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  • 2015-2019  (364)
  • 1935-1939  (3)
  • 2015  (364)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA  (342)
  • München : Sagner
Material
Language
Years
Year
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    München : AVM.edition | Leipzig : Parlapanoff | Marburg : Biblion | München : Biblion-Verl. | München : Ed. Biblion, Sagner | München : Sagner ; 1.1916 - 9.1919; N.F. 1.1996 -
    ISSN: 1438-7344 , 2510-7089
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1916 - 9.1919; N.F. 1.1996 -
    Series Statement: Ab N.F. 1.1996 teils: Schriften der Deutsch-Bulgarischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Bulgarien e.V.
    Series Statement: Reihe 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bulgarische Bibliothek
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wien : Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien | Wien : Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien | München : Sagner | Leipzig : Biblion Media GmbH | Berlin : Peter Lang ; 1.1978 -
    ISSN: 0258-6819 , 0258-6819 , 0258-6819
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1978 -
    Additional Information: Ab 1980 Beil. Wiener slawistischer Almanach / Sonderband. Sonderband
    Additional Information: 22=5 von Slawistentagung Beiträge zur ... Slawistentagung der Universitäten Klagenfurt und Ljubljana
    Parallel Title: Digital. Ausg. Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    DDC: 491.805
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Ersch. ca 2x jährl. , Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl., teilw. Text russ.; in kyrill. Schr. , Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien; später: Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien , Index 1/9.1978/82 in: 10.1982; 1/18.1978/86 in: 18.1986
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Berlin ; Bern ; Bruxelles ; New York ; Oxford ; Warszawa ; Wien : Peter Lang | Wien : Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien | Wien : Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien | München : Sagner | Leipzig : Biblion Media GmbH ; 1.1978 -
    ISSN: 0258-6819
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1978 -
    DDC: 491.805
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien; später: Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien , Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl., teilw. Text russ.; in kyrill. Schr. , Ersch. ca 2x jährl. , Index 1/9.1978/82 in: 10.1982; 1/18.1978/86 in: 18.1986
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Berlin : Peter Lang | München : Sagner | München : Ges. | Recklinghausen : Bongers ; Bd. 1.1956(1957) - 10.1973; 11.1978 - 32.2001; 33.2008 -
    ISSN: 0081-914X
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: Bd. 1.1956(1957) - 10.1973; 11.1978 - 32.2001; 33.2008 -
    Additional Information: 2=3; 5=4; 8=8; 9=10; 10=9; 11=18; 13=21 von Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (Deutschland, Bundesrepublik) Internationale Hochschulwoche der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft München, 1961
    Additional Information: 10=7 von Beiträge zur Kunst des christlichen Ostens Recklinghausen : Bongers, 1964 0067-5121
    Additional Information: 13=1 von Prähistorische Archäologie in Südosteuropa Wechselnde Verlagsorte und Verleger, 1982 0723-1725
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Südosteuropa-Jahrbuch
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Südosteuropaforschung ; Balkanologie
    Note: Ersch. jährl.
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    München : AVM.edition | Leipzig : Parlapanoff | Marburg : Biblion | München : Biblion-Verl. | München : Ed. Biblion, Sagner | München : Sagner ; 1.1916 - 9.1919; N.F. 1.1996 -
    ISSN: 1438-7344 , 2510-7089
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1916 - 9.1919; N.F. 1.1996 -
    Series Statement: Ab N.F. 1.1996 teils: Schriften der Deutsch-Bulgarischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Bulgarien e.V.
    Series Statement: Reihe 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bulgarische Bibliothek
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Berlin : Peter Lang | München : Biblion Media | München : Sagner ; 1.2009 -
    ISSN: 1868-2936
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.2009 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Studies on language and culture in Central and Eastern Europe
    Former Title: SLCCEE
    DDC: 490
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    München : Dialog, Neues Münchner Kunstforum | München : Sagner ; 2006 - 2013; 2017=2014/2017; 2020=2018/2019; 2020,2 -
    ISSN: 1863-6322
    Language: German , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2013; 2017=2014/2017; 2020=2018/2019; 2020,2 -
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Bis 2020=2018/2019 weist jeder Band für jedes enthaltene Jahr eine untergeordnete Zählung mit der Bezeichnung "Heft 1-2" auf, die ab 2020,2 entfällt, der Jahrgang 2020=2018/2019 bildet laut Verlag zugleich Jahrgang 2020,1, wobei "1" und "2" ab 2020 nicht mit der bis 2020,[1] vorhandenen Heftzählung zu verwechseln ist , Beitr. teilw. in Deutsch, teilw. in Russisch
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0949-3050 , 0949-3050 , 1618-6575 , 1618-6575
    Language: German
    Pages: 24 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bulletin der deutschen Slavistik
    Former Title: Organ des Verbandes der Hochschullehrer für Slavistik
    Former Title: Organ des Verbandes der Hochschullehrer und Hochschullehrerinnen für Slavistik
    Keywords: Slawische Sprachen ; Literatur ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Deutschland ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Ungezählte Beilage 2015: Beiheft , Ersch. jährl.
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag | Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Köln [u.a.] : Böhlau | München : Sagner ; 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    ISSN: 0043-2520 , 0043-2520 , 2193-5475
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Die Welt der Slaven
    Former Title: Halbjahresschrift für Slavistik
    DDC: 890
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawistik ; Slawische Völker ; Slawische Völker ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Darin: Slavistische Bibliographie
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Berlin : Peter Lang | Wien : Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien | Wien : Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien | München : Sagner | Leipzig : Biblion Media GmbH ; 1.1978 -
    ISSN: 0258-6819 , 0258-6819 , 0258-6819
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1978 -
    Additional Information: Ab 1980 Beil. Wiener slawistischer Almanach / Sonderband. Sonderband
    Additional Information: 22=5 von Slawistentagung Beiträge zur ... Slawistentagung der Universitäten Klagenfurt und Ljubljana Wien : Ges. z. Förderung Slavist. Studien, 1984-
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    DDC: 491.805
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Ersch. ca 2x jährl. , Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl., teilw. Text russ.; in kyrill. Schr. , Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien; später: Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien , Index 1/9.1978/82 in: 10.1982; 1/18.1978/86 in: 18.1986
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    München : Dialog, Neues Münchner Kunstforum | München : Sagner ; 2006 - 2013; 2017=2014/2017; 2020=2018/2019; 2020,2 -
    ISSN: 1863-6322 , 1863-6322
    Language: German , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2013; 2017=2014/2017; 2020=2018/2019; 2020,2 -
    DDC: 800
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Bis 2020=2018/2019 weist jeder Band für jedes enthaltene Jahr eine untergeordnete Zählung mit der Bezeichnung "Heft 1-2" auf, die ab 2020,2 entfällt, der Jahrgang 2020=2018/2019 bildet laut Verlag zugleich Jahrgang 2020,1, wobei "1" und "2" ab 2020 nicht mit der bis 2020,[1] vorhandenen Heftzählung zu verwechseln ist , Beitr. teilw. in Deutsch, teilw. in Russisch
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    München : Dialog, Neues Münchner Kunstforum | München : Sagner ; 2006 - 2013; 2017=2014/2017; 2020=2018/2019; 2020,2 -
    ISSN: 1863-6322
    Language: German , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 2006 - 2013; 2017=2014/2017; 2020=2018/2019; 2020,2 -
    DDC: 900
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Bis 2020=2018/2019 weist jeder Band für jedes enthaltene Jahr eine untergeordnete Zählung mit der Bezeichnung "Heft 1-2" auf, die ab 2020,2 entfällt, der Jahrgang 2020=2018/2019 bildet laut Verlag zugleich Jahrgang 2020,1, wobei "1" und "2" ab 2020 nicht mit der bis 2020,[1] vorhandenen Heftzählung zu verwechseln ist , Beitr. teilw. in Deutsch, teilw. in Russisch
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Berlin : Peter Lang | Wien : Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien | Wien : Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien | München : Sagner | Leipzig : Biblion Media GmbH ; 1.1978 -
    ISSN: 0258-6819 , ISSN 0258-6819
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1978 -
    Additional Information: Ab 1980 Beil Wiener slawistischer Almanach. Sonderband
    Additional Information: 22=5 von Slawistentagung (ZDB) Beiträge zur ... Slawistentagung der Universitäten Klagenfurt und Ljubljana Wien : Ges. z. Förderung Slavist. Studien, 1984
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    DDC: 491.805
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik
    Note: Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien; später: Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien , Ersch. ca 2x jährl. , Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl., teilw. Text russ.; in kyrill. Schr , Index 1/9.1978/82 in: 10.1982; 1/18.1978/86 in: 18.1986
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag | Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Köln [u.a.] : Böhlau | München : Sagner ; 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    ISSN: 0043-2520 , 2193-5475 , 2193-5475
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Die Welt der Slaven
    Former Title: Halbjahresschrift für Slavistik
    DDC: 900
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawische Völker ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Slawistik
    Note: Darin: Slavistische Bibliographie
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag | Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Köln [u.a.] : Böhlau | München : Sagner ; 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    ISSN: 0043-2520 , ISSN 2193-5475 , ISSN 2193-5475
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Die Welt der Slaven
    Former Title: Halbjahresschrift für Slavistik
    DDC: 900
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawische Völker ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Slawistik
    Note: Darin: Slavistische Bibliographie
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    München : Sagner | München : Südosteuropa-Ges. ; 1.1962; 2.1960 -
    ISSN: 0081-9166
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1962; 2.1960 -
    Additional Information: 2=4,Verz.; 28=20 von Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (Deutschland, Bundesrepublik) Internationale Hochschulwoche der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft München, 1961
    Additional Information: 8=1962 von Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (Deutschland, Bundesrepublik) Vorträge, gehalten auf der Tagung der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft München : Ges., 1965
    Additional Information: 8=8; 9=10; 10=9; 18=11; 21=13 von Südosteuropa-Jahrbuch Berlin : Peter Lang, 1957 0081-914X
    Additional Information: 9=7 von Beiträge zur Kunst des christlichen Ostens Recklinghausen : Bongers, 1964 0067-5121
    Additional Information: 16=1; 20=3 von Kieler Sonderdrucke Kiel : Institut für Weltwirtschaft, 1971 0342-0779
    Additional Information: 17=6 von Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Wirtschaftsgeographisches Institut WGI-Berichte zur Regionalforschung München : Geogr. Buchhandel., 1970 0077-2127
    Additional Information: 24=7 von Nürnberger Forschungsberichte Nürnberg : Verl. d. Nürnberger Forschungsvereinigung, 1975
    Additional Information: 27=1; 29=2; 30=3; 35=4 von Bulgarische Sammlung München : Hieronymus, 1980
    Additional Information: 28=21; 36=27 von Münchner Studien zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeographie Kallmünz b. Regensburg : Laßleben, 1966 0077-1902
    Additional Information: 37=12 von Gegenwartsfragen der Ostwirtschaft München [u.a.] : Olzog, 1966 0072-0534
    Additional Information: 41=1984/88 von Südosteuropa-Veröffentlichungen aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland München : Ges., 1989
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südosteuropa-Studien
    Former Title: Südosteuropa-Studie
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Südosteuropaforschung ; Südosteuropa
    Note: Springende Ersch.-Jahre; unregelmäßig
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    München : AVM.edition | Leipzig : Parlapanoff | Marburg : Biblion | München : Biblion-Verl. | München : Ed. Biblion, Sagner | München : Sagner ; 1.1916 - 9.1919; N.F. 1.1996 -
    ISSN: 1438-7344 , 2510-7089
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1916 - 9.1919; N.F. 1.1996 -
    Series Statement: Ab N.F. 1.1996 teils: Schriften der Deutsch-Bulgarischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Bulgarien e.V.
