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  • 1
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 2012 -
    DDC: 380
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Migration ; Minderheit
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789264173224
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD e-Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reaping the benefits of ICTs in Spain
    Keywords: E-Government ; Telekommunikation ; Spanien ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Spain ; Spanien ; E-Government ; Papierloses Büro ; Telekommunikationsnetz
    Abstract: This study examines the Spanish Information Society strategy plan Avanza 2. Upon request from Spain, focus has been on two selected perspectives corresponding to overall objectives of the Plan Avanza 2: Improving the communication infrastructures and achieving a paperless administration. The e-government section on a paperless administration is grounded in the two areas of e-taxation and e-justice. Thus the study is not a comprehensive review of Plan Avanza 2 – only of selected parts.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264192102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Guernsey
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review for Guernsey, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264202597
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Bermuda
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review for Bermuda, as well as a revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264191761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Review of Agricultural Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies; Kazakhstan 2013; (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of agricultural policies
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Kasachstan ; Agriculture and Food ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Agrarpolitik
    Abstract: This Review, undertaken in close co-operation with the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan and conducted within the framework of the OECD Eurasia Competitiveness Programme, assesses the performance of agriculture in Kazakhstan over the last two decades. It evaluates agricultural policy reforms in Kazakhstan and provides recommendations to address key challenges in the future. This analysis is based on the approach that agriculture policy should be evidence-based and designed to support productivity, competitiveness and sustainable development, while avoiding unnecessary distortions to production decisions and to trade. A special chapter of the Review highlights the constraints to farm incomes that exist beyond the farm gate and related policy issues.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Succeeding with trade reforms
    Keywords: Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Außenhandel ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Uganda ; Aserbaidschan ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Succeeding with Trade Reforms: The Role of Aid for Trade highlights the potential of aid for trade to boost economic growth and reduce poverty, while discussing the various reasons why it may not be realised. In so doing, this book draws lessons for the design of aid-for-trade projects and programmes and for increasing their effectiveness. Building on this analysis, the book also quantifies the binding constraints to trade in developing countries and the importance of complementary and compatible policies (such as education, governance, business environment and macroeconomic stability) to maximise the impact of trade reforms on trade and economic growth.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098282
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (135 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews; United States 2011
    Keywords: Development ; United States
    Abstract: Tous les quatre ans, l’action de chacun des 24 membres du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) - auprès duquel la Banque mondiale, le FMI et le PNUD sont aussi présents en qualité d’observateurs - est examinée en détail par ses pairs au sein du Comité. Cinq pays membres sont soumis chaque année à un examen par les pairs. Le but de cet exercice est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les politiques, les stratégies et les activités de développement du pays examiné sont conformes aux normes élaborées par le CAD. Les autres membres formulent des critiques constructives et des recommandations en s’appuyant sur un rapport qui traite de la politique suivie en matière d’aide, du volume de celle-ci, des institutions qui en sont responsables et des activités menées dans ce domaine sur le terrain. Aucune sanction n’est prise si le pays considéré ne tient pas compte des recommandations. L’examen est destiné à encourager la réalisation de changements utiles, à favoriser l’échange de connaissances et à améliorer l’efficacité globale de l’aide dispensée par l’ensemble de la communauté des donneurs.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264192027
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Schweden ; Taxation ; Sweden
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264206236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Philippines
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for the Philippines. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264205680
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Iceland
    Abstract: This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of Iceland, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201835
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews; European Union 2012
    Keywords: Development ; European Union
    Abstract: Tous les quatre ans, l’action de chacun des 24 membres du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) - auprès duquel la Banque mondiale, le FMI et le PNUD sont aussi présents en qualité d’observateurs - est examinée en détail par ses pairs au sein du Comité. Cinq pays membres sont soumis chaque année à un examen par les pairs. Ce rapport détermine dans quelle mesure les politiques, les stratégies et les activités de développement de l'Union européenne sont conformes aux normes élaborées par le CAD. Les autres membres formulent des critiques constructives et des recommandations en s’appuyant sur un rapport qui traite de la politique suivie en matière d’aide, du volume de celle-ci, des institutions qui en sont responsables et des activités menées dans ce domaine sur le terrain. Aucune sanction n’est prise si le pays considéré ne tient pas compte des recommandations. L’examen est destiné à encourager la réalisation de changements utiles, à favoriser l’échange de connaissances et à améliorer l’efficacité globale de l’aide dispensée par l’ensemble de la communauté des donneurs.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264181144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Placer la croissance verte au cœur du développement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Putting green growth at the heart of development
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Entwicklung ; Environment ; Development
    Abstract: Green growth is vital to secure a brighter, more sustainable future for developing countries. Developing countries will pay a high price for failing to tackle local and global environmental threats because they are more dependent on natural resources and are more vulnerable to resources scarcity and natural disasters. This book presents evidence that green growth is the only way to sustain growth and development over the long-term. Green growth does not replace sustainable development, but is a means to achieve it. Green growth values natural assets, which are essential to the well-being and livelihoods of people in developing countries, and if policies are designed to respond to the needs of the poorest, green growth can contribute to poverty reduction and social equity. Building on experience with green growth policies in developing countries and extensive consultations with developing country stakeholders, this report provides a twin-track approach with agendas for national and international action. It responds to developing country concerns about the technical challenges arising from early efforts to “go green” and documents a wealth of examples from developing countries. Green growth objectives and policies will need to be mainstreamed into every government objective and most importantly, into national budgets. Green growth policies can use untapped opportunities to boost domestic fiscal revenues and attract quality investment for years to come. International co-operation is needed to help mitigate the short-term costs that may be associated with pursuing green growth. International flows of money, trade and technology know-how is vital to encourage pursuit of green growth in developing countries.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264189577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'azione delle politiche a seguito di disastri naturali; Aiutare le regioni a sviluppare resilienza - Il caso dell'Abruzzo post terremoto
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policy making after disasters
    Keywords: Erdbeben ; Katastrophenschaden ; Regionalentwicklung ; Technologiepolitik ; Abruzzen ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Abruzzen ; Erdbeben ; Schaden ; Katastrophenhilfe ; Wiederaufbau ; Regionalpolitik ; Geschichte 2009-2013
    Abstract: Abruzzo is at a tipping point: despite economic, cultural and natural strengths, the region is facing declining economic growth, ageing population and a reduction in outside economic aid. The devastating earthquake that hit the regional capital L’Aquila and its surroundings on 6 April 2009 caused 309 deaths and was a significant economic shock, jeopardizing the long-term growth prospects of an already vulnerable region. To increase its resilience to current and future shocks, Abruzzo must encourage innovation-driven growth, based on knowledge and better use of skills, and redesign the city of L’Aquila through technological upgrade to make it more attractive to outsiders and improve the quality of life of its residents. The report suggests that Abruzzo should focus on endogenous resources to build its long-term development strategy and, at the same time, to increase the external openness of the regional system to attract more entrepreneurs, students, foreigners and external capital. The economic development and quality of societal life in Abruzzo will strongly depend on how private and public actors will make the best use of existing knowledge, strengthening the cultural and economic networks as a major tool for growth; as well as promoting information sharing, transparency, accountability and community engagement to improve decision making. More broadly, the issues raised in the report can help other governments to rethink regional policy, for both regions vulnerable to natural disasters and for those facing long-term decline. As such, eight guiding recommendations for building resilient regions after a disaster are drawn. These guiding recommendations can provide a framework for policy making in other OECD regions.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264205826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Mauritius
    Abstract: This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of Mauritius, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264185067
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Edition: Deuxième édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas; Second Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas; Second Edition (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Development
    Abstract: Le commerce et l’investissement dans les ressources minérales naturelles offrent de grandes possibilités de générer des revenus, de la croissance et de la prospérité, de fournir des moyens d’existence et de favoriser le développement local. Toutefois, une grande partie de ces ressources sont situées dans des zones de conflit ou à haut risque. Dans ces zones, l’exploitation des ressources minérales naturelles est importante et peut alimenter, directement ou indirectement, les conflits armés, des violations flagrantes des droits humains, et entraver le développement économique et social. Le Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence pour des chaînes d’approvisionnement responsables en minerais provenant de zones de conflits ou à haut risque fournit des orientations pratiques soutenues par les pouvoirs publics adressées aux entreprises pour des chaînes globales d’approvisionnement en minerais responsables afin que les entreprises respectent les droits de l'homme et évitent de contribuer aux conflits à travers leurs décisions ou pratiques d’approvisionnement. Le Guide sur le devoir de diligence peut être utilisé par toute entreprise susceptible d’exploiter des minerais dans des zones de conflit ou à haut risque. Il s’agit de favoriser des chaînes d’approvisionnement en minerais transparentes ainsi qu'un engagement durable des entreprises dans le secteur des minerais. Cette édition a été mise à jour et comporte de nouveaux chapitres sur l’étain, le tantale et le tungstène et sur l'or.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202320
