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  • 2015-2019  (1,150)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 2019  (672)
  • 2018  (336)
  • 2017  (142)
  • 2016  (68)
  • 2015  (48)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamics Days Latin America and the Caribbean 2018 (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039215041 , 9783039215034
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Abstract: This book contains various works presented at the Dynamics Days Latin America and the Caribbean (DDays LAC) 2018. Since its beginnings, a key goal of the DDays LAC has been to promote cross-fertilization of ideas from different areas within nonlinear dynamics. On this occasion, the contributions range from experimental to theoretical research, including (but not limited to) chaos, control theory, synchronization, statistical physics, stochastic processes, complex systems and networks, nonlinear time-series analysis, computational methods, fluid dynamics, nonlinear waves, pattern formation, population dynamics, ecological modeling, neural dynamics, and systems biology. The interested reader will find this book to be a useful reference in identifying ground-breaking problems in Physics, Mathematics, Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Sciences, with innovative models and methods that provide insightful solutions. This book is a must-read for anyone looking for new developments of Applied Mathematics and Physics in connection with complex systems, synchronization, neural dynamics, fluid dynamics, ecological networks, and epidemics
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Venom and Toxin as Targeted Therapy (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039211890 , 9783039211906
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Abstract: Targeted therapy has developed significantly in the last one and half decades, prescribing specific medications for treatment of particular diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. One of the most exciting recent developments in targeted therapies was the isolation of disease-specific molecules from natural resources, such as animal venoms and plant metabolites/toxins, for use as templates for new drug motif designs. In addition, the study of venom proteins/peptides and toxins naturally targeted mammalian receptors and demonstrated high specificity and selectivity towards defined ion channels of cell membranes. Research has also focsed intensely on receptors. The focus of this Special Issue of Toxins addressed the most recent advances using animal venoms, such as frog secretions, bee/ant venoms and plant/fungi toxins, as medicinal therapy. Recent advances in venom/toxin/immunotoxins for targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy, along with using novel disease-specific venom-based protein/peptide/toxin and currently available FDA-approved drugs for combinationtreatments will be discussed. Finally, we included an overview of select promising toad/snake venom-based peptides/toxins potentially able to address the forthcoming challenges in this field. Both research and review articles proposing novelties or overviews, respectively, were published in this Special Issue after rigorous evaluation and revision by expert peer reviewers
    Note: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultrasound Elastography (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038979111 , 9783038979104
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Abstract: The comparison between methods, evaluation of portal hypertension and many other questions are still open issues in liver elastography. New elastographic applications are under evaluation and close to being used in clinical practice. Strain imaging has been incorporated into many disciplines and EFSUMB guidelines are under preparation. More research is necessary for improved evidence for clinical applications in daily practice. The Special Issue published papers on recent advances in development and application of Ultrasound Elastography
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transport of Fluids in Nanoporous Materials (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038975298 , 9783038975304
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Abstract: Fluid transport in narrow pores is central to the design and optimization of nanoporous materials in industrial applications, such as catalysis, nanofluids, electrochemical batteries, and membrane separation. However, due to the strong potential field in nanopores, conventional models and methods have become inadequate for predicting the transport behavior of molecules confined in the pore space. In addition, the inherent complexity of the pore structure in nanomaterials requires consideration of local or nanoscale transport at the single pore level, and averaging over the macroscale, which further impedes the application and validation of the formulated mechanical models. To solve the problem of fluid transport in narrow nanopores beyond Knudsen limits, experimental characterizations should be combined to molecular simulations in order to probe the fluid movement under realistic conditions. This book provides comprehensive perspectives on the current research in the investigation of fluid transport processes in nanomaterials. The articles from leading scholars in this field are conveniently arranged according to three categories based on the approaches used in the papers: modeling and simulation, nanomaterial manipulation and characterization, and practical application. The 14 contributions not only demonstrate the importance of fluid behavior in different applications but also address the main theories and simulations to model the fluid transport behavior in nanoporous materials. This collection shows that “fluid transport in nanomaterials” remains a versatile and vibrant topic in terms of both theories and applications
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards Mechanism-based Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039215065 , 9783039215058
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Abstract: It has been more than 25 years since the identification of the FMR1 gene and the demonstration of the causative role of CGG-repeat expansion in the disease pathology of fragile X syndrome (FXS), but the underlying mechanisms involved in the expansion mutation and the resulting gene silencing still remain elusive. Our understanding of the pathways impacted by the loss of FMRP function has grown tremendously, and has opened new avenues for targeted treatments for FXS. However, the failure of recent clinical trials that were based on successful preclinical studies using the Fmr1 knockout mouse model has forced the scientific community to revisit clinical trial design and identify objective outcome measures. There has also been a renewed interest in restoring FMR1 gene expression as a possible treatment approach for FXS. This special issue of Brain Sciences highlights the progress that has been made towards understanding the disease mechanisms and how this has informed the development of treatment strategies that are being explored for FXS
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptional Regulation: Molecules, Involved Mechanisms and Misregulation (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039212651 , 9783039212668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Abstract: Transcriptional regulation is a critical biological process involved in the response of a cell, a tissue or an organism to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals. Besides, it controls the establishment and maintenance of cell identity throughout developmental and differentiation programs. This highly complex and dynamic process is orchestrated by a huge number of molecules and protein networks and occurs through multiple temporal and functional steps. Of note, many human disorders are characterized by misregulation of global transcription since most of the signaling pathways ultimately target components of transcription machinery. This book includes a selection of papers that illustrate recent advances in our understanding of transcriptional regulation and focuses on many important topics, from cis-regulatory elements to transcription factors, chromatin regulators and non-coding RNAs, other than several transcriptome studies and computational analyses
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Topological Groups. Advances, Surveys, and Open Questions (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038976448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Abstract: Following the tremendous reception of our first volume on topological groups called ""Topological Groups: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow"", we now present our second volume. Like the first volume, this collection contains articles by some of the best scholars in the world on topological groups. A feature of the first volume was surveys, and we continue that tradition in this volume with three new surveys. These surveys are of interest not only to the expert but also to those who are less experienced. Particularly exciting to active researchers, especially young researchers, is the inclusion of over three dozen open questions. This volume consists of 11 papers containing many new and interesting results and examples across the spectrum of topological group theory and related topics. Well-known researchers who contributed to this volume include Taras Banakh, Michael Megrelishvili, Sidney A. Morris, Saharon Shelah, George A. Willis, O'lga V. Sipacheva, and Stephen Wagner
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Nanomedicine (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039216574 , 9783039216567
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Abstract: [This book focus on the most recent advances related to the design and processing methods of different nanobiomaterials, films, and fibers; surface functionalization strategies, including biological performance assessment and cytocompatibility; and their applications in tissue engineering strategies.]
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038978374 , 9783038978367
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue features recent data concerning thioredoxins and glutaredoxins from various biological systems, including bacteria, mammals, and plants. Four of the sixteen articles are review papers that deal with the regulation of development of the effect of hydrogen peroxide and the interactions between oxidants and reductants, the description of methionine sulfoxide reductases, detoxification enzymes that require thioredoxin or glutaredoxin, and the response of plants to cold stress, respectively. This is followed by eleven research articles that focus on a reductant of thioredoxin in bacteria, a thioredoxin reductase, and a variety of plant and bacterial thioredoxins, including the m, f, o, and h isoforms and their targets. Various parameters are studied, including genetic, structural, and physiological properties of these systems. The redox regulation of monodehydroascorbate reductase, aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase could have very important consequences in plant metabolism. Also, the properties of the mitochondrial o-type thioredoxins and their unexpected capacity to bind iron–sulfur center (ISC) structures open new developments concerning the redox mitochondrial function and possibly ISC assembly in mitochondria. The final paper discusses interesting biotechnological applications of thioredoxin for breadmaking
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermophiles and Thermozymes (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038978176 , 9783038978169
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Abstract: Interest in the study of life in hot environments, both with respect to the inhabiting microorganisms and the enzymes they produce, is currently very high. The biological mechanisms responsible for the resistance to high temperatures are not yet fully understood, whereas thermostability is a highly required feature for industrial applications. In this e-book, the invited authors provide diverse evidence contributing to the understanding of such mechanisms and the unlocking of the biotechnological potential of thermophiles and thermozymes
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    There is a Crack in Everything—Education and Religion in a Secular Age (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039212774 , 9783039212781
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Abstract: There are two constants in academic and theological discourse throughout history, they are the debate around secularization and the dialogue concerning the intersection of religion and education. Each age has had its debate about modernizing forces that drive concerns of impending secularization. In this publication this theme is approached from perspectives of teachers, of students, of policy makers and situated in a politico-historical context. Aware of the fact that in today’s plural societies one sacred canopy is non-existent anymore, cracks of the sacred canopy/canopies are described, as well as ‘the light that gets in’, the possible and challenging ways out are roughly sketched. We expect that each of the contributions of scholars of the East and the West, of the North and the South, and their presented examples and case studies, will stimulate the ongoing exploration and elaboration on the relationship between education and religion in todays’ and the coming world – work-in-progress for coming generations
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermal and Electro-thermal System Simulation (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039217373 , 9783039217366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Abstract: With increasing power levels and power densities in electronics systems, thermal issues are becoming more and more critical. The elevated temperatures result in changing electrical system parameters, changing the operation of devices, and sometimes even the destruction of devices. To prevent this, the thermal behavior has to be considered in the design phase. This can be done with thermal end electro-thermal design and simulation tools. This Special Issue of Energies, edited by two well-known experts of the field, Prof. Marta Rencz, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and by Prof. Lorenzo Codecasa, Politecnico di Milano, collects twelve papers carefully selected for the representation of the latest results in thermal and electro-thermal system simulation. These contributions present a good survey of the latest results in one of the most topical areas in the field of electronics: The thermal and electro-thermal simulation of electronic components and systems. Several papers of this issue are extended versions of papers presented at the THERMINIC 2018 Workshop, held in Stockholm in the fall of 2018. The papers presented here deal with modeling and simulation of state-of-the-art applications that are highly critical from the thermal point of view, and around which there is great research activity in both industry and academia. Contributions covered the thermal simulation of electronic packages, electro-thermal advanced modeling in power electronics, multi-physics modeling and simulation of LEDs, and the characterization of interface materials, among other subjects
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards New Promising Discoveries for Lung Cancer Patients: A Selection of Papers from the First Joint Meeting on Lung Cancer of the FHU OncoAge (Nice, France) and the MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA) (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039214525 , 9783039214518
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Cancers (Basel) is mainly dedicated to selecting papers from the talks given during the first Joint Meeting on Lung Cancer (JMLC) between the MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, Texas USA) and the Hospital University Federation (HUF) OncoAge (University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France) (Nice, September 2018). The central theme of JMLC is to discuss new advances and exchange ideas regarding lung cancer. Notably, the talks covered different topics on new therapeutic strategies (targeted therapy and immuno-oncology), molecular and cellular biology, biomarkers, and the epidemiology of lung cancer. Special attention was also given to lung cancer in elderly patients. The articles published in this Special Issue covered subjects such as the assessment of new biomarkers and new approaches for the early detection of lung cancer, epidemiological data, and emphasized a place for the newly characterized cellular pathways in lung cancer, which opens room for therapeutic perspectives for lung cancer patients
