Kurzfassung: 1 The Historical Background -- 2 The Malay Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah and Its Sources -- 3 The Spelling and Languages of the H.M.H. -- 4 Other Texts Related to the Malay H.M.H. -- 5 The Date of the H.M.H. -- 6 The H.M.H. and the Development of Indonesian Islam -- 7 The Structure of the H.M.H. -- 8 The Manuscripts of the Malay H.M.H. -- 9 A Comparison of the Manuscripts of the H.M.H. -- 10 Principles of the Text Edition -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 MSS of the H.M.H. Not Investigated for the Present Edition -- 2 The H.M.H. in Print -- 3 The H.M.H. in Other Languages -- 4 Some Notes on the Translation Method of the Author of the Malay Text -- Text -- Some Notes on the Text -- Notes -- Indices: 1 Index of Words -- 2 Index of Names.

Kurzfassung: 'If not now, when?' Hillel, Pirke Avot, I 14. The text edition which I hereby submit to the reader has been my constant companion for much of the last nine odd years. But the relative stability of my main preoccupation contrasted sharply with my wanderings during this same span of time. In fact, for most of it I was more or less constantly on the move, trekking from the Nether­ lands to Australia and back again, then to the United States, with three excursioru; to Indonesia. On all these trips I carried my notes and kept working on this project, the conclusion of which continued to elude me. Even today I can hardly believe it is allover - and in fact it is not, as this volume will soon be followed by a companion containing a shortened English translation and dealing in much greater detail with the relationship between the Malay Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah, its Persian source and Muslim literature in general. I sincerely regret that technical and financial considerations have combined to make inclusion of the apparatus criticus in this edition impossible. A limited number of copies of this apparatus are avail­ able on personal application either direct from the author (C/o the Indonesian Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia), or from the Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Stationsplein 10, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Kurzfassung: The Scope of the Work The main purpose of this work is to give a critical edition of a Javanese text - the Serat Cabolek - together with an Introduction, an English trans­ lation of the text, and Notes. The present publication is a slighdy revised version of a doctoral dissertation submitted to the Australian National Univer­ sity in 1967. The Introduction to the text begins with a brief description of each of the extant MSS of the Serat Cabolek to be found in the Manuscript Sections of the Jakarta Museum Library and the Lembaga Kebudayaan Indonesia and in the Griental Manuscripts Section of the Leiden University Library. In addition, a description is given of a printed version of the Serat Cabolek. The eleven MSS and the printed text are compared with one another on the points of form, structure and content, in order to discover their mutual relationship. From this comparison it becomes clear that no matter how much these eleven MSS and the printed text of theSerat Cabolek may differ the one from the other, they all share a common core and all ultimately derive from a single source. The kernel of the Serat Cabolek in all probability comprised only the following sections: (1) the story dealing with the trial of Haji Mutamakin by the Kartasura tribunal; (2) the teaching of Dewa Ruci to Bhima; and (3) a commentary on Dewa Ruds counsel to Bhima.

Kurzfassung: I Jurisdiction -- 1: Political Jurisdiction -- 2: Distribution and Concurrence of Jurisdictions in International Law -- II Preliminary Objections -- 3: Categories of Preliminary Objections and their Legal Foundation -- 4: Objection Ultra Vires -- 5: Objection Conditio Sine Qua Non -- 6: Objection Electa Una Via -- 7: Objection Lis Pendens -- 8: Objection Res Judicata -- III Final Determination -- 9: Determination of the Validity of Preliminary Objections -- 10: Procedural Questions Related to Preliminary Objections -- Table of cases -- Index of subjects -- Index of countries and other territories -- Index of names -- Articles -- Resolutions -- Commissions and committees -- Reports.

Kurzfassung: The Representation of the Freeholders in the Drainage Districts of Zeeland West of the Scheldt during the Middle Ages -- The ‘Betrayal’ of the Sixteenth-Century Bourgeoisie: A Myth? Some Considerations of the Behaviour Pattern of the Merchants of Antwerp in the Sixteenth Century -- The’ Weber Thesis: An Attempt at Interpretation -- History and Prognostication -- Ten years of Guerilla-Warfare and Slave Rebellions in Surinam, 1750–1759 -- Political Power Struggle in and around the Main Belgian Cities, 1830–1848 -- Depression and Policy in the Thirties -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch.

Kurzfassung: Volume VIII of Acta Historiae Neerlandicae again presents studies on the history of the Low Countries which it is hoped will be of interest to foreign scholars. The intention has been to deal with a fairly long period, and many differing aspects, of the subject. So institutional, political, economic, social and cultural history all receive a fair share of attention, and together the studies cover a considerable number of centuries. It is, however, striking to note how even this restricted number of studies reflects prevailing viewpoints among today's Low Countries' historians. Clearly there is considerable stress on economic and social questions. Traditional studies such as those of former Belgian historians on medieval history, or those of the Dutch on the seventeenth century, are now giving way to works that are problem­ directed. Power structures, the position of the bourgeoisie, reactions of the intelli­ gentsia and theologians to societal problems, have now more attraction for scholars than the glories of late medieval wealth in Flanders or Holland's Golden Age. Terms such as Guerilla warfare, Struggle, Depression, typify today's critical approach to society in general.

Kurzfassung: One Life, Background and Views -- I. The Symbol and the Man -- II. Moral Lessons in Aeschylean Drama -- III. Timê and Time -- Two The Oresteia -- IV. Agamemnon -- V. Crime, Punishment and Judgment -- Three The Rhythm of Morality -- VI. Prometheus Bound -- VII. The Danaid Trilogy -- VIII. Plays with odd endings: Persians and Seven Against Thebes -- References.

Kurzfassung: 1. Experience and History -- 2. Religious Experience in History -- 3. Silence: The Matrix of Experiencing -- 4. The Experiencing of Consciousness as Freedom -- 5. Religious Experience and Truth -- 6. The Aesthetic Element of Experience.

Kurzfassung: It is one of the ironies of our times that, as the practise of religion wanes, a theoretical interest in it on the part of many anthropologists, psychologists, sociologists and philosophers waxes. Among these, only philosophers bring to their task a long history of theological and reli­ gious relations. Hence their renewed interest has been hailed as a break­ down of isolationism, heralding, perhaps, a new era of interdisciplinary peace. To celebrate this new ecumenism, a Chicago seminary, consis­ tently with its purpose, sponsored a colloquium to explore the future of philosophical theology. If some of its participating professional philosophers initially felt a twinge of embarrassment over their presence at an ostensibly theological meeting, they soon were at ease. No one was called upon to define the topic, or even to suggest its relationship to a philosophy of religion. Conveniently, everyone could role up his sleeves and get to work on a job he personally felt needed doing. Can we wonder that the lay observer appeared somewhat confused? Was the purpose to analyze "God talk," or to find a place for 'God' in a metaphysical scheme? Or if not these, something else? It soon became evident that the participants in the colloquium ranged from the free swinger to the severely inhibited, depending upon the role each assigned to dogma and creed.

Kurzfassung: 1 Ecological Genetics -- 2 Numerical Changes in Animal Populations -- Numerical fluctuations in a colony of Melitaea aurinia -- Numerical fluctuations in Panaxia dominula -- Numerical fluctuations in a Maniola jurtina population -- Some effects of climate and food on animal numbers -- The spread of species in new territories -- 3 Genetic Drift and the Founder Principle -- Random genetic drift -- The founder principle -- 4 Polygenic Characters Evolving in Isolation -- Selection for a balanced gene-complex in Panaxia dominula -- Selection for spotting in Maniola jurtina -- Maniola jurtina in the Isles of Scilly -- 5 Sympatric Evolution -- The transition between different stabilizations of Maniola jurtina -- 6 The Theory of Genetic Polymorphism -- Balanced polymorphism -- The evolution of polymorphism -- The formation of super-genes -- Human polymorphism -- Criticisms of the polymorphism concept -- 7 Balanced Polymorphism in Panaxia dominula -- Estimates of larval populations -- Estimates and analysis of imaginal populations -- Experimental populations -- 8 Polymorphism and the Effects of the Switch-gene -- Selection for the effects of the switch-gene -- Heterozygous advantage and multiple-phase polymorphism -- Sex-controlled polymorphism -- Polymorphism in hydrogen cyanide production -- The super-gene -- Protein variation and ‘neutral’ mutants -- 9 Polymorphism and the Super-gene in Snails -- The genetics of Cepaea nemoralis -- Natural selection in populations of C. nemoralis -- Selection and genetic drift in C. nemoralis and C. hortensis in England and France -- Partula and Achatinella on Pacific islands -- 10 The Heterostyle-Homostyle System -- The homostyle primrose in England -- Primrose pollination -- Tristylic and ‘concealed’ heterostyled conditions -- 11 Chromosome Polymorphism -- Drosophila -- Chromosome polymorphism and selection in Drosophila -- Heterozygous advantage in chromosome polymorphism -- Other organisms, and conclusion -- 12 Mimicry -- General survey -- Experimental proofs of mimicry -- Mimetic polymorphism in the Lepidoptera -- Mimicry in brood parasites -- Aggressive mimicry -- Sound and scent mimicry -- 13 Papilio dardanus and the Evolution of Mimicry -- The races of Papilio dardanus -- The genetics of Papilio dardanus -- The evolution of mimicry -- Monomorphic Batesian mimicry -- 14 Transient Polymorphism and Melanism -- Transient polymorphism -- The spread of melanic forms -- Explanations of industrial melanism -- Selective elimination by birds -- The insularia forms -- The evolution of melanic forms -- Melanism in Phigalia pedaria -- Melanism in the beetle Adalia bipunctata -- A comparison of melanism in three species -- Recessive melanism -- Melanism in Amathes glareosa -- 15 Isolation and Adaptation -- Mortality in small localities -- The evolution of local races and species -- Ecological genetics and adaptation -- Conclusion -- Plates -- References.

Kurzfassung: This book describes the experimental study of evolution and adaptation, carried out by means of combined field-work and laboratory genetics. That technique has been developed during the last forty years or so by my colleagues and myself, and by a small but increasing number of geneticists throughout the world. In discussing what has been achieved by these means many relevant pieces of work familiar to me have been omitted, while doubtless there are others that have escaped my attention. To those who have thus laboured without recognition here, I offer my apologies. Yet I would not include further examples were I writing again, and this for two reasons. First, my aim is not to produce a com­ pendium in the German fashion, for I have endeavoured to develop principles with enough instances to illustrate them but no more. Secondly, this book is in danger of becoming too long as it is: one which is in general consulted only in libraries, not read familiarly by students.

Kurzfassung: 1. Probability, Statistics and Time (Inaugural lecture at University College, London, on 15 May, 1961) -- 2. R. A. Fisher and the last Fifty Years of Statistical Methodology (The first R. A. Fisher Memorial Lecture to be given in the United States, on 29 December, 1964 at Chicago; reprinted from J. Amer. Statist. Ass., 60 (1965), 395–409.) -- 3. The Paradox of Probability in Physics (Based on a talk with this title given to a Philosophy of Science Group at University College, London, on 22 May 1967) -- 4. Inference and Stochastic Processes (Presidential Address to the Royal Statistical Society on 21 June, 1967; reprinted from the Journal of the Society, Al 30, 457–77) -- 5. Biomathematics (Inaugural lecture in the University of Oxford, on 28 May 1968) -- 6. When is Inference Statistical inference? (Invited paper given at a Symposium on the Foundations of Statistical Inference at Waterloo, Canada, April, 1970; reprinted from the Proceedings of the Symposium, 20–31) -- 7. Epidemics (Invited article, first published in Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown Tanur, Judith M., Mosteller, F. et al., (Ed). San Francisco: Holden-Day) -- 8. Equations and Models of Population Change (Invited paper given at a Conference on the Mathematical Theory of the Dynamics of Biological Populations, Oxford, September, 1972, subsequently edited by R. W. Hiorns and myself, and published by the Academic Press, 1973) -- 9. Some historical remarks and recollections on multivariate analysis (Invited paper given at a Conference on Multivariate Analysis and its Applications at Hull, April, 1973; reprinted from Sankhya, 36B (1974), 107–114.).

Kurzfassung: Some years ago when I. assembled a number of general articles and lectures on probability and statistics, their publication (Essays in Probability and Statistics, Methuen, London, 1962) received a some­ what better reception than I had been led to expect of such a miscellany. I am consequently tempted to risk publishing this second collection, the title I have given it (taken from the first lecture) seeming to me to indicate a coherence in my articles which my publishers might otherwise be inclined to query. As in the first collection, the articles are reprinted chronologically, usually without comment. One exception is the third, not previously published and differing from the original spoken version both slightly where indicated in the text and by the addition of an Appendix. I apologize for the inevitable limitations due to date, and also for any occasional repetition of the discussion (e.g. on Bayesian methods in statistical inference). In particular, readers technically interested in the classification and use of nearest-neighbour models, a topic raised in Appendix II of the fourth article, should also refer to my monograph The Statistical Analysis of Spatial Pattern (Chapman and Hall, London, 1976), where a much more up-to-date account of these models will be found, and, incidentally, a further emphasis, if one is needed, of the common statistical theory of physics and biology. March 1975 M.S.B.

Kurzfassung: I. The Egyptians -- Chronological Summary -- The Egyptians as the “inventors” of geometry -- The Rhind papyrus -- The technique of calculation -- “Aha-calculations” -- Applied calculations -- The development of the computing technique -- Hypothesis of an advanced science -- The geometry of the Egyptians -- What could the Greeks learn from the Egyptians? -- II. Number systems, digits and the art of computing -- The sexagesimal system -- Sumerian technique of computation -- The Greek notation for numbers -- Sexagesimal fractions -- Hindu numerals -- The abacus of Gerbert -- III. Babylonian mathematics -- Chronological summary -- Babylonian algebra -- Babylonian geometry -- Babylonian theory of numbers -- Applied mathematics -- Summary -- Greek Mathematics -- IV. The age of Thales and Pythagoras -- V. The golden age -- VI. The century of Plato -- VII. The Alexandrian Era (330–200 B.C.) -- VIII. The decay of Greek mathematics.

Kurzfassung: Soon after the publication of my"Ontwakende W etenschap"the need for an English translation was felt. We were very glad to find a translator fully familiar with the English and Dutch languages and with mathematical terminol· ogy. The publisher, Noordhoff, had the splendid idea to ask H. G. Beyen, professor of archeology, for his help in choosing a nice set of illustrations. It was a difficult task. The illustrations had to be both instructive and attractive, and they had t~ illustrate the history of science as well as the general background of ancient civilization. The publisher encouraged us to find better and still better illustrations, and he ordered photographs from all over the world, with never failing energy and enthusiasm. Mr. Beyen's highly instructive subscripts will help the reader to see the inter· relation between way of living, art, and science of the ancient world. Thanks are due to many correspondents, who have suggested additions and pointed out errors. Sections on Astrolabes and Stereographte Projection and on Archimedes' construction of the heptagon have been added. The sections on Perspective and on the Anaphorai of Hypsicles have been enlarged. In the second English edition I have incorporated an important discovery of P. Huber, which sheds new light upon the role of geometry In Babylonian algebra (see p. 73). The section on Heron's Metrics (see p. 277) was written anew, follOWing a suggestion of E. M. Bruins. Zurich. 1961 B. L.

Kurzfassung: I. Soul and Mathematicals -- II. Posidonius and Neoplatonism -- III. The Subdivisions of Theoretical Philosophy -- IV. The Origin of the Quadrivium -- V. Speusippus in Iamblichus -- VI. A New Fragment of Aristotle -- VII. Metaphysica Generalis in Aristotle? -- Conclusion -- Index of Names -- Index of Passages in Greek and Latin Authors.

Kurzfassung: The first edition of this book appeared in 1953; the second, revised and enlarged, in 1960. The present, third edition is essentially a reprint of the second, except for the correction of a few misprints and the following remarks, which refer to some recent publications* and replace the brief preface to the second edition. Neither Eudemus nor Theophrastus, so I said (p. 208£. ) knew a branch of theoretical philosophy the object of which would be something called 0'. 1 ~ 0'. 1 andwhich branch wouldbedistinct from theology. And there is no sign that they found such a branch (corresponding to what was later called metaphysica generalis) in Aristotle. To the names of Eudemus and Theophrastus we now can add that of Nicholas of Damascus. In 1965 H. J. Drossaart Lulofs published: Nicolaus Damascenus On the Philosophy of Aristotle (Leiden: Brill), Le. fragments of his m:pr. njc; 'ApLO''t'o't'&AOUC; qJLAOO'OqJLiXC; preserved in Syriac together with an English trans­ lation. In these fragments we find a competent presentation of Aristotle's theoretical philosophy, in systematic form. Nicholas subdivides Aristotle's theoretical philosophy into theology, physics, and mathematics and seems to be completely unaware of any additional branch of philosophy the object of which would be 0'. 1 ~ 0'. 1 distinct from theology with its object (the divine).

Kurzfassung: one -- 1) Multidisciplinary Context of Sociology and Social Psychology -- 2) Problems of Theory and Method : Sensitizing Concepts, Personal Documents -- two -- 3) Verstehen and Related Constructs -- 4) Role-Taking and Related Concepts -- 5) Processes Involved in, and Related to, Role-Taking -- 6) Imagination -- three -- 7) Imaginative Participation in History -- 8) Imaginative Participation in Literature and Drama -- 9) Imaginative Participation in Psychiatry -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: I am Czech. In 1948 I graduated from ancient Charles' University at Prague. In 1970 I came to Canada, the country of my choice, from New Zealand where I had taught two years at the University of Canter­ bury in Christchurch. This work was begun after I left Europe. It is intended as contribution to contemporary sociological and social psy­ chological theory, or theories. For a very long time in my native country I was intellectually a Jack­ of-alI-trades. Before coming to sociology I spent two decades of study and research in the fields of philosophy, history and imaginative literature. Looking back I view this not as wasted time, but as an extraordinary introduction to the study of society, of man in society and of society in man. There are many links between these areas of scientific inquiry which I would not have been able to make had I not had this multi­ disciplinary experience. In each of my lives, past and present, I have been for a number of reasons marginal to my fellow men, marginal in several respects. In my native land I refused to conform to the line of the ruling political party. I became a "non-person" in all that implies in a totalitarian regime.

Kurzfassung: Introduction: The Problem, its Background, and a Sketch of its Treatment -- I. Production and Radical Creation -- A. Novelty Proper -- B. Novelty Proper and Creative Acts -- C. Value and Creativity -- II. Spontaneity: The Paradox and the Possibility of Explanation -- A. General Remarks about Explanation -- B. The Paradox of Creativity -- C. The Reality of Spontaneity and the Challenge of Determinism -- D. Intelligibility and the Resources of Language -- III. Language and the Aesthetic Structure of Novelty -- A. Originative Speech as Oblique Expression -- B. Speech and Metaphors -- C. Metaphors and the Intelligibility of Created Objects -- IV. Fundamental Paradox and Intelligibility -- A. The Absurd -- B. Two Loci of the Absurd -- C. The Second Model of Intelligibility -- D. The Possibility of a Third Model of Intelligibility.

Kurzfassung: Over the past two decades, the number of studies of creativity has in­ creased enormously. Although these studies represent a wide variety of perspectives, the largest proportion of them falls within the province of the social and behavioral sciences. Perhaps this is due to the impetus of experimental psychologists, who recognized the special problems that arise when originality is treated under a general theory of cognition. But what­ ever the reason, human creativity has come to be viewed as one of the major concerns of the twentieth century. It has been referred to as the most pressing problem of our time. In spite of the importance of the topic, few philosophers have either analyzed or speculated systematically about creativity, as a distinct topic. This neglect may be the expression of a tacit and sometimes explicit con­ viction that creativity must be taken for granted and not subjected to analytic scrutiny. In any case, the determination of so many behavioral and social scientists not to fall behind in the search for understanding creativity has led to a proliferation of publications that are unrelated to one another and that lack dearly ordered and reflective consideration of what creativity is. Too few writers have either acknowledged or examined what they presuppose about creative acts, about human activity, and a­ bout the nature of explanation when they focus on so complex a phenome­ non as creativity.

Kurzfassung: I. Elementary mathematics -- 1. Fundamental operations on rational numbers -- 2. Higher arithmetical operations -- 3. Development of the number system -- 4. Algebraic equations -- 5. Functions -- 6. Percentages, interest and annuities -- 7. Plane geometry -- 8. Solid geometry -- 9. Descriptive geometry -- 10. Trigonometry -- 11. Plane trigonometry -- 12. Spherical trigonometry -- 13. Analytic geometry of the plane -- II. Steps towards higher mathematics -- 14. Set theory -- 15. The elements of mathematical logic -- 16. Groups and fields -- 17. Linear algebra -- 18. Sequences, series, limits -- 19. Differential calculus -- 20. Integral calculus -- 21. Series of functions -- 22. Ordinary differential equations -- 23. Complex analysis -- 24. Analytic geometry of space -- 25. Projective geometry -- 26. Differential geometry, convex bodies, integral geometry -- 27. Probability theory and statistics -- 28. Calculus of errors, adjustment of data, approximation theory -- 29. Numerical analysis -- 30. Mathematical optimization -- III. Brief reports on selected topics -- 31. Number theory -- 32. Algebraic geometry -- 33. Further algebraic structures -- 34. Topology -- 35. Measure theory -- 36. Graph theory -- 37. Potential theory and partial differential equations -- 38. Calculus of variations -- 39. Integral equations -- 40. Functional analysis -- 41. Foundation of geometry—Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry -- 42. Foundations of mathematics -- 43. Game theory -- 44. Perturbation theory -- 45. The pocket calculator -- 46. Microcomputers.

Kurzfassung: It is commonplace that in our time sc:iem:e and technology cannot be mastered without the tools of mathematics; but the same applies to an ever growing extent to many domains of everyday life, not least owing to the spread of cybernetic methods and arguments. As a consequence, there is a wide demand for a survey of the results of mathematics. for an unconventional approach that would also make it possible to fill gaps in one's knowledge. We do not think that a mere juxtaposition of theorems or a collection of formulae would be suitable for this purpose, because this would over· emphasize the symbolic language of signs and letters rather than the mathematical idea, the only thing that really matters. Our task was to describe mathematical interrelations as briefly and precisely as possible. In view of the overwhelming amount of material it goes without saying that we did not just compile details from the numerous text-books for individual branches: what we were aiming at is to smooth out the access to the specialist literature for as many readers as possible. Since well over 700000 copies of the German edition of this book have been sold, we hope to have achieved our difficult goal. Colours are used extensively to help the reader. Important definitions and groups of formulae are on a yellow background, examples on blue, and theorems on red.

Kurzfassung: I Introduction, Purpose and Scope -- I Outer Space Treaty -- II Space Law Before the Space Treaty -- III Definition of Outer Space -- IV Outer Space is the Province of Mankind -- V Jurisdiction over Outer Space -- VI Arms Control and the Space Treaty -- VII Verification Provision -- VIII Treaty Provisions on Safety, Tracking Facilities and Exchange of Information -- IX Final Clauses -- II Assistance and Return Agreement -- X Assistance and Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- III Liability for Damages and the Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XI Liability for Damages and Responsibility of States and International Organizations -- XII Examples of the “Utilization” of Outer Space (Space Applications) -- XIII Trends in International Co-operation -- XIV Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- A. Treaty Governing the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies -- B. Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space -- D. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space -- G. Convention on Registration of objects launched into outer space -- H. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water. Signed in Moscow, on 5 August 1963 -- I. Draft Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (Title, Preamble and Thirteen Articles, as approved by the Legal Sub-Committee at its Ninth Session. 1970) -- J. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof -- K. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, including the final text of the Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by space objects -- Selected Bibliography.

Kurzfassung: Space exploration is a development which began with the launching of the first artificial satellite in 1957. Since then an incredible progress has been made, leading to the landing of man on the moon. A quick look at the number of launchings which have been registered with the United Nations will show the influence of space science and technology on human endeavours. For example, satellites can be used for com­ munication, weather forecasting, education, and remote sensing of the resources of the Earth. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is the focal point of international co-operation in space activities. The Committee regulates these activities through its Legal Sub-Committee. The setting up of the Committee was preceded by an Ad Hoc Committee which was established on 31 December 1958. The initial difficulty which confronted the Ad Hoc Committee was the issue of its member­ ship. The USSR, Czechoslovakia and Poland decided not to participate in its work because they were dissatisfied with the composition of the Ad Hoc Committee. Later, both the UAR and India also decided not to participate in its work. Although the Ad Hoc Committee succeeded in producing a report in 1959 (UN document A/4141), the progress of work of the Main Committee was in limbo for a while. It was not until 1961 that the disagreements were resolved. The Committee conducts its business without voting -the Chairman simply states the consensus of views which have been expressed.

Kurzfassung: I. Introduction: Hume and Kant and the History of Ideas -- II. Sense, Reason and Imagination -- III. Hume’s “Principles” and Kant’s “Categories” -- IV. Naturalism and Criticism -- V. Hume and Kant on the Philosophy of Religion -- VI. Towards a Theory of “Anthropocentrism” with regard to Naturalism and Criticism.

Kurzfassung: The present work is the product of several years study of the various aspects of Kanfs Critical Philosophy and Hume's naturalism. During that time many individuals have helped with this work and it is hardly possible to set down the names of aH of them. One name does des erve special mention - Prof. Dr. H. Heimsoeth with whom the author has discussed some of the very knotty problems of Kantian Philosophy. Although Hume has been - as Kant freely admits in the Preface to his "Prolegomena" - one of the most decisive influences and turning points in the philosophical development of Kant, the author does not thematize in this work the age-old problem of whether Kant reaHy read, understood and refuted Hume. That it has been, ever since Hume wrote, a favorite pursuit among philosophers to answer hirn, to refute hirn, and to refute Kanfs attempt at refutation of hirn, irrespective of its being convincing or not, must be mentioned with special respect.

Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- One. Vibrations of C—C and C—H linkages -- 2 Alkanes -- 3 Alkenes -- 4 Alkynes and Allenes -- 5 Aromatic Compounds -- Two. Vibrations involving mainly C—O and O—H linkages -- 6 Alcohols and Phenols -- 7 Ethers, Peroxides and Ozonides -- 8 Acid Halides, Carbonates, Anhydrides and Metallic Carbonyls -- 9 Aldehydes and Ketones -- 10 Carboxylic Acids -- 11 Esters and Lactones -- Three. Vibrations involving mainly C—N and N—H linkages -- 12 Amides, Proteins and Polypeptides -- 13 Amino-Acids, their Hydrochlorides and Salts, and Amido-Acids -- 14 Amines and Imines -- 15 Unsaturated Nitrogen Compounds -- 16 Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds -- Four. Vibrations involving other elements; groups of inorganic origin -- 17 Nitro- and Nitroso-Compounds, Nitrates and Nitrites -- 18 Organo-Phosphorus Compounds -- 19 Halogen Compounds -- 20 Organo-Silicon Compounds -- 21 Inorganic Ions -- 22 Organo-Sulphur Compounds -- Compound Index.

Kurzfassung: The full revision of this text has presented a number of problems. The basic data have changed little since the second edition, although they have been much extended in depth and in detail. To some extent this has helped to shorten the present text as many controversial issues which needed to be presented at some length have now been resolved so that only the final conclusions need to be given. However, it remains the case that very few new group frequencies have emerged over the past fifteen years and the emphasis of group-frequency studies has tended to shift away from the identification of specific groups towards their other possible uses in the solution of structural and chemical problems. The study of the interplay of mechanical and electronic effects in determining the directions and extents of group-frequency shifts which result from changes in the substituents has told us much about chemical mechanisms themselves, and has opened up new possibilities for the use of group frequencies in areas such as the study of rotational isomerism, the measurement of bond angles, and the use of frequency relationships to derive other chemical and physical properties.

Kurzfassung: 1 The Political Myth -- 2 Dutch Privileges, Real and Imaginary -- 3 The Black Legend during the Eighty Years War -- 4 Queen and State: the Emergence of an Elizabethan Myth -- 5 The Batavian Myth during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries -- 6 ‘No Popery’ in the Reign of Charles II -- 7 The Myth of ‘Patriotism’ in Eighteenth-Century English Politics -- 8 Oliver Cromwell’s Popular Image in Nineteenth-Century England -- 9 The Rise and Progress of Tory Democracy -- 10 Mythical Aspects of Dutch Anti-Catholicism in the Nineteenth Century.

Kurzfassung: AS Dr. Coen Tamse points out in the introductory essay specially written for this volume, what we call myths are all too often the errors and misconceptions of others. Time being short and human un­ derstanding imperfect, it is wise to suppose that posterity will convict us all of thinking and acting in some sort within mythological uni­ verses; only a dead myth is by common consent recognized as a false reading of reality. And yet, in our troubled century, we have witnessed the deliberate fabrication of mythologies, apart from the inheritance of earlier growths like those which still feed nationalism and anti­ Semitism. It almost looks as if mass democracies positively require neatly packaged and emotionally charged explanations of the social and political environment as a substitute for religion. At all events, the modern science of public relations has advanced far enough for cer­ tain regimes, or for those who seek to overthrow them, to make a calculated appeal to the vanities, anxieties and frustrations of ordinary people by offering highly simplified explanations of a baffling world, often in easily grasped pictorial or dramatic forms, whether the object is to condition obedience or incite to 'struggle'. The advent of the mass media is generally, if unfairly, taken to have opened limitless new op­ portunities for the manipulation of our thought-processes, even below the threshold of consciousness.

Kurzfassung: I: The stages in general -- II: Gestation -- III: Infancy -- IV: Childhood -- V: The primary school years -- VI: Adolescence -- VII: Youth -- VIII: Early Manhood -- IX: Maturity -- X: Later middle age -- XI: Old age -- XII: Senescence.

Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction: Thomas Mann’s Dialectics -- 2. The Female Principle in a Woman: Clavdia Chauchat -- 3. An Early View of the Male Realm: Gustave Aschenbach -- 4. Doctor Faustus: Culmination of the Male World -- 5. Male and Female in Actual Artists—Mann on Goethe and Schiller -- 6. Double Image as a Dialectical Device -- 7. Love: A Possible Synthesis -- 8. Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: I. Statement of the Problem -- II. Eidetics and its Limits -- III. Existential Structures of Disproportion -- IV. Eidetics, Existence, and Experience -- V. Symbol, Hermeneutic, and Conflict of Interpretation -- VI. Philosophical Reflection as Hermeneutics -- VII. Phenomenology and the Sciences of Language: Further Extensions -- VIII. Conclusions -- Selected Bibliography.

Kurzfassung: The path Husserl entered upon at the beginning of his philosophical writ­ ings turned out to be the beginning of a long, tedious way. Throughout his life he constantly comes to grips with the fundamental problems which set him upon this path. Beginning with the logical level of meaning, laboring through the idealism of the transcendental phenomenology of the period between Ideas I to the Meditations, in search for the ever more originary, he finally arrived at the level of the Lebenswelt. It was this later focus on the ever more originary, the source, the foundation of meaning which led him finally to the horizon of meaning and the genesis of meaning in the Lebenswelt period. This later period allows for a quasi wedding of his phenomenology with some adaptation of existentialism. But this union called for an adaptation of Husserl's logistic prejudice. The period of the Lebenswelt allows many of the later phenomenologists to speak of the failure of the brackets in their extreme exclusion and to allow for a link between man and his world in the Lebenswelt. This link is at the source of the ontological investigations and theories which arise from the phenomenological movement. However, there is the possibility of many tensions in such an endeavor since the study of being can be most abstract and most concrete.

Kurzfassung: 1. Noted ancient investigations -- 1.1 Size of the Earth -- 1.2 Contributions of Newton and contemporaries -- 1.3 The period after Newton -- References -- 2. Determination of the mean density of the Earth -- 2.1 Bouguer’s experiments in Peru -- 2.2 The Schiehallion experiment -- 2.3 Other pendulum and plumb-line experiments -- 2.4 The Michell-Cavendish experiment -- 2.5 Other small-scale experiments -- References -- 3. Spherical harmonics -- 3.1 Solutions of Laplace’s equation -- 3.2 Legendre polynomials -- 3.3 Integrals of products of spherical harmonics -- 3.4 Tesseral harmonics -- 3.5 Expansions iQ spherical harmonics -- 3.6 Spherical harmOnICs and Earth oscillation theory -- References -- Theory of the Earth’s gravitational attraction -- 4.1 General theorems on gravitational attraction -- 4.2 Attractions due to some particular mass distributions -- 4.3 MacCullagh’s formula -- 4.4 Representation of the Earth’s surface -- 4.5 Attraction due to spheroidal Earth model -- References -- 5. The figure and moment of inertia of the Earth -- 5.1 The geopotential function -- 5.2 Forms of surfaces of equal density inside rotating Earth model -- 5.3 Relations involving ?a and h -- 5.4 Clairaut’s equation on the internal variation of ? -- 5.5 Estimation of the moment of inertia of the Earth -- 5.6 Numerical results on the hydrostatic theory -- 5.7 Use of artificial satellites -- 5.8 International reference systems -- 5.9 Ellipticities of internal surfaces of constant densitys -- References -- 6. Early models of the Earth’s density variation -- 6.1 Earth models -- 6.2 Clairaut’s equation and the density problem -- 6.3 The Legendre-Laplace density law -- 6.4 Background theory in density determination -- 6.5 Other early model density laws -- 6.6 Numerical results for early models -- 6.7 Some further nineteenth century results -- 6.8 Early evidence on the Earth’s rigidity -- 6.9 Early twentieth century models -- 6.9 Early twentieth century models -- 7. Representation of elasticity in the Ear -- 7.1 Stress -- 7.2 Strain and rotation -- 7.3 Model stress-strain relations -- 7.4 Stress-strain relations for the Earth -- 7.5 Interpretation of coefficients in perfect elasticity -- 7.6 Strength of a material -- 7.7 The terms ‘fluid’ and ‘solid’ -- 7.8 Pressure and finite strain -- 7.9 Thermodynamic considerations -- References -- 8. Seismic wave transmission -- 8.1 Earthquakes and other sources of seismic waves -- 8.2 Equations of motion of seismic disturbances -- 8.3 Bodily seismic waves -- 8.4 Scalar and vector potentials -- 8.5 Surface seismic waves -- 8.6 Refraction and reflexion of bodily seismic waves -- References -- First approximation to seismic P and S distributions in the Earth -- 9.1 Seismic rays -- 9.2 Effect of the Earth's ellipticity on seismic travel times -- 9.3 Normal and abnormal seismic velocity variation -- 9.4 Bodily seismic phases -- 9.5 Evolution of travel-time tables -- 9.6 Derivation of P and S velocity distributions in the Earth -- References -- 10. Earth models of type A -- 10.1 Introductory theory of density variation in the Earth -- 10.2 Historical background on the Earth’s internal layering -- 10.3 The regions A, B, C, D, E, F and G -- 10.4 Density near the Earth’s surface -- 10.5 Early evidence on inhomogeneity insitle the upper mantle -- 10.6 Minimum central density -- 10.7 Earth models of type A -- 10.8 Corrections for temperature and inhomogeneity -- Critique of A-type models -- References -- 11. Evidence on compressibility in the Earth -- 11.1 Compression in the Earth -- 11.2 Variation of incompressibility in homogeneous regions -- 11. 3 Some further implications of finite-strain theory -- 11.4 Compressibility-pressure hypothesis -- 11.5 Theory for inhomogeneous regions -- 11.6 Degrees of inhomogeneity in particular regions of the Earth -- 11.7 Solidity of the inner core -- 11.8 Earth models of type B -- References -- 12. Some second approximations -- 12.1 P and S velocities in the mantle -- 12.2 Structure of the outer core -- 12.3 Structure of the inner core -- 12.4 Radius of the Earth’s core -- 12.5 The Earth’s central density -- 12.6 Further evidence bearing on rigidity in lower core -- 12.7 Improved B-type models -- References -- 13. Evidence from seismic surface waves -- 13.1 Underlying principles in applying surface-wave data -- 13.2 More complex model structures -- 13.3 Direct observation of phase velocities -- 13.4 Allowance for Earth’s curvature and gravity -- 13.5 Evidence on crustal structure -- 13.6 Evidence on mantle structure -- 13.7 Surface waves and density variation -- 13.8 Further remarks -- References -- 14. Evidence from free Earth oscillations -- 14.1 Free oscillations of a dynamical system -- 14.2 Approach to the theory of Earch oscillations -- 14.3 Equations of motion of an oscillating Earth model -- 14.4 Solving the equations of motion -- 14.5 Observational data -- 14.6 Early inferences from free Earth oscillation data -- 14.7 The model HB1 -- 14.8 Other models using free Earth osciIlation data -- 14.9 Oscillation evidence on solidity of inner core -- References -- 15. Miscellaneous developments -- 15.1 Equations of state, and related equations, for the Earth’s interior -- 15.2 Some miscellaneous Earth models -- 15.3 Monte Carlo techniques -- 15.4 The general problem of ‘inverting’ observation data -- 15.5 Density and seismic wave amplitudes -- 15.6 Implications of wave-scattering investigations -- 15.7 Deviations from spherical symmetry -- 15.8 Changes in gravitational constant -- References -- 16. Optimum and standard Earth models -- 16.1 General requirements of Earth models -- 16.2 Consequence of non-uniqueness -- 16.3 Approaches to the optimum model problem -- 16.4 Progress towards an optimum Earth model -- 16.5 The problem of a standard Earth model -- References -- 17. Application to other planets and the Moon -- 17.1 Planetary observational data -- 17.2 Assumptions on the Earth’s internal composition -- 17.3 Earth, Venus, Mars -- 17.4 Mercury -- 17.5 Moon -- 17.6 Jupiter and Saturn -- 17.7 Uranus and Neptune -- 17.8 Pluto -- 17.9 Further remarks -- References.