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: Estudios del Centro de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Start-up Latin America; Promoting Innovation in the Region
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Las startups están cobrando relevancia en las estrategias de innovación en América Latina. Startup América Latina: Promoviendo la innovación en la región analiza el papel de las políticas públicas en apoyar la creación y expansión de las startups. Presenta un análisis comparativo de las iniciativas recientes en seis países de la región – Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú – con el objetivo de identificar buenas prácticas y promover el intercambio de experiencias a fin de mejorar el diseño y la implementación de las políticas de innovación.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264191808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Urban Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD urban policy reviews Chile
    Keywords: Stadtentwicklung ; Kommunalpolitik ; Chile ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile ; Chile ; Stadtentwicklung ; Kommunalpolitik
    Abstract: This review of Chile's urban policy finds that Chile has undergone significant transformation in the past three decades, including growth in GDP, population levels and urbanisation. This growth has been a key factor in Chile’s success in reaching an improved quality of life. However, Chile ranks lower than many other OECD member countries on a variety of urban-related quality-of-life factors, such as income, housing, jobs and the environment. Chile’s urban and metropolitan development practices have traditionally been sector-driven, and today the need for well-integrated approaches to urbanism are increasingly recognised among urban policy makers. This report examines the economic and socio-economic trends in Chile’s urban areas including population growth, and mounting inequality; it analyses four policy areas with significant implications for national urban programming, specifically land-use and zoning, housing, public transport, and the environment; and it examines possible approaches for revitalising the urban governance structure in metropolitan and urban areas, as well as mechanisms to reinforce strategic planning and service-delivery capacity.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264098367
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews; Spain 2011
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Tous les quatre ans, l’action de chacun des 24 membres du Comité d’aide au développement (CAD) - auprès duquel la Banque mondiale, le FMI et le PNUD sont aussi présents en qualité d’observateurs - est examinée en détail par ses pairs au sein du Comité. Cinq pays membres sont soumis chaque année à un examen par les pairs. Le but de cet exercice est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les politiques, les stratégies et les activités de développement du pays examiné sont conformes aux normes élaborées par le CAD. Les autres membres formulent des critiques constructives et des recommandations en s’appuyant sur un rapport qui traite de la politique suivie en matière d’aide, du volume de celle-ci, des institutions qui en sont responsables et des activités menées dans ce domaine sur le terrain. Aucune sanction n’est prise si le pays considéré ne tient pas compte des recommandations. L’examen est destiné à encourager la réalisation de changements utiles, à favoriser l’échange de connaissances et à améliorer l’efficacité globale de l’aide dispensée par l’ensemble de la communauté des donneurs.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inventory of estimated budgetary support and tax expenditures for fossil fuels 2013
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Fossile Energie ; Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Steuervergünstigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Trade ; OECD ; Energiepolitik ; Steuervergünstigung
    Abstract: This Inventory is concerned with direct budgetary transfers and tax expenditures that relate to fossil fuels, regardless of their impact or of the purpose for which the measures were first put in place. It has been undertaken as an exercise in transparency, and to inform the international dialogue on fossil-fuel subsidy reform. For each of the 34 OECD countries covered, the Inventory provides a succinct summary of its energy economy, and of the budgetary and tax-related measures provided at the central-government level (and, in the case of federal countries, for selected sub-national units of government) relating to fossil-fuel production or consumption. The transfers associated with these measures are reported for recent years using the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) as organising frameworks. These frameworks have already been used extensively by the OECD, most notably in respect of agriculture. The Inventory covers a wide range of measures that provide a benefit or preference for a particular activity or a particular product, either in absolute terms or relative to other activities or products, against a specified baseline. Many measures listed in this inventory are relative preferences within a particular country’s tax system rather than absolute support that can be readily compared across countries, and for that reason no national totals are provided.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789264205642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Germany
    Abstract: This report contains the Phase 1 and Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Reviews for Germany, incorporating the Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194496
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (146 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; China 2013
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Chine 2013
    Keywords: Economics ; China, People’s Republic
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264111905
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (156 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mondialisation économique ; Origines et conséquences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft; Ursprünge und Auswirkungen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Globalización económica ; Orígenes y consecuencias
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic globalisation
    RVK:
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Globalisierung ; Geschichte ; Development ; Economics ; Trade ; Erde
    Abstract: Few subjects are as controversial – and poorly understood – as globalisation. While in its broadest sense, economic globalisation is as old as trade itself, the recent financial crisis has amplified the complexity associated with the global interconnectedness of the world’s economies and its ramifications on our livelihoods. This publication reviews the major turning points in the history of economic integration, and in particular the pace at which it has accelerated since the 1990s. It also considers its impact in four crucial areas, namely employment, development, the environment and financial stability: does globalisation foster development or create inequality? Does it promote or destroy jobs? Is it damaging to the environment or compatible with its preservation? Are we heading towards de-globalisation or can globalisation in fact enable recovery?
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193321
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Commercialising public research
    Keywords: Öffentliche Forschung ; Wissenstransfer ; Technologiepolitik ; Ausgründung ; Unternehmensgründung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Public research is the source of many of today’s technologies from the GPS and MRI to MP3 technology. Public research institutions (PRIs) and universities are also an engine of entrepreneurial ventures from biotech start-ups to Internet giants like Google. Today, globalisation, open innovation and new forms of venture financing such as crowd funding are changing the way institutions promote the transfer and commercialisation of public researcher results. This report describes recent trends in government and university level policies to enhance the transfer and exploitation of public research and benchmarks the patenting and licensing activities of PRIs and universities in a number of OECD countries and regions, including the EU, Australia, Canada, and the US. Finally, it also showcases, based on case studies of leading institutions in Finland (Aalto Center for Entrepreneurship), Germany (Fraunhofer Institute), the Czech Republic (Technology Transfer Office of the Czech Technical University), Japan (open innovation in firms), United States (National Institutes of Health) a number of good practices for increasing the number of university invention disclosures, accelerate licensing contracts and promote more open innovation practices between universities and firms.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264197022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Investir ensemble ; Vers une gouvernance multi-niveaux plus efficace
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Why 'investing together'? Public investment is not only a major strategic responsibility for governments but also a shared one: almost two-thirds of public investment is undertaken by sub-national governments and major projects tend to involve more than one government level. In a tight fiscal landscape, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of investment, while maximising its impact on growth outcomes, is paramount. Identifying and addressing the governance bottlenecks that impede smooth co-ordination across levels of government can make a significant contribution towards reaching that end. This report dissects the relationships different government actors form vertically, across levels of government, and also horizontally, across both sectors and jurisdictions. It helps policy makers to understand more systematically how co-ordination works and why it so often doesn’t, as well as shedding light on the mechanisms countries have developed to govern these interactions. In doing so, it addresses another key requisite to organising co-ordination, namely government capacity. Sub-national actors, especially, need to be equipped with the right skills and resources to carry out their responsibilities and to engage with stakeholders, across the public, private and civil society sectors. This report offers a toolkit to policy makers to assess their needs for capacity development
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264200821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Managing service demand
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Qualitätsmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: This book provides guidance on a whole-of-revenue body approach for managing service demand effectively. It sets out a possible ‘model’ for governance arrangements based on leading revenue body practice – in this case the Australian Taxation Office—that has been examined and is supported by the FTA’s Taxpayer Services Sub-group. It also sets out practical steps in the form of a step-by-step framework to support revenue bodies in their efforts to better identify, analyse and address the causes of service demand. The guide has been designed to support all revenue bodies, from those that are in the early stages of developing comprehensive service delivery programs to those with mature programs in place. While it focuses on the revenue body’s role in tax administration it acknowledges that some revenue bodies have a broader set of responsibilities, for example, in the administration of some social policies. This guide has not explored how such roles should integrate at a broader demand management level and revenue bodies will need to assess this issue, if relevant, having regard to their individual circumstances.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264206212
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Turks and Caicos Islands
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for Turks and Caicos. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prix effectifs du carbone
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Effective carbon prices
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Preis ; Straßenverkehr ; Zementindustrie ; Holzwirtschaft ; Energiekonsum ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Brasilien ; Chile ; Dänemark ; Estland ; Frankreich ; Südafrika ; Spanien ; Fossiler Brennstoff ; Kohle ; Preispolitik ; Preisbildung ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltabgabe ; Emissionsverringerung ; Effektivität ; Environment ; Taxation ; OECD ; Kohle ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Preisbildung ; Umweltzertifikathandel
