taught since January, 1980, to attendees from business, industry, government, common carriers, and tele­ phony equipment manufacturers. These attendees come from a wide variety of educational backgrounds. but generally have the equivalent of at least a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. The book has been written to provide both the engineering student and the practicing engineer a working knowledge of the principles of present and future voice communication systems based upon the use of the public switched network. Problems or discussion questions have been included at the ends of the chapters to facilitate the book's use as a senior level or first year graduate level course text.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7177-7
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    Principles and Applications of Hydrochemistry (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948365
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Principles of hydrochemistry -- 2.1 Chemical concepts -- 2.2 Physical chemistry applied to natural waters -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Chemical processes in the water cycle -- 3.1 Deposition of soluble substances by rain and snow, fog and rime, and by dry deposition -- 3.2 Processes in the root zone in groundwater recharge areas -- 3.3 Processes in the intermediate zone -- 3.4 Processes in the water saturated zone (groundwater) -- 3.5 Processes in groundwater discharge areas -- 3.6 Processes in lakes and water courses -- 4 Models of reservoirs and the flux of chemical constituents in basins -- 4.1 Concepts and definitions -- 4.2 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater recharge areas -- 4.3 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater discharge areas -- 4.4 Distributed models and their limitations -- 5 Environmental isotopes in hydrology and hydrochemistry -- 5.1 Radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and chloride -- 5.2 Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen -- 6 Applications of hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes -- 6.1 Hydrochemical monitoring -- 6.2 Chemical budgets of basins -- 6.3 Use of chloride and environmental isotopes in groundwater investigations -- 6.4 The effects of acid deposition -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C.
    Kurzfassung: The International Hydrological Decade (which ended in 1975) led to a revival of hydrological sciences to a degree which, seen in retrospect, is quite spectacular. This research programme had strong government support, no doubt due to an increased awareness of the role of water for prosperous development. Since water quality is an essential ingredient in almost all water use, there was also a considerable interest in hydrochemistry during the Decade. As many concepts in classical hydrology had to be revised during and after the Decade there was also a need for revising hydrochemistry to align it with modern hydrology. A considerable input of fresh knowledge was also made in the recent past by chemists, particularly geochemists, invaluable for understanding the processes of mineralization of natural waters. With all this in mind it seems natural to try to assemble all the present knowledge of hydrochemistry into a book and integrate it with modern hydrology as far as possible, emphasizing the dynamic features of dissolved substances in natural waters. Considering the role of water in nature for transfer of substances, this integration is essential for proper understanding of processes in all related earth sciences. The arrangement of subjects in the book is as follows. After a short introductory chapter comes a chapter on elementary chemical principles of particular use in hydrochemistry.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction2 Principles of hydrochemistry -- 2.1 Chemical concepts -- 2.2 Physical chemistry applied to natural waters -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Chemical processes in the water cycle -- 3.1 Deposition of soluble substances by rain and snow, fog and rime, and by dry deposition -- 3.2 Processes in the root zone in groundwater recharge areas -- 3.3 Processes in the intermediate zone -- 3.4 Processes in the water saturated zone (groundwater) -- 3.5 Processes in groundwater discharge areas -- 3.6 Processes in lakes and water courses -- 4 Models of reservoirs and the flux of chemical constituents in basins -- 4.1 Concepts and definitions -- 4.2 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater recharge areas -- 4.3 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater discharge areas -- 4.4 Distributed models and their limitations -- 5 Environmental isotopes in hydrology and hydrochemistry -- 5.1 Radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and chloride -- 5.2 Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen -- 6 Applications of hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes -- 6.1 Hydrochemical monitoring -- 6.2 Chemical budgets of basins -- 6.3 Use of chloride and environmental isotopes in groundwater investigations -- 6.4 The effects of acid deposition -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4836-5
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  • 30
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    Using and programming the Epson HX-20 portable computer (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948624
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: What this book covers -- some applications of portable computers -- 1. Which computer? -- Developing a selection methodology -- computers v. terminals -- portables v. hand-helds v. transportables v. plug-ins -- the ideal portable -- what to look for in a portable -- Summary — 20 portables on the market -- 2. The HX-20 -- to the HX-20 -- the hardware components -- environmental considerations -- documentation and technical support -- warranty -- prices -- 3. HX-20 BASIC -- Why and how to learn BASIC -- what to get in HX-20 BASIC -- what HX-20 BASIC is missing -- 4. Using and writing BASIC programs -- Finding and entering BASIC programs -- tips on converting programs written for other machines -- programming tips -- some BASIC programs and subroutines -- 5. The 6301 microprocessor -- Basic concepts -- to machine architecture -- programming the 6301 -- interrupts -- the real-time clock -- 6. Assembly language -- Why use machine/assembly language? an assembler -- other assemblers -- storing machine code into memory -- using the Monitor as a learning tool -- assembly language coding hints -- sample program -- 7. Forth -- An introduction to the language -- description of HCCS Forth -- 8. Communications -- The why of data communications -- The how of data communications -- 9. Word processing -- Word processing on the HX-20 -- Ffosswriter -- SkiWriter -- Intext -- Other WP/Editing programs -- 10. Inventory/stock tracking -- What to look for in an inventory system -- available inventory software -- bar code readers and software -- technical information on bar codes -- bar code printing program -- 11. Software and systems -- Packaged software and systems from the US, UK and Australia -- 12. Peripherals -- Different peripherals available: what they do, how they connect, where to get them -- 13. Operating tips -- Appendix A: Vendor List -- Where to go to buy software, hardware, supplies -- Appendix B: Where to go for more information Magazines -- Magazines, newsletters, user’s groups -- Appendix C: Portable Computer Manufacturers -- Appendix D: System Reference -- Appendix E: Computer Terminology -- Glossary of the familiar but different, as well as the totally unfamiliar.
    Kurzfassung: Why this book? Other than the fact that I like writing about computers more than just about anything else, this book fills several real needs. No matter how many manuals a computer manufacturer puts out to accompany a syste- and some of Epson America's are very good - not everything can be covered. This book fills in the gaps. This book is unbiased, having been written independently of Epson. So, I won't be telling you to drop everything and run out to buy an HX-20. The HX- 20 is good for some uses, not so good for some others. This book is a guide to out of the machine and/or pointing you towards a different getting the most machine that might better suit your needs. At the start of this project I had to decide who was my target audience: novices, experts, or those in between? Because HX-20 owners and prospective owners don't fall into neat categories, I tried to 'cover all the bases'. Or at least as many as possible. As with any attempt to do everything, I didn't always succeed. But I did succeed in providing at least something for everyone. For those who haven't yet bought a portable - or are unsure if buying an HX-20 was the right move - there are descriptions of 20 other portables on the market. For those who have used other computers before, there's information on how Epson BASIC differs from other BASICs, with tips on converting programs.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: What this book coverssome applications of portable computers -- 1. Which computer? -- Developing a selection methodology -- computers v. terminals -- portables v. hand-helds v. transportables v. plug-ins -- the ideal portable -- what to look for in a portable -- Summary - 20 portables on the market -- 2. The HX-20 -- to the HX-20 -- the hardware components -- environmental considerations -- documentation and technical support -- warranty -- prices -- 3. HX-20 BASIC -- Why and how to learn BASIC -- what to get in HX-20 BASIC -- what HX-20 BASIC is missing -- 4. Using and writing BASIC programs -- Finding and entering BASIC programs -- tips on converting programs written for other machines -- programming tips -- some BASIC programs and subroutines -- 5. The 6301 microprocessor -- Basic concepts -- to machine architecture -- programming the 6301 -- interrupts -- the real-time clock -- 6. Assembly language -- Why use machine/assembly language? an assembler -- other assemblers -- storing machine code into memory -- using the Monitor as a learning tool -- assembly language coding hints -- sample program -- 7. Forth -- An introduction to the language -- description of HCCS Forth -- 8. Communications -- The why of data communications -- The how of data communications -- 9. Word processing -- Word processing on the HX-20 -- Ffosswriter -- SkiWriter -- Intext -- Other WP/Editing programs -- 10. Inventory/stock tracking -- What to look for in an inventory system -- available inventory software -- bar code readers and software -- technical information on bar codes -- bar code printing program -- 11. Software and systems -- Packaged software and systems from the US, UK and Australia -- 12. Peripherals -- Different peripherals available: what they do, how they connect, where to get them -- 13. Operating tips -- Appendix A: Vendor List -- Where to go to buy software, hardware, supplies -- Appendix B: Where to go for more information Magazines -- Magazines, newsletters, user’s groups -- Appendix C: Portable Computer Manufacturers -- Appendix D: System Reference -- Appendix E: Computer Terminology -- Glossary of the familiar but different, as well as the totally unfamiliar.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4862-4
