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  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014  (787)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2011  (787)
  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen  (787)
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Material
Language
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2010-2014  (787)
  • 2005-2009
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Data, Methods, Models and Their Applications in Geoscience (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533077376
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Abstract: With growing attention on global environmental and climate change, geoscience has experienced rapid change and development in the last three decades. Many new data, methods and modeling techniques have been developed and applied in various aspects of geoscience. The chapters collected in this book present an excellent profile of the current state of various data, analysis methods and modeling techniques, and demonstrate their applications from hydrology, geology and paleogeomorphology, to geophysics, environmental and climate change. The wide range methods and techniques covered in the book include information systems and technology, global position system (GPS), digital sediment core image analysis, fuzzy set theory for hydrology, spatial interpolation, spectral analysis of geophysical data, GIS-based hydrological models, high resolution geological models, 3D sedimentology, change detection from remote sensing, etc. Besides two comprehensive review articles, most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular method or technique
    Note: English
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis - Core Concepts, Shifting Paradigms and Therapeutic Targets (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533076904
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (704 p.)
    Abstract: Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Core Concepts, Shifting Paradigms, and Therapeutic Targets, delivers the concepts embodied within its title. This exciting book presents the full array of theories about the causes of Alzheimer's, including fresh concepts that have gained ground among both professionals and the lay public. Acknowledged experts provide highly informative yet critical reviews of the factors that most likely contribute to Alzheimer's, including genetics, metabolic deficiencies, oxidative stress, and possibly environmental exposures. Evidence that Alzheimer's resembles a brain form of diabetes is discussed from different perspectives, ranging from disease mechanisms to therapeutics. This book is further energized by discussions of how neurotransmitter deficits, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress impair neuronal plasticity and contribute to Alzheimer's neurodegeneration. The diversity of topics presented in just the right depth will interest clinicians and researchers alike. This book inspires confidence that effective treatments could be developed based upon the expanding list of potential therapeutic targets
    Note: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering Processes (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533076195
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (320 p.)
    Abstract: This book offers several solutions or approaches in solving mass transfer problems for different practical chemical engineering applications: measurements of the diffusion coefficients, estimation of the mass transfer coefficients, mass transfer limitation in separation processes like drying, extractions, absorption, membrane processes, mass transfer in the microbial fuel cell design, and problems of the mass transfer coupled with the heterogeneous combustion. I believe this book can provide its readers with interesting ideas and inspirations or direct solutions of their particular problems
    Note: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aquaculture and the Environment - A Shared Destiny (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533077499
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Abstract: Aquaculture is the art, science and business of cultivating aquatic animals and plants in fresh or marine waters. It is the extension of fishing, resulted from the fact that harvests of wild sources of fish and other aquatic species cannot keep up with the increased demand of a growing human population. Expansion of aquaculture can result with less care for the environment. The first pre-requisite to sustainable aquaculture is clean wate, but bad management of aquatic species production can alter or even destroy existing wild habitat, increase local pollution levels or negatively impact local species. Aquatic managers are aware of this and together with scientists are looking for modern and more effective solutions to many issues regarding fish farming. This book presents recent research results on the interaction between aquaculture and environment, and includes several case studies all over the world with the aim of improving and performing sustainable aquaculture
    Note: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Treating Textile Effluent (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533077048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Abstract: The treatment of textile wet processing effluent to meet stringent governmental regulations is a complex and continually evolving process. Treatment methods that were perfectly acceptable in the past may not be suitable today or in the future. This book provides new ideas and processes to assist the textile industry in meeting the challenging requirements of treating textile effluent
    Note: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced Biomedical Engineering (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533075556
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of recent and extended academic works in selected topics of biomedical signal processing, bio-imaging and biomedical ethics and legislation. This wide range of topics provide a valuable update to researchers in the multidisciplinary area of biomedical engineering and an interesting introduction for engineers new to the area. The techniques covered include modelling, experimentation and discussion with the application areas ranging from acoustics to oncology, health education and cardiovascular disease
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Laser Scanning, Theory and Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533072050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (578 p.)
    Abstract: Ever since the invention of laser by Schawlow and Townes in 1958, various innovative ideas of laser-based applications emerge very year. At the same time, scientists and engineers keep on improving laser's power density, size, and cost which patch up the gap between theories and implementations. More importantly, our everyday life is changed and influenced by lasers even though we may not be fully aware of its existence. For example, it is there in cross-continent phone calls, price tag scanning in supermarkets, pointers in the classrooms, printers in the offices, accurate metal cutting in machine shops, etc. In this volume, we focus the recent developments related to laser scanning, a very powerful technique used in features detection and measurement. We invited researchers who do fundamental works in laser scanning theories or apply the principles of laser scanning to tackle problems encountered in medicine, geodesic survey, biology and archaeology. Twenty-eight chapters contributed by authors around the world to constitute this comprehensive book
    Note: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optoelectronics - Materials and Techniques (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533072760
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (498 p.)
    Abstract: Optoelectronics - Materials and Techniques is the first part of an edited anthology on the multifaceted areas of optoelectronics by a selected group of authors including promising novices to the experts in the field. Photonics and optoelectronics are making an impact multiple times the semiconductor revolution made on the quality of our life. In telecommunication, entertainment devices, computational techniques, clean energy harvesting, medical instrumentation, materials and device characterization and scores of other areas of R&D the science of optics and electronics get coupled by fine technology advances to make incredibly large strides. The technology of light has advanced to a stage where disciplines sans boundaries are finding it indispensable. Smart materials and devices are fast emerging and being tested and applications developed in an unimaginable pace and speed. Here has been made an attempt to capture some of the materials and techniques and underlying physical and technical phenomena that make such developments possible through some real time players in the field contributing their work and this is sure to make this collection of essays extremely useful to students and other stake holders such as researchers and materials scientists in the area of optoelectronics
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implant Dentistry - A Rapidly Evolving Practice (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533076584
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (558 p.)
    Abstract: Implant dentistry has come a long way since Dr. Branemark introduced the osseointegration concept with endosseous implants. The use of dental implants has increased exponentially in the last three decades. As implant treatment became more predictable, the benefits of therapy became evident. The demand for dental implants has fueled a rapid expansion of the market. Presently, general dentists and a variety of specialists offer implants as a solution to partial and complete edentulism. Implant dentistry continues to evolve and expand with the development of new surgical and prosthodontic techniques. The aim of Implant Dentistry - A Rapidly Evolving Practice, is to provide a comtemporary clinic resource for dentists who want to replace missing teeth with dental implants. It is a text that relates one chapter to every other chapter and integrates common threads among science, clinical experience and future concepts. This book consists of 23 chapters divided into five sections. We believe that, Implant Dentistry: A Rapidly Evolving Practice, will be a valuable source for dental students, post-graduate residents, general dentists and specialists who want to know more about dental implants
    Note: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Herbicides and Environment (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533074764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (762 p.)
    Abstract: Herbicides are much more than just weed killers. They may exhibit beneficial or adverse effects on other organisms. Given their toxicological, environmental but also agricultural relevance, herbicides are an interesting field of activity not only for scientists working in the field of agriculture. It seems that the investigation of herbicide-induced effects on weeds, crop plants, ecosystems, microorganisms, and higher organism requires a multidisciplinary approach. Some important aspects regarding the multisided impacts of herbicides on the living world are highlighted in this book. I am sure that the readers will find a lot of helpful information, even if they are only slightly interested in the topic
    Note: English
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Herbicides, Theory and Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533079752
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (624 p.)
    Abstract: The content selected in Herbicides, Theory and Applications is intended to provide researchers, producers and consumers of herbicides an overview of the latest scientific achievements. Although we are dealing with many diverse and different topics, we have tried to compile this ""raw material"" into three major sections in search of clarity and order - Weed Control and Crop Management, Analytical Techniques of Herbicide Detection and Herbicide Toxicity and Further Applications. The editors hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the methodology of use of herbicides, weed control as well as problems related to its use, abuse and misuse
    Note: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533072487
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (688 p.)
