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  • 2015-2019  (307)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939
  • 2017  (307)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA  (307)
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  • 2015-2019  (307)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939
Year
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Viral Interactions with the Nucleus (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452477
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Viruses cause numerous medically important diseases, affecting developing, developed, rich and poor alike. The diseases vary in severity, including chickenpox, smallpox, influenza, shingles, herpes, rabies, polio, Ebola, hanta fever, AIDS and the common cold, amongst others. Regardless of the type of tissue or organ affected, all viruses follow the same basic steps to infect host cells. Once in contact with host cells viruses release their genetic material into the cell followed by genome replication, production of viral proteins, assembly of the virus particle and egress from the infected cell. Viruses disrupt normal host cell processes in order to facilitate their own replication/assembly by re-directing cellular machinery for viral transcription, translation, assembly, release and by inhibiting antiviral responses. Regulated nuclear transport of macromolecules through the nuclear pore complex, the only means of transport across the nuclear membrane, is essential for normal cell function and an effective antiviral response. Many viruses disrupt or exploit the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways in host cells. Cytoplasmic viruses exploit the host cell nucleocytoplasmic trafficking machinery to access nuclear functions and/or disrupt nuclear transport, while several DNA viruses use the trafficking pathways to enable export of their components into the cytoplasm; yet others complete their assembly within the nucleus and use nuclear export pathways to access the cytoplasm. Indeed, the many and varied interactions of viruses and viral proteins with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking components have been invaluable in pathway discovery. Importantly, mounting evidence suggests that these interactions play essential roles in virus replication/assembly and hence may be key to understanding pathophysiology of viral diseases. This Frontiers Research Topic is dedicated to the importance of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking to viral pathogenesis
    Note: English
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using Substances to Enhance Performance: A Psychology of Neuroenhancement (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889450756
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Neuroenhancement (NE) is a behavior conceptualized as the use of a potentially psychoactive substance to enhance ones’ already proficient cognitive capacities. Depending on the specific definitions used, prevalence estimates vary greatly between very low 0.3% (for illicit substances) to astonishingly high 89% (for freely available lifestyle substances). These variations indicate that further research and more conceptual and theoretical clarification of the NE construct is dearly needed. The contributions of this research topic aim to do just that. Specific questions addressed are: How prevalent is NE behavior? How can NE research profit from the already more evolved field of social science research on doping in sports? How is NE perceived by the public? What psychological processes and variables play a role in the decision to neuroenhance? A wide array of methodological approaches is used to investigate these questions. The topics contributions range from theoretical to experimental accounts on NE, and they utilize a diverse set of methods ranging from qualitative to neuroscientific approaches. The research presented here represents a first step towards what we have labeled a psychological approach to NE. By addressing the questions above this research topic hopefully advances our understanding of NE behavior. As with every new field of research, new answers always prompt new questions. In light of what we know now about NE, we hope that the findings presented here will be pursued by other researchers in the future. Clearly, the endeavor to understand NE behavior has only just begun
    Note: English
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vaccines, Immunotherapy and New Antifungal Therapy Against Fungi: Updates in the New Frontier (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889453276
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Invasive fungal diseases have increased many fold over the past 50 years. Current treatment regimens typically require prolonged administration of antifungal medications that can have significant toxicity. Moreover, our present potent antifungal armamentarium fails to eradicate fungal pathogens from certain compromised hosts. Additionally, invasive fungal diseases continue to have unacceptably high mortality rates. A growing body of work has focused on the utility of vaccines and/or immunotherapy as a powerful tool in combating mycoses, either for the active treatment, as an adjuvant, or in the prevention of specific fungal pathogens. Also, it is growing the interest over new drugs development as second choice for treatment when traditional chemotherapy fail. This Research Topic will detail the exciting progress in developing vaccines, immunotherapy and new drugs for fungi
    Note: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding Crohn's Disease: Immunity, Genes and Microbes (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory bowel disease resulting in considerable morbidity and reduced quality of life. Although still under intense debate, CD seems to result from an enhanced and uncontrolled immune response to the gut microbiota. CD is thought to be multifactorial depending on genetic and environmental determinants. In recent years, nearly 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with increased risk of developing CD (some of the SNPs also associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis, another type of IBD). These SNPs are mostly located in genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms, such as autophagy, expression of pattern-recognition receptors and citokine signaling. Epigenetics is also probably playing a role in CD susceptibility, as it is sensitive to environmental conditions and may mediate gene-environment interactions. Environmental factors possibly involved in CD development include diet, gut microbiota composition and infection with specific pathogens, of which the most consistently associated to CD are Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. This Topic aimed at bringing together contributions covering different genetic, epigenetic, immunological and microbial processes involved in the development of CD, helping to drive forward the understanding of CD immunopahtology
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding the Role of Time-Dimension in the Brain Information Processing (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451494
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Optimized interaction of the brain with environment requires the four-dimensional representation of space-time in the neuronal circuits. Information processing is an important part of this interaction, which is critically dependent on time-dimension. Information processing has played an important role in the evolution of mammals, and has reached a level of critical importance in the lives of primates, particularly the humans. The entanglement of time-dimension with information processing in the brain is not clearly understood at present. Time-dimension in physical world – the environment of an organism – can be represented by the interval of a pendulum swing (the cover page depicts temporal unit with the help of a swinging pendulum). Temporal units in neural processes are represented by regular activities of pacemaker neurons, tonic regular activities of proprioceptors and periodic fluctuations in the excitability of neurons underlying brain oscillations. Moreover, temporal units may be representationally associated with time-bins containing bits of information (see the Editorial), which may be studied to understand the entanglement of time-dimension with neural information processing. The optimized interaction of the brain with environment requires the calibration of neural temporal units. Neural temporal units are calibrated as a result of feedback processes occurring during the interaction of an organism with environment. Understanding the role of time-dimension in the brain information processing requires a multidisciplinary approach, which would include psychophysics, single cell studies and brain recordings. Although this Special Issue has helped us move forward on some fronts, including theoretical understanding of calibration of time-information in neural circuits, and the role of brain oscillations in timing functions and integration of asynchronous sensory information, further advancements are needed by developing correct computational tools to resolve the relationship between dynamic, hierarchical neural oscillatory structures that form during the brain’s interaction with environment
    Note: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Work-Life Balance: Essential or Ephemeral? (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452545
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Burn-out and suicide rates among physicians and scientists in academic medicine are at an all-time high and jeopardize the future of our entire profession. In the last 4 years alone, burn-out rates among physicians have increased by 25%. In a recent 2017 Medscape publication, burn-out rates in Critical Care physicians ranked in 9th place and Pediatricians ranked 13th among 27 subspecialties. Astonishingly, over 50% of the participants reported burn-out symptoms, with clear race and gender disparities. While men generally report higher burn-out rates than women, it is important to emphasize that response rates from women in these surveys were notoriously low and may not represent the complete picture. These numbers are even more dismal for tenured academic faculty at research-extensive universities. In this group, emotional exhaustion (i.e. high burn-out) is reported at 35% with a clear association with age and lower burn-out levels in the older tenured faculty. While no gender or racial/ethnic differences were found in this particular group, higher levels of burn-out were identified in individuals with financial responsibilities beyond a spouse and child. While it is comforting to note the increasing public interest and research activities in this field, successful approaches to ameliorate the burden and consequences of physician burn-out are still inadequately developed. Academic centers increasingly offer some type of work-life balance program to their employees but, unfortunately, these programs are frequently adopted from corporate business models and remain largely ineffective in the academic environment. It should be evident to most administrators that the stressors of academic clinicians and scientists substantially differ from those of corporate employees. Based on these observations and over 75 years of combined experience in academic medicine amongst the three editors of this Research Topic, we collected 26 manuscripts from 22 authors at different career stages and different genders, ethnicities, marital status and subspecialties to identify and stratify common and specific stressors and therapeutic approaches to ameliorate burn-out and achieve work-life balance in academic medicine. We are confident that each reader will identify with at least one, if not several, of the authors’ opinions, experiences and approaches to attain greater work-life balance and thereby avoid the consequences of burn-out in modern academic medicine
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unmet Needs in Dystonia (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451951
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This Research Topic contains proceedings of the final conference for COST Action BM1101 “Network of dystonia syndromes”. The topic highlights consolidated knowledge and unmet needs in a field that is evolving very fast. This publication is based upon work from COST Action BM1101, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ubiquitin and the Brain: Roles of Proteolysis in the Normal and Abnormal Nervous System (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452859
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (241 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Proteolysis by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) in the nervous system has been extensively studied both in the context of normal physiological function as well as abnormal pathological conditions. Although ubiquitin was used as a marker of brain pathology, the normal functions of the UPP were not studied much in the nervous system until the 1990s. The early investigations focused on synaptic plasticity which was followed by studies on the roles of protein degradation in the development of the nervous system. Research on the role of abnormal roles of the UPP follows a parallel trajectory. Since the 2000s, the field has grown to encompass many subareas of research and several model systems. Despite the progress made, many unanswered questions still remain. For example, there are many unknowns about the precise spatial and temporal control of protein degradation in the normal nervous system. With respect to the roles of proteolysis in brain pathology a major challenge is to elucidate the connection between impaired protein degradation and disease progression. In addition, in-depth studies of the roles of ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis in neurodegenerative diseases are promising in identifying therapeutic targets. This ebook contains original research papers and insightful reviews that cover several aspects of proteolysis by the UPP and its physiological as well as pathological functions in the nervous system
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tox21 Challenge to Build Predictive Models of Nuclear Receptor and Stress Response Pathways as Mediated by Exposure to Environmental Toxicants and Drugs (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451975
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Tens of thousands of chemicals are released into the environment every day. High-throughput screening (HTS) has offered a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional toxicity tests that can profile these chemicals for potential adverse effects with the aim to prioritize a manageable number for more in depth testing and to provide clues to mechanism of toxicity. The Tox21 program, a collaboration between the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/National Toxicology Program (NTP), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has generated quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) data on a library of 10K compounds, including environmental chemicals and drugs, against a panel of nuclear receptor and stress response pathway assays during its production phase (phase II). The Tox21 Challenge, a worldwide modeling competition, was launched that asks a “crowd” of researchers to use these data to elucidate the extent to which the interference of biochemical and cellular pathways by compounds can be inferred from chemical structure data. In the Challenge participants were asked to model twelve assays related to nuclear receptor and stress response pathways using the data generated against the Tox21 10K compound library as the training set. The computational models built within this Challenge are expected to improve the community’s ability to prioritize novel chemicals with respect to potential concern to human health. This research topic presents the resulting computational models with good predictive performance from this Challenge
