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  • 2020-2024  (473)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2021  (473)
  • Research & information: general
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  • 2020-2024  (473)
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
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    Making Research Matter : Steps to Impact for Health and Care Researchers (2021)
    Bristol : Policy Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781447361176 , 9781447361152
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    DDC: 362.1072
    Schlagwort(e): Social research & statistics ; Personal & public health ; Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: "EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Written by a leading expert in the field, this practical and accessible book is an essential guide to knowledge exchange, impact and research dissemination in health and social care. Providing the why, what, who, how and when of research impact, the book helps researchers turn raw findings into useful, high-impact evidence for policymakers, practitioners and the public. It will help researchers at all stages of their career to maximise the impact of their work."
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  • 2
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    Transitioning to Clean Water and Sanitation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038977742 , 9783038977759
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Transitioning is a key co ...
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  • 3
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    Climate Change and Marine Geological Dynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516981 , 9783036516974
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales
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  • 4
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    Chapter 9 The interplay between policy and funding (2021)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
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    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Science funding & policy
    Kurzfassung: Whilst there are many common features in doctoral training across the world, there is considerable variation in how training is delivered, funded and supported. Approaches vary depending on the nature of the degree, on policies set at the national, institution and funder level and according to the nature of the financial support available. How then can we look at the interplay between funding and policy? This chapter sets out some of the issues affecting the current research system. Using the case study of Wellcome's 2017 review of doctoral training, I explain how taking a systemic view can provide insight into the culture of the research system overall. I explain how the review enabled Wellcome to deliberatively design policy and practice with an explicit intent to support a more positive culture for PhD training. I reflect on how, using a social sciences approach, this experimental approach will help evolve our understanding of how such changes in policy and practice are experienced
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  • 5
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    Staphylococcal Infections (Host and Pathogenic Factors) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036514185 , 9783036514178
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness of the regulatory networks expressing these virulence factors. Virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. consist of numerous toxins, enterotoxins (some of which act as superantigens), enzymes, and proteins (cytoplasmic, extracellular, and surface) that are regulated by two-component (TC) and quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory networks. To enter this niche, some other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus simulans, produce a potent endopeptidase called lysostaphin, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic S. aureus. Some other Staphylococcus species produce autolysins and cationic peptides to win the intra- and inter-species competition. The outcome of this microbial invasion depends not only on pathogenic factors but also on the host’s internal and external defense mechanisms, including a healthy skin microbiome. A healthy skin microbiome population can prevent colonization by other major pathogens. As normal host microflora, these commensals establish a complex relationship with the host as well as the surrounding microbial communities. This Special Issue of Microorganisms is focused on studies and recent advancements in our understanding of staphylococcal virulence mechanisms that enable Staphylococcus spp. either to successfully establish themselves as a colonizer or to overcome the host’s defense system to cause infection along with our effort to make an anti-staphylococcal vaccine
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  • 6
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    Fiber Optic Sensors and Fiber Lasers (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036515182 , 9783036515175
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The optical fiber industry is emerging from the market for selling simple accessories using optical fiber to the new optical-IT convergence sensor market combined with high value-added smart industries such as the bio industry. Among them, fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers are growing faster and more accurately by utilizing fiber optics in various fields such as shipbuilding, construction, energy, military, railway, security, and medical.This Special Issue aims to present novel and innovative applications of sensors and devices based on fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers, and covers a wide range of applications of optical sensors. In this Special Issue, original research articles, as well as reviews, have been published
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  • 7
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    New Advances in the Research of Antioxidant Food Peptides (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525204 , 9783036525211
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: During cell metabolism, oxygen is partially reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a physiological role in cellular processes. However, an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of defenses to detoxify the organism provokes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and its subsequent damages to vital cellular components have been associated with numerous severe chronic disorders. In addition, oxidation reactions are responsible for food deterioration during processing and storage. Peptides from animal and vegetal food sources have attracted attention due to the large evidence of their in vitro antioxidant properties. In addition to their potential as safer alternatives to synthetic antioxidants used to prevent oxidative reactions in foods, antioxidant peptides can also act by reducing the risk of numerous oxidative stress-associated diseases. Furthermore, peptides can act synergistically with nonpeptide antioxidants, enhancing their protective effect. This Special Issue of the Foods journal includes outstanding papers illustrating examples of the most recent advances on antioxidant peptides from both vegetal and animal sources. The existing data on their bioactivities demonstrated by in silico, in vitro, and animal models are included as well as the mechanisms of action of identified antioxidant peptides
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  • 8
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    Asymmetry in Biological Homochirality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504421
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Chirality, or handedness, is a fundamental physical characteristic, which spans the length scales ranging from elementary particles to the chiral asymmetry of spiral galaxies. The way in which chirality in chemistry, or molecular handedness, may have emerged in a primitive terrestrial environment, and how it can be triggered, amplified, and transferred, are deeply challenging problems rooted in both fundamental scientific interests and the technological potentials for science and society. Chirality constitutes a unifying feature of the living world and is a prime driving force for molecular selection and genetic evolution in biology. In this book, we offer a selection of five distinct approaches to this problem by leading experts in the field. The selected topics range from protein chirality and its relevance to protein ageing, protein aggregation and neurodegeneration, entropy production associated with chiral symmetry breaking in closed systems, chiral oscillations in polymerization models involving higher-order oligomers, the mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and its implications for the development of homochirality in abiogenesis, the role of chirality in the chemical sciences, and some philosophical implications of chirality
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  • 9
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    Historical and Current Diversity Patterns of Mediterranean Marine Species (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512051 , 9783036512044
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Kurzfassung: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin which experienced different natural and anthropogenic phenomena causes of community or intra-species changes over time. The Mediterranean Sea went through dramatic changes in its biota through the last 6 million years and more quickly in the recent century. All the events left a footprint on the gene pool of marine species, on their morpho-anatomical features, and on the loss or expansion of the geographical range extent. Nowadays the Mediterranean basin is changing its physical and ecological characteristics. The changes in its environmental conditions are followed by changes in its species composition and have been recorded in historical museum collections. In this book, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea is described at a synchronic or diachronic level, highlighting the past two centuries for which museum collections can provide overlooked information
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  • 10
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    Bacterial Meningitis : Epidemiology and Vaccination (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036518077 , 9783036518084
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: This timely collection of expert papers draws attention to the global burden of meningitis and the challenges faced by the WHO’s roadmap to defeat meningitis by 2030. The three main goals of the meningitis roadmap are to eliminate epidemics of bacterial meningitis, reduce cases and deaths from vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis, and reduce disability and improve quality of life after meningitis of any cause. This book includes a wide range of original research and reviews on epidemiology and vaccination of bacterial meningitis that have direct relevance to advancing the goals of the roadmap
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  • 11
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    Zooplankton Diversity and Pelagic Food Webs : Investigating Present and Past with Different Techniques (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039435494 , 9783039435500
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Zooplankton are of key importance in the structure and functioning of aquatic food webs. They contribute to a large part of the functional and structural biodiversity of predator and prey plankton communities. Promptly responding to long-term and seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment, they are sensitive indicators of patterns and mechanisms of impact drivers, both natural and human induced. In this volume, we aim to present evidence for both long-term and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure and dynamics, investigating different approaches from population dynamics to advanced molecular techniques and reconstructing past communities from subfossil remains in lake sediments
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  • 12
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    Focus on Insect Rearing Methodology to Promote Scientific Research and Mass Production (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036524924 , 9783036524931
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The ability to produce insects has a broad impact on human lives in a wide array of areas including insect pest and weed management, human and veterinary medicine, insect production for food and nutrient supplements, as well as research and education. Insect rearing began as a simple desire, yet never a simple task, has continued to expand, both in methodology and application. A desire to learn about and understand insects grew into a desire to control and manipulate insects, both to suppress and to preserve. Rearing individual life stages extended to continuous rearing and maintaining evolved into production. Ultimately, this results in insects physically and behaviorally similar to those from nature. New multi-omics technologies (transcriptomics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics, etc.) recently increased knowledge of microbiomes, and the manipulation of nutrigenomic analysis and statistical optimization modeling have enabled advances in insect nutrition. These advances have resulted in a better understanding of the effects of the food stream ingredients and rearing conditions on the insect’s physiological and biochemical functions, in addition to promoting the production of high-quality insects. The production has application in research, insect control, and most recently, specialized food niche. Before one application has been fully realized, a new application has emerged, often supported with the application of new technologies. Given this pattern of advancement followed by benefits, there is every reason to anticipate more to come in the field of insect rearing