    Abstract: This book is the second in the series of publications in this field by this publisher, and contains a number of latest research developments on ionic liquids (ILs). This promising new area has received a lot of attention during the last 20 years. Readers will find 30 chapters collected in 6 sections on recent applications of ILs in polymer sciences, material chemistry, catalysis, nanotechnology, biotechnology and electrochemical applications. The authors of each chapter are scientists and technologists from different countries with strong expertise in their respective fields. You will be able to perceive a trend analysis and examine recent developments in different areas of ILs chemistry and technologies. The book should help in systematization of knowledges in ILs science, creation of new approaches in this field and further promotion of ILs technologies for the future
    Note: English
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533073491
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (750 p.)
    Abstract: Ionic Liquids (ILs) are one of the most interesting and rapidly developing areas of modern physical chemistry, technologies and engineering. This book, consisting of 29 chapters gathered in 4 sections, reviews in detail and compiles information about some important physical-chemical properties of ILs and new practical approaches. This is the first book of a series of forthcoming publications on this field by this publisher. The first volume covers some aspects of synthesis, isolation, production, modification, the analysis methods and modeling to reveal the structures and properties of some room temperature ILs, as well as their new possible applications. The book will be of help to chemists, physicists, biologists, technologists and other experts in a variety of disciplines, both academic and industrial, as well as to students and PhD students. It may help to promote the progress in ILs development also
    Note: English
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Importance of Biological Interactions in the Study of Biodiversity (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533077512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Abstract: The term biodiversity defines not only all the variety of life in the Earth but also their complex interactions. Under the current scenario of biodiversity loss, and in order to preserve it, it is essential to achieve a deep understanding on all the aspects related to the biological interactions, including their functioning and significance. This volume contains several contributions (nineteen in total) that illustrate the state of the art of the academic research in the field of biological interactions in its widest sense; that is, not only the interactions between living organisms are considered, but also those between living organisms and abiotic elements of the environment as well as those between living organisms and the humans
    Note: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
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    Holography, Research and Technologies (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533072272
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (468 p.)
    Abstract: Holography has recently become a field of much interest because of the many new applications implemented by various holographic techniques. This book is a collection of 22 excellent chapters written by various experts, and it covers various aspects of holography. The chapters of the book are organized in six sections, starting with theory, continuing with materials, techniques, applications as well as digital algorithms, and finally ending with non-optical holograms. The book contains recent outputs from researches belonging to different research groups worldwide, providing a rich diversity of approaches to the topic of holography
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment and Some of Its Associated Complications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533077017
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a complex illness affecting the immune system. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an advanced form of HIV infection in which the patient has developed opportunistic infections or certain types of cancer and/or the CD4+ T cell count has dropped below 200/μL. More than 40 million persons around the world are infected with HIV, with approximately 14,000 new infections every day. The disease causes 3 million deaths worldwide each year, 95% of them in developing countries. Optimal management of human immunodeficiency virus requires strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) regimens, but the complexity of these regimens (e.g., pill burden, food requirements, drug interactions, and severe adverse effects) limits effective treatment. However, more patients with HIV are surviving longer today because of these drugs. This allows further study of commonly associated adverse effects. These may affect all body systems and range from serious toxicities to uncomfortable but manageable events. This book reviews some of HAART-related metabolic and neurological complications
    Note: English
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  • 17
    Online Resource
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    Hydraulic Conductivity - Issues, Determination and Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533072883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (448 p.)
    Abstract: There are several books on broad aspects of hydrogeology, groundwater hydrology and geohydrology, which do not discuss in detail on the intrigues of hydraulic conductivity elaborately. However, this book on Hydraulic Conductivity presents comprehensive reviews of new measurements and numerical techniques for estimating hydraulic conductivity. This is achieved by the chapters written by various experts in this field of research into a number of clustered themes covering different aspects of hydraulic conductivity. The sections in the book are: Hydraulic conductivity and its importance, Hydraulic conductivity and plant systems, Determination by mathematical and laboratory methods, Determination by field techniques and Modelling and hydraulic conductivity. Each of these sections of the book includes chapters highlighting the salient aspects and most of these chapters explain the facts with the help of some case studies. Thus this book has a good mix of chapters dealing with various and vital aspects of hydraulic conductivity from various authors of different countries
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  • 18
    Online Resource
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    Heat Transfer - Theoretical Analysis, Experimental Investigations and Industrial Systems (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533072265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (668 p.)
    Abstract: Over the past few decades there has been a prolific increase in research and development in area of heat transfer, heat exchangers and their associated technologies. This book is a collection of current research in the above mentioned areas and discusses experimental, theoretical and calculation approaches and industrial utilizations with modern ideas and methods to study heat transfer for single and multiphase systems. The topics considered include various basic concepts of heat transfer, the fundamental modes of heat transfer (namely conduction, convection and radiation), thermophysical properties, condensation, boiling, freezing, innovative experiments, measurement analysis, theoretical models and simulations, with many real-world problems and important modern applications. The book is divided in four sections : ""Heat Transfer in Micro Systems"", ""Boiling, Freezing and Condensation Heat Transfer"", ""Heat Transfer and its Assessment"", ""Heat Transfer Calculations"", and each section discusses a wide variety of techniques, methods and applications in accordance with the subjects. The combination of theoretical and experimental investigations with many important practical applications of current interest will make this book of interest to researchers, scientists, engineers and graduate students, who make use of experimental and theoretical investigations, assessment and enhancement techniques in this multidisciplinary field as well as to researchers in mathematical modelling, computer simulations and information sciences, who make use of experimental and theoretical investigations as a means of critical assessment of models and results derived from advanced numerical simulations and improvement of the developed models and numerical methods
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Non-Viral Gene Therapy (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533075389
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (708 p.)
    Abstract: This book focuses on recent advancement of gene delivery systems research. With the multidisciplinary contribution in gene delivery, the book covers several aspects in the gene therapy development: various gene delivery systems, methods to enhance delivery, materials with modification and multifunction for the tumor or tissue targeting. This book will help molecular biologists gain a basic knowledge of gene delivery vehicles, while drug delivery scientist will better understand DNA, molecular biology, and DNA manipulation
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  • 20
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    Nanowires - Fundamental Research (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533073279
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (566 p.)
    Abstract: Understanding and building up the foundation of nanowire concept is a high requirement and a bridge to new technologies. Any attempt in such direction is considered as one step forward in the challenge of advanced nanotechnology. In the last few years, InTech scientific publisher has been taking the initiative of helping worldwide scientists to share and improve the methods and the nanowire technology. This book is one of InTech’s attempts to contribute to the promotion of this technology
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  • 21
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    Nanocomposites with Unique Properties and Applications in Medicine and Industry (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533073514
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Abstract: This book contains chapters on nanocomposites for engineering hard materials for high performance aircraft, rocket and automobile use, using laser pulses to form metal coatings on glass and quartz, and also tungsten carbide-cobalt nanoparticles using high voltage discharges. A major section of this book is largely devoted to chapters outlining and applying analytic methods needed for studies of nanocomposites. As such, this book will serve as good resource for such analytic methods
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  • 22
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    Nanocomposites and Polymers with Analytical Methods (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (418 p.)
    Abstract: This book contains 16 chapters. In the first part, there are 8 chapters describing new materials and analytic methods. These materials include chapters on gold nanoparticles and Sol-Gel metal oxides, nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes, methods of evaluation by depth sensing, and other methods. The second part contains 3 chapters featuring new materials with unique properties including optical non-linearities, new materials based on pulp fibers, and the properties of nano-filled polymers. The last part contains 5 chapters with applications of new materials for medical devices, anodes for lithium batteries, electroceramics, phase change materials and matrix active nanoparticles
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  • 23
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    New Approaches to Characterization and Recognition of Faces (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533075150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Abstract: As a baby, one of our earliest stimuli is that of human faces. We rapidly learn to identify, characterize and eventually distinguish those who are near and dear to us. We accept face recognition later as an everyday ability. We realize the complexity of the underlying problem only when we attempt to duplicate this skill in a computer vision system. This book is arranged around a number of clustered themes covering different aspects of face recognition. The first section presents an architecture for face recognition based on Hidden Markov Models; it is followed by an article on coding methods. The next section is devoted to 3D methods of face recognition and is followed by a section covering various aspects and techniques in video. Next short section is devoted to the characterization and detection of features in faces. Finally, you can find an article on the human perception of faces and how different neurological or psychological disorders can affect this
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  • 24
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    New Trends and Developments in Automotive System Engineering (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075174
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Abstract: In the last few years the automobile design process is required to become more responsible and responsibly related to environmental needs. Basing the automotive design not only on the appearance, the visual appearance of the vehicle needs to be thought together and deeply integrated with the “power” developed by the engine. The purpose of this book is to try to present the new technologies development scenario, and not to give any indication about the direction that should be given to the research in this complex and multi-disciplinary challenging field
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  • 25
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    Nanomaterials (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533079134
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Abstract: The book ""Nanomaterials"" includes all aspects of metal-oxide nano-structures, nano-composites, and polymer materials instigating with materials survey and preparations, growth and characterizations, processing and fabrications, developments and potential applications. These topics have utilized innovative methods of preparation, improvement, and continuous changes in multidimensional ways. The innovative frontiers are branching out from time to time to advanced nanotechnology. It is an important booklet for scientific organizations, governmental research-centers, academic libraries, and the overall research and development of nano-materials in general. It has been created for widespread audience with diverse backgrounds and education
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  • 26
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    Numerical Simulations of Physical and Engineering Processes (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533076201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (614 p.)
