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  • 2020-2024  (236)
  • 2021  (236)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health
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  • 2020-2024  (236)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mesure du bien-être des enfants : Cadre conceptuel pour de meilleures données (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Measuring what matters for child well-being and policies
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cette synthèse reprend certaines des principales conclusions de notre rapport Mesurer le bien-être des enfants et les politiques en la matière, soulignant la nécessité de disposer de meilleures données sur la vie des enfants afin d'élaborer des politiques efficaces. Il présente un nouveau cadre de mesure du bien-être des enfants qui identifie les aspects de leur vie qui devraient être mesurés et la meilleure façon de surveiller leur bien-être. Il souligne également l'importance d'accroître la régularité et l'actualité de la collecte de données, d'améliorer les techniques de liaison et de combinaison des données et de renforcer la capacité de l'infrastructure de données à collecter des données sur les groupes d'enfants vulnérables.
    DOI: 10.1787/e53147e8-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Faces of joblessness in Finland : A people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.258
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland
    Abstract: Following five years of economic growth, employment in Finland increased to 72.6% of the working-age population in 2019. The effects of the strong recovery, however, were not felt by all, and long-term unemployment remains stubbornly high. This report uses a statistical clustering model to map individuals with similar support needs into 8 “faces” of joblessness: (1) the rural inactive; (2) unstable workers; (3) skilled retirees; (4) urban active; (5) female carers; (6) low-skilled youth; (7) prime-aged low skilled; and finally (8) those with limited financial incentives. These results shed light on the effectiveness of existing employment support strategies, and lay the foundation for the development of holistic policy packages: that are tailored to the barriers people face; that recognise most people with weak labour-market attachment face multiple barriers, and that coordinate policy interventions across policy domains and institutions accordingly.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca3bc4a4-en
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring what matters for child well-being and policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Mesure du bien-être des enfants : Cadre conceptuel pour de meilleures données
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This Policy Insights relates some of the key findings from our report Measuring What Matters for Child Well-being and Policies, highlighting the need for better data on children's lives to inform the development of effective policies. It introduces a new framework for child well-being measurement that identifies which aspects of children's lives should be measured and how to best monitor child well-being. It also emphasises the importance of increasing the regularity and timeliness of data collection, improving data linking and combining techniques, and strengthening the capacity of data infrastructure to collect data on vulnerable groups of children.
    DOI: 10.1787/0a4ffd2d-en
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inégalités patrimoniales et insécurité financière des ménages (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inequalities in household wealth and financial insecurity of households
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'insécurité financière des ménages est une préoccupation croissante dans les pays de l'OCDE, en particulier pour ceux qui se situent dans la moitié inférieure de la distribution des richesses. Ces ménages ne disposent pas des ressources nécessaires pour faire face aux chocs de revenus. Au cours de la période qui a précédé la crise du COVID-19, de nombreux ménages étaient surendettés et près de la moitié des personnes à faible revenu ne disposaient pas d'une épargne d'urgence. Pour relever ces défis, les gouvernements doivent se concentrer sur des politiques qui favorisent la constitution de richesses pour les ménages les plus pauvres, tout en limitant la concentration des richesses parmi les 10 % de ménages les plus riches. Pour en savoir plus, consultez cette synthèse qui explore les inégalités en matière de richesse et l'insécurité financière des ménages.
    DOI: 10.1787/60d9f45a-fr
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Una evaluación del impacto del COVID-19 en la demanda de empleo y competencias utilizando datos de vacantes de empleo en línea (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe An assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on job and skills demand using online job vacancy data
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: Este informe de políticas utiliza los anuncios de ofertas de empleos en línea como un indicador parcial del impacto del COVID-19 en la demanda de competencias en cinco países de la OCDE (Australia, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Nueva Zelanda y Reino Unido) entre enero y noviembre de 2020. La pandemia, así como las medidas de contención y mitigación para detener su propagación, tuvieron un gran pero heterogéneo impacto en la demanda de competencias. Para inicios de mayo, el volumen total de ofertas de empleo en línea había caído más de 50% en todos los países analizados con respecto a principios del año, con descensos aún mayores en algunos sectores. Sin embargo, la demanda de competencias específicas en el sector salud y logística aumentó. También hay evidencia de un aumento de las vacantes que implican acuerdos de trabajo remoto. El informe también muestra que la crisis afectó de forma diferente a personas con distintos niveles de cualificaciones educativas y que dicho efecto difiere entre los países analizados.
    DOI: 10.1787/1db3a550-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abordar el impacto en la salud mental de la crisis de COVID-19: Una respuesta integrada de toda la sociedad (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tackling the mental health impact of the COVID-19 crisis: An integrated, whole-of-society response
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Apporter une réponse englobant toutes les composantes de la société face aux conséquences de la crise du COVID 19 sur la santé mentale
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La crisis de COVID-19 ha intensificado los factores de riesgo generalmente asociados con una salud mental deficiente –inseguridad financiera, desempleo, miedo– mientras que los factores protectores –conexión social, compromiso laboral y educativo, acceso al ejercicio físico, una rutina diaria, acceso a los servicios de salud– se desplomaron dramáticamente. Esto ha conducido hacía el deterioro significativo y sin precedentes de la salud mental de la población. En todos los países, la salud mental de las personas desempleadas y de aquellos que experimentaban inseguridad financiera era más desfavorable que la de la población en general, una tendencia que precede a la pandemia, pero que parece haberse acelerado en algunos casos. Los países de la OCDE han respondido con esfuerzos decisivos para aumentar los servicios de salud mental, y poner en práctica medidas para proteger los empleos e ingresos y, por consiguiente, reducir la angustia mental para algunos. Sin embargo, la escala de angustia mental, desde el inicio de la pandemia, requiere de un apoyo integrado a la salud mental de toda la sociedad para evitar cicatrices permanentes.
    DOI: 10.1787/7da96bf1-es
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inequalities in household wealth and financial insecurity of households (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.2
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inégalités patrimoniales et insécurité financière des ménages
    Keywords: Haushaltseinkommen ; Vermögensverteilung ; Niedrigeinkommen ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The financial insecurity of households is a growing concern across OECD countries, particularly for those in the bottom half of the wealth distribution. These households lack the necessary resources to cope with income shocks. In the run-up to the COVID-19 crisis, many households were over-indebted, and almost half of lower-income individuals lacked emergency savings. To address these challenges, governments must focus on policies that support wealth building for poorer households, while also limiting the concentration of wealth among the richest 10% of households. Learn more in our Policy Insights that explores inequalities in household wealth as well as the financial insecurity of households.
    DOI: 10.1787/b60226a0-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shingata koronauirusu kiki kara no fukkō: chōki kaigo bumon no seisaku taiō (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: 新型コロナウイルス危機からの復興：長期介護部門の政策対応
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Shingata koronauirusu (COVID-19) e no OECD seisaku taiō
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rising from the COVID 19 crisis: Policy responses in the long-term care sector
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/2b3151e7-ja
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kýpros: Prophíl Ygeías 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: Κύπρος: Προφίλ Υγείας 2021
    ISBN: 9789264550261
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cyprus: Country Health Profile 2021
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Cyprus
    DOI: 10.1787/9c7129fc-el
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Institutional set-up of active labour market policy provision in OECD and EU countries : Organisational set-up, regulation and capacity (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.262
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This study provides a framework to compare and classify the institutional set-up of active labour market policy (ALMP) provision across countries, which is a key determinant of how well ALMP systems can respond to changing labour market needs, e.g. in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The paper builds on an OECD-EC questionnaire on “Active labour market policy measures to mitigate the rise in (long-term) unemployment” filled in by OECD and EU countries in the last quarter of 2020. The paper presents a dashboard of the institutional set-up of ALMP provision in 43 OECD and EU countries, which classifies the ALMP systems of different countries according to their organisational set-up (i.e. division of responsibilities between key stakeholders), their regulatory set-up (i.e. key legislation regulating ALMP provision) and their capacity to deliver employment support services (i.e. resources available).
    DOI: 10.1787/9f2cbaa5-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bringing Household Services Out of the Shadows : Formalising Non-Care Work in and Around the House (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264419490 , 9789264915763 , 9789264480902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Hauspersonal ; Schwarzarbeit ; Schätzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Despite years of growth in the number of women in paid work, gender roles in unpaid housework have remained remarkably rigid. Unpaid housework can be outsourced to non-care household service providers, such as cleaners or housekeepers, however, high prices, a substantial tax burden and a lack of easy access impose barriers to greater formalisation of the household service sector. With the aim of increasing work-life balance for households, in particular for women in employment, and reducing the wide-ranging practice of undeclared employment, a number of OECD countries have implemented policies to formalise and boost the provision of non-care household services. This report illustrates the importance of the non-care household service sector and reviews international approaches in formalising the non-care household service market, ranging from providing tax incentives or granting social vouchers, to identify good practice. To highlight the potential economic gains that could follow from easing the housework burden, the report also estimates the economic value of unpaid housework provided by men and women.
    DOI: 10.1787/fbea8f6e-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benefits and wages: Participation tax rates for families claiming guaranteed minimum income benefits (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This indicator measures the financial disincentives to participate in the labour market. It shows the proportion of earnings in the new job that are lost to either higher taxes or lower benefit entitlements when a jobless person takes up employment and their family claims social assistance and/or Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) benefits. Higher values means higher financial disincentives.