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthetic DNA and RNA Programming (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039217342 , 9783039217359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Abstract: Dear Colleagues, Synthetic biology is a broad and emerging discipline that capitalizes on recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, protein and RNA engineering and omics technologies. These technologies have transformed our ability to reveal the biology of the cell and the molecular basis of disease
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038976691 , 9783038976684
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (458 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue on the Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils presents 31 new research papers on one of the most diverse and successful groups of animals on Earth, the beetle superfamily Curculionoidea. It was in part inspired to commemorate the extraordinary life and scientific achievements of Guillermo (“Willy”) Kuschel (1918–2017), who shaped this field of science over the last century like no other weevil systematist. The papers in this memorial issue span weevil faunas from all over the globe, including South and Central America, Africa, Europe and the Near East, South-East Asia, New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. They include major advances on the phylogeny and classification of the “broad-nosed” weevils (Entiminae), on the weevils associated with American cycads and on the unique extinct weevil fauna preserved in the 100-million-year-old Burmese amber, when weevils started to diversify alongside the oldest angiosperm plants. They comprise a tribute to Willy Kuschel, the proceedings of a weevil symposium held in his honor in 2016 in Orlando, Florida, 24 systematic studies (including seven phylogenetic analyses) and five other contributions on the diversity, biology, distribution, evolution and fossil history of weevils. In the papers collated in this volume, 30 new genera and 92 new species of weevils are described and a new family of extinct weevils is recognized
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Symmetry in Quantum Optics Models (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039218592 , 9783039218585
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Abstract: Prototypical quantum optics models, such as the Jaynes–Cummings, Rabi, Tavis–Cummings, and Dicke models, are commonly analyzed with diverse techniques, including analytical exact solutions, mean-field theory, exact diagonalization, and so on. Analysis of these systems strongly depends on their symmetries, ranging, e.g., from a U(1) group in the Jaynes–Cummings model to a Z2 symmetry in the full-fledged quantum Rabi model. In recent years, novel regimes of light–matter interactions, namely, the ultrastrong and deep-strong coupling regimes, have been attracting an increasing amount of interest. The quantum Rabi and Dicke models in these exotic regimes present new features, such as collapses and revivals of the population, bounces of photon-number wave packets, as well as the breakdown of the rotating-wave approximation. Symmetries also play an important role in these regimes and will additionally change depending on whether the few- or many-qubit systems considered have associated inhomogeneous or equal couplings to the bosonic mode. Moreover, there is a growing interest in proposing and carrying out quantum simulations of these models in quantum platforms such as trapped ions, superconducting circuits, and quantum photonics. In this Special Issue Reprint, we have gathered a series of articles related to symmetry in quantum optics models, including the quantum Rabi model and its symmetries, Floquet topological quantum states in optically driven semiconductors, the spin–boson model as a simulator of non-Markovian multiphoton Jaynes–Cummings models, parity-assisted generation of nonclassical states of light in circuit quantum electrodynamics, and quasiprobability distribution functions from fractional Fourier transforms
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Superhydrophobic Coatings for Corrosion and Tribology (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039217847 , 9783039217854
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Abstract: Superhydrophobic surfaces, with a water contact angle 〉150°, have attracted both academic and industrial interest due to their wide range of applications, such as water proofing, anti-fogging, antifouling, anti-icing, fluidic drag reduction and anti-corrosion. Currently the majority of superhydrophobic coatings are created using organic chemicals with low surface energy. However, the lack of mechanical strength and heat resistance prevents the use of these coatings in harsh environments. Quality superhydrophobic coatings developed using inorganic materials are therefore highly sought after. Ceramics are of particular interest due to their high mechanical strength, heat and corrosion resistance. Such superhydrophobic coatings have recently been successfully fabricated using a variety of ceramics and different approaches, and have shown the improved wear and tribocorrosion resistance properties. This Special Issue focuses on the recent developments in the fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings and their robustness against corrosion and wear resistance, but the original work on other properties of superhydrophobic coatings are also welcome. In particular, the topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Robust superhydrophobic coatings; Coatings with super-wettability in multifunctional applications; Wetting effects on corrosion and tribology; Hierarchical Coating for wetting and modelling
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solid Phase Extraction: State of the Art and Future Perspectives (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039211586 , 9783039211593
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Abstract: This book is a collection of 13 innovative papers describing the state of the art and the future perspectives in solid-phase extraction covering several analytical fields prior to the use of gas or liquid chromatographic analysis. New sorptive materials are presented including carbon nanohorn suprastructures on paper support, melamine sponge functionalized with urea–formaldehyde co-oligomers, chiral metal–organic frameworks, UiO-66-based metal–organic frameworks, and fabric phase sorptive media for various applications. Solid-phase extraction can be applied in several formats aside from the conventional cartridges or mini-column approach, e.g., online solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase microextraction, and in-syringe micro-solid-phase extraction can be very helpful for analyte pre-concentration and sample clean-up. Polycyclic musks in aqueous samples, 8-Nitroguanine in DNA by chemical derivatization antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of salvia prattii, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aater samples by bamboo charcoal-based SPE, parabens in environmental water samples, benzotriazoles as environmental pollutants, organochlorine pesticide residues in various fruit juices and water samples and synthetic peptide purification are among the applications cited in this collection. All these outstanding contributions highlight the necessity of this analytical step, present the advantages and disadvantages of each method and focus on the green analytical chemistry guidelines that have to be fulfilled in current analytical practices
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038976561 , 9783038976578
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (474 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue on the Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils presents 31 new research papers on one of the most diverse and successful groups of animals on Earth, the beetle superfamily Curculionoidea. It was in part inspired to commemorate the extraordinary life and scientific achievements of Guillermo (“Willy”) Kuschel (1918–2017), who shaped this field of science over the last century like no other weevil systematist. The papers in this memorial issue span weevil faunas from all over the globe, including South and Central America, Africa, Europe and the Near East, South-East Asia, New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. They include major advances on the phylogeny and classification of the “broad-nosed” weevils (Entiminae), on the weevils associated with American cycads and on the unique extinct weevil fauna preserved in the 100-million-year-old Burmese amber, when weevils started to diversify alongside the oldest angiosperm plants. They comprise a tribute to Willy Kuschel, the proceedings of a weevil symposium held in his honor in 2016 in Orlando, Florida, 24 systematic studies (including seven phylogenetic analyses) and five other contributions on the diversity, biology, distribution, evolution and fossil history of weevils. In the papers collated in this volume, 30 new genera and 92 new species of weevils are described and a new family of extinct weevils is recognized
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sol-Gel Chemistry Applied to Materials Science (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039213535 , 9783039213542
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Abstract: Sol–gel technology is a contemporary advancement in science that requires taking a multidisciplinary approach with regard to its various applications. This book highlights some applications of the sol–gel technology, including protective coatings, catalysts, piezoelectric devices, wave guides, lenses, high-strength ceramics, superconductors, synthesis of nanoparticles, and insulating materials. In particular, for biotechnological applications, biomolecules or the incorporation of bioactive substances into the sol–gel matrix has been extensively studied and has been a challenge for many researchers. Some sol–gel materials are widely applied in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensing, catalysis, integration in photovoltaic devices, and more recently in biosensing, bioimaging, or medical diagnosis; others can be considered excellent drug delivery systems. The goal of an ideal drug delivery system is the prompt delivery of a therapeutic amount of the drug to the proper site in the body, where the desired drug concentration can be maintained. The interactions between drugs and the sol–gel system can affect the release rate. In conclusion, the sol–gel synthesis method offers mixing at the molecular level and is able to improve the chemical homogeneity of the resulting composite. This opens new doors not only regarding
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  • 21
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    Studies in Historical Linguistics and Language Change. Grammaticalization, Refunctionalization and Beyond (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215768 , 9783039215775
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Abstract: The present volume examines the usefulness of a particular set of concepts and processes of change studying their applicability to a range of linguistic changes in Spanish and Latin that cannot be easily or can only be partially accounted for within the framework of grammaticalization. Rather than challenging the insights of grammaticalization theory, the different contributions to this monograph demonstrate that exaptation, capitalization, refunctionalization and adfunctionalization, as well as changes motivated by rhetorical guidelines, constitute interesting and valuable notions that allow for a better understanding of specific language changes in Spanish and, by extension, of language change in general
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  • 22
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    Online Resource
    Structural Control of Mineral Deposits. Theory and Reality (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977841 , 9783038977858
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Abstract: ""Structural Control"" remains a crucial point that frequently lacks in any scientific and/or economic analysis of ore deposits, whatever their type and class. The case of lode deposits is exemplary, although also other deposits, like breccia pipe, stockwerk, massive sulphides, skarn, etc., can, surprisingly, be concerned. Several concepts like the gold-bearing shear zone have not proven valid during the last few decades in terms of our understanding of gold deposit and have been totally abandoned. Additionally, the relationships between magmatism, regional tectonic context, and mineralization remain uncertain and have been debated in several recent publications. This demonstrates that this issue is still relevant, and its solution may help in the distinction between intrusion-related and orogenic deposits. In this Special Issue, we particularly invite any case study of mineral deposits, in which it has been demonstrated that structural geology may have a significant role in the establishment of the deposit model of formation and/or on exploration and exploitation programs. Examples in which the structural model diverges from those described in the classical literature are particularly welcomed, including studies in which relationships with magmatism can be suspected and/or demonstrated. Indeed, all cases that illustrate concepts that differ from the classic ones and from theoretical models may represent significant contributions to this volume
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    Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Systems—Recent Manufacturing Techniques and Applications (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039214846 , 9783039214839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Abstract: Stimuli-responsive polymer systems can be defined as functional materials that show physical or chemical property changes in response to external stimuli such as temperature, radiation, chemical agents, pH, mechanical stress, and electric and magnetic fields. Recent developments in manufacturing techniques have facilitated the production of a wide range of stimuli-responsive polymer systems, such as micro- and nanoscale structures, with potential applications in soft sensors and actuators, smart textiles, soft robots, and artificial muscles. This book brings together the recent progress in manufacturing techniques, with particular emphasis on 3D and 4D printing and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer systems in biomedicine and soft robotics
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    Tea in Health and Disease (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038979876 , 9783038979869
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Abstract: Tea, made from the leaves of the Camellia senenisis plant, is the second most consumed beverage worldwide after water. Accumulating evidence from cellular, animal, epidemiological and clinical studies have linked tea consumption to various health benefits, such as chemoprevention of cancers, chronic inflammation, heart and liver diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Although such health benefits have not been consistently observed in some intervention trials, positive results from clinical trials have provided direct evidence supporting the cancer-protective effect of green tea. In addition, numerous mechanisms of action have been suggested to contribute to tea’s disease-preventive effects. Furthermore, effects of the processing and storage of tea, as well as additives on tea’s properties have been investigated