    Abstract: Economic textbooks predict that taxes and emission trading systems are the cheapest way for societies to reduce emissions of CO2. This book shows that this is also the case in the real world. It estimates the costs to society of reducing CO2 emissions in 15 countries using a broad range of policy instruments in 5 of the sectors that generate most emissions: electricity generation, road transport, pulp & paper and cement, as well as households’ domestic energy use. It finds wide variations in the costs of abating each tonne of CO2 within and among countries, as well as in the sectors examined and across different types of policy instruments. Market-based approaches like taxes and trading systems consistently reduced CO2 at a lower cost than other instruments. Capital subsidies and feed-in tariffs were among the most expensive ways of reducing emissions.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264206175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; China, People’s Republic ; Macau, China
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for Macao, China. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264197480
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio sobre la contratación pública del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social ; Aumentar la eficiencia e integridad para una mejor asistencia médica
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public procurement review of the Mexican Institute of Social Security
    Keywords: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: Building on the 2008 OECD Principles for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement and good practices of similar organisations in other OECD countries, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of IMSS procurement strategies, systems and processes and proposes a roadmap for the reform of its procurement function.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789264189904
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (415 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Verrechnungspreisleitlinien für multinationale Unternehmen und Steuerverwaltungen 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE aplicables en materia de precios de transferencia a empresas multinacionales y administraciones tributarias 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD transzferár irányelvek a multinacionális vállalkozások es az adóhatóságok számára - 2010
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010; (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Le Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento per le imprese multinazionali e le amministrazioni fiscali forniscono orientamenti sull'applicazione del "principio di libera concorrenza", che è il principio riconosciuto a livello internazionale sul quale si basa il regime del transfer pricing, cioè la valutazione, a fini fiscali, delle transazioni transfrontaliere tra imprese associate. In un'economia globale nella quale le imprese multinazionali hanno un ruolo significativo, il regime dei prezzi di trasferimento assume un'importanza prioritaria sia per le amministrazioni fiscali sia per i contribuenti. Gli Stati devono assicurarsi che gli utili imponibili delle multinazionali non siano artificialmente trasferiti in un altro Paese e che la base imponibile dichiarata dalle multinazionali nei loro rispettivi Paesi corrisponda alla loro attività economica reale. È essenziale, inoltre, che i contribuenti vedano ridotti i rischi di doppia imposizione economica legati a un contenzioso tra due Paesi sulla determinazione della remunerazione a valori di mercato delle transazioni transfrontaliere con imprese associate. La versione originale delle Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento è stata approvata dal Consiglio dell'OCSE nel 1995. Le Linee Guida sono poi state parzialmente aggiornate nel 2009, in primo luogo per integrare le modifiche introdotte nel 2008 al Modello di Convenzione fiscale OCSE riguardanti il nuovo paragrafo 5 dell'articolo 25 in materia di arbitrato e il commentario dell'articolo 25 sull'uso della procedura amichevole per risolvere le controversie tributarie internazionali. Nell'edizione del 2010 sono state apportate notevoli revisioni ai capitoli I, II e III, introducendo nuovi orientamenti sulla scelta del metodo più appropriato alle circostanze del caso per la determinazione dei prezzi di trasferimento, sull'applicazione pratica dei metodi basati sull'utile delle transazioni (il metodo del margine netto della transazione e il metodo di ripartizione dell'utile) e sulla performance dell'analisi di comparabilità. È stato inoltre aggiunto un nuovo capitolo IX che presenta gli aspetti delle riorganizzazioni aziendali relativi ai prezzi di trasferimento. Notevoli cambiamenti sono stati anche apportati in tutti gli altri capitoli delle Linee Guida dell’OCSE sui prezzi di trasferimento.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264200852
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La relación cooperativa; Un marco de referencia ; De la relación cooperativa al cumplimiento cooperativo
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Co-operative compliance
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Steuermoral ; Steuerstrafrecht ; Compliance-Management ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report examines the relationship between large business taxpayers and revenue bodies, five years on from the publication of the FTA’s Study into the Role of Tax Intermediaries. The study recommended that revenue bodies develop a relationship based on trust and co-operation. The report is based on a detailed examination of the practical experiences of countries that have established this type of relationship. The report finds that the pillars of an improved relationship highlighted in the Study remain valid. However, it identifies some additional features that are equally important: the part played by the tax control framework used by a large business in providing an objective basis for trust is emphasised. It also suggests that “co-operative compliance” is a better description of the recommended approach than the original “enhanced relationship” label. The report addresses some questions that have been raised about the compatibility of the new approach with certain legal principles and discusses the internal governance of these programmes within revenue bodies. The importance of making a sound business case for the approach and how to measure the results of co-operative compliance programmes is addressed. The report concludes with some thoughts about the future direction of the co-operative compliance concept.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264194588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Malaysia ; Finance and Investment ; Malaysia ; Malaysia ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Finanzanalyse
    Abstract: Malaysia stands out as one of the economic success stories in Asia. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a major role in the growth and diversification of the economy, and has been a key part of an outward-oriented development strategy. As an early mover in terms of export-led development, Malaysia has traditionally received significant amounts of foreign investment relative to the small size of its economy. Today, Malaysia is a net outward investor, with its companies increasingly becoming regional and global players. In spite of this enviable performance, the Malaysian economy is confronting numerous inter-related challenges as it strives to attain developed country status by 2020. Private investment as a share of GDP has declined, and FDI as a share of total FDI in ASEAN has decreased since the early 1990s. The government has engaged in ambitious reforms across the board which have led to increased liberalisation and more efficient regulations and have contributed to a strong enabling environment for business. Malaysia will also continue to benefit from a dynamic and rapidly integrating region, thereby retaining the attention of investors. OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Malaysia presents an assessment of the investment climate in Malaysia, including the institutional and legislative framework for investment. It focuses on policy options in the areas of investment, infrastructure, finance, responsible business conduct, corporate governance and green investment and discusses measures to help revive both foreign and domestic investment.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264195158
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Grön tillväxt i Stockholm, Sverige
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Green growth in Stockholm, Sweden
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Stockholm ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: This report studies green growth trends, challenges and opportunities in the City of Stockholm, Sweden. It first analyses socio-economic trends and the environmental performance of the city and the county of Stockholm; then it reviews urban policies for land use, transport, buildings, waste, energy and water that contribute to economic growth and reduce pressure on the environment; thirdly assesses Stockholm’s green innovation potential in areas such as cleantech, ICT and university to business linkages; and finally it examines local, regional and national institutions, including horizontal and vertical coordination mechanisms that strengthen cross-sectoral and multilevel governance for green growth.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9789264205505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Argentina
    Abstract: This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Reviews for Argentina, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264205444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Nigeria
    Abstract: This report presents the Phase 1 Global Forum Peer Review of Nigeria 2013. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Back to Work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Back to work
    Keywords: Kündigung ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Berufliche Integration
    Abstract: In Korea's dynamic labour market, job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over the course of their working lives. Some workers are more vulnerable than others to this risk and may face long periods of unemployment/inactivity after displacement, particularly if their skills are not well-matched to emerging job opportunities. Even when they find new jobs, displaced workers tend to be paid less, have fewer benefits and are more likely to be overskilled than in the jobs they held prior to displacement. Helping displaced workers get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. To achieve this goal, Korea needs to increase resources devoted to re-employment programmes, such as job-search training and job matching, to improve their performance and better target those who need the most help. Existing training programmes need to be revised to ensure that people are obtaining skills that will help them find work. The social safety net also needs to be strengthened to lower the personal and societal costs of displacement, notably by improving the coverage of unemployment benefits.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264200838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Together for better outcomes