    Series Statement: Reihe 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bulgarische Bibliothek
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Berlin : Peter Lang | Wien : Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien | Wien : Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien | München : Sagner | Leipzig : Biblion Media GmbH ; 1.1978 -
    ISSN: 0258-6819 , 0258-6819
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.1978 -
    Additional Information: Ab 1980 Beil Wiener slawistischer Almanach. Sonderband
    Additional Information: 22=5 von Slawistentagung (ZDB) Beiträge zur ... Slawistentagung der Universitäten Klagenfurt und Ljubljana Wien : Ges. z. Förderung Slavist. Studien, 1984
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wiener slawistischer Almanach
    DDC: 491.805
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik
    Note: Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Institut für Slawische Philologie der Universität Wien; später: Gesellschaft zur Förderung Slawistischer Studien, Wien , Ersch. ca 2x jährl. , Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl., teilw. Text russ.; in kyrill. Schr , Index 1/9.1978/82 in: 10.1982; 1/18.1978/86 in: 18.1986
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag | Herne : Schäfer | München : Sagner ; Nr. 1.1960 -
    ISSN: 0583-5429 , 2750-6177
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1960 -
    Additional Information: 113=2; 120=3; 133=4; 138=5; 147=6; 160=7; 172=8; 181=9; 184=10; 200=11; 212=12; 230=13; 242=14 von Slavistische Linguistik München : Sagner, 1975 0720-8774
    Additional Information: 119=8 von International Congress of Slavists (ZDB) Referate und Beiträge zum ... Internationalen Slavistenkongreß München : Sagner, 1979
    Additional Information: 458=1 von Die slavischen Minderheiten in Südosteuropa München : Sagner, 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavistische Beiträge
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavistische Beiträge
    DDC: 490
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Slawische Sprachen ; Slawen ; Literatur ; Sprache
    Note: Ersch. unregelmässig
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Köln [u.a.] : Böhlau | München : Sagner | Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag ; 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0043-2520 , 0043-2520 , 2193-5475 , 2193-5475
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 - 21.1976(1978); N.F. 1=22.1977(1978) - 18=39.1994; 40.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Die Welt der Slaven
    Former Title: Halbjahresschrift für Slavistik
    RVK:
    Keywords: Slawistik ; Slawen ; Zeitschrift ; Bibliografie ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Darin: Slavistische Bibliographie
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Berlin : Peter Lang | München : Sagner | München : Ges. | Recklinghausen : Bongers ; Bd. 1.1956(1957) - 10.1973; 11.1978 - 32.2001; 33.2008 -
    ISSN: 0081-914X
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: Bd. 1.1956(1957) - 10.1973; 11.1978 - 32.2001; 33.2008 -
    Additional Information: 2=3; 5=4; 8=8; 9=10; 10=9; 11=18; 13=21 von Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft (Deutschland, Bundesrepublik) Internationale Hochschulwoche der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft München, 1961
    Additional Information: 10=7 von Beiträge zur Kunst des christlichen Ostens Recklinghausen : Bongers, 1964 0067-5121
    Additional Information: 13=1 von Prähistorische Archäologie in Südosteuropa [Wechselnde Erscheinungsorte] : [Wechselnde Verlage], 1982 0723-1725
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südosteuropa-Jahrbuch
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Südosteuropaforschung ; Balkanologie
    Note: Ersch. jährl.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9782889194483
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Viruses infect numerous microorganisms including, predominantly, Bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) but also Archaea, Protists, and Fungi. They are the most abundant and ubiquitous biological entities on Earth and are important drivers of ecosystem functioning. Little is known, however, about the vast majority of these viruses of microorganisms, or VoMs. Modern techniques such as metagenomics have enabled the discovery and description of more presumptive VoMs than ever before, but also have exposed gaps in our understanding of VoM ecology. Exploring the ecology of these viruses – which is how they interact with host organisms, the abiotic environment, larger organisms, and even other viruses across a variety of environments and conditions – is the next frontier. Integration of a growing molecular understanding of VoMs with ecological studies will expand our knowledge of ecosystem dynamics. Ecology can be studied at multiple levels including individual organisms, populations, communities, whole ecosystems, and the entire biosphere. Ecology additionally can consider normal, equilibrium conditions or instead perturbations. Perturbations are of particular interest because measuring the effect of disturbances on VoM-associated communities provides important windows into how VoMs contribute to ecosystem dynamics. These disturbances in turn can be studied through in vitro, in vivo, and in situ experimentation, measuring responses by VoM-associated communities to changes in nutrient availability, stress, physical disruption, seasonality, etc., and could apply to studies at all ecological levels. These are considered here across diverse systems and environments
    Note: English
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889196388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Interest in understanding the biological role of carbohydrates has increased significantly over the last 20 years. The use of structural techniques to understand carbohydrate-protein recognition is still a relatively young area, but one that is of emerging importance. The high flexibility of carbohydrates significantly complicates the determination of high quality structures of their complexes with proteins. Specialized techniques are often required to understand the complexity of carbohydrate recognition by proteins. In this Research Topic, we will focus on structural and computational approaches to understanding carbohydrate recognition by proteins involved in immunity and infection. Particular areas of focus include cancer immunotherapeutics, carbohydrate-lectin interactions, glycosylation and glycosyltransferases
    Note: English
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9782889195718
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of transcripts that are in general longer than 200 nucleotides and that have no protein-coding potential. The vast majority of vertebrate genomes encode diverse and complex lncRNAs that play regulatory roles at almost every step of gene expression. Recently, increasing evidence has implicated lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. The purpose of the Research Topic, "Emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in neurological diseases and metabolic disorders", is to bring together leading researchers in the field who, through contributing to an organized and comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed articles, provide a broad perspective on the latest advances in the field. A number of interesting and cutting-edge areas will be covered as below, but this list is not exclusive: - The methodologies and technologies of identifying and studying lncRNAs - LncRNAs in gene-specific transcription - LncRNAs in epigenetic regulation - LncRNAs in post-transcriptional regulation - LncRNAs in disease - Mapping of noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with disease
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  • 25
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    ISBN: 9782889195534
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Though traditionally designed for entertainment, video games are being used more and more by psychologists to understand topics such as skill acquisition, cognitive capacity and plasticity, aging, individual differences, and development. The appeal of using video games over simpler laboratory paradigms partly comes from their ability to present rich and complex cognitive challenges more representative of the demands of the complex everyday tasks we perform outside of the laboratory. However, this complexity also presents a host of methodological and analytic challenges. This Research Topic brings together research using games to explore cognitive processes, with a special focus on the challenges of this approach. Challenges are in terms of design, implementation, or data analysis
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  • 26
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    ISBN: 9782889195978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Complex systems are to be seen as typically having multiple levels of organization. For instance, in the behavioural and cognitive sciences, there has been a long lasting trend, promoted by the seminal work of David Marr, putting focus on three distinct levels of analysis: the computational level, accounting for the What and Why issues, the algorithmic and the implementational levels specifying the How problem. However, the tremendous developments in neuroscience knowledge about processes at different scales of organization together with the complexity of today cognitive theories suggest that there will hardly be only three levels of explanation. Instead, there will be many different degrees of commitments corresponding to the different granularities - from high-level (behavioural) models to low-level (neural and molecular) models of the cognitive research program. For instance, Bayesian approaches, that are usually advocated for formalizing Marr's computational level and rational behaviour, have even been adopted to model synaptic plasticity and axon guidance by molecular gradients. As a result, we can consider the behavioural scientist as dealing with models at a multiplicity of levels. The purpose of this Research Topic in Frontiers in Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology is to promote an approach to the role of the levels and explanation and models which is of interest for cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, psychologists, behavioural scientists, and philosophers of science
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  • 27
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    ISBN: 9782889196920
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and dendritic wiring. This wiring enables both near and distant cells to coordinate their responses and generate a rich variety of cognitions and behaviours. When the wiring is damaged through disease or trauma it may reorganize but this may lead to characteristic pathological behaviours. While there have been significant advances in mapping cortical connectivity, the organizing principles and function of this connectivity are not well understood. On the one hand, there appears to be general design constraints governing cortical wiring, as first recognised by Rámon y Cajal's in his laws of conduction, material, and volume conservation. Yet on the other hand, particular patterns of cortical wiring exist to serve specific functions. There is a wide gap in understanding how the response and connectivity properties of a single neuron contribute to emergent network functions such as in detecting perceptually relevant features. Unravelling this intimate causal relationship represents one of the major challenges in neuroscience. This Research Topic will examine progress in understanding cortical wiring principles. This Research Topic aims to draw together recent advances in methods and understanding as well as recent challenges to existing ideas about how cerebral cortex is wired. This is particularly timely because new automated techniques may soon yield huge datasets in need of explanation. Recent studies have, for instance, empirically evaluated Rámon y Cajal's conservation laws for cerebral cortex, while others have shown some unexpected connectivity features that may refine the traditional view of how corticocortical connections are organised with regard to functional representations of auditory, somatosensory and visual cortices. Understanding these data will help improve the fidelity of neural models of cerebral cortical function and take into account the diversity of connections at both micro- and mesoscopic scales not seen at such a depth before
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  • 28
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    ISBN: 9782889194315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Organisms are equipped with value systems that signal the salience of environmental cues to their nervous system, causing a change in the nervous system that results in modification of their behavior. These systems are necessary for an organism to adapt its behavior when an important environmental event occurs. A value system constitutes a basic assumption of what is good and bad for an agent. These value systems have been effectively used in robotic systems to shape behavior. For example, many robots have used models of the dopaminergic system to reinforce behavior that leads to rewards. Other modulatory systems that shape behavior are acetylcholine’s effect on attention, norepinephrine’s effect on vigilance, and serotonin’s effect on impulsiveness, mood, and risk. Moreover, hormonal systems such as oxytocin and its effect on trust constitute as a value system. This book presents current research involving neurobiologically inspired robots whose behavior is: 1) Shaped by value and reward learning, 2) adapted through interaction with the environment, and 3) shaped by extracting value from the environment
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9782889196135
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: What can we learn from sp ...