    DOI: 10.1787/c5f462ab-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Economic Benefits of Air Quality Improvements in Arctic Council Countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813274 , 9789264539976 , 9789264956902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arctic Council ; Luftreinhaltung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Arktis ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Canada ; Denmark ; Finland ; Iceland ; Norway ; Russian Federation ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: The Arctic is a vital region that helps preserve the balance of the global climate. The Arctic environment is particularly sensitive to short-lived climate pollutants, including black carbon, due to their strong warming effect. With ambitious policy action to reduce air pollutants, Arctic Council countries would obtain a positive effect on health and the environment throughout their territory, while also helping to slow down climate change by reducing emissions of black carbon. This report calls for ambitious policy action to reduce air pollution in Arctic Council countries, highlighting the environmental, health, and economic benefits from policy action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c46037d-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fitter Minds, Fitter Jobs : From Awareness to Change in Integrated Mental Health, Skills and Work Policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264727465 , 9789264497689 , 9789264750982
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: A series of reviews of mental health and work policies in selected OECD countries revealed the challenge of mental health for social and labour market outcomes and policies and the high costs of the continued stigmatisation of mental health for individuals, employers and societies. To better respond to this challenge, in early 2016 health and employment ministers from the 38 OECD countries endorsed a Recommendation of the Council on Integrated Mental Health, Skills, and Work Policy. The Recommendation asked for a holistic mental-health-in-all-policies approach, with particular attention to a timely and integrated delivery of services and the involvement of frontline actors. Five years later, it is time to assess progress achieved in the policy areas covered by the Recommendation (health policy, youth policy, workplace policy, and welfare policy). This report complements a legal document prepared by the OECD on the implementation of the Recommendation five years after its adoption, and adds quantitative evidence to it as well as considerations about the implications of the experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic on future versions of the Recommendation. Policy is in flux in most countries but much more will have to be done to implement the principles and fulfil the promises of the Recommendation.
    DOI: 10.1787/a0815d0f-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Better Life Index (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: There is more to life than the cold numbers of GDP and economic statistics. This dataset contains the 2018 data of the Better Life Index which allows you to compare well-being across countries as well as measuring well-being, based on 11 topics the OECD has identified as essential, in the areas of material living conditions and quality of life.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fc45398-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Employment and unemployment rates by gender and place of birth (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD International Migration Statistics
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This database presents data showcasing the employment and unemployment rates of the population by gender and place of birth.
    DOI: 10.1787/cb6be73a-en
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ireland: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264747340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Irland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Ireland as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f7fb3b8-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estonia: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264789531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Eesti: riigi terviseprofiil 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Estland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Estonia as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/a6c1caa5-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poland: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264465664
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Polska: Profil systemu ochrony zdrowia 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Polen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Poland as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/e836525a-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hungary: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264560222
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Magyarország: Egészségügyi országprofil 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Coronavirus ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Ungarn ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Hungary as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/482f3633-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Income distribution (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Comparable data on the distribution of household income provide both a point of reference for judging the performance of any country and an opportunity to assess the role of common drivers as well as drivers that are country-specific. They also allow governments to draw on the experience of different countries in order to learn "what works best" in narrowing income disparities, inequality and poverty. But achieving comparability in this field is also difficult, as national practices differ widely in terms of concepts (inequality), measures (GINI), and statistical sources. This database includes GINI and income inequality data; it replaces the datasets "Income distribution: inequality" ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00199-en ) and "Income distribution: poverty" ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00200-en ).
    DOI: 10.1787/e95394bd-en
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  • 22
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    Online Resource
    Improving Regulatory Delivery in Food Safety : Mitigating Old and New Risks, and Fostering Recovery (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264730700 , 9789264700635 , 9789264554245
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Lebensmittelsicherheit ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: This report describes how regulators around the world adapted to the confusion brought by the COVID-19 crisis to ensure the supply of food while maintaining food safety and security. It brings together examples of regulatory responses at regional, national and international levels. The report also discusses how, despite all the challenges, the pandemic has helped uncover new regulatory tools and foster a culture of flexibility and agility in regulatory systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf34907e-en
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    Artificial intelligence and employment : New cross-country evidence (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.265
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: Recent years have seen impressive advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and this has stoked renewed concern about the impact of technological progress on the labour market, including on worker displacement. This paper looks at the possible links between AI and employment in a cross-country context. It adapts the AI occupational impact measure developed by Felten, Raj and Seamans (2018[1]; 2019[2]) – an indicator measuring the degree to which occupations rely on abilities in which AI has made the most progress – and extends it to 23 OECD countries. The indicator, which allows for variations in AI exposure across occupations, as well as within occupations and across countries, is then matched to Labour Force Surveys, to analyse the relationship with employment. Over the period 2012-2019, employment grew in nearly all occupations analysed. Overall, there appears to be no clear relationship between AI exposure and employment growth. However, in occupations where computer use is high, greater exposure to AI is linked to higher employment growth. The paper also finds suggestive evidence of a negative relationship between AI exposure and growth in average hours worked among occupations where computer use is low. While further research is needed to identify the exact mechanisms driving these results, one possible explanation is that partial automation by AI increases productivity directly as well as by shifting the task composition of occupations towards higher value-added tasks. This increase in labour productivity and output counteracts the direct displacement effect of automation through AI for workers with good digital skills, who may find it easier to use AI effectively and shift to non-automatable, higher-value added tasks within their occupations. The opposite could be true for workers with poor digital skills, who may not be able to interact efficiently with AI and thus reap all potential benefits of the technology.
    DOI: 10.1787/c2c1d276-en
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  • 24
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    Measuring transboundary impacts in the 2030 Agenda : Conceptual approach and operationalisation (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.01
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; International ; Internationale Beziehungen ; Welt ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This paper explores the conceptual framing and measurement of transboundary impacts in the context of the 2030 Agenda. It starts by defining transboundary impacts and reviewing different measurement approaches used so far. It then proposes a typology of transboundary impacts, classified depending on the type of international flows involved: financial flows, trade flows, movements of people, environmental flows and knowledge transfers. For each of these flows, transboundary impacts can be either positive or negative, depending on the aspect considered and on the conditions in origin and destination countries. Based on this framework, the paper presents evidence from a qualitative survey of experts about the potential impact of these five flows on each of the 17 Goals and 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda. Transboundary impacts are deemed by experts to be quite pervasive across SDGs, but also limited in scope to a small number of well-identified targets. Finally, the framework is operationalised for some specific areas within each of the five types of flows mentioned above, with the help of some proxy indicators. At the global level, the five types of transboundary relationships are dominated by three macro-regions, namely China, the United States-Canada and Europe, mainly reflecting the large size of these regions in most cases. When the assessment is conducted in relative terms (i.e. when impacts are normalised by population size or GDP), the picture becomes more nuanced, as 7 out of the 11 world regions considered record at least two large transboundary impacts. While this operationalisation is only meant to show how the proposed framework could be applied to concrete cases, the paper recommends its applications to other areas within each of the five flows, based on a richer set of indicators.
    DOI: 10.1787/62f13e92-en
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    Spain: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264630383
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe España: Perfil Sanitario del país 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Spain as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ed63dd4-en
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    Slovak Republic: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264822290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Slovensko: Zdravotný Profil Krajiny 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Slowakei ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in the Slovak Republic as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ba546fe-en
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    Eliminating Gender-based Violence : Governance and Survivor/Victim-centred Approaches (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264974593 , 9789264527676 , 9789264531413
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: Gender-based violence affects many aspects of survivors' and victims' lives, including access to education, employment, housing, health care, legal support, and physical and mental health services. While many governments have enacted policies and programmes to eradicate gender-based violence and address its intersectional impacts, strategic planning, policy co-ordination, and long-term investment in services has often been uneven. This publication explores how countries can strengthen public governance systems, respond to the needs and experiences of survivors/victims, and improve access to justice and accountability to effectively address gender-based violence.
    DOI: 10.1787/42121347-en
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  • 28
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    Health status (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Health Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This dataset presents internationally comparable statistics on morbidity and mortality with variables such as life expectancy, causes of mortality, maternal and infant mortality, potential years of life lost, perceived health status, suicide, infant health, dental health, communicable diseases, cancer, injuries, and absences from work due to illness.
    DOI: 10.1787/e5cec995-en
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  • 29
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    Health care resources (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Health Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This dataset includes comparative tables analysing various health care resources such as total health and social employment, physicians by age, gender, categories, midwives, nurses, caring personnel, personal care workers, dentists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, hospital employment, graduates, remuneration of health professionals, hospitals, health equipment, hospital beds, medical technology with their respective subsets. The statistics are expressed in different units of measure such as number of persons, salaried, self-employed, per population.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d946fc0-en
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  • 30
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    Benefits and wages: Adequacy of Guaranteed Minimum Income benefits (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This dataset shows the income of jobless families relying on minimum-income safety-net benefits as a percentage of the median disposable income in the population. This can be compared with a poverty line defined as a fixed percentage of median income. For instance, if the poverty threshold is 50% of median income, a value of 30% means that benefit entitlements alleviate poverty risks of 60%. Data are presented from 2001 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a75bcf9-en
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    Gender Equality: Gender equality in entrepreneurship (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/dec37dd5-en
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  • 32
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    Time Use (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Time-use surveys are the primary statistical vehicle for recording information on how people precisely allocate their time across different day-to-day activities. Typically, a large number of people keep a diary of activities over one or several representative days for a given period. Respondents describe their activities in their own words in a time diary and these are then re-coded by national statistical agencies into a set of descriptive categories. A well-designed survey classifies activities across a total duration of 24 hours (or 1 440 minutes) per day. Interest in time-use studies has grown considerably over the last 30 years and an increasing number of national statistical agencies have been conducting large-scale time-use surveys
    DOI: 10.1787/dfdd9f12-en
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    Health expenditure and financing: Input cost for health care provision (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Health Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This dataset provides internationally comparable data on the cost structures of health care provision.