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  • 13
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    Drug–Drug Interactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036520353 , 9783036520360
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) cause a drug to affect other drugs, leading to reduced drug efficacy or increased toxicity of the affected drug. Some well-known interactions are known to be the cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are life threatening to the patient. Traditionally, DDI have been evaluated around the selective action of drugs on specific CYP enzymes. The interaction of drugs with CYP remains very important in drug interactions but, recently, other important mechanisms have also been studied as contributing to drug interaction including transport- or UDP-glucuronyltransferase as a Phase II reaction-mediated DDI. In addition, novel mechanisms of regulating DDIs can also be suggested. In the case of the substance targeted for interaction, not only the DDIs but also the herb–drug or food–drug interactions have been reported to be clinically relevant in terms of adverse side effects. Reporting examples of drug interactions on a marketed drug or studies on new mechanisms will be very helpful for preventing the side effects of the patient taking these drugs. This Special Issue aims to highlight current progress in understanding both the clinical and nonclinical interactions of commercial drugs and the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug interactions
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  • 14
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    Risk-Informed Sustainable Development in the Rural Tropics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036513706 , 9783036513690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (470 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Many people live in rural areas in tropical regions. Rural development is not merely a contribution to the growth of individual countries. It can be a way to reduce poverty and to increase access to water, health care, and education. Sustainable rural development can also help stop deforestation and reduce livestock, which generate most of the greenhouse gas emissions. However, efforts to achieve a sustainable rural development are often thwarted by floods, drought, heat waves, and hurricanes, which local communities are not very prepared to tackle. Agricultural practices and local planning are still not very risk-informed. These deficiencies are particularly acute in tropical regions, where many Least Developed Countries are located and where there is, however, great potential for rural development. This Special Issue contains 22 studies on best practices for risk awareness; on local risk reduction; on several cases of soil depletion, water pollution, and sustainable access to safe water; and on agronomy, earth sciences, ecology, economy, environmental engineering, geomatics, materials science, and spatial and regional planning in 12 tropical countries
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  • 15
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    Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508221 , 9783036508238
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering
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  • 16
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    Qualitative and Nutritional Improvement of Cereal-Based Foods and Beverages (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507064 , 9783036507071
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Increased consumer awareness of the effects of food in preventing nutrient-related diseases and maintaining physical and mental well-being has made nutritional improvement an important goal for the food and beverage industry, including the cereal sector. The Book “Qualitative and Nutritional Improvement of Cereal-Based Foods and Beverages” collects research articles aimed at exploring innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages; an old—if not ancient—group of products which are still on our table every day. The main directions of research aimed at nutritional improvement have to face either excess or deficiency in the diet. To this end, different strategies may be adopted, such as the reformulation of products, the introduction of functional ingredients, and the application of biotechnologies to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. These interventions, however, can alter the physico-chemical and sensory properties of final products, making it necessary to achieve a balance between nutritional and quality modification. This book offers readers information on innovative ways to improve cereal-based foods and beverages, useful for researchers and for industry operators
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  • 17
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    Recent Developments of Electrodeposition Coating (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507361 , 9783036507378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This e-book presents a selection of papers focused on some novel aspects of electrodeposited coatings, in particular for medical applications. The biocoatings applied for surface modification of load-bearing implants are still being developed, especially for titanium implants, for which hundreds and thousands of possible technical solutions have been proposed using different techniques and materials. This book is a collection of papers that demonstrate appropriate attempts using various electrodeposition methods. The specific objectives are different, with several looking for improved bioactivity, another for antibacterial properties, and another for increased adhesion on the helix lines on dental implants. The e-book starts with a paper on the methodic development of electrodes for electrowinning. This is followed by paper on the real performance of the surface of dental implants, a subject not often addressed. The next paper focuses on electro-oxidation: a novel two-stage oxidation method, characteristic of the oxide layer on helix line of a model dental implant, and micro-arc oxidation of 3D printed titanium. The last paper focuses on coatings, describing the carbon nanotubes- (hydroxyapatite, chitosan), Eudragit-, and Fe-containing coatings. The e-book concludes with a review of all electrodeposition methods. It is a collection of papers describing novel results in electrodeposition biocoatings, which will be of interest for many scholars and researchers
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  • 18
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    Sustainable Consumer Behavior and Food Marketing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525945 , 9783036525952
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: In light of the considerable impact of global food supply chains on climate change, more sustainable ways of producing, distributing, and consuming food appear critical for sustainable development. With the aim of contributing to this topic, this Special Issue on sustainable food consumption and food marketing addresses various relevant issues related to food consumption, including innovative and sustainable forms of food production and consumption, animal welfare and meat consumption, price transmission, social media communication, alternative food production, and organic agriculture, among others. As such, this Special Issue sheds light on more sustainable and carbon-friendly food production and consumption systems from various angles. It delivers valuable scientific evidence for the transformation of current carbon-based food supply chains to more eco-friendly, fair, and future-oriented food supply chains
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  • 19
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    THz: Research Frontiers for New Sources, Imaging and Other Advanced Technologies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036521633 , 9783036521640
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum is a frontier research area involving application of many disciplines, from outdoor to indoor communications, security, drug detection, biometrics, food quality control, agriculture, medicine, semiconductors, and air pollution. THz research is highly demanding in term of sources with high power and time resolution, detectors, and new spectrometer systems. Many open questions still exist regarding working at THz frequencies; many materials exhibit unusual or exotic properties in the THz domain, and researchers need new methodologies to exploit these opportunities. This book contains original papers dealing with emerging applications, new devices, sources and detectors, and materials with advanced properties for applications in biomedicine, cultural heritage, technology, and space
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  • 20
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    Cell Signaling in Model Plants (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036519548 , 9783036519555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: This book provides new and in-depth insights into molecular aspects of plant cell signaling in response to biotic, such as aphid- and grey mold disease-resistance, and abiotic stresses, such as soil salinity and drought stress, and additionally, functional analysis on signaling components involved in flowering, juvenility, GA signaling, and biosynthesis, and miRNA-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, plant acclimation was reported, with emphasis on mechanistic insights into the roles of brassinosteroids, cyclic AMP, and hydrogen sulfide, and the recent advances of transmembrane receptor-like kinases were refined. Clearly, plant cell signaling is an intensive topic and whether it is now or in the future, the emerging technology in functional analysis such as genome editing technologies, high-throughput technologies, integrative multiple-omics as well as bioinformatics can assist researchers to reveal novel aspects of the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development, and acclimation to environmental and biotic stresses. The achievement of such research will be useful in improving crop stress tolerances to increase agricultural productivity and sustainability for the food supply of the world
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  • 21
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    Biological Activities of Plant Food Components: Implications in Human Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525303 , 9783036525310
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Epidemiological evidence from the last fifty years has demonstrated that nutrition plays a decisive role in human health. Eating properly is not only necessary to meet energy demands. It also actively contributes, through both preventive actions and therapeutic effects, to improving human wellness. Nutrition owes its functional role in human health to the biological activity of specific, small dietary molecules. Plants are the most important source of bioactive molecules, and dietary phytochemicals are mainly responsible for the documented protective effects of diets which are rich in plant foods. Dietary phytochemicals have attracted increasing interest in human nutrition research over the past few years due to their ability to exert several biological effects that are potentially useful for human health, In this Special Issue, the biological activity of dietary phytochemicals, either purified or in extracts from plant foods, and their potential effects on human health are addressed and investigated
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  • 22
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    Monitoring, Modelling and Management of Water Quality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036515489 , 9783036515472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Kurzfassung: Different types of pressures, such as nutrients, micropollutants, microbes, nanoparticles, microplastics, or antibiotic-resistant genes, endanger the quality of water bodies. Evidence-based pollution control needs to be built on the three basic elements of water governance: Monitoring, modeling, and management. Monitoring sets the empirical basis by providing space- and time-dependent information on substance concentrations and loads, as well as driving boundary conditions for assessing water quality trends, water quality statuses, and providing necessary information for the calibration and validation of models. Modeling needs proper system understanding and helps to derive information for times and locations where no monitoring is done or possible. Possible applications are risk assessments for exceedance of quality standards, assessment of regionalized relevance of sources and pathways of pollution, effectiveness of measures, bundles of measures or policies, and assessment of future developments as scenarios or forecasts. Management relies on this information and translates it in a socioeconomic context into specific plans for implementation. Evaluation of success of management plans again includes well-defined monitoring strategies. This book provides an important overview in this context
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  • 23