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  • 31
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    Physiological Ecology of North American Plant Communities (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948303
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 The historical development of physiological plant ecology1.1 The beginnings -- 1.2 The 19th century -- 1.3 The spread of physiological ecology to North America -- 1.4 The middle decades -- 1.5 The post-war revival of physiological ecology -- 1.6 Some thoughts about the future of physiological ecology -- References -- 2 Arctic -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Environment -- 2.3 Vegetation and growth forms -- 2.4 Phenology and growth -- 2.5 Photosynthesis and respiration -- 2.6 Water relations -- 2.7 Mobile carbon pools -- 2.8 Nutrient absorption, storage, and loss -- 2.9 Allocation -- 2.10 Reproduction -- 2.11 Summary -- References -- 3 Alpine -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Environment -- 3.3 Floristics -- 3.4 Plant communities and environmental gradients -- 3.5 Seed germination and seedling establishment -- 3.6 Growth forms and plant growth -- 3.7 Plant phenology and growth -- 3.8 Physiological responses -- 3.9 Timberline -- 3.10 The role of snow -- 3.11 Summary -- References -- 4 Taiga -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Vegetation zones of the taiga -- 4.3 Environment -- 4.4 Growth forms and phenology -- 4.5 Controls on carbon balance -- 4.6 Temperature response -- 4.7 Light response -- 4.8 Water stress -- 4.9 Nutrient relations -- 4.10 Production -- 4.11 Causes of timberline -- 4.12 Fire ecology -- 4.13 Establishment and reproduction -- 4.14 Succession -- 4.15 Summary and research needs -- References -- 5 Western montane forests -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Environment -- 5.3 Ecophysiology -- 5.4 Summary and perspectives -- References -- 6 Coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Community structure -- 6.3 Physiological characteristics and responses -- 6.4 Tree structure -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Annuals and perennials of warm deserts -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The physical environment -- 7.3 Phenology and life cycle adaptations -- 7.4 Leaf and canopy adaptations -- 7.5 Photosynthetic and water relations adaptations -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8 Desert succulents -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Water relations -- 8.3 CO2 uptake and acidity changes -- 8.4 Thermal relations -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Cold desert -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Photosynthesis in the cold desert environment -- 9.3 The moisture constraint -- 9.4 The salinity constraint -- 9.5 Carbon balance of cold desert shrubs -- 9.6 Nitrogen -- 9.7 Summary: stress in the cold desert -- References -- 10 Chaparral -- 10.1 Extent and general character -- 10.2 Early ecological studies -- 10.3 Environmental rhythms -- 10.4 Growth forms and vegetation rhythms -- 10.5 Water balance -- 10.6 Carbon balance -- 10.7 Nutrient balance -- 10.8 Fire ecology -- 10.9 Summary -- References -- 11 Grasslands -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Plant response to environmental conditions -- 11.3 Summary -- References -- 12 Deciduous forest -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Geography and vegetation -- 12.3 Forest structure -- 12.4 Plant response to seasonal environments -- 12.5 Other periodic stresses -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- 13 Tropical and subtropical forests -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Distribution of tropical and subtropical forests -- 13.3 Physiological ecology of tropical and subtropical forest species -- 13.4 Physiological ecology of Hawaiian forest species -- 13.5 Summary -- References -- 14 Marine beach and dune plant communities -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Light and temperature -- 14.3 Water relations -- 14.4 Salt spray -- 14.5 Soil salinity -- 14.6 Soil nutrients -- 14.7 Sand movement -- 14.8 Deductions from floristic analyses -- 14.9 Summary -- References -- 15 Coastal marshes -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Environmental stress -- 15.3 Plant responses and adaptations -- 15.4 Ecosystem properties affected by plant ecophysiology -- 15.5 Management implications -- 15.6 Conclusions and future research needs -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4830-3
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  • 32
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    Dwelling, Place and Environment : Towards a Phenomenology of Person and World (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401092517
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Springer eBook Collection
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Architecture
    Kurzfassung: 1. Dwelling, place and environment: An introduction -- I. Beginnings and directions -- 2. Geographical experiences and being-in-the-world: The phenomenological origins of geography -- 3. The quest for authenticity and the replication of environmental meaning -- 4. Language and the emergence of the environment -- 5. Place, body and situation -- II. Environment and place -- 6. Acoustic space -- 7. Bound to the environment: Towards a phenomenology of sightlessness -- 8. Towards revealing the sense of place: An intuitive “reading” of four Dalmatian towns -- 9. The circle and the cross: Loric and sacred space in the holy wells of Ireland -- 10. Many dwellings: Views of a Pueblo world -- 11. A phenomenological approach to architecture and its teaching in the design studio -- III. Place and dwelling -- 12. The dwelling door: Towards a phenomenology of transition -- 13. Body, house and city: The intertwinings of embodiment, inhabitation and civilization -- 14. Reconciling old and new worlds: The dwelling-journey relationship as portrayed in Vilhelm Moberg’s “Emigrant” novels -- 15. The role of spiritual discipline in learning to dwell on earth -- IV. Discovering wholes -- 16. Nature, water symbols and the human quest for wholeness -- 17. Counterfeit and authentic wholes: Finding a means for dwelling in nature -- The contributors.
    Kurzfassung: themes among the essays resurface and resonate. Though our request for essays was broad and open-ended, we found that topics such as seeing, authenticity, interpretation, wholeness, care, and dwelling ran as undercur­ rents throughout. Our major hope is that each essay plays a part in revealing a larger whole of meaning which says much about a more humane relation­ ship with places, environments and the earth as our home. Part I. Beginnings and directions At the start, we recognize the tremendous debt this volume owes to philosopher Martin Heidegger (1890-1976), whose ontological excavations into the nature of human existence and meaning provide the philosophical foundations for many of the essays, particularly those in Part I of the volume. Above all else, Heidegger was regarded by his students and colleagues as a master teacher. He not only thought deeply but was also able to show others how to think and to question. Since he, perhaps more than anyone else in this century, provides the instruction for dOing a phenomenology and hermeneutic of humanity's existential situation, he is seminal for phenomenological and hermeneutical research in the environmental disci­ plines. He presents in his writings what conventional scholarly work, especially the scientific approach, lacks; he helps us to evoke and under­ stand things through a method that allows them to come forth as they are; he provides a new way to speak about and care for our human nature and environment.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Dwelling, place and environment: An introductionI. Beginnings and directions -- 2. Geographical experiences and being-in-the-world: The phenomenological origins of geography -- 3. The quest for authenticity and the replication of environmental meaning -- 4. Language and the emergence of the environment -- 5. Place, body and situation -- II. Environment and place -- 6. Acoustic space -- 7. Bound to the environment: Towards a phenomenology of sightlessness -- 8. Towards revealing the sense of place: An intuitive “reading” of four Dalmatian towns -- 9. The circle and the cross: Loric and sacred space in the holy wells of Ireland -- 10. Many dwellings: Views of a Pueblo world -- 11. A phenomenological approach to architecture and its teaching in the design studio -- III. Place and dwelling -- 12. The dwelling door: Towards a phenomenology of transition -- 13. Body, house and city: The intertwinings of embodiment, inhabitation and civilization -- 14. Reconciling old and new worlds: The dwelling-journey relationship as portrayed in Vilhelm Moberg’s “Emigrant” novels -- 15. The role of spiritual discipline in learning to dwell on earth -- IV. Discovering wholes -- 16. Nature, water symbols and the human quest for wholeness -- 17. Counterfeit and authentic wholes: Finding a means for dwelling in nature -- The contributors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9251-7
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  • 33
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    Justice, Law and Culture (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401094498
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: One. The Theory of Justice -- I The Problem of Justice -- II Justice and Legal Theory -- III Empirical Evidence from the Administration of Justice -- IV Empirical Evidence from Injustice -- V A Definition of Justice Explained and Defended -- VI Theoretical Evidence from Ethics and Morality -- Two. The Theory of Law -- VII The Law: Origins and Development -- VIII The Legal System -- IX Morality -- X Human Needs, Morality and the Law -- XI Institutions, Law and Morals -- XII The State as Legal Custodian -- XIII The Operation of Law -- XIV How the Law is Corrupted -- XV The Specific Laws -- XVI The Metaphysics of Law -- Appendix Rival Theories of Justice -- XVII Some Ancient Theories of Justice -- XVIII Some Traditional Theories of Justice -- XIX Some Recent Theories of Justice -- XX Some Contemporary Theories of Justice.