    DOI: 10.1787/8e14ed3b-en
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  • 34
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    Benefits and wages: Net replacement rates in unemployment (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Net replacement rates in unemployment measure the proportion of previous in-work income that is maintained after several months of unemployment. Data are presented from 2001 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f12a431-en
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  • 35
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    Family Indicators (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The OECD Family Indicators database was developed to provide cross-national indicators on family outcomes and family policies across the OECD countries, its enhanced engagement partners and EU member states. The database brings together information from various national and international databases, both from within the OECD and from external organisations. The database classifies indicators into four main dimensions: (i) structure of families, (ii) labour market position of families, and (iii) public policies for families and children (iv) child outcomes
    DOI: 10.1787/f46af4b7-en
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    Benefits and wages: Effective tax rate on increasing working hours (Edition 2021) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This dataset shows the fraction of any additional earnings that is lost to either higher taxes or lower benefits when an employed person increases their working hours. Data are presented from 2001 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/e9c26719-en
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    Pay Transparency Tools to Close the Gender Wage Gap (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264942394 , 9789264230941 , 9789264876095
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gender Equality at Work
    Keywords: Lohnstruktur ; Vergütungssystem ; Transparenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Women continue to earn less than men, in spite of major societal changes over decades and many labour market, educational and public policy initiatives that have targeted the gender wage gap. To address this persistent challenge, many governments are now mandating promising new pay transparency tools like employer pay gap reporting, equal pay audits, and gender-neutral job classification systems. These policies hold considerable allure. Pay transparency offers a relatively simple and intuitive way to identify and address gender wage gaps when they occur in a workplace. These policies can function well in publicising wage gaps and incentivising employers to address the inequalities they find – but only with the right policy design and implementation. This report presents the first stocktaking of pay transparency tools across OECD countries and explores how such policies can help level the playing field for women and men at work.
    DOI: 10.1787/eba5b91d-en
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    Health for the People, by the People : Building People-centred Health Systems (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264475458 , 9789264761674 , 9789264464315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Health systems have to meet the changing needs of an increasingly assertive population and an ever more complex health policy context. Digitalisation, population ageing, chronic diseases, new pandemic threats, and evolving expectations of what health services should deliver – and how – have raised questions of whether health systems meet the needs and facilitate engagement of the people. Agreement is widespread that a shift towards more people-centred health systems is needed. But how this is done, and what a more people-centred health system looks like, is far less settled. The OECD Framework and Scorecard for People-Centred Health Systems identifies critical dimensions of people-centredness for health systems and benchmarks the progress countries have made towards a more people-centred approach to health. It considers the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on people-centredness, and identifies key policies – and policy challenges – to assist the development of more people-centred health systems across OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/c259e79a-en
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    OECD Report on Public Communication : The Global Context and the Way Forward (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264684423 , 9789264904743 , 9789264509252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Politische Kommunikation ; Kommunikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The first OECD Report on Public Communication: The Global Context and the Way Forward examines the public communication structures, mandates and practices of centres of governments and ministries of health from 46 countries, based on the 2020 Understanding Public Communication surveys. It analyses how this important government function contributes to better policies and services, greater citizen trust, and, ultimately, stronger democracies in an increasingly complex information environment. It looks at the role public communication can play in responding to the challenges posed by the spread of mis- and disinformation and in building more resilient media and information ecosystems. It also makes the case for a more strategic use of communication by governments, both to pursue policy objectives and promote more open governments, by providing an extensive mapping of trends, gaps and lessons learned. Finally, it highlights pioneering efforts to move towards the professionalisation of the government communication function and identifies areas for further research to support this transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/22f8031c-en
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    Redistribution from a joint income-wealth perspective : Results from 16 European OECD countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.257
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Redistributive analyses typically use household income as the main reference variable to rank households and to assess their tax liabilities and benefit entitlements. However, the importance of wealth, and the potential redistributive effects of wealth-related taxation, are increasingly recognised. By using data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) as input data for the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD, we assess the redistributive effects of taxes and benefits against the joint income-wealth distribution for 16 European OECD countries. This is a new approach that extends indicators developed in the asset-based poverty literature. We study wealth-related taxes alongside other tax-benefit instruments. The analysis allows us to gain insight into which types of policies are redistributive in which institutional settings taking account of the distribution of both income and wealth. This paper extends our pilot study of six countries (Kuypers, Figari, & Verbist, 2019), and updates it to 2017 policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/22103c5e-en
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    Enhancing public trust in COVID-19 vaccination: The role of governments (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Impfung ; Arzneimittel ; Vertrauen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: While the rapid development of vaccines against COVID‑19 is an extraordinary achievement, successfully vaccinating the global population presents many challenges, from production to distribution, deployment, and importantly, acceptance. Trust in the vaccines is vital, and is critically dependant on the ability of governments to communicate the benefits of vaccination, and to deliver the vaccines safely and effectively. This brief addresses the role of governments in promoting confidence in the effectiveness and safety through effective communication, as well as trust in their ability to procure and distribute them efficiently and equitably. While only a small minority of the population holds strong anti-vaccination views, hesitancy about COVID‑19 vaccination is evident in many countries. Recognising that vaccination campaigns of the magnitude needed are unprecedented, government actions to garner trust will be essential to their success, and to the emergence of more resilient societies after the crisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/eae0ec5a-en
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    L’accès aux vaccins anti-COVID-19 dans un monde en crise : état des lieux et stratégies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)ワクチンの供給：世界的危機へのグローバルなアプローチ
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Access to COVID-19 vaccines: Global approaches in a global crisis
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Grâce à l’extraordinaire rapidité de développement des vaccins anti‑COVID‑19, des campagnes d’immunisation sont aujourd’hui en cours dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE. La demande continuera toutefois de dépasser l’offre pendant encore un certain temps et la carte de distribution révèle aujourd’hui une forte asymétrie en faveur des pays à haut revenu. Une situation à la fois inéquitable et inefficiente. C’est en acheminant les vaccins vers les pays qui en ont le plus besoin que l’on sauvera le plus grand nombre de vies possible. C’est aussi en freinant la transmission et en réduisant la probabilité d’apparition de variants préoccupants du virus par la vaccination que l’on parviendra plus vite à maîtriser la pandémie. Les pays doivent donc agir sans attendre pour accélérer l’effort vaccinal à l’échelle mondiale, sans considération de frontières. Ceci inclut : réorienter les vaccins vers les zones qui en ont le plus besoin ; continuer d’élargir la production ; veiller à ce que la logistique et les infrastructures sanitaires nécessaires soient en place ; fournir des aides supplémentaires, financières et en nature, au dispositif COVAX ; élaborer des stratégies à long terme qui engagent les États à assurer la disponibilité de vaccins là où le besoin s’en fait le plus sentir, y compris par le partage de la propriété intellectuelle et le transfert de technologie.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe64d679-fr
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    The inequalities-environment nexus : Towards a people-centred green transition (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Papers no.2021/01
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltpolitik ; Verteilungspolitik ; Verteilungswirkung ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has amplified the urgency of addressing together the dual challenges of inequality and environmental degradation. This paper contributes to the debate on the inequalities-environment nexus by analysing the consequences of the environmental degradation and of environmental policies on four well-being dimensions: health, income and wealth, work and job quality, and safety. The analysis shows that the impacts of environmental degradation tends to be concentrated among vulnerable groups and households. At the same, the benefits and costs of environmental policies are also likely to be unevenly distributed across households. In this context, policy packages for an inclusive green transition should aim at: (i) mitigating the possible regressive impact of pricing environmental externalities, (ii) investing in human capital and upgrading skills to facilitate labour reallocation, (iii) addressing systemic inequalities with sectoral and place-based policies, (iv) ensuring efficient and responsive governance. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for an effective framework to measure progress towards a people-centred green recovery, and possible areas of future work.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca9d8479-en
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    Towards gender-inclusive recovery (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This brief aims to support governments in designing gender-inclusive approaches to emergency management and recovery, building on OECD work and standards on gender equality in public life. Often due to pre-existing gender inequalities and socio-cultural norms, women have been disproportionately affected by the social and economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on information gathered from OECD members through an April 2020 survey and consultation with the Working Party on Gender Mainstreaming and Governance, the brief explores practices and challenges in accounting for gender-differentiated impacts and the economic inclusion of both men and women in government responses to the pandemic. It also looks at how countries can promote gender equality as part of the recovery process, including through the use of tools for planning, regulations, budgets and public procurement. Ultimately, this brief provides insights on creating conditions for emergency management and recovery that take into account the needs of both men and women.
    DOI: 10.1787/ab597807-en
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    The impact of Artificial Intelligence on the labour market : What do we know so far? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.256
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Die Auswirkungen von KI auf die Arbeitsmärkte: Was wir bislang wissen
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This literature review takes stock of what is known about the impact of artificial intelligence on the labour market, including the impact on employment and wages, how AI will transform jobs and skill needs, and the impact on the work environment. The purpose is to identify gaps in the evidence base and inform future OECD research on AI and the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/7c895724-en
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    Survey results: National health data infrastructure and governance (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.127
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The strengthening of health data infrastructure and governance is a policy priority of the OECD. This report presents findings from the 2019-20 OECD survey of health data development, use and governance. Health ministries and health data authorities in twenty-three countries responded to the survey. Survey results indicate variability across countries in health data use and governance and identify a small number of countries with most of the policies and practices that protect privacy and health data security and foster the development, use, accessibility and sharing of key national health datasets for research and statistical purposes that were measured. The findings from the survey provide input for further discussion on health data development in multiple areas of work, notably in the digital community.
    DOI: 10.1787/55d24b5d-en
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  • 47
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    Scaling up policies that connect people with jobs in the recovery from COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Active labour market policies (ALMPs) that connect people to jobs will help to ensure an equitable and sustained recovery from the COVID‑19 crisis. Already in 2020, many governments reacted swiftly to the crisis by increasing funding for their public employment services (PES), training programmes and measures to increase labour demand. This has allowed the PES to hire additional staff and expand remote and digital accessibility to ensure service continuity. However, additional resources are needed in 2021 and the years to come to ensure that high-quality employment services and programmes can be effective in fostering a quick reintegration of the many jobseekers into the labour market. This policy brief highlights how OECD and a number of other countries have responded to the crisis in adapting and expanding the provision of employment services.