Kurzfassung: The book attempts to draw together the various strands of evidence that have led to present knowledge of the distribution of density throughout the interior of the Earth. Details are also given of other properties with which the density is closely linked, including pressure, compressibility and compression, rigidity, seismic velocities, Poisson's ratio and gravitational intensity. Questions of thermodynamics and chemical composition and phase enter discussions where they bear more or less sharply on the density determination; but the book does not purport to be a comprehensive text on the Earth's internal tem­ perature distribution and composition. The density distributions of other planets are discussed. The quest for clues on the Earth's internal densities has long been an exciting one, and an aim of the book is to present a developing story which has fascinated the author over much of his worl(ing life. The early chapters refer to key developments from ancient times to around 1930. The later chapters recount, in greater detail, develop­ ments since 1930. The stage has now been reached where numerous published papers bearing on the Earth's density seem to do little more than fidget around the resolving power of long accumulated observational data. So the present seems an appropriate time to try to put some perspec­ tive into the story. Of course, the story will never be quite finished: in describing the interior of the Earth, there will always be extra decimal places to add as further significant evidence arises.

Kurzfassung: Section One • Problems -- 1 D.C. Circuits. Problems 1–92 -- 2 Single-Phase A.C. Circuits. Problems93–200 -- 3 Complex Quantities and their use in A.C. Circuits Problems201–243 -- 4 Polyphase Circuits. Problems244–278 -- 5 Non-sinusoidal Waves. Problems279–300 -- 6 Transformers and Electric Machines. Problems301–365 -- Section Two • Solutions -- Problems1–57, 93–159, 201–224, 244–265, 279–292, 301–325.

Kurzfassung: Electrical-engineering and electronic-engineering students have frequently to resolve and simplify quite complex circuits in order to understand them or to obtain numerical results and a sound knowledge of basic circuit theory is therefore essential. The author is very much in favour of tutorials and the solving of problems as a method of education. Experience shows that many engineering students encounter difficulties when they first apply their theoretical knowledge to practical problems. Over a period of about twenty years the author has collected a large number of problems on electric circuits while giving lectures to students attending the first two post-intermediate years of Uni­ versity engineering courses. The purpose of this book is to present these problems (a total of 365) together with many solutions (some problems, with answers, given at the end of each Chapter, are left as student exercises) in the hope that they will prove of value to other teachers and students. Solutions are separated from the problems so that they will not be seen by accident. The answer is given at the end of each problem, however, for convenience. Parts of the book are based on the author's previous work Electrical Engineering Problems with Solutions which was published in 1954.

Kurzfassung: I. The Roots of Peacetime Propaganda -- II. The Official Information Services -- III. The Central office of Information -- IV. The British Council -- V. The BBC External Services -- VI. Supervision of British Propaganda Programmes -- VII. Comparing Approaches: the United Kingdom and the United States -- Appendix. Estimated Cost of Overseas Information Services 1973-74 -- selected Bibliography.

Kurzfassung: The systematic use of propaganda is very much a phenomenon of the 20th century. Through the years, kings, political leaders, and statesmen have often made use of what might now be called "propaganda tech­ niques" but it is only within the present century that the use of pro­ paganda has been developed as a systematic instrument of national and foreign policy. Nonetheless, since World War II propaganda has become a regular peacetime instrument of foreign policy for most states, be they large or small. While some considerable attention has been given to the propaganda organisations and activities of the United States and certain Com­ munist nations, especially the U.S.S.R., relatively little has been done on the British approach to propaganda. The present study attempts to at least partially fill that vacuum. A history of the overseas Informa­ tion Services is not undertaken and I will leave that important task to future scholars. Instead I have examined the British approach to the organisation of propaganda and the mechanics they have developed to utilize this instrument of foreign policy.

Kurzfassung: I. The Early Thought of Royce -- 1. Moral Theory -- 2. Empirical Theism -- 3. Postulates. The Right to Believe -- 4. Idealism as an Hypothesis Based on Postulates -- 5. Skepticism and the Possibility of Error -- 6. Common Sense and the Problem of Error -- 7. Solution and Conclusion to Absolute Idealism -- 8. Absolute Idealism and the Nature of Error -- 9. The Problem of Evil -- 10. The Conception of God. Critique -- II. The Middle Thought of Royce -- 1. Transition to “The World and the Individual” -- 2. “The World and the Individual”: Introduction -- 3. Realism -- 4. Mysticism -- 5. Critical Rationalism -- 6. The Internal and External Meaning of Ideas -- 7. The Fourth Conception of Being -- 8. The Proof of God’s Existence -- 9. The One, the Many, and the Infinite -- 10. The Temporal and the Eternal -- 11. The Moral Order and the Problem of Evil -- 12. Immortality -- 13. The Conception of God. Summary -- III. The Later Theory of Community -- 1. Transition to “The Problem of Christianity” -- 2. “The Problem of Christianity”: Introduction -- 3. The Moral Burden of the Individual -- 4. Guilt and Atonement -- 5. The Beloved Community -- 6. The Community and the Time-Process -- 7. The Body and Its Members -- 8. The Nature of Interpretation -- 9. The Will to Interpret -- IV. The Later Conception of God -- 1. The World of Interpretation -- 2. The Theoretical and the Practical -- 3. Peirce’s “Neglected Argument” -- 4. The Conception of God -- 5. Elements in Royce’s Later Conception of God Which are Similar to and Continuous with Earlier Conceptions -- 6. Elements in Royce’s Later Conception of God Which are Different from His Earlier Conceptions. Summary.

Kurzfassung: Dr. Jarvis kindly invited me to undertake this Foreword. According to his suggestion, I here intend to complement his work by creating a context for it. To do so, prior notice of a common misrepresentation of Royce and of his contemporary relevance seems needed, before briefly sketching his biography and interest in religion. Finally, to orient the reader to the present study, I will point out Royce's main works and the spirit of the man. In the year 2150 A. D. , what will people be saying about Harvard? If the reported prediction of a self -effacing William James comes true, the common answer will be, "Harvard? Oh, that's the place where Royce taught. " And yet, now that almost a century has passed since Royce began teaching at Harvard, most Americans do not recognize the name "Josiah Royce. " Of those who do, few know him as a significant American philosopher of community. And of these few, far fewer recall either that religious problems first drove Royce to philosophy or that he said such problems "of all human interests, deserve our best efforts and our utmost loyalty. " 1 Little wonder, then, that when Americans survey our "classic" philosophers-Peirce, James, Royce, Santayana, Dewey, Whitehead-few of them respond to Royce as the most explicitly and persistently religious philosopher of them all. Fortunately, however, popularity contests do not accurately weigh the merit of a philosopher.

Kurzfassung: Introduction: The Seeming Contingency of the Question concerning the Body and the Necessity for an Ontological Analysis of the Body -- I: The Philosophical Presuppositions of the Biranian Analysis of the Body -- 1. The Philosophical Presuppositions of Biranian Ontology -- 2. The Transcendental Deduction of the Categories -- 3. The Theory of the Ego and the Problem of the Soul -- II:The Subjective Body -- III: Movement and Sensing -- 1. The Unity of our Senses and the Problem of the Relationship between our Images and our Movements -- 2. The Unity of the Body Interpreted as a Unity of Knowledge. Habit and Memory -- 3. The Individuality of Human Reality as Sensible Individuality -- IV: The Twofold Usage of Signs and the Problem of the Constitution of One’s own Body -- V: Cartesian Dualism -- VI: A Critique of the Thought of Maine de Biran. The Problem of Passivity -- VII: Conclusion. The Ontological Theory of the Body and the Problem of Incarnation. The Flesh and the Spirit -- Index of Authors -- Index of Terms.

Kurzfassung: THE SEEMING CONTINGENCY OF THE QUESTION CONCERNING THE BODY AND THE NECESSITY FOR AN ONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BODY When we disclose and bring forth, within ontological investigations aimed at making possible the elaboration of a phenomenology of the ego, a prob­ lematic concerning the body, we may well seem, with respect to the general direction of our analysis, to elaborate only a contingent and accidental specification of such an analysis and to forget its true goal.! Up to the present, we pursued the clarification of the being of the ego [2] on the level of absolute subjectivity and in the form of an ontological analysis. Is it not possible that the reasons which motivated the project of conducting the investigations relative to the problem of the ego within a sphere of abso­ lute immanence may cease to be valid because we might be led to believe that the body also constitutes the object of these investigations and belongs to a first reality whose study is the task of fundamental ontology? Actually, does not the body present itself to us as a transcendent being, as an inhabi­ tant of this world of ours wherein subjectivity does not reside? If, con­ sequently, the body must constitute the theme of our philosophical reflec­ tion, is it not on condition that the latter submit to a radical modification and cease to be turned toward subjectivity in order to be a reflection on.

Kurzfassung: It has become increasingly evident that there is much to begained from a detailed understanding of the structure and properties of polymers in the oriented state. This book reftects the growth of interest in this area of polymer scienceand attempts to give the reader an up to date viewofthe present position. The individual chapters are for the most part self­ contained, and cover a very wide range of topics. It is intended that each of them should serve the dual purpose of an expository introduction to the subject and a topical review of recent research. It is inevitable that there will be differences of style and approach in the contributions from the different authors. No atternpt has been made to moderate these differences, as they serve to illustrate the diversity of approaches required to give the reader a balanced view of the subject. I should like to thank the contributors for their endeavours, and especially for their patience in accepting modifications and corrections which make for consistency in the book as a whole. 1 am particularly indebted to Professor Leslie Holliday who originally approached me with the proposition that such a book would be a worthwhile venture and to the publishers who have given me every assistance in making its progress as painless as possible.

Kurzfassung: 1 General Requirements -- Animals -- Legal considerations -- The laboratory -- Equipment -- Sources of information -- References -- 2 Echinoderms and Ascidians -- Echinoderms -- Ascidians -- References -- 3 Molluscs, Annelids and Nematodes -- Molluscs -- Annelids -- Nematodes -- References -- 4 Insects and Crustacea -- The Locust -- Calliphora -- Drosophila -- Crustacea -- References -- 5 Fish -- Goldfish -- Killifish -- Guppies -- Artificial fertilization -- Experimental Work on Fish Embryos -- References -- 6 Amphibia -- Xenopus -- Axolotls -- Experiments on Amphibian Embryos -- Experiments on amphibian larvae -- References -- 7 Birds -- Examination of the early chick blastoderm -- Culture of chick blastoderms -- Removal and culture of the blastoderm -- Preparation of chorio-allantoic grafts -- References -- 8 Mammals -- The oestrous cycle in the mouse -- Preparation of vaginal smears -- Examination of unfertilized ova from superovulated mice -- Reproductive system of the male mouse -- Examination of mouse embryos up to and including the blastocyst stage -- Arrangement of the foetal membranes in the rabbit and localization of immunoglobulin in the yolk sac splanchnopleur -- References.

Kurzfassung: The purpose of this book is twofold: it is meant to serve both as a practical manual for the study of animal development and as a general introduction to the subject. Central to our en­ deavour is the belief that developmental biology is best taught and learnt at the laboratory bench, with specimens which are either alive and can be seen to develop or with fresh material derived directly from the egg (as in birds) or mother (as in mammals). Once the dynamic nature of development is appreci­ ated and the overall structure of the developing organism discerned the more conventional study of sections and whole mounts is more likely to become a delight rather than a diffi­ cult, and often meaningless, chore. We have laid considerable stress on the early development of animal embryos and the ways in which they can be obtained from a relatively few, but reliable, sources. In addition, emphasis has been placed on fairly simple experiments which make use of the embryos and larvae chosen for the purpose of illustrating develop­ ment. Embryology ceased to be a descriptive science at the beginning of this century and any practical course, at what­ ever level, should attempt to reflect this change. It is true that the analysis of development, particularly the genesis of chor­ date structure, owed much to the invention of the microtome.

Kurzfassung: This Festschrift is dedicated to Prof. Dr. J. van Baal on the occasion of his retirement from the chair of cultural anthropology at the University of Utrecht. The essays presented here are written by fellow scholars in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the field of anthropology. In order to arrange the papers araund a theme that has never ceased to fascinate van Baal, we have asked the contributors to concentrate on a rel­ igious subject. Within this broad area no specific topics have been solicit­ ed, and the authors-- mainly fellow anthropologists and students of relig­ ion-- have been able to pursue their own personal interests in the articles. Nevertheless, when the papers were collected, we found it possible to group them under three headings, each of which represents a facet of ·1an Baal's enduring interests. Of course, some overlap is inevitable, as it is in any categorisation of heterogeneaus items. The topics of the three sections by no means represent an exhaustive inventory of all fields van Baal has successfully explored. The focus on religion necessarily leaves out many problems van Baal has actively occ- ied hirnself with during his many-sided career. Thus the academic stance of the Festschrift in no way pays tribute to his prolonged concern with admi.

Kurzfassung: 1. Biochemistry of Insect Flight: Part 1 — Utilization of Fuels by Muscle -- Pathways for the Utilization of Carbohydrates, Amino acids and Fats in Flight Muscle -- The Control of Flight Muscle Mitochondrial Metabolism -- References -- 2. Biochemistry of Insect Flight: Part 2 — Fuel Supply -- The Nature of Respiratory Fuels -- Stores of Respiratory Fuels -- Lipids and their Metabolism -- Carbohydrates and their Metabolism -- The Supply of Amino Acid Fuels for Flight -- Conclusion -- References -- 3. Excretion in Insects -- Excretion Associated with the Malpighian Tubule-Rectum System -- Minor Excretory Systems -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Addendum -- 4. Synaptic Transmission in Insects -- General Outline of the Insect Nervous System -- Chemical Transmitters in the Central Nervous System -- Chemical Transmitters at the Neuromuscular Junction -- Summary -- References -- Addendum.

Kurzfassung: There has been a considerable upsurge in interest in insect bio­ chemistry and physiology in recent years and this has been reflected in a notable expansion in the number of original papers in this field. Whereas insect physiology has tended to receive ample attention from reviewers, the same has not always been true for the more biochemical aspects of insect research. This book is a venture to help redress the balance. No attempt has been made to cover all aspects of insect biochemistry, but rather a few topics have been selected which seemed to us to merit a review at the present time. One reason for this increased interest in insect biochemistry is perhaps the growing realization that insects can be very useful organisms to act as model systems for the experimental study of general biochemical principles. One remembers, for instance, that Keilin's perceptive observations on the flight muscles of living bees and wax moths led to his discovery of the cytochromes. The fundamental unity of biochemistry has long been accepted as a dogma by the faithful and the insect kingdom provides no exception to it. The main biochemical processes in insects are being revealed as essentially the same as in other life forms but, as so often found in comparative biochemistry, there are interesting variations on the central theme.

Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- 1. Preliminary Remarks: (Paulinism in the Middle Ages) -- 2. The Problem of (Justification in Medieval Theology) -- II. Justification in the (Pauline Commentaries) -- 1. The Commentaries -- 2. Conclusions and Analysis -- III. Justification in the early Scholastic Literature -- 1. The Carolingian Period -- 2. Early Scholasticism: Tenth to Twelfth Centuries -- IV. The Completion of the Medieval Doctrine: The Processus Justificationis -- 1. First Statements -- 2. The Completed Doctrine -- 3. The Later Scholastics -- V. Conclusions.