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    Structure and Mechanical Properties of Transition Group Metals, Alloys, and Intermetallic Compounds (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039211463 , 9783039211470
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Abstract: The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest theoretical and experimental achievements concerning the mechanisms of microstructural change in metallic materials subject to different processing methods, and their effect on mechanical properties. It is my pleasure to present a series of compelling scientific papers written by scientists from the community of transition group metals, alloys, and intermetallic compounds
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    Symmetry in Graph Theory (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038976585
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Abstract: This book contains the successful invited submissions to a Special Issue of Symmetry on the subject of ""Graph Theory"". Although symmetry has always played an important role in Graph Theory, in recent years, this role has increased significantly in several branches of this field, including but not limited to Gromov hyperbolic graphs, the metric dimension of graphs, domination theory, and topological indices. This Special Issue includes contributions addressing new results on these topics, both from a theoretical and an applied point of view
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    Synthesis and Applications of New Spin Crossover Compounds (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039213627 , 9783039213610
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Abstract: The crystal chemistry of spin crossover (SCO) behavior in coordination compounds can potentially be in association with smart materials—promising materials for applications as components of memory devices, displays, sensors and mechanical devices and, especially, actuators, such as artificial muscles. This Special Issue is devoted to various aspects of SCO and related research, comprising 18 interesting original papers on valuable and important SCO topics. Significant and fundamental scientific attention has been focused on the SCO phenomena in a wide research range of fields of fundamental chemical and physical and related sciences, containing the interdisciplinary regions of chemical and physical sciences related to the SCO phenomena. Coordination materials with bistable systems between the LS and the HS states are usually triggered by external stimuli, such as temperature, light, pressure, guest molecule inclusion, soft X-ray, and nuclear decay. Since the first Hofmann-like spin crossover (SCO) behavior in {Fe(py)2[Ni(CN)4]}n (py = pyridine) was demonstrated, this crystal chemistry motif has been frequently used to design Fe(II) SCO materials to enable determination of the correlations between structural features and magnetic properties
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    Symmetry in Engineering Sciences (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039218752 , 9783039218745
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Abstract: This book presents interesting samples of theoretical and practical advances of symmetry in multidisciplinary engineering applications. It covers several applications, such as accessibility and traffic congestion management, path planning for mobile robots, analysis of shipment service networks, fault diagnosis methods in electrical circuits and electrical machines, geometrical issues in architecture, geometric modeling and virtual reconstruction, design of noise detectors, filters, and segmentation methods for image processing, and cyclic symmetric structures in turbomachinery applications, to name but a few. The contributions included in this book depict the state of the art in this field and lay the foundation for the possibilities that the study of symmetry has in multidisciplinary applications in the field of engineering
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    Symmetries of Nonlinear PDEs on Metric Graphs and Branched Networks (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039217212 , 9783039217205
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue focuses on recent progress in a new area of mathematical physics and applied analysis, namely, on nonlinear partial differential equations on metric graphs and branched networks. Graphs represent a system of edges connected at one or more branching points (vertices). The connection rule determines the graph topology. When the edges can be assigned a length and the wave functions on the edges are defined in metric spaces, the graph is called a metric graph. Evolution equations on metric graphs have attracted much attention as effective tools for the modeling of particle and wave dynamics in branched structures and networks. Since branched structures and networks appear in different areas of contemporary physics with many applications in electronics, biology, material science, and nanotechnology, the development of effective modeling tools is important for the many practical problems arising in these areas. The list of important problems includes searches for standing waves, exploring of their properties (e.g., stability and asymptotic behavior), and scattering dynamics. This Special Issue is a representative sample of the works devoted to the solutions of these and other problems
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    Surface Modification to Improve Properties of Materials (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977971 , 9783038977964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Abstract: This book contains selected contributions on surface modification to improve the properties of solid materials. The surface properties are tailored either by functionalization, etching, or deposition of a thin coating. Functionalization is achieved by a brief treatment with non-equilibrium gaseous plasma containing suitable radicals that interact chemically with the material surface and thus enable the formation of rather stable functional groups. Etching is performed in order to modify the surface morphology. The etching parameters are selected in such a way that a rich morphology of the surfaces is achieved spontaneously on the sub-micrometer scale, without using masks. The combination of adequate surface morphology and functionalization of materials leads to superior surface properties which are particularly beneficial for the desired response upon incubation with biological matter. Alternatively, the materials are coated with a suitable thin film that is useful in various applications from food to aerospace industries
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    Electrospun and Electrosprayed Formulations for Drug Delivery (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038979135 , 9783038979128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Abstract: This book is comprised of important reviews and cutting-edge original research papers concerning electrospun and electrosprayed formulations in drug delivery. Electrospinning and electrospraying have, in recent years, attracted increasing attention in the pharmaceutical sector, with research in the area advancing rapidly. It is now possible to prepare extremely complex systems using multi-fluid processes, and to increase production rates to an industrial scale. Electrospun formulations can be produced under GMP conditions and are in clinical trials. In this volume, we explore a range of topics around electrospinning and electrospraying in controlled drug delivery. Four reviews cover the exciting potential of cyclodextrin-containing fibers and the many potential biomedical applications of electrospun fibers. The use of electrospinning to prepare amorphous systems and improve the dissolution rate and solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients is addressed, and the possibilities of such materials in tissue engineering are comprehensively covered. The six original research papers cover the effect of molecular properties on API release from Eudragit-based electrospun fibers; ferulic acid solid dispersions; electrospun medicines to treat psoriasis; scale up of electrospinning and its use to produce low-dose tablets; transepithelial permeation of drugs released from electrospun fibers, and the possibilities for the synergistic chemophotothermal treatment of cancer
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    Emerging Marine Biotoxins (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215133 , 9783039213498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Abstract: The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them
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    Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038979166 , 9783038979173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Abstract: Drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics and drug interaction studies have been extensively carried out in order to secure the druggability and safety of new chemical entities throughout the development of new drugs. Recently, drug metabolism and transport by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, respectively, as well as phase I drug metabolizing enzymes, have been studied. A combination of biochemical advances in the function and regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and automated analytical technologies are revolutionizing drug metabolism research. There are also potential drug–drug interactions with co-administered drugs due to inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolic enzymes and drug transporters. In addition, drug interaction studies have been actively performed to develop substrate cocktails that do not interfere with each other and a simultaneous analytical method of substrate drugs and their metabolites using a tandem mass spectrometer. This Special Issue has the aim of highlighting current progress in drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and bioanalysis
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    Solar Radiation, Modelling and Remote Sensing (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039210046 , 9783039210053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Abstract: Accurate solar radiation knowledge and its characterization on the Earth’s surface are of high interest in many aspects of environmental and engineering sciences. Modeling of solar irradiance from satellite imagery has become the most widely used method for retrieving solar irradiance information under total sky conditions, particularly in the solar energy community. Solar radiation modeling, forecasting, and characterization continue to be broad areas of study, research, and development in the scientific community. This Special Issue contains a small sample of the current activities in this field. Both the environmental and climatology community, as the solar energy world, share a great interest in improving modeling tools and capabilities for obtaining more reliable and accurate knowledge of solar irradiance components worldwide. The work presented in this Special Issue also remarks on the significant role that remote sensing technologies play in retrieving and forecasting solar radiation information
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    Eating Disorders and Obesity: The Challenge for Our Times (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038979982 , 9783038979999
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Abstract: Eating Disorders have traditionally been considered apart from public health concerns about increasing obesity. It is evident that these problems are, however, related in important ways. Comorbid obesity and eating disorder is increasing at a faster rate than either obesity or eating disorders alone and one in five people with obesity also presents with an Eating Disorder, commonly but not limited to Binge Eating Disorder. New disorders have emerged such as normal weight or Atypical Anorexia Nervosa. However research and practice too often occurs in parallel with a failure to understand the weight disorder spectrum and consequences of co-morbidity that then contributes to poorer outcomes for people living with a larger size and an Eating Disorder. Urgently needed are trials that will inform more effective assessment, treatment and care where body size and eating disorder symptoms are both key to the research question
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    Empirical Finance (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977063
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Abstract: There is no denying the role of empirical research in finance and the remarkable progress of empirical techniques in this research field. This Special Issue focuses on the broad topic of “Empirical Finance” and includes novel empirical research associated with financial data. One example includes the application of novel empirical techniques, such as machine learning, data mining, wavelet transform, copula analysis, and TV-VAR, to financial data. The Special Issue includes contributions on empirical finance, such as algorithmic trading, market efficiency, market microstructure, portfolio theory and asset allocation, asset pricing models, liquidity risk premium, currency crisis, return predictability, and volatility modeling
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    Efficiency of Bank Filtration and Post-Treatment (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039213061 , 9783039213054
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Abstract: Riverbank filtration (RBF) schemes for the production of drinking water are increasingly challenged by new constituents of concern, such as organic micropollutants and pathogens in the source water and hydrological flow variations due to weather extremes. RBF and new technology components are integrated and monitoring and operating regimes are adopted to further optimize water treatment in bank filtration schemes for these new requirements. This Special Issue presents results from the EU project AquaNES “Demonstrating synergies in combined natural and engineered processes for water treatment systems” (www.aquanes.eu). Additionally, papers from other research groups cover the efficiency of bank filtration and post-treatment, advantages and limitations of combining natural and engineered processes, parameter-specific assessment of removal rates during bank filtration, and the design and operation of RBF wells. The feasibility, design, and operation of RBF schemes under specific site conditions are highlighted for sites in the US, India, and South Korea
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  • 38
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    Dual Specificity Phosphatases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Biological Function (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039216895 , 9783039216888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Abstract: Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a heterogeneous group of protein tyrosine phosphatases with the ability to dephosphorylate Ser/Thr and Tyr residues from proteins, as well as from other non-proteinaceous substrates including signaling lipids. DUSPs include, among others, MAP kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) and small-size atypical DUSPs. MKPs are enzymes specialized in regulating the activity and subcellular location of MAPKs, whereas the function of small-size atypical DUSPs seems to be more diverse. DUSPs have emerged as key players in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, stress response, and apoptosis. DUSPs regulate essential physiological processes, including immunity, neurobiology and metabolic homeostasis, and have been implicated in tumorigenesis, pathological inflammation and metabolic disorders. Accordingly, alterations in the expression or function of MKPs and small-size atypical DUSPs have consequences essential to human disease, making these enzymes potential biological markers and therapeutic targets. This Special Issue covers recent advances in the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of MKPs and small-size atypical DUSPs, and their relevance in human disease