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  • 30
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    ISBN: 9782889195503
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The release of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-modulating mediators released from innate immune cells, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and epithelial cells, is an important event in immunity. Cytokine synthesis and transportation occurs through the canonical protein trafficking pathway associated with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. How cytokines are released upon their exit from the trans-Golgi network varies enormously between cell types, and in many cells this has not yet been characterized. This issue delves into the plethora of cytokines released by innate immune cells, and where possible, shines light on specific mechanisms that regulate trafficking and release of Golgi-derived vesicles. Each cell type also shows varying degrees of dependency on microtubule organization and actin cytoskeleton remodeling for cytokine secretion. Understanding the mechanisms of cytokine secretion will reveal the inner workings of individual innate immune cell types, and allow identification of critical regulatory steps in cytokine release
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  • 31
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    ISBN: 9782889196043
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This topic covers emerging knowledge about the properties and functions of the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria. These outer membranes house various processes necessary for efficient communication and thus integration of the organelles with and into their surroundings in the cytoplasm. Such processes include, but are not limited to, protein import, organelle division, organelle movement, metabolism, and metabolite/ion transport. Recent molecular genetic, biochemical and cell biological studies have revealed functions of various outer membrane proteins. These findings have helped address and generate diverse biological and evolutionary questions at molecular, cellular and whole organism levels. The topic should encourage contributions of scientists from various disciplines and thus would provide the field with opportunities to "think outside the box" and to develop potential collaborations. The topic is also aimed to stimulate interests of general audience in the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9782889196777
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (388 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The huge volume of multi-modal neuroimaging data across different neuroscience communities has posed a daunting challenge to traditional methods of data sharing, data archiving, data processing and data analysis. Neuroinformatics plays a crucial role in creating advanced methodologies and tools for the handling of varied and heterogeneous datasets in order to better understand the structure and function of the brain. These tools and methodologies not only enhance data collection, analysis, integration, interpretation, modeling, and dissemination of data, but also promote data sharing and collaboration. This Neuroinformatics Research Topic aims to summarize the state-of-art of the current achievements and explores the directions for the future generation of neuroinformatics infrastructure. The publications present solutions for data archiving, data processing and workflow, data mining, and system integration methodologies. Some of the systems presented are large in scale, geographically distributed, and already have a well-established user community. Some discuss opportunities and methodologies that facilitate large-scale parallel data processing tasks under a heterogeneous computational environment. We wish to stimulate on-going discussions at the level of the neuroinformatics infrastructure including the common challenges, new technologies of maximum benefit, key features of next generation infrastructure, etc. We have asked leading research groups from different research areas of neuroscience/neuroimaging to provide their thoughts on the development of a state of the art and highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure. Such discussions will inspire and help guide the development of a state of the art, highly-efficient neuroinformatics infrastructure
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9782889196111
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Undergraduate programs in public health are growing rapidly. At colleges and universities throughout the United States, both the number of programs and the number of students have expanded greatly in the past decade. In response to this trend, the Council for Education of Public Health (CEPH) has begun to accredit undergraduate public health programs, with the first programs approved in 2014. Around the country programs exhibit wide variation, from concentrations in liberal arts colleges to pre-clinical foundations at doctorate-granting universities to undergraduate programs in accredited schools of public health. Faculty, both new and seasoned, are fully aware of the need to integrate undergraduate education in public health with graduate education—but the roadmaps of exactly how to do so are still nascent. The purpose of this Research Topic is to gather articles describing this variation, with the intent that the collective body of work will facilitate analysis and discussion of what makes a quality education and builds a competent workforce
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9782889195435
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in Canada and USA. Majority of the patients present in advanced stage of the disease and of these only about 2% will be alive at 5 years. NSCLC is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 87% of cases. Systemic chemotherapies have been used to treat metastatic NSCLC for decades, but the improvements of outcomes have reached a plateau. Recent advances in understanding signalling pathways for malignant cells, their interconections,the importance of various receptors and biomarkers and the interplay between various oncogenes have led to the development of targeted treatments that are improving both efficacy and safety of the treatments. Knowledge about the advantages of treatments with the targeted agents in metastatic NSCLC is growing rapidly. Combining various targeted agents or sequencing them properly will be important in the era of personalised medicine and overcoming development of the resistence to various targeted agents will be challenging. The importance of a team work,from the diagnosis through various treatments, to supportive care, from the interventional radiologists, pneumologists or surgeons, who have to obtain a satisfactory tumor tissue specimen, to pathologists, radiation and medical oncologists, to supportive care specialists, will be described in our publications. We will cover completely present and future approaches to personalised medicine in this rapidly evolving field of metastatic NSCLC
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9782889193448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a manufacturing unit in eukaryotic cells required for the synthesis of proteins, lipids, metabolites and hormones. Besides supporting cellular signalling networks by its anabolic function, the ER on its own or in communication with other organelles directly initiates signalling processes of physiological significance. Based on the intimate and immediate involvement in stress signalling the ER is considered as sensory organelle on which cells strongly rely to effectively translate environmental cues into adaptive stress responses. The transcellular distribution of the ER providing comprehensive cell-to-cell connections in multicellular organisms probably allows a concerted action of cell alliances and tissue areas towards environmental constraints. At the cellular level, stress adaptation correlates with the capability of the ER machinery to synthesise proteins participating in stress signalling as well as in the activation of ER membrane localised proteins to start cell-protective signalling processes. Importantly, depending on the stress insult, the ER either supports protective strategies or initiates cell death programmes. Recent, genetic, molecular and cell biological studies have drawn an initial picture of underlying signalling events activated by ER membrane localised proteins. In this Research Topic, we provided a platform for articles describing research on ER morphology and metabolism with a focus on stress translation. The Research Topic is sub-divided into the following sections: 1. ER in stress signalling and adaptation 2. ER structure and biosynthetic functions 3. Regulation of protein processing 4. Regulation of programmed cell death
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  • 36
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    ISBN: 9782889194254
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Emotions play a central r ...
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9782889196838
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The central nervous system continuously perceives, integrates, processes and generates information. These complex functions rely on the detailed elaboration of its cellular network and on the myriads of individual, highly differentiated and specialized cell types, classically subdivided into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The specification of these individual populations begins early during development with less differentiated, yet already partly restricted, progenitor cells. Anatomically located in dedicated germinative niches, neural progenitors perceive the influence of diffusible molecules of various natures and concentrations. These signals result in the initial specialization of cohorts of progenitors that express unique combinations of transcription factors. It is now clearly established that both extrinsic and intrinsic signals act in concert to determine the fate potentials of these progenitor cohorts. This limitation increases over time, adult neural progenitors being more restricted than their developmental counterparts. Nevertheless, recent data have shown that the fate restriction of neural progenitors, as well as that of their progenies, can be overwritten upon selected intrinsic factor expression, not only during development but also in adulthood. This e-book is a collection of original research studies along with review articles that, together, provide insights into the vast spatiotemporal diversity of neural progenitors, and the various factors that govern their fate potential
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9782889196081
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (273 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Python is rapidly becoming the de facto standard language for systems integration. Python has a large user and developer-base external to theneuroscience community, and a vast module library that facilitates rapid and maintainable development of complex and intricate systems. In this Research Topic, we highlight recent efforts to develop Python modules for the domain of neuroscience software and neuroinformatics: - simulators and simulator interfaces - data collection and analysis - sharing, re-use, storage and databasing of models and data - stimulus generation - parameter search and optimization - visualization - VLSI hardware interfacing. Moreover, we seek to provide a representative overview of existing mature Python modules for neuroscience and neuroinformatics, to demonstrate a critical mass and show that Python is an appropriate choice of interpreter interface for future neuroscience software development
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9782889195848
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (151 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Neglect is one of the most impressive neuropsychological disorder, for both its theoretical and clinical relevance. Besides being very common and disabling, it is highly informative for understanding normal cognitive functioning. The hallmark of neglect is the failure to attend to the contralesional hemispace. However, several studies have recently highlighted that additional deficits, not attributable to a spatial bias, are associated to the impaired contralesional hemispace processing. Moreover, manifestations of neglect tend to be particularly heterogeneous and often dissociate according to the spatial domain being investigated (e.g., body space, space within reaching, space beyond reaching, imaginal space). Heterogeneity in neglect patients also means that dissociations across different tasks in a single patient are more the rule than the exception. Evidence suggests that some of these dissociations can be readily explained by taking into account the amount of available attentional resources as a major determinant for the presence and the severity of neglect. There is no doubt that neglect patients provide a wealth of information about the functioning of systems subserving attentional orienting and spatial processing. Moreover, their performance also show that some non-spatial deficits are tightly coupled with more classic contralesional spatial deficits. It seems however still unclear to what extent these non-spatial deficits are an intrinsic characteristic of neglect or whether they are to be considered unspecific effects of the often massive brain lesions suffered by the patients. From the clinical point of view, neglect is a disorder that dramatically affects patients and their caregivers, because it severely limits the individuals’ autonomy and motor recovery after brain damage. For these reasons neglect is a disorder that is worth rehabilitating. To be effective, neglect rehabilitation should be based on the knowledge of what cognitive aspects are impaired and it should be focused on improving daily-life performance. For these reasons, it is also important to detect and quantify subtle forms of neglect
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  • 40
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    ISBN: 9782889196364
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The innate immune system ...
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  • 41
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    ISBN: 9782889196173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This collection represents certain discoveries that were made in evolutionary and genomic microbiology during the recent ten years. We attempted to shed light on topical issues of microbial evolution and microbiome biology. In our eyes, these articles are of an excellent quality and may be helpful both for casual readers and for specialists in the field
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9782889196586
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (209 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Research on the human bra ...