    DOI: 10.1787/a91d2087-en
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  • 48
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    Empowering the health workforce to make the most of the digital revolution (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.129
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Digital technologies offer unique opportunities to strengthen health systems. However, the digital infrastructure only provide the tools, which on their own cannot transform the health systems, but need to be put to productive use by health workers. This report discusses how to engage and empower the health workforce to make the most of the digital revolution. While many health workers already use some digital tools and perceive the benefits that they bring to them and to patients, many also question the value digital technologies produce in health care or complain about technology getting in the way of work. Moreover, health workers often report not having sufficient opportunities for the up-skilling required to fully use new technologies or that the legal, financial, and organisational aspects of work – designed in the pre-digital era – do not enable them to reap the full benefits of these new technologies. Health workers and patients also demand appropriate safeguards against possible lack of transparency or threats to data privacy.
    DOI: 10.1787/37ff0eaa-en
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  • 49
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    International migration and movement of doctors to and within OECD countries - 2000 to 2018 : Developments in countries of destination and impact on countries of origin (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.126
    Keywords: 2000-2018 ; Internationale Migration ; Ärzte ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper presents the most recent data on the number of migrant doctors in the health workforce in the OECD countries, as well as the impact these regular migration flows have on the countries of origin, including an analysis of the developments since 2000. The objective of this paper is to inform policy dialogue at the national and international levels. The share of migrant doctors has continued to rise over the last two decades across the OECD countries, with around two-thirds of all foreign-born or foreign-trained doctors originating from within the OECD area and upper-middle-income countries. The lower-middle-income countries account for around 30% and low-income countries for 3-4% of the foreign-born and 4% of the foreign-trained doctors. In countries of origin that are large, migration to (other) OECD countries has a moderate impact, but some of the relatively smaller countries or those with weak health systems experience significant losses of (needed) health professionals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ca8643e-en
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  • 50
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    Un’indagine sulle politiche per il telelavoro : Governare lo sviluppo occupazionale ed economico locale ai tempi del lavoro a distanza (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exploring policy options on teleworking: Steering local economic and employment development in the time of remote work
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Questo documento esplora e classifica alcune delle politiche più comuni tra i responsabili politici nazionali, regionali e locali durante o prima della pandemia di COVID-19 per rendere praticabile, promuovere e sfruttare al meglio il telelavoro. Vengono inoltre analizzate alcune misure miranti ad attrarre e trattenere in determinati territori i lavoratori e gli imprenditori che operano a distanza. L’attuale crisi ha comportato, tra gli altri aspetti, una sperimentazione di massa del telelavoro, senza precedenti per dimensioni e portata. La transizione verso un modello di telelavoro diffuso su vasta scala e su base permanente avrebbe profonde implicazioni per la geografia del lavoro a livello locale. Le PMI potrebbero essere meno attrezzate delle grandi imprese per affrontare tale cambiamento. Le politiche pubbliche possono assumere un ruolo cruciale nel trasformare il telelavoro in un'opportunità per tutti, e ridurre il rischio di un potenziale ampliamento delle disparità preesistenti tra persone, territori e aziende.
    DOI: 10.1787/443d0cd6-it
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  • 51
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    Designing active labour market policies for the recovery (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Active labour market policies (ALMPs) that connect people to good jobs will help to promote an equitable and sustained recovery from the COVID‑19 crisis. Labour demand measures have been vital to preserve jobs in the short term and countries have begun to implement a suite of training programmes for displaced workers. Getting the correct balance of ALMPs is essential for ensuring an effective use of resources that reach, the people in need, including those most at risk of permanent detachment from the labour market and respond well to their needs. This policy brief highlights how OECD countries and a number of other countries have responded to the crisis in adapting and expanding the suite of ALMPs that they offer to prepare for an inclusive recovery.
    DOI: 10.1787/79c833cf-en
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  • 52
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    The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis and recovery across levels of government (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’impact territorial du COVID-19 : Gérer la crise et la reprise aux différents niveaux d’administration
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: The regional and local impact of the COVID-19 crisis is highly heterogeneous, with significant implications for crisis management and policy responses. This paper takes an in-depth look at the territorial impact of the COVID-19 crisis across its different dimensions: health, economic, social and fiscal. It provides a comprehensive overview of national and subnational government response measures to manage the vaccination campaigns across levels of government and mitigate the territorial effects of the crisis. Finally, the paper offers a forward looking perspective on the crisis’ implications for multi-level governance, as well as points for policy-makers to consider as they build more resilient regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/a2c6abaf-en
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  • 53
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    Die Auswirkungen von KI auf die Arbeitsmärkte: Was wir bislang wissen (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The impact of Artificial Intelligence on the labour market: What do we know so far?
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Diese Literatursichtung untersucht, was über die Auswirkungen der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) auf den Arbeitsmarkt bereits bekannt ist. Dabei geht es insbesondere um die Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung und Löhne, auf Tätigkeitsprofile und Kompetenzanforderungen sowie auf das Arbeitsumfeld. Ziel dieser Bestandsaufnahme ist es, Lücken in der Evidenzbasis aufzuzeigen und künftige Forschungsarbeiten der OECD zu KI und den damit verbundenen Arbeitsmarkteffekten zu unterstützen.
    DOI: 10.1787/540444e1-de
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  • 54
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    Financing the extension of social insurance to informal economy workers : The role of remittances (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.344
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Financer l’extension de l’assurance sociale aux travailleurs de l’économie informelle à l’aide des transferts de fonds
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Albania ; Armenia ; Costa Rica ; El Salvador ; Gambia ; Honduras ; Liberia ; Malawi ; Mexico ; Namibia ; Niger ; Peru ; South Africa ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Thailand ; Viet Nam ; Zambia
    Abstract: Informal employment, defined through the lack of employment-based social protection, constitutes the bulk of employment in developing countries, and entails a level of vulnerability to poverty and other risks that are borne by all who are dependent on informal work income. Results from the Key Indicators of Informality based on Individuals and their Households database (KIIbIH) show that a disproportionately large number of middle‑class informal economy workers receive remittances. Such results confirm that risk management strategies, such as migration, play a part in minimising the potential risks of informal work for middle‑class informal households who may not be eligible to social assistance. They further suggest that middle‑class informal workers may have a solvent demand for social insurance so that, if informality-robust social insurance schemes were made available to them, remittances could potentially be channelled to finance the extension of social insurance to the informal economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/bbc70a07-en
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  • 55
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    雇用・企業支援： 復興期への橋渡し (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting jobs and companies: A bridge to the recovery phase
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Soutenir l'emploi et les entreprises : Une des clés de la reprise
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)危機の発生から1年が経ち、未来は確かに明るくなっているように見えるが、今はまだ人々と企業への政策支援を撤回する時期ではない。多くの国々で労働市場の状況を示す主要指標は2020年第2四半期のそれより改善しているが、雇用保護措置によって保護されている労働者が数百万人おり、またその他に失業者数が数百万人に上る。今後数か月間、各国が復興計画の実施準備を進める中で、依然として危機の影響を深刻に受けている世帯と企業への支援を継続しつつ、雇用創出と仕事復帰のインセンティブを与えることが不可欠である。こうした措置がなければ、復興は経済的、社会的にさらに悪い状態から始まることになる。短期的なコストは高いが、大量倒産、大量失業、経済不況、労働市場の悪化のコストよりは遥かに低い。さらに、その短期的なコストは支援を最も脆弱な部門、起業、世帯、そして起業と雇用創出への支援に対象を絞ることで削減することができる。
    DOI: 10.1787/5ed64277-ja
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  • 56
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    Effets du COVID-19 sur la consommation d’alcool et mesures prises pour prévenir la consommation nocive d’alcool (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The effect of COVID-19 on alcohol consumption, and policy responses to prevent harmful alcohol consumption
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La pandémie de COVID‑19 et les mesures qui ont été prises par les États pour y faire face et limiter les déplacements ont eu un impact sur les modes et les lieux de consommation d’alcool. Si le chemin de la reprise reste encore long et difficile, cette crise accroît également le risque de boire avec excès pour faire face au stress. Depuis le début de la pandémie, les violences domestiques –pour lesquelles la consommation nocive d’alcool est un facteur de risque- s’accroissent. La consommation nocive d'alcool nuit à la santé, provoque des maladies et des blessures, affaiblit les mesures de lutte contre le COVID‑19 et entraîne des coûts économiques et sociaux importants. Des ensembles exhaustifs de mesures s’appuyant sur une approche de type « PPPP » (politiques de Prix, actions des services de Police pour lutter contre la conduite en état d’ivresse, services de soins Primaires à l’écoute des gros buveurs, réglementation des activités de Promotion de l’alcool) permettent d’améliorer l’état de santé et de soutenir une reprise économique et sociale plus vigoureuse après la pandémie.