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tertiary Lymphoid Organs (TLOs): Powerhouses of Disease Immunity (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (235 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The immune system employs TLOs to elicit highly localized and forceful responses to unresolvable peripheral tissue inflammation. Current data indicate that TLOs are protective but they may also lead to collateral tissue injury and serve as nesting places to generate autoreactive lymphocytes. A better comprehension of these powerhouses of disease immunity will likely facilitate development to unprecedented and specific therapies to fight chronic inflammatory diseases
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stress Field Control of Eruption Dynamics (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452774
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Increasing evidence supports the claim that stress changes play a fundamental role in triggering volcanic eruptions. Stress changes may vary in origin to include earthquakes, erosion and landslide processes, deglaciation, or tidal effects. The local stress can also change as response of magma influx from deeper reservoirs and an increase of the magma/gas pressure. The stress transfer may be of great importance in reawakening a dormant system. As an example, significant statistical correlation of large earthquakes and eruptions in time and space was suggested in many works. The interaction may be two-fold; where magma intrusions may change the stress at active faults and trigger earthquakes, while tectonic earthquakes may affect the magmatic system and change the eruption activity. The change in local tectonic stress has been claimed as trigger of large ignimbrite eruptions or for controlling the eruptive style of explosive eruptions. Sometimes volcano systems that are nested or closely located may become active in chorus; neighbouring volcanoes may interact in the sense that one volcano triggers its neighbouring volcano. However, although there is ample evidence of concurrence, the processes of interacting volcanoes and near- to far-field tectonic stress are not well understood. Some studies suggest that volcanic eruptions are triggered if compressive stress acts at the magma system and “squeezes” out magma. Other studies suggest that extensional stress fields facilitate magma rise and thus encourage eruptions, or that fluctuating compression and extension during the passing of seismic waves trigger eruptions. This research topic tries to address some of the important open questions in interaction between stress field and volcanic eruption, though both review papers and new contributions
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  • 12
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    Emerging Tools for Emerging Symbioses - Using Genomics Applications to Studying Endophytes (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plants are typically colonized by numerous endophyte species symbiotically without any noticeable disease symptoms. These microbes are abundant, diverse and play critical ecological roles across natural and agricultural ecosystems. Endophytes have attracted the attention of researchers due to their various beneficial effects on plants, especially in agricultural crop species. Genomic tools will enhance our understanding on the growth and nutrition requirements of this host-symbiont relationship. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines have allowed analyzing the plant microbiome and host-endophyte interaction more effectively with limited bias. Furthermore, various studies have employed and utilized transcriptomic and genomic tools to understand the role of endophytes and their interaction with plant hosts. This electronic book covers various research articles highlighting the important developments on endophytes using transcriptomics, next generation sequencing and genomic tools
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    Sea Level Variability and Change (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In June 2015 we held a workshop on the beautiful island of Mallorca, Spain with a focus on sea level variability and change. Over 120 sea level experts from around the world attended this workshop, from a range of different disciplines. The main aims of the workshop were to: 1.) Evaluate the current state-of-knowledge of sea level science; 2.) Identify gaps and unresolved questions in any aspect of sea level science; and 3.) Design future research to address these issue. All aspects of sea level changes were covered, from global to regional, observations and modelling, processes driving mean sea level changes and extremes, from the geological scale to the instrumental era and future projections and including impacts on the coastal zones. This E-Book presents papers that came out of that workshop. Overall, these papers illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of sea level research, cross-cutting many fields of research including: oceanography, meteorology, geology, coastal morphodynamics, engineering and the social-economic aspects. Collectively, theses articles represent an interesting range of perspectives and original studies that contribute to understanding the dynamic nature of sea level and its impacts across a wide range of time and space scales. Enjoy reading them!
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Self-Organization in the Nervous System (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453405
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This special issue review ...
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  • 15
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    Regulation of Endurance Performance: New Frontiers (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Successful endurance perf ...
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Recent Advances in Flowering Time Control (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (255 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The onset of flowering is an important step during the lifetime of a flowering plant. During the past two decades, there has been enormous progress in our understanding of how internal and external (environmental) cues control the transition to reproductive growth in plants. Many flowering time regulators have been identified from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Most of them are assembled in regulatory pathways, which converge to central integrators which trigger the transition of the vegetative into an inflorescence meristem. For crop cultivation, the time of flowering is of upmost importance, because it determines yield. Phenotypic variation for this trait is largely controlled by genes, which were often modified during domestication or crop improvement. Understanding the genetic basis of flowering time regulation offers new opportunities for selection in plant breeding and for genome editing and genetic modification of crop species
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  • 17
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    The Role of Play in Child Assessment and Intervention (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452590
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Play is a ubiquitous and universal aspect of early childhood. Although it may take different forms throughout development and across cultures, decades of research have found play to be related to important, positive outcomes. Play provides children with valuable cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal learning opportunities. It can act as a mode of communication for young children and allows them to practice ways of managing complex interpersonal interactions. Specific aspects of play, such as children’s creativity in pretend play, have been associated with resilience and coping. The significance of play in childhood has led to its frequent use in the assessment of child development and in the implementation of child and parent-child psychological and educational interventions. Historically, however, the validity and efficacy of these interventions have not been rigorously evaluated. Further, few assessment and intervention models have included parents, teachers, and other key caregivers, but have focused only on the child. This Research Topic will bring together the most current literature on the use of play in child assessment and intervention
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  • 18
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    Reducing Oral Health Disparities: What Can We Learn from Social; Environmental and Cultural Factors? (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453719
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Oral health disparities are profound worldwide, and they affect the quality of life of individuals of all age groups. Disparities in oral health are seen in racial and ethnic minorities, at different socioeconomic levels and due to differences in environment and cultural factors. Several determinants of oral health have been identified at the population, community, family and individual levels. These determinants represent a complex interplay of the social, biological, cultural and economic factors that in turn affect the oral health behaviors, environmental exposures, health care utilization. To date, biological factors related to oral diseases have received much attention in oral health research; whilst social and cultural determinants have just started to receive recognition for their role in oral disease development and progression. This research highlights that interventions designed to reduce disparities should adopt a multi-level approach in order to identify the modifiable mechanisms and target all determinants of oral health disparities. In this Research Topic, we will focus on the role of social, environmental and cultural factors in the development and progression of oral diseases, their role in oral health disparities and interventions focusing on these factors to improve oral health and reduce disparities
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  • 19
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    Modeling Individual Differences in Perceptual Decision Making (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: To deal with the abundant ...
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  • 20
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    Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453399
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (163 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and allow cells to respond to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the environment and to produce an appropriate response by altering many cellular functions. MAPKs are among the most intensively studied signal transduction systems. MAPK research is a very dynamic field in which new perspectives are continuously opening to the scientific community. Importantly, many MAPK inhibitors have been developed during the last years and are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical assays for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment. In this research topic, we have gathered 14 papers covering recent advances in different aspects of the MAPK research area that have provided valuable insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics, the regulation and functions of MAPK pathways, as well as their therapeutic potential. We hope that this Research Topic helps readers to have a better understanding of the progresses that have been made recently in the field of MAPK signalling. A deeper understanding of the these pathways will facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches
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  • 21
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    Microbial Role in the Carbon Cycle in Tropical Inland Aquatic Ecosystems (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451272
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Aquatic microorganisms are tidily related to the carbon cycle in aquatic systems, especially in respect to its accumulation and emission to atmosphere. In one hand, the autotrophs are responsible for the carbon input to the ecosystems and trophic chain. On the other hand, the heterotrophs traditionally play a role in the carbon mineralization and, since microbial loop theory, may play a role to carbon flow through the organisms. However, it is not yet clear how the heterotrophs contribute to carbon retention and emission especially from tropical aquatic ecosystems. Most of the studies evaluating the role of microbes to carbon cycle in inland waters were performed in high latitudes and only a few studies in the tropical area. In the prospective of global changes where the warm tropical lakes and rivers become even warmer, it is important to understand how microorganisms behave and interact with carbon cycle in the Earth region with highest temperature and light availability. This research topic documented microbial responses to natural latitudinal gradients, spatial within and between ecosystems gradients, temporal approaches and temperature and nutrient manipulations in the water and in the sediment
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  • 22
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    Mathematical and Statistics Anxiety: Educational, Social, Developmental and Cognitive Perspectives (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450763
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Mathematical anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension or fear which arises when a person is faced with mathematical content. The negative consequences of mathematical anxiety are well-documented. Students with high levels of mathematical anxiety might underperform in important test situations, they tend to hold negative attitudes towards mathematics, and they are likely to opt out of elective mathematics courses, which also affects their career opportunities. Although at the university level many students do not continue to study mathematics, social science students are confronted with the fact that their disciplines involve learning about statistics - another potential source of anxiety for students who are uncomfortable with dealing with numerical content. Research on mathematical anxiety is a truly interdisciplinary field with contributions from educational, developmental, cognitive, social and neuroscience researchers. The current collection of papers demonstrates the diversity of the field, offering both new empirical contributions and reviews of existing studies. The contributors also outline future directions for this line of research
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    Microbiota of Grapes: Positive and Negative Role on Wine Quality (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451210
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (231 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: During spontaneous food/b ...
