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  • 1990-1994  (97)
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  • Dordrecht : Springer
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Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1974 -
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    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Theory and society
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Mouton | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 0019-7246 , 1572-8536
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1957 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Indo-Iranian journal
    RVK:
    Keywords: Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/20.1957/78=26.1983,1/3
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1987 -
    ISSN: 0921-3384 , 2352-2119 , 2352-2119
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and decision library / A
    Former Title: Philosophy and methodology of the social sciences
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1971 -
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    ISSN: 0167-7276
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 -
    Additional Information: 3=2; 5=3 von International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Papers and debate of the ... international conference held by the International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1974
    Additional Information: 7=5 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Selected papers from the ... International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1975
    Additional Information: 6=4; 9=6 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Papers read at the International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1977
    Additional Information: 2=[1] von International Phenomenological Conference (ZDB) Papers and debate of the International Phenomenological Conference Dordrecht : Reidel Publishing, 1972
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Analecta Husserliana
    Former Title: Vorg. Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Phänomenologie
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0921-8599 , 0169-7323
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 11=1 von Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter (ZDB) Papers presented at the ... Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1978 0333-5135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Philosophical studies series
    Former Title: Philosophical studies series in philosophy
    Former Title: an international journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cham, Switzerland : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ. | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1985 -
    ISSN: 1572-4395
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Law and philosophy library
    Former Title: L & PL
    Former Title: LAPS
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
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    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and society
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaft ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Theorie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Logik der Sozialwissenschaft ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1990 -
    ISSN: 0925-6733
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Issues in business ethics
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1984 -
    ISSN: 0924-5499
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The GeoJournal library
    DDC: 550
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401131704
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 182 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: NATO ASI Series, Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 59
    Series Statement: Nato Science Series D:, Behavioural and Social Sciences 59
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Humanities ; Civilization—History.
    Abstract: Section I: Perspectives from Academia, Industry, and Government -- Reconciling Conflicts — The Challenge for the University -- An Industry Perspective on the Changing University -- Positioning U.S. Science Policy for the New World Order -- The University — and Particularly the Technological University: Pragmatism and Beyond -- The Swing of the Pendulum: Financing of British Universities from the 1960s through the 1980s -- Changing Patterns of Finance for Higher Education: Implications for the Education of Scientists and Engineers -- Section II: Current Trends in the Education of S&ES -- Contradictions and Complexity: International Comparisons in the Training of Foreign Scientists and Engineers -- Science and Engineering: Human Resource Needs in the Next Three Decades -- Structural Changes in the Japanese Supply/Employment Systems of Engineers: Are We Losing or Gaining? -- Educating and Training the U.S. Work Force for the Twenty-First Century -- Section III: The Flow of Information -- The Changing Patterns of International Collaboration in Universities -- National Security Information Controls in the United States: Implications for International Academic Science and Technology -- List of Contributors -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: This collection of papers was written for a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Harvard University in March 1990. The title, "The Changing University and the Education of Scientists and Engineers: An International Workshop," broad as it is, does not convey the sweep of data, infonnation, opinions, and suggestions for future research and policy choices that were crowded into two-and-a-half days of fonnal presentations, mealtime discussions, and teatime chats. The proposal for the workshop grew out of a research project I had carried out that explored the policies governing the education of foreign science and engineering students (S&Es) in several industrialized countries, and of two countries that send large numbers of S&E students abroad - the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Japan (see chapter 7). In research visits to these countries as well as to France, the United Kingdom, West Gennany, and within the United States, I was struck by the similarity of issues that were raised. One was the concern that there would not be enough well-trained scientists and engineers to meet the constantly increasing demand for them. Government officials, industrialists, and educators repeatedly stressed that a well-educated and -motivated work force was essential for their economies, national security, and for society as a whole. Many of those interviewed mentioned that universities are undergoing rapid, systemic changes as governments and industry are calling on them to provide human resources and intellectual capital.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401134644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 557 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Inaugural Studies the Turning Points of the New Phenomenological Era -- Life, the Critique of Reason, Embodied Subjectivity, the Human Being, the Societal World, Nature, the Creative Experience -- Phenomenology of Life and the New Critique of Reason: From Husserl’s Philosophy to the Phenomenology of Life and of the Human Condition -- The Construction of Subjectivity -- Husserl and the Anthropological Vocation of Phenomenology -- Was ist und was leistet eine phänomenologische Theorie der sozialen Welt? Anmerkungen zur Sozialtheorie von Hegel und Husserl -- Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Phenomenology of Creative Experience and the Critique ofReason -- Nature and the “Primal Horizon” -- One Husserl Research: Foundational Questions of Husserl’s Thought Revisited -- La Science des phénomènes et la critique de la décision phénoménologique -- Variation -- The Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and the Natural Sciences — Juxtaposition or Cooperation? -- Husserl und die Vorstruktur des Bewusstseins — Eine rekonstruktive Überlegung von dem strukturalen Gesichtspunkt -- The Organizing Principle of the Cognitive Process or the Mode of Existence: Husserl’s and Ingarden’s Concepts of Attitude -- The Archeology of Modalization in Husserl: From Analogies to Passive Synthesis -- In Continuity: A Reflection on the Passive Synthesis of Sameness -- Phenomenology as a Methodological Research Program -- Psychologism and Description in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Two The Constitution of Meaning and Objectivity -- Some Puzzles on Essence -- Method and Ontology: Reflections on Edmund Husserl -- The Meaning of Thought’s Nearness to Meaning in Husserlian Phenomenology -- Foundedness and Motivation -- The Ontological Pre-conditions of Understanding and the Formation of Meaning -- Philosophy as a Sign-Producing Activity: The Metastable Gestalt of Intentionality -- Perceptual Consciousness, Materiality, and Idealism -- A Naturalistic and Evolutionary Account of Content -- Three Reason and Rationality -- Husserl vs. Dilthey — A Controversy over the Concept of Reason -- Husserl’s Critique of Reason -- Is There a Dichotomy in Husserl’s Thought? -- Phenomenology and Teleology: Husserl and Fichte -- La Phénoménologie refuse l’abstraction et la formalization -- The Foundationalist Conflict in Husserl’s Rationalism -- Four Intuition, Phenomenological Reduction, and Certainty -- Die Selbstintentionalität der Welt -- L’“Exigence d’une phénoménologie asubjective” et la noematique -- Notes on Husserl and Kant -- Husserl and the Heritage of Transcendental Philosophy -- On Contradiction -- The Meaning of ‘Radical Foundation’ in Husserl: The Outline of an Interpretation -- What Is a Phenomenon? The Concept of Phenomenon in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- The Debate between Husserl and Voigt Concerning the Logic of Content and Extensional Logic -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: orbit and far beyond it. Indeed, the immense, painstaking, indefatigable and ever-improving effort of Husserl to find ever-deeper and more reliable foundations for the philosophical enterprise (as well as his constant critical re-thinking and perfecting of the approach and so­ called "method" in order to perform this task and thus cover in this source-excavation an ever more far-reaching groundwork) stands out and maintains itself as an inepuisable reservoir for philosophical reflec­ tion in which all the above-mentioned work has either its core or its source. In fact, in his undertaking to re-think the entire philosophical enterprise as such and to recreate philosophy upon what he sought to be at least a satisfactorily legitimated basis, Husserl, through his already systematised and "authorized" work, and his courses, and later on in his spontaneous reflection (which did not find its way into a definitive corpus but was nevertheless sufficiently coherent with his previously established body of thought to be considered a continuation of it), uncovers perspectives upon the universe of man and projects their new philosophical thematisation that brings together all the attempts by philosophers (e. g. , Merleau-Ponty, who drew upon this material and found there his own inspiration) who succeeded him with foundational intentions; it also gives a core of philosophical ideas and insights for the youngergenerationofphilosophers today.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/Explanation and Unification -- One / Positivist Models of Explanation -- Two / The Abstractive Nature of Theories -- Three / Composition Laws -- Four / Reduction -- II / Explanation in Biology -- Five / Explanation and Imperfect Laws in Biology -- Six / Purpose and Function in Biology -- III / Darwin’s Science -- Seven / Biogeographical Explanations -- Eight / The Structure of Darwin’s Theory -- Nine / Some Methodological Criticisms of Darwin’s Theory -- Ten / The Evidential Support for Darwin’s Theory -- Eleven/ The Logical Structure of Darwin’s Argument -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I would like to record my thanks to Paul Thompson for useful conver­ sations over the years, and also to several generations of students who have helped me develop my ideas on biological theory and on Darwin. My wife has, as usual, been more than helpful; in particular she typed a good portion of the manuscript while I was on leave a few years ago, more now than I like to remember. My parents were both looking forward to holding a final copy of this book. I only regret that my mother did not live long enough to see its completion. I must also thank the publishers and their staff. They have been re­ markably patient about meeting deadlines - promises were repeatedly made and then, owing to family situations, had to be broken - and for this I am considerably in their debt. I would further like to thank the following authors and publishers for permission to use their work: R. C. Lewontin, The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Figure 1, p. 14; © 1964 Columbia University Press; reprinted here by kind permission of the author and publisher. F. Wilson, 'Goudge's Contribution to the Philosophy of Science', in L. W. Sumner, J. G. Slater, and F. Wilson (eds.), Pragmatism and Purpose: Essays in Honour of T. A. Goudge; © 1964 University of Toronto Press; reproduced here in part by kind permission of all the editors and the publisher.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401134125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 261 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion.
    Abstract: Copernicus, Apollo, and Herakles -- Religion and the Failures of Determinism -- The Paradox of Power: Hobbes and Stoic Naturalism -- Cudworth and Seventeenth-Century Theories of Consciousness -- The Neoplatonic Conception of Nature in More, Cudworth, and Berkeley -- The Ancient Legal Sources of Seventeenth-Century Probability -- Robert Hooke, Physico-Mythology, Knowledge of the World of the Ancients and Knowledge of the Ancient World -- ‘The Wisdom of the Egyptians’ and the Secularisation of History in the Age of Newton -- On Newtonian History -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Mythical and Historical Figures.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of W ollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive pUblication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encouraged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401134941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reason and Argument 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I—Puzzles Problems and Paradoxes -- One Conceptions of Vagueness -- 2 Linguistic Behaviour -- 3 Approaches to Vagueness -- II—The Sorites Paradox -- 4 The Paradox -- 5 Responses to the Paradox -- 6 A Solution to the Paradox -- 7 Further Problems and Puzzles -- 8 Vagueness and Perception -- 9 Conclusions.
    Abstract: This work is in two parts. It began as a general investigation of vagueness in natural languages. The Sorites Paradox came to dominate the work however, and the second part of the book consists in an discussion ofthat puzzle and related problems. The first part contains a general discussion ofthe nature ofvagueness and its sources. I discuss various conceptions of vagueness in chapter 1 and outline some of the problems to do with the conception of vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon. The most interesting of these is the Sorites paradox, which occurs where natural languages exhibit a particular variety of borderline case vagueness. I discuss some sources of vagueness of the borderline case variety, and views of the relation between linguistic behaviour and languages which are vague in this sense. I argue in chapter 2 that these problems are not to be easily avoided by statistical averaging techniques or attempts to provide a mathematical model of consensus in linguistic usage. I also consider in chapter 3 various approaches to the problem of providing an adequate logic and semantics for vague natural languages, and argue against two currently popular approaches to vagueness. These are supervaluation accounts which attempt to provide precise semantic models for vague languages based on the notion of specification spaces, and attempts to replace the laws ofclassical logic with systems offuzzy logic.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 285 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- Renovating the Problem of Politics -- One Central Link Between Merleau-Ponty's Philosophy of Language and His Political Thought -- Merleau Ponty's Political Thought: Its Nature and Its Challenge -- Merleau-Ponty on Politics, History, and Violence -- II -- Relational Freedom and Its Political Consequences -- I and Mine -- The Interpretation of the Human Way of Being and Its Political Implications -- III -- Hope and Its Ramifications for Politics -- The Place of Hope in Politics -- IV -- Politics and Coercion -- Ideology, Utopia, and Responsible Politics -- Does Anarchy Make Political Sense? -- On Institutions and Power: Deconstruction and an Alternative -- Notes.
    Abstract: This collection of essays draws together work done during a period of more than fifteen years. In the course of these years much has changed, including much about politics. Patterns of political activity have been trans­ formed. Ways in which we had been accustomed to construe politics have been substantially modified and sometimes replaced. Some apparently in­ tractable conflicts have been resolved. Other, apparently more manageable, conflicts have shown shocking durability. A number of political doctrines once considered indefinitely serviceable have lost all relevance. And the material and technical resources at our disposal look strikingly different than they did just a few years ago. Practical politics of whatever stripe encounters at every turn ever more grave environmental degradation. But, or so this collection assumes, not everything political has changed. Some political issues, both "theoretical" and "practical," remain persistently trenchant. Questions like the following demand ever renewed consideration. What is the point and worth of belonging to a political community? What entitlements and responsibilities follow upon such membership? Or even more fundamentally, what conditions are required for there to be politics at all? Taken together, the essays collected in this volume propose a way both to understand and to engage in politics which is properly responsive both to perennial political issues and to the peculiar exigencies of our era. Some of them present criticisms of widely held, warmly cherished ways of addressing political matters. Others propose constructive alternatives.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789401131728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 224 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 1
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics
    Abstract: As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different parts of the world. It is often difficult, however, to get accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook Series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in these different traditions and different parts of the world. The first volume, and every second succeeding volume, will discuss developments in the Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, LDS, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian Traditions. The second volume, and every second volume succeeding it, will discuss official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 588 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 127
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 127
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The Tradition -- One: Aristotelian and Platonic Conceptions of Explanation -- Two: Aristotle’s Philosophy of Nature and Theory of Potentiality -- Three: Plato’s Concept of the Actual and His Philosophy of Nature -- II: The Logical Revolution -- Four: The Copernican Harmony -- Five: Bacon’s Informative Logic -- Six: Informativity and Paradox: Galileo’s Conception of the Nature of Physical Reality -- Seven: Descartes’ Informative Logic -- III: Newton’s Physics and its Critics -- Eight: Actual Infinity and Newton’s Calculus -- Nine: Newton’s Logic of Space and Time -- Ten: Modern Newtonian Historiography and the Puzzle of Newton’s Absolute Space -- Eleven: Absolute Motion and the Nature of Inertial Forces -- Twelve: Locke and the Meaning of “Empiricism” -- Thirteen: Newton’s Invention of the Problem of Induction -- Fourteen: Circularity and Newton’s Philosophy of Nature -- Fifteen: Leibniz’s Aristotelian Philosophy of Nature -- Sixteen: Berkeley’s Aristotelian Critique of Newton’s Physics -- Epilogue -- Appendix: Some Basic Ideas in Newton’s Physics -- Notes.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401132602
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: The Analogy between Logic and Dialogic of Law -- Analogy as Legal Reasoning - The Hermeneutic Foundation of the Analogical Procedure -- Milking the Meter - On Analogy, Universalizability and World Views -- The Function of Analogy in Law: Return to Kant and Wittgenstein -- Analogy in Legal Science: Some Comparative Observations -- Legal Analogy between Interpretive Arguments and Productive Arguments -- Legal Knowledge and Meaning (The Example of Legal Analogy) -- Analogical Reasoning and Legal Institutions -- Analogy in the Law.
    Abstract: 3 of law as an object that has always already been there, systematic and com­ plete. Quite the contrary. Some, indeed practically all of us, reject this sort of epistemology of law, and where the hypothesis of the coherence of the legal universe is put forward, this is in order to define it in very noticeably different terms from those traditionally used in legal scholarly accounts. If this referent, the law presented as a full discourses, runs through all of the contributions, this is because reasoning by analogy has to be found its specific place within this legal culture. It is the place to locate the problem of "lacunae" in law, which at bottom allows our various contributions to be classified. With Zaccaria and Maris, the question of lacunae is accepted as such (this is, we might say, the "traditionalist" aspect of these two articles, which is counterbalanced by - keeping to the same terminology - "modernist" emphases, sometimes Dworkinian in nature), and becomes the backdrop for considerations of purely hermeneutic type, in Zaccaria, ex­ tended in Maris to the field of ethics. The papers from Lenoble and Jackson, the former philosophical and the latter semiological, take as their main tar­ get this legal knowledge where the theory of lacunae finds its place.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401134149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVII, 623 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 128
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 128
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Book One The Two Fundamental Observations -- 1. Science Demands the Concept of Thing -- 2. Science Seeks Explanation -- Book Two The Explanatory Process -- 3. Deduction -- 4. Rationality Postulated -- 5. Identity and Identification -- 6. The Irrational -- 7. Biological Phenomena -- 8. Forms of Spatial Explanation -- 9. The Possibilities of Scientific Explanation -- 10. The State of Potentiality -- Book Three Global Explanation -- 11. Hegel’s Attempt -- 12. Schelling’s Objections -- 13. Hegel and Comte -- 14. Hegel, Descartes and Kant -- Book Four Scientific and Philosophic Reason -- 15. Science and Philosophic Systems -- 16. The Rationality of the Real Reconsidered -- 17. The Epistemological Paradox -- 18. The Oneness of Human Reason -- Appendices -- 1 The Precursors of Hume -- 2 The Resistance to Lavoisier’s Theory -- 3 The Formula of the Universe in Laplace and in Taine -- 4 Arrhenius’s Theory and Other Such Efforts -- 5 Hegel’s Political Attitude -- 6 The Prestige and the Decline of Hegelian Philosophy -- 7 Abstract and Concrete Reason in Hegel -- 8 Hegel’s Panlogism -- 10 The Philosophy of Nature and Scientific Progress -- 11 Hegel, Schelling and Chemical Theory -- 12 Hegel and National Science -- 13 Hegel’s Artistic Sense and Sense of Rhythm -- 14 The Hegelian Dialectic and Experience -- 15 Schelling, Hegel and Victor Cousin -- 16 The Identity of Thought and Reality in Schelling -- 17 Schelling’s Announced Works -- 18 Caroline Schelling -- 19 Personal Relations Between Schelling and 20 Hegel -- 20 Tycho Brahe, Astrology and the Motion of the Earth -- 21 Non-Euclidean Space and Physical Verification -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Emile Meyerson's writings on the philosophy of science are a rich source of ideas and information concerning many philosophical and historical aspects of the development of modem science. Meyerson's works are not widely read or cited today by philosophers or even philosophers of science, in part because they have long been out of print and are often not available even in research libraries. There are additional chevaux de !rise for all but the hardiest scholars: Meyerson's books are written in French (and do not all exist in English versions) and deal with the subject matter of science - ideas or concepts, laws or principles, theories - and epis­ temological questions rather than today's more fashionable topics of the social matrix and external influences on science with the concomitant neglect of the intellectual content of science. Born in Lublin, Poland, in 1859, Meyerson received most of his education in Germany, where he studied from the age of 12 to 23, preparing himself for a career in chemistry. ! He moved to Paris in 1882, where he began a career as an industrial chemist. Changing his profession, he then worked for a time as the foreign news editor of the HAVAS News Agency in Paris. In 1898 he joined the agency established by Edmond Rothschild that had as its purpose the settling of Jews in Palestine and became the Director of the Jewish Colonization Association for Europe and Asia Minor. These activities represent Meyerson's formal career.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Logic
    Abstract: 1. Ethics and the Limits of Consistency -- 2. Negative Values -- 3. Whatever Happened to Deontic Logic -- 4. The Ethical Root of Language -- 5. The Principle of Transcendence and the Foundation of Axiology -- 6. Deontic Logic and Imperative Logic -- 7. Against Tolerating the Intolerable -- 8. Winning Against and With the Opponent -- 9. Meaning—Norms and Objectivity -- 10. On the Logic of Practical Evaluation -- 11. The Deductive Model in Ethics -- 12. Truth—Value of Ethical Statements: Some Philosophical Implications of the Model—Theoretic Defintion of Truth -- 13. On Subjective Appreciation of Objective Moral Points -- 14. On Fair Distribution of Indivisible Goods -- 15. Needs and Values.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 265 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I: Høffding as Mentor -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- II: Bohr and the Atomic Description of Nature -- V -- VI -- VII -- VIII -- Epilogue: The Legacy -- Notes.
    Abstract: The bulk of the present book has not been published previously though Chapters II and IV are based in part on two earlier papers of mine: "The Influence of Harald H!1lffding's Philosophy on Niels Bohr's Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics", which appeared in Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, 1979, and "The Bohr-H!1lffding Relationship Reconsidered", published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1988. These two papers comple­ ment each other, and in order to give the whole issue a more extended treatment I have sought, in the present volume by drawing on relevant historical material, to substantiate the claim that H!1lffding was Bohr's mentor. Besides containing a detailed account of Bohr's philosophy, the book, at the same time, serves the purpose of making H!1lffding' s ideas and historical significance better known to a non-Danish readership. During my work on this book I have consulted the Royal Danish Library; the National Archive of Denmark and the Niels Bohr Archive, Copenhagen, in search of relevant material. I am grateful for permission to use and quote material from these sources. Likewise, I am indebted to colleagues and friends for commenting upon the manuscript: I am especially grateful to Professor Henry Folse for our many discussions during my visit to New Orleans in November-December 1988 and again here in Elsinore in July 1990.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; Performing arts ; Culture. ; Ethnology. ; Theater.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Literature of Dance -- 3. The N?tya??stra and the Concept of Dance -- 4. L?sya: A Dramatic Art -- 5. Nrtya and Upar?paka -- 6. Bandha and Anibandha -- 7. The De?? Tradition -- 8. Conclusion.
    Abstract: The most comprehensive view of the evolution of dancing in India is one that is derived from Sanskrit textual sources. These texts are the basic material that students of the dance in India must examine in order to uncover its past. Since the rebirth of informed interest in dancing in early twentieth century, its antiquity has been acknowledged but precisely what the art was in antiquity remains unclear. Discovering the oldest forms of dancing in India requires, as do other historical quests, a reconstruction of the past and, again as in other historical investigations, the primary sources of knowledge are records from the past. In this case the records are treatises and manuals in Sanskrit that discuss and describe dancing. These are the sources that the present work sets out to mine. These texts taken collectively are more than records of a particular state of the art. They testify to the growth of the theory and practice of the art and thus establish it as an evolving rather than a fixed art form that changed as much in response to its own expanding aesthetic boundaries as to parallel or complementary forms of dance, drama and music that impinged upon it as India's social and political situation changed. When we place the Sanskrit treatises in chronological sequence it becomes clear that the understanding of the art has changed through time, in its infancy as well as in maturer periods.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 493 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Public health ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Bioethics. ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: An Evolutionary View of Ethics, Rights and the Doctor-Patient Relationship -- 1. Ethical Theory -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Philosophical Considerations -- 3. Biological Considerations -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- 2. Dual Evolution: Ethics, The Law, Rights -- 1. Ethics and the Law -- 2. The Concept of Rights -- 3. Conclusions -- 3. Bases for Medical Ethics -- 1. Origin of Medical Ethics and the Doctor-Patient Relationship -- 2. Rights and the Practice of Medicine -- 3. Summary and Conclusions -- Summary and Conclusion to Part One -- Two: A Physician’s Perspective on Problems In Medical Ethics (From an Evolutionary Ethical Point of View) -- 4. Public Health Policy and Rights (AIDS) -- 1. Introduction to the Problem -- 2. Testing for HIV -- 3. Problems in AIDS Control -- 4. Conclusions -- 5. Public Health Policy and Individual Rights (DRUGS) -- 1. Drug Addictions (and Alcoholism) -- 2. Drugs in Sports -- 6. Public Health Policy and Individual Rights (Continued) -- 1. Rights and Psychiatry -- 2. Rights of the Handicapped and Disabled -- 3. Testing for Genetic Disease -- 7. Experimentation and Research -- 1. Research on Humans -- 2. Animal Experimentation -- 3. Biotechnology (Genetic Engineering) -- 4. The Human Genome -- 8. Problems of Reproduction - Abortion (with notes on contraception) -- 1. Discussion and Conclusions -- 9. Problems of Reproduction - Artificial Conception -- 1. Artificial Reproduction -- 2. Population Problems -- 3. Discussion and Conclusions (abortion, artificial conception and population problems) -- 10. Dying -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Infanticide -- 3. Euthanasia -- 4. Discussion and Conclusions -- 11. Transplantation (with additional notes on the rationing of medical care) -- 1. Transplantations -- 2. Discussion -- 3. Rationing -- Summary and Conclusions to Part Two -- References.
    Abstract: The subject of medical ethics is always current and offers an inviting theme, particularly for anyone who has spent his life in medical practice. But the subject of ethics is impossible to deal with unless one first asks its purposes. Therefore, this book is divided into two parts, the first comprehends theoretical considerations and the second, pragmatic and empirical data on, and discussions of, current problems. Part One will be of greater interest to moral philosophers, philosophers and historians of science, and social scientists. Part Two should have greater appeal to physicians, medical students and medical planners. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the latter will look into Part One for the justification of the conclusions the author could reach on the material presented in Part Two. Likewise, it will become obvious why it is believed the solutions of many, if not most, ethical dilemmas are not always discernible at a given moment in time. Also, those who are more concerned with the theoretical material of Part One might find its application to current real-life problems interesting. It should not be too much to hope that the entire book will appeal to many general readers. The bio-ethical problems presented are of frequent and growing personal concern, and are discussed almost daily in the news media.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132046
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 491 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 23
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Austroasiatic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Asia—Languages.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Preamble -- 1.2. Events and participants -- 1.3. The model -- 1.4. Interactions -- I: Non-Configurationality -- 2: Simple Sentences -- 3: Pronominals -- 4: Case -- 5: Discontinuous Expressions -- II: Grammatical Functions in Warlpiri -- 6: Selected Functions -- 7: External Participants -- Appendices -- List of Abbreviations -- Sources of Warlpiri Data.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789401133326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 269 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Technology, Risk, and Society, An International Series in Risk Analysis 5
    Series Statement: Risk, Governance and Society 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Political science. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Technological Factors: Discoveries, Uncertainties, and Limits on Safety Strategies -- Economic Factors: Shifting Electricity Demand and Financing Problems -- Managerial Factors -- Political Attitudes -- Summary and Outline of the Book -- 2. Shoreham’s Beginnings -- The Early Development of Nuclear Power -- The Surge in Orders -- The Decision to Build Shoreham -- Basic Design of the Plant -- Key Early Decisions -- Summary -- Appendix to Chapter 2 -- 3. The early Politics of Shoreham -- The Contrasting Reactions to Shoreham and Lloyd Harbor -- The Purpose of AEC/NRC Hearings -- The Licensing Process -- Shoreham’s Hearings -- Two Views of the Hearings -- Appendix to Chapter 3 -- 4. Shoreham’s Contruction -- The Review of Construction -- Oversight by LILCO’s Board of Directors and Others -- LILCO’s Management of the Regulatory System -- The Failure of Engineering to Support Construction -- LILCO’s Relationship with Stone and Webster -- Labor Productivity -- The Failure of the Diesel Generators -- Disallowance of Costs -- Appendix to Chapter 4 -- 5. The Emergency Planning Controversy -- The Strengthening of Planning Requirements -- The County’s Split with LILCO -- The Marburger Panel -- LILCO’s Tax Maneuver and Cohalan’s Switch -- The Federal Test of Emergency Planning -- The Federal Response to State and Local Opposition -- Appendix to Chapter 5 -- 6. Takeover, Settlement, or Shoreham? -- The Establishment of the Long Island Power Authority -- Takeover or Negotiated Settlement? -- Projected Costs of the Settlement and Alternatives -- Appendix to Chapter 6 -- 7. The Politics of Settling Shoreham -- The Reactions to the Settlement -- LILCO’s Progress in Licensing Shoreham -- Legislative Action on the Settlement -- The RICO Suit -- The Revised Shoreham Settlement -- The Federal Government’s Opposition to the Settlement -- The Economic Evaluation of the Settlement -- The Denouement at Shoreham -- Conclusion -- Appendix to Chapter 7 -- 8. Conclusion -- LILCO’S Problems and Changes -- State and Local Opposition -- Policy, Personal Stakes, and Decision Momentum -- References -- Appendix: Chronology of Significant Events in the Shoreham Project.
    Abstract: Several individuals noted the potentially important civilian uses of atomic energy shortly after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. That year J. Robert Oppenheimer told a national radio audience that "in the near future" it would be possible to generate profitable electric power from "controlled nuclear chain reaction units" (reactors). It was suggested that, after fIfteen to twenty-five years of development, mature nuclear technology could provide virtually inexhaustible, cheap energy given the abundance of nuclear fuel. Admiral Lewis Strauss, the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, stated that atomic power would generate electricity "too cheap to meter" (A statement that, according to Brookhaven National Laboratories' physicist Herbert Kouts, immediately "caused consternation among his technical advisors" [Kouts, 1983: 3)). For a brief period it was thought that airplanes would fly using atomic power, and homes would install small nuclear reactors for heat and hot water. 1950s and early 1960s a small number of prototype nuclear In the reactors came on line in the United States. The first power plant protoype reactor began operation in Shippingport, Pennsylvania in 1957. It was followed by the Dresden 1 unit near Chicago in 1959, the Yankee plant in Rowe, Massachusetts (1960), and the Indian Point (New York) and Big Rock Point (Michigan) plants in 1%2. These five plants had a combined 800 megawatts (800 MW), or less than one generating capacity ofless than percent of the total American electricity generating capacity in 1962.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789401137386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 130 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On Truth -- Introduction: Logical Values -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- IV. Knowledge and Opinion -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix I: Older Draft Versions -- Introductory -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix II: Supplemental Material -- 1. The Nature of Proportions (1921) -- 2. “On Justifying Induction”: Paper to the Society (1922) -- 3. “The Long and Short of It” -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The present publication forms part of a projected book that F. P. Ramsey drafted but never completed. It survived among his papers and ultimately came into the possession of the University of Pittsburgh in the circumstances detailed in the Editor's Introduction. Our hope in issuing this work at this stage - some sixty years after Ramsey's premature death at the age of 26 - is both to provide yet another token of his amazing philosophical creativity, and also to make available an important datum for the still to be written history of the development of philosophical analysis. This is a book whose appearance will, we hope and expect, be appreciated both by those interested in linguistic philosophy itself and by those concerned for its historical development in the present century. EDITORS'INTRODUCTION 1. THE RAMSEY COLLECTION Frank Plump ton Ramsey (22 February 1903 -19 January 1930) was an extra­ ordinary scholarly phenomenon. Son of a distinguished mathematician and President of Magdalene College, Cambridge and brother of Arthur Michael, eventual Archbishop of Canterbury, Ramsey was closely connected with Cambridge throughout his life, ultimately becoming lecturer in Mathematics in the University. Notwithstanding his great mathematical talent, it was primarily logic and philosophy that engaged his interests, and he wrote original and important contributions to logic, semantics, epistomology, probability theory, philosophy of science, and economics, in addition to seminal work in the foundations of mathematics.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401135405
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 218
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Archaeology.
    Abstract: I: Foucauldian Archaeology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. On the Very Notion of “Archaeology” -- 3. The New Histories in France -- 4. Archaeology, the New Histories, and the History of Ideas -- 5. The Archaeological Model I: Identifying Discursive Formations -- 6. The Archaeological Model Ii: Beyond Continuity and Discontinuity -- 7. Archaeology of Knowledge and Other Histories of Science -- Notes to Part I -- II: Foucauldian Genealogy -- 8. Introduction -- 9. The Concept of Power -- 10. The Genealogical Conception of Power I: Fields and Networks -- 11. The Genealogical Conception of Power Ii: Social Power and Scientific Knowledge -- 12. Genealogical Research Strategies -- 13. Genealogical Perspectivism -- 14. Genealogical Criticism of Power and Rationalities -- Notes To Part II -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137300
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXV, 596 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 123
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 123
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface -- I. Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) and Archimedes (287–212 B.C.) -- II. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) -- III. Jerome Cardan (1501–1576) -- IV. The Impossibility of Perpetual Motion -- V. The Alexandrian Sources of Medieval Statics -- 1. The works attributed to Euclid -- 2. The Liber Charastonis, published by Thâbit ibn Qurra -- 3. The treatise De canonio -- VI. Statics During the Middle Ages — Jordanus de Nemore -- 1. What do we know about Jordanus de Nemore? -- 2. Some passages from Aristotle’s Mechanical Problems -- 3. The Elements of Jordanus on the Demonstration of Weights -- VII. The Statics of the Middle Ages (Continued) — The School of Jordanus -- 1. The Genesis of the Liber Euclidis de ponderibus -- 2. The Peripatetic transformation of the Elementa Jordani -- 3. The Precursor of Leonardo da Vinci. Discovery of the concept of moment. Solution to the problem of the inclined plane -- 4. The Treatise on Weights according to Master Blasius of Parma -- VIII. The Statics of the Middle Ages and Leonardo da Vinci -- 1. The School of Jordanus, the Treatise of Blasius of Parma and the Statics of Leonardo da Vinci -- 2. The Composition of Forces -- 3. The Problem of the Inclined Plane -- IX. The School of Jordanus in the 16th Century — Nicolo Tartaglia -- 1. Nicolo Tartaglia or Tartalea -- 2. Jerome Cardan. — Alexander Piccolomini. — -- X. The Reaction Against Jordanus — Guido Ubaldo — G.B. Benedetti -- 1. Guido Ubaldo, Marquis del Monte (1545–1607) -- 2. Giovanbattista Benedetti (1530–1590) -- XI. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). -- XII. Simon Stevin (1548–1620). -- XIII. The French Contribution to Statics — Roberval -- 1. Salomon de Caus. The Early Works of F. Mersenne. The Course on Mathematics by Pierre Hérigone -- 2. Gilles Persone de Roberval (1602–1675) -- XIV. The French Contribution to Statics (Continued) — René Descartes (1596–1650) -- Preface -- XV. The Mechanical Properties of the Center of Gravity from Albert of Saxony to Evangelista Torricelli -- First Period —From Albert of Saxony to the Copernican Revolution -- Second Period — From the Copernician Revolution to Torricelli -- XVI. The Doctrine of Albert of Saxony and the Geostaticians -- 1. How the notion of the center of gravity was refined. The influence of Kepler -- 2. How the notion of the center of gravity was refined (continued). The geostaticians -- XVII. The Systematization of the Laws of Statics -- 1. F. Marin Mersenne (1588–1648), Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), F. Zucchi (1586–1670), F. Honoré Fabri (1606–1688) -- 2. The Traité de Méchanique of Roberval -- 3. John Wallis (1616–1703) -- 4. The great treatises of statics from the Jesuit school. F. Dechales (1621–1678), F. Paolo Casati (1617–1707) -- 5. The reaction against the methods of virtual velocities and virtual work; Jacques Rohault (1620–1675), F. Pardies (1636–1673). The Treatises of F. Lamy, The De motu animalium of Borelli -- 6. The Parallelogram of Forces and Dynamics. The Observations of Roberval. Varignon (1654–1722). The Letter of F. Lamy. The Principia of Newton. The Neo-Statics of F. Saccheri -- 7. The Letter of Jean Bernoulli to Varignon (1717). The definitive formulation of the Principle of Virtual Displacements -- Note A. On the Identity of Charistion and Heriston -- Note B. Jordanus de Nemore and Roger Bacon -- Note C. On the Various Axioms Permitting the Deduction of the Theory of the Lever.
    Abstract: If ever a major study of the history of science should have acted like a sudden revolution it is this book, published in two volumes in 1905 and 1906 under the title, Les origines de la statique. Paris, the place of publication, and the Librairie scientifique A. Hermann that brought it be enough of a guarantee to prevent a very different out, could seem to outcome. Without prompting anyone, for some years yet, to follow up the revolutionary vistas which it opened up, Les origines de la statique certainly revolutionized Duhem's remaining ten or so years. He became the single-handed discoverer of a vast new land of Western intellectual history. Half a century later it could still be stated about the suddenly proliferating studies in medieval science that they were so many commentariesonDuhem's countlessfindings and observations. Of course, in 1906, Paris and the intellectual world in general were mesmerized by Bergson's Evolution creatrice, freshly off the press. It was meant to bring about a revolution. Bergson challenged head-on the leading dogma of the times, the idea of mechanistic evolution. He did so by noting, among other things, that to speak of vitalism was at least a roundabout recognition of scientific ignorance about a large number of facts concerning life-processes. He held high the idea of a "vital impetus passing through matter," and indeed through all matter or the universe, an impetus thatcould be detected only through intuitiveknowledge.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401137867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 319 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 9
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Does Distance Tyrannize Science? -- Tyrannies of Distance in British Science -- Dr George Bennett and Sir Richard Owen: A Case Study of the Colonization of Early Australian Science -- A Far Frontier: British Geological Research in Australia during the Nineteenth Century -- A Collaborative Dimension of the European Empires: Australian and French Acclimatization Societies and Intercolonial Scientific Co-operation -- International Exchange in the Natural History Enterprise: Museums in Australia and the United States -- A World-wide Scientific Network and Patronage System: Australian and Other ‘Colonial’ Fellows of the Royal Society of London -- Ionospheric and Radio Physics in Australian Science since the Early Days -- Theories of the Earth as Seen from Below -- Geographic Isolation and the Origin of Species: The Migrations of Michael White -- Antipodal Fire: Bushfire Research in Australia and America -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively early - though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. 'Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science' aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encouraged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9789401133463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 335 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodolgy, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Aspects of the Theory of Definition -- I / Preliminary Considerations -- Real and Nominal Definitions -- Primitive Concepts: Habits, Conventions, and Laws -- II / Definitional Desiderata -- Vagueness and the Desiderata for Definition -- Definition in a Quinean World -- III / Formal Developments -- Definitions and Definability -- Towards a General Theory of Identifiability -- IV / Epistemic Dimensions -- Epistemic Terms and the Aims of Epistemology -- Rational Definitions and Defining Rationality -- V / Specialized Conceptions -- Idealized Definitions in Physics and Idealized Dispositions -- Inverted Definitions and Their Uses -- VI / Disciplinary Conceptions -- Definitions in Law -- Defining the Divine -- Philosophical Analyses: An Explanation and Defense -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 213
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Philosophical Autobiography -- Selected Correspondence with Geach -- History of Philosophy -- Abelard and Medieval Mereology -- Form, Existence and Essence in Aquinas -- On the Discontinuity of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy -- Possibility, Plenitude and Determinism -- Logic -- Plural and Pleonetetic Quantification -- On a Queer Pattern of Argument -- Geach and the Methodology of the Logical Study of Natural Language -- Natural Deduction and Ordinary Language Discourse Structure Identity -- Does Quantification Involve Identity? -- Conceptual Surroundings of Absolute Identity -- On Sameness and Selfhood -- Philosophy of Religion -- Philosophical Confusion and Sin -- On Improving Christianity -- Replies -- Bibliography of Works of P. T. Geach.
    Abstract: The present volume owes its existence to a proposal of Dr Esa Saarinen. Our aim was to celebrate the work of a living philosopher by presenting it both from his own point of view, through the medium of a philosophical autobiography, and from that of his closest philo­ sophical colleagues and adversaries. We felt that a philosophical career lived through vigorous controversy was best reflected not by adulation but in the spirit of that career - by open debate. Contributors were not constrained in their choice of topic, but their contributions fell naturally into groups linked with some of Peter Geach's principal areas of interest, and we have so grouped them in the book. There is an interweaving of biographical and philosophical themes, not only in Peter Geach's philosophical autobiography, but also in the introductions he has contributed to each section. Professor W. V. O. Quine's contribution, which consists of extracts from his correspondence with Peter Geach, has been set apart as it forms a natural bridge between Peter Geach's autobiography and the contri­ butions that follow. Their correspondence reproduced here throws new light on many familiar themes from the writings of both philosophers: among them, the objects of belief and other attitudes, issues in set theory, the nature of causality, and evolution in epistemology.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789401131742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 131
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 131
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One -- 1 / On the Objects of Our Subjective Knowledge -- 2 / Human Knowledge and Human Interaction -- 3 / Indeterminacy of Translation: A Non-Quinean Function of Content-Indeterminacy -- 4 / On the Impossibility of any Enterprise Concerning Self-Knowledge within Traditional Epistemology -- Two -- 5 / Methodological Essentialism in Science and in Philosophy -- 6 / Of Variance and Invariance in Science: Empirical Science as an Enterprise ComprisingNFCPSSystems -- 7 / Falsifiability and Methodological Invariance in Science -- 8 / The Methodology of Theory-Problem Interactive Systems -- 9 / The Resolving Power of a Scientific Theory as a Basis of its Epistemic Appraisal -- 10 / Epilogue -- Notes -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes? In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec­ tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor­ tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Austroasiatic languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Asia—Languages.
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- Two: Palauan —A Sketch of the Grammar -- Three: The Variable Binding Structures -- Four: Variable Binding -- Five: Embedded Questions and the Scope of WH Phrases -- Six: Crossover Constructions -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book represents the culmination of an extended period of field work on the Palauan language, carried out while I was a graduate student at the University of California at San Diego. The book was born as a short term paper written in 1982; from a forgettable infancy, that paper grew and grew, reaching the age of majority in my dissertation at the end of 1985. Some of its offspring have gone off on their own, as indepen­ dent papers, as course materials, or as thoughts that have not yet com­ pletely materialized. Some have been disowned. The full adulthood of this study of Palauan is realized in the present book. Virtually every section of the dissertation has been rewritten, updated, or otherwise (I hope) improved. Where the dissertation was still struggling with various problems, the book has found solutions. The aim of the book remains, however, to give broad coverage of Palauan, with emphasis on A' binding, rather than to focus narrowly on a few highly specific theoretical issues. I hope to have achieved a balance between presenting the language clearly and nonprejudicially, and deal­ ing with various of its properties in current theoretical terms. If I have, the book should prove to be a resource for further typological study of the phenomena it describes.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Clinical Medical Ethics 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Ethics
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- Two: Treatment Refusal and the Patient’s Choice: Foundations in History, Law, and Ethics -- Three: The “Future Factor”: Conceptual Foundations of Advance Directives -- Four: Advance Directives: Current Forms, Legal Fears, Moral Goals -- Five: When Choices Fail -- Six: The Forecast for Advance Directives: Indispensable or Superfluous? -- Bibliography: Books and Articles -- Bibliography: Cases and Statutes -- Appendix: Advance Directive Statutes, State-by-State Listing.
    Abstract: The first time I read the medical consent and authorization. it had registered in my mind simply as a legal document. Now I began to understand what it meant. It was a letter of ultimate love and trust. (Schucking. 1985. p. 268) Ever since Karen Ann Quinlan slipped into permanent unconsciousness in 1975 and her father agonized publicly over whether she should remain indefinitely on a respirator (In re Quinlan, 1976), the desires of patients, their families, and their friends to limit the application of apparently limitless medical technology have been a pressing concern for ethics, law, and public policy. Ms. Quinlan's case contained nearly all the elements of the problems we still face: vague, general, but sincere prior oral statements suggesting that she would not want continued treatment; a family attempting to do what they saw as best for her; and physicians uncertain whether to use medical judgment alone (and if so, what the "right" medical decision was), to preserve her life at all costs, or to honor the family's interpretation of their daughter's choice. Most ironically, once she was removed from her respirator, she did not die. Karen Quinlan - like dozens of other names made famous by court decisions, newspaper stories, and television evening news - has come to symbolize a tangled knot of issues surrounding the end of life and who controls it.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A History of Women Philosophers 3
    Series Statement: History of Women Philosophers 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Natural Philosophy -- IV. Feminism -- V. Conclusions -- 2. Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophy -- III. Conclusions -- 3. Anne Finch, Viscountess Conway -- I. Biography -- II. Influence on Leibniz -- III. Philosophical Writing -- IV. Summary -- 4. Sor Juana Inés De La Cruz -- I. Biography -- II. Prose Philosophical Works -- III. Philosophical Poetry -- IV. Conclusions -- 5. Damaris Cudworth Masham -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Conclusions -- 6. Mary Astell -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Religious Epistemology and Women -- IV. Epistemology and Religious Knowledge -- V. Conclusions -- 7. Catharine Trotter Cockburn -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophical Writings -- III. Epistemological Foundations of Moral Law -- IV. Epistemological Foundation of Religion -- V. The Immortality of the Soul -- VI. Summary -- VII. Conclusions -- 8. Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier De Breteuil Du Châtelet-Lomont -- I. Biography -- II. Ethics, Religion and Philosophy of Language -- III. Collaborative Works -- IV. Metaphysics -- V. Philosophy of Science -- VI. Conclusions -- 9. Mary Wollstonecraft -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 10. Clarisse Coignet -- I. Introduction -- II. Metaethics and Moral Philosophy -- III. Political and Social Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 11. Antoinette Brown Blackwell -- I. Biography -- II. Philosophy -- III. Conclusions -- 12. Julie Velten Favre -- I. Biography -- II. Works -- III. Philosophy -- IV. Conclusions -- 13. Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries -- I. The Seventeenth Century -- II. The Eighteenth Century -- III. The Nineteenth Century -- IV. Conclusions.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401137362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: To The Argument Of 1768 -- To The Arguments Of 1770 And 1783 -- On The First Ground Of The Distinction Of Regions In Space (1768) -- Selection From Section 15 Of Dissertation On The Form And Principles Of The Sensible And Intelligible World (1770) -- Selection From The Prolegomena To Any Future Metaphysics (1783) -- On Higher Space -- The Paradox Of Incongruous Counterparts -- Tractatus 6.36111 -- Incongruent Counterparts And Absolute Space -- The Fourth Dimension -- The Ozma Problem And The Fall Of Parity -- The Difference Between Right And Left -- Kant Incongruous Counterparts, And The Nature Of Space And Space-Time -- Hands, Knees, And Absolute Space -- Incongruous Counterparts, Intrinsic Features, And The Substantiviality Of Space -- Incongruent Counterparts -- Showing And Telling: Can The Difference Between Right And Left Be Explained In Words? -- Right, Left, And The Fourth Dimension -- On the Other Hand...: A Reconsideration of Kant, Incongruent Counterparts, and Absolute Space -- Replies To Sklar And Earman -- Kant On Incongruent Counterparts -- The Role of Incongruent Counterparts in Kant’s Transcendental Idealism -- Incongruent Counterparts And Things In Themselves -- Contemporary Contributors.
    Abstract: Incongruent counterparts are objects that are perfectly similar except for being mirror images of each other, such as left and right human hands. