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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461590538
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 330 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
    Kurzfassung: Information systems science is advancing in various directions with rapid strides. Many diversified ideas and methodologies have been revised and extended. Numerous new techniques and approaches have been con­ ceived and developed. Some recent advances are covered in this series. The fourth volume of this series provides in-depth discussions of some newly developed theories and techniques concerning computer language-level augmentation, time-sharing systems, text editing systems, grammars and automata, and error correcting codes in computer arithmetic. In Chapter 1, V. K. Smirnov presents an authoritative review of the augmentation of machine language level. He discusses the effects of ex­ tension of computer functions upon machine language and the influence of development of software systems upon the augmentation of computer language level. Some specific ways of augmenting the machine language level are examined. The problem of information organization, storage, search, and retrieval in a computer is studied. The introduction of higher-level languages has stimulated widespread applications of computers. Formal language theory has been recognized as a topic offundamental importance in the study of information systems science. In Chapter 2, M. A. Harrison examines the phrase-structure grammars, the right linear grammars, the context-free grammars, the LR(k) grammars, and the context-sensitive grammars. The author discusses the relations between mathematical models of computers and a family of formal lan­ guages. The language theory may stimulate new ideas for the augmentation of machine language level.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597018
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 717 p) , online resource
    Ausgabe: Fifth Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One Foundations of Atomic and Nuclear Physics1 Atoms, Ions, and Electrons -- 2 The Special Theory of Relativity -- 3 The Nuclear Atom -- 4 Some Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 5 X-Rays -- 6 Waves and Particles 153 6-1 De Brogue’s Hypothesis -- 7 Elements of Quantum Mechanics -- Two The Extranuclear Structure of the Atom -- 8 The Hydrogen Atom -- 9 Optical Spectra and Electronic Structure -- 10 X-Ray Spectra -- 11 Selected Applications of Quantum Physics -- Three Nuclear Physics -- 12 Particle Accelerators -- 13 Beam Transport and Detecting Devices -- 14 Radioactivity -- 15 Nuclear Reactions -- 16 Fission and Fusion of Nuclei -- 17 Nuclear Processes -- 18 Fundamental Particles -- Appendixes -- I Physical Constants and Conversion Factors The Greek Alphabet -- II Atomic Weights of the Elements -- III Periodic Table of the Elements -- IV Table of Nuclear Properties 655 V-1 Review of Vector Notation -- V-2 Displacement Equation for Brownian Motion -- V-3 Path of an Alpha Particle in a Coulomb Field of Force -- V-4 Derivation of the Equations for the Compton Effect -- V-6 Quantum Mechanrcal Solution of the Harmonic Oscillator -- V-8 Derivation of the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Distributions -- V-9 Probability Density Functions -- Answers to Selected Problems.
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468460421
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- II. Products of DNA Activation -- 2. Macromolecules-Functional and Biochemical Correlates -- 3. Brain Function and RNA -- 4. Macromolecules and Brain Function -- 5. Inhibitors of Cerebral Protein or RNA Synthesis and Memory -- 6. Biological Assays for the Molecular Coding of Acquired Information -- 7. Biological Activity of Antibrain Antibody—an Introduction to Immunoneurology -- 8. Correlation of the S-100 Brain Protein with Behavior -- III. Macromolecules and Intracellular, Intercellular, and Synaptic Events -- 9. Axoplasmic Flow-The Fast Transport System in Mammalian Nerve Fibers -- 10. A Molecular Basis for Regional Differentiation of the Excitable Membrane -- 11. Macromolecular Synthesis in Synapses -- 12. Chemical and Anatomical Plasticity of Brain: Replications and Extensions, 1970 -- 13. Macromolecular Change and the Synapse -- 14. Autoradiographic Examination of Behaviorally Induced Changes in the Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism of the Brain -- 15. Macromolecular Changes Within Neuron-Neuroglia Unit During Behavioral Events -- IV. Models of Memory -- 16. Molecular Biological Approaches to the Study of Memory -- 17. Some Dimensions of Remembering: Steps Toward Neuropsychological Model of Memory.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. Introduction1. Introduction -- II. Products of DNA Activation -- 2. Macromolecules-Functional and Biochemical Correlates -- 3. Brain Function and RNA -- 4. Macromolecules and Brain Function -- 5. Inhibitors of Cerebral Protein or RNA Synthesis and Memory -- 6. Biological Assays for the Molecular Coding of Acquired Information -- 7. Biological Activity of Antibrain Antibody-an Introduction to Immunoneurology -- 8. Correlation of the S-100 Brain Protein with Behavior -- III. Macromolecules and Intracellular, Intercellular, and Synaptic Events -- 9. Axoplasmic Flow-The Fast Transport System in Mammalian Nerve Fibers -- 10. A Molecular Basis for Regional Differentiation of the Excitable Membrane -- 11. Macromolecular Synthesis in Synapses -- 12. Chemical and Anatomical Plasticity of Brain: Replications and Extensions, 1970 -- 13. Macromolecular Change and the Synapse -- 14. Autoradiographic Examination of Behaviorally Induced Changes in the Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism of the Brain -- 15. Macromolecular Changes Within Neuron-Neuroglia Unit During Behavioral Events -- IV. Models of Memory -- 16. Molecular Biological Approaches to the Study of Memory -- 17. Some Dimensions of Remembering: Steps Toward Neuropsychological Model of Memory.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468416954
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural Science -- II. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics Within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard De Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    Kurzfassung: In a world that peers over the brink of disaster more often than not it is difficult to find specific assignments for the scholarly community. One speaks of peace and brotherhood only to realize that for many the only real hope of making a contribution may seem to be in a field of scientific specialization seemingly irrelevant to social causes and problems. Yet the history of man since the beginnings of science in the days of the Greeks does not support this gloomy thesis. Time and again we have seen science precipitate social trends or changes in the humanistic beliefs that have a significant effect on the scientific community. Not infrequently the theoretical scientist, triggered by society's changing goals and understandings, finds ultimate satisfaction in the work of his colleagues in engineering and the other applied fields. Thus the major debate in mid-nineteenth century in which the evidence of natural history and geology at variance with the Biblical feats provided not only courage to a timid Darwin but the kind of audience that was needed to fit his theories into the broad public dialogue on these topics. The impact of "Darwinism" was felt far beyond the scientific community. It affected social thought, upset religious certainties and greatly affected the teaching of science.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural ScienceII. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics Within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard De Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468417104
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- II. Basic Biomedicine -- Speed of application -- Reproductive physiology -- Regulatory mechanisms -- The lungs -- The hormones, insulin and diabetes -- Hormones and ulcers -- Neurophysiology and mental diseases -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Comparative physiology -- Macromolecules and DNA -- The proteins -- Enzymes -- Biosynthesis -- Metabolic events -- Energy -- The molecular basis of disease -- Rational design of drugs -- Application of basic knowledge -- Selected additional reading -- III. Clinical Medicine -- Infectious diseases -- Parasitic diseases -- Community health and epidemiology -- Military research contributions -- Drugs -- Immunology -- Transplantation -- Anesthesiology -- Surgery -- Cardiovascular surgery -- Cardiovascular disease -- Renal disease -- Pulmonary disease -- Hematology -- Endocrinology -- Medical genetics -- Pediatrics -- Obstetrics and gynecology -- Geriatrics -- Nutrition -- Neurology -- Psychiatry -- Ophthalmology -- Otorhinolaryngology -- Radiology -- Nuclear medicine -- Bioengineering -- Automation -- Rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- IV. Dental Science -- Dental decay -- Periodontal disease -- Other clinical considerations -- Delivery of dental services -- Dental materials -- Orthodontics -- Surgical orthodontics -- Maxillofacial prosthesis -- Selected additional reading -- V. Food -- Food from plants -- Harvest to table -- Food from animals -- Animal disease control -- Preserving and distributing food from animals -- Processing and preserving foods -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- VI. Population Biology -- Population potential and carrying capacity -- Populations in ecosystems -- Controlling pest populations -- Selected additional reading -- VII. Environmental Hazards -- Biological hazards to man -- Chemical hazards to man -- Physical hazards to man -- Selected additional reading -- VIII. Marine Sciences -- Feeding man -- Resource assessment -- Behavior studies -- Value of prediction of fishing success -- Preservation of fishery products -- Fish protein concentrate -- Management of renewable resources -- Diseases and parasites -- Man and his environment -- Health and medical research -- Selected additional reading -- IX. Natural Resources -- Man and his resources -- Land: the greatest resource -- Forest and timber resources -- Game management -- Technology in resource management -- Microbes—the unseen resource -- Conversion of waste to resource -- Preserving for the future -- Conservation of man’s abundance -- Selected additional reading.
    Kurzfassung: The Science of Life: Contributions of Biology to Human Welfare is the first of what we anticipate will be a series of monographs resulting from activities of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. From time to time material drawn from symposia presented at the an­ nual meetings of the Societies, when considered suitable, will be published as separate FASEB Monographs. Usually, the material will have appeared in Federation Proceedings. Occasionally, other papers resulting from symposia, conferences, or special meetings sponsored by the Federation or one of its constituent societies will appear as a F ASEB monograph. In some instances, special articles on the same topic will be drawn together under one cover. Why should information which has already been printed and distributed as a part of the editorial content of a journal be republished as a monograph? Most of the ma­ terial to be included in this effort, particularly the symposia presented at the annual meetings of the six Federated Societies, will summarize the state of the art ex­ cellently. Such information will be of considerable value to students and teachers, especially for undergraduate honors courses or in graduate studies.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. IntroductionII. Basic Biomedicine -- Speed of application -- Reproductive physiology -- Regulatory mechanisms -- The lungs -- The hormones, insulin and diabetes -- Hormones and ulcers -- Neurophysiology and mental diseases -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Comparative physiology -- Macromolecules and DNA -- The proteins -- Enzymes -- Biosynthesis -- Metabolic events -- Energy -- The molecular basis of disease -- Rational design of drugs -- Application of basic knowledge -- Selected additional reading -- III. Clinical Medicine -- Infectious diseases -- Parasitic diseases -- Community health and epidemiology -- Military research contributions -- Drugs -- Immunology -- Transplantation -- Anesthesiology -- Surgery -- Cardiovascular surgery -- Cardiovascular disease -- Renal disease -- Pulmonary disease -- Hematology -- Endocrinology -- Medical genetics -- Pediatrics -- Obstetrics and gynecology -- Geriatrics -- Nutrition -- Neurology -- Psychiatry -- Ophthalmology -- Otorhinolaryngology -- Radiology -- Nuclear medicine -- Bioengineering -- Automation -- Rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- IV. Dental Science -- Dental decay -- Periodontal disease -- Other clinical considerations -- Delivery of dental services -- Dental materials -- Orthodontics -- Surgical orthodontics -- Maxillofacial prosthesis -- Selected additional reading -- V. Food -- Food from plants -- Harvest to table -- Food from animals -- Animal disease control -- Preserving and distributing food from animals -- Processing and preserving foods -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- VI. Population Biology -- Population potential and carrying capacity -- Populations in ecosystems -- Controlling pest populations -- Selected additional reading -- VII. Environmental Hazards -- Biological hazards to man -- Chemical hazards to man -- Physical hazards to man -- Selected additional reading -- VIII. Marine Sciences -- Feeding man -- Resource assessment -- Behavior studies -- Value of prediction of fishing success -- Preservation of fishery products -- Fish protein concentrate -- Management of renewable resources -- Diseases and parasites -- Man and his environment -- Health and medical research -- Selected additional reading -- IX. Natural Resources -- Man and his resources -- Land: the greatest resource -- Forest and timber resources -- Game management -- Technology in resource management -- Microbes-the unseen resource -- Conversion of waste to resource -- Preserving for the future -- Conservation of man’s abundance -- Selected additional reading.
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468417043
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. Movement -- 3. Models -- 4. Dynamic Systems -- 5. Signals -- 6. Control -- 7. Automatic Control -- 8. Optimal Control -- 9. Automata -- 10. The Computer -- 11. Adaptation -- 12. Games -- 13. Learning -- 14. Large Systems -- 15. Operational Control -- 16. The Brain -- 17. Organised Systems -- 18. Man and Machine -- 19. Outline of Future Prospects.
    Kurzfassung: The development of science consists not only of deepening and widening the already established scientific disciplines but also depends on the emergence of new ones. The emergence and development of new sciences is influenced primarily by two factors: isolation and generalisation. Isolation of scientific disciplines is due to the discovery of new objects of investigation and the emergence of specific scientific trends. This leads to the study of a relatively narrow class of objects which are characterised by their specific approach to both the formulation and the solution of problems. Examples of this type of specific scientific diSciplines include, for instance, chemistry of high molecular compounds and the theory of electrical machines, which are both devoted to the study of a relatively narrow field. In addition there are the more general scientific disciplines, whose characteristics are that they are created for the purpose of studying such natural phenomena as occur in a very wide class of objects. Disciplines of this type are, for instance, the theory of dimensions and the theory of similarity, the theory of dynamic systems and thermodynamics. The very general, as opposed to the very specific, sciences tend by their nature to be more theoretical and depend much more on the language, mathematical or otherwise, used to describe them.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Introduction2. Movement -- 3. Models -- 4. Dynamic Systems -- 5. Signals -- 6. Control -- 7. Automatic Control -- 8. Optimal Control -- 9. Automata -- 10. The Computer -- 11. Adaptation -- 12. Games -- 13. Learning -- 14. Large Systems -- 15. Operational Control -- 16. The Brain -- 17. Organised Systems -- 18. Man and Machine -- 19. Outline of Future Prospects.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9781468419658
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural Science -- II. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard de Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine Be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    Kurzfassung: In a world that peers over the brink of disaster more often than not it is difficul t to find specific assignments for the scholarly community. One speaks of peace and brotherhood only to realize that for many the only real hope of making a contribution may seem to be in a field of scientific specialization seemingly irrelevant to social causes and problems. Yet the history of man since the beginnings of science in the days of the Greeks does not support this gloomy thesis. Time and again we have seen science precipitate social trends or changes in the humanistic beliefs that have a significant effect on. the scientific community. Not infrequently the theoretical scientist, triggered by society's changing goals and understandings, finds ultimate satisfaction in the work of his colleagues in engineering and the other applied fields. Thus the major debate in mid-nineteenth century in which the evidence of natural history and geology at variance with the Biblical feats provided not only courage to a timid Darwin but the kind of audience that was needed to fit his theories into the broad public dialogue on these topics. The impact of "Darwinism" was felt far beyond the scientific community. It affected social thought, upset religious certainties and greatly affected the teaching of science.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural ScienceII. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard de Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine Be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468419740
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Computer simulation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Rationale for Computer Simulation in Materials Science -- I. Introduction -- II. Patterns of Science -- III. The Student and His Research -- IV. Examples of Systems Events in the Crystallization Area -- 2. Lectures on Large-Scale Finite Difference Computation of Incompressible Fluid Flows -- I. The Differential Equations -- II. Stability Analysis of the Difference Equations -- III. Applications of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- IV. Description of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- Appendix: Computer Listings of the Hydrodynamic Programs -- 3. Computer Simulation of Diffusion Problems Using the Continuous System Modeling Program Language -- I. Introduction -- II. System/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (S/360 CSMP) -- III. Heat Transfer in an Insulated Bar -- IV. The Freezing of a Liquid -- 4. Computer Simulation of Vapor Deposition on Two-Dimensional Lattices -- I. Basic Concepts of Physical Processes -- II. The Computer Simulation Model -- III. Random Numbers and Simulation Strategy -- IV. Real and Simulated Time -- V. The VDS Programs -- VI. The Computer Simulation Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 5. Introduction to Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- I. Basic Concepts of Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- II. The Nature of the Problem -- III. Real Molecular Systems -- IV. The Calculation of Quantum-Mechanical Two-Electron Multi-center Integrals via Transformation Theory -- V. Computational Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 6. Numerical Simulation of Weather -- I. Physical Phenomena -- II. Numerical Methods -- III. Computer Requirements -- References.
    Kurzfassung: This set of lectures is the outgrowth of a new course in the Department of Materials Science at Stanford University. It was taught collectively by the authors of the various sections and represents an attempt to increase the awareness of students in the materials area of computer simulation techniques and potentialities. The topics often ranged far afield from the materials area; however, the total package served the intended purpose of being an initiation into the world of computer simulation and, as such, made a useful first iteration to the intended purpose. The second iteration, which is in process, deals exclusively with the materials area. The course was designed to teach students a new way to wrestle with "systems" problems in the materials science work area that require the synthesis and interactions of several disciplines of knowledge. This course was a response to the realization that effective handling of real problems, which are essentially systems problems, is one of the most important at­ tributes of a graduate materials scientist. About a third of the course was devoted to the student's selected problem, in the materials area, which he simulated using the digital computer.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Rationale for Computer Simulation in Materials ScienceI. Introduction -- II. Patterns of Science -- III. The Student and His Research -- IV. Examples of Systems Events in the Crystallization Area -- 2. Lectures on Large-Scale Finite Difference Computation of Incompressible Fluid Flows -- I. The Differential Equations -- II. Stability Analysis of the Difference Equations -- III. Applications of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- IV. Description of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- Appendix: Computer Listings of the Hydrodynamic Programs -- 3. Computer Simulation of Diffusion Problems Using the Continuous System Modeling Program Language -- I. Introduction -- II. System/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (S/360 CSMP) -- III. Heat Transfer in an Insulated Bar -- IV. The Freezing of a Liquid -- 4. Computer Simulation of Vapor Deposition on Two-Dimensional Lattices -- I. Basic Concepts of Physical Processes -- II. The Computer Simulation Model -- III. Random Numbers and Simulation Strategy -- IV. Real and Simulated Time -- V. The VDS Programs -- VI. The Computer Simulation Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 5. Introduction to Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- I. Basic Concepts of Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- II. The Nature of the Problem -- III. Real Molecular Systems -- IV. The Calculation of Quantum-Mechanical Two-Electron Multi-center Integrals via Transformation Theory -- V. Computational Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 6. Numerical Simulation of Weather -- I. Physical Phenomena -- II. Numerical Methods -- III. Computer Requirements -- References.
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