    Kurzfassung: The following pages contain a theory of justice and a theory of law. Justice will be defined as the demand for a system of laws, and law as an established regulation which applies equally throughout a society and is backed by force. The demand for a system of laws is met by means of a legal system. The theory will have to include what the system and the laws are in­ tended to regulate. The reference is to all men and their possessions in a going concern. In the past all such theories have been discussed only in terms of society, justice as applicable to society and the laws promul­ gated within it. However, men and their societies are not the whole story: in recent centuries artifacts have played an increasingly important role. To leave them out of all consideration in the theory would be to leave the theory itself incomplete and even distorted. For the key conception ought to be one not of society but of culture. Society is an organization of men but culture is something more. I define culture (civilization has often been employed as a synonym) as an organization of men together with their material possessions. Such possessions consist in artifacts: material objects which have been altered through human agency in order to reduce human needs. The makers of the artifacts are altered by them. Men have their possessions together, and this objectifies and consolidates the culture.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One. The Theory of JusticeI The Problem of Justice -- II Justice and Legal Theory -- III Empirical Evidence from the Administration of Justice -- IV Empirical Evidence from Injustice -- V A Definition of Justice Explained and Defended -- VI Theoretical Evidence from Ethics and Morality -- Two. The Theory of Law -- VII The Law: Origins and Development -- VIII The Legal System -- IX Morality -- X Human Needs, Morality and the Law -- XI Institutions, Law and Morals -- XII The State as Legal Custodian -- XIII The Operation of Law -- XIV How the Law is Corrupted -- XV The Specific Laws -- XVI The Metaphysics of Law -- Appendix Rival Theories of Justice -- XVII Some Ancient Theories of Justice -- XVIII Some Traditional Theories of Justice -- XIX Some Recent Theories of Justice -- XX Some Contemporary Theories of Justice.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9449-8
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  • 34
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    Rock Mechanics : For Underground Mining (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401165013
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Rock mechanics and mining engineering -- 2 Stress and infinitesimal strain -- 3 Rock mass structure -- 4 Rock strength and deformability -- 5 Pre-mining state of stress -- 6 Methods of stress analysis -- 7 Excavation design in massive elastic rock -- 8 Excavation design in stratified rock -- 9 Excavation design in jointed rock -- 10 Energy changes accompanying underground mining -- 11 Rock support and reinforcement -- 12 Mining methods and method selection -- 13 Naturally supported mining methods -- 14 Artificially supported mining methods -- 15 Longwall and caving mining methods -- 16 Mining-induced surface subsidence -- 17 Blasting mechanics -- 18 Monitoring rock mass performance -- Appendix 1 Basic constructions using the hemispherical projection -- A1.1 Projection of a line -- A1.2 Projection of the great circle and pole to a plane -- A1.3 Determination of the line of intersection of two planes -- A1.4 Determination of the angle between two lines in a plane -- A1.5 Determination of dip direction and true dip -- A1.6 Rotation about an inclined axis -- Appendix 2 Stresses and displacements induced by point and infinite line loads in an infinite, isotropic, elastic continuum -- A2.1 A point load (the Kelvin equations) -- A2.2 An infinite line load -- Appendix 3 Calculation sequences for rock-support interaction analysis -- A3.1 Scope -- A3.2 Required support line calculations -- A3.3 Available support line calculations -- Appendix 4 Limiting equilibrium analysis of progressive hangingwall caving -- A4.1 Derivation of equations -- A4.2 Calculation sequence -- Answers to problems -- References.
    Kurzfassung: Rock mechanics is a field of applied science which has become recognised as a coherent engineering discipline within the last two decades. It consists of a body of knowledge of the mechanical properties of rock, various techniques for the analysis of rock stress under some imposed perturbation, a set of established principles expressing rock mass response to load, and a logical methodology for applying these notions and techniques to real physical prob­ lems. Some of the areas where application of rock mechanics concepts have been demonstrated to be of industrial value include surface and subsurface construction, mining and other methods of mineral recovery, geothermal energy recovery and subsurface hazardous waste isolation. In many cases, the pressures of industrial demand for rigour and precision in project or process design have led to rapid evolution of the engineering discipline, and general improvement in its basis in both the geosciences and engineering mechanics. An intellectual commitment in some outstanding research centres to the proper development of rock mechanics has now resulted in a capacity for engineering design in rock not conceivable two decades ago. Mining engineering is an obvious candidate for application of rock mechanics principles in the design of excavations generated by mineral extrac­ tion. A primary concern in mining operations, either on surface or underground, is loosely termed 'ground control', i. e.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Rock mechanics and mining engineering2 Stress and infinitesimal strain -- 3 Rock mass structure -- 4 Rock strength and deformability -- 5 Pre-mining state of stress -- 6 Methods of stress analysis -- 7 Excavation design in massive elastic rock -- 8 Excavation design in stratified rock -- 9 Excavation design in jointed rock -- 10 Energy changes accompanying underground mining -- 11 Rock support and reinforcement -- 12 Mining methods and method selection -- 13 Naturally supported mining methods -- 14 Artificially supported mining methods -- 15 Longwall and caving mining methods -- 16 Mining-induced surface subsidence -- 17 Blasting mechanics -- 18 Monitoring rock mass performance -- Appendix 1 Basic constructions using the hemispherical projection -- A1.1 Projection of a line -- A1.2 Projection of the great circle and pole to a plane -- A1.3 Determination of the line of intersection of two planes -- A1.4 Determination of the angle between two lines in a plane -- A1.5 Determination of dip direction and true dip -- A1.6 Rotation about an inclined axis -- Appendix 2 Stresses and displacements induced by point and infinite line loads in an infinite, isotropic, elastic continuum -- A2.1 A point load (the Kelvin equations) -- A2.2 An infinite line load -- Appendix 3 Calculation sequences for rock-support interaction analysis -- A3.1 Scope -- A3.2 Required support line calculations -- A3.3 Available support line calculations -- Appendix 4 Limiting equilibrium analysis of progressive hangingwall caving -- A4.1 Derivation of equations -- A4.2 Calculation sequence -- Answers to problems -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6501-3
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  • 35
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    Flat-Panel Displays and CRTs (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170628
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical/Computer Science and Engineering Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 History of Electronics for Displays -- 1.2 Electronic Displays -- 1.3 Display Classifications -- 1.4 Display Nomenclature -- 1.5 Classification Nomenclature -- 1.6 Picture Element or Pixel -- 1.7 Display Array -- 1.8 Addressing -- 1.9 Display Device Development -- 1.10 Multidiscipline -- 1.11 Technology Impetus -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- 2. System Requirements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 System Classification -- 2.3 Display Installation Classification -- 2.4 Display Functional Classification -- 2.5 Systems Constraints -- 2.6 Display Subsystems -- 2.7 Transillumination -- 2.8 Photometry -- References -- 3. The Visual System: Capabilities and Limitations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Anatomy of the Visual System -- 3.3 Spatial Vision -- 3.4 Temporal Vision -- 3.5 Color Vision -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4. Image Quality: Measures and Visual Performance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Modulation Transfer Function -- 4.3 Pixel Error Measures -- 4.4 MTF-Based Measures of Image Quality -- 4.5 Pixel Error Measures of Image Quality -- 4.6 An Empirical Image Quality Model -- 4.7 Problems in Image Quality Measurement -- 4.8 Concepts Related to Image Quality -- References -- 5. Flat-Panel Display Design Issues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Power Efficiency -- 5.3 Addressability -- 5.4 Duty Factor -- 5.5 Gray Scale -- 5.6 Color -- 5.7 Cost -- 5.8 Intrinsic Electronic Display Drive -- 5.9 Extrinsic Electronic Display Addressing -- References for Section 5.9.2 -- 6. The Challenge of the Cathode-Ray Tube -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Historical Origins of the CRT -- 6.3 Basic CRT Design and Operation -- 6.4 Electron-Optic Regions of the CRT -- 6.5 Limitations on Electron-Gun Performance -- 6.6 The Viewing System -- 6.7 CRT Resolution and Contrast -- 6.8 The Life of the CRT -- 6.9 Applications and Types of CRTs -- 6.10 Driving the CRT -- 6.11 Overview of CRT Performance -- Reference -- 7. Flat Cathode-Ray Tube Display -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Motivation and Goals -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Functional and Technical Discriptions -- 7.5 Cathodes for the Flat CRTs -- 7.6 Beam Positioning and Modulation Techniques -- 7.7 Brightness-Enhancement Techniques -- 7.8 Phosphor Screens -- 7.9 Vacuum Envelope and Processing Techniques -- 7.10 Technical Achievements -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8. Electroluminescent Displays -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History -- 8.3 Theory of Operation -- 8.4 AC Thin-Film EL -- 8.5 AC Powder EL -- 8.6 DC Powder EL -- 8.7 DC Thin-Film EL -- 8.8 Luminous Efficiency -- 8.9 Conclusion 281 References -- 9. Light-Emitting Diode Displays -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 History of LED Display Devices -- 9.3 Basic LED Technology -- 9.4 LED Performance-State of the Art -- 9.5 LED Display Devices -- 9.6 LED Performance Parameters -- 9.7 Materials and Processes -- 9.8 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Plasma Displays -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 History -- 10.3 Basic Electro-Optical Characteristics of the Gas Discharge -- 10.4 Gas-Discharge Physics -- 10.5 Current-Limiting Techniques -- 10.6 DC Plasma Displays -- 10.7 AC Plasma Displays -- 10.8 Hybrid AC-DC Plasma Displays -- 10.9 Image Displays -- 10.10 Hybrid Plasma-CRT -- 10.11 Fabrication of Plasma Displays -- 10.12 Future of Plasma Displays -- References -- 11. Nonemissive Displays -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Liquid-Crystal Phase -- 11.3 LCD Configurations -- 11.4 Intrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.5 Extrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.6 Electrochromic Displays -- 11.7 Colloidal Displays -- 11.8 Electroactive Solids -- 11.9 Electromechanical Displays -- 11.10 Conclusion -- References.