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    Mind-Brain Plasticity and Rehabilitation of Cognitive Functions: What Techniques Have Been Proven Effective? (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451876
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Rehabilitation of cognitive functions is a primary goal in neurological and psychiatric settings. Cognitive treatments include individual and group exercises, as well as the use of computer programs and virtual reality. Besides, ongoing studies have been examining the clinical usefulness of non-invasive cerebral cortex stimulation in increasing the efficacy of cognitive protocols. Cognitive rehabilitation is based on neuroplasticity and affects brain morphological and physiological responses by integration of behavioral and cognitive changes. The brain correlates of rehabilitation-induced modifications can be investigated through magnetic resonance imaging, both at structural and functional macro-levels. Animal research can integrate such information providing data on axonal regrowth and reshaping of synaptic connectivity in response to treatment. Animal models of neurological and psychiatric conditions have been developed, and preclinical test batteries for the assessment of cognitive functions in animal models of such conditions have been created. The question is then: how does rehabilitation drive reorganization at the neuronal level? The focus of this Research Topic is on rehabilitation-induced cognitive and neural plasticity in adult humans and animal models. The goal is to provide an integrated picture highlighting what techniques have been proven to be effective
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    Mental State Understanding: Individual Differences in Typical and Atypical Development (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The current book addresses the development of mental state understanding in children with typical and atypical population, and reports new suggestions about the way to evaluate it and to support it through training. The presented frame is multifaceted. In respect to typical populations, the role of maternal reflective functioning, language, communication, and educational contexts has been deepened; and the association with internalizing/externalizing behaviors, performances in spatial tasks and pragmatics has been addressed as well. As to atypical populations, deficits in mental states understanding are reported for children with different developmental disorders or impairments, as the agenesis of the corpus callosum, Down Syndrome, preterm birth, Autism Spectrum Disorder, hearing impairment and personality difficulties such as anxiety. Overall, the papers collected in our book allow a better understanding of the mechanisms influencing mental state understanding and the effects of mental state comprehension on development
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    Lymphocytes in MS and EAE: More than just a CD4+ World (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453023
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is deg ...
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    Plants; Stress & Proteins (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452675
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (323 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Biotic and abiotic stress factors deliver a huge impact on plant life. Biotic stress factors such as damage through pathogens or herbivore attack, as well as abiotic stress factors like variation in temperature, rainfall and salinity, have placed the plant kingdom under constant challenges for survival. As a consequence, global agricultural and horticultural productivity has been disturbed to a large extent. Being sessile in nature, plants cannot escape from the stress, and instead adapt changes within their system to overcome the adverse conditions. These changes include physiological, developmental and biochemical alterations within the plant body which influences the genome, proteome and metabolome profiles of the plant. Since proteins are the ultimate players of cellular behavior, proteome level alterations during and recovery period of stress provide direct implications of plant responses towards stress factors. With current advancement of modern high-throughput technologies, much research has been carried out in this field. This e-book highlights the research and review articles that cover proteome level changes during the course or recovery period of various stress factors in plant life. Overall, the chapters in this e-book has provided a wealth of information on how plants deal with stress from a proteomics perspective
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    Organogenesis From Development to Disease (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453184
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: During embryonic development there are many processes that must take place to produce a viable and healthy fetus. Alterations in the cellular and/or molecular interactions within any particular organ can cause catastrophic defects leading to defective organogenesis and death of the embryo. Even slight malformations of the organs can cause developmental reprogramming and increase the likelihood of adult onset diseases. The use of experimental animals with genetic mutations that mimic many human conditions has lead to significant scientific advancement of these complex and multifaceted diseases. Furthermore, the utilization of organ culture systems has made for profound insights into the formation of organs. Over recent years, the technology related to molecular profiling and imaging of developing organs has dramatically improved, leading to the identification of subtle genetic and phenotypic alterations. This research topic will focus on the area of organ formation and modeling of human developmental diseases
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    Plastid Proteostasis: Relevance of Transcription; Translation and Post-Translational Modifications (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453436
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Due to their bacterial en ...
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    Physiological Adaptations to Swimming in Fish (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Swimming is an integral part of the life history of many fish species as is intimately linked with their ability to express feeding and predator avoidance behaviors, habitat selection and environmental preferences, social and reproductive behaviors as well as migratory behaviors. Therefore, swimming is an important determinant factor of fitness in a true Darwinian sense and, not surprisingly, swimming performance has been often used as a measure of physiological fitness in fish. The main aim of this Research Topic is to showcase some of the current studies designed to improve our understanding of the physiological energetic and metabolic requirements of swimming and of the adaptive responses to swimming in fish
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    Perspectives for the Next Generation of Virus Research: Spearheading the Use of Innovative Technologies and Methodologies (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452156
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Infectious diseases are associated with approximately 20% of global mortality, with viral diseases causing about one third of these deaths. Besides newly emerging and re-emerging viral infections will continue to pose a threat to human survival globally. In this case scientific advances have greatly been increased to defend against those pathogens. For example, rapid genomic sequencing, proteomics, epigenomics, nanotechnology, and other advanced tools are being applied to detect viruses at the point of care and to track their spread within human populations as well as to understand virus-host interaction and virus induced pathogenesis. From rapid identification of new viruses to prevention with vaccination and treatment with effective therapeutics, biomedical research has continuously provided tools to meet the constant threat of emerging viral pathogens. Despite these advances, each new disease brings unique challenges to scientists every year. So we must stay at the cutting edge of scientific discovery, working energetically to develop new tools to combat the ever-changing threats they pose. Our research topic highlights such advanced and new technology based virus research which definitely bolsters the researcher's ability to tackle emerging, re-emerging and stable viral pathogens. We are credulous that the papers including in the e-books will be beneficial to the experts in the field to understand the molecular, immunological, ecological and clinical aspects of the next generation researches for the prevention and control of infectious diseases caused by viruses
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    Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Trafficking in Health and Disease (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450893
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The knowledge about the properties and importance of ionotropic glutamate receptor trafficking is ever increasing. Importantly, the pace of the progress has been accelerated in recent years. Here, our contributors provide a) reviews on specific topics that present an up-to-date overview of the field, as well as b) original articles with the relevant new findings
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    Industrial and Host Associated Stress Responses in Food Microbes. Implications for Food Technology and Food Safety (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452934
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (295 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Throughout the food processing chain and after ingestion by the host, food associated bacteria have to cope with a range of stress factors such as thermal and/or non-thermal inactivation treatments, refrigeration temperatures, freeze-drying, high osmolarity, acid pH in the stomach or presence of bile salts in the intestine, that threaten bacterial survival. The accompanying plethora of microbial response and adaptation phenomena elicited by these stresses has important implications for food technology and safety. Indeed, while resistance development of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms may impose health risks for the consumer and impart great economic losses to food industries, reduced survival of probiotic bacteria may strongly compromise their claimed health benefit attributes. As a result, substantial research efforts have been devoted in the last decades to unravel the mechanisms underlying stress response and resistance development in food associated microorganisms in order to better predict and improve (i) the inactivation of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms on the one hand and (ii) the robustness and performance of beneficial microorganisms on the other. Moreover, the recent implementation of system-wide omics and (single-)cell biology approaches is greatly boosting our insights into the modes of action underlying microbial inactivation and survival. This Research Topic aims to provide an avenue for dissemination of recent advances within the field of microbial stress response and adaptation, with a particular focus not only on food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms but also on beneficial microbes in foods
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    Impact of Aerosols (Saharan Dust and Mixed) on the East Mediterranean Oligotrophic Ecosystem; Results from Experimental Studies (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453191
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In oligotrophic environments, dust and nutrient inputs via atmospheric routes are considered important sources of macro-nutrients and micro-trace metals fuelling primary and secondary production. Yet, the impact of these dust inputs on the microbial populations is not fully investigated in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). The response of oligotrophic systems to dust inputs, whether as positive or negative feedbacks to autotrophic and heterotrophic production and thus to biogeochemical cycling, is important to examine further. Experimental studies have explored nutrient additions in various combinations to determine the limiting resource to productivity or N2 fixation. Recent experimental studies have applied dust enrichments to bottle or mesocosm incubations of seawater from different oceanic regions. This research topic presents two Eastern Mediterranean dust addition mesocosm experiments using, for the first time, real aerosol additions, pure Saharan dust and mixed aerosols (a natural mixture of desert dust and polluted European particles), as well as other EMS aerosol experimental studies. The Topic includes manuscripts introducing results on: a) the impact of Saharan dust vs mixed aerosols on the autotrophic and heterotrophic surface microbial populations in the EMS, b) the impact of single vs multi-pulses of Saharan dust introduction into the pelagic environment of the EMS and c) other experimental studies of aerosol impacts on the EMS ecosystem
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    Interplay between NO Signalling, ROS, and the Antioxidant System in Plants (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Over the last decades, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an essential player in redox signalling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also act as signals throughout all stages of plant life. Because they are potentially harmful for cellular integrity, ROS and NO levels must be tightly controlled, especially by the classical antioxidant system and additional redox-active metabolites and proteins. Recent work provided evidence that NO and ROS influence each other’s biosynthesis and removal. Moreover, novel signalling molecules resulting from the chemical reaction between NO, ROS and plant metabolites have been highlighted, including N2O3, ONOO-, NO2, S-nitrosoglutathione and 8-NO2 cGMP. They are involved in diverse plant physiological processes, the best characterized being stomata regulation and stress defense. Taken together, these new data demonstrate the complex interactions between NO, ROS signalling and the antioxidant system. This Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic aims to provide an updated and complete overview of this important and rapidly expanding area through original article and detailed reviews
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    Induction of Central Nervous System Disease by the Adaptive Immune Response (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Over the last years it has become evident that many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are induced by a specific adaptive immune response directed against molecules expressed on CNS-resident cells. Well-recognized examples are anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis which is characterized by the presence of antibodies against neuron-expressed NMDAR, or neuromyelitis optica (NMO), induced by antibodies to astrocyte-expressed aquaporin-4. Many more examples exist, and antibodies, and T or/and B cells have increasingly been associated with CNS disease. Often the symptoms of these diseases have not been typically reported to have an immune aetiology. Beside classical neurological symptoms like ataxia, vision disturbance, and motor or sensory symptoms, these can include cognitive disturbances, behavioral abnormalities, or/and epileptic seizures. Although much has been learned regarding the pathophysiology of prototypic examples of these disorders, there are still major gaps in our understanding of their biology. This may be due to the fact that they are rare diseases, and their therapies are still very limited. This research topic includes contributions addressing the analysis of the adaptive immune response driving disease including target antigens, molecular epitope mapping, and factors involved in the disease pathogenesis such as complement activation cascades, genetic and genomic regulation, as well as environmental triggers. Diagnostic criteria and methods, and treatment are also discussed. The overall aim of the volume is to review progress in our pathophysiological understanding of immune-mediated CNS disorders in order to advance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients
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    Infants’ Understanding and Production of Goal-Directed Actions in the Context of Social and Object-Related Interactions (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452552
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Since the discovery of mirror neurons, the study of human infant goal-directed actions and object manipulation has burgeoned into new and exciting research directions. A number of infant studies have begun emphasizing the social context of action to understand what infants can infer when looking at others performing goal-directed actions or manipulating objects. Others have begun addressing how looking at actions in a social context, or even simply looking at objects in the immediate environment influence the way infants learn to direct their own actions on objects. Researchers have even begun investigating what aspects of goal-directed actions and object manipulation infants imitate when such actions are being modeled by a social partner, or they have been asking which cues infants use to predict others' actions. A growing understanding of how infants learn to reach, perceive information for reaching, and attend social cues for action has become central to many recent studies. These new lines of investigation and others have benefited from the use of a broad range of new investigative techniques. Eye-tracking, brains imaging techniques and new methodologies have been used to scrutinize how infants look, process, and use information to act themselves on objects and/or the social world, and to infer, predict, and recognize goal-directed actions outcomes from others. This Frontiers Research topic brings together empirical reports, literature reviews, and theory and hypothesis papers that tap into some of these exciting developmental questions about how infants perceive, understand, and perform goal-directed actions broadly defined. The papers included either stress the neural, motor, or perceptual aspects of infants’ behavior, or any combination of those dimensions as related to the development of early cognitive understanding and performance of goal-directed actions
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    Nucleation and Crystallization of Glasses and Glass-Ceramics (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452248
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The E-book "Nucleation and Crystallization of Glasses and Glass-Ceramics" highlights historic perspectives and current research in the field of glass-ceramic technology. Glass-ceramic technology is promising to provide us with materials of high strength, high toughness, unique electrical/electronic or magnetic properties, exceptional optical or unusual thermal or chemical properties. The greater diversity of microstructure-property arrangements and processing routes over glasses and ceramics are responsible that glass-ceramics are the preferred choice of materials in many technical, consumer, optical, medical/dental, electrical/electronic, and architectural fields. This includes increasing uses of glass-ceramic materials for environment and energy applications in the last decades. The positive development of glass-ceramic technology has become true in particular due to the pioneering spirit, resourcefulness, and courage of researchers of the first generation. Extraordinary and, therefore, to be distinguished is the work of the glass-ceramic inventor S. Donald Stookey to whom this Research Topic is dedicated. The authors, all experts in the field of glass-ceramics and based in industry, academia and governmental institutions, contributed to this E-book under the guidance of the Technical Committee 07 "Crystallization and Glass-Ceramics" of the International Commission on Glass (ICG)
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    Mycoplasma pneumoniae Clinical Manifestations, Microbiology, and Immunology (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453627
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is a major human pathogen that causes both upper and lower respiratory infections, and is one of the leading causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for 11–15% of CAP throughout the world. Additionally it is known to induce an inflammatory process which depends on several mechanisms such as virulence of Mp (lipoproteins, community acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin, oxidative products) and host defenses (cellular immunity and humoral immunity). Although it is a common pathogen, the pathogenesis for Mp infections is not yet fully understood. From the clinical point of view, since the pioneer studies in the 1960s and 1970s on the clinical presentation of Mp associated disease, the diagnostics approaches have changed dramatically leading to a better understanding of the clinical presentation and new issues have emerged - such as antibiotics resistance. The purpose of this Frontiers ebook is to thoroughly review and discuss the clinical presentation in view of the improved diagnostics, microbiological and immunological analysis of Mp infections, with focus on the history of Mp, clinical features of disease, bacterial structure of Mp and mechanism of gliding, clinical and laboratory diagnostics, the role of lipoproteins and Toll-like receptor, CARDS toxin, subtyping of Mp isolates and genome analysis, macrolide resistance and treatment
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    Neuroimmune Interface in Health and Diseases (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: It is now well appreciate ...
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    Nature and Environment: The Psychology of Its Benefits and Its Protection (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889198504
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Our Research Topic section entitled: "Nature and the environment: The psychology of its benefits and its protection" will have two main lines. The first line of articles will center upon cutting-edge research showing how interacting with nature, can affect health, well-being, and overall improve cognition and affect. Articles in this line will stress in what ways nature can improve psychological functioning and health and also discuss the theories and evidence as to why nature can improve psychological functioning. For this line, we welcome submission of articles that discuss the psychological, health and well-being benefits from interacting with nature as well as submissions that focus on theoretical considerations and underlying mechanisms that lead to the restorative effects of interacting with nature. Given that nature can have a positive impact on psychological functioning and overall health, it is also important to understand the variables that facilitate people’s recognition of environmental issues that can help foster a more positive attitude towards the preservation of nature. This brings us to the second line of articles which will center upon the psychological mechanisms that make individuals more or less likely to accept the seriousness of environmental challenges such as climate change. Given the new cutting-edge research in this field we may be able to make individuals more proactive in the protection of the environment and more accepting of policy measures required to mitigate climate change. We see this research topic as a way for psychological scientists to contribute substantially to an important area of public debate and policy. For this line we welcome articles that will focus on ways in which people respond to various framings of policy relevant information and how morality may play into the individuals policy views that center on climate change and environmental protection
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    Evolution of Organismal Form: From Regulatory Interactions to Developmental Processes and Biological Patterns (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Today's biodiversity is the spectacular product of hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Understanding how this diversity of living organisms appeared is one of the most intriguing and challenging question in biology. Because organismal morphology is established during embryonic development, and because morphological traits diversified from ancestral forms during evolution, it can be inferred that changes in the mechanisms controlling embryonic development are instrumental for morphological evolution. This syllogism lies at the very heart of a new discipline called Evo-Devo which is centered in the identification of the cellular and genetic mechanisms that, through modifications in developmental programmes, were at the base of morphological innovations during evolution. After the discovery of the broad conservation of gene content and regulatory networks in the animal kingdom, as well as in plants, Evo-Devo is orienting towards the study of differences through experimental and functional approaches. Given the wide range of species, gene families, and developmental processes considered, a concerted effort is still required to shed light on the genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in phenotypic evolution. It is a particularly exciting time for this field of evolutionary developmental biology, as the advent of novel imaging, genome editing and sequencing technologies allows the study of almost any organism in ways that were unthinkable only a few years ago. Therefore, the aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to gather an original collection of experimental approaches, concepts and hypotheses reflecting the current diversity of the Evo-Devo field. We have organized the articles according to the mechanistic depth with which they tackle specific evolutionary issues. Hence, comparisons of expression patterns have been grouped in Chapter 1, changes in regulatory interactions and gene networks are presented in Chapter 2, while Chapter 3 focuses on the evolution of developmental processes and biological patterns
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    Exploring Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming Through Molecular Imaging (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452347
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The inclusion of oncogene ...
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    Genetic and Genome-Wide Insights into Microbes Studied for Bioenergy (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The global mandate for safer, cleaner and renewable energy has accelerated research on microbes that convert carbon sources to end-products serving as biofuels of the so-called first, second or third generation – e.g., bioethanol or biodiesel derived from starchy, sugar-rich or oily crops; bioethanol derived from composite lignocellulosic biomass; and biodiesels extracted from oil-producing algae and cyanobacteria, respectively. Recent advances in ‘omics’ applications are beginning to cast light on the biological mechanisms underlying biofuel production. They also unravel mechanisms important for organic solvent or high-added-value chemical production, which, along with those for fuel chemicals, are significant to the broader field of Bioenergy. The Frontiers in Microbial Physiology Research Topic that led to the current e-book publication, operated from 2013 to 2014 and welcomed articles aiming to better understand the genetic basis behind Bioenergy production. It invited genetic studies of microbes already used or carrying the potential to be used for bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, and fuel gas production, as also of microbes posing as promising new catalysts for alternative bioproducts. Any research focusing on the systems biology of such microbes, gene function and regulation, genetic and/or genomic tool development, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology leading to strain optimization, was considered highly relevant to the topic. Likewise, bioinformatic analyses and modeling pertaining to gene network prediction and function were also desirable and therefore invited in the thematic forum. Upon e-book development today, we, at the editorial, strongly believe that all articles presented herein – original research papers, reviews, perspectives and a technology report – significantly contribute to the emerging insights regarding microbial-derived energy production. Katherine M. Pappas, 2016
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    Filamentous Bacteriophage in Bio/Nano/Technology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Ecology (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889450954
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Filamentous phage (genus ...