    Abstract: Numerical Simulations of Physical and Engineering Process is an edited book divided into two parts. Part I devoted to Physical Processes contains 14 chapters, whereas Part II titled Engineering Processes has 13 contributions. The book handles the recent research devoted to numerical simulations of physical and engineering systems. It can be treated as a bridge linking various numerical approaches of two closely inter-related branches of science, i.e. physics and engineering. Since the numerical simulations play a key role in both theoretical and application oriented research, professional reference books are highly needed by pure research scientists, applied mathematicians, engineers as well post-graduate students. In other words, it is expected that the book will serve as an effective tool in training the mentioned groups of researchers and beyond
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  • 27
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    New Frontiers in Tectonic Research - General Problems, Sedimentary Basins and Island Arcs (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Abstract: This book is devoted to different aspects of tectonic research. Syntheses of recent and earlier works, combined with new results and interpretations, are presented in this book for diverse tectonic settings. Most of the chapters include up-to-date material of detailed geological investigations, often combined with geophysical data, which can help understand more clearly the essence of mechanisms of different tectonic processes. Some chapters are dedicated to general problems of tectonics. Another block of chapters is devoted to sedimentary basins and special attention in this book is given to tectonic processes on active plate margins
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  • 28
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    New Frontiers in Tectonic Research - At the Midst of Plate Convergence (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (366 p.)
    Abstract: Ocean closure involves a variety of converging tectonic processes that reshape shrinking basins, their adjacent margins and the entire earth underneath. Following continental breakup, margin formation and sediment accumulation, tectonics normally relaxes and the margins become passive for millions of years. However, when final convergence is at the gate, the passive days of any ocean and its margins are over or soon will be. The fate of the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf is seemingly known beforehand, as they are nestled in the midst of Africa-Arabia plate convergence with Eurasia. Over millions of years through the Cenozoic era they progressively shriveled, leaving only a glimpse of the Tethys Ocean. Eventually, the basins will adhere to the Alpine-Himalaya orogen and dissipate. This book focuses on a unique stage in the ocean closure process, when significant convergence already induced major deformations, yet the inter-plate basins and margins still record the geological history
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    Nanowires - Implementations and Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073187
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (552 p.)
    Abstract: This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the implementation of nanowires. As it is widely known, nanotechnology presents the control of matter at the nanoscale and nanodimensions within few nanometers, whereas this exclusive phenomenon enables us to determine novel applications. This book presents an overview of recent and current nanowire application and implementation research worldwide. We examine methods of nanowire synthesis, types of materials used, and applications associated with nanowire research. Wide surveys of global activities in nanowire research are presented, as well
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    Nanofibers - Production, Properties and Functional Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9789533074207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (470 p.)
    Abstract: As an important one-dimensional nanomaterial, nanofibers have extremely high specific surface area because of their small diameters, and nanofiber membranes are highly porous with excellent pore interconnectivity. These unique characteristics plus the functionalities from the materials themselves impart nanofibers with a number of novel properties for advanced applications. This book is a compilation of contributions made by experts who specialize in nanofibers. It provides an up-to-date coverage of in nanofiber preparation, properties and functional applications. I am deeply appreciative of all the authors and have no doubt that their contribution will be a useful resource for anyone associated with the discipline of nanofibers
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    Non-Flavivirus Encephalitis (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077208
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Abstract: This book covers the different aspects of non-flavivirus encephalitises of different ethiology. The first section of the book considers general problems of epidemiology such as study of zoonotic and animal vectors of encephalitis causative agents and methods and approaches for encephalitis zoonoses investigations. The members of different virus species are known to be the causative agents of encephalitis, so the second section of the book is devoted to these viral pathogens, their epidemiology, pathology, diagnostics and molecular mechanisms of encephalitis development by such viruses as HIV/SIV, herpes simplex virus type 1 and equine herpesvirus 9, measles virus, coronaviruses, alphaviruses and rabies virus. The next section of the book concerns the study of protozoan pathogens such as toxoplasma and amoebae. The last section of the book is devoted to multicellular pathogen as human Filaria Loa Loa - a filarial worm restricted to the West Africa
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    Neurodegenerative Diseases - Processes, Prevention, Protection and Monitoring (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (572 p.)
    Abstract: Neurodegenerative Diseases - Processes, Prevention, Protection and Monitoring focuses on biological mechanisms, prevention, neuroprotection and even monitoring of disease progression. This book emphasizes the general biological processes of neurodegeneration in different neurodegenerative diseases. Although the primary etiology for different neurodegenerative diseases is different, there is a high level of similarity in the disease processes. The first three sections introduce how toxic proteins, intracellular calcium and oxidative stress affect different biological signaling pathways or molecular machineries to inform neurons to undergo degeneration. A section discusses how neighboring glial cells modulate or promote neurodegeneration. In the next section an evaluation is given of how hormonal and metabolic control modulate disease progression, which is followed by a section exploring some preventive methods using natural products and new pharmacological targets. We also explore how medical devices facilitate patient monitoring. This book is suitable for different readers: college students can use it as a textbook; researchers in academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies can take it as updated research information; health care professionals can take it as a reference book, even patients' families, relatives and friends can take it as a good basis to understand neurodegenerative diseases
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    Graphene Simulation (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075563
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (388 p.)
    Abstract: Graphene, a conceptually new class of materials in condensed-matter physics, has been the interest of many theoretical studies due to the extraordinary thermal, mechanical and electrical properties for a long time. This book is a collection of the recent theoretical work on graphene from many experts, and will help readers to have a thorough and deep understanding in this fast developing field
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    Genetic Transformation (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073644
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (342 p.)
    Abstract: Genetic transformation of plants has revolutionized both basic and applied plant research. Plant molecular biology and physiology benefit from this power fool, as well as biotechnology. This book is a review of some of the most significant achievements that plant transformation has brought to the fields of Agrobacterium biology, crop improvement and, flower, fruit and tree amelioration. Also, it examines their impact on molecular farming, phytoremediation and RNAi tools
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    Ferroelectrics - Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Abstract: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on the application of ferroelectric devices to innovative systems. In particular, the use of these materials as varying capacitors, gyroscope, acoustics sensors and actuators, microgenerators and memory devices will be exposed, providing an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric devices
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    Ferroelectrics - Physical Effects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (668 p.)
    Abstract: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on the underlying mechanisms of ferroelectric materials, including general ferroelectric effect, piezoelectricity, optical properties, and multiferroic and magnetoelectric devices. The aim of this book is to provide an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric systems, allowing a deep understanding of the physical aspect of ferroelectricity
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    Ferroelectrics - Material Aspects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (532 p.)
    Abstract: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on ways to obtain high-quality materials exhibiting large ferroelectric activity. The book covers the aspect of material synthesis and growth, doping and composites, lead-free devices, and thin film synthesis. The aim of this book is to provide an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric materials, allowing a deep understanding of the material aspects of ferroelectricity
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    Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074559
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (600 p.)