    Kurzfassung: Flat-Panel Displays and CRTs, a review of electronic information display devices, is the first sys­ tematic and comprehensive coverage of the subject. It is intended to distill our wealth of knowledge of flat-panel displays and CRTs from their beginnings to the present state of the art. Historical perspective, theory of operation, and specific applications are all thoroughly covered. The field of display engineering is a multidisciplined technical pursuit with the result that its individual disciplines suffer from a lack of communications and limited perspective. Many previ­ ously developed standards for, and general understanding of, one technology are often inappro­ priate for another. Care has been taken here to document the old, incorporate the new, and emphasize commonalities. Criteria for performance have been standardized to enable an expert in one display technology, such as liquid crystals, to compare his device performance with that offered by another technology, such as electroluminescence. This book has been written with a second purpose in mind, to wit, to be the vehicle by means of which a new scientist or engineer can be introduced into the display society. It is organized to be tutorial for use in instructional situations. The first chapters begin with first principles and defini­ tions; the middle chapters set out requirements and criteria; and the last chapters give a complete description of each major technology.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction1.1 History of Electronics for Displays -- 1.2 Electronic Displays -- 1.3 Display Classifications -- 1.4 Display Nomenclature -- 1.5 Classification Nomenclature -- 1.6 Picture Element or Pixel -- 1.7 Display Array -- 1.8 Addressing -- 1.9 Display Device Development -- 1.10 Multidiscipline -- 1.11 Technology Impetus -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- 2. System Requirements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 System Classification -- 2.3 Display Installation Classification -- 2.4 Display Functional Classification -- 2.5 Systems Constraints -- 2.6 Display Subsystems -- 2.7 Transillumination -- 2.8 Photometry -- References -- 3. The Visual System: Capabilities and Limitations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Anatomy of the Visual System -- 3.3 Spatial Vision -- 3.4 Temporal Vision -- 3.5 Color Vision -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4. Image Quality: Measures and Visual Performance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Modulation Transfer Function -- 4.3 Pixel Error Measures -- 4.4 MTF-Based Measures of Image Quality -- 4.5 Pixel Error Measures of Image Quality -- 4.6 An Empirical Image Quality Model -- 4.7 Problems in Image Quality Measurement -- 4.8 Concepts Related to Image Quality -- References -- 5. Flat-Panel Display Design Issues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Power Efficiency -- 5.3 Addressability -- 5.4 Duty Factor -- 5.5 Gray Scale -- 5.6 Color -- 5.7 Cost -- 5.8 Intrinsic Electronic Display Drive -- 5.9 Extrinsic Electronic Display Addressing -- References for Section 5.9.2 -- 6. The Challenge of the Cathode-Ray Tube -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Historical Origins of the CRT -- 6.3 Basic CRT Design and Operation -- 6.4 Electron-Optic Regions of the CRT -- 6.5 Limitations on Electron-Gun Performance -- 6.6 The Viewing System -- 6.7 CRT Resolution and Contrast -- 6.8 The Life of the CRT -- 6.9 Applications and Types of CRTs -- 6.10 Driving the CRT -- 6.11 Overview of CRT Performance -- Reference -- 7. Flat Cathode-Ray Tube Display -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Motivation and Goals -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Functional and Technical Discriptions -- 7.5 Cathodes for the Flat CRTs -- 7.6 Beam Positioning and Modulation Techniques -- 7.7 Brightness-Enhancement Techniques -- 7.8 Phosphor Screens -- 7.9 Vacuum Envelope and Processing Techniques -- 7.10 Technical Achievements -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8. Electroluminescent Displays -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History -- 8.3 Theory of Operation -- 8.4 AC Thin-Film EL -- 8.5 AC Powder EL -- 8.6 DC Powder EL -- 8.7 DC Thin-Film EL -- 8.8 Luminous Efficiency -- 8.9 Conclusion 281 References -- 9. Light-Emitting Diode Displays -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 History of LED Display Devices -- 9.3 Basic LED Technology -- 9.4 LED Performance-State of the Art -- 9.5 LED Display Devices -- 9.6 LED Performance Parameters -- 9.7 Materials and Processes -- 9.8 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Plasma Displays -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 History -- 10.3 Basic Electro-Optical Characteristics of the Gas Discharge -- 10.4 Gas-Discharge Physics -- 10.5 Current-Limiting Techniques -- 10.6 DC Plasma Displays -- 10.7 AC Plasma Displays -- 10.8 Hybrid AC-DC Plasma Displays -- 10.9 Image Displays -- 10.10 Hybrid Plasma-CRT -- 10.11 Fabrication of Plasma Displays -- 10.12 Future of Plasma Displays -- References -- 11. Nonemissive Displays -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Liquid-Crystal Phase -- 11.3 LCD Configurations -- 11.4 Intrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.5 Extrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.6 Electrochromic Displays -- 11.7 Colloidal Displays -- 11.8 Electroactive Solids -- 11.9 Electromechanical Displays -- 11.10 Conclusion -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7062-8
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    Feedback and Motor Control in Invertebrates and Vertebrates (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170840
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Section 1: Organisation of Motor Systems1 Introduction -- 2 Central feedback loops and some implications for motor control -- 3 Neural control of vertebrate locomotion-central mechanisms and reflex interaction with special reference to the cat -- 4 Generation of behaviour: the orchestration hypothesis -- 5 Convergence of several sensory modalities in motor control -- 6 Feedback control of an escape behaviour -- Section 2: Central Control of Sense Organ Excitability -- 7 Introduction -- 8 Intrafusal muscle fibres in the cat and their motor control -- 9 How do crabs control their muscle receptors? -- Section 3: Afferent Input During Normal Movements -- 10 Introduction -- 11 What the cat’s hind limb tells the cat’s spinal cord -- 12 Proprioceptive feedback and the control of cockroach walking -- Section 4: Reflexes -- 13 Introduction -- 14 Stretch reflexes in man: the significance of tendon compliance -- 15 The synaptic basis for integration of local reflexes in the locust -- Section 5: The Control of Equilibrium -- 16 Introduction -- 17 Control of eye-head coordination by brain stem neurones -- 18 Multisensory interactions in the crustacean equilibrium system -- Section 6: The Control of Movement -- 19 Introduction -- 20 Are there central pattern generators for walking and flight in insects? -- 21 The role of movement-related feedback in the control of locomotion in fish and lamprey -- 22 How locusts fly straight -- 23 Interactions of segmental and suprasegmental inputs with the spinal pattern generator of locomotion -- 24 Stepping reflexes and the sensory control of walking in Crustacea -- Section 7: Feedback and Motor Control in Man -- 25 Introduction -- 26 Proprioceptive activity from human finger muscles -- 27 Human long-latency stretch reflexes - a new role for the secondary ending of the muscle spindle? -- 28 Phase dependent step adaptations during human locomotion -- 29 Abnormal feedback and movement disorders in man, with particular reference to cortical myoclonus -- Author index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7084-0
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    The Soviet System of Justice: Figures and Policy (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401769945
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 374 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law in Eastern Europe
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Criminology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6994-5
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  • 38
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    Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948327
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: Nomenclature of Amino Acids -- The Protein Amino Acids -- Beta and Higher Homologous Amino Acids -- The Non-Protein Amino Acids -- Metabolic and Pharmacological Studies -- The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Plants -- Enzyme Inhibition by Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Protected Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis -- Resolution of Amino Acids -- Reactions of Amino Acids -- Degradation of Amino Acids Accompanying in vitro Protein Hydrolysis -- Racemization of Amino Acids -- Ion-Exchange Separation of Amino Acids -- Liquid Chromatography of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Mass Spectrometry of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- The Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Amino Acids -- Physical Properties of Amino Acid Solutions -- X-Ray Crystal Structures of Amino Acids and Selected Derivatives.