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    The Functional Organization of the Auditory System (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450619
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice
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    Executive Functions in Psychiatric Disorders (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453061
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Executive Functions comprise a range of neuropsychological processes related to intentional behavior and cognitive control. There are several theoretical models defining and explaining the concept of Executive Functions. Most of these models consider that the term Executive Functions encompasses cognitive process as working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and other complex functions as planning, problem-solving and abstract reasoning. Other models argue that motivational and emotional functions, such as affective decision-making, reside under the concept of Executive Function. Much evidence supports how complex cognitive functions are related to the physiological activity of brain networks, including the frontal cortex and its connections with subcortical structures. Several psychiatric disorders related to impairment in these brain networks (eg., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and drug addiction) leading to deficits in Executive Functions. These cognitive deficits affect patients’ everyday functioning, worsening the clinical course of the disease. For example, deficits in Executive Functions are related to suicide behavior in bipolar disorder patients. Furthermore, these deficits also relate to obesity, a lack of adherence to treatment and an underperformance in the workplace and educational settings. The understanding of the role of deficits in Executive Functions, including its neurobiological basis, developmental trajectories, and relationship with clinical outcomes, is fundamental to improve clinical management of psychiatric patients. This research topic includes 13 articles with interdisciplinary contributions related to the understanding of the deficits in Executive Functions and its relationship with clinical manifestations in psychiatric disorders
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    Dialogues in Music Therapy and Music Neuroscience: Collaborative Understanding Driving Clinical Advances (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Music is a complex, dynamic stimulus with an un-paralleled ability to stimulate a global network of neural activity involved in attention, emotion, memory, communication, motor co-ordination and cognition. As such, it provides neuroscience with a highly effective tool to develop our understanding of brain function, connectivity and plasticity. Increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging technologies have enabled the expanding field of music neuroscience to reveal how musical experience, perception and cognition may support neuroplasticity, with important implications for the rehabilitation and assessment of those with acquired brain injuries and neurodegenerative conditions. Other studies have indicated the potential for music to support arousal, attention and emotional regulation, suggesting therapeutic applications for conditions including ADHD, PTSD, autism, learning disorders and mood disorders. In common with neuroscience, the music therapy profession has advanced significantly in the past 20 years. Various interventions designed to address functional deficits and health care needs have been developed, alongside standardised behavioural assessments. Historically, music therapy has drawn its evidence base from a number of contrasting theoretical frameworks. Clinicians are now turning to neuroscience, which offers a unifying knowledge base and frame of reference to understand and measure therapeutic interventions from a biomedical perspective. Conversely, neuroscience is becoming more enriched by learning about the neural effects of ‘real world’ clinical applications in music therapy. While neuroscientific imaging methods may provide biomarking evidence for the efficacy of music therapy interventions it also offers important tools to describe time-locked interactive therapy processes and feeds into the emerging field of social neuroscience. Music therapy is bound to the process of creating and experiencing music together in improvisation, listening and reflection. Thus the situated cognition and experience of music developing over time and in differing contexts is of interest in time series data. We encouraged researchers to submit papers illustrating the mutual benefits of dialogue between music therapy and other disciplines important to this field, particularly neuroscience, neurophysiology, and neuropsychology. The current eBook consists of the peer reviewed responses to our call for papers
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    Development of Microbial Ecological Theory: Stability, Plasticity, and Evolution of Microbial Ecosystems (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451692
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: “How can we develop microbial ecological theory?” The development of microbial ecological theory has a long way to reach its goal. Advances in microbial ecological techniques provide novel insights into microbial ecosystems. Articles in this book are challenging to determine the central and general tenets of the ecological theory that describes the features of microbial ecosystems. Their achievements expand the frontiers of current microbial ecology and propose the next step. Assemblage of these diverse articles hopefully helps to go on this long journey with many avenues for advancement of microbial ecology
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    Diacylglycerol Kinase Signalling (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453351
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Diacylglycerol kinases (D ...
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    The Challenge of Protein Crops as a Sustainable Source of Food and Feed for the Future (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (325 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Grain legumes, together w ...
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    Coding Properties in Invertebrate Sensory Systems (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (227 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Animals rely on sensory input from their environment for survival and reproduction. Depending on the importance of a signal for a given species, accuracy of sensory coding might vary from pure detection up to precise coding of intensity, quality and temporal features of the signal. Highly sophisticated sense organs and related central nervous sensory pathways can be of utmost importance for animals in a complex environment and when using advanced communication systems. In sensory systems different anatomical and physiological features have evolved to optimally encode behaviourally relevant signals at the level of sense organs and central processing. The wide range of organizational complexity, in combination with their relatively simple and accessible nervous systems, makes invertebrates excellent models to study general sensory coding principles. The contributions to this e-book illustrate on one hand particular features of specific sensory systems, and on the other hand indicate not only common features of sensory coding across invertebrate phyla, but also similar processing principles of complex stimuli between different sensory modalities. The chapters show that the extraction of behaviourally relevant signals from all environmental stimuli, as well as the detection of low intensity signals and the analysis of temporal features can be similar across sensory modalities, including olfaction, vision, mechanoreception, and heat perception
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    Bridging the Theories of Affordances and Limb Apraxia (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452255
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Affordances are meaningful relations between the features of observed objects and the observer's action systems with its proper abilities. The notion of affordance integrates perceptual, cognitive and motor functions, so that perceiving an object, conducting cognitive operations on it, and executing motor actions with it cannot be considered as independent functions. Limb apraxia is a higher-order motor disorder that refers to disturbance of one or more of three domains: imitation of meaningless gestures, pantomime of meaningful gestures, and disturbance of interaction with objects. The first aim of the Research Topic was to put together theoretical and research contributions on affordance mechanisms to highlight their role in explaining apraxia deficits. The second aim was to clarify how studies on apraxia have implications for theories of affordances
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    Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developmental Trajectories, Neurobiological Basis, Treatment Update (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This Research Topic has the aim to fill the gap of the many unresolved scientific issues on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that are still in need of investigation, Targeted treatments based on the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease are still lacking. Further research is awaited and should be obtained through a significant effort on experimental treatment trials and neuroscience research. This Topic is divided in two main sections, one covering clinical issues and another on basic neurosciences of Autism Spectrum Disorders. A more detailed description of the contents of the articles is provided in the editorial at the beginning of the issue
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    Biotrophic Plant-Microbe Interactions (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (431 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Throughout their life, plants interact with all sorts of microbes. Some of these are detrimental and cause disease; some interactions are mutually beneficial for both partners. It is clear that most, if not all, of the interactions are regulated by highly complex checks and balances sustained by signalling and exchange of messengers and nutrients. The interactions where both partners are alive for a significant part of their time together are called biotrophic. In this e-book we bring together 33 articles representing the current state-of-the-art in research about diverse biotrophic plant-microbe associations aimed at describing and understanding how these complex and ubiquitous partnerships work and ultimately support much of the land-based biosphere
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    Biological Engagement Programs: Reducing Threats and Strengthening Global Health Security Through Scientific Collaboration (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Biological engagement programs are a set of projects or activities between partner countries that strengthen global health security to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. Engagement programs are an effective way to work collaboratively towards a common threat reduction goal, usually with a strong focus on strengthening health systems and making the world a safer place. Cooperative programs are built upon trust and sharing of information and resources to increase the capacity and capabilities of partner countries. Biological engagement programs reduce the threat of infectious disease with a focus on pathogens of security concern, such as those pathogens identified by the U.S. Government as Biological Select Agent and Toxins. These programs seek to develop technical or scientific relationships between countries to combat infectious diseases both in humans and animals. Through laboratory biorisk management, diagnostics, pathogen detection, biosurveillance and countermeasure development for infectious diseases, deep relationships are fostered between countries. Biological engagement programs are designed to address dual-use issues in pathogen research by promoting responsible science methodologies and cultures. Scientific collaboration is a core mechanism for engagement programs are designed to strengthen global health security, including prevention of avoidable epidemics; detection of threats as early as possible; and rapid and effective outbreak response. This Research Topic discusses Biological Engagement Programs, highlighting the successes and challenges of these cooperative programs. Articles in this topic outlined established engagement programs as well as described what has been learned from historical cooperative engagement programs not focused on infectious diseases. Articles in this topic highlighted selected research, trainings, and programs in Biological Engagement Programs from around the world. This Topic eBook first delves into Policies and Lessons Learned; then describes Initiatives in Biosafety & Biosecurity; the core of this work documents Cooperative Research Results from the field; then lastly the Topic lays out potential Future Directions to the continued success of the World’s cooperative science in reducing the threat of infectious diseases
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    A Broader View for Plant EvoDevo: Novel Approaches for Diverse Model Systems (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This collection attempts to integrate work pertaining to a fundamental question in plant evolution: What are the molecular underpinnings for the origin of different plant forms? Among the many facets this question touches are the transition to land, the emergence of vascular plants, the origin of the seed and the origin and diversification of floral form. We aim to bring to the forefront the most salient and original plant systems and approaches within an inclusive phylogenetic context that encompasses representatives of the major lineages of land plants
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    Biotechnology of Microalgae, Based on Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Eukaryotic Algae and Cyanobacteria (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Bioechnology of microalgae takes much attention because of their ability to utilize light energy and fix CO2. Research in biotechnology of microalgae including eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria is an important and attractive topic which attracts the interests of the public widely. This Research Topic aims to create a collection approaching biotechnology and biology of eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria. Basic science of molecular biology and biochemistry is indispensable for proceeding future application of microalgae, and hence, the title includes "molecular biology" and "biochemistry". Broad range of basic and applied science of microalgae is appreciated in this special topic
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    Assembly of the Photosystem II Membrane-Protein Complex of Oxygenic Photosynthesis (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889452330
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Photosystem II is a 700-kDa membrane-protein super-complex responsible for the light-driven splitting of water in oxygenic photosynthesis. The photosystem is comprised of two 350-kDa complexes each made of 20 different polypeptides and over 80 co-factors. While there have been major advances in understanding the mature structure of this photosystem many key protein factors involved in the assembly of the complex do not appear in the holoenzyme. The mechanism for assembling this super-complex is a very active area of research with newly discovered assembly factors and subcomplexes requiring characterization. Additionally the ability to split water is inseparable from light-induced photodamage that arises from radicals and reactive O2 species generated by Photosystem II chemistry. Consequently, to sustain water splitting, a “self repair” cycle has evolved whereby damaged protein is removed and replaced so as to extend the working life of the complex. Understanding how the biogenesis and repair processes are coordinated is among several important questions that remain to be answered. Other questions include: how and when are the inorganic cofactors inserted during the assembly and repair processes and how are the subcomplexes protected from photodamage during assembly? Evidence has also been obtained for Photosystem II biogenesis centers in cyanobacteria but do these also exist in plants? Do the molecular mechanisms associated with Photosystem II assembly shed fresh light on the assembly of other major energy-transducing complexes such as Photosystem I or the cytochrome b6/f complex or indeed other respiratory complexes? The contributions to this Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic are likely to reveal new details applicable to the assembly of a range of membrane-protein complexes, including aspects of self-assembly and solar energy conversion that may be applied to artificial photosynthetic systems. In addition, a deeper understanding of Photosystem II assembly — particularly in response to changing environmental conditions — will provide new knowledge underpinning photosynthetic yields which may contribute to improved food production and long-term food security
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    Bioactive Compounds from Microbes (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451852
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Microorganisms have had a ...
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    Aquaporins: Dynamic Role and Regulation (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452897
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Aquaporins (AQPs), a clas ...
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    Aging and Mental Health (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: People are progressively ageing all over the world, and it is estimated that the number of persons aged 60 or over will more than triple by 2100. This emerging population will experience an inevitable rise in dementia, mental health problems and chronic diseases. According to GBD (2010), neuropsychiatric disorders among older adults account for 6.6% of the total disability (DALYs) for this age group, with 15% suffering from a mental disorder. Multiple social, psychological and biological factors are determinant of mental health, as well as life stressors. Among these, the lack of independence, limited mobility, chronic diseases, pain, frailty or other mental and physical problems require long-term care. Beyond this, the elderly are more prone to experience events such as bereavement, a drop in socio-economic status, disability, which leads to isolation, loss of independence, loneliness and psychological distress. Mental health problems and needs assessment by health-care professionals and older people themselves are under-recognised, and the stigma surrounding mental illness makes people reluctant to seek help. The early investigation and diagnosis of these situations are crucial, as well as prior management with an important combination of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, in conjunction with caregivers' and families' support. The present book aims to contribute to the development of knowledge in Aging and Mental Health, taking different approaches from authors, coming from diverse scientific fields, with the final goal being the improvement of quality of life and healthy aging for this growing population
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    Advances and Trends in Development of Plant Factories (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The plant factory is a facility that aids the steady production of high-quality vegetables all year round by artificially controlling the cultivation environment (e.g., light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and culture solution), allowing growers to plan production. By controlling theinternal environment,plant factories can produce vegetables about two to four times faster than by typical outdoor cultivation. In addition, as multiple cultivation shelves (a multi-shelf system) are used, the mass production of vegetables in a small space is facilitated. This research topic presents some new trends on intelligent measuring systems; environment controlled and optimization; favonoids; phenylpropanoids, transcriptomes, and bacteria
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    Advancements in Algal Biofuels Research - Recent Evaluation of Algal Biomass Production and Conversion Methods of into Fuels and High Value Co-products (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451982
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Algae biomass has enormous potential to produce fuels and value-added products. Algae-derived biofuels and bioproducts offer great promise in contributing to U.S. energy security and in mitigating the environmental concerns associated with conventional fuels. Algae’s ability to grow in low quality water/wastewater and to accumulate lipids has encouraged scientists to investigate algae as a medium for wastewater treatment and a potential source of fuel and bioproducts. There are growing demands for biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biomethane, biohydrogen, and other high-value products (nutraceuticals, proteins, omega-3 etc.). Algae can help address these needs. The topic of algae energy includes the production and characterization of algae cultures, conversion into fuel feedstocks and high value products, and optimization of product isolation and use. In view of the increasing efforts in algae biomass production and conversion into energy and high-value products, the current research topic covers important aspects of algal strain selection, culture systems, inorganic carbon utilization, lipid metabolism and quality, biomass harvesting, extraction of lipids and proteins, and thermochemical conversion of algal feedstocks into biocrude
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    When (and How) Is Theory of Mind Useful? Evidence from Life-Span Research (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451012
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Theory of Mind (ToM) or mentalization is the ability to understand and foresee the behavior referring to one’s own and others’ mental states (Premack & Woodruff, 1978; Wimmer & Perner, 1983). This capacity, which is considered the most representative mechanism of social cognition, is a multifaceted set of competences liable to influence – and be influenced by – a manifold of psychosocial aspects. Studies on typical and atypical/clinical development during life showed that ToM is frequently delayed (e.g. in deafness) or impaired in many clinical conditions (e.g. Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Schizophrenia, Borderline Personality Disorder, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease) and, on the other hand, may not be unequivocally a positive experience. It is therefore possible to consider the existence of multiple kinds of Theory of Mind. In fact, ToM may vary along a quantitative and a qualitative continuum. As for the quantitative dimension, the continuum is constituted by the fluctuation between high and low levels of ToM ability in different clinical conditions. Along this continuum, impairment can mean “not enough” ToM (for example in Autism Spectrum Disorder) as well as “too much” ToM (for example in Schizophrenia and Borderline Personality Disorder). The qualitative dimension – highly interrelated with the quantitative one - regards the shift between adaptive (e.g. prosocial, nice ToM) vs. unadaptive (e.g. antisocial, nasty ToM) mental states content. The issue is discussed in light of recent evidence from outstanding researchers working on typical and atypical/clinical populations along the life-span. Findings from the fields of psychology, neuropsychology and neuroscience enrich the research topic argumentation
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    Using Paleolimnology for Lake Restoration and Management (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450916
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This e-book presents state-of-the-art research projects and opinions on using paleolimnology for lake restoration and managment. It illustrates the general idea that proposing adequate restoration and managment solutions must be based on the past. Knowing the natural and anthropic variations a water body went through defines the best ways for maintaining or restoring an ecosystem. By quantifying baseline conditions, paleolimnology provides a definite plan for restoration and management. This cannot be achieved without studying the past
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    Understanding the Successful Coordination of Team Behavior (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In many areas of human life, people perform in teams. These teams’ performances depend, at least partly, on team members’ abilities to coordinate their contributions effectively. This includes the making of decisions and the regulation of behavior in reference to the framework provided by the social group- and task-context. Given the high relevance of a deepened and integrated understanding about the mechanisms underlying coordinated team behavior, the aim of this research topic is to provide a platform for different theoretical and methodological approaches to researching and understanding coordinated team behavior in different task contexts. The articles published in this edition offer a multifaceted insight into current work on the topic
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    Update on Oesophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453047
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Oesophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (OA-TOF) is a congenital digestive malformation. With improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, survival rates now exceed 90% and OA-TOF is no more just a neonatal surgical problem, and the focus has now shifted from mortality to morbidity with focus on long-term survival and quality of life issues. The primary complications experienced by these patients include gastroesophageal reflux, peptic and eosinophilic esophagitis, anastomotic stricture, esophageal dysmotility, abnormal gastric function, feeding difficulties and respiratory disorders including tracheomalacia and “cyanotic spells”. Concerns in adults include oesophageal adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma which have been recently reported. This highlights the need for careful multidisciplinary follow up not only in childhood but also after transition to adulthood. Data regarding long-term outcomes and follow-ups are limited for patients following OA-TOF repair. The determination of the risk factors for the complicated evolution following OA-TOF repair may positively impact long-term prognoses. This e-book contains review articles and position paper on all aspects of management of this condition. The material presented in the following articles is primarily based on the presentations by world experts during the recent Fourth International Conference on Oesophageal Atresia held in Sydney in 2016
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    Traumatic Brain Injury as a Systems Neuroscience Problem (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is traditionally viewed as an anatomic and neuropathological condition. Caring for TBI patients is a matter of defining the extent of an anatomical lesion, managing this lesion, and minimizing secondary brain injury. On the research side, the effects of TBI often are studied in the context of neuronal and axonal degeneration and the subsequent deposition of abnormal proteins such as tau. These approaches form the basis of our current understanding of TBI, but they pay less attention to the function of the affected organ, the brain. Much can be learned about TBI by studying this disorder on a systems neuroscience level and correlating changes in neural circuitry with neurological and cognitive function. There are several aspects of TBI that are a natural fit for this perspective, including post-traumatic epilepsy, consciousness, and cognitive sequelae. How individual neurons contribute to network activity and how network function responds to injury are key concepts in examining these areas. In recent years, the available tools for studying the role of neuronal assemblies in TBI have become increasingly sophisticated, ranging from optogenetic and electrophysiological techniques to advanced imaging modalities such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography. Further progress in understanding the disruption and subsequent reshaping of networks is likely to have substantial benefits in the treatment of patients with TBI-associated deficits. In this Frontiers Topic, we intend to highlight the systems neuroscience approach to studying TBI. In addition to analyzing the clinical sequelae of TBI in this context, this series of articles explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying network dysfunction, including alterations in synaptic activity, changes in neural oscillation patterns, and disruptions in functional connectivity. We also include articles on treatment options for TBI patients that modulate network function. It is our hope that this Frontiers Topic will increase the clinical and scientific communities’ awareness of this viable framework for deepening our knowledge of TBI and improving patient outcomes
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    Trends in Neuroergonomics: A Comprehensive Overview (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (402 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This Research Topic is de ...
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    Trauma; Psychosis and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (217 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: There is abundant evidenc ...
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    Systems Biology and the Challenge of Deciphering the Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Cancer (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453337
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in the 1920s cancer has been tightly associated with the genetic and metabolic state of the cell. One of the hallmarks of cancer is the alteration of the cellular metabolism in order to promote proliferation and undermine cellular defense mechanisms such as apoptosis or detection by the immune system. However, the strategies by which this is achieved in different cancers and sometimes even in different patients of the same cancer is very heterogeneous, which hinders the design of general treatment options.Recently, there has been an ongoing effort to study this phenomenon on a genomic scale in order to understand the causality underlying the disease. Hence, current “omics” technologies have contributed to identify and monitor different biological pieces at different biological levels, such as genes, proteins or metabolites. These technological capacities have provided us with vast amounts of clinical data where a single patient may often give rise to various tissue samples, each of them being characterized in detail by genomescale data on the sequence, expression, proteome and metabolome level. Data with such detail poses the imminent problem of extracting meaningful interpretations and translating them into specific treatment options. To this purpose, Systems Biology provides a set of promising computational tools in order to decipher the mechanisms driving a healthy cell’s metabolism into a cancerous one. However, this enterprise requires bridging the gap between large data resources, mathematical analysis and modeling specifically designed to work with the available data. This is by no means trivial and requires high levels of communication and adaptation between the experimental and theoretical side of research
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    Eastern Philosophies and Psychology: Towards Psychology of Self-Cultivation (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The publication of this book, East Asian Philosophies and Psychology: Towards Psychology of Self-cultivation, signifies an important breakthrough for the indigenization movements of psychology which have happened in many non-Western countries since 1980s. Viewing from the perspective of scientific revolution (Kuhn, 1969), when Western paradigms of psychology are transplanted to non-Western countries and encounter anomalies which cannot be explained by the imported theories, the foreign theories are in a state of crisis waiting for scientific revolution
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    Emerging Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Antibiotic Resistance and Novel Treatment Options (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451890
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Enterobacteriaceae are spread worldwide and the diseases they cause may be fatal especially in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, the high prevalence of ESBL producing Salmonella and Shigella species diseases worldwide suggests major underlying safety issues. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2015, approximately 220 million children contract diarrhoeal diseases every year and 96 000 die. As a result, the increase in single or multi drug-resistant foodborne bacterial pathogens is of major public health concern. Moreover, resistance to antimicrobials was found among Salmonella spp and Campylobacter spp from animals and food, and since fluoroquinolones became licensed for use in animal foods, especially for poultry, the rate of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella spp and Campylobacter spp in animals and human food, and then in human infections, rapidly increased. To that purpose, the findings of the conducted studies in the book chapters, 1) highlight surveillance studies reporting the occurrence and distribution of resistance to antimicrobial agents, namely, to third generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones, 2) describe the mechanisms of transmission of resistance determinants from animals, food products and clinical specimens, that allow implementation of appropriate measures to control their spread and adopt appropriate therapeutic measures, and 3) provide treatment options, useful to medical practice
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    Emerging Approaches for Typing, Detection, Characterization, and Traceback of Escherichia coli (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451357
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Pathogenic Escherichia co ...
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    Sleep Spindles: Breaking the Methodological Wall (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451166
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose
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    Signal Transduction in Stomatal Guard Cells (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Stomata, the tiny pores on leaf surface, are the gateways for CO2 uptake during photosynthesis as well as water loss in transpiration. Further, plants use stomatal closure as a defensive response, often triggered by elicitors, to prevent the entry of pathogens. The guard cells are popular model systems to study the signalling mechanism in plant cells. The messengers that mediate closure upon perception of elicitors or microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are quite similar to those during ABA effects. These components include reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cytosolic pH and intracellular Ca2+. The main components are ROS, NO and cytosolic free Ca2+. The list extends to others, such as G-proteins, protein phosphatases, protein kinases, phospholipids and ion channels. The sequence of these signalling components and their interaction during stomatal signalling are complex and quite interesting. The present e-Book provides a set of authoritative articles from ‘Special Research Topic’ on selected areas of stomatal guard cells. In the first set of two articles, an overview of ABA and MAMPs as signals is presented. The next set of 4 articles, emphasize the role of ROS, NO, Ca2+ as well as pH, as secondary messengers. The next group of 3 articles highlight the recent advances on post-translational modification of guard cell proteins, with emphasis on 14-3-3 proteins and MAPK cascades. The last article described the method to isolate epidermis of grass species and monitor stomatal responses to different signals. Our e-Book is a valuable and excellent source of information for all those interested in guard cell function as well as signal transduction in plant cells
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    Spores and Spore Formers (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452385
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Bacterial spore formers have been the focus of intense study for almost half a century centered primarily on Bacillus subtilis. This research has given us a detailed picture of the genetic, physiological and biochemical mechanisms that allow bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions by forming highly robust spores. Although, many basic aspects of this process are now understood in great detail, bacterial sporulation still continues to be a highly attractive model for studying various cell processes at a molecular level. There are several reasons for such scientific interest. First, some of the complex steps in sporulation are not fully understood and/or only are only described by 'controversial' models. Second, intensive research on unicellular development of a single microorganism, B. subtilis, left us largely unaware of the multitude of diverse sporulation mechanisms in many other Gram-positive endospore and exospore formers. This diversity would likely increase if we were to include sporulation processes in the Gram-negative spore formers. In addition, spore formers have great potential in applied research. Spore forming bacteria are becoming increasingly important in the areas of probiotics, vaccine technology and biotechnology. This Research Topic in Frontiers in Microbiology details the most recent advances in basic science of spore research and cover also emerging areas of scientific importance involving the use of spores
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    Sound, Music and Movement in Parkinson's Disease (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889450794
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Recent years have brought new insights to the understanding of Parkinson’s disease, impact of exercise and sound displays in rehabilitation and movement facilitation. There is growing evidence that auditory signals in the environment can provide a temporal template for movement and change the mode of motor control from intrinsic to extrinsic; habitual to goal-directed, enabling enhanced motor performance in patients. In addition, forced exercise rate studies show that exercising at the pace of healthy adults can have potential neuroprotective benefits for patients. Many research groups have explored the use of auditory cues (such as rhythmical auditory training) in improving gait and upper limb movement parameters. Cues are usually either intermittent (metronome) or continuous (dynamic sound displays). Similarly, dance based interventions suggest that patients benefit from additional sensory information (i.e. the temporal structure embedded in music and proprioceptive information from a dancing partner) that facilities movement. On the contrary, studies dedicated to auditory perception and motor timing report an impaired ability of patients to perceive and synchronise with complex rhythmical structures (i.e. causing an inability to play musical instruments). With the growth of modern technology and the increasing portability of hi-specification devices (such as smart phones), new research questions on the design of interventions are beginning to emerge as we strive for more efficient therapeutic approaches. In this Research Topic we wanted to bring together top scientists from the movement disorder, motor control and sound related studies along with therapists. That way, we can engage in cross-disciplinary and challenging scientific debate about future rehabilitation avenues and frontiers for Parkinson’s disease patients
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    Signalling Pathways in Embryonic Development (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (177 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The formation of a complex multicellular organism from a single cell is one of the most amazing processes of biology. Embryonic development is characterised by the careful regulation of cellular behaviours such that cells proliferate, migrate, differentiate and form tissues at the correct place and time. These processes are genetically controlled and depend both on the history of cells, their lineage, and on the activities of signalling pathways, which coordinate the cell interactions leading to organogenesis. The aim of the Frontiers research topic “Signalling pathways in embryonic development” has been to provide a forum for experts in cell and developmental biology to share recent advances in the field of signalling during embryonic development. Sixteen articles in a variety of formats are united in this Topic, offering a valuable collection for researchers looking for an update in the knowledge of signalling pathways operating during embryogenesis. The works, focused mainly on vertebrates, explore different aspects of this theme from cell communication to organ formation and have implications for areas as distant as evolution or pathology. Understanding developmental signalling pathways is important for several reasons. It gives us information about basic mechanisms of cell function and interactions needed for morphogenesis and organogenesis. It uncovers the basis of congenital malformations, since errors at any step of cell signalling during development are a major cause of defects. This fundamental insight gives us clues to understand the mechanisms operating in evolution that explain diversity in form and function. And finally, it allows the identification of possible causes of disease in the adult organism (such as cancer or degenerative diseases) pinpointing possible targets for therapeutic approaches
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    Social Interaction in Animals: Linking Experimental Approach and Social Network Analysis (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451227
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (123 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Understanding the link between individual behaviour and population organization and functioning has long been central to ecology and evolutionary biology. Behaviour is a response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors including individual state, ecological factors or social interactions. Within a group, each individual can be seen as part of a network of social interactions varying in strength, type and dynamic. The structure of this network can deeply impact the ecology and evolution of individuals, populations and species. Within a group social interactions can take many forms and may significantly affect an individual’s fitness. These interactions may result in complex systems at the group-level, such as in the case of collective decisions (to migrate, to build nest or to forage). Among them, social transmission of information has been studied mostly in vertebrates: fish, birds and mammals including humans. In insects, social learning has been unambiguously demonstrated in social Hymenoptera but this probably reflects limited research effort and recent evidence show that even non-eusocial insects such as Drosophila, cockroaches and crickets can copy the behaviour of others. Compared to individual learning, which requires a trial and error period every generation, social learning can potentially result in the stable transmission of behaviours across generations, leading to cultural traditions in some species. The study of the processes which may facilitate or prevent this transmission and the analyses of the relationship between social network structure and efficiency of social transmission became these recent years an emerging and promising field of research. The goal of this research topic is to present the genetic and socio-environmental factors affecting social interaction and information or pathogen transmission with the integration of experimental approaches, social network analyses and modelling. Importantly, we aim to understand whether a relationship between social network structures and dynamics can reflect the efficiency of social transmission, i.e. can we use social network analysis to predict the social transmission of information or of pathogen, collective decision-making and ultimately the evolutionary trajectory of a group?
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    The Reasoning Brain: The Interplay between Cognitive Neuroscience and Theories of Reasoning (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Despite the centrality of ...
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    Redox Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Aging and Exercise (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889451968
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the human body and comprises about 40% of total body mass in humans. Even in people who ‘age well’, there is a noticeable loss of muscle strength and function that accelerates dramatically after the age of 60, a major factor in the reduction in life quality for the aging population. One of the most effective interventions to maintain muscle mass and function is through exercise. Skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen (ROS/RNS) species in response to muscle contractions. The concentration and species of ROS/RNS generated can depend on the age and fitness of the individual, muscle fibre type and the intensity of the muscle contractions. ROS/RNS generate unique signaling cascades that are not only essential in skeletal muscle contraction and adaptation but also play a role in a wide array of cell processes including cell proliferation, protein synthesis/degradation, immune response and antioxidant defense. ROS/RNS generated by contractions are involved in a co-ordinated local response that is tightly controlled at all levels from generation to detoxification. This collection of original articles and reviews highlights investigations that measure different aspects of the redox response of skeletal muscle to aging and exercise
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    Re-Enacting Sensorimotor Experience for Cognition (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451487
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (163 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Mastering the sensorimoto ...