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    Drones for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Monitoring (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039219810 , 9783039219803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have already become an affordable and cost-efficient tool to quickly map a targeted area for many emerging applications in the arena of ecological monitoring and biodiversity conservation. Managers, owners, companies, and scientists are using professional drones equipped with high-resolution visible, multispectral, or thermal cameras to assess the state of ecosystems, the effect of disturbances, or the dynamics and changes within biological communities inter alia. We are now at a tipping point on the use of drones for these type of applications over natural areas. UAV missions are increasing but most of them are testing applicability. It is time now to move to frequent revisiting missions, aiding in the retrieval of important biophysical parameters in ecosystems or mapping species distributions. This Special Issue shows UAV applications contributing to a better understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem status, threats, changes, and trends. It documents the enhancement of knowledge in ecological integrity parameters mapping, long-term ecological monitoring based on drones, mapping of alien species spread and distribution, upscaling ecological variables from drone to satellite images: methods and approaches, rapid risk and disturbance assessment using drones, mapping albedo with UAVs, wildlife tracking, bird colony and chimpanzee nest mapping, habitat mapping and monitoring, and a review on drones for conservation in protected areas
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    Drinking Water Quality and Human Health (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977261
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Abstract: The quality of drinking water is paramount for public health. Despite important improvements in the last decades, access to safe drinking water is not universal. The World Health Organization estimates that almost 10% of the population in the world do not have access to improved drinking water sources. Among other diseases, waterborne infections cause diarrhea, which kills nearly one million people every year, mostly children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, chemical pollution is a concern in high-income countries and an increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries. Exposure to chemicals in drinking water may lead to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease), adverse reproductive outcomes, and effects on children’s health (e.g., neurodevelopment), among other health effects. Although drinking water quality is regulated and monitored in many countries, increasing knowledge leads to the need for reviewing standards and guidelines on a nearly permanent basis, both for regulated and newly identified contaminants. Drinking water standards are mostly based on animal toxicity data, and more robust epidemiologic studies with accurate exposure assessment are needed. The current risk assessment paradigm dealing mostly with one-by-one chemicals dismisses the potential synergisms or interactions from exposures to mixtures of contaminants, particularly at the low-exposure range. Thus, evidence is needed on exposure and health effects of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. Finally, water stress and water quality problems are expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change and increasing water demand by population growth, and new evidence is needed to design appropriate adaptation policies.This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between drinking water quality and human health
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    ECO-COMPASS (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038976905 , 9783038976912
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (219 p.)
    Abstract: Today, mainly man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibers, are used to produce composite parts in aviation. Renewable materials, such as natural fibers or bio-sourced resin systems, have not yet found their way into aviation. The project ECO-COMPASS aims to evaluate the potential applications of ecologically improved composite materials in the aviation sector in an international collaboration of Chinese and European partners. Natural fibers such as flax and ramie will be used for different types of reinforcements and sandwich cores. Furthermore, bio-based epoxy resins to substitute bisphenol-A based epoxy resins in secondary structures are under investigation. Adapted material protection technologies to reduce environmental influence and to improve fire resistance are needed to fulfil the demanding safety requirements in aviation. Modelling and simulation of chosen eco-composites aims for an optimized use of materials while a Life Cycle Assessment aims to prove the ecological advantages compared to synthetic state-of-the-art materials. This Special Issue provides selected papers from the project consortium partners
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  • 42
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    Emerging Advances in Petrophysics. Porous Media Characterization and Modeling of Multiphase Flow (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977940 , 9783038977957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Abstract: Due to the influence of pore-throat size distribution, pore connectivity, and microscale fractures, the transport, distribution, and residual saturation of fluids in porous media are difficult to characterize. Petrophysical methods in natural porous media have attracted great attention in a variety of fields, especially in the oil and gas industry. A wide range of research studies have been conducted on the characterization of porous media covers and multiphase flow therein. Reliable approaches for characterizing microstructure and multiphase flow in porous media are crucial in many fields, including the characterization of residual water or oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the long-term storage of supercritical CO2 in geological formations. This book gathers together 15 recent works to emphasize fundamental innovations in the field and novel applications of petrophysics in unconventional reservoirs, including experimental studies, numerical modeling (fractal approach), and multiphase flow modeling/simulations. The relevant stakeholders of this book are authorities and service companies working in the petroleum, subsurface water resources, air and water pollution, environmental, and biomaterial sectors
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    Sea Surface Roughness Observed by High Resolution Radar (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039217472 , 9783039217465
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Abstract: Changes in sea surface roughness are usually associated with a change in the sea surface wind field. This interaction has been exploited to measure sea surface wind speed by scatterometry. A number of features on the sea surface associated with changes in roughness can be observed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) because of the change in Bragg backscatter of the radar signal by damping of the resonant ocean capillary waves. With various radar frequencies, resolutions, and modes of polarization, sea surface features have been analyzed in numerous campaigns, bringing various datasets together, thus allowing for new insights into small-scale processes at a larger areal coverage. This Special Issue aims at investigating sea surface features detected by high spatial resolution radar systems, such as SAR
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    Sensors in Agriculture (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038974130 , 9783038974123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (346 p.)
    Abstract: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed
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    Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039214570 , 9783039214587
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Abstract: This collection represents successful invited submissions from the papers presented at the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management held in Beijing, China, 22–24 September 2017. With over 500 participants, the conference was co-hosted by the Management Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Society of Energy Economics and Management, and Renmin University of China on the subject area of “Energy Transition of China: Opportunities and Challenges”. The major strategies to transform the energy system of China to a sustainable model include energy/economic structure adjustment, resource conservation, and technology innovation. Accordingly, the conference and its associated publications encourage research to address the major issues faced in supporting the energy transition of China. Papers published in this collection cover the broad spectrum of energy economics issues, including building energy efficiency, industrial energy demand, public policies to promote new energy technologies, power system control technology, emission reduction policies in energy-intensive industries, emission measurements of cities, energy price movement, and the impact of new energy vehicle
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    Selected Papers from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039210404 , 9783039210411
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue contains a series of excellent research works on telecommunications and signal processing, selected from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) which was held on July 4–6, 2018, in Athens, Greece. The conference was organized in cooperation with the IEEE Region 8 (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), IEEE Greece Section, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section, and IEEE Czechoslovakia Section SP/CAS/COM Joint Chapter by seventeen universities from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Slovak Republic, Spain, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia, Croatia, and Poland, for academics, researchers, and developers, and serves as a premier international forum for the annual exchange and promotion of the latest advances in telecommunication technology and signal processing. The aim of the conference is to bring together both novice and experienced scientists, developers, and specialists, to meet new colleagues, collect new ideas, and establish new cooperation between research groups from universities, research centers, and private sectors worldwide. This collection of 10 papers is highly recommended for researchers, and believed to be interesting, inspiring, and motivating for readers in their further research
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    Special External Effects on Fluvial System Evolution (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215454 , 9783039215447
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Abstract: Rivers are an excellent witness of the dynamics affecting Earth’s surface due to their sedimentary products and morphological expression, which may be considered as fluvial archives. Until now, the focus has been on evaluating the general impact of individual external factors. However, the importance of the specific environmental characteristics of these factors has become increasingly recognized, as highlighted in recent case studies. For example, the effects of regional climate, differentiated topography and vegetation, and frozen ground appear to play an essential role in the evolution of the fluvial system. Integration of such environmental conditions in the processes that were active within the complex fluvial system will open new perspectives in our progressive understanding of the evolution of landscape form, ecology, sediment fluxes, and hydrology of the system within the framework of the external drivers such as tectonics, general climate, and human activity. This is an appealing challenge that we wish to address in the present Special Issue under the aegis of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG)
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    Side Channel Attacks (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039210008 , 9783039210015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue provides an opportunity for researchers in the area of side-channel attacks (SCAs) to highlight the most recent exciting technologies. The research papers published in this Special Issue represent recent progress in the field, including research on power analysis attacks, cache-based timing attacks, system-level countermeasures, and so on
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    Sharing Cities Shaping Cities (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038979890 , 9783038979883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Abstract: The sharing economy and collaborative consumption are attracting a great deal of interest due to their business, legal and civic implications. The consequences of the spreading of practices of sharing in urban environments and under daily dynamics are underexplored. This Special Issue aims to address if and how sharing shapes cities, the way that spaces are designed and lived in if social interactions are escalated, and the ways that habits and routines take place in post-individualistic society. In particular, the following key questions are of primary interest: Urban fabric: How is ‘sharing’ shaping cities? Does it represent a paradigm shift with tangible and physical reverberations on urban form? How are shared mobility, work, inhabiting reconfiguring the urban and social fabric? Social practices: Are new lifestyles and practices related to sharing changing the use and design of spaces? To what extent is sharing triggering a production and consumption paradigm shift to be reflected in urban arrangements and infrastructures? Sustainability: Does sharing increase the intensity of use of space and assets, or, rather, does it increase them to meet the expectations of convenience for urban lifestyles? To what extent are these phenomena fostering more economically-, socially-, and environmentally-sustainable practices and cities? Policy: How can policy makers and municipalities interact with these bottom-up and phenomena and grassroots innovation to create more sustainable cities? Scholars responded to the above questions from the fields of urban studies, urban planning and design, sociology, geography, theoretically-grounded and informed by the results of fieldwork activities
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    Smart and Functional Polymers (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215911 , 9783039215904
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Abstract: This book is based on the Special Issue of the journal Molecules on “Smart and Functional Polymers”. The collected research and review articles focus on the synthesis and characterization of advanced functional polymers, polymers with specific structures and performances, current improvements in advanced polymer-based materials for various applications, and the opportunities and challenges in the future. The topics cover the emerging synthesis and characterization technology of smart polymers, core?shell structure polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers, anhydrous electrorheological materials fabricated from conducting polymers, reversible polymerization systems, and biomedical polymers for drug delivery and disease theranostics. In summary, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest synthesis approaches, representative structures and performances, and various applications of smart and functional polymers. It will serve as a useful reference for all researchers and readers interested in polymer sciences and technologies
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    Silver Nano/microparticles: Modification and Applications (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039211784 , 9783039211777