    Kurzfassung: Amino acids are featured in course syllabuses and in project and research work over a wide spectrum of subject areas in chemistry and biology. Chemists and biochemists using amino acids have many common needs when they turn to the literature for comprehensive information. Among these common interests, analytical studies, in particular, have undergone rapid development in recent years. All other chemical and biochemical aspects of amino acids - synthesis, properties and reactions, preparation of derivatives for use in peptide synthesis, racemization and other fundamental mechanistic knowledge - have been the subject of vigorous progress. This book offers a thorough treatment of all these developing areas, and is structured in the belief that biochemists, physiologists and others will profit from access to information on topics such as the physical chemistry of amino acid solutions, as well as from thorough coverage of amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis and enzyme inhibition; and that chemists will find relevant material in biological areas as well as in the analysis, synthesis and reactions of amino acids.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Nomenclature of Amino AcidsThe Protein Amino Acids -- Beta and Higher Homologous Amino Acids -- The Non-Protein Amino Acids -- Metabolic and Pharmacological Studies -- The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Plants -- Enzyme Inhibition by Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Protected Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis -- Resolution of Amino Acids -- Reactions of Amino Acids -- Degradation of Amino Acids Accompanying in vitro Protein Hydrolysis -- Racemization of Amino Acids -- Ion-Exchange Separation of Amino Acids -- Liquid Chromatography of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Mass Spectrometry of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- The Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Amino Acids -- Physical Properties of Amino Acid Solutions -- X-Ray Crystal Structures of Amino Acids and Selected Derivatives.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4832-7
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  • 39
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    Chromatographic Methods (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400940932
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to chromatography -- 1.2 Historical aspects of chromatography -- 1.3 Classification of chromatographic methods -- References -- 2 Theoretical considerations -- 2.1 Factors influencing retention -- 2.2 Theory of separations and retention characteristics -- 2.3 Column efficiency -- 2.4 Band broadening -- 2.5 Resolution -- 2.6 Quantitation in chromatography -- References -- 3 Plane chromatography -- 3.1 Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -- 3.2 Paper chromatography (PC) -- 3.3 Electrophoresis -- References -- 4 Liquid phase chromatography on open columns -- 4.1 Practical aspects/considerations -- 4.2 Modes of chromatography -- 4.3 Adsorption chromatography -- 4.4 Partition column chromatography -- 4.5 Ion-exchange chromatography -- 4.6 Salting out chromatography -- 4.7 Inorganic ion-exchangers -- 4.8 Liquid ion-exchangers -- 4.9 Gel ion-exchangers -- 4.10 Gel chromatography -- 4.11 Affinity chromatography -- 4.12 Covalent chromatography -- 4.13 Chromatofocusing -- References -- 5 Gas chromatography (GC) -- 5.1 Principles of GC -- 5.2 GC instrumentation -- 5.3 Sampling techniques -- 5.4 The column and column oven -- 5.5 Detectors for GC -- 5.6 Capillary column gas chromatography -- 5.7 Applications of GC -- 5.8 Gas-solid chromatography -- References -- 6 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- 6.1 Modes of chromatography -- 6.2 Overview of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.3 Theory -- 6.4 Detailed discussion of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.5 Column packings and stationary phases for LC -- 6.6 Adsorption chromatography -- 6.7 Liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLC) -- 6.8 Chemically-bonded stationary phases (BP) for HPLC -- 6.9 Chiral stationary phases -- 6.10 Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) -- 6.11 Ion pairing -- 6.12 Size exclusion chromatography -- 6.13 LC method development -- 6.14 Quantitative analysis -- 6.15 Preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) -- 6.16 Microcolumns in liquid chromatography -- 6.17 Applications of HPLC -- References -- 7 Spectroscopic techniques and chromatography -- 7.1 Chromatographic requirements -- 7.2 Mass spectroscopy-chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, HPLC-MS) -- 7.3 Infrared spectrophotometry -- 7.4 UV-visible spectrophotometry -- 7.5 Atomic spectroscopy -- References -- 8 Processing of chromatographic data -- 8.1 Methods of recording the chromatographic signal -- 8.2 Data collection and processing -- References -- 9 Model experiments in chromatographic techniques -- 9.1 List of experiments -- 9.2 Section A. Paper chromatography -- 9.3 Section B. Electrophoresis and related techniques -- 9.4 Section C. Thin-layer chromatography -- 9.5 Section D. Column chromatography -- 9.6 Section E. Gas chromatography -- 9.7 Section F. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- References.