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Stakeholder ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: Revenue bodies are increasingly focusing on improving their understanding of taxpayers and taking advantage of opportunities for collaboration where win-win situations exists. This is not least true for the large and heterogeneous SME segment, which in many countries has proven difficult and costly to administer with traditional approaches. This Forum on Tax Administration study provides inspiration and guidance to revenue bodies wishing to explore the potential for improving outcomes, reducing costs, improving services and generating other benefits by engaging and involving SME taxpayers and stakeholders. The study provides a conceptual framework illustrating the benefits and situating the approach in the context of public sector reform, technological developments and trends in compliance risk management. It further provides a comprehensive review of current and emerging practices across the areas of information and guidance, compliance risk management, and systemic solutions. Finally the study provides guidance to support successful implementation. The study finds that while revenue bodies have substantial experience to build on, there is also potential for more systematic, far-reaching and potentially transformative approaches. A key barrier in this regard is that performance metrics relying extensively on output measures channel resources and attention away from innovative approaches that work back from the desired ultimate outcomes.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264202979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa; Engines of Development and Competitiveness? (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als State-owned enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Öffentliches Unternehmen ; Entwicklung ; MENA-Staaten ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are an important feature of the economic landscape in the Middle East and North Africa region and yet, their contribution to the local economies has not been subject to a systematic investigation. SOEs in the region are generally perceived as inefficient and subject to sub-optimal governance arrangements but at the same time, and somewhat paradoxically, they are often charged developmental mandates that typically go beyond their stated commercial objectives. This phenomenon owes to the historically prominent role of the state in the economic development in the region and the recently renewed interest in using select SOEs as anchors of national industrialisation and competitiveness strategies. This publication contributes to the limited existing literature on the role of SOEs in the economic development by examining the contribution of MENA SOEs to industrial development, diversification, poverty elimination and the provision of goods and services to the public more generally. Second, it provides an overview of the diverse mandates and roles of MENA SOEs and assesses the costs of these obligations with a view to isolate ownership and governance practices that have contributed to the success of some companies and poor performance of others. Recommendations to policymakers as well as management and boards of SOEs are made based on these observations at the end of the publication.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264196124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement ; Union européenne 2012
    Keywords: Development ; European Union
    Abstract: Every four years, each of the 24 members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) with the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Development Programme as observers is scrutinised by its peers in the Committee. Five different member countries are peer reviewed each year. This report asseses the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of the European Union meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations. There are no sanctions if the country fails to take the recommendations on board. The exercise is meant to encourage positive change, support mutual learning and raise the overall effectiveness of aid throughout the donor community.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264205925
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Spain
    Abstract: This report contains revised Phase 1 and Phase 2 review for Spain, now updated with ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264206564
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bribery and Corruption Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners and Tax Auditors
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel de sensibilisation au paiement de pots-de-vin et à la corruption à l'intention de vérificateurs fiscaux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bribery and Corruption Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners and Tax Auditors; (Greek version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Kukuļdošanas un korupcijas apzināšanas rokasgrāmata nodokļu pārbaudēm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Indicatoren van corruptie en omkoping, Handboek voor medewerkers van de Belastingdienst
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: Das Handbuch liefert praktische Hinweise, die den zuständigen Bediensteten der Steuerverwaltung dabei helfen sollen, auffällige Zahlungen zu identifizieren, bei denen es sich wahrscheinlich um Bestechungsgelder an ausländische Amtsträger handelt, damit die Versagung der steuerlichen Abzugsfähigkeit durchgesetzt werden kann, sowie Schmiergeldzahlungen aufgedeckt und den für die Strafverfolgung zuständigen Stellen des jeweiligen Landes gemeldet werden können.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188754
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: Rapporto sulle performance ambientali
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Italy 2013
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Italie 2013
    Keywords: Environment ; Italy
    Abstract: l programma degli esami ambientali dell’OCSE ha l’obiettivo di valutare in maniera indipendente i progressi conseguiti dai singoli Paesi a fronte degli impegni ambientali assunti a livello nazionale e internazionale, e di formulare raccomandazioni rilevanti per il miglioramento delle politiche ambientali. Gli esami mirano a incoraggiare il processo di apprendimento tra pari, a promuovere una maggiore accountability dei governi di fronte agli altri Paesi e all’opinione pubblica, nonché ad aiutare i Paesi a migliorare individualmente e collettivamente i risultati ottenuti nella gestione dell'ambiente. Gli esami si basano su un ampio spettro di dati economici e ambientali. Ogni ciclo del programma di esami ambientali copre tutti i Paesi membri dell’OCSE e alcuni Paesi partner. Di recente sono stati pubblicati i rapporti su Messico (2013), Germania (2012) e Slovenia (2012). Questo rapporto, il terzo che l’OCSE dedica all’esame delle performance ambientali dell’Italia, valuta i progressi compiuti verso il raggiungimento degli obiettivi in materia di sviluppo sostenibile e crescita verde. Un’attenzione particolare è dedicata alle politiche intese a promuovere una gestione delle risorse idriche più efficace ed efficiente e a dare maggiore impulso alla lotta al cambiamento climatico.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264187597
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Santé mentale et emploi
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mental Health and Work; Belgium
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium
    Abstract: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, la gestion des problèmes de santé mentale dans la population d’âge actif devient un enjeu essentiel pour les politiques sociales et du marché du travail. Les gouvernements de ces pays sont de plus en plus nombreux à reconnaître que les pouvoirs publics ont un rôle important à jouer pour maintenir au travail les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux ou pour faciliter la réintégration de celles qui sont sorties du marché de l’emploi, ainsi que pour prévenir l’apparition de ce type de troubles. Ce rapport relatif à la Belgique est le premier d’une série de travaux analysant l’approche adoptée par différents pays de l’OCDE face aux défis plus larges, décrits dans la publication Mal-être au travail ? Mythes et réalités sur la santé mentale et l’emploi (OCDE, 2012), auxquels sont confrontés les pouvoirs publics en matière d’éducation, de santé, de politique sociale et d’emploi. Sa conclusion est que la Belgique dispose déjà d’un système comportant de nombreux atouts structurels, qui ne sont cependant pas encore exploités de manière optimale.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264172005
    Language: Korean
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Food and the Tourism Experience; The OECD-Korea Workshop
    Keywords: Industry and Services
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264192003
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Island ; Taxation ; Iceland
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789264205703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Ireland
    Abstract: This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of Ireland, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264190306
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Conflict over Resources and Terrorism; Two Facets of Insecurity
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage analyse tout d’abord les conflits liés aux ressources, forme d’instabilité ancienne et récurrente dans la région. Les causes, les enjeux et les outils de réponse régionaux sont examinés à partir d’études de cas. Cette publication explore ensuite une dimension relativement récente de l’insécurité : les terrorismes. Elle rappelle les développements d’AQMI et de Boko Haram puis s’intéresse, dans un essai comparatif, aux mécanismes légaux qui encadrent la lutte contre le terrorisme. La congruence de ces insécurités et la violence des crises actuelles posent pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest et la communauté internationale un risque de déstabilisation sans précédent.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rural-urban partnerships
    Keywords: Stadt-Land-Beziehungen ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Stadtentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Agrarpolitik ; Agrarökonomie ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Urban and rural areas enjoy different and often complementary assets, and better integration between them is important for socio-economic performance. This report provides a framework to understand the changing relationships between urban and rural areas. It is focused on one approach that can enhance and better manage rural-urban relationships – the use of rural-urban partnerships. Specifically, it documents the characteristics of these partnerships and the factors that can hinder as well as enable rural-urban co-operation. Different governance approaches to manage rural-urban relationships are identified and discussed. Finally, recommendations are provided to help national, regional and local policy makers to build effective and sustainable rural-urban partnerships for better economic development.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264175556
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Electricity in a climate-constrained world
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Klimapolitik ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Welt ; Energy
    Abstract: Electricity use is growing worldwide, providing a range of energy services: lighting, heating and cooling, specific industrial uses, entertainment, information technologies, and mobility. Because its generation remains largely based on fossil fuels, electricity is also the largest and the fastest-growing source of energy-related CO2 emissions, the primary cause of human-induced climate change. Forecasts from the IEA and others show that “decarbonising” electricity and enhancing end-use efficiency can make major contributions to the fight against climate change. Global and regional trends on electricity supply and demand indicate the magnitude of the decarbonisation challenge ahead. As climate concerns become an essential component of energy policy-making, the generation and use of electricity will be subject to increasingly strong policy actions by governments to reduce their associated CO2 emissions. Despite these actions, and despite very rapid growth in renewable energy generation, significant technology and policy challenges remain if this unprecedented essential transition is to be achieved. This book provides an authoritative resource on progress to date in this area, with statistics related to CO2 and the electricity sector across ten regions of the world. It also presents topical analyses on meeting the challenge of rapidly curbing CO2 emissions from electricity, from both a policy and technology perspective.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264180314
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compact City Policies; A Comparative Assessment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compact City Policies; A Comparative Assessment (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: The OECD Green Growth Strategy aims to provide concrete recommendations and measurement tools, including indicators, to support countries’ efforts to achieve economic growth and development, while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which well-being relies. The strategy proposes a flexible policy framework that can be tailored to different country circumstances and stages of development.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264202634
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Virgin Islands, British
    Abstract: This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standard in Practice” review of the British Virgin Islands, as well as a revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for this jurisdiction. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264202535
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Israel ; Taxation ; Israel ; Israel ; Steuerrecht ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital Markets in Eurasia; Two Decades of Reform (Russian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report sets out the shared view of 12 Eurasian countries on priorities and recommendations to improve their corporate governance and spur capital market development and economic growth. It analyses the structure, experience and prospects for Eurasian capital markets, and makes recommendations to support the development of liquid and vibrant capital markets as a key ingredient for economic growth. It underlines the critical role that corporate governance can play to underpin such growth. It reviews and notes the region’s rapid economic growth during the last decade and the need for equity capital to complement bank financing to maintain sustainable economic growth in the future.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264128712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation in Southeast Asia