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9782889195206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Experts are persons who are very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area. The aim of this Research Topic is to advance knowledge in the understanding of the phenomenon of expertise by putting together different lines of research that directly or indirectly study expertise. Herbert Simon’s expertise studies initiated two lines of research. One is interested in elucidating the cognitive processes underlying expertise, and the other investigates how expertise develops. These lines of research started with studies comparing experts and novices in chess, and then they extended to numerous areas of expertise such as music, medical diagnosis, sports, arts and sciences. In the field of judgment and decision making researchers investigate the quality of judgments and decisions of experts in different professions (e.g., clinical psychologists, medical practitioners, judges, meteorologists, stock brokers). Those lines of research explicitly investigate the topic of expertise, but there are other research areas that make a substantial contribution to understanding expertise. Scholars in language acquisition and in face perception, for example, investigate cognitive processes and development of expertise in areas in which almost everyone becomes an expert. Furthermore, skill acquisition research informs in detail about short term cognitive changes that may be important to understand how expertise develops. We are interested in original research that advances knowledge in the understanding of decision making, cognitive processes and development of expertise in sports, intellectual games, arts, scientific disciplines and professions, as well as expertise in cognitive abilities such as perception, memory, attention, language and imagery. We are also interested in theoretical articles in any of these areas, articles that describe computational or mathematical models of expertise, and articles offering a framework that would guide expertise research. Articles that offer integrative approaches of some of the areas described above are strongly encouraged. The goal of this Research Topic is to produce a hallmark piece of work in the field of expertise, which complements and does not overlap with the “Neural implementations of expertise” Research Topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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  • 44
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    ISBN: 9782889196616
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Oceans include the greate ...
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  • 45
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    ISBN: 9782889195213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: It becomes increasingly clear that the basis of antibiotic resistance problem among bacterial pathogens is not confined to the borders of clinical microbiology but has broader ecological and evolutionary associations. This Research Topic “Role and prevalence of antibiosis and the related resistance genes in the environment” in Frontiers in Microbiology, section Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy, presents the examples of occurrence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the wide range of environments, from the grasslands of the Colombian Andes, to the dairy farms and small animal veterinary hospitals in the United Stated, and to the various environments of Continental Europe and Indochina. Besides, various genetic mechanisms and selection/co-selection factors contributing to the dissemination and maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes are presented. The topic is finalized by the mathematical modeling approach to access the probability of rare horizontal gene transfer events in bacterial populations
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9782889195190
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The advent of educational neuroscience, a transdisciplinary exercise emerging from cognitive neuroscience and educational psychology, is the examination of physiological processes that undermine, support, and enhance the capacities to learn and create. The physiological underpinnings of learning and creativity each impact human ability and performance and mediate the processes of becoming educated, expert, and valued. Evidence of learning provides support to an ongoing canon, process, system, field or domain, while evidence of creativity results in an elaboration or departure from an ongoing canon, process, system, field, or domain. Educational neuroscience extends a challenge to scholars from multiple contexts to engage in the characterization and exploration of human ability and performance in these realms. The role of context, both environmental and interoceptive, is an integral part of efforts in educational neuroscience and in theories of constructivist learning to contribute ecologically valid insight to the pragmatic processes of learning and creativity. Examination at this level of specificity is vital to our ability to educate and support human potential in the 21st century. This Research Topic examines the neural basis of cognitive states and processes that influence knowledge and skill acquisition tied to the demonstration of human ability and performance across individual differences and in multiple contexts including STEM learning and the arts
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  • 47
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    ISBN: 9782889196272
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty?
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  • 48
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    ISBN: 9782889197255
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (137 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Psychomotor symptoms are those symptoms that are characterized by deficits in the initiation, execution and monitoring of movements, such as psychomotor slowing, catatonia, neurological soft signs (NSS), reduction in motor activity or extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). These symptoms have not always received the attention they deserve although they can be observed in a wide range of psychiatric illnesses, including mood disorders, psychotic disorders, anxiety disorders, pervasive developmental disorders and personality disorders. Nevertheless, these symptoms seem to have prognostic value on clinical and functional outcome in several pathologies. In the late 19th century, the founding fathers of modern psychiatry (including Kahlbaum, Wernicke, Kraepelin and Bleuler) had a strong focus on psychomotor abnormalities in their description and definitions of psychiatric illnesses and systematically recognized these as core features of several psychiatric pathologies. Nevertheless, emphasis on these symptoms has reduced substantially since the emergence of psychopharmacology, given the association between antipsychotics or antidepressants and medication-induced motor deficits. This has resulted in the general idea that most if not all psychomotor deficits were merely side effects of their treatment rather than intrinsic features of the illness. Yet, the last two decades a renewed interest in these deficits can be observed and has yielded an exponential growth of research into these psychomotor symptoms in several psychiatric illnesses. This recent evolution is also reflected in the increased appreciation of these symptoms in the DSM-5. As a result of this increased focus, new insights into the clinical and demographical presentation, the etiology, the course, the prognostic value as well as treatment aspects of psychomotor symptomatology in different illnesses has emerged. Still, many new questions arise from these findings. This research topic is comprised of all types of contributions (original research, reviews, and opinion piece) with a focus on psychomotor symptomatology in a psychiatric illness, especially research focusing on one or more of the following topics: the clinical presentation of the psychomotor syndrome; the course through the illness; the diagnostical specificity of the syndrome; the underlying neurobiological or neuropsychological processes; new assessment techniques; pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment strategies
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  • 49
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    ISBN: 9782889196500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (217 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Multi-item surveys are frequently used to study scores on latent factors, like human values, attitudes and behavior. Such studies often include a comparison, between specific groups of individuals, either at one or multiple points in time. If such latent factor means are to be meaningfully compared, the measurement structures including the latent factor and their survey items should be stable across groups and/or over time, that is ‘invariant’. Recent developments in statistics have provided new analytical tools for assessing measurement invariance (MI). The aim of this special issue is to provide a forum for a discussion of MI, covering some crucial ‘themes’: (1) ways to assess and deal with measurement non-invariance; (2) Bayesian and IRT methods employing the concept of approximate measurement invariance; and (3) new or adjusted approaches for testing MI to fit increasingly complex statistical models and specific characteristics of survey data. The special issue started with a kick-off meeting where all potential contributors shared ideas on potential papers. This expert workshop was organized at Utrecht University in The Netherlands and was funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-VENI-451-11-008). After the kick-off meeting the authors submitted their papers, all of which were reviewed by experts in the field. The papers in the eBook are listed in alphabetical order, but in the editorial the papers are introduced thematically. Although it is impossible to cover all areas of relevant research in the field of MI, papers in this eBook provide insight on important aspects of measurement invariance. We hope that the discussions included in this special issue will stimulate further research on MI and facilitate further discussions to support the understanding of the role of MI in multi-item surveys
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9782889195831
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (201 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Researchers working in many fields of psychology and neuroscience are interested in the temporal structure of experience, as well as the experience of time, at scales of a few milliseconds up to a few seconds as well as days, months, years, and beyond. This Research Topic supposes that broadly speaking, the field of "time psychology" can be organized by distinguishing between "perceptual" and "conceptual" time-scales. Dealing with conceptual time: "mental time travel," also called mental simulation, self-projection, episodic-semantic memory, prospection/foresight, allows humans (and perhaps other animals) to imagine and plan events and experiences in their personal futures, based in large part on memories of their personal pasts, as well as general knowledge. Moreover, contents of human language and thought are fundamentally organized by a temporal dimension, enmeshed with it so thoroughly that it is usually expressible only through spatial metaphors. But what might such notions have to do with experienced durations of events lasting milliseconds up to a few seconds, during the so-called "present moment" of perception-action cycle time? This Research Topic is organized around the general premise that, by considering how mental time travel might "scale down" to time perception (and vice-versa, no less), progress and integrative synthesis within- and across- scientific domains might be facilitated. Bipolar configurations of future- and past-orientations of the self may be repeated in parallel across conceptual and perceptual time-scales, subsumed by a general "Janus-like" feedforward-feedback system for goal-pursuit. As an example, it is notable that the duality of "prospection" and semantic-episodic memory operating at conceptual time-scales has an analogue in perception-action cycle time, namely the interplay of anticipatory attention and working memory. Authors from all areas of psychology and neuroscience are encouraged to submit articles of any format accepted by the journal (Original Research, Methods, Hypothesis & Theory, Reviews, etc.), which might speak to questions about time and temporal phenomena at long and/or short time-scales
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    ISBN: 9782889195763
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    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The oral cavity harbors a ...