    Abstract: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on the characterization of ferroelectric materials, including structural, electrical and multiphysic aspects, as well as innovative techniques for modeling and predicting the performance of these devices using phenomenological approaches and nonlinear methods. Hence, the aim of this book is to provide an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric system characterization and modeling, allowing a deep understanding of ferroelectricity
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    Global Warming Impacts - Case Studies on the Economy, Human Health, and on Urban and Natural Environments (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077857
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Abstract: This book addresses the theme of the impacts of global warming on different specific fields, ranging from the regional and global economy, to agriculture, human health, urban areas, land vegetation, marine areas and mangroves. Despite the volume of scientific work that has been undertaken in relation to each of each of these issues, the study of the impacts of global warming upon them is a relatively recent and unexplored topic. The chapters of this book offer a broad overview of potential applications of global warming science. As this science continues to evolve, confirm and reject study hypotheses, it is hoped that this book will stimulate further developments in relation to the impacts of changes in the global climate
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    Gene Duplication (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Abstract: The book Gene Duplication consists of 21 chapters divided in 3 parts: General Aspects, A Look at Some Gene Families and Examining Bundles of Genes. The importance of the study of Gene Duplication stems from the realization that the dynamic process of duplication is the “sine qua non” underlying the evolution of all living matter. Genes may be altered before or after the duplication process thereby undergoing neofunctionalization, thus creating in time new organisms which populate the Earth
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    Evolutionary Algorithms (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533071718
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (598 p.)
    Abstract: Evolutionary algorithms are successively applied to wide optimization problems in the engineering, marketing, operations research, and social science, such as include scheduling, genetics, material selection, structural design and so on. Apart from mathematical optimization problems, evolutionary algorithms have also been used as an experimental framework within biological evolution and natural selection in the field of artificial life
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    Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075082
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (436 p.)
    Abstract: As the fastest growing source of energy in the world, wind has a very important role to play in the global energy mix. This text covers a spectrum of leading edge topics critical to the rapidly evolving wind power industry. The reader is introduced to the fundamentals of wind energy aerodynamics; then essential structural, mechanical, and electrical subjects are discussed. The book is composed of three sections that include the Aerodynamics and Environmental Loading of Wind Turbines, Structural and Electromechanical Elements of Wind Power Conversion, and Wind Turbine Control and System Integration. In addition to the fundamental rudiments illustrated, the reader will be exposed to specialized applied and advanced topics including magnetic suspension bearing systems, structural health monitoring, and the optimized integration of wind power into micro and smart grids
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    Fourier Transforms - New Analytical Approaches and FTIR Strategies (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533072326
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (540 p.)
    Abstract: New analytical strategies and techniques are necessary to meet requirements of modern technologies and new materials. In this sense, this book provides a thorough review of current analytical approaches, industrial practices, and strategies in Fourier transform application
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    Fourier Transforms - Approach to Scientific Principles (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533072319
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (484 p.)
    Abstract: This book aims to provide information about Fourier transform to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy, by explaining the fundamental aspects of the Fourier transform, and techniques for analyzing infrared data obtained for a wide number of materials. It summarizes the theory, instrumentation, methodology, techniques and application of FTIR spectroscopy, and improves the performance and quality of FTIR spectrophotometers
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    DNA Replication - Current Advances (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075938
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (710 p.)
    Abstract: The study of DNA advanced human knowledge in a way comparable to the major theories in physics, surpassed only by discoveries such as fire or the number zero. However, it also created conceptual shortcuts, beliefs and misunderstandings that obscure the natural phenomena, hindering its better understanding. The deep conviction that no human knowledge is perfect, but only perfectible, should function as a fair safeguard against scientific dogmatism and enable open discussion. With this aim, this book will offer to its readers 30 chapters on current trends in the field of DNA replication. As several contributions in this book show, the study of DNA will continue for a while to be a leading front of scientific activities
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    Desalination, Trends and Technologies (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073118
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Abstract: The book comprises 14 chapters covering all the issues related to water desalination. These chapters emphasize the relationship between problems encountered with the use of feed water, the processes developed to address them, the operation of the required plants and solutions actually implemented. This compendium will assist designers, engineers and investigators to select the process and plant configuration that are most appropriate for the particular feed water to be used, for the geographic region considered, as well as for the characteristics required of the treated water produced. This survey offers a comprehensive, hierarchical and logical assessment of the entire desalination industry. It starts with the worldwide scarcity of water and energy, continues with the thermal - and membrane-based processes and, finally, presents the design and operation of large and small desalination plants. As such, it covers all the scientific, technological and economical aspects of this critical industry, not disregarding its environmental and social points of view. One of InTech's books has received widespread praise across a number of key publications. Desalination, Trends and Technologies (Ed. Schorr, M. 2011) has been reviewed in Corrosion Engineering, Science & Technology – the official magazine for the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining, and Taylor & Francis's Desalination Publications. Praised for its “multi-faceted content [which] contributes to enrich it,” and described as “an essential companion...[that] enables the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the desalination industry,” this book is testament to the quality improvements we have been striving towards over the last twelve months
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    Developments in Heat Transfer (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075693
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (702 p.)
    Abstract: This book comprises heat transfer fundamental concepts and modes (specifically conduction, convection and radiation), bioheat, entransy theory development, micro heat transfer, high temperature applications, turbulent shear flows, mass transfer, heat pipes, design optimization, medical therapies, fiber-optics, heat transfer in surfactant solutions, landmine detection, heat exchangers, radiant floor, packed bed thermal storage systems, inverse space marching method, heat transfer in short slot ducts, freezing an drying mechanisms, variable property effects in heat transfer, heat transfer in electronics and process industries, fission-track thermochronology, combustion, heat transfer in liquid metal flows, human comfort in underground mining, heat transfer on electrical discharge machining and mixing convection. The experimental and theoretical investigations, assessment and enhancement techniques illustrated here aspire to be useful for many researchers, scientists, engineers and graduate students
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    Current Trends in X-Ray Crystallography (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077543
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (450 p.)
    Abstract: This book on X-ray Crystallography is a compilation of current trends in the use of X-ray crystallography and related structural determination methods in various fields. The methods covered here include single crystal small-molecule X-ray crystallography, macromolecular (protein) single crystal X-ray crystallography, and scattering and spectroscopic complimentary methods. The fields range from simple organic compounds, metal complexes to proteins, and also cover the meta-analyses of the database for weak interactions
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    Crystalline Silicon - Properties and Uses (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Abstract: The exciting world of crystalline silicon is the source of the spectacular advancement of discrete electronic devices and solar cells. The exploitation of ever changing properties of crystalline silicon with dimensional transformation may indicate more innovative silicon based technologies in near future. For example, the discovery of nanocrystalline silicon has largely overcome the obstacles of using silicon as optoelectronic material. The further research and development is necessary to find out the treasures hidden within this material. The book presents different forms of silicon material, their preparation and properties. The modern techniques to study the surface and interface defect states, dislocations, and so on, in different crystalline forms have been highlighted in this book. This book presents basic and applied aspects of different crystalline forms of silicon in wide range of information from materials to devices
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    A Comprehensive Book on Autism Spectrum Disorders (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074948
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (490 p.)
    Abstract: The aim of the book is to serve for clinical, practical, basic and scholarly practices. In twentyfive chapters it covers the most important topics related to Autism Spectrum Disorders in the efficient way and aims to be useful for health professionals in training or clinicians seeking an update. Different people with autism can have very different symptoms. Autism is considered to be a ""spectrum"" disorder, a group of disorders with similar features. Some people may experience merely mild disturbances, while the others have very serious symptoms. This book is aimed to be used as a textbook for child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship training and will serve as a reference for practicing psychologists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, general psychiatrists, pediatricians, child neurologists, nurses, social workers and family physicians. A free access to the full-text electronic version of the book via Intech reading platform at http://www.intechweb.org is a great bonus
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    Computational Modelling of Multi-scale Solute Dispersion in Porous Media - An Approach Based on Stochastic Calculus (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077260
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Abstract: This research monograph presents a mathematical approach based on stochastic calculus which tackles the ""cutting edge"" in porous media science and engineering - prediction of dispersivity from covariance of hydraulic conductivity (velocity). The problem is of extreme importance for tracer analysis, for enhanced recovery by injection of miscible gases, etc. This book explains a generalised mathematical model and effective numerical methods that may highly impact the stochastic porous media hydrodynamics. The book starts with a general overview of the problem of scale dependence of the dispersion coefficient in porous media. Then a review of pertinent topics of stochastic calculus that would be useful in the modeling in the subsequent chapters is succinctly presented. The development of a generalised stochastic solute transport model for any given velocity covariance without resorting to Fickian assumptions from laboratory scale to field scale is discussed in detail. The mathematical approaches presented here may be useful for many other problems related to chemical dispersion in porous media
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    Climate Change - Socioeconomic Effects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (470 p.)
    Abstract: This book shows some of the socio-economic impacts of climate change according to different estimates of the current or estimated global warming. A series of scientific and experimental research projects explore the impacts of climate change and browse the techniques to evaluate the related impacts. These 23 chapters provide a good overview of the different changes impacts that already have been detected in several regions of the world. They are part of an introduction to the researches being done around the globe in connection with this topic. However, climate change is not just an academic issue important only to scientists and environmentalists; it also has direct implications on various ecosystems and technologies
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    Climate Change - Geophysical Foundations and Ecological Effects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074191
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (536 p.)
    Abstract: This book offers an interdisciplinary view of the biophysical issues related to climate change. Climate change is a phenomenon by which the long-term averages of weather events (i.e. temperature, precipitation, wind speed, etc.) that define the climate of a region are not constant but change over time. There have been a series of past periods of climatic change, registered in historical or paleoecological records. In the first section of this book, a series of state-of-the-art research projects explore the biophysical causes for climate change and the techniques currently being used and developed for its detection in several regions of the world. The second section of the book explores the effects that have been reported already on the flora and fauna in different ecosystems around the globe. Among them, the ecosystems and landscapes in arctic and alpine regions are expected to be among the most affected by the change in climate, as they will suffer the more intense changes. The final section of this book explores in detail those issues
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    Climate Change - Research and Technology for Adaptation and Mitigation (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533076218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (504 p.)
    Abstract: This book provides an interdisciplinary view of how to prepare the ecological and socio-economic systems to the reality of climate change. Scientifically sound tools are needed to predict its effects on regional, rather than global, scales, as it is the level at which socio-economic plans are designed and natural ecosystem reacts. The first section of this book describes a series of methods and models to downscale the global predictions of climate change, estimate its effects on biophysical systems and monitor the changes as they occur. To reduce the magnitude of these changes, new ways of economic activity must be implemented. The second section of this book explores different options to reduce greenhouse emissions from activities such as forestry, industry and urban development. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that climate change can be minimized, but not avoided, and therefore the socio-economic systems around the world will have to adapt to the new conditions to reduce the adverse impacts to the minimum. The last section of this book explores some options for adaptation
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    Changing Diversity in Changing Environment (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077963
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Abstract: As everybody knows, the dynamic interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the anthropic ones, considerably affect global climate changes and consequently biology, ecology and distribution of life forms of our planet. These important natural events affect all ecosystems, causing important changes on biodiversity. Systematic and phylogenetic studies, biogeographic distribution analysis and evaluations of diversity richness are focal topics of this book written by international experts, some even considering economical effects and future perspectives on the managing and conservation plans
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    Biosensors for Health, Environment and Biosecurity (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074436
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (552 p.)
    Abstract: A biosensor is a detecting device that combines a transducer with a biologically sensitive and selective component. Biosensors can measure compounds present in the environment, chemical processes, food and human body at low cost if compared with traditional analytical techniques. This book covers a wide range of aspects and issues related to biosensor technology, bringing together researchers from 16 different countries. The book consists of 24 chapters written by 76 authors and divided in three sections: Biosensors Technology and Materials, Biosensors for Health and Biosensors for Environment and Biosecurity
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    Biodiversity Loss in a Changing Planet (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Abstract: Every ecosystem is a complex organization of carefully mixed life forms; a dynamic and particularly sensible system. Consequently, their progressive decline may accelerate climate change and vice versa, influencing flora and fauna composition and distribution, resulting in the loss of biodiversity. Climate changes effects are the principal topics of this volume. Written by internationally renowned contributors, Biodiversity loss in a changing planet offers attractive study cases focused on biodiversity evaluations and provisions in several different ecosystems, analysing the current life condition of many life forms, and covering very different biogeographic zones of the planet
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    Biotechnology of Biopolymers (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533071794
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (378 p.)
    Abstract: The book “Biotechnology of Biopolymers” comprises 17 chapters covering occurrence, synthesis, isolation and production, properties and applications, biodegradation and modification, the relevant analysis methods to reveal the structures and properties of biopolymers and a special section on the theoretical, experimental and mathematical models of biopolymers. This book will hopefully be supportive to many scientists, physicians, pharmaceutics, engineers and other experts in a wide variety of different disciplines, in academia and in industry. It may not only support research and development but may be also suitable for teaching. Publishing of this book was achieved by choosing authors of the individual chapters for their recognized expertise and for their excellent contributions to the various fields of research
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    Biomaterials - Physics and Chemistry (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074184
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (504 p.)
    Abstract: These contribution books collect reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of biomaterial development and use. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentialities of different synthetic and engineered biomaterials. Contributions were selected not based on a direct market or clinical interest, but based on results coming from very fundamental studies. This too will allow to gain a more general view of what and how the various biomaterials can do and work for, along with the methodologies necessary to design, develop and characterize them, without the restrictions necessarily imposed by industrial or profit concerns. The chapters have been arranged to give readers an organized view of this research area. In particular, this book contains 25 chapters related to recent researches on new and known materials, with a particular attention to their physical, mechanical and chemical characterization, along with biocompatibility and hystopathological studies. Readers will be guided inside the range of disciplines and design methodologies used to develope biomaterials possessing the physical and biological properties needed for specific medical and clinical applications
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    Biomaterials Applications for Nanomedicine (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533076614
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.)
    Abstract: These contribution books collect reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of biomaterial development and use. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentialities of different synthetic and engineered biomaterials. Contributions were selected not based on a direct market or clinical interest, but on results coming from a very fundamental studies. This too will allow to gain a more general view of what and how the various biomaterials can do and work for, along with the methodologies necessary to design, develop and characterize them, without the restrictions necessary imposed by industrial or profit concerns. Biomaterial constructs and supramolecular assemblies have been studied, for example, as drug and protein carriers, tissue scaffolds, or to manage the interactions between artificial devices and the body. In this volume of the biomaterial series have been gathered in particular reviews and papers focusing on the application of new and known macromolecular compounds to nanotechnology and nanomedicine, along with their chemical and mechanical engineering aimed to fit specific biomedical purposes
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    Carbon Nanotubes - Polymer Nanocomposites (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074986
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (412 p.)
    Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites are a class of material with a great deal of promise for potential applications in various industries ranging from construction to aerospace. The main difference between polymeric nanocomposites and conventional composites is the filler that is being used for reinforcement. In the nanocomposites the reinforcement is on the order of nanometer that leads to a very different final macroscopic property. Due to this unique feature polymeric nanocomposites have been studied exclusively in the last decade using various nanofillers such as minerals, sheets or fibers. This books focuses on the preparation and property analysis of polymer nanocomposites with CNTs (fibers) as nano fillers. The book has been divided into three sections. The first section deals with fabrication and property analysis of new carbon nanotube structures. The second section deals with preparation and characterization of polymer composites with CNTs followed by the various applications of polymers with CNTs in the third section
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    Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074801
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (744 p.)
    Abstract: This book aspires to be a comprehensive summary of current biofuels issues and thereby contribute to the understanding of this important topic. Readers will find themes including biofuels development efforts, their implications for the food industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program, insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts, water consumption, produced allergens and toxins. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme
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    Biofuel Production - Recent Developments and Prospects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (608 p.)
    Abstract: This book aspires to be a comprehensive summary of current biofuels issues and thereby contribute to the understanding of this important topic. Readers will find themes including biofuels development efforts, their implications for the food industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program, insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts, water consumption, produced allergens and toxins. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme
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    Advances in Ceramics : Characterization, Raw Materials, Processing, Properties, Degradation and Healing (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075044 , 9789535144694
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: Ceramics & glass technology
    Abstract: The current book consists of eighteen chapters divided into three sections. Section I includes nine topics in characterization techniques and evaluation of advanced ceramics dealing with newly developed photothermal, ultrasonic and ion spattering techniques, the neutron irradiation and the properties of ceramics, the existence of a polytypic multi-structured boron carbide, the oxygen isotope exchange between gases and nanoscale oxides and the evaluation of perovskite structures ceramics for sensors and ultrasonic applications. Section II includes six topics in raw materials, processes and mechanical and other properties of conventional and advanced ceramic materials, dealing with the evaluation of local raw materials and various types and forms of wastes for ceramics production, the effect of production parameters on ceramic properties, the evaluation of dental ceramics through application parameters and the reinforcement of ceramics by fibers. Section III, includes three topics in degradation, aging and healing of ceramic materials, dealing with the effect of granite waste addition on artificial and natural degradation bricks, the effect of aging, micro-voids, and self-healing on mechanical properties of glass ceramics and the crack-healing ability of structural ceramics
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    Ferroelectrics : Material Aspects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073323 , 9789535144519
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (532 p.)
    Keywords: Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Abstract: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on ways to obtain high-quality materials exhibiting large ferroelectric activity. The book covers the aspect of material synthesis and growth, doping and composites, lead-free devices, and thin film synthesis. The aim of this book is to provide an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric materials, allowing a deep understanding of the material aspects of ferroelectricity
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    Artificial Neural Networks : Industrial and Control Engineering Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533072203 , 9789535145059
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (492 p.)
    Keywords: Neural networks & fuzzy systems
    Abstract: Artificial neural networks may probably be the single most successful technology in the last two decades which has been widely used in a large variety of applications. The purpose of this book is to provide recent advances of artificial neural networks in industrial and control engineering applications. The book begins with a review of applications of artificial neural networks in textile industries. Particular applications in textile industries follow. Parts continue with applications in materials science and industry such as material identification, and estimation of material property and state, food industry such as meat, electric and power industry such as batteries and power systems, mechanical engineering such as engines and machines, and control and robotic engineering such as system control and identification, fault diagnosis systems, and robot manipulation. Thus, this book will be a fundamental source of recent advances and applications of artificial neural networks in industrial and control engineering areas. The target audience includes professors and students in engineering schools, and researchers and engineers in industries
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    Magnesium Alloys : Design, Processing and Properties (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075204 , 9789535145271
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (540 p.)
    Keywords: Metals technology / metallurgy
    Abstract: Scientists and engineers for decades searched to utilize magnesium, known of its low density, for light-weighting in many industrial sectors. This book provides a broad review of recent global developments in theory and practice of modern magnesium alloys. It covers fundamental aspects of alloy strengthening, recrystallization, details of microstructure and a unique role of grain refinement. The theory is linked with elements of alloy design and specific properties, including fatigue and creep resistance. Also technologies of alloy formation and processing, such as sheet rolling, semi-solid forming, welding and joining are considered. An opportunity of creation the metal matrix composite based on magnesium matrix is described along with carbon nanotubes as an effective reinforcement. A mixture of science and technology makes this book very useful for professionals from academia and industry
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    Ionic Liquids : Classes and Properties (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533076348 , 9789535144212
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (362 p.)
    Keywords: Fluid mechanics
    Abstract: Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are an interesting and valuable family of compounds. Although they are all salts, their components can vary considerably, including imidazolium, pyridinium, ammonium, phosphonium, thiazolium, and triazolium cations. In general, these cations have been combined with weakly coordinating anions. Common examples include tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, triflate, triflimide, and dicyanimide. The list of possible anionic components continues to grow at a rapid rate. Besides exploring new anionic and cation components, another active and important area of research is the determinination and prediction of their physical properties, particularly since their unusual and tunable properties are so often mentioned as being one of the key advantages of RTILs over conventional solvents. Despite impressive progress, much work remains before the true power of RTILs as designer solvents (i.e. predictable selection of a particular RTIL for any given application) can be effectively harnessed
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    Power Quality : Harmonics Analysis and Real Measurements Data (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073354 , 9789535143956
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Keywords: Electrical engineering
    Abstract: Nowadays, the increasing use of power electronics equipment origins important distortions. The perfect AC power systems are a pure sinusoidal wave, both voltage and current, but the ever-increasing existence of non-linear loads modify the characteristics of voltage and current from the ideal sinusoidal wave. This deviation from the ideal wave is reflected by the harmonics and, although its effects vary depending on the type of load, it affects the efficiency of an electrical system and can cause considerable damage to the systems and infrastructures. Ensuring optimal power quality after a good design and devices means productivity, efficiency, competitiveness and profitability. Nevertheless, nobody can assure the optimal power quality when there is a good design if the correct testing and working process from the obtained data is not properly assured at every instant; this entails processing the real data correctly. In this book the reader will be introduced to the harmonics analysis from the real measurement data and to the study of different industrial environments and electronic devices
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    Physics and Applications of Graphene : Theory (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533071527 , 9789535145134
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (546 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: The Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age... Every global epoch in the history of the mankind is characterized by materials used in it. In 2004 a new era in material science was opened: the era of graphene or, more generally, of two-dimensional materials. Graphene is the strongest and the most stretchable known material, it has the record thermal conductivity and the very high mobility of charge carriers. It demonstrates many interesting fundamental physical effects and promises a lot of applications, among which are conductive ink, terahertz transistors, ultrafast photodetectors and bendable touch screens. In 2010 Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". The two volumes Physics and Applications of Graphene - Experiments and Physics and Applications of Graphene - Theory contain a collection of research articles reporting on different aspects of experimental and theoretical studies of this new material
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    Advances in Diverse Industrial Applications of Nanocomposites (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533072029 , 9789535145110
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (590 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: Nanocomposites are attractive to researchers both from practical and theoretical point of view because of combination of special properties. Many efforts have been made in the last two decades using novel nanotechnology and nanoscience knowledge in order to get nanomaterials with determined functionality. This book focuses on polymer nanocomposites and their possible divergent applications. There has been enormous interest in the commercialization of nanocomposites for a variety of applications, and a number of these applications can already be found in industry. This book comprehensively deals with the divergent applications of nanocomposites comprising of 22 chapters
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    Biomedical Engineering : Frontiers and Challenges (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073095 , 9789535144724
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (388 p.)
    Keywords: Biotechnology
    Abstract: In all different areas in biomedical engineering, the ultimate objectives in research and education are to improve the quality life, reduce the impact of disease on the everyday life of individuals, and provide an appropriate infrastructure to promote and enhance the interaction of biomedical engineering researchers. This book is prepared in two volumes to introduce recent advances in different areas of biomedical engineering such as biomaterials, cellular engineering, biomedical devices, nanotechnology, and biomechanics. It is hoped that both of the volumes will bring more awareness about the biomedical engineering field and help in completing or establishing new research areas in biomedical engineering
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    Biodiesel : Feedstocks and Processing Technologies (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077130 , 9789535144076
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.)
    Keywords: Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology
    Abstract: The book "Biodiesel: Feedstocks and Processing Technologies" is intended to provide a professional look on the recent achievements and emerging trends in biodiesel production. It includes 22 chapters, organized in two sections. The first book section: "Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production" covers issues associated with the utilization of cost effective non-edible raw materials and wastes, and the development of biomass feedstock with physical and chemical properties that facilitate it processing to biodiesel. These include Brassicaceae spp., cooking oils, animal fat wastes, oleaginous fungi, and algae. The second book section: "Biodiesel Production Methods" is devoted to the advanced techniques for biodiesel synthesis: supercritical transesterification, microwaves, radio frequency and ultrasound techniques, reactive distillation, and optimized transesterification processes making use of solid catalysts and immobilized enzymes. The adequate and up-to-date information provided in this book should be of interest for research scientist, students, and technologists, involved in biodiesel production
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    Advances in Composite Materials : Ecodesign and Analysis (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533071503 , 9789535145141
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (656 p.)
    Keywords: Applied ecology
    Abstract: By adopting the principles of sustainable design and cleaner production, this important book opens a new challenge in the world of composite materials and explores the achieved advancements of specialists in their respective areas of research and innovation. Contributions coming from both spaces of academia and industry were so diversified that the 28 chapters composing the book have been grouped into the following main parts: sustainable materials and ecodesign aspects, composite materials and curing processes, modelling and testing, strength of adhesive joints, characterization and thermal behaviour, all of which provides an invaluable overview of this fascinating subject area. Results achieved from theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations can help designers, manufacturers and suppliers involved with high-tech composite materials to boost competitiveness and innovation productivity
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    Advances in Photodiodes (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533071633 , 9789535145127
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (480 p.)
    Keywords: Applied optics
    Abstract: Photodiodes, the simplest but most versatile optoelectronic devices, are currently used in a variety of applications, including vision systems, optical interconnects, optical storage systems, photometry, particle physics, medical imaging, etc. Advances in Photodiodes addresses the state-of-the-art, latest developments and new trends in the field, covering theoretical aspects, design and simulation issues, processing techniques, experimental results, and applications. Written by internationally renowned experts, with contributions from universities, research institutes and industries, the book is a valuable reference tool for students, scientists, engineers, and researchers
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    Tribology : Lubricants and Lubrication (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073712 , 9789535144182
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Keywords: Mechanical engineering
    Abstract: In the past decades, significant advances in tribology have been made as engineers strive to develop more reliable and high performance products. The advancements are mainly driven by the evolution of computational techniques and experimental characterization that leads to a thorough understanding of tribological process on both macro- and microscales. The purpose of this book is to present recent progress of researchers on the hydrodynamic lubrication analysis and the lubrication tests for biodegradable lubricants
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    Developments in Heat Transfer (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075693 , 9789535144335
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (702 p.)
    Keywords: Engineering thermodynamics
    Abstract: This book comprises heat transfer fundamental concepts and modes (specifically conduction, convection and radiation), bioheat, entransy theory development, micro heat transfer, high temperature applications, turbulent shear flows, mass transfer, heat pipes, design optimization, medical therapies, fiber-optics, heat transfer in surfactant solutions, landmine detection, heat exchangers, radiant floor, packed bed thermal storage systems, inverse space marching method, heat transfer in short slot ducts, freezing an drying mechanisms, variable property effects in heat transfer, heat transfer in electronics and process industries, fission-track thermochronology, combustion, heat transfer in liquid metal flows, human comfort in underground mining, heat transfer on electrical discharge machining and mixing convection. The experimental and theoretical investigations, assessment and enhancement techniques illustrated here aspire to be useful for many researchers, scientists, engineers and graduate students
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    Gene Duplication (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073873 , 9789535144144
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Keywords: Medical genetics
    Abstract: The book Gene Duplication consists of 21 chapters divided in 3 parts: General Aspects, A Look at Some Gene Families and Examining Bundles of Genes. The importance of the study of Gene Duplication stems from the realization that the dynamic process of duplication is the “sine qua non” underlying the evolution of all living matter. Genes may be altered before or after the duplication process thereby undergoing neofunctionalization, thus creating in time new organisms which populate the Earth
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    Advances in Data, Methods, Models and Their Applications in Geoscience (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077376 , 9789535143857
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Petrology
    Abstract: With growing attention on global environmental and climate change, geoscience has experienced rapid change and development in the last three decades. Many new data, methods and modeling techniques have been developed and applied in various aspects of geoscience. The chapters collected in this book present an excellent profile of the current state of various data, analysis methods and modeling techniques, and demonstrate their applications from hydrology, geology and paleogeomorphology, to geophysics, environmental and climate change. The wide range methods and techniques covered in the book include information systems and technology, global position system (GPS), digital sediment core image analysis, fuzzy set theory for hydrology, spatial interpolation, spectral analysis of geophysical data, GIS-based hydrological models, high resolution geological models, 3D sedimentology, change detection from remote sensing, etc. Besides two comprehensive review articles, most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular method or technique
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    Biomedical Engineering : Trends in Materials Science (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075136 , 9789535145332
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (576 p.)
    Keywords: Biotechnology
    Abstract: Rapid technological developments in the last century have brought the field of biomedical engineering into a totally new realm. Breakthroughs in materials science, imaging, electronics and, more recently, the information age have improved our understanding of the human body. As a result, the field of biomedical engineering is thriving, with innovations that aim to improve the quality and reduce the cost of medical care. This book is the second in a series of three that will present recent trends in biomedical engineering, with a particular focus on materials science in biomedical engineering, including developments in alloys, nanomaterials and polymer technologies
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    Nanofibers : Production, Properties and Functional Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074207 , 9789535144045
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (470 p.)
    Keywords: Condensed matter physics (liquid state & solid state physics)
    Abstract: As an important one-dimensional nanomaterial, nanofibers have extremely high specific surface area because of their small diameters, and nanofiber membranes are highly porous with excellent pore interconnectivity. These unique characteristics plus the functionalities from the materials themselves impart nanofibers with a number of novel properties for advanced applications. This book is a compilation of contributions made by experts who specialize in nanofibers. It provides an up-to-date coverage of in nanofiber preparation, properties and functional applications. I am deeply appreciative of all the authors and have no doubt that their contribution will be a useful resource for anyone associated with the discipline of nanofibers
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    Climate Change : Socioeconomic Effects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074115 , 9789535144427
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (470 p.)
    Keywords: Climate change
    Abstract: This book shows some of the socio-economic impacts of climate change according to different estimates of the current or estimated global warming. A series of scientific and experimental research projects explore the impacts of climate change and browse the techniques to evaluate the related impacts. These 23 chapters provide a good overview of the different changes impacts that already have been detected in several regions of the world. They are part of an introduction to the researches being done around the globe in connection with this topic. However, climate change is not just an academic issue important only to scientists and environmentalists; it also has direct implications on various ecosystems and technologies
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  • 83
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    Ferroelectrics : Physical Effects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074535 , 9789535144571
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (668 p.)
    Keywords: Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Abstract: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on the underlying mechanisms of ferroelectric materials, including general ferroelectric effect, piezoelectricity, optical properties, and multiferroic and magnetoelectric devices. The aim of this book is to provide an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric systems, allowing a deep understanding of the physical aspect of ferroelectricity
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  • 84
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    Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533076232 , 9789535144762
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (726 p.)
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Abstract: The book “Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research” is comprised of 33 chapters divided in five sections. The first 12 chapters discuss wind tunnel facilities and experiments in incompressible flow, while the next seven chapters deal with building dynamics, flow control and fluid mechanics. Third section of the book is dedicated to chapters discussing aerodynamic field measurements and real full scale analysis (chapters 20-22). Chapters in the last two sections deal with turbulent structure analysis (chapters 23-25) and wind tunnels in compressible flow (chapters 26-33). Contributions from a large number of international experts make this publication a highly valuable resource in wind tunnels and fluid dynamics field of research
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  • 85
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    Advances in Regenerative Medicine (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077321 , 9789535143987
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (418 p.)
    Keywords: Biomedical engineering
    Abstract: Even if the origins of regenerative medicine can be found in Greek mythology, as attested by the story of Prometheus, the Greek god whose immortal liver was feasted on day after day by Zeus' eagle; many challenges persist in order to successfully regenerate lost cells, tissues or organs and rebuild all connections and functions. In this book, we will cover a few aspects of regenerative medicine highlighting major advances and remaining challenges in cellular therapy and tissue/organ engineering
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  • 86
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    Ferroelectrics : Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074566 , 9789535144564
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Abstract: Ferroelectric materials have been and still are widely used in many applications, that have moved from sonar towards breakthrough technologies such as memories or optical devices. This book is a part of a four volume collection (covering material aspects, physical effects, characterization and modeling, and applications) and focuses on the application of ferroelectric devices to innovative systems. In particular, the use of these materials as varying capacitors, gyroscope, acoustics sensors and actuators, microgenerators and memory devices will be exposed, providing an up-to-date review of recent scientific findings and recent advances in the field of ferroelectric devices
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  • 87
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    HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment and Some of Its Associated Complications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077017 , 9789535144052
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Infectious & contagious diseases
    Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a complex illness affecting the immune system. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an advanced form of HIV infection in which the patient has developed opportunistic infections or certain types of cancer and/or the CD4+ T cell count has dropped below 200/μL. More than 40 million persons around the world are infected with HIV, with approximately 14,000 new infections every day. The disease causes 3 million deaths worldwide each year, 95% of them in developing countries. Optimal management of human immunodeficiency virus requires strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) regimens, but the complexity of these regimens (e.g., pill burden, food requirements, drug interactions, and severe adverse effects) limits effective treatment. However, more patients with HIV are surviving longer today because of these drugs. This allows further study of commonly associated adverse effects. These may affect all body systems and range from serious toxicities to uncomfortable but manageable events. This book reviews some of HAART-related metabolic and neurological complications
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  • 88
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    Application of Thermodynamics to Biological and Materials Science (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533079806 , 9789535145295
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (642 p.)
    Keywords: Biotechnology
    Abstract: Progress of thermodynamics has been stimulated by the findings of a variety of fields of science and technology. The principles of thermodynamics are so general that the application is widespread to such fields as solid state physics, chemistry, biology, astronomical science, materials science, and chemical engineering. The contents of this book should be of help to many scientists and engineers
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  • 89
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    Herbicides and Environment (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074764 , 9789535145318
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (762 p.)
    Keywords: Biodiversity
    Abstract: Herbicides are much more than just weed killers. They may exhibit beneficial or adverse effects on other organisms. Given their toxicological, environmental but also agricultural relevance, herbicides are an interesting field of activity not only for scientists working in the field of agriculture. It seems that the investigation of herbicide-induced effects on weeds, crop plants, ecosystems, microorganisms, and higher organism requires a multidisciplinary approach. Some important aspects regarding the multisided impacts of herbicides on the living world are highlighted in this book. I am sure that the readers will find a lot of helpful information, even if they are only slightly interested in the topic
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  • 90
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    Nanocomposites with Unique Properties and Applications in Medicine and Industry (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073514 , 9789535144526
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (374 p.)
    Keywords: Nanotechnology
    Abstract: This book contains chapters on nanocomposites for engineering hard materials for high performance aircraft, rocket and automobile use, using laser pulses to form metal coatings on glass and quartz, and also tungsten carbide-cobalt nanoparticles using high voltage discharges. A major section of this book is largely devoted to chapters outlining and applying analytic methods needed for studies of nanocomposites. As such, this book will serve as good resource for such analytic methods
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  • 91
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    Drug Discovery and Development : Present and Future (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533076157 , 9789535143888
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (542 p.)
    Keywords: Pharmacology
    Abstract: Drug discovery and development process aims to make available medications that are safe and effective in improving the length and quality of life and relieving pain and suffering. However, the process is very complex, time consuming, resource intensive, requiring multi-disciplinary expertise and innovative approaches. There is a growing urgency to identify and develop more effective, efficient, and expedient ways to bring safe and effective products to the market. The drug discovery and development process relies on the utilization of relevant and robust tools, methods, models, and validated biomarkers that are predictive of clinical effects in terms of diagnosis, prevention, therapy, and prognosis. There is a growing emphasis on translational research, a bidirectional bench to the bedside approach, in an effort to improve the process efficiency and the need for further innovations. The authors in the book discuss the current and evolving state of drug discovery and development
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  • 92
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    Climate Change : Geophysical Foundations and Ecological Effects (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533074191 , 9789535144366
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (536 p.)
    Keywords: Climate change
    Abstract: This book offers an interdisciplinary view of the biophysical issues related to climate change. Climate change is a phenomenon by which the long-term averages of weather events (i.e. temperature, precipitation, wind speed, etc.) that define the climate of a region are not constant but change over time. There have been a series of past periods of climatic change, registered in historical or paleoecological records. In the first section of this book, a series of state-of-the-art research projects explore the biophysical causes for climate change and the techniques currently being used and developed for its detection in several regions of the world. The second section of the book explores the effects that have been reported already on the flora and fauna in different ecosystems around the globe. Among them, the ecosystems and landscapes in arctic and alpine regions are expected to be among the most affected by the change in climate, as they will suffer the more intense changes. The final section of this book explores in detail those issues
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    Advances in Treating Textile Effluent (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533077048 , 9789535144137
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Waste management
    Abstract: The treatment of textile wet processing effluent to meet stringent governmental regulations is a complex and continually evolving process. Treatment methods that were perfectly acceptable in the past may not be suitable today or in the future. This book provides new ideas and processes to assist the textile industry in meeting the challenging requirements of treating textile effluent
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    Holography : Research and Technologies (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533072272 , 9789535145158
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (468 p.)
    Keywords: Computer science
    Abstract: Holography has recently become a field of much interest because of the many new applications implemented by various holographic techniques. This book is a collection of 22 excellent chapters written by various experts, and it covers various aspects of holography. The chapters of the book are organized in six sections, starting with theory, continuing with materials, techniques, applications as well as digital algorithms, and finally ending with non-optical holograms. The book contains recent outputs from researches belonging to different research groups worldwide, providing a rich diversity of approaches to the topic of holography
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    Biomedical Engineering : From Theory to Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533076379 , 9789535144465
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (500 p.)
    Keywords: Biotechnology
    Abstract: In all different areas in biomedical engineering, the ultimate objectives in research and education are to improve the quality life, reduce the impact of disease on the everyday life of individuals, and provide an appropriate infrastructure to promote and enhance the interaction of biomedical engineering researchers. This book is prepared in two volumes to introduce a recent advances in different areas of biomedical engineering such as biomaterials, cellular engineering, biomedical devices, nanotechnology, and biomechanics. It is hoped that both of the volumes will bring more awareness about the biomedical engineering field and help in completing or establishing new research areas in biomedical engineering
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  • 96
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    Economic Effects of Biofuel Production (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533071787 , 9789535144489
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (464 p.)
    Keywords: Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology
    Abstract: This book aspires to be a comprehensive summary of current biofuels issues and thereby contribute to the understanding of this important topic. Readers will find themes including biofuels development efforts, their implications for the food industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program, insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts, water consumption, produced allergens and toxins. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme
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  • 97
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    Advances in Ceramics : Synthesis and Characterization, Processing and Specific Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075051 , 9789535144649
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (534 p.)
    Keywords: Ceramics & glass technology
    Abstract: The current book contains twenty-two chapters and is divided into three sections. Section I consists of nine chapters which discuss synthesis through innovative as well as modified conventional techniques of certain advanced ceramics (e.g. target materials, high strength porous ceramics, optical and thermo-luminescent ceramics, ceramic powders and fibers) and their characterization using a combination of well known and advanced techniques. Section II is also composed of nine chapters, which are dealing with the aqueous processing of nitride ceramics, the shape and size optimization of ceramic components through design methodologies and manufacturing technologies, the sinterability and properties of ZnNb oxide ceramics, the grinding optimization, the redox behaviour of ceria based and related materials, the alloy reinforcement by ceramic particles addition, the sintering study through dihedral surface angle using AFM and the surface modification and properties induced by a laser beam in pressings of ceramic powders. Section III includes four chapters which are dealing with the deposition of ceramic powders for oxide fuel cells preparation, the perovskite type ceramics for solid fuel cells, the ceramics for laser applications and fabrication and the characterization and modeling of protonic ceramics
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  • 98
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    Textile Dyeing (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533075655 , 9789535143895
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (404 p.)
    Keywords: Textile industries
    Abstract: The coloration of fibers and fabrics through dyeing is an integral part of textile manufacturing. This book discusses in detail several emerging topics on textile dyeing. "Textile Dyeing" will serve as an excellent addition to the libraries of both the novice and expert
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  • 99
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    Biosensors : Emerging Materials and Applications (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533073286 , 9789535144892
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (642 p.)
    Keywords: Electronic devices & materials
    Abstract: A biosensor is a detecting device that combines a transducer with a biologically sensitive and selective component. Biosensors can measure compounds present in the environment, chemical processes, food and human body at low cost if compared with traditional analytical techniques. This book covers a wide range of aspects and issues related to biosensor technology, bringing together researchers from 19 different countries. The book consists of 27 chapters written by 106 authors and divided in three sections: Biosensors Technology and Materials, Biosensors for Health and Biosensors for Environment and Biosecurity
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  • 100
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    Soybean : Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physiology (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : IntechOpen
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    ISBN: 9789533072197 , 9789535144953
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (656 p.)
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Abstract: Soybean is an agricultural crop of tremendous economic importance. Soybean and food items derived from it form dietary components of numerous people, especially those living in the Orient. The health benefits of soybean have attracted the attention of nutritionists as well as common people
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