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Südostasien ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Southeast Asian (SEA) region is one of the most dynamic in the world. It is in a period of transition as its national economies become strongly integrated into global knowledge networks. Science and technology (S&T) offer opportunities for countries to ‘move up the value chain’. A better understanding of existing capabilities helps enhance mutually beneficial S&T and innovation co-operation between SEA and OECD countries. This review provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Southeast Asian countries’ capacity in S&T and innovation. A regional synthesis highlights current performance and intra- and extra-regional knowledge circulation, including flows between the Southeast Asian region and the established centres of knowledge production such as the EU, Japan and the United States. The country profiles describe the dynamics of national innovation systems and their relation to international knowledge flows, taking into account the wider framework conditions for innovation.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264205864
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of New Zealand, now updated with ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264192904
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: L’érosion de la base d’imposition constitue un risque sérieux pour les recettes, la souveraineté et l’équité fiscales pour de nombreux pays. S’il existe de nombreux phénomènes susceptibles d’entraîner une érosion des bases fiscales nationales, le transfert de bénéfices n’est pas l’un des moindres. Le présent rapport s’ouvre sur une description des études et des données publiquement accessibles concernant l’existence et l’ampleur de ce phénomène, il donne ensuite un aperçu des évolutions internationales qui ont un impact sur l’imposition des sociétés, et identifie les principes fondamentaux sur lesquels repose l’imposition des activités transnationales, ainsi que les possibilités d’érosion de la base d’imposition et de transfert de bénéfices auxquelles ils peuvent éventuellement donner lieu. Le rapport conclut que les règles actuelles permettent d’accroître la part des bénéfices associés à des montages juridiques et à des droits et obligations incorporels, et de transférer légalement les risques au sein des groupes, avec pour conséquence de réduire la part des bénéfices associés aux opérations substantielles. Le rapport recommande de développer un plan d’action pour s’attaquer de manière compréhensive au problème de l’érosion de la base d’imposition et du transfert de bénéfices.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193840
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal on Budgeting, Volume 2012 Supplement 1; Budgeting in Luxembourg; Analysis and recommendations
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Interconnected economies
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Internationale Produktion ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Welt ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Wirtschaftskooperation ; Wertschöpfungskette ; Nichttarifäres Handelshemmnis ; Liberalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Erde ; Welt ; Globalisierung ; Weltwirtschaft ; Außenhandelspolitik ; Wertschöpfung
    Abstract: Global Value Chains (GVCs) have exploded in the past decade and refer to the international dispersion of design, production, assembly, marketing and distribution of services, activities, and products. Different stages in the production process are increasingly located across different economies, and intermediate inputs like parts and components are produced in one country and then exported to other countries for further production and/or assembly into final products. The functional and spatial fragmentation that has occurred within GVCs has significantly reshaped the global economic landscape, thereby raising some new major policy challenges for OECD countries and emerging countries alike: trade policy, competitiveness, upgrading and innovation and the management of global systemic risk.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internationale Energieagentur Transition to sustainable buildings
    RVK:
    Keywords: -2050 ; Nachhaltiges Bauen ; Prognose ; Welt ; Energy ; Energiebewusstes Bauen ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Buildings are the largest energy consuming sector in the world, and account for over one-third of total final energy consumption and an equally important source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Achieving significant energy and emissions reduction in the buildings sector is a challenging but achievable policy goal. Transition to Sustainable Buildings presents detailed scenarios and strategies to 2050, and demonstrates how to reach deep energy and emissions reduction through a combination of best available technologies and intelligent public policy. This IEA study is an indispensible guide for decision makers, providing informative insights on: -Cost-effective options, key technologies and opportunities in the buildings sector; -Solutions for reducing electricity demand growth and flattening peak demand; -Effective energy efficiency policies and lessons learned from different countries; -Future trends and priorities for ASEAN, Brazil, China, the European Union, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa and the United States; -Implementing a systems approach using innovative products in a cost effective manner; and -Pursuing whole-building (e.g. zero energy buildings) and advanced-component policies to initiate a fundamental shift in the way energy is consumed.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264202122
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews; Argentina 2012; Combined; Phase 1 Phase 2
    Keywords: Taxation ; Argentina
    Abstract: El Foro Global sobre Transparencia e Intercambio de Información con Fines Tributarios es el marco multilateral dentro del cual más de 100 jurisdicciones trabajan en el área de transparencia tributaria e intercambio de información, a la vez que participan del Foro Global en igualdad de condiciones. El Foro Global tiene a su cargo la vigilancia exhaustiva y la evaluación de pares de la puesta en práctica de los estándares internacionales de transparencia e intercambio de información con fines tributarios. Estos estándares se encuentran refl ejados principalmente en el Modelo de Acuerdo sobre Intercambio de Información de la OCDE del año 2002 y su comentario, y en el Artículo 26 del Modelo de Convenio Tributario de la OCDE sobre la Renta y el Capital y su comentario actualizado en el 2004. Estos estándares han sido también incorporados al Modelo de Convenio Tributario de la ONU. Los estándares prevén el intercambio internacional a solicitud de la información que sea previsiblemente relevante para la administración o aplicación de la legislación tributaria interna de una Parte solicitante. Las solicitudes masivas de información (“fishing expeditions”, expediciones exploratorias) no están autorizadas; no obstante se deberá brindar toda información que sea previsiblemente relevante, incluyendo la información bancaria y la información en poder de fiduciarios, independientemente de la existencia de un interés tributario nacional o la aplicación de un principio de doble incriminación. Todos los miembros del Foro Global, así como las jurisdicciones identificadas por el Foro Global como relevantes para su trabajo, están siendo evaluados. Este proceso se realiza en dos fases. La revisión de la Fase 1 evalúa la calidad del marco legal y normativo de una jurisdicción para el intercambio de información, mientras que la revisión de la Fase 2 observa la implementación práctica de ese marco. Algunos miembros del Foro Global se someten a revisiones combinadas (Fase 1 y Fase 2). El Foro Global estableció también un proceso de informes suplementarios con el fin de poner en práctica las recomendaciones, como así también para la supervisión permanente de las jurisdicciones luego de la conclusión de una revisión. El objetivo primordial es ayudar a las jurisdicciones a que apliquen con eficacia los estándares internacionales de transparencia e intercambio de información con fines tributarios. Todos los informes de revisión son publicados una vez aprobados por el Foro Global.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264203808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430 ; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The present Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin corrosion, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin corrosion is defined as the production of irreversible tissue damage, manifested as visible necrosis of the skin, according to the definition of the Globally Harmonised System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. This Test Guideline describes an in vitro procedure allowing the identification of non-corrosive and corrosive substances and mixtures, based on the rat skin transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) test method. The test chemical is applied to three skin discs for a duration not exceeding 24 hours. Corrosive substances are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure enables to determine whether the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum. This Test Guideline also includes a set of Performance Standards (PS) for the assessment of similar and modified TER-based test methods.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789264203778
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Introduction to OECD Test Guidelines on Pesticide Residues Chemistry - Section 5 Part A
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Les Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais concernant la chimie des résidus de pesticides ont pour objectif d'évaluer l'exposition aux pesticides en identifiant leurs résidus dans les aliments pour l'homme ou les produits alimentaires destinés aux animaux, afin d'estimer les risques alimentaires et de fixer des limites maximales de résidus. Elles ont été mises au point à partir de lignes directrices utilisées depuis de nombreuses années dans les pays de l'OCDE et par l'organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture. La nature particulière de chaque étude, l'utilisation escomptée du pesticide, et les méthodes particulières nécessaires pour élucider la voie métabolique de chaque produit chimique interdisent de donner une description de la méthode d'essai aussi prescriptive qu'il est généralement exigé des autres Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais. Les études de résidus de pesticides sont complexes; il est impossible de spécifier par anticipation tous les paramètres dans les Lignes directrices, et chaque étude doit être élaborée individuellement. De ce fait, les Lignes directrices de la partie A de la section 5 comprennent des éléments qui diffèrent de ceux des autres sections (1-4) des Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264203815
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 430; In Vitro Skin Corrosion; Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test Method (TER)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice porte sur le danger de corrosion cutanée pour la santé humaine faisant suite à une exposition avec un produit chimique. La corrosion cutanée désigne la survenue de lésions irréversibles de la peau qui se manifestent par une nécrose visible, selon la définition du Système Général Harmonisé pour la Classification et l’Étiquetage des produits chimiques. Cette Ligne directrice décrit une procédure in vitro permettant d’identifier les substances et mélanges corrosifs et non corrosifs, en s’appuyant sur la méthode d’essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET) pratiquée sur un épiderme de rat. Le produit chimique testé est appliqué sur des disques cutanés (au nombre de trois) pendant une durée n’excédant pas 24 heures. Les substances corrosives sont identifiées par leur capacité à produire une perte de l’intégrité du stratum corneum normal et de sa fonction de barrière, qui est mesurée par la réduction du RET au-dessous d'un seuil d'avertissement (5kΩ pour le rat). Une étape de coloration incorporée à la procédure d'essai permet de déterminer si l'augmentation de la perméabilité ionique est due à la destruction physique du stratum corneum. Cette Ligne directrice comprend également un ensemble de normes de performance pour l’évaluation de méthodes d’essai (RET) similaires ou modifiées.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203792