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  • 52
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    ISBN: 9782889196227
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Obesity and its co-morbidities, including atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and diabetes, are a world-wide epidemic. Inflammatory immune responses in metabolic tissues have emerged as a universal feature of these metabolic disorders. While initial work highlighted the contribution of macrophages to tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, recent studies demonstrate that cells of the adaptive immune compartment, including T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells also participate in obesity-induced pathogenesis of these conditions. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which the innate and adaptive branches of immunity control tissue and systemic metabolism remain poorly understood. To engage in growth and activation, cells need to increase their biomass and replicate their genome. This process presents a substantial bioenergetic challenge: growing and activated cells must increase ATP production and acquire or synthesize raw materials, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. To do so, they actively reprogram their intracellular metabolism from catabolic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and other anabolic pathways. This metabolic reprogramming is under the control of specific signal transduction pathways whose underlying molecular mechanisms and relevance to physiology and disease are subject of considerable current interest and under intense study. Recent reports have elucidated the physiological role of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage and T cell activation and differentiation, B- and dendritic cell biology, as well as in the crosstalk of immune cells with endothelial and stem cells. It is also becoming increasingly evident that alterations of metabolic pathways play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the scientific distance between immunologists and experts in metabolism (e.g., clinicians and biochemists), however, there has been limited cross-talk between these communities. This collection of articles aims at promoting such cross-talk and accelerating discoveries in the emerging field of immunometabolism
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  • 53
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    ISBN: 9782889195541
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The nasal cavity and the elements it comprises are lined by mucosa. This mucosa contains olfactory sensory neurons, which are organized into four different territories: main olfactory epithelium, septal organ, vomeronasal epithelium and ganglion of Grünemberg. From a morphological point of view, these territories could initially be considered as isolated olfactory subsystems, which - as a whole or independently - have been addressed in the contributions enclosed in this Topic
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  • 54
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    ISBN: 9782889194643
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The peroxisome is an organelle with essential roles in lipid metabolism, maintenance of reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and anaplerotic replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates destined for mitochondria. Peroxisomes constitute a dynamic endomembrane system. The homeostatic state of this system is upheld via two pathways for assembling and maintaining the diverse peroxisomal compartments constituting it; the relative contribution of each pathway to preserving such system may vary in different organisms and under various physiological conditions. One pathway begins with the targeting of certain peroxisomal membrane proteins to an endoplasmic reticulum template and their exit from the template via pre-peroxisomal carriers; these carriers mature into metabolically active peroxisomes containing the entire complement of membrane and matrix proteins. Another pathway operates via growth and maturation of pre-existing peroxisomal precursors that do not originate from the endoplasmic reticulum; mature peroxisomes proliferate by undergoing fission. Recent studies have uncovered new roles for the peroxisomal endomembrane system in orchestrating important developmental decisions and defining organismal longevity. This Frontiers Special Topic Issue is focused on the advances in our understanding of how evolutionarily distant organisms coordinate the formation, maturation, proliferation, maintenance, inheritance and quality control of the peroxisomal endomembrane system and how peroxisomal endomembranes communicate with other cellular compartments to orchestrate complex biological processes and various developmental programs from inside the cell
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9782889194865
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Odors are powerful stimuli that can evoke emotional states, and support learning and memory. Decades of research have indicated that the neural basis for this strong "odor-emotional memory" connection is due to the uniqueness of the anatomy of the olfactory pathways. Indeed, unlike the other sensory systems, the sense of smell does not pass through the thalamus to be routed to the cortex. Rather, odor information is relayed directly to the limbic system, a brain region typically associated with memory and emotional processes. This provides olfaction with a unique and potent power to influence mood, acquisition of new information, and use of information in many different contexts including social interactions. Indeed, olfaction is crucially involved in behaviors essential for survival of the individual and species, including identification of predators, recognition of individuals for procreation or social hierarchy, location of food, as well as attachment between mating pairs and infant-caretaker dyads. Importantly, odors are sampled through sniffing behavior. This active sensing plays an important role in exploratory behaviors observed in the different contexts mentioned above. Odors are also critical for learning and memory about events and places and constitute efficient retrieval cues for the recall of emotional episodic memories. This broad role for odors appears highly preserved across species. In addition, the consistent early developmental emergence of olfactory function across diverse species also provides a unique window of opportunity for analysis of myriad behavioral systems from rodents to nonhuman primates and humans. This, when combined with the relatively conserved organization of the olfactory system in mammals, provides a powerful framework to explore how complex behaviors can be modulated by odors to produce adaptive responses, and to investigate the underlying neural networks. The present research topic brings together cutting edge research on diverse species and developmental stages, highlighting convergence and divergence between humans and animals to facilitate translational research
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9782889194179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Background: Interacting w ...
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  • 57
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    ISBN: 9782889196678
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    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (231 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: There seems little doubt ...
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9782889194209
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: To what level are invisible stimuli processed by the brain in the absence of conscious awareness? It is widely accepted that simple visual properties of invisible stimuli are processed; however, the existence of higher-level unconscious processing (e.g., involving semantic or executive functions) remains a matter of debate. Several methodological factors may underlie the discrepancies found in the literature, such as different levels of conservativeness in the definition of “unconscious” or different dependent measures of unconscious processing. In this research topic, we are particularly interested in yet another factor: inherent differences in the amount of information let through by different suppression techniques. In the same conditions of well-controlled, conservatively established invisibility, can we show that some of the techniques in the “psychophysical magic” arsenal (e.g., masking, but also visual crowding, attentional blink, etc.) reliably lead to higher-level unconscious processing than others (e.g., interocular suppression)? Some authors have started investigating this question, using multiple techniques in similar settings . We argue that this approach should be extended and refined. Indeed, in order to delineate the frontiers of the unconscious mind using a contrastive method, one has to disentangle the limits attributable to unawareness itself, and those attributable to the technique inducing unawareness. The scope of this research topic is to provide a platform for scientists to contribute insights and further experiments addressing this fundamental question
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    ISBN: 9782889195244
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (479 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The iron element (Fe) is strictly required for the survival of most forms of life, including bacteria, plants and humans. Fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms for Fe absorption, mobilization and recycling operate to maintain Fe homeostasis, the disruption of which leads to Fe overload or Fe depletion. Whereas the deleterious effect of Fe deficiency relies on reduced oxygen transport and diminished activity of Fe-dependent enzymes, the cytotoxicity induced by Fe overload is due to the ability of this metal to act as a pro-oxidant and catalyze the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton chemistry. This results in unfettered oxidative stress generation that, by inducing protein, lipid and DNA oxidation, leads to Fe-mediated programmed cell death and organ dysfunction. Major and systemic Fe overloads occurring in hemochromatosis and Fe-loading anemias have been extensively studied. However, localized tissue Fe overload was recently associated to a variety of pathologies, such as infection, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. In keeping with the existence of cross-regulatory interactions between Fe homeostasis and the pathophysiology of these diseases, further investigations on the mechanisms that provide cellular and systemic adaptation to tissue Fe overload are instrumental for future therapeutic approaches. Thus, we encourage our colleagues to submit original research papers, reviews, perspectives, methods and technology reports to contribute their findings to a current state of the art on a comprehensive overview of the importance of iron metabolism in pathophysiologic conditions
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9782889197033
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In the early decades sinc ...
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9782889195022
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The aim of this Research ...
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9782889193691
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Microglia are largely known as the major orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response. As such, they have been traditionally studied in various contexts of disease, where their activation has been assumed to induce a wide range of detrimental effects. In the last few years, a series of discoveries have challenged the current view of microglia, showing their active and positive contribution to normal brain function. This Research Topic reviewed the novel physiological roles of microglia in the developing, mature and aging brain, under non-pathological conditions. In particular, this Research Topic discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which microglia contribute to the formation, pruning and plasticity of synapses; the regulation of adult neurogenesis as well as hippocampal learning and memory; among other important roles. Because these novel findings defy our understanding of microglial function in health as much as in disease, this Research Topic also summarized the current view of microglial nomenclature, phenotypes, origin and differentiation, and contribution to various brain pathologies. Additionally, novel imaging approaches and molecular tools to study microglia in their non-activated state have been discussed. In conclusion, this Research Topic sought to emphasize how the current research in neuroscience is challenged by never-resting microglia
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  • 63
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    ISBN: 9782889197194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Altered metabolism is known to be associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Diabetes type 2, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for the development of dementias, including AD. These metabolic diseases may have a genetic predisposition, but most of them are caused by environmental factors and life-style. Most research has focused on the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sweetened beverages that induce obesity. Importantly, a HFD can also trigger oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and cognitive decline. Less is known, however, about beneficial effects of diet on cognition, such as slowing the progression or preventing AD by ingesting whole fruits, vegetables, fish and oil. It is important to highlight the difference between vitamin/mineral supplements and whole food, as it appears that the former are clinically ineffective, while multiple ingredients in the latter act synergistically to improve cognition. As AD is a disease of slow progression, therapies should start several decades before clinical symptoms can be observed; one strategy can be the ingestion of healthy food in those subjects with one or more risk factors (genetic, environmental, life-style) already in their 40s, just when some brain metabolic disturbances start to develop. This dietary therapy can overcome the increased reactive oxygen species, protein deposition and synaptic failure, characteristic of AD. This research topic will cover a range of research articles, case studies, opinion and mini-reviews, all focused on describing the damaging effects of an industrial diet on cognition as well as on highlighting the beneficial effects of a healthy diet to prevent AD. We believe that we still have time to fight against the negative impact of our industrialized cultures, and adopt better eating habits, increase exercise and slow down our life style to prevent increasing dementia in the aging population. Also, all these topics has been a product of intensives investigations, with a great life hope, and we hope you all enjoy reading this e-book
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  • 64
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    ISBN: 9782889195305
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (161 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Developing novel and more effective treatments that improve quality of life for individuals with autism spectrum disorders is urgently needed. To date a wide range of behavioral interventions have been shown to be safe and effective for improving language and cognition and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with ASD. However many people with ASD can receive additional benefit from targeted pharmacological interventions. One of the major drawback in setting up therapeutics intervention is the remarkable individual differences found across individuals with ASD. As a matter of fact the medications that are currently available address only symptoms associated with ASD and not the core domains of social and communication dysfunction. The pathogenesis paradigm shift of ASD towards synaptic abnormalities moved the research to pathway to disease that involve multiple systems and that are becoming the forefront of ASD treatment and are pointing toward the development of new targeted treatments. Some new therapeutics have been tested and others are being studied. In this context single gene disorders frequently associated with ASD such as Rett Syndrome, Fragile X and Tuberous Sclerosis have been of significant aid as neurobiology of these disorders is more clear and has a potential to shed light on the altered signaling in ASD. However much research is needed to further understand the basic mechanisms of disease and the relationship to idiopathic ASD. Clinical trials in children are underway with agents directed to core symptoms and to the associated disorders in the search of new therapeutics and progress are expected with possible new option for therapeutics in ASD in the upcoming future. Children and Adolescents with ASD and their families can provide important information about their experience with new treatments and this should be a priority for future research. In addition, research performed on genetic mouse models of ASD will keep on providing useful information on the molecular pathways disrupted in the disease, thus contributing to identify novel drug targets
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9782889196142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Locomotion involves many ...