Kurzfassung: One of the pleasures and privileges of scholarship is the opportunity to express one's gratitude to friends and colleagues upon the occasion of a publication. As with many scholarly first books, this present work had its genesis as a doctoral dissertation, and hence my first and most profound acknowledgment must be to Professor S. Harrison Thomson of the University of Colorado, whom I am honored to be able to describe as my mentor. Only my fellow "Old Thomsonians" can appreciate the common debt we owe to this great medievalist who was also a magni­ ficent teacher and counsellor. Presently in retirement, he continues to be our principal inspiration and model of scholarly distinction. I am also greatly indebted to another former mentor and now my senior colleague and chairman at the University of Denver, Professor Allen D. Breck, who, together with Deans Edward A. Lindell and Gerhard H. Mundinger, constantly encouraged and assisted my further progress and read the manuscript in its final stages, offering many valuable sugges­ tions as to style and substance. My university provided me with generous support in the form of research funds and clerical services; I am grateful to. those colleagues who made this assistance possible, as well as to friends at other institutions who shared their knowledge and frequently gave salutary advice.

Kurzfassung: 1: Marx’s Critique Of Religion -- Religion and the Unity of Marx’s Thought -- The Beginning and End of Critisism -- From Natural Religion to the Religion of Civil Society -- The Substance and Functions of Religion -- 2: Engels’ Critique of Religion -- Engels’ Role in the Critisism of Religion -- From the Inception of Religion to its Transcendence -- The Masks and Disguises of Religion -- The Unity of Engels’ Critique of Religion -- 3: Lenin’s Critique of Religion -- The Origins, Development, Substance, and Functions of Religion -- Religion and the Unity of Marx, Engels, and Lenin -- Shamefaced Idealism, God-Building, and the Disadvantages of Improved Religion -- 4: Kautsky’s Critique of Religion -- Toward a Developed Materialist Theory of Religion -- Religion from Biblical Times to the Twentieth Century -- The Substance and Functions of Religion -- Kautsky: Stalwart Marxist or Renegade? -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: In view of the enormous number of works on Marxism in general and in light of the many books and articles touching on the relationship of Marxism to religion in particular, it may fairly be asked why yet another such work should be produced. My reply is that in eliciting answers to the kinds of questions posed by the methodology I have used, it was necessary to go to the primary sources almost exclusively. This is not to bemoan a sad fate but to affirm that there are notable deficiencies in the secondary sources relevant to my topic. By way of general indictment, I contend that the major difficulty with existing studies of the Marxist critique of religion is that their authors, whether expositors or critics, have failed both to specify their own presuppositions concerning religion and to approach the subject with an adequate comprehension of its many dimensions. Since, in most cases, the reader is equally unprepared, anthropologically, sociologically, psychologically, and historically, for clear and informed thought in this vast and nebulous area, the result has been widespread confusion. As if this were not enough, numerous writers with little more than polemical interests have compounded the confusion by failing to distinguish between religion in general and their own brands of faith in particular. Others have not discriminated between the concepts of metaphysics and the supernatural items of religious belief.

Kurzfassung: Berliner Erinnerungen 1933/34 -- „Raum“ und „Zeit“ als „Formen der Anschauung“ und als „Formale Anschauungen“ in Kants kritischer Theorie -- Zur Begriffsbildung der politischen Theorie -- Nietzsche und die Musik -- The System and the Phenomena: The Kant-Interpretations of Nicolai Hartmann and P. F. Strawson -- The Philosopher’s Thraldom. Alogical Sources of Philosophic Thought -- Durchgang und Aufbruch. Zu Max Müllers Sprach-Werk-Erläuterungen -- Selbstüberwindungen, ohne Ende? -- Mixed Pickles -- Rationalistische Verflachungen im modernen bürgerlichen Bewußtsein -- Probleme einer Geschichte der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung -- Kunst und Normalität. Zur Frage der Bewertung von künstlerischen Produktionen Geisteskranker -- Wirklichkeit als moralische Welt: Lessing zum Beispiel -- Der Begriff „Gehalt“ in Goethes Autobiographie „Dichtung und Wahrheit“ -- Some Observations on Kraus’s Impact Then and Now -- Die Philosophie der Landschaft in Brechts „Buckower Elegien“ -- Bibliographie Hermann Wein 1937–1972 -- Nachsatz.

Kurzfassung: So the philosopher's way to be is the source (Quelle) of his values and of his basic model; it is an important way of understanding thrall. It appears, now, that the thought of this paper could be simplified. The primary notion is the philosopher's "way to be." Style, locus of interest, nisus and way of thought can then be seen as growing out of this, as particular aspects or expressions of it. This entire paper then would be an attempt to come to grips with the primary notion. How is a "way to be" related to what is normally called a philo­ sopher's views or theories (the formulable core)? Is it not irrelevant as non-implicatory fact, like biographical details or social background? I do not think so. A philosopher's way to be is not external fact to the formulable core of his thought. It is not "internal" either in the logical sense. It is what allows us to comprehend his explicit views.

Kurzfassung: The Author’s Abstracts 1900/01 -- Author’s Abstract to Volume One in Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie, Vol. 24 (1900), pp. 511–12 -- Author’s Abstract to Volume Two in Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie und Soziologie, Vol. 25 (1901), pp. 260–63 -- A Draft of a “Preface” to the Logical Investigations, 1913 -- I. Eugen Fink’s Editorial Remarks -- II. Husserl’s Text.

Kurzfassung: TO THE LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS A DRAFT OF A PREFACE TO THE LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ( 1913) Edited by EUGEN FINK Translated with Introductions by PHILIP J. BOSSERT and CURTIS H. PETERS • MARTINUS NIJHOFF THE HAGUE 1975 © I975 by Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague. Netherlands All rights reserved. including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form ISBN-I3: 978-90-247-1711-8 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-010-1655-1 DOl: 10. 1007/978-94-010-1655-1 TO HERBERT SPIEGELBERG ESTEEMED SCHOLAR, MENTOR, FRIEND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our thanks to H. L. Van Breda, director of the Husserl-Archiv (Louvain), for his approval and encouragement of this project, and to Professor Dr. Gerhart Husserl, Professor Dr. Eugen Fink and the editors of Tijdschrift voor Philosophie for their permission to undertake it. We also owe a debt of appreciation to Dr. Karl Schuhmann of the Catholic University of Louvain and to Dr. Elmar Holenstein, Dr. Edi Marbach and Mr. Rudolf Bernet of the Husserl-Archiv (Louvain) for their help in reading the original manuscripts and for putting their excellent knowledge of the Husserl "Nachlass" preserved at the Archives at our disposal. We especially wish to thank Professor Herbert Spiegelberg whose careful and critical reading of our manuscript at an earlier stage resulted in numerous suggestions for its improvement; and, last but not least, our wives, Jane and Pam, for their help in preparing the typescripts. TABLE OF CONTENTS Translator's Introductions XI I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION XI II. THEMATIC INTRODUCTION XX III.

Kurzfassung: I. The Commentary to the Sentences -- II. The Logic of Rationate Being -- III. An Epistemology of Critical Realism -- IV. The Metaphysics of Being -- V. An Anthropology of the “Imago Dei” -- VI. The Contemplation of God as Man’s Natural End -- VII. The Value of Theological Language -- VIII. The Logic of Theological Language -- IX. Did St. Thomas Modify his Theory of Analogy?.

Kurzfassung: Author catalogue, with Illustrators, Composers, Anonymous Titles -- Index of Publishers, Printers, Series -- Concordance I -- Concordance II.

Kurzfassung: In May 1970 the 25th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands was celebrated in the King's Library of the British Museum with an ex­ hibition of Dutch clandestine printing. The books shown were part of the considerable collection assembled in the intervening years by Miss Anna Simoni in the course of her official duties in the Department. It has been decided that the size and quality of this collection justify the publication of a catalogue. For this, and the full indexes which have been provided, credit is also due to Miss Simoni. The British Library Board wishes to express its deep appreciation of the generosity of the donors and helpers whose names are mentioned in the introduction. K. B. Gardner Principal Keeper Department of Printed Books INTRODUCTION The Second World War saw German rule extended over many countries where most of the people were fundamentally opposed to the Nazi ide­ ology. In all these enslaved nations Resistance movements sprang up and they took various forms, one of the most important of which was the work of the illegal press. In the Netherlands, as elsewhere, under­ ground newspapers were of the greatest political importance. At the same time a large number of pamphlets helped to strengthen the peo­ ple's will to continue the struggle and to form public opinion on future developments.

Kurzfassung: Section 1 -- Tests concerning variances -- One tailed and two tailed tests -- The F-distribution Steps in application [6] -- Section 2 -- Regression Scatter diagram, dependent variable, regressor variable, regression coefficient -- Coefficient of correlation -- Tables -- F-distribution.

Kurzfassung: Exercises for Section 2 42 Physical sciences and engineering 42 43 Biological sciences 45 Social sciences Solutions to Exercises, Section 1 47 Physical sciences and engineering 47 49 Biological sciences 49 Social sciences Solutions to Exercises, Section 2 51 51 PhYSical sciences and engineering 55 Biological sciences 58 Social sciences 62 Tables 2 62 x - tests involving variances 2 63,64 x - one tailed tests 2 65 x - two tailed tests F-distribution 66-69 Preface This project started some years ago when the Nuffield Foundation kindly gave a grant for writing a pro­ grammed text to use with service courses in statistics. The work carried out by Mrs. Joan Hine and Professor G. B. Wetherill at Bath University, together with some other help from time to time by colleagues at Bath University and elsewhere. Testing was done at various colleges and universities, and some helpful comments were received, but we particularly mention King Edwards School, Bath, who provided some sixth formers as 'guinea pigs' for the first testing, the Bishop Lonsdale College of Education, and Bradford University. 2 OUf objectives in the text are to take students to the use of standard t, F and X tests, with some intro­ duction to regression, assuming no knowledge of statistics to start, and to do this in such a way that students attain some degree of understanding of the underlying reasoning. Service courses are often something of a problem to statistics departments.

Kurzfassung: I. Art as Existential Activity: The Role of Symbolism in the World of Merezhkovsky (1890–1899) -- I. The Poetry of Spiritual Despair -- II. The Formation of the Symbolist Ethos -- III. Nietzsche and Russian Symbolism -- II. Sanctifying the Profane: Merezhkovsky’s “New Religious Consciousness” (1899–1905) -- IV. The “New Religious Consciousness” -- V. The Apocalyptic Resolution of Christianity and Paganism -- VI. Proselytizing the “Third Revelation” -- III. The Apocalypse of Personal and Social Salvation: Merezhkovsky’s “Theocratic Society” (1905–1917) -- VII. The Religious Revolution -- VIII. The Theocratic Society -- Epilogue -- Conclusion.

Kurzfassung: As the central event of modern times, the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 remains a major focus of historical investigation and controversy. Unavoidably, the conception of the historical problems and the evidence presented are shaped by the historian's view on both the desirability and the inevitability of the Bolshevik Revolution. The years 1890-1917 are particularly important as the crucible in which revolutionary forces developed. In the nineties, Finance Minister Sergei Witte laid the groundwork for a modern economy. While he achieved many of his economic goals, the stresses and strains of forced draft industrialization contributed to the revival of the revolutionary movement; political instability was their immediate effect. By the turn of the century the peasants were in open revolt, an alienated and militant urban proletariat was emerging, and a cohesive liberal opposition was beginning to develop. All these groups demanded fundamental reforms including full political rights for all citizens. By 1905 they had gathered sufficient strength to force the government to issue a constitution and a legislature called the Duma. Neither side, however, was satisfied. The Imperial government tried to take back what it had granted under duress and the opposition parties attempted to discredit the system as "sham constitutionalism. " Only a small center was willing to work with the government and the government was not always willing to work with them.

Kurzfassung: Table of contents / Table des matières -- One Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights -- I. Individual Applications -- II. Cases Brought before the Court -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention In The Parliaments Of The Member States -- II. The Convention in the Domestic Courts of the Contracting Parties -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentaux -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque le Developpement de la Protection des Droits de l’Homme dans le Cadre du Conseil de l’Europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de l’Homme -- Chapitre I. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre II. Affaires Portees devant la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Troisieme Partie La Convention dans l’Ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de l’Europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention devant les Parlements des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. La Convention devant les Juridictions Internes des Etats Contractants -- Documentation and Bibliography -- A. Council of Europe Documents -- B. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- Alphabetical Index -- Annexe -- Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Documents du Conseil de l’Europe -- B. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l’Homme -- Index Alphabetique.

Kurzfassung: PREMIERE PARTIE TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX ET INFORMATIONS DE CARACTERE GENERAL CHAPITRE I. TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 B. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT INTERIEUR DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 C. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM­ MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) Autriche 9 Belgique II Italle II D. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) Autriche 13 Belgique 13 Italie 15 E. DECLARATIONS D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM­ MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES ET DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATOIRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME VISEES A L' AR­ TICLE 6, PARAGRAPHE 2 DU PROTOCOLE NO 4 A LA CONVENTION EUROPEENNE Autriche 15 F. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) Turquie 17 ANNEXES Etat des Ratifications, Declarations et Reserves au 31 dec- bre 1973 32 Etat des Depots des Ratifications au 31 decembre 1973 35 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER II. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES C. PROCEEDINGS D. SECRETARIAT CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION 54 B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 54 C. SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 58 D. REGISTRY OF THE COURT 58 CHAPTER IV. PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A.

Kurzfassung: 1 The Basis of the General Theory -- 1.1 The idealized machine -- 1.2 The two-winding transformer. Explanation of sign conventions and the per-unit system for electrical quantities -- 1.3 Magneto-motive force and flux in the rotating machine -- 1.4 Voltage and torque equations of the machine. The per-unit system for mechanical quantities -- 1.5 The fundamental assumptions. Saturation, harmonics, leakage -- 1.6 Calculation and measurement of parameters -- 2 The Primitive Machine -- 2.1 The equations of the cross-field commutator machine -- 2.2 Application to a simple d.c. machine -- 2.3 Equations for small changes and small oscillations -- 2.4 Sudden short-circuit of a d.c. generator -- 3 The Steady-State Phasor Diagrams of A.C. Machines -- 3.1 Representation of sinusoidal m.m.f. and flux waves by space phasors -- 3.2 The induction motor -- 3.3 The uniform air-gap synchronous machine -- 3.4 The salient-pole synchronous machine -- 3.5 Characteristic of a synchronous machine connected to an external supply -- 4 The General Equations of A.C. Machines -- 4.1 Equations in terms of phase variables -- 4.2 Transformation between various reference frames -- 4.3 Direct derivation of two-axis equations -- 4.4 Simplified equations of a synchronous machine with two damper coils -- 4.5 Equivalent circuits, operational impedances and frequency response loci -- 4.6 Summary of the equations for the synchronous machine with two damper coils -- 4.7 Modified equations with more accurate coupling between field and damper windings -- 4.8 General equations of the induction motor -- 5 Types of Problem and Methods of Solution and Computation -- 5.1 Classification of problems and methods of solution -- 5.2 Modified machine equations in terms of rotor angle ? -- 5.3 The state variable method and the state-space concept -- 5.4 Calculation of system response and stability -- 5.5 Optimization. Performance indices -- 5.6 Computational techniques for transient studies -- 6 Automatic Control of Synchronous Machines -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 Excitation control of a.c. generators -- 6.3 Quadrature field winding. The divided-winding-rotor generator -- 6.4 Speed governors -- 7 A.C. Operation of Synchronous Machines -- 7.1 Steady operation of the synchronous machine at synchronous speed -- 7.2 Starting of a synchronous motor -- 7.3 Negative-sequence reactance of a synchronous machine -- 7.4 Small changes relative to a steady state -- 7.5 Approximate methods for forced oscillations -- 7.6 Free oscillations. Steady-state stability -- 8 Synchronous Generator Short-Circuit and System Faults -- 8.1 Symmetrical short-circuit of an unloaded synchronous generator -- 8.2 The analysis of short-circuit oscillograms -- 8.3 Short-circuit of a loaded synchronous generator -- 8.4 Unsymmetrical short-circuit of a synchronous generator -- 8.5 System fault calculations -- 8.6 Sudden load changes -- 9 Synchronous Machine Problems Requiring Step-by-Step Computations -- 9.1 Transient stability -- 9.2 Swing curves of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus -- 9.3 Loss of synchronism of a synchronous generator. Effect on rectifier excitation systems -- 9.4 Optimization of control inputs -- 9.5 Techniques for a multi-machine system -- 10 Effects of Saturation and Eddy Currents on Machine Performance -- 10.1 General -- 10.2 Methods of allowing for saturation -- 10.3 Effect of eddy currents in the magnetic material -- 10.4 Effect of eddy currents in the rotor conductors -- 11 Induction Motor Problems -- 11.1 Application of equations in primary reference frame -- 11.2 Equations in secondary reference frame. Complex form of the equations -- 11.3 Short-circuit and fault currents due to induction motors -- 11.4 Transient stability calculations -- 12 Application to Less Common Types of Machine -- 12.1 Classification in relation to the theory -- 12.2 Application of two-axis theory -- 12.3 Application of the phase equations -- 13 Appendices -- 13.1 Representation of a.c. and transient quantities by complex numbers. The generalized phasor -- 13.2 Current and voltage transformations when power is invariant -- 13.3 Operational methods -- 13.4 The per-unit system -- References.

Kurzfassung: The book on The General Theory of Electrical Machines, by B. Adkins, which was published in 1957, has been well received, as a manual containing the theories on which practical methods of calculating machine performance can be based, and as a text-book for advanced students. Since 1957, many important developments have taken place in the practical application of electrical machine theory. The most important single factor in the development has been the increasing availability of the digital computer, which was only beginning to be used in the solution of machine and power system problems in 1957. Since most of the recent development, particularly that with which the authors have been concerned, has related to a. c. machines, the present book, which is in other respects an up-to-date version of the earlier book, deals primarily with a. c. machines. The second chapter on the primitive machine does deal to some extent with the d. c. machine, because the cross-field d. c. generator serves as an introduction to the two-axis theory and can be used to provide a simple explanation of some of the mathematical methods. The equations also apply directly to a. c. commutator machines. The use of the word 'general' in the title has been criticized. It was never intended to imply that the treatment was comprehen­ sive in the sense that every possible type of machine and problem The word is used in the sense that the theory can was dealt with.