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Abstract: Nano/micro-size particles are widely applied in various fields. Among the various particles, silver particles are considered among the most prominent nanomaterials in the biomedical and industrial sectors because of their favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate their properties and utilize them in various applications, such as diagnostics, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics, and optoelectronics. The properties of silver particles are strongly influenced by their size, morphological shape, and surface characteristics, which can be modified by diverse synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. This Special Issue provides a range of original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, properties, and applications of silver materials. Nine outstanding papers describing examples of the most recent advances in silver nano/microparticles are included. Silver nano/micro-size particles have many potential advantages as next-generation materials in various areas, including nanomedicine. This Special Issue might be helpful to understand the value of silver particles in the biomedical and industrial fields
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    PV System Design and Performance (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039216222 , 9783039216239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Abstract: Photovoltaic solar energy technology (PV) has been developing rapidly in the past decades, leading to a multi-billion-dollar global market. It is of paramount importance that PV systems function properly, which requires the generation of expected energy both for small-scale systems that consist of a few solar modules and for very large-scale systems containing millions of modules. This book increases the understanding of the issues relevant to PV system design and correlated performance; moreover, it contains research from scholars across the globe in the fields of data analysis and data mapping for the optimal performance of PV systems, faults analysis, various causes for energy loss, and design and integration issues. The chapters in this book demonstrate the importance of designing and properly monitoring photovoltaic systems in the field in order to ensure continued good performance
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    Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment with Emphasis in Membrane Treatment Operations (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038976240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Abstract: The present Special Issue brings together recent research findings from renowned scientists in the field of water treatment and assembled contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. 12 research contributions have highlighted various processes and technologies, which can achieve effective treatment and purification of wastewater and of drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The main topics which are analyzed are the use of novel type membranes in bioreactors, the use of modified membranes, for example using vacuum membrane distillation, the fouling of membranes, the problem of arsenic, antimony and chromium contamination in groundwaters and its removal and the use of novel technologies for more efficient ozonation
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    The Psychosocial Implications of Disney Movies (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038978497 , 9783038978480
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Abstract: In this volume of 15 articles, contributors from a wide range of disciplines present their analyses of Disney movies and Disney music, which are mainstays of popular culture. The power of the Disney brand has heightened the need for academics to question whether Disney’s films and music function as a tool of the Western elite that shapes the views of those less empowered. Given its global reach, how the Walt Disney Company handles the role of race, gender, and sexuality in social structural inequality merits serious reflection according to a number of the articles in the volume. On the other hand, other authors argue that Disney productions can help individuals cope with difficult situations or embrace progressive thinking. The different approaches to the assessment of Disney films as cultural artifacts also vary according to the theoretical perspectives guiding the interpretation of both overt and latent symbolic meaning in the movies. The authors of the 15 articles encourage readers to engage with the material, showcasing a variety of views about the good, the bad, and the best way forward
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    Power Electronics in Renewable Energy Systems (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039210442 , 9783039210459
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (604 p.)
    Abstract: This book offers a collection of 30 scientific papers which address the problems associated with the use of power electronic converters in renewable energy source-based systems. Relevant problems associated with the use of power electronic converters to integrate renewable energy systems to the power grid are presented. Some of the covered topics relate to the integration of photovoltaic and wind energy generators into the rest of the system, and to the use of energy storage to mitigate power fluctuations, which are a characteristic of renewable energy systems. The book provides a good overview of the abovementioned topics
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    Removal of Organic Pollution in Water Environment (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039218400 , 9783039218417
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Abstract: The development of civilization entails a growing demand for consumer goods. A side effect of the production and use of these materials is the production of solid waste and wastewater. Municipal and industrial wastewater usually contains a large amount of various organic compounds and is the main source of pollution of the aquatic environment. Therefore, the search for effective methods of wastewater and other polluted water treatment is an important element of caring for the natural environment. This book presents research on the determination and removal of environmentally hazardous organic compounds from aqueous samples. The articles included in this book describe the results of examinations, at the laboratory scale, of the efficiency of chemical as well as physical processes for the removal or degradation of selected model pollutants. Environmental studies, especially those concerning the determination of trace impurities, require effective isolation and concentration procedures. The methods used for this purpose should meet the requirements of green chemistry. The liquid phase microextraction procedures and use of electrochemical methods described in this book seem to be proper for environmental studies, as they are effective and environmentally friendly
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    The Sacred & the Digital. Critical Depictions of Religions in Video Games (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038978312 , 9783038978305
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Abstract: Video game studies are a relative young but flourishing academic discipline. But within game studies, however, the perspective of religion and spirituality is rather neglected, both by game scholars and religion scholars. While religion can take different shapes in digital games, ranging from material and referential to reflexive and ritual, it is not necessarily true that game developers depict their in-game religions in a positive, confirming way, but ever so often games approach the topic critically and disavowingly. The religion criticisms found in video games can be categorized as follows: religion as (1) fraud, aimed to manipulate the uneducated, as (2) blind obedience towards an invisible but ultimately non-existing deity/ies, as (3) violence against those who do not share the same set of religious rules, as (4) madness, a deranged alternative for logical reasoning, and as (5) suppression in the hands of the powerful elite to dominate and subdue the masses into submission and obedience. The critical depictions of religion in video games by their developers is the focus of this special issue
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    Recent Progress in Solid Dispersion Technology (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215010 , 9783039215027
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Abstract: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a powerful formulation technology to improve oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Despite their being in existence for more than half a century, controlling ASD performance is still regarded as difficult because of ASD’s natural non-equilibrium. However, recent significant advances in ASD knowledge and technology may enable a much broader use of ASD technology. This Special Issue, which includes 3 reviews and 6 original articles, focuses on recent progresses in ASD technology in hopes of helping to accelerate developmental studies in the pharmaceutical industry. In striving for a deep understanding of ASD non-equilibrium behavior, the Special issue also delves into and makes progress in the theory of soft-matter dynamics
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    POSS-Based Polymers (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039219940 , 9783039219957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (310 p.)
    Abstract: The combination of functional polymers with inorganic nanostructured compounds has become a major area of research and technological development owing to the remarkable properties and multifunctionalities deriving from their nano and hybrid structures. In this context, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) have increasing importance and a dominant position with respect to the reinforcement of polymeric materials. Although POSSs were first described in 1946 by Scott, these materials, however, have not immediately been successful if we consider that, starting from 1946 and up to 1995, we find in the literature 85 manuscripts regarding POSSs; which means that less than two papers per year were published over 50 years. Since 1995, we observe an exponential growth of scientific manuscripts concerning POSSs. It is changing from an annual average of 20 manuscripts for the period 1995–2000 to an annual average of about 400 manuscripts, with an increase of 2800%. The introduction of POSSs inorganic nanostructures into polymers gives rise to polymer nanostructured materials (PNMs) with interesting mechanical and physical properties, thus representing a radical alternative to the traditional filled polymers or polymer compositions
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    Sacramental Theology: Theory and Practice from Multiple Perspectives: Theory and Practice from Multiple Perspectives (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039217182 , 9783039217199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Abstract: Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, sacramental theology has evolved as a discipline advancing comprehensive theories of sacraments and sacramentality as integral to the Christian faith while also studying the history and theology of the particular rites. Now, in the twenty-first century, the need for attention to the actual performance and specific social settings of sacramental worship has become well established. This makes the work of sacramental theology necessarily engaged with multiple, cross-disciplinary theories attentive to particular contexts, whether local, national, or global. Still, the divine human encounter at the heart of Christian symbol and ritual likewise beckons to philosophical–theological reflection. The essays in this volume begin with profound philosophical perspectives on the personal and communal sacramental experience, expanding from traditional cosmology to evolutionary and chaos theories of our planetary existence, continuing with shifts, especially among youth, to interreligious and non-institutional perspectives, consideration of change in popular notions of guilt, and social–ethical issues in relation to liturgical theology and practice, so as finally to return to fundamental theological reflection on human sacramentality and divine revelation
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    River and Lake Ice Processes—Impacts of Freshwater Ice on Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Globe (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038973881 , 9783038973898
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Abstract: Most freshwater aquatic ecosystems have focused on open-water conditions, during spring, summer, and autumn. Studies in winter during ice-covered conditions are sparse due to the logistic difficulties of sampling during freezing weather and the assumption that these ecosystems are biologically inactive during winter. There is growing evidence, however, that ice conditions can have strong impacts on the flora, fauna, and water quality of freshwater systems, dependent on the severity and duration of the winter season. The magnitude of winter conditions and the duration of the ice-covered period can also set the stage of the biological succession of flora, fauna and water-quality constituents in the subsequent spring and summer seasons (e.g., higher probability of early algal blooms with earlier ice-off dates). Climate change and changes in the type and degree of anthropogenic impacts will also influence the ice regime and hence the ecosystems of northern freshwater systems. This Special Issue provides a venue to report new findings in field-based and modelling research to highlight the importance of the ice regime and ice-induced hydraulic regime of rivers and lakes on their aquatic ecosystems
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    The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039219971 , 9783039219964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Abstract: In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders
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    Process Modelling and Simulation (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039214563 , 9783039214556
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Abstract: Since process models are nowadays ubiquitous in many applications, the challenges and alternatives related to their development, validation, and efficient use have become more apparent. In addition, the massive amounts of both offline and online data available today open the door for new applications and solutions. However, transforming data into useful models and information in the context of the process industry or of bio-systems requires specific approaches and considerations such as new modelling methodologies incorporating the complex, stochastic, hybrid and distributed nature of many processes in particular. The same can be said about the tools and software environments used to describe, code, and solve such models for their further exploitation. Going well beyond mere simulation tools, these advanced tools offer a software suite built around the models, facilitating tasks such as experiment design, parameter estimation, model initialization, validation, analysis, size reduction, discretization, optimization, distributed computation, co-simulation, etc. This Special Issue collects novel developments in these topics in order to address the challenges brought by the use of models in their different facets, and to reflect state of the art developments in methods, tools and industrial applications
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    Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038979432 , 9783038979425
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue “Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications” hosts papers on aspects of remote sensing for atmospheric conditions for wind energy applications. Wind lidar technology is presented from a theoretical view on the coherent focused Doppler lidar principles. Furthermore, wind lidar for applied use for wind turbine control, wind farm wake, and gust characterizations is presented, as well as methods to reduce uncertainty when using lidar in complex terrain. Wind lidar observations are used to validate numerical model results. Wind Doppler lidar mounted on aircraft used for observing winds in hurricane conditions and Doppler radar on the ground used for very short-term wind forecasting are presented. For the offshore environment, floating lidar data processing is presented as well as an experiment with wind-profiling lidar on a ferry for model validation. Assessments of wind resources in the coastal zone using wind-profiling lidar and global wind maps using satellite data are presented