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 210; Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d'essai décrite dans cette Ligne directrice, est prévue pour définir les effets létaux et sublétaux des produits chimiques sur les premiers stades de vie des espèces examinés. Les premiers stades de vie des poissons sont exposés à cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai dissoute dans l'eau, de préférence dans des conditions de renouvellement continu du milieu, ou s'il y a lieu, dans des conditions semi-statiques. L'essai commence en plaçant les oeufs fécondés (au moins 80 par niveau de concentration) dans les chambres d'essai (quatre au mimimum), et continue au moins jusqu'à ce que tous les poissons témoins s’alimentent de façon autonome. Les effets létaux et sublétaux sont évalués et comparés aux valeurs témoin, soit pour déterminer la concentration la plus basse pour laquelle on observe un effet, et la concentration sans effet observé, soit pour déterminer la concentration qui engendre un effet de x% sur les poissons selon l’effet mesuré. Le rapport d'étude inclut la mesure des concentrations de la substance d'essai dans l'eau à intervalles réguliers (cinq au moins), de l'oxygène dissous, de la température, du pH, la dureté et la salinité totale, du poids et de la longueur des poissons, les observations d'apparence anormale, de comportement anormal, de l’éclosion et de la survie, ainsi que la concentration sans effet observé ou la concentration qui engendre un effet de x% sur les poissons.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 210 ; Poisson, essai de toxicité aux premiers stades de la vie
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The test method described in this Test Guideline, is intended to define the lethal and sub-lethal effects of chemicals on the early life stages of the species tested. The early-life stages of fish are exposed to five concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water, preferably under flow-through conditions, or where appropriate, semi-static conditions. The test starts with placing fertilised eggs (at least 80 per concentration level) in the test chambers (four at the minimum) and continues at least until all the control fishes are free-feeding. Lethal and sub-lethal effects are assessed and compared with control values to either determine the lowest observed effect concentration and the no observed effect concentration, or the effect concentration leading to x% change on organisms for the effect observed. The study report should include measurement of the concentrations of the test substance in water at regular intervals (five at least), the dissolved oxygen, the temperature, pH, total hardness and salinity, fish weight and length, observations of abnormal appearance, abnormal behaviour, hatching and survival, as well as the no-observed effect level or the effect concentration leading to x% change in the organisms for the effect observed.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203235
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Greece; Reform of Social Welfare Programmes
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Greece
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203693
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 122; Determination of pH, Acidity and Alkalinity
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit la méthode électrométrique de détermination du pH d’une solution ou dispersion aqueuse non diluée, d’une dilution de cette solution ou dispersion dans l’eau, ou d’un produit chimique dilué pour une utilisation finale. Elle détaille également les procédures à suivre pour établir le pouvoir tampon d’un produit chimique acide ou basique, à l’aide d’une base ou d’un acide fort ou faible. Le pH d’une solution ou dispersion aqueuse est déterminé à l’aide d’un pH-mètre équipé d’un système d’électrode approprié. L’acidité ou l’alcalinité d’une solution ou dispersion dans l’eau est établie par titrage avec une base ou un acide standard, avec détermination du pH par la méthode électrométrique.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264203945
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 488; Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit un test in vivo qui détecte les produits chimiques qui peuvent induire des mutations génétiques. Pour ces essais, on utilise des rats ou des souris transgéniques qui comportent de multiples copies de vecteurs navettes de plasmides ou de phages intégrés dans leurs chromosomes. Les transgènes contiennent des gènes rapporteurs pour la détection de différents types de mutations induites par les substances d’essai. Des animaux transgéniques répartis en un groupe témoin négatif et un minimum de 3 niveaux de dose sont traités pendant 28 jours consécutifs. L'administration est généralement suivie d'une période de 3 jours, antérieure au sacrifice, au cours de laquelle la substance n'est pas administrée et au cours de laquelle les lésions d'ADN non réparées se fixent sous forme de mutations stables. A la fin de cette période de 3 jours, les animaux sont sacrifiés et l'ADN génomique est isolé du/des tissus(s) d'intérêt puis purifié. On score les mutations qui se sont produites chez les rongeurs en retrouvant le transgène et en analysant le phénotype du gène rapporteur chez un hôte bactérien démuni du gène rapporteur. On obtient la fréquence des mutants, qui est le paramètre observé dans cet essai, en divisant le nombre de plages/plasmides contenant les mutations qui se produisent dans le transgène par le nombre total de plages/plasmides retrouvés dans un même échantillon d'ADN.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264117129
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Assistance Peer Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens OCDE sur la coopération pour le développement ; Espagne 2011
    Keywords: Development ; Spain
    Abstract: Every four years, each of the 24 members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) with the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Development Programme as observers is scrutinised by its peers in the Committee. Five different member countries are peer reviewed each year. The aim is to assess the extent to which the development policies, strategies and activities of the reviewed country meet the standards set by the DAC. Members provide constructive criticism and recommendations based on a report that touches on aid policies, volumes, institutions and field operations. There are no sanctions if the country fails to take the recommendations on board. The exercise is meant to encourage positive change, support mutual learning and raise the overall effectiveness of aid throughout the donor community.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264179233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: Meeting the growing demand for energy, and electricity in particular, while addressing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure security of energy supply, is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world’s economies. No single technology can respond to this challenge, and the solution which policy-makers are seeking lies in the diversification of energy sources. Although nuclear energy currently provides over 20% of electricity in the OECD area and does not emit any carbon dioxide during production, it continues to be seen by many as a controversial technology. Public concern remains over its safety and the management of radioactive waste, and financing such a capital-intensive technology is a complex issue. The role that nuclear power will play in the future depends on the answers to these questions, several of which are provided in this up-to-date review of the status of nuclear energy, as well as on the outcome of research and development on the nuclear fuel cycle and reactor technologies.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203969
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital Markets in Eurasia; Two Decades of Reform
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264204294
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Anti-corruption Reforms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; Progress and Challenges, 2009-2013
    Keywords: Governance
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264207998
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Drawing on the OECD’s expertise in comparing country experiences and identifying best practices, this book tailors the OECD’s policy advice to the specific and timely priorities of Russia, focusing on how its government can make reform happen.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Better Policies for Board Nomination and Election in Asia
    Keywords: Board of Directors ; Aufsichtsrat ; Corporate Governance ; Australien ; Governance
    Abstract: Established in 1999, the OECD-Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance serves as a regional forum for exchanging experiences and advancing the reform agenda on corporate governance while promoting awareness and use of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. The Roundtable brings together policy makers, practitioners and experts on corporate governance from the Asian region, OECD countries and relevant international organisations. This Roundtable report consist of three sections: 1) an overview of the current policy framework; 2) a summary of the challenges to establishing a formal and transparent board nomination and election process in Asia; and, 3) policy options to improve the transparency of the board nomination and election process in order to reinforce more effective boards.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264197565
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Public Procurement Review of the State's Employees' Social Security and Social Services Institute in Mexico
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: A partir de los Principios de la OCDE para fortalecer la integridad en la contratación pública (2008) y las buenas prácticas de organizaciones similares en otros países de la OCDE, el estudio aporta una evaluación integral de las estrategias, los sistemas y los processos de adquisición del ISSSTE.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193307
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting investment in knowledge capital, growth and innovation
    DDC: 332.024
    Keywords: Innovation ; Wissensmanagement ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Bericht ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Wissensmanagement ; OECD
    Abstract: Knowledge-based capital (KBC) results from business investment in non-physical assets such as R&D, data, software, patents, new business models, organizational processes, firm-specific skills and designs. This publication brings together the results of a two-year programme of work at the OECD on New Sources of Growth and the role of Knowledge-based Capital (NSG-KBC). This work shows that business investment in KBC is a key to future productivity growth and living standards. In many countries, business investment in KBC has increased faster than - and in some countries significantly exceeds - investment in physical capital (like machinery). To promote long-term growth and the jobs of tomorrow, governments must ensure that framework conditions, institutions and policies facilitate business investment in KBC. Emerging economies are also making concerted efforts to help their businesses accumulate KBC. This book sets out policy analyses and recommendations in the fields of: innovation; taxation; entrepreneurship and business development; corporate reporting; big data; competition and measurement.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Coping with emigration in Baltic and East European countries
    Keywords: Auswanderung ; Baltische Staaten ; Polen ; Rumänien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Baltic States ; Osteuropa ; Baltikum ; Auswanderung ; Geschichte 2000-2013
    Abstract: The Baltic countries have experienced sustained emigration over the past decade, contributing to population decline and a loss of working-age population. The impact of this emigration is felt strongly in the labour market, the general economy and in social developments. How can countries deal with the impact of high levels of emigration? How to attract back emigrants? How best to benefit from the financial, social and human capital developed abroad? The Baltic countries are not alone in addressing these challenges, and this volume brings together the recent experience of Poland and Romania, as well as a wide range of OECD countries, in developing new policies to cope with emigration.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264205765
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Japan
    Abstract: This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 reports for Japan, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports. For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please refer to www.oecd.org/tax/transparency and www.eoi-tax.org .
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264197305
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Estudio sobre la contratación pública del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado en México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Public procurement review of the State's Employees' Social Security and Social Services Institute in Mexico
    Keywords: Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores del I.S.S.S.T.E ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Mexiko ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: How can citizens’ health and well-being be improved when public resources are limited? What practices allow hospitals and health clinics to get state of art medical equipment and medicine at the right price? The OECD Procurement Review of the Mexican State’s Employees’ Social Security and Social Services Institute (ISSSTE) looks at the public entity responsible for providing medical and social services to Mexican civil servants. It provides a comprehensive assessment of its procurement function and how to improve it in order to enhance the overall efficiency and transparency of the organisation and the quality of the services it provides. The review builds on the OECD Principles for Enhancing Integrity in Public Procurement, good practices of other health organisations as well as comparative data on public procurement in OECD countries.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264206366
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews; Belgium 2013; Phase 2; Implementation of the Standard in Practice
    Keywords: Taxation ; Belgium
    Abstract: Ce rapport contient l’examen de « Phase 2 : mise en œuvre pratique des normes » ainsi que la version révisée de la « Phase 1 : évaluation de la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire » déjà publiée pour la Belgique. Le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales est l’enceinte multilatérale au sein de laquelle le travail en matière de transparence fiscale et d’échange de renseignements est mené par plus de 120 juridictions participant, sur un pied d’égalité, aux travaux du Forum mondial. Le Forum mondial est chargé de la surveillance approfondie et de l’examen par les pairs de la mise en œuvre des standards en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Ces standards sont essentiellement reflétés dans le Modèle d’accord d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale et ses commentaires publiés en 2002 par l’OCDE et dans l’article 26 du Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune de l’OCDE et ses commentaires, tels que mis à jour en 2004. Ces standards ont aussi été repris dans le Modèle de convention fiscale des Nations Unies. Les standards prévoient l’échange de renseignements sur demande des informations vraisemblablement pertinentes pour l’administration et l’application de la législation fiscale interne de la partie requérante. La pêche aux renseignements n’est pas autorisée mais tous les renseignements vraisemblablement pertinents doivent être fournis, y compris les renseignements bancaires et les renseignements détenus par des agents fiduciaires, sans tenir compte de l’existence d’un intérêt fiscal national. Tous les membres du Forum mondial, ainsi que les juridictions identifiées par le Forum mondial comme pertinentes pour ses travaux, seront examinés. Ce processus est réalisé en deux phases. L’examen de phase 1 évalue la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire des juridictions en matière d’échange de renseignements alors que l’examen de phase 2 se concentre sur la mise en œuvre pratique de ce cadre. Certains membres du Forum mondial font l’objet d’un examen combiné – phase 1 et phase 2. Le but final vise à aider les juridictions à mettre effectivement en œuvre les standards internationaux en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264205987
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report contains the revised Phase 1 and Phase 2 review for the United Kingdom, now including ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264188075
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Making Water Reform Happen in Mexico
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Mexico
    Abstract: El informe proporciona un diagnóstico y recomendaciones de políticas en apoyo a la reforma de la gestión del agua en México. Analiza los desafíos de implementación e identifica buenas prácticas en cuatro áreas clave, consideradas motores esenciales del cambio : gobernabilidad multinivel; gobernabilidad de cuencas; eficiencia económica y sustentabilidad financiera; y marco regulatorio de los servicios de agua y saneamiento. Esta publicación es el resultado de un diálogo de políticas públicas de un año entre la OCDE y México siguiendo la adopción del Agenda del Agua 2030 como visión estratégica de largo plazo para el sector.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renforcer les mécanismes de financement de la biodiversité
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Karousakis, Katia Scaling-up finance mechanisms for biodiversity
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Finanzierung ; Umweltpolitik ; Umwelt ; Ökologie ; Biodiversität ; Ökologisches Gleichgewicht ; Umweltsicherheit ; Fiskalpolitik ; Finanzierung ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Artenreichtum ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This report examines six mechanisms that can be used to scale-up financing for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use and to help meet the 2011-20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The mechanisms are environmental fiscal reform, payments for ecosystem services, biodiversity offsets, green markets, biodiversity in climate change funding, and biodiversity in international development finance. Drawing on literature and more than 40 case studies worldwide, this book addresses the following questions: What are these mechanisms and how do they work? How much finance have they mobilised and what potential is there to scale this up? And what are the key design and implementation issues that need to be addressed so that governments can ensure these mechanisms are environmentally effective, economically efficient and distributionally equitable?
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264205420
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Kenya
    Abstract: This report presents the Phase 1 Global Tax Forum Peer Review of Kenya for 2013. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789264192041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Türkei ; Taxation ; Turkey
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264204256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les compétences 2013 ; Premiers résultats de l'Evaluation des compétences des adultes
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202276
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (236 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Jordanien ; Finance and Investment ; Jordan
    Abstract: This report presents the results of OECD's comprehensive review of Jordan's investment policy. It examines the role of investment in Jordan's economy, Jordan's investment regime and the national treatment instrument, Jordan's policy framework for investment, Jordan's adherence to the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterpriese, and its investment framework in support of green growth.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264206380
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Series Statement: Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews; Luxembourg 2013; Phase 2; Implementation of the Standard in Practice
    Keywords: Taxation ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Ce rapport contient l’examen de « Phase 2 : mise en œuvre pratique des normes » ainsi que la version révisée de la « Phase 1 : évaluation de la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire » déjà publiée pour Luxembourg. Le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales est l’enceinte multilatérale au sein de laquelle le travail en matière de transparence fiscale et d’échange de renseignements est mené par plus de 120 juridictions participant, sur un pied d’égalité, aux travaux du Forum mondial. Le Forum mondial est chargé de la surveillance approfondie et de l’examen par les pairs de la mise en œuvre des standards en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Ces standards sont essentiellement reflétés dans le Modèle d’accord d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale et ses commentaires publiés en 2002 par l’OCDE et dans l’article 26 du Modèle de convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune de l’OCDE et ses commentaires, tels que mis à jour en 2004. Ces standards ont aussi été repris dans le Modèle de convention fiscale des Nations Unies. Les standards prévoient l’échange de renseignements sur demande des informations vraisemblablement pertinentes pour l’administration et l’application de la législation fiscale interne de la partie requérante. La pêche aux renseignements n’est pas autorisée mais tous les renseignements vraisemblablement pertinents doivent être fournis, y compris les renseignements bancaires et les renseignements détenus par des agents fiduciaires, sans tenir compte de l’existence d’un intérêt fiscal national. Tous les membres du Forum mondial, ainsi que les juridictions identifiées par le Forum mondial comme pertinentes pour ses travaux, seront examinés. Ce processus est réalisé en deux phases. L’examen de phase 1 évalue la qualité du cadre juridique et réglementaire des juridictions en matière d’échange de renseignements alors que l’examen de phase 2 se concentre sur la mise en œuvre pratique de ce cadre. Certains membres du Forum mondial font l’objet d’un examen combiné – phase 1 et phase 2. Le but final vise à aider les juridictions à mettre effectivement en œuvre les standards internationaux en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements en matière fiscale. Tous les rapports d’examen, sont publiés une fois adoptés par le Forum mondial et doivent donc être considérés comme des rapports approuvés du Forum mondial. Pour plus d’information sur les travaux du Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales et pour obtenir des copies des rapports d’examen qui ont été publiés, il convient de consulter le site Internet du Forum mondial : www.oecd.org/fiscalite/transparence et www.eoi-tax.org .
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201248
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutter contre l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung - Situationsbeschreibung und Lösungsansätze
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lucha contra la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Russian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: A erosão da base tributária constitui um grave risco à receita, à soberania e à equidade fiscais de muitos países. Embora essa prática possa afetar o erário nacional de diversas maneiras, a transferência de lucros é uma das mais comuns. Esse relatório apresenta os estudos e dados de domínio público disponíveis com relação à existência e à magnitude da problemática da erosão da base tributária e da transferência de lucros, apresenta também um panorama dos desenvolvimentos globais que podem ter impacto na tributação de pessoas jurídicas e delinea os princípios que norteiam a tributação das atividades transnacionais e as oportunidades de erosão da base tributária e de transferência de lucros que possam daí advir. O relatório conclui que as regras atuais oferecem possibilidades de aumentar os lucros, associando-os a disposições legais, direitos e obrigações intangíveis, bem como de transferir riscos legalmente no interior do grupo, o que, por conseguinte, reduz a parcela dos lucros associados a operações concretas. O relatório recomenda desenvolver um plano de ação de alcance mundial para abordar a problemática da erosão da base tributária e a transferência de lucros.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264205840
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews for the Netherlands, now updated to include Phase 2 ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264193574
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Integrity Review of Tunisia; The Public Sector Framework
    Keywords: Governance ; Tunisia
    Abstract: Ce rapport évalue le cadre d’intégrité du secteur public tunisien pour apporter un premier éclaircissement sur les mesures qui doivent être mises en place. Cette évaluation se base sur la Recommandation de l’OCDE de 1998 portant sur l’Amélioration des comportements éthiques dans le service public et les Principes de 2008 de l’OCDE pour renforcer l’intégrité dans les marchés publics. Le rapport comprend également des références aux expériences des pays du Moyen Orient et d’Afrique du Nord dans la mise en place de politiques de promotion de l’intégrité. Les propositions d’action de cette première évaluation fournissent une feuille de route aux autorités tunisiennes en vue de renforcer le cadre d’intégrité dans le secteur public. Elles incluent, parmi d'autres, la réalisation des diagnostics détaillés des vulnérabilités dans le système pour identifier des mesures prioritaires de réforme. En plus, il est conseillé aux autorités d'identifier des mesures prioritaires sur la base des diagnostics developer en coopération avec les parties prenantes. Un accent particulier est mis sur le domaine des marchés publics qui est un domaine particulièrement vulnérable à la corruption.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201224
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutter contre l'érosion de la base d'imposition et le transfert de bénéfices
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung - Situationsbeschreibung und Lösungsansätze
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combate à Erosão da Base Tributária e à Transferência de Lucros
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (Russian version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: La erosión de bases imponibles constituye un grave riesgo para los ingresos tributarios, la soberanía fiscal y la equidad tributaria de muchos países. Si bien existen numerosas formas de erosionar las bases imponibles dentro de cada jurisdicción, una fuente significativa de la erosión es el traslado de beneficios al exterior. En este informe se describen los estudios y datos de carácter público relativos a la existencia y magnitud de estos fenómenos, se presenta un panorama general de los acontecimientos internacionales con repercusión en la tributación de las empresas, y se incluye un panorama general de los principios fundamentales de la imposición de las actividades transfronterizas, así como de las posibilidades de erosionar la base imponible y trasladar los beneficios a que tales principios pudieran dar lugar. A modo de conclusión, el informe sostiene que las reglas vigentes permiten manipular los beneficios a base de estructuras jurídicas artificiosas y de derechos y obligaciones intangibles, y trasvasar legalmente los riesgos intragrupo, con la consecuencia de reducir la parte de los beneficios relacionados con las actividades productivas. Este informe recomienda la elaboración de un plan de acción a escala mundial para resolver el problema de la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264205888
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Keywords: Taxation ; Norway
    Abstract: This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews of Norway, now updated with ratings. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264191860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes peer reviews
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Polen ; Taxation ; Poland
    Abstract: The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789264193819
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rapporto OCSE sull'integrità in Italia; Rafforzare l'integrità nel settore pubblico, ripristinare la fiducia per una crescita sostenibile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD integrity review of Italy
    DDC: 351
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Sektor ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Anti-Korruption ; Governance-Ansatz ; Italien ; Governance ; Italy ; Italien ; Verwaltung ; Korruption ; Bekämpfung
    Abstract: In response to the ongoing economic crisis, Italy is undertaking a series of critically important reforms, combining pro-growth policies with severe austerity measures to achieve fiscal consolidation. The success of these structural reforms will rely heavily on the capacity of the government to restore trust in its ability and commitment to guide the country towards sustainable economic growth. At the time of this publication, however, less than a quarter of Italian citizens trusted the quality of government decision-making. Concerns over public integrity and corruption stand out as key elements underlying this prevailing lack of trust. To restore the deficit of trust in the Italian government, the public sector needs to be embedded within a comprehensive integrity framework. Law 190 of November 6, 2012 (the Anti-Corruption Law) enshrines public sector integrity management and strengthens existing corruption prevention provisions through the designation of a new anti-corruption authority, a detailed framework for the adoption of a national anti-corruption plan, and new provisions regarding the conduct and prevention of conflict of interests in the public sector. This OECD Integrity Review provides guidance on the implementation of key integrity and corruption prevention elements of the Law, most notably those concerning institutional coordination, the regulation of conduct and whistleblower protection, and management of integrity risks in public sector activities. The review concludes each chapter with proposals for action, with OECD member countries’ best practices in mind, with the ultimate goal of supporting Italy in its efforts to enhance integrity in the public sector and restore trust.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264203204
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 2011 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee Guida OCSE destinate alle Imprese Multinazionali 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 2011 Edition (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264202863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ICTs and the Health Sector; Towards Smarter Health and Wellness Models (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als ICTs and the health sector
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Medizinische Informatik
    Abstract: The future sustainability of health systems will depend on how well governments are able to anticipate and respond to efficiency and quality of care challenges. Bold action is required, as well as willingness to test innovative care delivery approaches. The greatest promise for transformational change is in applications that encourage new, ubiquitous, participatory preventive and personalised smart models of care. A whole new world of possibilities in using mobiles and the Internet to address healthcare challenges has opened up. The potential of mobile devices, services and applications to support self-management, behavioural modification and "participatory healthcare" is greater than ever before. A key hurdle is, however, the big data challenge, dealing with the exponentially accelerating accumulation of patient data – all of which must be mined, stored securely and accurately, and converted to meaningful information at the point of care. In order to fully exploit the new smart approaches to care, acceptance, privacy and usability issues will also have to be carefully considered.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264201545
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The internet economy on the rise
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic Commerce ; Internetnutzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Bericht ; Electronic Commerce ; OECD
    Abstract: This publication reviews progress made since the 2008 OECD Seoul Declaration for the Future of the Internet Economy and identifies areas for future work. Seven themes are addressed in the work as follows: High-speed infrastructure Digital content and green ICTs The development of smarter applications Cybersecurity and privacy Consumer empowerment and protection An open Internet economy Global participation for development. Overall, the review shows that the Internet economy has now reached a point where it has become a new source of growth, with the potential to boost the whole economy, to foster innovation, competitiveness and user participation, and to contribute effectively to the prosperity of society as a whole.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264201903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Fighting Corruption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Anti-corruption Reforms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; Progress and Challenges, 2009-2013 (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Anti-corruption reforms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
    Keywords: 2009-2013 ; Anti-Korruption ; Osteuropa ; Zentralasien ; Governance ; Osteuropa ; Zentralasien ; Korruption ; Bekämpfung ; Reformpolitik ; Geschichte 2009-2013
    Abstract: During several past years countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have introduced important anti-corruption reforms. However, corruption remains high in the region. This report identifies progress achieved in the region as well as remaining challenges which require further action by countries. The report analyses three broad areas of anti-corruption work, including anti-corruption policies and institutions, criminalisation of corruption and law-enforcement, and measures to prevent corruption in public administration and in the business sector. The analysis is illustrated by examples of good practice from various countries and comparative cross-country data. The report focuses on eight countries in the region which participate in the OECD/ACN initiative knows as the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan which including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. It also presents examples from other countries in the region to give a broader perspective for the analysis. The report covers the period between 2008 and 2012, when the second round of monitoring of Istanbul Action Plan countries was implemented, and is based on the results of this monitoring.
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