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    Recent Advances in Symbiosis Research: Integrative Approaches (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450152
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Traditionally, symbiosis research has been undertaken by researchers working independently of one another and often focused on a few cases of bipartite host-symbiont interactions. New model systems are emerging that will enable us to fill fundamental gaps in symbiosis research and theory, focusing on a broad range of symbiotic interactions and including a variety of multicellular hosts and their complex microbial communities. In this Research Topic, we invited researchers to contribute their work on diverse symbiotic networks, since there are a large variety of symbioses with major roles in the proper functioning of terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems, and we wished the Topic to provide a venue for communicating findings across diverse taxonomic groups. A synthesis of recent investigations in symbiosis can impact areas such as agriculture, where a basic understanding of plant-microbe symbiosis will provide foundational information on the increasingly important issue of nitrogen fixation; climate change, where anthropogenic factors are threatening the survival of marine symbiotic ecosystems such as coral reefs; animal and human health, where unbalances in host microbiomes are being increasingly associated with a wide range of diseases; and biotechnology, where process optimization can be achieved through optimization of symbiotic partnerships. Overall, our vision was to produce a volume of works that will help define general principles of symbiosis within a new conceptual framework, in the road to finally establish symbiology as an overdue central discipline of biological science
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    Recent Advances in the Study of the Host-Fungus Interaction (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Fungal infections represent nowadays a significant burden on the healthcare system of most of the countries, and are among the infections with the highest mortality rates. This has fostered the study of the interaction of these organisms with the human host. The outer most layer of a fungal cell is the cell wall, and together with the secreted components into the extracellular compartment, are the first lines of contact with the host cells. This interaction is critical for tissue adhesion, colonization and damage. In addition, these fungal extracellular components will define the outcome of the interaction with the host immune cells, leading either to the establishment of a protective antifungal immune response or to an immune-evasive mechanism by the fungal cell. On the other hand, our immune system has effectively evolved to deal with fungal pathogens, developing strategies for cell eradication, burden control, or antigen presentation from the innate branch to the adaptive immune response. Here, we provide a series of comprehensive review papers dealing with both aspect of the interaction fungus-immune cells: the role of virulence factors and cell wall components during such interaction, and the recent advances in the study of cellular receptors in the establishment of a protective anti-fungal immune response
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    Quantitative Biology: Dynamics of Living Systems (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889452132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: With the emergence of Sys ...
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    The Role of Microbial Communities in Tropical Ecosystems (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Tropical ecosystems are different in important ways from those of temperate regions. They are a major reservoir of plant and animal biodiversity and play important roles in global climate regulation and biogeochemical cycling. They are also under great threat due to the conversion of tropical ecosystems to other uses. Thus, in the context of global change, it is crucial to understand how environmental factors, biogeographic patterns, and land use changes interact to influence the structure and function of microbial communities in these ecosystems. The contributions to this Research Topic showcase the current knowledge regarding microbial ecology in tropical ecosystems, identify many challenges and questions that remain to be addressed and open up new horizons in our understanding of the environmental and anthropological factors controlling microbial communities in these important ecosystems.Tropical ecosystems are different in important ways from those of temperate regions. They are a major reservoir of plant and animal biodiversity and play important roles in global climate regulation and biogeochemical cycling. They are also under great threat due to the conversion of tropical ecosystems to other uses. Thus, in the context of global change, it is crucial to understand how environmental factors, biogeographic patterns, and land use changes interact to influence the structure and function of microbial communities in these ecosystems. The contributions to this Research Topic showcase the current knowledge regarding microbial ecology in tropical ecosystems, identify many challenges and questions that remain to be addressed and open up new horizons in our understanding of the environmental and anthropological factors controlling microbial communities in these important ecosystems
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    Role of Health Economic Data in Policy Making and Reimbursement of New Medical Technologies (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
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    ISBN: 9782889453207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This Research Topic was focused on provision of novel medical technologies worldwide keeping in mind financial sustainability challenge. An exemplary area certainly are oncology pharmaceuticals where prices have increased 10-fold in recent years leading to concerns on affordability. The objective of this collection of studies was to reveal some of the hidden underlying causes of unequal access to the medicines. Another core issue is the growing proportion of out-of-pocket health spending in many world regions. In line with the joint efforts of the editors and authors we received an exceptionally high response worldwide. This E-Book attracted a total of 37 self-standing research submissions out of which 32 ultimately passed external peer review and got published. Base affiliations of the authors spread across academia, pharmaceutical and medical device industry, governmental authorities and clinical medicine. Their home institutions were situated in fifteen different countries inclusive of Japan, Israel, Russia, USA, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Austria, Spain, Malta, Serbia, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary and Malaysia. We frankly believe that authors succeeded to cover important literature gaps referring to these world regions. We solicit global professional audience to put our efforts to the test and read this contribution to the health economics literature
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    Microbial and Environmental Factors in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889451555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (193 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In recent years there has ...
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    Mitochondria in Skeletal Muscle Health, Aging and Diseases (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889450732
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Skeletal muscle is the mo ...
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    Melatonin in Plants (2017)
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    ISBN: 9782889453115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (297 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This topic focuses on distribution, synthesis, metabolism, and the in vivo roles of melatonin in plants, with 1 editorial, 3 reviews, 21 original research studies and 1 corrigendum
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    Molecular, Cellular and Model Organism Approaches for Understanding the Basis of Neurological Disease (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 94
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    Microbial Food Safety Along The Dairy Chain (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889453122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The dairy chain is an integral part of global food supply, with dairy food products a staple component of recommended healthy diets. The dairy food chain from production through to the consumer is complex, with various opportunities for microbial contamination of ingredients or food product, and as such interventions are key to preventing or controlling such contamination. Dairy foods often include a microbial control step in their production such as pasteurization, but in some cases may not, as with raw milk cheeses. Microbial contamination may lead to a deterioration in food quality due to spoilage organisms, or may become a health risk to consumers should the contaminant be a pathogenic microorganism. As such food safety and food production are intrinsically linked. This Research Topic eBook includes submissions on issues relating to the microbiological integrity of the dairy food chain, such as the ecology of pathogenic and spoilage organisms through the dairy farm to fork paradigm, their significance to dairy foods and health, and genomic analysis of these microorganisms
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 95
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    Linguistic Influences on Mathematical Cognition (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452002
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (173 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: For many years, an abstract, amodal semantic magnitude representation, largely independent of verbal linguistic representations, has been viewed as the core numerical or mathematical representation This assumption has been substantially challenged in recent years. Linguistic properties affect not only verbal representations of numbers, but also numerical magnitude representation, spatial magnitude representations, calculation, parity representation, place-value representation and even early number acquisition. Thus, we postulate that numerical and arithmetic processing are not fully independent of linguistic processing. This is not to say, that in patients, magnitude processing cannot function independently of linguistic processing we just suppose, these functions are connected in the functioning brain. So far, much research about linguistic influences on numerical cognition has simply demonstrated that language influences number without investigating the level at which a particular language influence operates. After an overview, we present new findings on language influences on seven language levels: - Conceptual: Conceptual properties of language - Syntactic: The grammatical structure of languages beyond the word level influences - Semantic: The semantic meaning or existence of words - Lexical: The lexical composition of words, in particular number words - Visuo-spatial-orthographic: Orthographic properties, such as the writing/reading direction of a language - Phonological: Phonological/phonetic properties of languages - Other language-related skills: Verbal working memory and other cognitive skills related to language representations We hope that this book provides a new and structured overview on the exciting influences of linguistic processing on numerical cognition at almost all levels of language processing
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 96
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    Language Development in the Digital Age (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889453139
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The digital age is changi ...
    Note: English
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  • 97
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    Language beyond Words: The Neuroscience of Accent (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889451074
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Language learning also implies the acquisition of a set of phonetic rules and prosodic contours which define the accent in that language. While often considered as merely accessory, accent is an essential component of psychological identity as it embodies information on origin, culture, and social class. Speaking with a non-standard (foreign) accent is not inconsequential because it may negatively impact communication and social adjustment. Nevertheless, the lack of a formal definition of accent may explain that, as compared with other aspects of language, it has received relatively little attention until recently. During the past decade there has been increasing interest in the analysis of accent from a neuroscientific perspective. This e-book integrates data from different scientific frameworks. The reader will find fruitful research on new models of accent processing, how learning a new accent proceeds, and the role of feedback on accent learning in healthy subjects. In addition, information on accent changes in pathological conditions including developmental and psychogenic foreign accent syndromes as well as the description of a new variant of foreign accent syndrome is also included. It is anticipated that the articles in this e-book will enhance the understanding of accent as a linguistic phenomenon, the neural networks supporting it and potential interventions to accelerate acquisition or relearning of native accents
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 98
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    Plant immunity against viruses (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (163 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plant viruses impose a serious threat on agriculture, which motivates extensive breeding efforts for viral resistant crops and inspires lasting interests on basic research to understand the mechanisms underlying plant immunity against viruses. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Their genomes are usually small and only encode a few products that are essential to hijack host machinery for their nucleotide and protein biosynthesis, and that are necessary to suppress host immunity. Plants evolved multilayers of defense mechanisms to defeat viral infection. In this research topic, we gathered 13 papers covering recent advances in different aspects of plant immunity against viruses, including reviews on RNA silencing and R gene based immunity and their application, translational initiation factor mediated recessive resistance, genome editing based viral immunity, role of chloroplast in plant-virus interaction, and research articles providing new mechanistic insights on plant-virus interactions. We hope that this Research Topic helps readers to have a better understanding of the progresses that have been made recently in plant immunity against viruses. A deeper understanding of plant antiviral immunity will facilitate the development of innovative approaches for crop protections and improvements
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 99
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    Personality and Cognition in Economic Decision Making (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889452361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Psychologists studying cognitive processes and personality have increasingly benefited from the wealth of theory, methodology, and decision making paradigms used in economics and game theory. Similarly, for the economists, personality traits and basic cognitive processes offer a set of coherent explanatory constructs in economic behavior. Given the debate on preference invariance and behavioral consistency across contexts and domains, the papers in this topic shed light on the existence and effect of stable sets of idiosyncratic features on economic decision-making. While the effects of personality and cognition on economic decisions remain under-explored, the papers contributed in this topic offer more than a stimulus for further research. The general message could be that personality and cognitive processes offer the stable idiosyncratic ground on which individual decisions are made
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Plant Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: Lessons from Cell Signaling (2017)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    ISBN: 9782889453566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Facing stressful conditions imposed by their environment and affecting their growth and their development throughout their life cycle, plants must be able to perceive, to process and to translate different stimuli into adaptive responses. Understanding the organism-coordinated responses involves a fine description of the mechanisms occurring at the cellular and molecular level. A major challenge is also to understand how the large diversity of molecules identified as signals, sensors or effectors could drive a cell to the appropriate plant response and to finally cope with various environmental cues. In this Research Topic we aim to provide an overview of various signaling mechanisms or to present new molecular signals involved in stress response and to demonstrate how basic/fundamental research on cell signaling will help to understand stress responses at the whole plant level
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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