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  • 66
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    ISBN: 9782889193752
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Ethanol is a very elusive drug, which has mechanisms of action that are diverse and relatively non-selective. Moreover, ethanol has been demonstrated to be a biologically active substance by itself, but also a pro-drug of the neuroactive metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetate. Acetaldehyde has traditionally been known as a toxic substance with several effects on multiple systems. However, in the last few decades evidence has accumulated to reveal the specific and, in some instances, distinct neural actions of acetaldehyde and acetate that are in part responsible for some of the observed psychoactive effects of ethanol. The present issue will address these challenges to provide an up-to-date synopsis of the behavioral and neurophysiological impact of the two direct metabolites of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate. In doing so, this issue will present human and rodent evidence on their behavioral and neurophysiological impact, either when administered alone as drugs, or when metabolically-derived from their parent compound. Emphasis will be placed to stress the importance of the different enzymatic systems that intervene to produce these metabolites, either peripherally and/or directly in the brain. Similarly, this Research Topic will be aimed at addressing some of the possible mechanisms of action of acetaldehyde and acetate in different brain areas and in different intracellular systems. Furthermore, the issue will lay out some of the suggested mechanisms of action of ethanol and of its metabolites by which they form adducts with other molecules and neurotransmitters such as dopamine and opioids (which lead to salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, respectively), and their impact on the synthesis and actions of neuromodulators such as adenosine and the cannabinoid system
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  • 67
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    ISBN: 9782889194094
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (269 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Hemispatial neglect is the failure to report, respond to, or orient to novel or meaningful stimuli presented in the contralesional visual field. It constitutes one of the most invalidating neurological disorders that can occur after stroke. It is therefore important to treat neglect as adequate as possible and much of the research dedicated to neglect therefore focuses on rehabilitation. In this special topic, you will find 29 articles on the rehabilitation of neglect. This Research Topic has opened new perspectives, and has given us an indication of where the field is going. Although some of the current rehabilitation techniques have proven to be beneficial, there is limited agreement on the most valuable technique or the mechanisms underlying the ameliorating effects
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  • 68
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    ISBN: 9782889193929
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In the history of neuroscience it had long been a virtually axiomatic belief that the mature mammalian nervous system was hardwired and fixed. This view goes back to the work of Louis Broca in the 1850s and has been perhaps most famously articulated by Ramon y Cajal. The immature nervous system was thought to have considerable plasticity, but after maturity the CNS was not considered to be capable of repairing itself after damage. In the last two decades, however, persuasive evidence has been accumulating at an increasing rate that the plasticity of the nervous system persists throughout the lifespan. Beginning 14 years ago, an efficacious form of neurorehabilitation termed Constraint-Induced Movement therapy or CI therapy was shown to produce marked neuroplastic changes in the brain. It has been proposed that CI therapy harnesses neuroplasticity in the service of restoring motor and language function lost as a result of such injuries to the central nervous system as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebral palsy. The proposed journal issue will include articles by the main investigators involved in the development of this body of research. There will also be articles on the role of neurogenesis in the recovery of function after CNS damage encouraged by the stimulation of endogenous stem cell production, exogenous stem cell implantation, and pharmacological means. There will also be two articles describing the work carried out to date on the use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TDCS) to increase the excitability of the brain in order to enhance the recovery of function after stroke
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  • 69
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    ISBN: 9782889195893
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Neurological and psychiatric disorders can occur in endocrine diseases either in the setting of the clinical manifestations of the same (i.e., hyper- or hyposecretion of hormones or peptides from the endocrine glands) or as events secondary to the pathogenetic mechanisms of the endocrinopathy (i.e., autommunity affecting endocrine glands and the brain). Also the medical or surgical treatment of the endocrine disease can sometimes determine the occurrence of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities. Moreover some genetic alterations can lead to syndromes affecting both the endocrine and the nervous system with a variety of possible manifestations. In the last couple of decades a number of associations between dysfunctions of the endocrine system and neurological or psychiatric manifestations have appeared and only in the minority of the cases this link has been fully elucidated. Often the neurological or psychiatric alterations still represent a relevant challenge for clinicians with regard to the management of the patients. The complexity of the topic and the limited availability of laboratory research models for the study of the endocrine system-nervous system cross-interaction are making the scientific progresses intricate and, sometimes, slow. A dedicated focus to such broad and often still obscure topic might help and clarify the current state-of-the-art in the field and direct the goals of future research
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  • 70
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    ISBN: 9782889193295
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The advent of behavior-independent measures of cognition and major progress in experimental designs have led to substantial advances in the investigation of infant language learning mechanisms. Research in the last two decades has shown that infants are very efficient users of perceptual and statistical cues in order to extract linguistic units and regular patterns from the speech input. This has lent support for learning-based accounts of language acquisition that challenge traditional nativist views. Still, there are many open questions with respect to when and how specific patterns can be learned and the relevance of different types of input cues. For example, first steps have been made to identify the neural mechanisms supporting on-line extraction of words and statistical regularities from speech. Here, the temporal cortex seems to be a major player. How this region works in concert with other brain areas in order to detect and store new linguistic units is a question of broad interest. In this Research Topic of Frontiers in Language Sciences, we bring together experimental and review papers across linguistic domains, ranging from phonology to syntax that address on-line language learning in infancy. Specifically, we focused on papers that explore one of the following or related questions: How and when do infants start to segment linguistic units from the speech input and discover the regularities according to which they are related to each other? What is the role of different linguistic cues during these acquisition stages and how do different kinds of information interact? How are these processes reflected in children’s behavior, how are they represented in the brain and how do they unfold in time? What are the characteristics of the acquired representations as they are established, consolidated and stored in long-term memory? By bringing together behavioral and neurophysiological evidence on language learning mechanisms, we aim to contribute to a more complete picture of the expeditious and highly efficient early stages of language acquisition and their neural implementation
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9782889196555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Binocular vision is achie ...
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9782889196296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Successful containment of an infection is dependent on both innate and adaptive immune response. Cytokines are essential effectors of both of these systems. In particular, type I interferons (IFN-I) are important components of early innate immunity against an infection. However, the production of IFN-I could serve as a double edge sword, either containing an infection or enhancing susceptibility. For example, IFN-I, which is essential for early containment of viral infections, has been shown to be detrimental to the host during bacterial infections. In fact, recent significant reports have shown that influenza virus induced IFN-I responses can enhance the host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. These recent reports highlight the expanding immunoregulatory role of IFN-I in the host immunity. With these recent findings in mind, the aim of this research topic is to welcome novel data, opinion and literature reviews on the newly identified dual functions of IFN-I. This research topic wills focus on the following areas of IFN-I: 1) a detrimental role of IFN-I during primary bacterial infection; 2) a detrimental role of viral infection induced IFN-I during secondary bacterial infections; 3) evolutionary pressure that drove detrimental IFN-I response during primary bacterial infection; and 4) does benefit of IFN-I responses during primary viral infections outweigh the adverse consequences of IFN-I mediated enhanced susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections
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  • 73
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    ISBN: 9782889195077
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9782889193899
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: How does the motor cortex enable mammals to generate accurate, complex, and purposeful movements? A cubic millimeter of motor cortex contains roughly ~10^5 cells, an amazing ~4 Km of axons and ~0.4 Km of dendrites, somehow wired together with ~10^9 synapses. Corticospinal neurons (a.k.a. Betz cells, upper motor neurons) are a key cell type, monosynaptically conveying the output of the cortical circuit to the spinal cord circuits and lower motor neurons. But corticospinal neurons are greatly outnumbered by all the other kinds of neurons in motor cortex, which presumably also contribute crucially to the computational operations carried out for planning, executing, and guiding actions. Determining the wiring patterns, the dynamics of signaling, and how these relate to movement at the level of specific excitatory and inhibitory cell types is critically important for a mechanistic understanding of the input-output organization of motor cortex. While there is a predictive microcircuit hypothesis that relates motor learning to the operation of the cerebellar cortex, we lack such a microcircuit understanding in motor cortex and we consider microcircuits as a central research topic in the field. This Research Topic covers any issues relating to the microcircuit-level analysis of motor cortex. Contributions are welcomed from neuroscientists at all levels of investigation, from in vivo physiology and imaging in humans and monkeys, to rodent models, in vitro anatomy, electrophysiology, electroanatomy, cellular imaging, molecular biology, disease models, computational modeling, and more
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9782889194582
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This research topic focuses on epigenetic components of PTSD. Epigenetic mechanisms are a class of molecular mechanisms by which environmental influences, including stress, can interact with the genome to have long-term consequences for brain plasticity and behavior. Articles herein include empirical reports and reviews that link stress and trauma with epigenetic alterations in humans and animal models of early- or later-life stress. Themes present throughout the collection include: DNA methylation is a useful biomarker of stress and treatment outcome in humans; epigenetic programming of stress-sensitive physiological systems early in development confers an enhanced risk on disease development upon re-exposure to trauma or stress; and, long-lived fear memories are associated with epigenetic alterations in fear memory and extinction brain circuitry
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9782889192878
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Transcranial direct curre ...
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  • 77
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    ISBN: 9782889195565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Schistosomes are human parasites distributed worldwide in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes, especially in developing countries and impoverished regions. These neglected tropical disease (NTD) pathogens causes debilitating illnesses, which include hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis, haemorrhagic necrotic ulcerations in the intestinal mucosa, urogenital tract diseases, in addition to cardiopulmonary, renal and neurologic lesions due to egg accumulation in the liver, intestines, uro-genital tissues and other sites. Urogenital schistosomiasis is a risk factor for bladder cancer and increases the risk of transmission of HIV infection. Despite extensive effort to control this NTD over the years, deployment on a considerable scale of commercially available drugs in endemic populations has induced the emergence of resistant isolates and raised the need to identify new targets for alternative therapies. Because of the availability of genomes of the three major species of human schistosomiasis, and through advances in functional genomics and live imaging, studies on schistosomes have now come into focus as models to investigate adaptations to parasitism and developmental biology of trematodes and cestodes, and indeed flatworms and Lophotrochozoans, at large. This Research Topic aims at gathering state-of-art essays on schistosome genetics, genetics, pathobiology and immunobiology. It also aims to highlight advances in understanding of the host-parasite relationship, in paradigms that address this NTD, and to discuss new perspectives and advances in chemotherapy and immunoprophylaxis
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  • 78
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    ISBN: 9782889194933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Phage biology is one of the most significant and fundamental aspects of biological research and is often used as a platform for model studies relating to more complex biological entities. For this reason, phage biology has enjoyed focused attention and significant advances have been made in the areas of phage genomics, transcriptomics and the development and characterisation of phage-resistance mechanisms. In recent years, considerable research has been performed to increase our understanding of the interactions of these phages with their hosts using genomic, biochemical and structural approaches. Such multidisciplinary approaches are core to developing a full understanding of the processes that govern phage infection, information that may be harnessed to develop anti-phage strategies that may be applied in food fermentations or applied in a positive sense in phage therapy applications. The co-evolutionary processes of these phages and their hosts have also been a considerable focus of research in recent years. Such data has promoted a deeper understanding of the means by which these phages attach to and infect their hosts and permitted the development of effective anti-phage strategies. Furthermore, the presence and activity of host-encoded phage-resistance systems that operate at various stages of the phage cycle and the potential for the application of such systems consolidates the value of research in this area. Conversely, phages and their components have been applied as therapeutic agents against a number of pathogens including, among others, Clostridium difficile, Lactococcus garviae, Mycobacterium spp., Listeria spp. and the possibilities and limitations of these systems will be explored in this topic. Additionally, phage therapeutic approaches have been applied to the prevention of development of food spoilage organisms in the brewing and beverage sectors and exhonorate the positive applications of phages in the industrial setting. This research topic is aimed to address the most current issues as well as the most recent advances in the research of phages infecting Gram-positive bacteria covering areas such as phages in food fermentations, their impact in industry, phage ecology, genomics, evolution, structural analysis, phage-host interactions and the application of phages and components thereof as therapeutic agents against human and animal pathogens
    Note: English
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9782889194728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Excessive alcohol drinking represents a major social and public health problem for several countries. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy leads to a complex syndrome referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), chiefly characterized by mental retardation. The effects of early exposure to ethanol can be reproduced in laboratory animals and this helped to answer several key questions concerning the human pathology. The interest of experimental models of FASD is twofold. First, they increase our knowledge about the dose and modality of alcohol consumption able to induce damaging effects on the developing brain. Second, experimental models of FASD can provide useful hints to elucidate the basic mechanisms leading to the intellectual disability. In fact, experimental exposure to alcohol can be carried out during discrete, often very restricted, time windows. As a consequence, FASD models, though depending on the multifaceted interference of alcohol with several molecular pathways, can provide valuable information about which specific developmental periods and brain areas are critically involved in the genesis of mental retardation. Putting together data obtained through several experimental paradigms of alcohol exposure and those deriving from other genetic and non-genetic models, one can figure out to what extent different types of mental retardation share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The present Research Topic is aimed at establishing the state of the art of the current research on experimental FASD, focusing on differences and homologies with other types of intellectual disability. The ultimate goal is to find out a common roadmap in view of future therapeutical approaches
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  • 80
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    ISBN: 9782889195176
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Food craving refers to an intense desire or urge to consume a specific food. In Western or Westernized societies, these craved foods usually have high palatability and are energy dense, that is, they have high sugar and/or fat content. Accordingly, the most often craved food is chocolate. Food craving is a multidimensional experience as it includes cognitive (e.g. thinking about food), emotional (e.g. desire to eat or changes in mood), behavioral (e.g. seeking and consuming food), and physiological (e.g. salivation) aspects. Experiences of food craving are common, that is, they do not reflect abnormal eating behavior per se. However, very intense and frequent food craving experiences are associated with obesity and eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The aim of this research topic was to gather new contributions to a variety of aspects of food craving, which include its assessment, cognitive and emotional triggers, moderators, and correlates of food craving, and the relevance of food cravings in clinical issues, among others
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9782889194629
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Habituation describes the ...
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9782889196265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that the cerebellum subserves functions beyond the sensorimotor realm. This possibility has received considerable attention during the past quarter century, with recent findings revealing putative cerebellar roles in cognition, emotion and spatial navigation. These functions are potentially underpinned by the behaviour-dependent formation of functional networks in which the cerebellum forms one node of distributed circuits spanning thalamic, limbic and neocortical regions. However, these views are not universally accepted. Therefore, the over-arching aim of this Research Topic was to provide a forum through which the debate on the role of cerebellar interactions with motor and "non-motor" structures can be pursued in a rigorous manner. In particular, we aimed to bring together findings from the clinical, animal, theoretical and neuroimaging fields
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  • 83
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    ISBN: 9782889194667
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Most decisions in life are based on incomplete information and have uncertain consequences. To successfully cope with real-life situations, the nervous system has to estimate, represent and eventually resolve uncertainty at various levels. A common tradeoff in such decisions involves those between the magnitude of the expected rewards and the uncertainty of obtaining the rewards. For instance, a decision maker may choose to forgo the high expected rewards of investing in the stock market and settle instead for the lower expected reward and much less uncertainty of a savings account. Little is known about how different forms of uncertainty, such as risk or ambiguity, are processed and learned about and how they are integrated with expected rewards and individual preferences throughout the decision making process. With this Research Topic we aim to provide a deeper and more detailed understanding of the processes behind decision making under uncertainty
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9782889196685
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (123 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This introduction just aims to be a fast foreword to the special topic now turned into an e-book. The Editorial "Decision-Making Experiments under a Philosophical Analysis: Human Choice as a Challenge for Neuroscience" alongside with my opinion article "Neurophilosophical considerations on decision making: Pushing-up the frontiers without disregarding their foundations" play the real role of considering in more details the articles and the whole purpose of this e-book. What I must highlight in this foreword is that our intention with such a project was to deepen into the very foundations of our current paradigms in decision neuroscience and to philosophically moot its foundations and repercussions. Normal Science (a term coined by Philosopher Thomas Kuhn) works under a research consensus among a scientific community: A shared paradigm, consolidated methods, widespread convictions. Pragmatically, winning formulas must be kept, although, not at any cost. What differentiates a gifted and revolutionary scientist from a more bureaucratic colleague is the capacity and willingness of constantly reevaluating, depurating and refining his/her own paradigm. That is best strategy to avoid that a paradigm itself would gradually come under challenge. In my view, some achievements, in this sense, were brought about in our project. The e-book will be inspiring and informative for both neuroscientists that are concerned with the very foundations of their works and for philosophers that are not blind to empirical evidence. Kant once said: “Thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind”. Paraphrasing Kant we could say: Philosophy without science is empty, science without philosophy is blind
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  • 85
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    ISBN: 9782889194025
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Current pharmacotherapies and surgical intervention provide limited benefit in the treatment of neural injuries or halting disease progression and has resulted in significant hope for the successes of stem cell research. The properties of stem cells render them appropriate for cell replacement therapy, endogenous repair, disease modeling as well as high-throughput drug screening and development. Such applications will aide in increasing our knowledge and developing treatments for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s diseases as well as neural traumas including ischemic brain damage and traumatic brain injury. This Frontiers Research topic encouraged contributions from the general field of stem cell biology, with a particular emphasis on utilizing these cells to develop new therapies for neural repair. Related articles deal with issues such as: breakthroughs in stem cell proliferation/differentiation methodologies, using pluripotent and neural stem cells for transplantation and endogenous repair, the use of patient derived stem cells for disease modeling, using stem cells for drug discovery as well as the ethical issues related to the use of stem cells
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9782889195039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (139 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Since 2003, when spontaneous activity in cortical slices was first found to follow scale-free statistical distributions in size and duration, increasing experimental evidences and theoretical models have been reported in the literature supporting the emergence of evidence of scale invariance in the cortex. Although strongly debated, such results refer to many different in vitro and in vivo preparations (awake monkeys, anesthetized rats and cats, in vitro slices and dissociated cultures), suggesting that power law distributions and scale free correlations are a very general and robust feature of cortical activity that has been conserved across species as specific substrate for information storage, transmission and processing. Equally important is that the features reminiscent of scale invariance and criticality are observed at scale spanning from the level of interacting arrays of neurons all the way up to correlations across the entire brain. Thus, if we accept that the brain operates near a critical point, little is known about the causes and/or consequences of a loss of criticality and its relation with brain diseases (e.g. epilepsy). The study of how pathogenetical mechanisms are related to the critical/non-critical behavior of neuronal networks would likely provide new insights into the cellular and synaptic determinants of the emergence of critical-like dynamics and structures in neural systems. At the same time, the relation between the impaired behavior and the disruption of criticality would help clarify its role in normal brain function. The main objective of this Research Topic is to investigate the emergence/disruption of the emergent critical-like states in healthy/impaired neural systems
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9782889196333
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Across species, humans have an unsurpassed capacity for creative thought and innovation. Human creativity is at the roots of extraordinary achievements in the arts and sciences, and enables individuals and their groups to adapt flexibly to changing circumstances, to manage complex social relations, and to survive and prosper through social, technological, and medical innovations. The ability to generate novel and potentially useful ideas and problem solutions (viz., creativity) is a key driver of human evolution, and among the most valued and sought after competencies in contemporary societies that struggle with complex problems and compete for technological and economic supremacy. Because creativity provides fitness functionality in both ancestral and contemporary societies, it stands to reason that (i) the human brain evolved to sustain and promote creative thinking and we should be able to identify (ii) the brain circuitries, genetic drivers, and neurohormonal modulators of the human capacity for creative problem solving and original ideation; and (iii) the core cognitive and emotional processes underlying creative thought. In this Research Topic, we bring together a collection of papers to provide an encyclopedic, open access snapshot of the current state of the art on the neural, cognitive, and emotional correlates of creativity
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9782889195725
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: When Ehrlich discovered the first evidence of the blood-brain barrier in 1885, he probably did not perceive the Great Wall that remained hidden from consciousness inside the central nervous system. Ehrlich had observed that acidic vital dyes did not stain the brain if they were injected into the blood stream. A century ago (1913), Goldman showed that the injection of trypan blue in the cerebrospinal fluid stained only the brain, but not the other organs. For almost a century it was thought that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) consisted in a physical barrier, resulting from the restricted permeability of the cerebral endothelial cell layer, as they are joined by tight junctions. However, as scientists are always looking for news in what is already discovered, in the end of the 20th century we had evidences that cerebral endothelial and glial cells express several drug metabolizing enzymes consisting in a second protection system: a metabolic barrier. Furthermore, the drugs and their metabolites must overcome the activity of several multidrug resistance proteins that function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps, consisting in the third line of defence: the active barrier. Therefore, the way the BBB actually works should be better explained. Several endogenous compounds, as well as xenobiotics, may be activated by enzymes of the metabolic barrier, generating reactive oxygen species that could damage neurons. Therefore, endothelial and glial cells possess endogenous protecting compounds and enzymes against oxidants, consisting in an antioxidant barrier. When all these systems fail, glial cells, mainly microglia, secrete cytokines in an attempt to crosstalk with defence cells asking for help, which consists in an immune barrier. In cerebral regions that are devoid of the physical barrier, such as circumventricular organs, the metabolic, active, antioxidant and immune barriers are reinforced. It is important to understand how cells involved in the BBB interact with one another and the dynamic mechanisms of their functions. This Research Topic published in this e-Book considers recent highlights in BBB structure, cell and molecular biology, biotransformation, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, immunology and how these basic knowledges can be applied in drug discovery and clinical researches, rewriting what is already written, and paving the way that goes to the Great Wall in the Frontiers of the Brain in this new century that is just beginning
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9782889195084
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (161 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Have you ever heard of a ...
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  • 90
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    ISBN: 9782889197293 , 9782889197309
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The discovery, twelve yea ...
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9782889196807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This Research Topic covers the pathogenetic processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that underpin the translation of genetic vulnerability to clinically significant symptoms. Available research data in ASD suggests that it is a neural connectivity disorder and that the social communication and related neurobehavioural symptoms result from reduced synchronization between key _social brain_ regions. These interconnected neural systems can be understood through the relationship between functionally relevant anatomic areas and neurochemical pathways, the programming of which are genetically modulated during neurodevelopment and mediated through a range of epigenetic and environmental modulators. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms can provide an invaluable window for understanding the neural wiring that regulates higher brain functions and consequent clinical phenotypes. In keeping with the multi modal and diverse origins of ASD, this Research Topic explores the genetic underpinnings and environmental modulation in the aetiology; neural substrates, biomarkers and endophenotypes that underlie clinical characteristics; as well as neurochemical pathways and pathophysiological mechanisms that pave the way for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, since genetically mediated deficits and consequent functional impairments involve activity-dependent synapse development that depends on postnatal learning and experience, the trajectory towards the final clinical expression could be modulated by early interventions that exploit the neuronal maturation and brain plasticity. However, identifying these diverse pathogenetic processes and tailoring interventions would require subtyping ASD into homogeneous subgroups. In this regard, this topic covers the current state of evidence in the literature through topic reviews as well as ongoing original work that provides tangible hypotheses and directions for future research
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  • 92
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    ISBN: 9782889194308
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Arrest chemokines are a small group of chemokines that promote leukocyte arrest from rolling by triggering rapid integrin activation. Arrest chemokines have been described for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, naïve lymphocytes and effector memory T cells. Most arrest chemokines are immobilized on the endothelial surface by binding to heparin sulfate proteoglycans. Whether soluble chemokines can promote integrin activation and arrest is controversial (Alon-Gerszten). Many aspects of the signaling pathway from the GPCR chemokine receptor to integrin activation are the subject of active investigation. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency III is a human disease in which chemokine-triggered integrin activation is defective because of a mutation in the cytoskeletal protein kindlin-3. About 10 different such mutations have been described. The defects seen in patients with LAD-III elucidate the importance of rapid integrin activation for host defense in humans. We welcome reports that help clarifying this crucial first step in the process of leukocyte transendothelial migration
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9782889195473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Contrasting conditions with and without conscious experience has served consciousness research well. However, research based on this simple contrast has led to controversies about the neural basis of conscious experience. One key reason for these ongoing debates seems to be that the simple contrast between conditions with and without consciousness is not specific for unraveling the neural basis of conscious experience, but rather also leads to other processes that precede or follow it. Acknowledging this methodological problem implies that some of the previous research findings about the neural underpinnings of conscious experience are actually reflecting the prerequisites and consequences rather than the direct correlates of conscious perception. Thus, it is required to re-evaluate the previous results to find out which of them are telling us anything about the neural basis of consciousness. But first and foremost, to overcome this methodological problem we need new experimental paradigms that go beyond the simple contrastive analysis or find the ways how some older but well forgotten paradigms may foster a new look at this emerging problem. Accordingly, this research topic is looking for empirical and theoretical contributions that: 1) envision new and suitable experimental approaches to study consciousness that are free from the limitations of the simple contrastive analysis; 2) provide empirical data that help to separate the neural correlates of conscious experience from the prerequisites and consequences of it; 3) help to re-assess previous research findings about the neural correlates of conscious perception in the light of the methodological problems with the traditional contrastive analysis. We hope that the theoretical insights and experimental approaches collected within this Research Topic help us to gain a more refined understanding of the neural basis of conscious experience
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  • 94
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    ISBN: 9782889195237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Attachment theory, assessment and research offers a broad, far-reaching view of human functioning, and it can enrich a psychologist's understanding of subjects and their relational adjustment, both in clinical and non-clinical settings. Ongoing research in attachment has led to a number of individual treatments and prevention and intervention programs. The assessment of an individual's attachment organization, can play a crucial role in explaining and previewing the unfolding treatment, the relational adjustments or concerns, and the psychological well-being. We hope to receive empirical papers that give evidence for the usefulness of attachment assessment in both clinical (e.g., patients with Eating Disorder; or Axis-II; psychotherapy patients…) or not clinical population (e.g. Adoptive and/or foster families or couples, Mother-infant assessment in prevention field…). These papers should include methodological issues and information about the participants, the methods used to assess attachment, the process of scorer training and the availability of the manual used to obtain inter-scorer reliability. Case studies may be of interest to the extent that they demonstrate the value of a systematic approach to attachment material. A range of theoretical perspectives is welcome as well presentation of new emergent tools on attachment. Because Frontiers in Psychology is an international journal, each empirical paper should comment on the international implications of the findings and discuss its cross-cultural use. Such comments may include, for example, its linguistic specificity, its robustness in translation, and the cross-cultural generalizability of the constructs and behaviors of the measure and its usual correlates. Cross-cultural generalizability is not, however, a requirement
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9782889196074
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: There is extensive eviden ...
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9782889196234
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The gaseous molecule ethylene (C2H4), which is small in size and simple in structure, is a plant hormone most often associated with fruit ripening yet has a diversity of effects throughout the plant life cycle. While its agricultural effects were known even in ancient Egypt, the complexity of its mode of action and the broad spectrum of its effects and potential uses in plant physiology remain important scientific challenges today. In the last few decades, the biochemical pathway of ethylene production has been uncovered, ethylene perception and signaling have been molecularly dissected, ethylene-responsive transcription factors have been identified and numerous effects of ethylene have been described, ranging from water stress, development, senescence, reproduction plant-pathogen interactions, and of course, ripening. Thus ethylene is involved in plant development, in biotic and abiotic stress, and in reproduction. There is no stage in plant life that is not affected by ethylene, modulated by a complex and fascinating molecular machinery
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  • 97
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    ISBN: 9782889195350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, more than 40 million people in the world are affected with dementia. To date, 60-70% of the cases of dementia are attributed to the Alzheimer's disease (AD). This neurodegenerative disorder gradually takes place over a period of at least 20 years before the onset of symptoms, which are impaired memory, apathy and depression. The characteristics of AD consist in neurofibrillary tangles (intraneuronal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins) and senile plaques (dense extraneuronal deposits composed of amyloid ß (Aß)). The other features linked to these two core pathological hallmarks of AD are inflammation, oxidative stress, progressive synaptic and neuronal loss. In past years, some of the emerging therapeutic strategies against AD were employed to deal with the pathological hallmarks of the disease. Science teams all over the world try to restore the tau phosphorylation equilibrium. Their purpose is to interfere with the aggregation of tau and decrease its amount of proteins per se as well. Furthermore, they are trying either to stimulate the elimination processes of the aggregated tau proteins or to stop the formation of Aß peptides. This could be reached by the stimulation of the classic techniques of protein degradation such as the autophagic pathway, or by the targeted immunotherapy. In this Research Topic, we wish to summarize and review the etiology of AD and the related therapeutic opportunities for the next decades. To fully understand the precise mechanisms underlying AD, research findings, reviews, new insights and new approaches include AD and related tauopathies, tau phosphorylation balance, pharmacological compounds against AD, neuroprotection strategies and new therapeutic ways but also risk factors for AD and AD genetic information are included in this issue
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  • 98
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    ISBN: 9782889196753
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The seed plays a fundamental role in plant reproduction as well as a key source of energy, nutrients and raw materials for developing and sustaining humanity. With an expanding and generally more affluent world population projected to reach nine billion by mid-century, coupled to diminishing availability of inputs, agriculture is facing increasing challenges to ensure sufficient grain production. A deeper understanding of seed development, evolution and physiology will undoubtedly provide a fundamental basis to improve plant breeding practices and ultimately crop yields. Recent advances in genetic, biochemical, molecular and physiological research, mostly brought about by the deployment of novel high-throughput and high-sensitivity technologies, have begun to uncover and connect the molecular networks that control and integrate different aspects of seed development and help determine the economic value of grain crops with unprecedented details. The objective of this e-book is to provide a compilation of original research articles, reviews, hypotheses and perspectives that have recently been published in Frontiers in Plant Science, Plant Evolution and Development as part of the Research Topic entitled "Advances in Seed Biology". Editing this Research Topic has been an extremely interesting, educational and rewarding experience, and we sincerely thank all authors who contributed their expertise and in-depth knowledge of the different topics discussed. We hope that the information presented here will help to establish the state of the art of this field and will convey how exciting and important studying seeds is and hopefully will stimulate a new crop of scientists devoted to investigating the biology of seeds
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9782889195749
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The broad host range pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been widely studied as a model system to understand horizontal gene flow, secretion of effector proteins into host cells, and plant-pathogen interactions. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation also is the major method for generating transgenic plants for research and biotechnology purposes. Agrobacterium species have the natural ability to conduct interkingdom genetic transfer from bacteria to eukaryotes, including most plant species, yeast, fungi, and even animal cells. In nature, A. tumefaciens causes crown gall disease resulting from expression in plants of auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis genes encoded by the transferred (T-) DNA. Gene transfer from A. tumefaciens to host cells requires virulence (vir) genes that reside on the resident tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid. In addition to T-DNA, several Virulence (Vir) effector proteins are also translocated to host cells through a bacterial type IV secretion system. These proteins aid in T-DNA trafficking through the host cell cytoplasm, nuclear targeting, and T-DNA integration. Genes within native T-DNAs can be replaced by any gene of interest, making Agrobacterium species important tools for plant research and genetic engineering. In this research topic, we provided updated information on several important areas of Agrobacterium biology and its use for biotechnology purposes
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  • 100
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    ISBN: 9782889193981
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases pose an enormous clinical challenge, remaining the most common cause of death in the world. ß-adrenoceptors play an important role on cardiac, vascular and/or endothelial function at a cellular level with relevant applications in several cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure and hypertension. G protein– coupled receptors (GPCRs), including ß-adrenergic receptors, constitute the most ubiquitous superfamily of plasma membrane receptors and represent the single most important type of therapeutic drug target. Sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, which characterizes several cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure and hypertension, as well as physiological ageing, has been proved to exert in the long-term detrimental effects in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Acutely, sympathetic hyperactivity represents the response to an insult to the myocardium, aiming to compensate for decreased cardiac output. This process involves the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors by catecholamine with consequent heart rate and cardiac contractility increase. However, long-term exposure of the heart to elevated norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, originating from sympathetic nerve endings and chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland, results in further progressive deterioration in cardiac structure and function. At the molecular level, sustained sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity is responsible for several alterations including altered beta-adrenergic receptor signaling and function (down-regulation/ desensitization). Moreover, the detrimental effects of catecholamine affect also the function of different cell types including, but not limited to, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Thus, the success of beta-blocker therapy is due, at least in part, to the protection of the heart and the vasculature from the noxious effects of augmented catecholamine levels. The research topic aimed to support the progress towards understanding the role of sympathetic nervous system under physiological conditions, and the contribution of its hyperactivity in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases
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