    DOI: 10.1787/600e9145-fr
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  • 57
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    Migration in Asia : What skills for the future? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Afghanistan ; Bahrain ; Bangladesh ; India ; Indonesia ; Kuwait ; Malaysia ; Nepal ; Oman ; Pakistan ; Philippines ; Qatar ; Saudi Arabia ; Sri Lanka ; Thailand ; United Arab Emirates ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: The world is increasingly facing a technologically changing employment landscape and such changes are directly affecting the future demand for skills. For regional economies built on labour migration, the impending changes will affect migrants and their families, their countries of origin and the recruitment systems they are attached to – and ultimately disrupt the development benefits of migration. This paper investigates how the future of the employment landscape will affect migration within the Abu Dhabi Dialogue, a regional consultative process for migration in Asia. It investigates the impending changes in the demand for skills in countries of destination, how such changes will affect migration processes and whether countries of origin are ready for the changes. It provides recommendations on how regional consultative processes can foster dialogue between key actors from both countries of origin and destination to better navigate future changes and ensure a smooth transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/38a9c133-en
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  • 58
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    Laying the foundations for artificial intelligence in health (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.128
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to make health care more effective, efficient and equitable. AI applications are on the rise, from clinical decision-making and public health, to biomedical research and drug development, to health system administration and service redesign. The COVID-19 pandemic is serving as a catalyst, yet it is also a reality check, highlighting the limits of existing AI systems. Most AI in health is actually artificial narrow intelligence, designed to accomplish very specific tasks on previously curated data from single settings. In the real world, health data are not always available, standardised, or easily shared. Limited data hinders the ability of AI tools to generate accurate information for diverse populations with potentially very complex conditions. Having appropriate patient data is critical for AI tools because decisions based on models with skewed or incomplete data can put patients at risk. Policy makers should beware of the hype surrounding AI and identify and focus on real problems and opportunities that AI can help address. In setting the foundations for AI to help achieve health policy objectives, one key priority is to improve data quality, interoperability and access in a secure way through better data governance. More broadly, policy makers should work towards implementing and operationalising the OECD AI Principles, as well as investing in technology and human capital. Strong policy frameworks based on inclusive and extensive dialogue among all stakeholders are also key to ensure AI adds value to patients and to societies. AI that influences clinical and public health decisions should be introduced with care. Ultimately, high expectations must be managed, but real opportunities should be pursued.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f62817d-en
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  • 59
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    What have countries done to support young people in the COVID-19 crisis? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Jugendpolitik ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Young people have been hard hit by the wide-reaching labour market and social impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. Youth unemployment has increased considerably; education and work‑based learning have been heavily disrupted; and many young people are suffering from financial insecurity, housing instability and mental distress. OECD governments have responded to this situation by taking comprehensive policy measures for young people, ranging from labour market and income support measures, to housing responses and mental health support. This policy brief provides an overview of the measures that countries have put in place to avoid a long-lasting negative impact on the employment prospects and aspirations of young people.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac9f056c-en
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  • 60
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    One year of SME and entrepreneurship policy responses to COVID-19: Lessons learned to “build back better” (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 中小企業・企業向け新型コロナウイルス感染症対策の1年: ｢より良い復興」に向けた教訓
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Unternehmensgründung ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the diverse range of SME and entrepreneurship policy measures implemented during the course of a year since the start of the COVID-19 crisis, with a view to identify lessons learned and implications for policy going forward, and assist governments build evidence-based policies to support SME recovery and resilience. The paper documents how SMEs were at the centre of the disruptions at the start of the pandemic and that one year later they stand in an even more precarious position, in particular young firms and start-ups, the self-employed, as well as women-led or minority-owned businesses. Governments acted swiftly to put in place ambitious support for SMEs and entrepreneurs, but one year into the pandemic, they are facing a complex dilemma that emergency liquidity support remains essential but at the same time it is not sustainable over the longer term and may have potential negative effects that need to be addressed to support the recovery. This paper formulates 15 lessons learned to help governments address three challenges: First, to continue support measures to avoid a liquidity crisis among SMEs while minimising the negative side effects; Second, to ensure that the gradual phase out of this emergency support does not create an SME solvency crisis; And third, to introduce effective policies that foster SME recovery.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a230220-en
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  • 61
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    Financer l’extension de l’assurance sociale aux travailleurs de l’économie informelle à l’aide des transferts de fonds (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.344
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Financing the extension of social insurance to informal economy workers: The role of remittances
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Albania ; Armenia ; Costa Rica ; El Salvador ; Gambia ; Honduras ; Liberia ; Malawi ; Mexico ; Namibia ; Niger ; Peru ; South Africa ; Tanzania, United Republic of ; Thailand ; Viet Nam ; Zambia
    Abstract: L'emploi informel, défini par l'absence de protection sociale basée sur l'emploi, constitue la majeure partie de l'emploi dans les pays en développement, et entraîne un niveau de vulnérabilité à la pauvreté et à d'autres risques qui sont supportés par tous ceux qui dépendent des revenus du travail informel. Les résultats de la base de données des Indicateurs clés de l’informalité en fonction des individus et leurs ménages (KIIbIH) montrent qu'un nombre disproportionné de travailleurs de l'économie informelle de la classe moyenne reçoivent des transferts de fonds. Ces résultats confirment que les stratégies de gestion des risques, telles que la migration, jouent un rôle dans la minimisation des risques potentiels du travail informel pour les ménages informels de la classe moyenne qui peuvent ne pas être éligibles à l'aide sociale. Ils suggèrent en outre que les travailleurs informels de classe moyenne peuvent avoir une demande solvable d'assurance sociale, de sorte que, si des régimes d'assurance sociale adaptés aux besoins des travailleurs informels leur étaient accessibles, les transferts de fonds pourraient potentiellement être canalisés pour financer l'extension de l'assurance sociale à l'économie informelle.
    DOI: 10.1787/8bae9cb5-fr
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  • 62
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    Measuring What Matters for Child Well-being and Policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264599390 , 9789264673533 , 9789264583535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (295 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kinder ; Lebensqualität ; Sozialer Indikator ; Messung ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: To design, implement and monitor effective child well-being policies, policy-makers need data that better capture children’s lives, measure what is important to them and detect emerging problems and vulnerabilities early on. Despite improvements in recent decades, there are still important gaps in both national and cross-national child data. Countries can achieve progress if the right actions are taken. Measuring What Matters for Child Well-being and Policies lays the groundwork for improved child well-being measurement and better data to inform better child well-being policies. It outlines an “aspirational” framework for child well-being measurement, setting out which aspects of children’s lives should be measured, and how, to better monitor child well-being. It also outlines priorities for child data development and identifies key data gaps, all with the aim of motivating improvements in child data infrastructures.
    DOI: 10.1787/e82fded1-en
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    Multi-dimensional Review of the Western Balkans : Assessing Opportunities and Constraints (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264652880 , 9789264378919 , 9789264861763
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (654 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Südosteuropa ; Albanien ; Bosnien-Herzegowina ; Kosovo ; Nordmazedonien ; Serbien ; Education ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Kosovo ; North Macedonia ; Serbia
    Abstract: The Western Balkans region has come a long way over the last two decades in achieving economic and social progress. With a population of 17.6 million, the region today boasts a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of close to EUR 100 billion, an average GDP per capita of about EUR 5 400 and a comprehensive process of integration with the European Union. This report provides multi-dimensional assessments across the economic, social, finance, governance and environmental pillars of sustainable development for five economies of the region. The region’s location, its deep relationships with Europe and its academic tradition present many opportunities for future development, especially at a time when distances are shrinking further with digitalisation. Making the most of this potential will require collaboration in tackling challenges, which have been further exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Boosting competences and education, strengthening social cohesion and ensuring a green transformation towards clean energy and the valuation of the region’s natural wealth, emerge as strategic priorities. Beyond practical and financial constraints, future solutions must address considerable institutional and governance challenges that remain across the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d5cbc2a-en
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    Main Findings from the 2020 Risks that Matter Survey (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264948853 , 9789264700154 , 9789264326828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Risiko ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred perhaps the largest expansion of social protection systems in seventy years. Yet many people are still deeply affected by the crisis and are calling for even more help. Drawing on 25 000 responses across 25 OECD countries, the 2020 Risks that Matter survey finds that people are worried about keeping their jobs, paying the bills and staying healthy. Almost seven out of ten respondents say that their government should be doing more to ensure their economic and social security, and many are willing to pay more in taxes to support this. The perspectives presented in this report offer important lessons for how to expand and reform social protection as our societies and economies slowly start to recover from the pandemic.
    DOI: 10.1787/b9e85cf5-en
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  • 65
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    Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de meilleures politiques du logement (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264439801 , 9789264714618 , 9789264359291
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Brick by Brick: Building Better Housing Policies
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Le présent rapport rassemble des données factuelles et recense différentes expériences internationales ainsi que divers éclairages sur l'action publique concernant les politiques du logement. L'accent est mis sur trois dimensions principales : inclusivité, efficience et durabilité. De fait, l’inclusivité de l’accès au logement est devenu un enjeu de plus en plus pressant dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, en grande partie sous l’effet de la hausse des coûts du logement due à une offre insuffisante pour répondre à la demande, particulièrement dans les bassins d’emploi en milieu urbain. Les contraintes géographiques peuvent être invoquées, mais dans de nombreuses villes, la réglementation, notamment les dispositions en matière d'occupation des sols et d’aménagement du territoire, pèsent aussi sur l’offre. Parallèlement, certaines dispositions régissant les relations entre locataires et propriétaires peuvent constituer un frein au développement des marchés locatifs, ce qui pousse les loyers à la hausse. En outre, la transition vers une économie bas carbone représente un défi majeur pour un secteur qui, au niveau mondial, représente 17 % des émissions de CO2 et 37 % des émissions de particules fines. Or, près de deux tiers des pays de la planète n’ont pas encore adopté de codes d’efficacité énergétique obligatoires pour les bâtiments. Il est essentiel d’anticiper, car les logements ont une durée de vie très longue. On trouvera dans le présent rapport des options étayées sur des données probantes permettant d’envisager une action publique concertée pour relever ces défis, en tenant compte des complémentarités existantes et arbitrages nécessaires entre les différents objectifs des politiques du logement. Cet ouvrage fait partie intégrante de la boîte à outils de l’OCDE sur le logement, qui comprend un tableau de bord interactif d'indicateurs du logement et des aperçus par pays.
    DOI: 10.1787/78520651-fr
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  • 66
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    Igualdad de género en Chile : Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264370609 , 9789264864252 , 9789264377363
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Equality in Chile: Towards a Better Sharing of Paid and Unpaid Work
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Chile
    Abstract: El informe de la OCDE sobre Igualdad de género en Chile: hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado es el primero de una serie que aborda los países de América Latina y el Caribe. El informe compara las brechas de género en los resultados laborales y educativos en Chile con otros países. Presta particular atención a la distribución desigual del trabajo no remunerado y la carga adicional que esto implica para las mujeres. Así mismo, investiga cómo las políticas y programas en Chile pueden hacer que esta distribución sea más equitativa. La primera parte del informe examina la evidencia sobre las brechas de género y sus causas, incluyendo el papel que juegan los estereotipos de género. La segunda parte desarrolla un marco de trabajo integral para abordar estos desafíos, presentando una amplia gama de opciones para reducir la carga del trabajo no remunerado que recae sobre las mujeres, y para aumentar los ingresos laborales de estas. La última parte analiza el impacto de la crisis de COVID-19 y considera cómo las prioridades políticas del gobierno tendrán que adaptarse para afrontar estos desafíos.
    DOI: 10.1787/c7105c4d-es
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  • 67
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    Inheritance Taxation in OECD Countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264470675 , 9789264977501 , 9789264634282
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (149 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.28
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impôt sur les successions dans les pays de l’OCDE
    Keywords: Erbschaftsteuer ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation
    Abstract: The report explores the role that inheritance taxation could play in raising revenues, addressing inequalities and improving efficiency in OECD countries. It provides background on the distribution and evolution of household wealth and inheritances, assesses the case for and against inheritance taxation drawing on existing theoretical and empirical literature, and examines the design of inheritance, estate and gift taxes in OECD countries. The report concludes with a number of reform options that governments could consider to improve the design and functioning of wealth transfer taxes.
    DOI: 10.1787/e2879a7d-en
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  • 68
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    Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d'étape (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264462229 , 9789264948679 , 9789264347151
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe التكامل الإقليمي في الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط: تقرير مرحلي
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: Intégration régionale dans l’Union pour la Méditerranée : Rapport d’étape analyse les grandes tendances et l’évolution de l’intégration dans la région euro-méditerranéenne. Le rapport examine cinq domaines d’intégration régionale, à savoir l’intégration commerciale, l’intégration financière, l’intégration des infrastructures, la mobilité des personnes, ainsi que la recherche et l’enseignement supérieur. Le rapport présente une analyse originale des modèles et des défis de l’intégration dans la région euro-méditerranéenne, qui met en évidence l’interdépendance des domaines examinés – par exemple, comment accroître le commerce régional sans une connectivité des transports abordable ? Le rapport apporte un nouvel éclairage basé sur l’analyse temporelle d’indicateurs de performances quantitatifs et qualitatifs spécifiques. Près de 100 graphiques et tableaux présentent les données de 42 pays membres de l’Union pour la Méditerranée et, le cas échéant, des pays partenaires de la région. Le rapport fournit des points clés à retenir et des recommandations stratégiques visant à favoriser l’intégration régionale dans chacun des cinq domaines.
    DOI: 10.1787/3a41651e-fr
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  • 69
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    Brick by Brick : Building Better Housing Policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264551183 , 9789264516762 , 9789264739871
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de meilleures politiques du logement
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: The report brings together evidence, international experience and policy insights for the design of housing policies. Emphasis is placed on three broad aspects: inclusiveness, efficiency and sustainability. Inclusive access to housing has become increasingly challenging in many OECD countries due to a large extent to rising housing costs, which reflects the failure of housing supply to meet demand, particularly in jobs-rich urban areas. Geographical constraints play a role, but in many cities regulations, including on land-use and zoning provisions, also constrain supply. At the same time, some regulations on tenant-landlord relations can discourage the development of rental markets, pushing up rents. Moreover, the transition to a low-carbon economy poses challenges for a sector that accounts for 17% of CO2 emissions and 37% of fine particulate matter emissions globally. Almost two-thirds of countries worldwide still lack mandatory building energy codes. Frontloading efforts is critical as dwellings have a very long lifespan. The report lays out evidence-based options for concerted policy action to address these challenges, while recognising complementarities and trade-offs amond the different objectives of housing policies. The report is part of the OECD Housing Tookit, which includes an interactive online dashboard of housing indicators and country snapshots.
    DOI: 10.1787/b453b043-en
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  • 70
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    Ökonomie der Patientensicherheit, Teil III: Langzeitpflege : Der Wert der Sicherheit auf lange Sicht (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The economics of patient safety Part III: Long-term care: Valuing safety for the long haul
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Heute werden mehr Menschen in Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen versorgt als je zuvor, darunter immer mehr Personen mit chronischen Krankheiten und Mehrfacherkrankungen. Diese Entwicklung dürfte sich in Anbetracht der zunehmenden Bevölkerungsalterung im OECD-Raum fortsetzen. Die Kosten vermeidbarer Krankenhauseinweisungen aus Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen beliefen sich 2016 auf knapp 18 Mrd. USD. Dies entspricht 2,5 % der Ausgaben für die stationäre Krankenhausversorgung bzw. 4,4 % der Ausgaben für die Langzeitpflege. Forschungsarbeiten zeigen, dass mehr als die Hälfte der unerwünschten Ereignisse in der Pflege und 40 % der Krankenhauseinweisungen aus Pflegeeinrichtungen vermeidbar sind. Den Grundursachen dieser Ereignisse kann durch bessere Prävention, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen und Personalentwicklung – insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Kompetenzmix und die Ausbildung – begegnet werden. Durch gezielte Investitionen in Schlüsselbereichen können signifikante Effekte erzielt und die wichtigsten Kostentreiber unerwünschter Ereignisse in der Langzeitpflege reduziert werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/03307512-de
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  • 71
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    COVID-19 in long-term care : Impact, policy responses and challenges (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.131
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Pflegeheim ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has hit the long-term care (LTC) sector particularly hard, with large numbers of people dependent on care and particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 have fallen ill, and a disproportionate rate of LTC workers both exposed to, and infected by, COVID-19. The analysis presented in this report describes the effects of COVID-19 on LTC in OECD countries, mainly showing infection rates and mortality of LTC recipients. It takes stock of the wide range of policy responses that countries have implemented, detailing the changes over time on testing strategies, reduction of interactions and isolation measures, digitalisation of services, and workforce. The report also assesses emergency preparedness in the sector, as well as workforce, organisational and coordination challenges. Finally, the report analyses how policy responses affected care continuity and the well-being of residents while also outlining the effectiveness of vaccination.
    DOI: 10.1787/b966f837-en
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  • 72
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    Adverse Outcome Pathway on inhibition of calcineurin activity leading to impaired T-cell dependent antibody response (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways no.18
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Environment
    Abstract: The present AOP describes the inhibition of calcineurin activity resulting in impaired T-Cell Dependent Antibody Response (TDAR). Calcineurin (CN), a protein phosphatase, is known to impair immune function when its phosphatase activation is inhibited. CN inhibitors (CNIs) inhibit CN phosphatase activity to suppress many kinds of immune functions and have been used in the medical domain to prevent hyper immune reactions. However, CNIs are reported to also induce immunosuppression-derived adverse effects such as increased frequency and/or severity of infections and increased tumor incidences. CNIs might affect several T-cell derived immune functions to induce compromised host. Among the affected immune functions, T-cell dependent antibody response (TDAR) is an important factor to resist infections and thought to be the useful endpoint on evaluating immunotoxicity of chemicals; therefore, this AOP describes the linkage between the inhibition of CN activity and impairment of TDAR.
    DOI: 10.1787/3c988dde-en
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  • 73
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    Renforcer la première ligne : Comment les soins primaires aident les systèmes de santé à s’adapter à la pandémie de COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening the frontline: How primary health care helps health systems adapt during the COVID 19 pandemic
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Les systèmes de santé ne cessent de s’adapter pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID‑19. D'importants efforts ont été déployés pour favoriser la montée en puissance des capacités hospitalières. Pour autant, la pandémie a aussi des répercussions importantes sur l’état de santé de nombreuses personnes qui ne sont pas infectées par le virus. Les individus qui souffrent de maladies chroniques présentent non seulement un risque accru de complications et de décès en cas de contamination à la COVID-19, mais ils voient également leurs protocoles de traitement habituels bouleversés. La crise du COVID‑19 montre à quel point il est essentiel de placer les soins primaires au cœur des systèmes de santé, à la fois pour pouvoir faire face à une augmentation soudaine de la demande et pour préserver la continuité des soins pour tous. Des services de santé primaires performants – organisés autour d’équipes pluridisciplinaires avec des rôles nouveaux pour les professionnels de santé, en coordination avec les services de santé de proximité et avec l’appui des technologies numériques et d’incitations appropriées – participent à l’efficacité du système de santé. Les innovations mises en place pour faire face à la pandémie doivent être pérennisées afin de renforcer la résilience des systèmes de santé en cas de nouvelles crises sanitaires et d’être à même de relever les défis associés au vieillissement démographique et au poids croissant des maladies chroniques.
    DOI: 10.1787/ae139cf5-fr
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  • 74
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    Schooling during a pandemic : the experience and outcomes of schoolchildren during the first round of COVID-19 lockdowns (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264579019 , 9789264366824 , 9789264955110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thorn, William Schooling during a pandemic
    Keywords: OECD ; Schüler ; Schulbesuch ; Telearbeit ; Psychische Krankheit ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Gesundheit ; COVID-19 ; Fernstudium ; Fernunterricht ; Lernen ; E-Learning ; Student ; Schüler ; Elternarbeit ; Schule ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Czech Republic ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Ireland ; Italy ; Netherlands ; Switzerland ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This report offers an initial overview of the available information regarding the circumstances, nature and outcomes of the education of schoolchildren during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns of March-April 2020. Its purpose is primarily descriptive: it presents information from high quality quantitative studies on the experience of learning during this period in order to ground the examination and discussion of these issues in empirical examples. Information is presented on three interrelated topics: the nature of the educational experience during the period of lockdowns and school closures; the home environment in which education took place for the vast majority of schoolchildren; the effects on the mental health and learning outcomes for children during this period. The data come primarily from 5 countries (France, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States) with additional information on some aspects for 6 additional countries (Australia, Belgium (Flanders), Canada, Finland, Italy and the Netherlands). This report will be of interest to policy makers, academics, education stakeholders and anyone interested in a first international empirical analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the lives and education of schoolchildren.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c78681e-en
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  • 75
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    Initiative de l’OCDE pour une mobilité internationale sans danger pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 (comprenant le cadre) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD initiative for safe international mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic (including blueprint)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス感染症のパンデミック期における安全な海外渡航のためOECDイニシアチブ（ブループリントを含む）
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Lors de la Réunion annuelle du Conseil de l’OCDE (RCM) au niveau des Ministres à Paris, les ministres des pays de l’OCDE ont approuvé une nouvelle initiative visant à promouvoir la sécurité des déplacements internationaux pendant la pandémie de COVID‑19. Cette initiative prévoit la création d’un forum intersectoriel international temporaire de partage d’information ainsi que la définition d’un cadre pour des déplacements internationaux sûrs. Le forum offrira aux responsables publics et aux parties prenantes l’occasion de partager en temps réel des informations sur les stratégies et les approches suivies pour faciliter les déplacements. Le cadre favorisera quant à lui des voyages plus prévisibles, plus sûrs et mieux sécurisés au fur et à mesure de la réouverture. Fondé sur les initiatives déjà en place, il vise à accroître l’interopérabilité entre les différents régimes encadrant les déplacements. Il sera utilisé par les pays sur la base du volontariat.
    DOI: 10.1787/712c2462-fr
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  • 76
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    L’impact territorial du COVID-19 : Gérer la crise et la reprise aux différents niveaux d’administration (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis and recovery across levels of government
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: La crise liée au COVID-19 a des incidences régionales et locales très hétérogènes, ce qui entraîne des implications importantes sur les plans de la gestion de crise et de l’action publique. Le présent document examine en détail l’impact territorial de cette crise dans ses différentes dimensions : sanitaires, économiques, sociales et budgétaires. Il présente un panorama complet des mesures prises par les administrations nationales et infranationales pour gérer les campagnes de vaccination à l’échelle des différents niveaux d’administration et atténuer les effets territoriaux de la crise. Enfin, il propose une vision tournée vers l’avenir des leçons à tirer de cette crise sur le plan de la gouvernance pluri-niveaux et soumet aux responsables publics un certain nombre d’aspects à prendre en compte à l’heure de renforcer la résilience des régions.
    DOI: 10.1787/ebdcc1e1-fr
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  • 77
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    Gender-relevance of policies in the OECD Green Recovery Database (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Environment
    Abstract: Taking gender considerations into account when designing and implementing green recovery measures can contribute both to reducing gender inequalities and achieving environmental objectives. This paper maps the limited presence of gender-sensitive measures in the OECD Green Recovery Database, identifies additional policy areas where gender sensitivity would be beneficial, and proposes policy actions to help countries align their commitments to gender equality and environmental objectives during the COVID-19 recovery.
    DOI: 10.1787/e6a03378-en
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  • 78
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    新型コロナウイルス感染症のパンデミック期における安全な海外渡航のためOECDイニシアチブ（ブループリントを含む） (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD initiative for safe international mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic (including blueprint)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Initiative de l’OCDE pour une mobilité internationale sans danger pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 (comprenant le cadre)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD加盟国閣僚は、パリで開催されているOECDの年次閣僚理事会にて、新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)のパンデミック期に安全な海外渡航を推進するための新たなイニシアチブを承認した。このイニシアチブには、安全な渡航のための計画（ブループリント）と知識を共有するための臨時の業界横断的な国際フォーラムが含まれている。このフォーラムでは、各国政府と利害関係者が人の移動を促進するための計画とアプローチについて、リアルタイムに情報を共有することができる。この安全な渡航のためのブループリントでは、本格的に人の移動が再開したときに渡航の確実性と安全、セキュリティを高めることを求めている。それは、既存のイニシアチブに立脚し、様々な渡航形態の相互運用性を高めることを目的としており、各国が自発的に実施するものである。
    DOI: 10.1787/46d5e1bc-ja
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  • 79
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    Česká republika: zdravotní profil země 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264698895
    Language: Czech
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Czech Republic: Country Health Profile 2021
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czech Republic
    DOI: 10.1787/a3017bfb-cs
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  • 80
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    Croatia: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hrvatska: pregled stanja zdravlja i zdravstvene zaštite 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Kroatien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Croatia as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/717e5510-en
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  • 81
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    Soutenir l'emploi et les entreprises : Une des clés de la reprise (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting jobs and companies: A bridge to the recovery phase
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 雇用・企業支援： 復興期への橋渡し
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Un an après le début de la crise du COVID-19, les perspectives d’avenir semblent certes plus prometteuses, mais le moment n’est pas encore venu de supprimer les aides publiques aux individus et aux entreprises. Si les chiffres du marché du travail dans de nombreux pays semblent globalement meilleurs qu’au deuxième trimestre de 2020, des millions de travailleurs continuent de bénéficier de dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi et des millions d’autres sont sans emploi ou sous-employés. Dans les mois à venir, alors que les pays se préparent à mettre en œuvre leurs plans de relance, il est essentiel de continuer à soutenir les familles et les entreprises encore durement touchées par la crise, tout en mettant en place des incitations propices à la création d’emplois et à la reprise du travail. Sans de telles mesures, la reprise économique et sociale partirait d’encore plus bas. Le coût à brève échéance est élevé, mais il est bien inférieur à ce que pourraient coûter des faillites en série, des licenciements en masse, une économie atone et un marché du travail déprimé. En outre, il est possible de réduire les coûts à court terme en ciblant davantage les aides sur les secteurs, entreprises et ménages les plus vulnérables, tout en favorisant les entreprises qui démarrent et la création d’emplois.
    DOI: 10.1787/4cb4c30c-fr
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  • 82
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    Norway: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264409156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Norge: Landprofil 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Norwegen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Norway as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/6871e6c4-en
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  • 83
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    Risks that matter 2020: The long reach of COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enquête « Des risques qui comptent » 2020 : les effets à long terme du COVID-19
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global health tragedy. Yet as the world inches towards the end of the health crisis, another injury threatens to leave a more enduring scar: that of entrenched economic insecurity. The 2020 round of the OECD Risks that Matter survey presents a stark picture of economic disruption and rising worries about health and financial security across 25 OECD countries. Despite massive government investments in social protection during the pandemic, people in most OECD countries are looking for more public support to lift them out of the crisis – and many report a willingness to pay more in taxes in order to fund better health, pensions, employment and long-term care programmes.
    DOI: 10.1787/44932654-en
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  • 84
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    Teaching and learning in VET: Providing effective practical training in school-based settings (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Coronavirus ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; France ; Germany ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis is leading to reductions in work-based learning opportunities for vocational education and training (VET) students.This policy brief argues that VET programmes can be adapted to deliver practical components of VET in school-based settings when there is a persistent shortage of work-based learning opportunities. It also describes how innovative technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and simulators can be utilised to facilitate school-based delivery of practical learning, but also to improve the effectiveness of face-to-face and online teaching in VET in the longer‑term.
    DOI: 10.1787/64f5f843-en
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  • 85
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    Securing the recovery, ambition, and resilience for the well-being of children in the post-COVID-19 decade (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The policy brief details the critical challenges for the well-being of children in the context of the COVID-19 crisis and lays out the foundations of a Framework for Achieving the Well-Being of Children in the post-COVID-19 Decade to ensure that children are put at the centre of efforts to build back better. The Framework proposes five pillars of action, which includes developing a data framework for monitoring child well-being outcomes and policies and ensuring political leadership and commitment for child well-being. The brief also provides an overview summary of a webinar hosted by the OECD and the Institute for Inspiring Children’s Futures in October 2020. This webinar provided a platform for OECD member countries and child well-being experts to share examples of country or regional policies and initiatives aimed at promoting child well-being during the pandemic, and to start shaping a shared understanding of child well-being and the outcome objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/0f02237a-en
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  • 86
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    Préserver la santé mentale des jeunes pendant la crise du COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting young people’s mental health through the COVID-19 crisis
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La crise du COVID‑19 a eu un effet significatif sur la santé mentale des jeunes. La prévalence des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs a augmenté de manière spectaculaire chez les jeunes et reste plus élevée qu’avant la crise et que celle observée dans d’autres classes d’âge, en dépit de la réouverture partielle de l’économie. Plusieurs facteurs entrent en jeu dans la détérioration de la santé mentale : perturbations de l’accès aux services de santé mentale, large impact des fermetures d’établissements scolaires, et effet disproportionné de la crise du marché du travail sur les jeunes. S’ils bénéficient d’un accompagnement adapté et d’interventions précoces, les jeunes en situation de détresse psychologique pourraient être en mesure de rebondir au sortir de la crise du COVID‑19. Il conviendra pour cela de développer l’aide existante en matière de santé mentale dans les systèmes éducatifs, les entreprises et les systèmes de santé, et d’adopter des politiques globales pour aider les jeunes à poursuivre leurs études ou à trouver, et conserver, un emploi.
    DOI: 10.1787/dbcb04f5-fr
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  • 87
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    Lobbying in the 21st Century : Transparency, Integrity and Access (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264531536 , 9789264813380 , 9789264690363
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Interessenpolitik ; Transparenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Lobbying, as a way to influence and inform governments, has been part of democracy for at least two centuries, and remains a legitimate tool for influencing public policies. However, it carries risks of undue influence. Lobbying in the 21st century has also become increasingly complex, including new tools for influencing government, such as social media, and a wide range of actors, such as NGOs, think tanks and foreign governments. This report takes stock of the progress that countries have made in implementing the OECD Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying. It reflects on new challenges and risks related to the many ways special interest groups attempt to influence public policies, and reviews tools adopted by governments to effectively safeguard impartiality and fairness in the public decision-making process.
