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  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1984  (5)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (5)
  • Social sciences Philosophy  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401719780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 177
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. The Nature of Science -- 2. How is Philosophy Possible as a Science? -- 3. Notes on Popper as Follower of Whewell and Peirce -- 4. The Evolution of Knowledge -- 5. Scientific Progress -- 6. The Growth of Theories: Comments on the Structuralist Approach -- 7. Truthlikeness, Realism, and Progressive Theory-Change -- 8. The Growth of Knowledge in Mathematics -- 9. Realism, Worldmaking, and the Social Sciences -- 10. Finalization, Applied Science, and Science Policy -- 11. Paradigms and Problem-Solving in Operations Research -- 12. Remarks on Technological Progress -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This collection brings together several essays which have been written between the years 197 5 and 1983. During that period I have been occupied with the attempt to find a satisfactory explicate for the notion of tnithlike­ ness or verisimilitude. The technical results of this search have partly appeared elsewhere, and I am also working on a systematic presentation of them in a companion volume to this book: Truthlikeness (forthcoming hopefully in 1985). The essays collected in this book are less formal and more philos­ ophical: they all explore various aspects of the idea that progress in science is associated with an increase in the truthlikeness of its results. Even though they do not exhaust the problem area of scientific change, together they constitute a step in the direction which I find most promising in the defence of critical scientific realism. * Chapter 1 appeared originally in Finnish as the opening article of a new journal Tiede 2000 (no. 1 I 1980) - a Finnish counterpart to journals such as Science and Scientific American. This explains its programmatic character. It tries to give a compact answer to the question 'What is science?', and serves therefore as an introduction to the problem area of the later chapters. Chapter 2 is a revised translation of my inaugural lecture for the chair of Theoretical Philosophy in the University of Helsinki on April 8, 1981. It appeared in Finnish inParnasso 31 (1981), pp.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962569
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 81
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 81
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: One / Epistemological Foundations of the Dialectical Theory of Meaning -- I. General Logical Problems of Constructing a Theory of Meaning -- II. Categories of Objective Reality -- III. Symbols -- IV. Objective Experience -- V. Concepts and Other Categories of Thought -- Two / Analysis of Meaning -- VI. Meaning as a Complex of Relationships -- VII. Mental Meaning -- VIII. Objective Meaning -- IX. Linguistic Meaning -- X. Practical Meaning -- Three / Meaning and Communication -- XI. The Genesis of Signs and Meaning -- XII. General Definition of Meaning: The Interrelationships of the Individual Dimensions of Meaning -- XIII. Conditions of Effective Communication -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This prize monograph was a pioneering work among Marxist philosophers, East and West, twenty-five years ago. To our mind, the work would have been received with respect and pleasure by philosophers of many viewpoints if it had been known abroad then. Now, revised for this English-language editiJn by our dear and honored colleague Mihailo Markovic, it is still admirable, still the insightful and stimulating accomplishment of a pioneering philosophical and scientific mind, still resonating to the three themes of technical mastery, humane purpose, political critique. Markovic has always worked with the scientific and the humanist disci­ plines inseparably, a faithful as well as a creative man oflate twentieth century thOUght. Reasoning is to be studied as any other object of investigation would be: empirically, theoretically, psychologically, historically, imaginatively. But the entry is often through the study of meaning, in language and in life. In his splendid guide into the work before us, his Introduction, Markovic shows his remarkable ability as the teacher, motivating, clarifying, sketching the whole, illuminating the detail, Critically situating the problem within a practical understanding of the tool oflanguage.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400962545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 79
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 79
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Creativity and Criticism in Science and Politics -- The Social Base of Scientific Theory and Practice -- Transcendental Realism and Rational Heuristics: Critical Rationalism and the Problem of Method -- How to Accept Fallible Test Statements? Popper’s Criticist Solution -- Logical Strength and Demarcation -- Xenophanes: A Forerunner of Critical Rationalism? -- The Social Roots of Modern Egalitarianism -- Explication and Implications of the Placebo Concept -- Analytic and Synthetic Philosophy -- Ethical Problems in Science Communication -- A Philosophical Conception of Finality in Biology -- The Justification of Scientific Progress -- Against Induction: One of Many Arguments -- The Problem of Ideology and Critical Rationalism -- Poincaré versus Le Roy on Incommensurability -- On Early Forms of Critical Rationalism -- Gerard Radnitzky: From Positivism, via Critical Theory, to Critical Rationalism -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This remarkable collection of essays, diverse but united by the theme of critical reasoning, testifies to the attention and respect paid by the authors to the philosophical career of Gerard Radnitzky. We, too, greet Professor Radnitzky for his decades of intellectual labor devoted to the establishment of rational analysis of human problems. Not least of his concerns has been to understand what it is to be rational, to disentangle the apparently rational and the genuine, to separate dogma from justified belief, to cherish imagination while seeking its test. If Radnitzky has long been known for his careful elaboration of the spectrum of modem approaches to epistemology, those who have gathered to celebrate his work in this volume will also be widely known for their own writings on this matter of critical methodology. Their signposts (or are they warning lights?) will be familiar to thoughtful philosophers and scientists, and they appear as queries as we read these papers: the rational heuristic and the irrational heuristic? accepting the fallible? differing societies but one rational cognitive practice? accepting evidence which is placebogenic? choosing among the incommensurables? what remains of the logic of demarcation? purpose in nature? progress of science? rationality in politics? a humane reasonableness and a critical rationalism? Gunnar Andersson sets the focus well for the reader. We need not choose between dogmatism and relativism, he argues. And then he tells the political lesson: we might avoid both anarchy and despotism.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789400964549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (453p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 175
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: May We Identify Reduction and Explanation of Theories ? -- Restriction and Embedding -- Anomalies of Reduction -- Ontological Reduction in the Natural Sciences -- Explanation of Theories and the Problem of Progress in Physics -- Reduction, Interpretation and Invariance -- Reduction and Evolution — Arguments and Examples -- Limiting Case Correspondence between Physical Theories -- Contact Structures, Predifferentiability and Approximation -- Tangent Embedding — A Special Kind of Approximate Reduction -- A Logical Investigation of the Phlogiston Case -- Utilistic Reduction in Sociology: The Case of Collective Goods -- Intertheory Relations in Growth Economics: Sraffa and Wicksell -- Possible Approaches to Reduction in Economic Theory -- Why Language ? -- On the Comparison of Classical and Special Relativistic Space-Time -- Space-Time Geometries for One-Dimensional Space -- Quantum Theory as a Factualization of Classical Theory -- Classical and Non Classical Limiting Cases of Quantum Logic -- Bell’s Inequalities and the Reduction of Statistical Theories -- Name Index.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400963177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (548p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 171
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1: Philosophy and the Theory of Social Action -- I Scientific Realism and the Social Sciences -- II Theorizing about Social Action -- 2: Individualism and Concept Formation in the Social Sciences -- I Holistic Social Concepts -- II Conceptual Individualism -- III We-Intentions and Social Motivation -- 3: Theories of Action -- I Views of Human Action -- II Mental Cause Theory -- III Agency Theory -- IV Hermeneutic Theory -- V Arguments for and against Causal Theories of Action -- 4: The Purposive-Causal Theory of Human Action -- I The Fundamental Elements of the Purposive-Causal Theory of Action -- II The Structure of Single-Agent Action -- 5: The Structure of Social Action -- I The General Nature of Social Action -- II Simple Social Actions -- III Complex Social Actions -- IV The Acting of Social Collectives -- V Group Interests Revisited -- 6: Action Generation -- I Action Generation and the By-Relation -- II Action Generation and the Theory of Automata -- III Social Actions, Grammars, and Social Conduct Plans -- 7: Practical Inference and Social Action -- I Loop Beliefs and Practical Inference -- II Mutual Beliefs -- III The Replicative Justification of Social Beliefs -- IV Social Action and Practical Inference -- V Mixed Interest Games and Practical Inference -- VI Social Rules and the Scope of Social Action -- 8: Norms, Rules, and Social Structures -- I Social Norms -- II Social Rules -- III Similarity and Roles -- IV Social Structures -- 9: Social Interaction and Control -- I Acting in Social Relation -- II Overt Social Interaction -- III Covert Social Interaction -- 10: A Pragmatic Theory of Explanation -- I Explaining as Communicative Action -- II Emphasis -- III Understanding and Presuppositions -- 11: Proximate Explanation of Social Action -- I Explanation and Social Action -- II Teleological Explanation -- III Purposive-Causal Explanation -- IV Reason-Explanation -- V Explaining the Style of Action -- VI Understanding Action -- 12: Dynamic Explanation of Social Action -- I Explanation and Other-Regarding Utilities -- II Expected Utilities, Motives, and the Explanation of Social Action -- III The Nature of Dynamic Action Explanations -- 13: Functional and Invisible Hand Explanation of Social Action -- I Action-Functions and Functional Explanations -- II Invisible Hand Explanations of Social Action -- 14: Explanatory Individualism and Explanation of Social Laws -- I Explanatory Individualism -- II Explanation of Social Laws -- Notes -- Name index -- Index of Symbols, Definitions, and Theses.
    Abstract: It is somewhat surprising to find out how little serious theorizing there is in philosophy (and in social psychology as well as sociology) on the nature of social actions or joint act. hons in the sense of actions performed together by several agents. Actions performed by single agents have been extensively discussed both in philosophy and in psycho~ogy. There is, ac­ cordingly, a booming field called action theory in philosophy but it has so far strongly concentrated on actions performed by single agents only. We of course should not forget game theory, a discipline that systematically studies the strategic interac­ tion between several rational agents. Yet this important theory, besides being restricted to strongly rational acting, fails to study properly several central problems related to the concep­ tual nature of social action. Thus, it does not adequately clarify and classify the various types of joint action (except perhaps from the point of view of the agents' utilities). This book presents a systematic theory of social action. Because of its reliance on so-called purposive causation and generation it is called the purposive-causal theory. This work also discusses several problems related to the topic of social action, for instance that of how to create from this perspective the most central concepts needed by social psychology and soci­ ology. While quite a lot of ground is covered in the book, many important questions have been left unanswered and many others unasked as well.
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