    Kurzfassung: In recent years the techniques of chromatography have progressed rapidly. However, the aims and objectives of the First Edition, as quoted below, are just as relevant today as they undoubtedly were in 1963. 'The various methods of separating mixtures which are grouped under the general name chromatography are now well known and widely used. Since the inception of chromatography as a column technique in 1903, the principal landmarks in its progress have been its virtual rediscovery in the 1930s, the invention of synthetic resins in 1935, the introduction of paper chromatography in the early 1940s and finally, the development of gas solid and gas liquid chromatography in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Subsequent expansion in the use of chromatographic methods has been rapid and continuous, with the result that in the last 15 years a substantial volume of literature on the subject has appeared, dealing not only with particular separations but also in much specific detail with improvements in technique.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction to chromatography -- 1.2 Historical aspects of chromatography -- 1.3 Classification of chromatographic methods -- References -- 2 Theoretical considerations -- 2.1 Factors influencing retention -- 2.2 Theory of separations and retention characteristics -- 2.3 Column efficiency -- 2.4 Band broadening -- 2.5 Resolution -- 2.6 Quantitation in chromatography -- References -- 3 Plane chromatography -- 3.1 Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -- 3.2 Paper chromatography (PC) -- 3.3 Electrophoresis -- References -- 4 Liquid phase chromatography on open columns -- 4.1 Practical aspects/considerations -- 4.2 Modes of chromatography -- 4.3 Adsorption chromatography -- 4.4 Partition column chromatography -- 4.5 Ion-exchange chromatography -- 4.6 Salting out chromatography -- 4.7 Inorganic ion-exchangers -- 4.8 Liquid ion-exchangers -- 4.9 Gel ion-exchangers -- 4.10 Gel chromatography -- 4.11 Affinity chromatography -- 4.12 Covalent chromatography -- 4.13 Chromatofocusing -- References -- 5 Gas chromatography (GC) -- 5.1 Principles of GC -- 5.2 GC instrumentation -- 5.3 Sampling techniques -- 5.4 The column and column oven -- 5.5 Detectors for GC -- 5.6 Capillary column gas chromatography -- 5.7 Applications of GC -- 5.8 Gas-solid chromatography -- References -- 6 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- 6.1 Modes of chromatography -- 6.2 Overview of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.3 Theory -- 6.4 Detailed discussion of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.5 Column packings and stationary phases for LC -- 6.6 Adsorption chromatography -- 6.7 Liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLC) -- 6.8 Chemically-bonded stationary phases (BP) for HPLC -- 6.9 Chiral stationary phases -- 6.10 Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) -- 6.11 Ion pairing -- 6.12 Size exclusion chromatography -- 6.13 LC method development -- 6.14 Quantitative analysis -- 6.15 Preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) -- 6.16 Microcolumns in liquid chromatography -- 6.17 Applications of HPLC -- References -- 7 Spectroscopic techniques and chromatography -- 7.1 Chromatographic requirements -- 7.2 Mass spectroscopy-chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, HPLC-MS) -- 7.3 Infrared spectrophotometry -- 7.4 UV-visible spectrophotometry -- 7.5 Atomic spectroscopy -- References -- 8 Processing of chromatographic data -- 8.1 Methods of recording the chromatographic signal -- 8.2 Data collection and processing -- References -- 9 Model experiments in chromatographic techniques -- 9.1 List of experiments -- 9.2 Section A. Paper chromatography -- 9.3 Section B. Electrophoresis and related techniques -- 9.4 Section C. Thin-layer chromatography -- 9.5 Section D. Column chromatography -- 9.6 Section E. Gas chromatography -- 9.7 Section F. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4093-2
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  • 40
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    In-Circuit Testing (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170093
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Understanding the Production Fault Sources -- 1.1. Component Fault Sources -- 1.2. Manufacturing Fault Sources -- 1.3. Performance Fault Sources -- 1.4. Manufacturability -- 1.5. PCB Fault Spectrum -- 1.6. Defective PCB Investigation -- 1.7. Future Fault Distribution -- 2. Automatic Test Equipment for Production Test -- 2.1. In-House Test Systems -- 2.2. Commercial Testers -- 2.3. Loaded-Board Testing Trends -- 2.4. Tester’s Fault Coverage -- 2.5. Fault Coverage and Test Programming -- 2.6. Test Diagnostics -- 2.7. Unverifiable Faults -- 2.8. Failures at System Test -- 2.9. Cost of Testing -- 3. Production PCB Test System Comparison -- 3.1. In-Circuit and Functional Board Tester Comparison -- 3.2. In Circuit and Functional Board Tester Summary -- 3.3. Comparison of In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester -- 3.4. In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester Summary -- 3.5. Low-Cost ATE -- 4. PCB Production Test Strategies -- 4.1. Test Strategies -- 4.2. Medium-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.3. High-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.4. PCB Test Strategy Evaluation -- 5. The Rework Station and Networking -- 5.1. The Rework Station -- 5.2. Rework Effectiveness -- 5.3. Paperless Repair System -- 5.4. Computer-Aided Repair -- 5.5. Networking -- 5.6. Test Area Management System -- 6. In-Circuit Testing Philosophy -- 6.1. UUT Fixture Verification -- 6.2. Shorts Opens Test -- 6.3. Analog Measurement -- 6.4. Analog Testing -- 6.5. Operational Amplifiers -- 6.6. Analog Testing Summary -- 6.7. Device Orientation -- 6.8. Digital Testing -- 6.9. Test Program Preparation -- 6.10. IEEE-488 Instrumentation -- 7. In-Circuit Tester -- 7.1. Computer Subsystem -- 7.2. Switching and Measurement Subsystem -- 7.3. UUT Interface Subsystem -- 7.4. Generic In-Circuit Tester -- 7.5. Operating Software -- 7.6. Test Executive -- 7.7. Test Programming -- 7.8. Test Programming Station -- 7.9. Bare-Board Shorts and Continuity Tester -- 7.10. Test Fixture Systems -- 7.11. PCB Layout Guidelines for Testability -- 8. In-Circuit Testers for Service and Repair -- 8.1. Service Repair Strategies -- 8.2. Service Problems -- 8.3. Board Float -- 8.4. Board Mix -- 8.5. Fault Spectrum -- 8.6. PCB Population -- 8.7. Test Requirements -- 8.8. Capital Expenditure -- 8.9. Service ATE Requirements -- 8.10. Functional and In-Circuit Comparison -- 8.11. Functional and In-Circuit Summary -- 8.12. Generic Service In-Circuit Tester -- 9. In-Circuit Tester Evaluation -- 9.1. Preparation for Vendor Investigation -- 9.2. Company Evaluation -- 9.3. Test Program Software -- 9.4. Operating System Software -- 9.5. Test System Hardware -- 9.6. Vendor Support -- 9.7. Ratio Evaluation -- 10. Financial Justification -- 10.1. Production In-Circuit Tester -- 10.2. Service In-Circuit Tester -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this text is to increase your understanding of the methods employed for improving the quality of printed circuit boards (PCBs) in a practical manufacturing environment, by discussing printed circuit board faults and the test strategies implemented to detect these faults. This text emphasizes in-circuit testing as a prime test and diagnostic technique. Test strategies are described - implementing functional board testers, in-circuit board testers, in-circuit analyzers, and loaded­ board shorts testers. Also discussed are in-circuit tester's hardware, software, fix turing, and programming. Specific attention has been given to the in-circuit tester's capabilities and limitations, features and benefits, advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 5, as part of the total production testing process, discusses rework stations, network­ ing, and test area management. Chapter 8 is devoted to discussing the benefits derived by employing in-circuit testing in the service repair arena. This text concludes with chapters on vendor investiga­ tion and a financial justification. Additional emphasis is placed on having design engineering acquire an interest in manufacturability, testability, and the importance of consulting with manufacturing early in the design process. This book is designed for ease of reading and comprehension for all levels of interest: ATE students, fust-time ATE users, as well as those involved in test, manufacturing, quality control or assurance, production, engineering, and management.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Understanding the Production Fault Sources1.1. Component Fault Sources -- 1.2. Manufacturing Fault Sources -- 1.3. Performance Fault Sources -- 1.4. Manufacturability -- 1.5. PCB Fault Spectrum -- 1.6. Defective PCB Investigation -- 1.7. Future Fault Distribution -- 2. Automatic Test Equipment for Production Test -- 2.1. In-House Test Systems -- 2.2. Commercial Testers -- 2.3. Loaded-Board Testing Trends -- 2.4. Tester’s Fault Coverage -- 2.5. Fault Coverage and Test Programming -- 2.6. Test Diagnostics -- 2.7. Unverifiable Faults -- 2.8. Failures at System Test -- 2.9. Cost of Testing -- 3. Production PCB Test System Comparison -- 3.1. In-Circuit and Functional Board Tester Comparison -- 3.2. In Circuit and Functional Board Tester Summary -- 3.3. Comparison of In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester -- 3.4. In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester Summary -- 3.5. Low-Cost ATE -- 4. PCB Production Test Strategies -- 4.1. Test Strategies -- 4.2. Medium-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.3. High-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.4. PCB Test Strategy Evaluation -- 5. The Rework Station and Networking -- 5.1. The Rework Station -- 5.2. Rework Effectiveness -- 5.3. Paperless Repair System -- 5.4. Computer-Aided Repair -- 5.5. Networking -- 5.6. Test Area Management System -- 6. In-Circuit Testing Philosophy -- 6.1. UUT Fixture Verification -- 6.2. Shorts Opens Test -- 6.3. Analog Measurement -- 6.4. Analog Testing -- 6.5. Operational Amplifiers -- 6.6. Analog Testing Summary -- 6.7. Device Orientation -- 6.8. Digital Testing -- 6.9. Test Program Preparation -- 6.10. IEEE-488 Instrumentation -- 7. In-Circuit Tester -- 7.1. Computer Subsystem -- 7.2. Switching and Measurement Subsystem -- 7.3. UUT Interface Subsystem -- 7.4. Generic In-Circuit Tester -- 7.5. Operating Software -- 7.6. Test Executive -- 7.7. Test Programming -- 7.8. Test Programming Station -- 7.9. Bare-Board Shorts and Continuity Tester -- 7.10. Test Fixture Systems -- 7.11. PCB Layout Guidelines for Testability -- 8. In-Circuit Testers for Service and Repair -- 8.1. Service Repair Strategies -- 8.2. Service Problems -- 8.3. Board Float -- 8.4. Board Mix -- 8.5. Fault Spectrum -- 8.6. PCB Population -- 8.7. Test Requirements -- 8.8. Capital Expenditure -- 8.9. Service ATE Requirements -- 8.10. Functional and In-Circuit Comparison -- 8.11. Functional and In-Circuit Summary -- 8.12. Generic Service In-Circuit Tester -- 9. In-Circuit Tester Evaluation -- 9.1. Preparation for Vendor Investigation -- 9.2. Company Evaluation -- 9.3. Test Program Software -- 9.4. Operating System Software -- 9.5. Test System Hardware -- 9.6. Vendor Support -- 9.7. Ratio Evaluation -- 10. Financial Justification -- 10.1. Production In-Circuit Tester -- 10.2. Service In-Circuit Tester -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7009-3
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  • 41
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    A Geography of Public Relations Trends : Selected Proceedings of the 10th Public Relations World Congress “Between People and Power”, Amsterdam 3 - 7 June 1985 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401705752
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 494 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Phonology. ; Communication.