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    New developments in Functional and Fractional Differential Equations and in Lie Symmetry (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511580 , 9783036511597
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: Delay, difference, functional, fractional, and partial differential equations have many applications in science and engineering. In this Special Issue, 29 experts co-authored 10 papers dealing with these subjects. A summary of the main points of these papers follows:Several oscillation conditions for a first-order linear differential equation with non-monotone delay are established in Oscillation Criteria for First Order Differential Equations with Non-Monotone Delays, whereas a sharp oscillation criterion using the notion of slowly varying functions is established in A Sharp Oscillation Criterion for a Linear Differential Equation with Variable Delay. The approximation of a linear autonomous differential equation with a small delay is considered in Approximation of a Linear Autonomous Differential Equation with Small Delay; the model of infection diseases by Marchuk is studied in Around the Model of Infection Disease: The Cauchy Matrix and Its Properties. Exact solutions to fractional-order Fokker–Planck equations are presented in New Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws to the Fractional-Order Fokker–Planck Equations, and a spectral collocation approach to solving a class of time-fractional stochastic heat equations driven by Brownian motion is constructed in A Collocation Approach for Solving Time-Fractional Stochastic Heat Equation Driven by an Additive Noise. A finite difference approximation method for a space fractional convection-diffusion model with variable coefficients is proposed in Finite Difference Approximation Method for a Space Fractional Convection–Diffusion Equation with Variable Coefficients; existence results for a nonlinear fractional difference equation with delay and impulses are established in On Nonlinear Fractional Difference Equation with Delay and Impulses. A complete Noether symmetry analysis of a generalized coupled Lane–Emden–Klein–Gordon–Fock system with central symmetry is provided in Oscillation Criteria for First Order Differential Equations with Non-Monotone Delays, and new soliton solutions of a fractional Jaulent soliton Miodek system via symmetry analysis are presented in New Soliton Solutions of Fractional Jaulent-Miodek System with Symmetry Analysis
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  • 24
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    Set-Valued Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507842 , 9783036507859
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue contains eight original papers with a high impact in various domains of set-valued analysis. Set-valued analysis has made remarkable progress in the last 70 years, enriching itself continuously with new concepts, important results, and special applications. Different problems arising in the theory of control, economics, game theory, decision making, nonlinear programming, biomathematics, and statistics have strengthened the theoretical base and the specific techniques of set-valued analysis. The consistency of its theoretical approach and the multitude of its applications have transformed set-valued analysis into a reference field of modern mathematics, which attracts an impressive number of researchers
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  • 25
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    Plant Virus Emergence (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505961 , 9783036505978
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This compilation of articles elaborates on plant virus diseases that are among the most recent epidemiological concerns. The chapters explore several paradigms in plant virus epidemiology, outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics paralleling zoonotic viruses and that can be consequential to global food security. There is evidence that the local, regional, national, and global trade of agricultural products has aided the global dispersal of plant virus diseases. Expanding farmlands into pristine natural areas has created opportunities for viruses in native landscapes to invade crops, while the movement of food and food products disseminates viruses, creating epidemics or pandemics. Moreover, plant virus outbreaks not only directly impact food supply, but also incidentally affect human health
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  • 26
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    Potential Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036524214 , 9783036524207
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Kurzfassung: As plant-based foods, both vegetables and fruits have been clearly associated with the presence of high amounts of bioactive compounds, and have been demonstrated as having a central role in the prevention of diseases. Many scientists of different research fields have lavished great effort both to characterize the bioactive compounds’ compositions and to deepen understanding regarding the mechanisms of action through which fruits and vegetables exert their health-promoting and/or disease-preventing properties. In this book, studies on the bioactive compounds’ composition of the main fruit and vegetable species, on their health effects as fresh-consumed, transformed products or applied in in vitro models, and on their mechanisms of actions against human pathologies are presented
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  • 27
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    Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036521459 , 9783036521466
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Marine fouling affects most man-made surfaces temporarily or permanently immersed in the sea, causing important economic costs. Intense research is aimed at methods for preventing or reducing fouling development. The most widespread solution to inhibit fouling is to make surfaces unsuitable for settlers by coating them with antifouling paints containing toxic compounds. Most such antifouling agents give undesirable effects on nontarget species, including commercially important ones. The search for new nontoxic antifouling technologies has become a necessity, particularly after the ban of organotin compounds such as tributyltin (TBT), once the most widespread and used antifouling agent. Alternative organic and metal-based biocides are now used in antifouling paints, but their possible toxic effects on the aquatic environment are not yet fully understood. A nontoxic alternative for antifouling protection comes from the possibility of adopting natural antifouling compounds that are and may be found in marine sessile invertebrates like sponges, bryozoans, corals, and tunicates and in marine microorganisms. Such metabolites can prevent their producers from being fouled on by other organisms or be responsible for specific metabolic functions that may interfere with biofouling species adhesion. As natural marine compounds, they may inhibit settlement through a nontoxic mechanism without adverse effects to the environment. Such compounds could be developed into active ingredients of new antifouling coatings. So far, a rather limited number of natural products antifoulants (NPAs) has been isolated from marine organisms, but a huge reservoir of compounds with potential antifouling activity is hidden in marine organisms. The Special Issue on Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity aims at the discovery of such compounds their activity, toxicity and potential application in environmentally friendly antifouling coatings
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  • 28
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    Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Conversion Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508443 , 9783036508450
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: In the first decades of the current millennium, the contribution of photovoltaic and wind energy systems to power generation capacity has grown extraordinarily all around the world; in some countries, these systems have become two of the most relevant sources to meet the needs of energy supply. This Special Issue deals with all aspects of the development, implementation, and exploitation of systems and installations that operate with both sources of energy
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  • 29
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    Socio-Hydrology: The New Paradigm in Resilient Water Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036522036 , 9783036522043
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: During the third decade of the 21st century, human societies across the world are facing significant water-related problems, such as ecosystem degradation, groundwater depletion, natural and anthropogenic droughts and floods, water-borne health issues, and deforestation. These problems are exacerbated by climate change, a phenomenon that has been accelerated due to human intervention in natural systems since the industrial revolution. There is an urgent need to better understand the interaction of hydrological systems in terms of climate variability and the anthropogenic factors that contribute to the dynamics and resilience of coupled human–water systems and effective risk management in the area of water resource management. Socio-hydrology is an interdisciplinary field that integrates natural and social sciences and aims to study the long-term dynamics of bidirectional feedback in coupled human–water systems. This book on socio-hydrology aims to compile cross-disciplinary scientific endeavors and innovations in research on the development, education, and application of coupled human–water systems. The articles published in this book represent diverse and broad aspects of water management in the context of socio-hydrology systems around the globe. The articles and ideas presented in this book represent a significant source of references for interdisciplinary water science programs and provide an excellent guide for experts involved in the future planning and management of water resources. This book is dedicated to friends of the Green Water-Infrastructure Academy and those who pursue cross-disciplinary water research, education, and management
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  • 30
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    Symmetry in Particle Physics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438013 , 9783039438020
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: Particle physics is a science about the symmetries of our world. The Standard Model is the fundamental theory of microworld. Particle dynamics in the Standard Model obeys strict symmetry laws with explicit experimental consequences. Priority problems of particle physics based on the Standard Model are more accurate theoretical predictions, experimental measurements and data analysis, proof of existence or non-existence of supersymmetry, top quark properties, Higgs boson, exotic quark states, and physics of neutrinos. In this collection of articles, many of these problems are discussed. We recommend this book for students, graduate students, and scientists working in the field of high energy physics
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    Cells and Materials for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502625 , 9783036502632
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Materials science and engineering are strongly developing tools with increasing impact in the biotechnological and biomedical areas. Interestingly, research in molecular and cellular biology is often at the core of the design and development of materials-based approaches, providing biological rationale. Focused on research relying on biology–materials interaction, IJMS launched a Special Issue named “Cells and Materials for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine”. The aim of the Special Issue was to generate a compilation of in vitro and in vivo strategies based on cell–material interactions. This book compiles the papers published in that Special Issue and includes a selection of six original scientific experimental articles and six comprehensive reviews. We are convinced that this collection of articles shows representative examples of the state of the art in the field, unveiling the relevance of materials research in generating new regenerative medicine and disease modeling approaches
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    Theory and Application of Fixed Point (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036520711 , 9783036520728
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: In the past few decades, several interesting problems have been solved using fixed point theory. In addition to classical ordinary differential equations and integral equation, researchers also focus on fractional differential equations (FDE) and fractional integral equations (FIE). Indeed, FDE and FIE lead to a better understanding of several physical phenomena, which is why such differential equations have been highly appreciated and explored. We also note the importance of distinct abstract spaces, such as quasi-metric, b-metric, symmetric, partial metric, and dislocated metric. Sometimes, one of these spaces is more suitable for a particular application. Fixed point theory techniques in partial metric spaces have been used to solve classical problems of the semantic and domain theory of computer science. This book contains some very recent theoretical results related to some new types of contraction mappings defined in various types of spaces. There are also studies related to applications of the theoretical findings to mathematical models of specific problems, and their approximate computations. In this sense, this book will contribute to the area and provide directions for further developments in fixed point theory and its applications
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    Climate Change and Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526669 , 9783036526676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems
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    Legionella Contamination in Water Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036506944 , 9783036506951
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this book gathers research studies related to the occurrence of Legionella in water systems of different environments; the role of different factors that can influence the Legionella contamination, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches
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  • 35
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    Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036515120 , 9783036515113
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Kurzfassung: Satisfying consumer needs through the production of healthy and nutritious agricultural products is a substantial challenge facing modern agriculture. However, agricultural production should be carried out with care for plant health, biological safety of products, and environmental safety while minimizing the risks to human health. Therefore, the implementation of agricultural practices while respecting these principles is very important for improving the quantity and quality of crops. Additionally, ecosystems have been altered as a result of human activities and climate change, resulting in the reduction of biodiversity and creation of new niches where pests can thrive. This is of particular importance in 2020, as the United Nations General Assembly declared this year as the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH), with “protecting plants, protecting life” as a leading subject.This Special Issue promotes the subject of plant health and emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of pests, including weeds, which cause substantial economic losses. Research articles cover topics related to the biology and harmfulness of weeds, particularly in connection with crop health, segetal weed communities and their biodiversity, and integrated methods of weed control. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research, opinions, and reviews
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  • 36
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    80 Years of Professor Wigner's Seminal Work "On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group" (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036521978 , 9783036521985
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This book celebrates the 80 years of the Professor Eugene P. Wigner paper “On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group", published in The Annals of Mathematics in 1939. We have collected several contributions divided into Research articles and Reviews. All contributions are technical, but the papers also bring a health element of didactic. Practitioners from several areas, from Gravity to Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics, as well as students, shall find a rich material in this Volume
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    Achieving the Circular Economy : Exploring the Role of Local Governments, Business and Civic Society in an Urban Context (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501185 , 9783036501192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Urbanisation and climate change are pushing cities to find novel pathways leading to a sustainable future. The urban context may be viewed as a new experimentation space to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. Urban symbiosis and the circular economy are emerging concepts attracting more and more attention within the urban context. Moreover, new business models are emerging around sharing and peer-to-peer practices, which are challenging existing roles of actors in society. These developments are having an important impact on the flows of resources and the use of the city infrastructure, and each research area has taken a different perspective in the analysis of such impacts. This Special Issue aims to explore what a “circular city” could constitute and how and why cities engage in circularity. This Special Issue includes seven high-quality papers on the theories and practices of circular cities. Actors, concepts, methods, tools, the barriers to and enablers of circular cities are discussed and a solid base and inspiration for the future development of circular cities are provided
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  • 38
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    Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517421 , 9783036517414
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (476 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning
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  • 39
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    Recent Advances in Post-Lithium Ion Batteries (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512440 , 9783036512457
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are efficient storage systems for portable electronic devices, electrical power grids, and electrified transportation due to their high-energy density and low maintenance requirements. After their launch into the market in 1990s, they immediately became the dominant technology for portable systems. The development of LiBs for electric drive vehicles has been, in contrast, rather incremental. There are several critical issues, such as an energy density, system safety, cost, and environmental impact of the battery production processes, that remain challenges in the automotive field. In order to strengthen the LiB’s competitiveness and affordability in vehicle technology, the necessity of game-changer batteries is urgent. Recently, a novel approach going beyond Li batteries has become rapidly established. Several new chemistries have been proposed, leading to better performances in terms of energy density, long-life storage capability, safety, and sustainability. However, several challenges, such as a thorough understanding of mechanisms, cell design, long-term durability, and safety issues, have not yet been fully addressed. This book collects some recent developments and emerging trends in the field of “post-lithium” batteries, covering both fundamental and applied aspects of next-generation batteries
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  • 40
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    Remote Sensing Applications in Coastal Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526133 , 9783036526126
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments
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  • 41
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    Genetic Diversity Assessment and Marker-Assisted Selection in Crops (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508542 , 9783036508559
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The exploitation of biodiversity is essential to select resilient genotypes for sustainable cropping systems as one of the main challenges for plant breeding. Mapping traits of agronomic interest in specific genomic regions appears as another pivotal effort for the future development of novel cultivars. For this purpose, there is evidence that MAGIC and other exotic populations will play a major role in the coming years in allowing for impressive gains in plant breeding for developing new generations of improved cultivars. This Special Issue focused on the application of advanced technologies devoted to crop improvement and exploit the available biodiversity in crops. In detail, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies supported the development of high-density genotyping arrays for different plants included in this issue
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    Innovative Materials and Methods for the Removal of Pollutants from the Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036516967 , 9783036516950
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (342 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Kurzfassung: The progress of society has led to an improvement of the quality of life of a significant number of people. On the other hand, anthropogenic pollution dramatically increased, with serious consequences for the environment and human health. Controlling and remedying environmental pollution is one of the main challenges of our century. Fundamental and applicative research are called to collaborate, involving scientists in the development of realistic and effective systems for the prevention and the removal of pollutants from the environment. Spreading knowledge is among the missions of researchers and this is the aim of this book, offering an updated view on innovative materials and methods for pollutant treatment. It is composed of 18 articles, among them 5 reviews and 13 original articles, dedicated to new adsorbent materials (inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials) for the capture of pollutant species and for their catalytic conversion into non-toxic substances, and to bioremediation approaches to treat contaminated media. Water, air, and soil pollution was investigated, both at the lab and large scale, with special relevance for wastewater treatments for the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants. We are grateful to “Molecules” for the opportunity to edit the Special Issue on “Innovative Materials and Methods for the Removal of Pollutants from the Environment”. We created, for this book, an original cover image, dedicated to the efforts of chemistry to defend the beauty of environment, represented by flowers, against every prejudice that considers chemistry an enemy of life
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  • 43
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    Structural and Functional Analysis of Extracts in Plants (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036518954 , 9783036518947
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (465 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: Structural and Functional Analysis of Extracts in Plants collects 1 editorial, 3 reviews, and 26 research articles reporting recent research findings which cover several aspects of plant-derived bioactive compounds, to correlate extraction techniques with the chemical composition of extracts and their bioactivity for identifying molecules that might be used as active substances in a wide variety of areas.This book is a valuable resource for members of the scientific community wishing to further explore plants and the therapeutic applications of their bioactive compounds. It will appeal to scholars, teachers and scientists involved in plant product research, and facilitate the development of innovative new drugs
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  • 44
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    Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505688 , 9783036505695
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Geography
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue (SI), entitled "Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass”, resulted from 13 peer-reviewed papers dedicated to Forestry and Biomass mapping, characterization and accounting. The papers' authors presented improvements in Remote Sensing processing techniques on satellite images, drone-acquired images and LiDAR images, both aerial and terrestrial. Regarding the images’ classification models, all authors presented supervised methods, such as Random Forest, complemented by GIS routines and biophysical variables measured on the field, which were properly georeferenced. The achieved results enable the statement that remote imagery could be successfully used as a data source for regression analysis and formulation and, in this way, used in forestry actions such as canopy structure analysis and mapping, or to estimate biomass. This collection of papers, presented in the form of a book, brings together 13 articles covering various forest issues and issues in forest biomass calculation, constituting an important work manual for those who use mixed GIS and RS techniques
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  • 45
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    Physical Activity, Wellness and Health: Challenges, Benefits and Strategies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524023 , 9783036524030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Regular physical activity (PA) is both a preventive measure and a cure for non-communicable diseases. Moreover, PA improves mental health, quality of life, and well-being. Conversely, physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles have negative impacts on individuals, families, and society, as evidenced in particular by the spread of the obesity epidemic. PA has proven to be a low-cost alternative for the treatment and prevention of disease. Therefore, interventions to prevent avoidable diseases by increasing the proportion of physically active people are fundamental. The Special Issue “Physical Activity, Wellness and Health: Challenges, Benefits and Strategies” was collected research articles on anthropometric determinants of health and performance, PA and healthy habits, exercise and diet, exercise and body composition, interventions to promote PA for people of all ages, strategies for the implementation of an active life, and the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic syndrome. A total of 20 articles were published, falling mainly into the following three areas: anthropometry, health, and sport; health benefits of exercise; population studies and strategies for an active life. All of the studies support strategies to promote PA and reduce sedentary behavior among adolescents, adults and the elderly. There is no doubt that regular exercise is beneficial to health, but the general population should be encouraged to engage in more of it
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  • 46
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    Integrated human exposure to air pollution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510828 , 9783036510835
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field
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  • 47
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    Recent Advances in the Understanding of Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance in Noctuid Pests (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517582 , 9783036517575
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: This book brings together the papers published in the Special Issue "Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance in Noctuid pests" in the journal Insects in 2021. It contains 10 articles that are either original results or reviews. The focus is on insects of the noctuid family, as they are among the most devastating crop pests on the planet. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow these insects to become resistant to insecticides is essential for the implementation of sustainable control methods and resistance management strategies
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  • 48
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    Forest Pathology and Entomology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526591 , 9783036526584
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (301 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Forestry & related industries
    Kurzfassung: The 22 papers that make up this Special Issue deal with pathogen and pest impact on forest health, from the diagnosis to the surveillance of causative agents, from the study of parasites’ biological, epidemiological, and ecological traits to their correct taxonomy and classification, and from disease and pest monitoring to sustainable control strategies
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  • 49
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    Surface Engineering of C/N/O Functionalized Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527055 , 9783036527048
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book discusses the latest developments in the surface engineering of C/N/O functionalized materials, including both experimental and theoretical studies on heat treatment and surface engineering of metals, ceramics, and polymers
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  • 50
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    Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Liquids and Crystals (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515519 , 9783036515526
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue “Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Liquids and Crystals” that was published in Entropy (MDPI). The articles collected in the book deal with some topical trends in the statistical physics of condensed-matter systems. Such contributions provide an indication of the variety of problems that can arise in the study of strongly correlated particles, giving at the same time a representative account of the methods employed in this widespread field of research
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  • 51
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    Composite Electrolyte & Electrode Membranes for Electrochemical Energy Storage & Conversion Devices (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507385 , 9783036507392
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Electrochemical energy systems can successfully exploit beneficial characteristics of electrolyte and/or electrode membranes due to their intriguing peculiarities that make them well-established, standard components in devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and flow batteries. Therefore, more and more researchers are attracted by these challenging yet important issues regarding the performance and behavior of the final device. This Special Issue of Membranes offers scientists and readers involved in these topics an appealing forum to bring and summarize the forthcoming Research & Development results, which stipulates that the composite electrolyte/electrode membranes should be tailored for lithium batteries and fuel cells. Various key aspects, such as synthesis/preparation of materials/components, investigation of the physicochemical and electrochemical properties, understanding of phenomena within the materials and electrolyte/electrode interface, and device manufacturing and performance, were presented and discussed using key research teams from internationally recognized experts in these fields
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  • 52
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    Game Theory (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510347 , 9783036510354
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: The Special Issue “Game Theory” of the journal Mathematics provides a collection of papers that represent modern trends in mathematical game theory and its applications. The works address the problem of constructing and implementation of solution concepts based on classical optimality principles in different classes of games. In the case of non-cooperative behavior of players, the Nash equilibrium as a basic optimality principle is considered in both static and dynamic game settings. In the case of cooperative behavior of players, the situation is more complicated. As is seen from presented papers, the direct use of cooperative optimality principles in dynamic and differential games may bring time or subgame inconsistency of a solution which makes the cooperative schemes unsustainable. The notion of time or subgame consistency is crucial to the success of cooperation in a dynamic framework. In the works devoted to dynamic or differential games, this problem is analyzed and the special regularization procedures proposed to achieve time or subgame consistency of cooperative solutions. Among others, special attention in the presented book is paid to the construction of characteristic functions which determine the power of coalitions in games. The book contains many multi-disciplinary works applied to economic and environmental applications in a coherent manner
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  • 53
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    Mitochondria: From Physiology to Pathology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521510 , 9783036521527
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Mitochondria play an increasingly central role in the context of cellular physiology. These organelles possess their own genome (mtDNA), which is functionally coordinated with the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial gene expression is mediated by molecular processes (replication, transcription, translation, and assembly of respiratory chain complexes) that all take place within the mitochondria. Several aspects of mtDNA expression have already been well characterized, but many more either are under debate or have yet to be discovered. Understanding the molecular processes occurring in mitochondria also has clinical relevance. Dysfunctions affecting these important metabolic ‘hubs’ are associated with a whole range of severe disorders, known as mitochondrial diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction; however, to date, mitochondrial diseases are complex genetic disorders without any effective therapy. Current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials are aimed at mitigating clinical manifestations and slowing the disease progression to improve the quality of life of patients. The goal of the Special Issue ‘Mitochondria: from Physiology to Pathology’ published in Life (ISSN: 2075-1729) was to collect research and review articles covering the physiological and pathological aspects related to mtDNA maintenance and gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein import, organelle metabolism, and quality control
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  • 54
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    Heat Transfer in Energy Conversion Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507507 , 9783036507514
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: In recent years, the scientific community’s interest towards efficient energy conversion systems has significantly increased. One of the reasons is certainly related to the change in the temperature of the planet, which appears to have increased by 0.76 °C with respect to pre-industrial levels, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and this trend has not yet been stopped. The European Union considers it vital to prevent global warming from exceeding 2 °C with respect to pre-industrial levels, since this phenomenon has been proven to result in irreversible and potentially catastrophic changes. These climate changes are mainly caused by the emissions of greenhouse gasses related to human activities, and can be drastically reduced by employing energy systems, for both heating and cooling of buildings and for power production, characterized by high efficiency levels and/or based on renewable energy sources. This Special Issue, published in the journal Energies, includes 12 contributions from across the world, including a wide range of applications, such as HT-PEMFC, district heating systems, a thermoelectric generator for industrial waste, artificial ground freezing, nanofluids, and others
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  • 55
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    Genetics and Improvement of Forest Trees (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512426 , 9783036512433
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (328 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Forest tree improvement has mainly been implemented to enhance the productivity of artificial forests. However, given the drastically changing global environment, improvement of various traits related to environmental adaptability is more essential than ever. This book focuses on genetic information, including trait heritability and the physiological mechanisms thereof, which facilitate tree improvement. Nineteen papers are included, reporting genetic approaches to improving various species, including conifers, broad-leaf trees, and bamboo. All of the papers in this book provide cutting-edge genetic information on tree genetics and suggest research directions for future tree improvement
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  • 56
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    Impacts of Climate on Renewable Groundwater Resources and/or Stream-Aquifer Interactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036513577 , 9783036513584
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The book collects seven original contributions in the field of climate and underlying human influences on renewable groundwater resources and/or stream–aquifer interactions. The first contribution introduces the following six ones into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution assesses the impact of climate change scenarios on land subsidence related to groundwater level depletion in detrital aquifers. The third contribution studies the patterns of river infiltration and the associated controlling factors by using a combination of field investigations and modeling techniques. The fourth contribution introduces a method to improve the modeling of streamflow in high-permeability bedrock basins receiving interbasin groundwater flow. The fifth contribution discusses the role of resilience of hydrogeological systems affected by either climate and/or anthropic actions in order to understand how anticipating negative changes and preserving its services. The sixth contribution analyzes the water balance of wetlands, which are systems highly sensitive to climate change and human action. The seventh contribution identifies groundwater bodies with low vulnerability to pumping to be used as potential buffer values for sustainable conjunctive use management during droughts
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    Functional Ceramic Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507323 , 9783036507330
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Ceramic materials in the form of coatings can significantly improve the functionality and applications of other engineering materials. Due to a wide range of controllable features and various deposition methods, it is possible to create tailored substrate–coating systems that meet the requirements of modern technologies. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationships between the structures, morphology and the properties of ceramic coatings and expand the base of scientific knowledge about them. This book contains a series of fourteen articles which present research on the production and properties of ceramic coatings designed to improve functionality for advanced applications
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  • 58
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    New Insights in Oral Health and Diets (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526416 , 9783036526409
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Kurzfassung: The world of adult education needs information on instruments that provide behavioral changes and support the physical, emotional, and spiritual health of modern individuals. Under this scope, this Special Issue incorporates articles about modern perspectives on diet and coaching approaches that lead to new dietary habits
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  • 59
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    Ion-exchange in Glasses and Crystals: from Theory to Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519012 , 9783036519005
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Since its first observation in 1850, ion-exchange (IEx) has become a fundamental process in many applications involving water treatment, catalysis, chromatography, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Starting from the early 1900s, another relevant application of IEx has been in the glass industry, with the surface tempering of glass produced by a K+–Na+ ion exchange. Nowadays, photonics has greatly exploited IEx technology: graded-index microlenses, graded-index fibers and integrated optical waveguides and devices are examples of achievements made possible by the IEx process. Moreover, ion-exchange is possible in ferroelectric crystals, too, and has been fundamental for the development of many linear and nonlinear integrated optical devices in lithium niobate and tantalate.This volume collects articles published in the corresponding Special Issue of the Applied Sciences journal. Four review articles, written by internationally renowned experts in this field, provide complementary overviews of the history, fundamental aspects, designs and fabrications of devices, and technological achievements. Three articles describe original research in the fields of diffraction grating, photo-thermo-refractive glasses, and Yb-doped lithium niobate. This volume constitutes a valuable and updated reference for all students and researchers wishing to improve their knowledge and/or make use of ion-exchange technology and its applications
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  • 60
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    Biogenic Amines and Food Safety (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036506364 , 9783036506371
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Biogenic amines are bioactive compounds distributed in foods of all origins. Apart from their fundamental role in many bodily functions, there has recently been great interest in their toxicological potential, much research is being carried out to understand their occurrence related to both desired and undesired fermentative phenomena, chemical spoilage, low hygienic conditions, wrong handling, and criticism about technological factors of process and storage conditions. All these causes can contribute to a higher content of biogenic amines in food, particularly of those hazardous to human health. This book aims to collect scientific studies looking for new tools to limit the over-production of biogenic amines in food, search for new food sources of biogenic amines, and to spotlight the concept of safe food and bioactive amines content
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    Remote Sensing of the Aquatic Environments (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036516660 , 9783036516653
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Geography
    Kurzfassung: The book highlights recent research efforts in the monitoring of aquatic districts with remote sensing observations and proximal sensing technology integrated with laboratory measurements. Optical satellite imagery gathered at spatial resolutions down to few meters has been used for quantitative estimations of harmful algal bloom extent and Chl-a mapping, as well as winds and currents from SAR acquisitions. The knowledge and understanding gained from this book can be used for the sustainable management of bodies of water across our planet
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    Remote Sensing of Precipitation: Part II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036523279 , 9783036523286
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (594 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Precipitation is a well-recognized pillar in the global water and energy balances. The accurate and timely understanding of its characteristics at the global, regional and local scales is indispensable for a clearer insight on the mechanisms underlying the Earth’s atmosphere-ocean complex system. Precipitation is one of the elements that is documented to be greatly affected by climate change. In its various forms, precipitation comprises the primary source of freshwater, which is vital for the sustainability of almost all human activities. Its socio-economic significance is fundamental in managing this natural resource effectively, in applications ranging from irrigation to industrial and household usage. Remote sensing of precipitation is pursued through a broad spectrum of continuously enriched and upgraded instrumentation, embracing sensors which can be ground-based (e.g., weather radars), satellite-borne (e.g., passive or active space-borne sensors), underwater (e.g., hydrophones), aerial, or ship-borne. This volume hosts original research contributions on several aspects of remote sensing of precipitation, including applications which embrace the use of remote sensing in tackling issues such as precipitation estimation, seasonal characteristics of precipitation and frequency analysis, assessment of satellite precipitation products, storm prediction, rain microphysics and microstructure, and the comparison of satellite and numerical weather prediction precipitation products
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    Metabolomics Data Processing and Data Analysis—Current Best Practices (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511948 , 9783036511955
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Metabolomics data analysis strategies are central to transforming raw metabolomics data files into meaningful biochemical interpretations that answer biological questions or generate novel hypotheses. This book contains a variety of papers from a Special Issue around the theme “Best Practices in Metabolomics Data Analysis”. Reviews and strategies for the whole metabolomics pipeline are included, whereas key areas such as metabolite annotation and identification, compound and spectral databases and repositories, and statistical analysis are highlighted in various papers. Altogether, this book contains valuable information for researchers just starting in their metabolomics career as well as those that are more experienced and look for additional knowledge and best practice to complement key parts of their metabolomics workflows
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  • 64
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    Functional Coordination Polymers and Metal–Organic Frameworks (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515007 , 9783036514994
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This book is a collection of contributions on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) and Coordination Polymers (CP). Coordination Polymers (CP) and Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOF) are at the core of contemporary research on inorganic materials. The virtually infinite combination of their building blocks—inorganic metallic nodes (single ions or clusters) and organic polytopic linkers (polycarboxylates, bridging N-/S-/O-containing heterocycles)—generates solid air- and water-stable compounds. Interesting features from an applicative point of view are porosity, large surface area, and lattice flexibility (the “breathing” effect). These properties make them ubiquitous in several fields of materials science: gas storage and separation, luminescent sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, and magnetism
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  • 65
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    Regulation of Central Carbon and Amino Acid Metabolism in Plants (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511047 , 9783036511054
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
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    Body Composition and Physical Health in Sports Practice (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512013 , 9783036512006
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: Research on human body composition has gained relevance given the recognized health impact of several body components. Many contemporary scientists have contributed to the field of body composition research as it exists today, even though interest in the topic extends back several thousand years. Quantifying human body composition in sports practice plays an important role in monitoring athletes' health status, performances, and training regimens. Such analysis can be performed in different contexts and with different approaches—e.g., in cross-sectional studies that aim to characterize sporting group samples and in longitudinal research finalized to define short-term or long-term changes and implications for physical health and performance. Body composition is also fundamental for a correct interpretation of body mass and weight status to plan specific interventions. This book adds new information on the effect of body composition on physical health and sport performance, current body composition measurement techniques and strategies for improving physical health through sports practice
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  • 67
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    Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Plant Cytoplasmic Organelles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526485 , 9783036526492
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Plant Cytoplasmic Organelles, including new advances in the sequencing of both mitochondria and chloroplasts’ genomes using Next-Generation Sequencing technology in plant species and algae including important crop and tree species, in vitro culture protocol, and identification of a core module of genes involved in plastid development. In particular, the published studies focus on the description of adaptive evolution, elucidate mitochondrial mRNA processing, highlight the effect of domestication process on plastome variability and report the development of molecular markers. A meta-analysis of recently published genome-wide expression studies allowed the identification of novel nuclear genes, involved in the complex and still unrevealed mechanisms at the basis of communication between chloroplast and nucleus (retrograde signalling) during plastid development (biogenic control). Finally, an optimized regeneration protocol useful in plastid transformation of recalcitrant species, such as sugarcane, has been reported
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  • 68
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    Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506401 , 9783036506418
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The interaction of metal with its environment that results in its chemical alteration is called metallic corrosion. According to the literature, corrosion is classified to two types: uniform and localized corrosion. Intervention in either in the alloy environment or in the alloy structure can provide the corrosion protection of metallic materials. Furthermore, the interference in the metal alloy environment can be conducted with the utilization of cathodic or anodic protection via the corresponding inhibitors. Therefore, the most common categorization is cathodic, anodic, and mixed-type inhibitors, taking into account which half-reaction they suppress during corrosion phenomena. The majority of the organic inhibitors are of mixed type and perform through chemisorption. In order to update the field of the corrosion protection of metal and metal alloys with the use of organic inhibitors, a Special Issue entitled "Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings" is introduced. This book gathers and reviews a collection of ten contributions (nine articles and one review), from authors from Europe, Asia, and Africa, that were accepted for publication in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences
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  • 69
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    Natural Polymers and Biopolymers II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504049 , 9783036504056
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: BioPolymers could be either natural polymers – polymer naturally occurring in Nature, such as cellulose or starch…, or biobased polymers that are artificially synthesized from natural resources. Since the late 1990s, the polymer industry has faced two serious problems: global warming and anticipation of limitation to the access to fossil resources. One solution consists in the use of sustainable resources instead of fossil-based resources. Hence, biomass feedstocks are a promising resource and biopolymers are one of the most dynamic polymer area. Additionally, biodegradability is a special functionality conferred to a material, bio-based or not. Very recently, facing the awareness of the volumes of plastic wastes, biodegradable polymers are gaining increasing attention from the market and industrial community. This special issue of Molecules deals with the current scientific and industrial challenges of Natural and Biobased Polymers, through the access of new biobased monomers, improved thermo-mechanical properties, and by substitution of harmful substances. This themed issue can be considered as collection of highlights within the field of Natural Polymers and Biobased Polymers which clearly demonstrate the increased interest in this field. We hope that this will inspire researchers to further develop this area and thus contribute to futures more sustainable society.”
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  • 70
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    Innovative Materials for Construction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501666 , 9783036501673
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Most of the typical materials employed in today’s constructions present limitations, especially concerning their durability, in either common or severe environmental conditions, and their impact on the environment. In response to these issues, academic and industrial efforts around the world have been devoted to developing new smart materials that can provide efficient alternatives, improve the energy efficiency of buildings, or can upgrade, repair, or protect existing infrastructures. Different and wide technological innovations are, therefore, quickly fostering advancements in the field of construction materials. A new generation of materials (bricks, cement, coatings, concrete, FRP, glass, masonry, mortars, nano-materials, PCM, polymers, steel, wood, etc.) is gaining a prominent position in modern building technology, since they can overcome various limits and flaws of conventional materials employed in constructions, without neglecting the smart applications of pioneering materials in ancient constructions and historic buildings. Even though the adoption of innovative materials in the construction field has been a successful route in achieving enhanced performance, or even new and unexpected characteristics, some issues have not been completely solved. On top of them, the cost/performance ratio of novel solutions, since their introduction must be convenient, without compromising quality. Other concerns are related to their sustainability, with eco-friendly options, possibly exploiting recycled materials or by-products from other productions, being the most desirable solution. Finally, the use of materials or systems that are unconventional in this field raises the need to update or develop new specifications and standards. This special issue aims at providing a platform for discussing open issues, challenges, and achievements related to innovative materials proposed for the construction industry
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  • 71
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    Environmental and Energy Efficiency Evaluation Based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505725 , 9783036505732
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Efficiency and productivity assessment are essential to ensure the long-term financial sustainability of countries, services and processes. In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the environmental effects of economic activities, and the need to assess the environmental and energy efficiency has been internationally recognized. Energy and environmental efficiency assessments of decision-making units (DMUs), such as countries, utilities, processes and services are relevant and have strong implications for companies, regulators, stakeholders, policy makers, and customers. To improve both the decision-making process and the management of DMUs, fundamental and practical knowledge about energy and environmental efficiency and productivity is essential
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    Managing Water Resources in Large River Basins (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504667 , 9783036504674
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Management of water resources in large rivers basins typically differs in important ways from management in smaller basins. While in smaller basins the focus of water resources management may be on project implementation, irrigation and drainage management, water use efficiency and flood operations; in larger basins, because of the greater complexity and competing interests, there is often a greater need for long-term strategic river basin planning across sectors and jurisdictions, and considering social, environmental, and economic outcomes. This puts a focus on sustainable development, including consumptive water use and non-consumptive water uses, such as inland navigation and hydropower. It also requires the consideration of hard or technical issues—data, modeling, infrastructure—as well as soft issues of governance, including legal frameworks, policies, institutions, and political economy. Rapidly evolving technologies could play a significant role in managing large basins. This Special Issue of Water traverses these hard and soft aspects of managing water resources in large river basins through a series of diverse case studies from across the globe that demonstrate recent advances in both technical and governance innovations in river basin management
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  • 73
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    Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urbanization Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Developing Countries (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525419 , 9783036525402
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Geography
    Kurzfassung: Over the last two decades, many researchers have focused on developing countries' urbanization patterns and processes. In this context, the scarcity of spatial data has been an obstacle to studying urbanization quantitatively, especially in Asian and African cities. The use of remote sensing data and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques can overcome the above limitations. Data on land use and land cover, land surface temperature, population density, and energy consumption can be extracted based on remote sensing at various spatial and temporal resolutions. GIS techniques can be used to analyze urbanization patterns and predict future patterns. Thus, the link between urbanization and sustainable urban development has increasingly become a principal issue in designing and developing sustainable cities at the local, regional, and global levels. This volume shows the spatiotemporal analysis of urbanization using GIS and remote sensing in developing countries, with a special emphasis on future urban sustainability in Asia and Africa. Capturing the spatial-temporal variation of urbanization patterns will help introduce proper sustainable urban planning in developing countries, especially for Asian and African cities
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  • 74
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    Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Applications in Economics and Finance (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526201 , 9783036526218
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: This book includes the 14 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Applications in Economics and Finance” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which encompasses a wide range of topics connected with the theory and applications of PLS-SEM methodology. These topics involve, among others, prediction of stock market investment intention, institutional quality and international competitiveness, governance paradigms and public innovation, information and communication technologies in the supply chain, influence of the ability to absorb information from the environment and proactivity on the company's results, quality management, effects of the corporate social responsibility on financial performance, resource management for the improvement of the healthcare system, and the application of maximum entropy bootstrapping to time series. It is expected that the book will prove worthwhile and helpful for those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of the field of application (economics, finance, marketing, education or other). Applications of higher order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis and the latest advances in applied methodology can all be found in this book
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  • 75
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    Integrated Water Resources Research : Advancements in Understanding to Improve Future Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502281 , 9783036502298
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources
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    Polynomials: Special Polynomials and Number-Theoretical Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508184 , 9783036508191
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: Polynomials play a crucial role in many areas of mathematics including algebra, analysis, number theory, and probability theory. They also appear in physics, chemistry, and economics. Especially extensively studied are certain infinite families of polynomials. Here, we only mention some examples: Bernoulli, Euler, Gegenbauer, trigonometric, and orthogonal polynomials and their generalizations. There are several approaches to these classical mathematical objects. This Special Issue presents nine high quality research papers by leading researchers in this field. I hope the reading of this work will be useful for the new generation of mathematicians and for experienced researchers as well
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    Fuel Cell Renewable Hybrid Power Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036513072 , 9783036513089
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Climate change is becoming visible today, and so this book—through including innovative solutions and experimental research as well as state-of-the-art studies in challenging areas related to sustainable energy development based on hybrid energy systems that combine renewable energy systems with fuel cells—represents a useful resource for researchers in these fields. In this context, hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the alternative solutions for the development of future clean energy systems. As this book presents the latest solutions, readers working in research areas related to the above are invited to read it
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    Advances in the Biology of Phototrophic Bacteria (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036522692 , 9783036522708
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The application of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses brings new dimensions to our understanding of the biology of phototrophic bacteria. Comparing gene sequences of photosynthetic reaction center proteins and a key enzyme of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis from more than 150 genomes demonstrates the ancient roots of phototrophic bacteria. The presence and phylogeny of biosynthetic pathways of the compatible solutes ectoine and glycine betaine define groups of marine and halophilic phototrophic bacteria. The wide range of ecological niches conquered during evolution is demonstrated by the adaptation of cyanobacterial genera Scytonema, Tolypothrix, and Nostoc to different temperature ranges and the adaptation of Heliorestis species to alkaline habitats. Differences between phototrophic purple bacteria from marine and freshwater habitats are reflected in the preference for sulfidic and non-sulfidic niches. Also, a high proportion of siderophore producers was found among isolates from freshwater sources opposed to those from salty habitats . The primary colonization of carbonate rocks by a group of novel endolithic cyanobacteria and the following successions were studied over 9 months. The genomic characterization of the aerobic Dinoroseobacter strain AAP5, the strictly anaerobic and syntrophic Prosthecochloris ethylica, and the strictly anaerobic Heliorestis convoluta is reported. Significant differences in relation to oxygen are reflected in oxygen production by some species, oxygen tolerance over a wide range of concentrations, and the use of oxygen for energy generation or a strictly anaerobic lifestyle. Relations to oxygen are highlighted in papers on photooxidative stress, regulation of iron–sulfur cluster formation, and interactions of redox regulators. In situ metatranscriptomic and proteomic studies demonstrate the high metabolic flexibility of Chloroflexus aggregans in a hot spring microbial mat and show its adaptation to the changing conditions over day and night periods by a well-coordinated regulation of key metabolic processes for both phototrophic and chemotrophic growth
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    Advances in Antimicrobial Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510064 , 9783036510071
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research
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    Chiral Auxiliaries and Chirogenesis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510163 , 9783036510170
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This Reprint Book highlights and overviews the most important and novel aspects of chiral auxiliary and chirogenesis in different natural/physical sciences and in modern technologies. In particular, some newly emerging classes of molecules used for these purposes are described. This book consists of four review articles and one research paper and is of interest for general chemistry readership, including graduate and postgraduate students, and for researchers specializing in the fields of chirality and stereochemistry
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    Practical Applications of NMR to Solve Real-World Problems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525808 , 9783036525815
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) has developed from primarily a method of academic study into a recognized technology that has advanced measurement capabilities within many different industrial sectors. These sectors include areas such as national security, energy, forensics, life sciences, pharmaceuticals, etc. Despite this diversity, these applications have many shared technical challenges and regulatory burdens, yet interdisciplinary cross-talk is often limited. To facilitate the sharing of knowledge, this Special Issue presents technical articles from four different areas, including the oil industry, nanostructured systems and materials, metabolomics, and biologics. These areas use NMR or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies that range from low-field relaxometry to magnetic fields as high as 700 MHz. Each article represents a practical application of NMR. A few articles are focused on basic research concepts, which will likely have the cross-cutting effect of advancing multiple disciplinary areas
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    Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036522876 , 9783036522883
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: The e-book and Special Issue “Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Physicochemical Quality of Fresh Meat” is composed of six original papers about recent advances in the area of Meat Science about the effect of production system in lamb meat quality, the effect of animal feed supplements in cattle meat, treatment of cattle carcasses to improve tenderness, and the characterization of volatile compounds associated with sensory attributes. Moreover, studies regarding the developments in the processing of meat are also included in this publication
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    Development of Unconventional Reservoirs 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517537 , 9783036517544
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (748 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane
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    The Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Compounds with Medicinal Value (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512990 , 9783036513003
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Kurzfassung: The book explores issues concerning the design, synthetic methods and biological evaluation of molecules of pharmaceutical interest
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  • 85
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    Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523057 , 9783036523064
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (273 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: As faster and more efficient numerical algorithms become available, the understanding of the physics and the mathematical foundation behind these new methods will play an increasingly important role. This Special Issue provides a platform for researchers from both academia and industry to present their novel computational methods that have engineering and physics applications
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  • 86
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    The State of the Art of Thermo-Chemical Heat Storage (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513737 , 9783036513744
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The heat storage based on thermochemical technology is associated with higher amounts of energy stored with respect to systems based on sensible heat. This interesting feature is stimulating the interest of the scientific community, among energy providers and grid managers, since it can effectively support the operation and integration of renewable high-efficiency systems and local smart grids. Research in this field is achieving unprecedented goals thanks to the profitable exploitation of results obtained in the field of heat pumps and thermally driven systems. The present issue offers the reader a sensational window to this rapidly evolving world
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  • 87
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    Discontinuous Fiber Composites, Volume II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512921 , 9783036512914
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (380 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymers have gained importance in transportation industries due to their outstanding material properties, lower manufacturing costs and superior lightweight characteristics. One of the most attractive attributes of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites is the ease with which they can be manufactured in large numbers, using injection and compression molding processes. The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect various investigations focused on the processing of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites and the effect that processing has on fiber orientation, fiber length and fiber density distributions throughout the final product. Papers presenting investigations on the effect that fiber configurations have on the mechanical properties of the final composite products and materials were welcome in the Special Issue. Researchers who model and simulate processes involving discontinuous fiber composites as well as those performing experimental studies involving these composites were welcomed to submit papers. The authors were encouraged to present new models, constitutive laws, and measuring and monitoring techniques to provide a complete framework on these groundbreaking materials and to facilitate their use in different engineering applications
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  • 88
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    Advances in Remote Sensing for Global Forest Monitoring (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512525 , 9783036512532
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Kurzfassung: The topics of the book cover forest parameter estimation, methods to assess land cover and change, forest disturbances and degradation, and forest soil drought estimations. Airborne laser scanner data, aerial images, as well as data from passive and active sensors of different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions have been utilized. Parametric and non-parametric methods including machine and deep learning methods have been employed. Uncertainty estimation is a key topic in each study. In total, 15 articles are included, of which one is a review article dealing with methods employed in remote sensing aided greenhouse gas inventories, and one is the Editorial summary presenting a short review of each article
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  • 89
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    Effects of Mineral Elements on the Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517889 , 9783036517872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Kurzfassung: Medical mineralogy and geochemistry constitute an important field, yet little attention has been paid to it by scientists, administrators, or the public. The aims of this book are: (a) to focus on a selection of current challenges and research opportunities and (b) to encourage knowledge transfer between geochemists and mineralogists whose work concerns medical problems and medical scientists who study problems surrounding biominerals and geomaterials. This book covers a variety of novel approaches, tools and techniques, and scenarios of contamination in water and wastewater, and is a key resource for policymakers and environmental scientists working hard to address environmental pollutants. The key features are: state-of-the-art techniques for the assessment and remediation of heavy metals, presenting the interdisciplinary impacts of heavy metals, including those on human health, ecosystems and water quality, and including various contamination indices, such as contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution index and ecological risk index
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  • 90
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    Plant Adaptation to Global Climate Change (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515281 , 9783036515274
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: Plant Adaptation to Global Climate Change discusses the issues of the impact of climate change factors (abiotic and biotic) on vegetation. This book also deals with simulation modeling approaches to understanding the long-term effects of different environmental factors on vegetation. This book is a valuable resource for the environmental science research community, including those interested in assessing climate change impacts on vegetation and researchers working on simulation modeling
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  • 91
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    Salmonella : Pathogenesis and Host Restriction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509129 , 9783036509136
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This Special Issue “Applications of Stable Isotopes and Tritium in Hydrology” addresses the current state-of-the-art applications of stable isotopes and tritium in studies of hydrological process and the whole water cycle. The six scientific papers belonging to this SI show a wide variety of isotope applications in various studies performed locally or regionally, but the conclusions obtained may be valid worldwide. Precipitation, groundwater, and surface waters belong to classical water bodies, while evapotranspiration, effects of farming, and drip water in karst caves seldom present applications of water isotopes
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  • 92
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    Online-Ressource
    Catalysis by Metals on Perovskite-Type Oxides (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039436972 , 9783039436989
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: The acceptance and preference of the sensory properties of foods are among the most important criteria determining food choice. Sensory perception and our response to food products, and finally food choice itself, are affected by a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The pressing question is, how do these factors specifically affect our acceptance and preference for foods, both in and of themselves, and in combination in various contexts, both fundamental and applied? In addition, which factors overall play the largest role in how we perceive and behave towards food in daily life? Finally, how can these factors be utilized to affect our preferences and final acceptance of real food and food products from industrial production and beyond for healthier eating? A closer look at trends in research showcasing the influence that these factors and our senses have on our perception and affective response to food products and our food choices is timely. Thus, in this Special Issue collection “Consumer Preferences and Acceptance of Food Products”, we bring together articles which encompass the wide scope of multidisciplinary research in the space related to the determination of key factors involved linked to fundamental interactions, cross-modal effects in different contexts and eating scenarios, as well as studies that utilize unique study design approaches and methodologies
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  • 93
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    Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modeling of Chemical Combustion Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513324 , 9783036513317
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: Biofuels have recently attracted a lot of attention, mainly as alternative fuels for applications in energy generation and transportation. The utilization of biofuels in such controlled combustion processes has the great advantage of not depleting the limited resources of fossil fuels while leading to emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke particles similar to those of fossil fuels. On the other hand, a vast amount of biofuels are subjected to combustion in small-scale processes, such as for heating and cooking in residential dwellings, as well as in agricultural operations, such as crop residue removal and land clearing. In addition, large amounts of biomass are consumed annually during forest and savanna fires in many parts of the world. These types of burning processes are typically uncontrolled and unregulated. Consequently, the emissions from these processes may be larger compared to industrial-type operations. Aside from direct effects on human health, especially due to a sizeable fraction of the smoke emissions remaining inside residential homes, the smoke particles and gases released from uncontrolled biofuel combustion impose significant effects on the regional and global climate. Estimates have shown the majority of carbonaceous airborne particulate matter to be derived from the combustion of biofuels and biomass. “Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modelling of Chemical Combustion Systems” comprehensively overviews and includes in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biofuel production and combustion processes. To be specific, this book contains sixteen high-quality studies (fifteen research papers and one review paper) addressing techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production as well as challenges in the broad area of process modelling and control in combustion processes
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  • 94
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    Screening, Identification, and Quantification of Nutritional Components and Phytochemicals in Foodstuffs (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520223 , 9783036520216
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This book provides readers with a good overview of the status and exciting developments in the identification of health-promoting properties and potential applications of nutraceutical substances. It includes papers focused on modern analytical instrumentation and new methods and biological tests applied to the evaluation of plant foods, derived products, herbal products, and food supplements and the phytochemical characterization of innovative natural sources of bioactive compounds and relative health-promoting properties
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  • 95
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    The Built Environment in a Changing Climate : Interactions, Challenges and Perspectives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523569 , 9783036523552
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: The papers included in this Special Issue tackle multiple aspects of how cities, districts, and buildings could evolve along with climate change and how this would impact our way of conceiving and applying design criteria, policies, and urban plans. Despite the multidisciplinary nature of the collection, some transversal take-home messages emerge: • Today’s energy-efficient paradigms may lose their virtuosity in the future unless accurate estimates of future scenarios are used to design modelling platforms and to inform legislative frameworks; • Acting at the local scale is key. Future climate change adaptation will be implemented at the local level. Overlooking regional and local specificities will contribute to inaccurate and inefficient action plans. As such, the smaller scale will become vital in predicting future urban metabolic rates and corresponding comfort-driven strategies; • Energy poverty, heat vulnerability, and social injustice are emerging as critical factors for planning and acting for future-proof cities on par of micro- and meso-climatological factors; • Given that the impacts of climate change will persist for many years, adaptation to this phenomenon should be prioritized by removing any prominent barrier and by enabling combinations of different mitigation technologies. These topics will receive a global reach in few decades, since also developing and underdeveloped countries are starting their fight against local climate change, with cities at the forefront
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  • 96
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    Molecular Aspects of Plant Salinity Stress and Tolerance (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513805 , 9783036513799
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Kurzfassung: This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply
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  • 97
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    Chiral Auxiliaries and Chirogenesis II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511542 , 9783036511559
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: This Reprint Book highlights and overviews the most important and novel aspects of chiral auxiliary and chirogenesis in different natural/physical sciences and in modern technologies. In particular, some newly emerging classes of molecules used for these purposes have been described. Furthermore, some important experimental and theoretical issues associated with the chirality field have been addressed. This book consists of one review article and six research papers and is of interest for general chemistry readership, including graduate and post-graduate students, and for researchers specializing in the fields of chirality and stereochemistry
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  • 98
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    Geometric Analysis of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510460 , 9783036510477
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Kurzfassung: This book contains a collection of twelve papers that reflect the state of the art of nonlinear differential equations in modern geometrical theory. It comprises miscellaneous topics of the local and nonlocal geometry of differential equations and the applications of the corresponding methods in hydrodynamics, symplectic geometry, optimal investment theory, etc. The contents will be useful for all the readers whose professional interests are related to nonlinear PDEs and differential geometry, both in theoretical and applied aspects
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  • 99
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    Advances in Structural Mechanics Modeled with FEM (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509907 , 9783036509914
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Kurzfassung: It is well known that many structural and physical problems cannot be solved by analytical approaches. These problems require the development of numerical methods to get approximate but accurate solutions. The minite element method (FEM) represents one of the most typical methodologies that can be used to achieve this aim, due to its simple implementation, easy adaptability, and very good accuracy. For these reasons, the FEM is a widespread technique which is employed in many engineering fields, such as civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering. The large-scale deployment of powerful computers and the consequent recent improvement of the computational resources have provided the tools to develop numerical approaches that are able to solve more complex structural systems characterized by peculiar mechanical configurations. Laminated or multi-phase composites, structures made of innovative materials, and nanostructures are just some examples of applications that are commonly and accurately solved by the FEM. Analogously, the same numerical approaches can be employed to validate the results of experimental tests. The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect numerical investigations focused on the use of the finite element method
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  • 100
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    Biomass Derived Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysts (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509082 , 9783036509099
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Research & information: general
    Kurzfassung: In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts
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