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    Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039212392 , 9783039212408
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Abstract: Monitoring of vegetation structure and functioning is critical to modeling terrestrial ecosystems and energy cycles. In particular, leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural property of vegetation used in many land surface vegetation, climate, and crop production models. Canopy structure (LAI, fCover, plant height, and biomass) and biochemical parameters (leaf pigmentation and water content) directly influence the radiative transfer process of sunlight in vegetation, determining the amount of radiation measured by passive sensors in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical remote sensing (RS) methods build relationships exploiting in situ measurements and/or as outputs of physical canopy radiative transfer models. The increased availability of passive (radar and LiDAR) RS data has fostered their use in many applications for the analysis of land surface properties and processes, thanks also to their insensitivity to weather conditions and the capability to exploit rich structural and textural information. Data fusion and multi-sensor integration techniques are pressing topics to fully exploit the information conveyed by both optical and microwave bands
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    Remote Sensing of Environmental Changes in Cold Regions (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215713 , 9783039215706
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue gathers papers reporting recent advances in the remote sensing of cold regions. It includes contributions presenting improvements in modeling microwave emissions from snow, assessment of satellite-based sea ice concentration products, satellite monitoring of ice jam and glacier lake outburst floods, satellite mapping of snow depth and soil freeze/thaw states, near-nadir interferometric imaging of surface water bodies, and remote sensing-based assessment of high arctic lake environment and vegetation recovery from wildfire disturbances in Alaska. A comprehensive review is presented to summarize the achievements, challenges, and opportunities of cold land remote sensing
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    Remote Sensing of Precipitation: Volume 2 (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039212873 , 9783039212880
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Abstract: Precipitation is a well-recognized pillar in global water and energy balances. An accurate and timely understanding of its characteristics at the global, regional, and local scales is indispensable for a clearer understanding of the mechanisms underlying the Earth’s atmosphere–ocean complex system. Precipitation is one of the elements that is documented to be greatly affected by climate change. In its various forms, precipitation comprises a primary source of freshwater, which is vital for the sustainability of almost all human activities. Its socio-economic significance is fundamental in managing this natural resource effectively, in applications ranging from irrigation to industrial and household usage. Remote sensing of precipitation is pursued through a broad spectrum of continuously enriched and upgraded instrumentation, embracing sensors which can be ground-based (e.g., weather radars), satellite-borne (e.g., passive or active space-borne sensors), underwater (e.g., hydrophones), aerial, or ship-borne
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    Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038974444 , 9783038974437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (536 p.)
    Abstract: Risk measures play a vital role in many subfields of economics and finance. It has been proposed that risk measures could be analysed in relation to the performance of variables extracted from empirical real-world data. For example, risk measures may help inform effective monetary and fiscal policies and, therefore, the further development of pricing models for financial assets such as equities, bonds, currencies, and derivative securities.〈false,〉A Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” will be devoted to advancements in the mathematical and statistical development of risk measures with applications in finance and economics. This Special Issue will bring together the theory, practice and real-world applications of risk measures. This book is a collection of papers published in the Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” for Sustainability in 2018
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    Religion and Art: Rethinking Aesthetic and Auratic Experiences in 'Post-Secular' Times (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039210329 , 9783039210336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Abstract: How can we think of the “aura” of (sacred) contexts and (sacred) works? How to think of individual and collective (esthetic/religious) experiences? What to make of the manipulative dimension of (religious and esthetic) “auratic” experiences? Is the work of art still capable of mediating the experience of the “sacred,” and under what conditions? What is the significance of the “eschatological” dimension of both art and religion (the sense of “ending”)? Can theology offer a way to reaffirm the creative capacities of the human being as something that characterizes the very condition of being human? This Special Issue aspires to contribute to the growing literature on contemporary art and religion, and to explore the new ways of thinking of art and the sacred (in their esthetic, ideological, and institutional dimensions) in the context of contemporary culture
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    Reducing the Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings: Assessment and Retrofit (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039212576 , 9783039212583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Abstract: Devastating seismic events occurring all over the world keep raising the awareness of the scientific, technical and political communities to the need of identifying assets at risk and developing more effective and cost-efficient seismic risk mitigation strategies. Significant advances in earthquake engineering research have been achieved with the rise of new technologies and techniques with potential use in risk assessment, management and mitigation. Nevertheless, there is still much to be done, particularly with regard to existing buildings, most of them built without anti-seismic provisions. The wide variety of construction and structural systems, associated with the complex behaviour of their materials, greatly limit the application of current codes and building standards to the existing building stock. To tackle this issue, there is a fundamental need for developing multidisciplinary research that can lead to the development of more sophisticated and reliable methods of analysis, as well as to improved seismic retrofitting techniques compliant with buildings conservation principles. This book intends to contribute to the aforementioned goal by stimulating the exchange of ideas and knowledge on the assessment and reduction of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings. 10 high quality contributions authored by international experts from Italy, Portugal, Morocco, Nepal, Czech Republic and Spain are included herein. All contributions pursue the protection of existing buildings by considering the most updated methods and advanced solutions emerging from different fields of expertise
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    Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Development (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038978336 , 9783038978329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Abstract: Voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) and other private governance instruments (e.g., Fair Trade, Forest Stewardship Council, Fair Wear Foundation, GLOBALGAP) are increasingly regulating global production processes and economic activities. VSS verify the compliance of products or production processes with sustainability standards. The importance of voluntary sustainability standards is now widely recognized. After being operational for more than two decades, they have established themselves as private governance instruments. This recognition is also exemplified by their integration in public regulatory approaches. Governments and international organizations are partnering with voluntary sustainability standards to pursue sustainable development policies. We witness the integration of VSS in the regulatory approaches of local and national governments in countries around the world, the integration of VSS in trade policies, the emergence of public–private initiatives to govern global supply chains, and the inclusion of private initiatives in experimentalist governance regimes. This Special Issue seeks to bring together research on the interface between private and public governance. We welcome contributions which analyze specific case studies on the emergence and development of these private–public interactions, the design of public–private governance, the effectiveness of these governance arrangements, and critical perspectives on the possibilities and limitations of such public–private forms of governance. We welcome multi-disciplinary perspectives including contributions from economics, political science, law, sociology, geography, and anthropology. Papers selected for this Special Issue are subject to a peer review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments, and applications
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  • 72
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    Power Transformer Diagnostics, Monitoring and Design Features (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038974420 , 9783038974413
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Abstract: Power transformers are key components in electric power distribution and transmission systems, and it is essential that they function properly for many years. With increasing age, there are potential risks of extremely high monetary losses due to unexpected failures and outages. A simple solution would be to replace all aging and risky transformers at once with new ones. Such an approach is obviously not a fiscally realistic solution. The main objectives are to extend their service life and optimize their performance through increased availability. For these reasons, in the past decades transformer life management has gained an ever-increasing interest. The greatest challenges are related to the need for methods to assess their condition and life expectancy along with the improvement of transformers’ efficiency by noble designs and/or the application of new materials. This book covers some theoretical and practical developments with special emphasis on R&D trends in transformer diagnostics and monitoring. Graduate-level students and academics as well as scientists and engineers involved in power equipment design, diagnostics, and monitoring will benefit from this book
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  • 73
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    Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039214129 , 9783039214112
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Abstract: This book will provide the most recent knowledge and advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Separation Science. Everyone working in a laboratory must be familiar with the basis of these technologies, and they often involve elaborate and time-consuming procedures that can take up to 80% of the total analysis time. Sample preparation is an essential step in most of the analytical methods for environmental and biomedical analysis, since the target analytes are often not detected in their in-situ forms, or the results are distorted by interfering species. In the past decade, modern sample preparation techniques have aimed to comply with green analytical chemistry principles, leading to simplification, miniaturization, easy manipulation of the analytical devices, low costs, strong reduction or absence of toxic organic solvents, as well as low sample volume requirements.Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and forensic sciences
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  • 74
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    Miniaturized Transistors (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039210107 , 9783039210114
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Abstract: What is the future of CMOS? Sustaining increased transistor densities along the path of Moore's Law has become increasingly challenging with limited power budgets, interconnect bandwidths, and fabrication capabilities. In the last decade alone, transistors have undergone significant design makeovers; from planar transistors of ten years ago, technological advancements have accelerated to today's FinFETs, which hardly resemble their bulky ancestors. FinFETs could potentially take us to the 5-nm node, but what comes after it? From gate-all-around devices to single electron transistors and two-dimensional semiconductors, a torrent of research is being carried out in order to design the next transistor generation, engineer the optimal materials, improve the fabrication technology, and properly model future devices. We invite insight from investigators and scientists in the field to showcase their work in this Special Issue with research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on trends in micro- and nanotechnology from fundamental research to applications
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    Microwave Indices from Active and Passive Sensors for Remote Sensing Applications (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038978213 , 9783038978206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Abstract: Past research has comprehensively assessed the capabilities of satellite sensors operating at microwave frequencies, both active (SAR, scatterometers) and passive (radiometers), for the remote sensing of Earth’s surface. Besides brightness temperature and backscattering coefficient, microwave indices, defined as a combination of data collected at different frequencies and polarizations, revealed a good sensitivity to hydrological cycle parameters such as surface soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow depth and its water equivalent. The differences between microwave backscattering and emission at more frequencies and polarizations have been well established in relation to these parameters, enabling operational retrieval algorithms based on microwave indices to be developed. This Special Issue aims at providing an overview of microwave signal capabilities in estimating the main land parameters of the hydrological cycle, e.g., soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow water equivalent, on both local and global scales, with a particular focus on the applications of microwave indices
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    MEMS Accelerometers (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038974154 , 9783038974147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Abstract: Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices are widely used for inertia, pressure, and ultrasound sensing applications. Research on integrated MEMS technology has undergone extensive development driven by the requirements of a compact footprint, low cost, and increased functionality. Accelerometers are among the most widely used sensors implemented in MEMS technology. MEMS accelerometers are showing a growing presence in almost all industries ranging from automotive to medical. A traditional MEMS accelerometer employs a proof mass suspended to springs, which displaces in response to an external acceleration. A single proof mass can be used for one- or multi-axis sensing. A variety of transduction mechanisms have been used to detect the displacement. They include capacitive, piezoelectric, thermal, tunneling, and optical mechanisms. Capacitive accelerometers are widely used due to their DC measurement interface, thermal stability, reliability, and low cost. However, they are sensitive to electromagnetic field interferences and have poor performance for high-end applications (e.g., precise attitude control for the satellite). Over the past three decades, steady progress has been made in the area of optical accelerometers for high-performance and high-sensitivity applications but several challenges are still to be tackled by researchers and engineers to fully realize opto-mechanical accelerometers, such as chip-scale integration, scaling, low bandwidth, etc
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  • 77
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    Mixed Matrix Membranes (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039219773 , 9783039219766
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Abstract: Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have attracted a large amount of interest in research laboratories worldwide in recent decades, motivated by the gap between a growing interest in developing novel mixed matrix membranes by various research groups and the lack of large-scale implementation. This Special Issue contains six publications dealing with the current opportunities and challenges of mixed matrix membranes development and applications to solve environmental and health challenges of the society of 21st century
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    Metal Complexes Containing Boron Based Ligands (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215850 , 9783039215843
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Abstract: Boron-based compounds have been utilized as ligands within transition metal complexes for many decades. The diversity of such compounds in terms of varying functional groups is truly exceptional. Boron compounds are of high interest due to the great potential to modify the substituents around the boron center and to produce a broad range of structural motifs. The many different ways these compounds can coordinate or interact with transition metal centers is astonishing. Examples of transition metal complexes containing boron-based ligands include scorpionates, cluster-type borane- and carboranes, borates, and phosphine-stabilized borylene ligands. This Special Issue brings together a collection of articles focusing on recent developments in the aforementioned boron-based ligands. The articles reported in this book will provide the reader with an overview of the types of boron-based ligands which are currently being researched in groups around the world
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    Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039212453 , 9783039212460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Abstract: The adipokine adiponectin is very concentrated in plasma, and decreased levels of adiponectin are associated with pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. When produced in its full-length form, adiponectin self-associates to generate multimeric complexes. The full-length form of adiponectin can be cleaved by the globular form of elastase that is produced locally, and the resulting biological effects are exerted in a paracrine or autocrine manner. The different forms of adiponectin bind to specific receptors consisting of two G-protein-independent, seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors, called AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, while T-cadherin has been identified as a potential receptor for high molecular weight complexes of adiponectin. Adiponectin exerts a key role in cellular metabolism, regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. However, its biological effects are heterogeneous, involving multiple target tissues. The Special Issue “Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action” highlights the pleiotropic role of this hormone through 3 research articles and 7 reviews. These papers focus on the recent knowledge regarding adiponectin in different target tissues, both in healthy and in diseased conditions
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    Modeling and Practice of Erosion and Sediment Transport under Change (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039214327 , 9783039214310
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Abstract: Climate and anthropogenic changes impact the conditions of erosion and sediment transport in rivers. Rainfall variability and, in many places, the increase of rainfall intensity have a direct impact on rainfall erosivity. Increasing changes in demography have led to the acceleration of land cover changes in natural areas, as well as in cultivated areas, and, sometimes, in degraded areas and desertified landscapes. These anthropogenized landscapes are more sensitive to erosion. On the other hand, the increase in the number of dams in watersheds traps a great portion of sediment fluxes, which do not reach the sea in the same amount, nor at the same quality, with consequences on coastal geomorphodynamics. This book is dedicated to studies on sediment fluxes from continental areas to coastal areas, as well as observation, modeling, and impact analysis at different scales from watershed slopes to the outputs of large river basins. This book is concentrated on a number of keywords: “erosion” and “sediment transport”, “model” and “practice”, and “change”. The keywords are briefly discussed with respect to the relevant literature. The contributions in this book address observations and models based on laboratory and field data, allowing researchers to make use of such resources in practice under changing conditions
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    Modern Grinding Technology and Systems (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038429388 , 9783038429371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Abstract: This specialist edition features key innovations in the science and engineering of new grinding processes, abrasives, tools, machines, and systems for a range of important industrial applications. Topics written by invited, internationally recognized authors review the advances and present results of research over a range of well-known grinding processes. A significant introductory review chapter explores innovations to achieve high productivity and very high precision in grinding. The reviewed applications range from grinding systems for very large lenses and reflectors, through to medium size grinding machine processes, and down to grinding very small components used in MEMS . Early research chapters explore the influence of grinding wheel topography on surface integrity and wheel wear. A novel chapter on abrasive processes also addresses the finishing of parts produced by additive manufacturing through mass finishing. Materials to be ground range from conventional engineering steels to aerospace materials, ceramics, and composites. The research findings highlight important new results for avoiding material sub-surface damage. The papers compiled in this book include references to many source publications which will be found invaluable for further research, such as new features introduced into control systems to improve process efficiency. The papers also reflect significant improvements and research findings relating to many aspects of grinding processes, including machines, materials, abrasives, wheel preparation, coolants, lubricants, and fluid delivery. Finally, a definitive chapter summarizes the optimal settings for high precision and the achievement of centerless grinding stability
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    Mobile Mapping Technologies (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039280186 , 9783039280193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Abstract: Mobile Mapping technologies have seen a rapid growth of research activity and interest in the last years, due to the increased demand of accurate, dense and geo-referenced 3D data. Their main characteristic is the ability of acquiring 3D information of large areas dynamically. This versatility has expanded their application fields from the civil engineering to a broader range (industry, emergency response, cultural heritage...), which is constantly widening. This increased number of needs, some of them specially challenging, is pushing the Scientific Community, as well as companies, towards the development of innovative solutions, ranging from new hardware / open source software approaches and integration with other devices, up to the adoption of artificial intelligence methods for the automatic extraction of salient features and quality assessment for performance verification The aim of the present book is to cover the most relevant topics and trends in Mobile Mapping Technology, and also to introduce the new tendencies of this new paradigm of geospatial science
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    Membrane and Membrane Reactors Operations in Chemical Engineering (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039210220 , 9783039210237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue is aimed at highlighting the potentialities of membrane and membrane reactor operations in various sectors of chemical engineering, based on application of the process intensification strategy. In all of the contributions, the principles of process intensification were pursued during the adoption of membrane technology, demonstrating how it may lead to the development of redesigned processes that are more compact and efficient while also being more environmental friendly, energy saving, and amenable to integration with other green processes. This Special Issue comprises a number of experimental and theoretical studies dealing with the application of membrane and membrane reactor technology in various scientific fields of chemical engineering, such as membrane distillation for wastewater treatment, hydrogen production from reforming reactions via inorganic membrane and membrane photoassisted reactors, membrane desalination, gas/liquid phase membrane separation of CO2, and membrane filtration for the recovery of antioxidants from agricultural byproducts, contributing to valorization of the potentialities of membrane operations
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  • 84
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    Mercury and Methylmercury Toxicology and Risk Assessment (2019)
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    ISBN: 9783038979708 , 9783038979715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Abstract: Mercury is a global pollutant that affects the health of both humans and ecosystems. This Special Issue collects three review papers and six research articles that report on the latest findings on the mechanisms of mercury toxicology and its impacts on environmental health. This collection of papers provides useful, new information on the mechanisms of mercury toxicity and methods of improving the risk assessment of mercury exposure
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  • 85
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    Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J‑PARC) (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038974840 , 9783038974833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Abstract: The Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is a landmark large user-facility producing neutron and muon beams. Those beams feed over 20 beamlines hosting world-class instruments for the investigation of matter across the disciplines of materials science, solid state physics and chemistry, biological and life sciences, geology, engineering, and their wider applications. Neutron and muons can probe matter in very peculiar ways. They are sensitive to magnetism and hydrogen atoms, can penetrate materials deeply or probe surfaces, and allow one to investigate the fundamental dynamics of the materials. In the past three to four decades, neutron scattering has largely contributed to the development of modern technology, such as computers, mobile phone technology, electo-chemistry, the transportation industry, and the pharmaceutic industry. MLF is a world leader in such characterization technology and serves yearly to about 700 research experiments conducted from users of 34 countries around the world. The present book describes technical details of the proton accelerator, the neutron spallation source, the muon facility, and all the beamlines with engineering realization, specifications, and relevant examples
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    Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Structural Metals and Alloys (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038975052 , 9783038975069
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Abstract: The papers collected in this special issue clearly reflect the modern research trends in materials science. These fields of specific attention are high-Mn TWIP steels, high-Cr heat resistant steels, aluminum alloys, ultrafine grained materials including those developed by severe plastic deformation, and high-entropy alloys. The major portion of the collected papers is focused on the mechanisms of microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of metallic materials subjected to various thermo-mechanical, deformation or heat treatments. Another large portion of the studies is aimed on the elaboration of alloying design of advanced steels and alloys. The changes in phase content, transformation and particle precipitation and their effect on the properties are also broadly presented in this collection, including the microstructure/property changes caused by irradiation
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    Mathematical Modelling in Engineering & Human Behaviour 2018 (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038978053 , 9783038978046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Abstract: This book includes papers in cross-disciplinary applications of mathematical modelling: from medicine to linguistics, social problems, and more. Based on cutting-edge research, each chapter is focused on a different problem of modelling human behaviour or engineering problems at different levels. The reader would find this book to be a useful reference in identifying problems of interest in social, medicine and engineering sciences, and in developing mathematical models that could be used to successfully predict behaviours and obtain practical information for specialised practitioners. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the new developments of applied mathematics in connection with epidemics, medical modelling, social issues, random differential equations and numerical methods
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    Marine Anti-inflammatory Agents (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039215737 , 9783039215720
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Abstract: Acute inflammation is a highly regulated process, and its dysregulation can lead to the development of a chronic inflammatory state which is believed to play a main role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. In recent years, the need to find new anti-inflammatory molecules has raised the scientific community´s interest for marine natural products. In this regard, the marine environment represents a source for isolating a wealth of bioactive compounds. In this Special Issue, the reported products have been obtained from microalgae, sea cucumber, octopus, squid, red alga-derived fungus, cnidarians, hard-shelled mussel, and sponges
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  • 89
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    Machine Learning and Embedded Computing in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039213757 , 9783039213764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (344 p.)
    Abstract: This book contains the latest research on machine learning and embedded computing in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It encompasses research in detection, tracking, LiDAR
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    Livelihood and Landscape Change in Africa: Future Trajectories for Improved Well-Being under a Changing Climate (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039214693 , 9783039214709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Abstract: This book is based on a Special Issue of the journal LAND that draws together a collection of 11 diverse articles at the nexus of climate change, landscapes, and livelihoods in rural Africa; all explore the links between livelihood and landscape change, including shifts in farming practices and natural resource use and management. The articles, which are all place-based case studies across nine African countries, cover three not necessarily mutually exclusive thematic areas, namely: smallholder farming livelihoods under new climate risk (five articles); long-term dynamics of livelihoods and landscape change and future trajectories (two articles); and natural resource management and governance under a changing climate, spanning forests, woodlands, and rangelands (four articles). The commonalities, key messages, and research gaps across the 11 articles are presented in a synthesis article. All the case studies pointed to the need for an integrated and in-depth understanding of the multiple drivers of landscape and livelihood change and how these interact with local histories, knowledge systems, cultures, complexities, and lived realities. Moreover, where there are interventions (such as new governance systems, REDD+ or climate smart agriculture), it is critical to interrogate what is required to ensure a fair and equitable distribution of emerging benefits
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    Joseph Fourier 250th Birthday. Modern Fourier Analysis and Fourier Heat Equation in Information Sciences for the XXIst century (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977469
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Abstract: For the 250th birthday of Joseph Fourier, born in 1768 in Auxerre, France, this MDPI Special Issue will explore modern topics related to Fourier Analysis and Heat Equation. Modern developments of Fourier analysis during the 20th century have explored generalizations of Fourier and Fourier–Plancherel formula for non-commutative harmonic analysis, applied to locally-compact, non-Abelian groups. In parallel, the theory of coherent states and wavelets has been generalized over Lie groups. One should add the developments, over the last 30 years, of the applications of harmonic analysis to the description of the fascinating world of aperiodic structures in condensed matter physics. The notions of model sets, introduced by Y. Meyer, and of almost periodic functions, have revealed themselves to be extremely fruitful in this domain of natural sciences. The name of Joseph Fourier is also inseparable from the study of the mathematics of heat. Modern research on heat equations explores the extension of the classical diffusion equation on Riemannian, sub-Riemannian manifolds, and Lie groups. In parallel, in geometric mechanics, Jean-Marie Souriau interpreted the temperature vector of Planck as a space-time vector, obtaining, in this way, a phenomenological model of continuous media, which presents some interesting properties. One last comment concerns the fundamental contributions of Fourier analysis to quantum physics: Quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. The content of this Special Issue will highlight papers exploring non-commutative Fourier harmonic analysis, spectral properties of aperiodic order, the hypoelliptic heat equation, and the relativistic heat equation in the context of Information Theory and Geometric Science of Information
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  • 92
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    Plasma Catalysis (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Abstract: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC
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  • 93
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    Pediatric Palliative Care (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038973515 , 9783038973508
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Abstract: At least 20 million children worldwide would benefit from Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) annually, and eight million children would need specialized PPC services. In the USA alone, more than 42,000 children, 0–19 years, die annually; fifty-five percent of them are infants younger than one year old. Interdisciplinary PPC is about matching treatment to patient goals and is considered specialized medical care for children with a serious illness. It is focused on relieving pain, distressing symptoms, and stress from a serious illness and is appropriate at any age and at any stage, together with curative treatment. The primary PPC goal is to improve the quality of life both for the child and for his/her family. Sadly, advances in the control of symptoms in children dying of life-limiting diseases have often not kept pace with treatment directed at curing the underlying disease. Data reveal that the majority of distressing symptoms in children with an advanced serious illness (such as pain, dyspnea and nausea/vomiting) are not treated, and, when treated, therapy is commonly ineffective. Emerging evidence shows that palliative care involvement results in improved quality of life, as well as prolongation of life. High-quality pediatric palliative care for children with serious illnesses is now an expected standard of medical care. However, there still remain significant barriers to achieving optimal care, related to lack of formal education, reimbursement issues, the emotional impact of caring for a dying child, and most importantly, the lack of interdisciplinary PPC teams with sufficient staffing. Fortunately, considerable advances have been made in recent years providing PPC around the globe both in resource-poor and resource-rich countries through care provided at children’s hospitals, outpatient palliative care clinics, palliative home care, and free-standing children’s hospice houses. This book, authored by leading authorities in the field, is dedicated to describing existing gaps, as well as the achievements made in clinical care, education, training, and research
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  • 94
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    Plant Innate Immunity 2.0 (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038975809
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (386 p.)
    Abstract: Plants possess a rather complex and efficient immune system. During their evolutionary history, plants have developed various defense strategies in order to recognize and distinguishing between self and non-self, and face pathogens and animal pests. Accordingly, to study the plant innate immunity represents a new frontier in the plant pathology and crop protection fields. This book is structured in 6 sections. The first part introduces some basic and general aspects of the plant innate immunity and crop protection. Sections 2–5 focus on fungal and oomycete diseases (section 2), bacterial and phytoplasma diseases (section 3), virus diseases (section 4), and insect pests (section 5), with a number of case studies and plant–pathogen/pest interactions. The last section deals with plant disease detection and control. The book aims to highlight new trends in these relevant areas of plant sciences, providing a global perspective that is useful for future and innovative ideas
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  • 95
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    Plant Mitochondria (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038975519 , 9783038975502
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (400 p.)
    Abstract: The primary function of mitochondria is respiration, where the catabolism of substrates is coupled to ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. In plants, mitochondrial composition is relatively complex and flexible and has specific pathways to support photosynthetic processes in illuminated leaves. Plant mitochondria also play important roles in a variety of cellular processes associated with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur metabolism. Research on plant mitochondria has rapidly developed in the last few decades with the availability of the genome sequences for a wide range of model and crop plants. Recent prominent themes in plant mitochondrial research include linking mitochondrial composition to environmental stress responses, and how this oxidative stress impacts on the plant mitochondrial function. Similarly, interest in the signaling capacity of mitochondria, the role of reactive oxygen species, and retrograde and anterograde signaling has revealed the transcriptional changes of stress responsive genes as a framework to define specific signals emanating to and from the mitochondrion. There has also been considerable interest in the unique RNA metabolic processes in plant mitochondria, including RNA transcription, RNA editing, the splicing of group I and group II introns, and RNA degradation and translation. Despite their identification more than 100 years ago, plant mitochondria remain a significant area of research in the plant sciences. This Special Issue, “Plant Mitochondria”, will cover a selection of recent research topics and timely review articles in the field of plant mitochondrial research
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  • 96
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    Polymetallic Metallogenic System (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039212934 , 9783039212941
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (538 p.)
    Abstract: Within the last decade, the high and continuing demand for precious and base metals, as well as critical elements, has prompted a global rush on a scale never before seen. This eventually resulted in the demand for considerable innovation and improvement in mineral deposit genetic modelling and ore formation regimes for the many different types of gold deposits, now recognized, and paralleled by the wide employment of exploration techniques and a rapid expansion of geological databases. This Special Issue will show case studies of porphyry polymetal systems, orogenic gold formations, water–rock reaction, ore-forming structure evolution, mineralogy and petrology of ore deposit, ore formation regime, geochronology and geochemistry of ore deposit, ore-forming evolution, mineral exploration and cutting-edge technology in ore deposit study
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  • 97
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    Participatory Forestry: Involvement, Information and Science (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039213320 , 9783039213313
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Abstract: Public participation in forestry is a key issue in ensuring the democratization of decision-making processes, increasing the social acceptance of policies, and reducing conflicts between forest users. Public participation also provides an opportunity for the improvement of the quality of information, public debate, personal reflection, and professionalization, raising awareness. Participation in forestry implies the involvement of stakeholders (the interest group participation approach) and/or the involvement of people (the direct citizen participation approach) in the decision-making process. Since the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992), new norms and perspectives have emerged encouraging a bottom-up approach in forest governance. Consequently, several participatory techniques, methods, and tools for stakeholder involvement in forest governance have been developed and applied. These different experiences allow us to learn from failures and successes and contribute to knowledge improvement. The future challenges of participatory forestry deal with adaptation to changes in ecological, social, and economic contexts
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  • 98
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    Pharmacist Services (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039217540 , 9783039217557
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (436 p.)
    Abstract: The overall goal of this book is to give the reader a state-of-the-art synopsis of the pharmacist services domain. To accomplish this goal, the authors have addressed the social, psychosocial, political, legal, historic, clinical, and economic factors that are associated with pharmacist services. In this book, you will gain cutting-edge insights from learning about the research of experts throughout the world. The findings have relevance for enhancing pharmacist professionalism, pharmacist practice, and the progression of pharmacist services in the future
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  • 99
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    Personalized Nutrition (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039214464 , 9783039214457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Abstract: “Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases
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  • 100
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    Pd-based Membranes. Overview and Perspectives (2019)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977025
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Abstract: Palladium (Pd)-based membranes have received a great deal of attention from both academia and industry thanks to their ability to selectively separate hydrogen from gas streams. The integration of such membranes with appropriate catalysts in membrane reactors allows for hydrogen production with CO2 capture that can be applied in smaller bioenergy or combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as well as in large-scale power plants. Pd-based membranes are therefore regarded as a Key Enabling Technology (KET) to facilitate the transition towards a knowledge-based, low-carbon, and resource-efficient economy. This Special Issue of the journal Membranes on “Pd-based Membranes: Overview and Perspectives” contains nine peer-reviewed articles. Topics include manufacturing techniques, understanding of material phenomena, module and reactor design, novel applications, and demonstration efforts and industrial exploitation
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