    Kurzfassung: one The state of the art -- 1 The state of the art -- two The flow of information -- 2 Coping with information -- 3 Global information: the right to communicate -- 4 Measuring PR effectiveness -- 5 Intermediating writing: a new language, a new approach -- 6 Information industry: the impact of electronics on PR -- 7 Journalism: gatekeeper or pontiff -- 8 Managing communication in government -- three Organizational communication -- 9 Internal communication for greater involvement -- 10 Communicating within a multinational -- 11 Corporate culture -- 12 Meetings as a tool of internal PR -- 13 Methods of internal communication -- 14 Employees relations: social auditing and motivation -- four Changes in society -- 15 Implications of social and technological changes -- 16 How professional PR may contribute to strategic leadership -- 17 A look at the future, an overview of PR in the nineties -- 18 A look at the future from the continents -- 19 Complexity in international relations -- 20 Survival of the individual in the information society -- 21 PR in crises -- 22 Competition, overlaps and interrelations between various disciplines -- 23 The role of PR in an organisation -- five The profession and its ethics -- 24 Reliability of the PR profession -- 25 Management and moral standards -- 26 Consultants and their code of conduct -- 27 Public relations ethics in practice -- six Trends in education -- 28 A report on the seminar -- 29 The scientific setting of PR -- 30 Theoretical and practical objectives in PR education -- 31 PR education at universities -- 32 A college model -- 33 A university model -- 34 The Berlin model -- 35 Didactics of the case-study method in PR curricula -- 36 Systematics in PR case-studies -- 37 Student participation in research projects -- seven Developments in public relations -- 38 Worldwide marketing trends -- 39 Lobbyists: the unelected lawmakers -- 40 Sponsoring sports and culture -- 41 Significance of minority forces -- 42 Role of women in PR -- 43 Selling a sell-out: PR for mergers -- 44 Planning information for financial communities -- 45 Emergence of soft values -- 46 Communicating with colleagues: the organisation of a PR congress -- 47 Speaking out for ourselves -- 48 Recognizing the PR profession -- 49 Fund raising -- 50 Famous PR cases -- Biographies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0575-2
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  • 42
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    Science Policy, Ethics, and Economic Methodology : Some Problems of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400964495
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (344p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Environmental management ; Economic policy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- One: An Overview of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- Two: Assessing Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis, the Preeminent Method of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- II. General Methodological Problems -- Three: The Retreat from Ethical Analysis -- Four: The Fallacy of Unfinished Business -- III. Particular Methodological Problems -- Five: RCBA and the Aggregation Assumption -- Six: RCBA and the Assumption of Partial Quantification -- Seven: The Problem of Regional Equity -- IV. Steps towards Solutions -- Eight: Ethically Weighted Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Nine: Assessment Through Adversary Proceedings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: If indeed scientists and technologists, especially economists, set much of the agenda by which the future is played out, and I think they do, then the student of scientific methodology and public ethics has at least three options. He can embrace certain scientific methods and the value they hold for social decisionmaking, much as Milton Friedman has accepted neoclassical econom­ ics. Or, he can condemn them, regardless of their value, much as Stuart Hampshire has rejected risk-cost-benefit analysis (RCBA). Finally, he can critically assess these scientific methods and attempt to provide solutions to the problems he has uncovered. As a philosopher of science seeking the middle path between uncritical acceptance and extremist rejection of the economic methods used in policy analysis, I have tried to avoid the charge of being "anti science". Fred Hapgood, in response to my presentation at a recent Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, said that my arguments "felt like" a call for rejection of the methods of risk-cost-benefit analysis. Not so, as Chapter Two of this volume should make eminently clear. All my criticisms are construc­ tive ones, and the flaws in economic methodology which I address are uncovered for the purpose of suggesting means of making good techniques better. Likewise, although I criticize the economic methodology by which many technology assessments (TA's) and environmental-impact analyses (EIA's) have been used to justify public projects, it is wrong to conclude that I am anti-technology.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. IntroductionOne: An Overview of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- Two: Assessing Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis, the Preeminent Method of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis -- II. General Methodological Problems -- Three: The Retreat from Ethical Analysis -- Four: The Fallacy of Unfinished Business -- III. Particular Methodological Problems -- Five: RCBA and the Aggregation Assumption -- Six: RCBA and the Assumption of Partial Quantification -- Seven: The Problem of Regional Equity -- IV. Steps towards Solutions -- Eight: Ethically Weighted Risk-Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Nine: Assessment Through Adversary Proceedings -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6449-5
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  • 43
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    The Straw Manual : A practical guide to cost-effective straw utilization and disposal (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160421
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Straw production -- Straw as a raw material. Possible utilization. Incorporation. Action plan -- 2 Field burning -- Methods of burning. Byelaws. Swath burning — an alternative. Burning — effects on soil fauna. Burning — effects on flora. Burning — ash absorption of herbicides. Action plan -- 3 Incorporation of ash, stubbles and straw -- The national scene. Effects on yield. Burned off seedbeds. Stubble management. Incorporation. Weed control. Disease control. Cultivation — machinery systems. Cultivation rotation. Costing and decision making. Action plan -- 4 Harvesting, handling and storage -- Harvesting. Baling: methods and costs. Densification. Action plan -- 5 Straw feeding -- The potential. Straw as a food. Chemical treatment. Alternative treatments. Cocktails. The design of diets. Caustic treated straw — practical diets. Ammonia treated straw — practical diets. Cocktail treated straw — practical diets. Supplementation. Action plan -- 6 Straw as a fuel -- Straw as a fuel — its basic value and characteristics. The equipment available. Action plan.
    Kurzfassung: This book is not about what might be done with straw one day. It is about what can be done with it right now on the farm. It is about today's technology, allowing decisions to be made about what to do with straw this year in order to minimize costs, minimize management problems and maximize yields and profits. It can be read cover to cover, chapter by chapter or dipped into as a reference book. Whichever way, this manual is aimed at helping the farmer to understand the technology and do the job that has to be done - profitably. Action Plans which summarize the relevant data and ease decision-making appear at the end of each chapter. The final part is a Decision Planner which will help with tackling the job in hand, on the day. Acknowledgments Grateful thanks are given to many individuals and organizations for their assistance, support and provision of information. Special acknowledgment is made to the fine work done by ADAS and their staff who made efforts to provide a great deal of up to date data for this publication. Thanks for assistance are also given to leI Plant Protection Division and to John Deere who, through their annual Award to agricultural writers, sparked this project off by giving the award to the author in 1982.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Straw productionStraw as a raw material. Possible utilization. Incorporation. Action plan -- 2 Field burning -- Methods of burning. Byelaws. Swath burning - an alternative. Burning - effects on soil fauna. Burning - effects on flora. Burning - ash absorption of herbicides. Action plan -- 3 Incorporation of ash, stubbles and straw -- The national scene. Effects on yield. Burned off seedbeds. Stubble management. Incorporation. Weed control. Disease control. Cultivation - machinery systems. Cultivation rotation. Costing and decision making. Action plan -- 4 Harvesting, handling and storage -- Harvesting. Baling: methods and costs. Densification. Action plan -- 5 Straw feeding -- The potential. Straw as a food. Chemical treatment. Alternative treatments. Cocktails. The design of diets. Caustic treated straw - practical diets. Ammonia treated straw - practical diets. Cocktail treated straw - practical diets. Supplementation. Action plan -- 6 Straw as a fuel -- Straw as a fuel - its basic value and characteristics. The equipment available. Action plan.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6042-1
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  • 44
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    Principles of Package Development (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401173827
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Origins of Packaging Development -- The Industrial Revolution -- The Birth of Packaging Development -- National and International Recognition -- 2 Package Development: An Overview -- Interrelationships -- Developmental Paths -- 3 Packaging Materials -- Ceramics -- Metals -- Plant Products -- Plastics -- ABS -- 4 Package Forms -- Rigid and Semirigid Package Forms -- Flexible Package Forms -- Converting of Flexible Packaging Materials -- 5 Materials and Package Testing -- Quality Testing of Packaging Materials -- Identification of Unknown Packaging Materials -- Quality Testing of Fabricated Packages -- Product-Package Compatibility Testing -- Shipping and Abuse Testing -- 6 The Packaging Process: Testing a Segment of Manufacturing Operations -- The Manufacturing Process -- The Packaging Process -- Development of Equipment -- 7 Packaging Equipment -- Can Packaging Equipment -- Glass Packaging Equipment -- Other Primary Packages -- Paperboard Cartons -- Equipment for Flexible Packaging -- Thermoformed Packages -- 8 The Relationship of Packaging to Marketing -- Product Life Cycle -- Pricing Policy -- Distribution Policy -- Market Research -- Product-Package Promotion -- A Marketing Case History: Doy-N-Pack vs. BrikPak -- Package Styling and Design -- 9 Governmental Regulations Affecting Packaging -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act—1938 -- The 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act -- Food Additive Definition -- New Amendment to Food Additive Legislation (1983) -- Manufacturing Regulations -- Future Activity -- The FDA and Drugs -- The Color Additive Amendment -- The “Fair Packaging and Labeling” Bill -- Other Governmental Regulations -- FDA versus USDA -- Freight Regulations -- 10 Strategic Planning in Packaging -- Text -- 11 Technological Forecasting -- Technology -- Why Plan? -- Why Forecast? -- What Is Technology? -- Why Is Forecasting Possible? -- Origins of Technological Forecasting -- What Is Technological Forecasting -- Objective of the Forecast -- Qualifications of the Person or Institution Making the Statement about the Future -- Methodologies Used to Provide a Picture of the Future -- Interactions External to Technology -- Process of Technological Innovation -- Intuitive Forecasting -- Trend Extrapolation -- Monitoring -- Structural Analysis -- Modeling -- Cross-Impact Analysis -- Scenario Generation -- Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: Since the first edition of "Principles of Packaging Development" was published, the packaging industry has undergone many profound changes. These have included the virtual elimination of cellophane and its replacement with oriented polypropylene as a carton overwrap, fluid milk in blow-molded HDPE bottles, PET beverage bottles, cookie bags and cartons lined with polyolefin coextrusions instead of waxed glassine, and bread in reclosable polyolefin and coextruded film bags. New phrases have also worked their way into the lexicon of the practic­ ing packaging technologist, such as "child resistance" and "tamper­ evident. " This most popular text on packaging demanded updating. How these phrases and ideas have affected the industry in the 1980s and how they will probably alter its course in the future are treated. New concepts of packaging system planning and forecasting tech­ niques are intruding into package management, and new chapters will introduce them to the reader. The years have added a certain degree of maturity to the packaging industry. Not only have the original authors broadened their per­ spectives and changed professional responsibilities, we have also in­ cluded a third co-author, Dr. Aaron L. Brody, whose experience in the industry, academic background, and erudite insights into the very na­ ture of packaging have added an unparalled degree of depth to this book. We would like to thank David L.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Origins of Packaging DevelopmentThe Industrial Revolution -- The Birth of Packaging Development -- National and International Recognition -- 2 Package Development: An Overview -- Interrelationships -- Developmental Paths -- 3 Packaging Materials -- Ceramics -- Metals -- Plant Products -- Plastics -- ABS -- 4 Package Forms -- Rigid and Semirigid Package Forms -- Flexible Package Forms -- Converting of Flexible Packaging Materials -- 5 Materials and Package Testing -- Quality Testing of Packaging Materials -- Identification of Unknown Packaging Materials -- Quality Testing of Fabricated Packages -- Product-Package Compatibility Testing -- Shipping and Abuse Testing -- 6 The Packaging Process: Testing a Segment of Manufacturing Operations -- The Manufacturing Process -- The Packaging Process -- Development of Equipment -- 7 Packaging Equipment -- Can Packaging Equipment -- Glass Packaging Equipment -- Other Primary Packages -- Paperboard Cartons -- Equipment for Flexible Packaging -- Thermoformed Packages -- 8 The Relationship of Packaging to Marketing -- Product Life Cycle -- Pricing Policy -- Distribution Policy -- Market Research -- Product-Package Promotion -- A Marketing Case History: Doy-N-Pack vs. BrikPak -- Package Styling and Design -- 9 Governmental Regulations Affecting Packaging -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act-1938 -- The 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act -- Food Additive Definition -- New Amendment to Food Additive Legislation (1983) -- Manufacturing Regulations -- Future Activity -- The FDA and Drugs -- The Color Additive Amendment -- The “Fair Packaging and Labeling” Bill -- Other Governmental Regulations -- FDA versus USDA -- Freight Regulations -- 10 Strategic Planning in Packaging -- Text -- 11 Technological Forecasting -- Technology -- Why Plan? -- Why Forecast? -- What Is Technology? -- Why Is Forecasting Possible? -- Origins of Technological Forecasting -- What Is Technological Forecasting -- Objective of the Forecast -- Qualifications of the Person or Institution Making the Statement about the Future -- Methodologies Used to Provide a Picture of the Future -- Interactions External to Technology -- Process of Technological Innovation -- Intuitive Forecasting -- Trend Extrapolation -- Monitoring -- Structural Analysis -- Modeling -- Cross-Impact Analysis -- Scenario Generation -- Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7382-7
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  • 45
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    A Practical Introduction to Optical Mineralogy (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401178044
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Introduction to the microscopic study of minerals1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The transmitted-light microscope -- 1.3 Systematic description of minerals in thin section using transmitted light -- 1.4 The reflected-light microscope -- 1.5 The appearance of polished sections under the reflected-light microscope -- 1.6 Systematic description of minerals in polished section using reflected light -- 1.7 Observations using oil immersion in reflected-light studies -- 1.8 Polishing hardness -- 1.9 Microhardness (VHN) -- 1.10 Points on the use of the microscope (transmitted and reflected light) -- 1.11 Thin- and polished-section preparation -- 2 Silicate minerals -- 2.1 Crystal chemistry of silicate minerals -- 2.2 Mineral descriptions -- 3 The non-silicates -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Carbonates -- 3.3 Sulphides -- 3.4 Oxides -- 3.5 Halides -- 3.6 Hydroxides -- 3.7 Sulphates -- 3.8 Phosphate -- 3.9 Tungstate -- 3.10 Arsenide -- 3.11 Native elements -- 4 Transmitted-light crystallography -- 4.1 Polarised light: an introduction -- 4.2 Refractive index -- 4.3 Isotropy -- 4.4 The biaxial indicatrix triaxial ellipsoid -- 4.5 The uniaxial indicatrix -- 4.6 Interference colours and Newton’s Scale -- 4.7 Fast and slow components, and order determination -- 4.8 Interference figures -- 4.9 Pleochroic scheme -- 4.10 Extinction angle -- 5 Reflected-light theory -- 5.1 Introduction page -- 5.2 Colour of minerals in PPL -- 5.3 Isotropic and anisotropic sections -- Appendix A.1 Refractive indices of biaxial minerals -- Appendix A.2 Refractive indices of uniaxial positive minerals -- Appendix A.3 Refractive indices of uniaxial negative minerals -- Appendix A.4 Refractive indices of isotropic minerals -- Appendix C Properties of ore minerals -- Appendix D Mineral identification chart -- Appendix E Gangue minerals.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7804-4
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