    DOI: 10.1787/c6d8eff8-en
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  • 88
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    An assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on job and skills demand using online job vacancy data (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Arbeitsnachfrage ; Anforderungsprofil ; Qualifikation ; Personalbeschaffung ; Coronavirus ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This policy brief uses online job vacancy postings as a partial indicator of the impact of COVID-19 on skills demand in five OECD countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States) between January and November 2020. The pandemic, as well as containment and mitigation measures designed to halt its spread, had a large but heterogeneous impact on the demand for skills. By early May, the total volume of online job vacancies had fallen by over 50% in all the countries analysed with respect to the beginning of the year, with even larger declines in some sectors. However, the demand for specific skills in the healthcare sector and in logistics increased. There is also evidence of an increase in vacancies involving remote-working arrangements. The brief also shows that the crisis affected differently individuals with different levels of educational qualifications and that such effect differed across the countries analysed.
    DOI: 10.1787/20fff09e-en
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  • 89
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    Enquête « Des risques qui comptent » 2020 : les effets à long terme du COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Risks that matter 2020: The long reach of COVID-19
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La pandémie de COVID-19 est une tragédie sanitaire mondiale. Pourtant, alors que la fin de la crise sanitaire mondiale se profile, une autre blessure menace de laisser une cicatrice plus profonde : celle d’une insécurité économique tenace. Le cycle 2020 de l’enquête de l’OCDE sur « Des risques qui comptent » (Risks that Matter - RTM) dresse un tableau inquiétant des perturbations économiques et des inquiétudes croissantes à propos de la santé et de la sécurité financière dans 25 pays de l’OCDE. Malgré des investissements publics massifs dans la protection sociale pendant la pandémie, les citoyens de la plupart des pays de l’OCDE attendent des aides publiques plus importantes pour sortir de la crise - et beaucoup se disent prêts à payer plus d’impôts pour financer de meilleurs programmes de santé, de retraite, d’emploi et de soins de longue durée.
    DOI: 10.1787/99fe0cc4-fr
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  • 90
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    新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)ワクチンの供給：世界的危機へのグローバルなアプローチ (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’accès aux vaccins anti-COVID-19 dans un monde en crise : état des lieux et stratégies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Access to COVID-19 vaccines: Global approaches in a global crisis
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)のワクチンが空前の早さで開発され、予防接種が多くのOECD諸国で進んでいる。しかし、しばらくの間需要が供給を上回る状態が続き、現在では、供給は高所得国に偏っている。これは不公平であるとともに非効率である。ワクチンをニーズが最も高い地域に供給した方が、感染拡大が鈍り変異株の出現可能性も下がるので、救われる命が増え、パンデミックが素早く制御できるだろう。したがって、各国政府は、国境を越えて世界的にワクチンの普及を加速させるべく、下記の行動を起こす必要がある：ニーズが最も高い地域に供給品を再分配する；生産規模の拡大を継続する；必要なロジスティクスと医療インフラを整える；COVAXに資金と現物による支援を行う；知的財産の共有や技術移転の促進などによって、ワクチンを最も必要としている地域に供給するという公約を含む長期戦略を開発する。
    DOI: 10.1787/00fc8ca0-ja
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  • 91
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    Access to COVID-19 vaccines: Global approaches in a global crisis (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)ワクチンの供給：世界的危機へのグローバルなアプローチ
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’accès aux vaccins anti-COVID-19 dans un monde en crise : état des lieux et stratégies
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Impfung ; Globalisierung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Following the extraordinarily rapid development of COVID‑19 vaccines, immunisation is underway in many OECD countries. However, demand will continue to outstrip supply for some time and currently, distribution is strongly skewed in favour of high-income countries. This both inequitable and inefficient. Directing vaccine to where need is greatest would maximise the number of lives saved and speed bringing the pandemic under control, by slowing transmission and reducing the likelihood of the emergence of viral variants of concern. Governments should therefore act now to accelerate vaccination globally, regardless of international borders, by reallocating supplies to areas of greatest need; continuing the scaling-up of production; ensuring that necessary logistics and health care infrastructure are in place; providing further financial and in-kind support to COVAX; and developing long-term strategies that include commitments to making vaccines available where they are needed most, including through sharing intellectual property and facilitating technology transfer.
    DOI: 10.1787/c6a18370-en
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  • 92
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    A crisis on the horizon : Ensuring affordable, accessible housing for people with disabilities (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.261
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper discusses housing challenges facing people with disabilities in OECD and EU countries, and policy supports to make housing more affordable, accessible and adapted to their needs. It focuses on the adult population with disabilities living outside institutions, drawing on data from the European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), household surveys, national population census and disability surveys, and country responses to the 2021 OECD Questionnaire on Affordable and Social Housing. The paper summarises housing outcomes; discusses policy supports to ensure that people with disabilities can be safely, affordably and independently housed; and outlines actions for policy makers.
    DOI: 10.1787/306e6993-en
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  • 93
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    Using trade to fight COVID-19: Manufacturing and distributing vaccines (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Usar el comercio para combatir la COVID-19: Producción y distribución de vacunas
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Impfung ; Arzneimittel ; Produktion ; Logistik ; Außenhandel ; Lieferkette ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade
    Abstract: All countries need vaccines but not all can produce them. Vaccine production is highly specialised, subject to comparative advantages, and concentrated in few countries, making trade a vital means to deploying vaccines broadly. Keeping markets open by reducing tariffs, streamlining trade-related processes at and behind the border while ensuring better co-ordination of logistical processes will be key to ensuring timely access to vaccines for all. This note discusses trade and trade policy considerations underpinning access to the final and intermediate goods needed to effectively produce, deliver and administer COVID-19 vaccines. It focuses on the international aspects of the vaccine supply chain, discussing the sourcing, production, distribution and need to expedite international border crossing and transportation (including in the context of the cold supply chain).
    DOI: 10.1787/dc0d37fc-en
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  • 94
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    Rising from the COVID 19 crisis: Policy responses in the long-term care sector (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Pflegeheim ; Coronavirus ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: COVID‑19 hit the long-term care sector hard. This brief looks at mortality rates in care homes, as well as the policy responses undertaken during the pandemic. The brief assesses the emergency preparedness of the sector and highlights the lessons learned, including policies to reduce isolation, testing strategies, care workforce and co‑ordination with the health care sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/34d9e049-en
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  • 95
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    Technological change and domestic outsourcing (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.264
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: Domestic outsourcing has grown substantially in developed countries over the past two decades. This paper addresses the question of the technological drivers of this phenomenon by studying the impact of the staggered diffusion of broadband internet in France during the 2000s. Our results confirm that broadband technology increases firm productivity and the relative demand for high-skill workers. Further, we show that broadband internet led firms to outsource some non-core occupations to service contractors, both in the low and high-skill segments. In both cases, we find that employment related to these occupations became increasingly concentrated in firms specializing in these activities, and was less likely to be performed in-house within firms specialized in other activities. As a result, after the arrival of broadband internet, establishments become increasingly homogeneous in their occupational composition. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that high-skill workers experience salary gains from being outsourced, while low-skill workers lose out.
    DOI: 10.1787/e3b226da-en
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  • 96
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    Learning about inequality and demand for redistribution : A meta-analysis of in-survey informational experiments (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.02
    Keywords: Einkommensverteilung ; Umverteilung ; Meta-Analyse ; Theorie ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: A growing body of literature studies the effect of providing information about inequality to respondents of surveys on their preferences for redistribution. We provide a meta-analysis combining the results from 84 information treatments coming from 36 studies in Economics, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology. This meta-analysis complements and informs a broader project on perceptions of inequality and preferences for redistribution ( Does Inequality Matter? How People Perceive Economic Disparities and Social Mobility , OECD publishing, Paris, 2021). In the meta-analysis, we focus on in-survey experiments where a randomly selected group of respondents receive either information about the overall extent of inequalities, or about their position in the income distribution. The results show that providing information on inequality has a sizeable impact on people’s perceptions and concerns about inequality, but a rather small effect on their demand for redistribution. Inspecting the heterogeneity across treatments and outcomes helps explaining the small average effect on demand for redistribution, but the evidence is not yet conclusive about the potential explanations. We further show that correcting respondents’ misperceptions about their own position in the income distribution increases the preferences for redistribution for those who previously overestimated their position and decreases it for those who underestimated, although the effects are, on average, small.
    DOI: 10.1787/8876ec48-en
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  • 97
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    TOSSD - Tracking global health expenditure in support of the SDGs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.103
    Keywords: UN-Entwicklungsziele ; Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Gesundheitsfinanzierung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for better tracking and monitoring domestic and international investments in health, including on pandemic preparedness. The total official support for sustainable development (TOSSD) framework can help, as it captures both cross‑border flows to developing countries, such as international assistance, and domestic contributions to global public goods, such as pandemic preparedness. This pilot study tests the current TOSSD methodology for tracking the global financing for health, and explores how TOSSD can be shaped to best respond to the emerging information needs of the international community.
    DOI: 10.1787/cb8be42b-en
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  • 98
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    France : Profils de santé par pays 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264668140
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe France: Country Health Profile 2021
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    DOI: 10.1787/8c733d09-fr
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  • 99
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    Iceland: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264425026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ísland: Heilbrigðismál Landsyfirlit Árið 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Island ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Iceland ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Iceland as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/5341c87c-en
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  • 100
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    Germany: Country Health Profile 2021 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: State of Health in the EU
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Deutschland: Länderprofil Gesundheit 2021
    Keywords: 2010-2020 ; Gesundheit ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Coronavirus ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Germany as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19. This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/e4c56532-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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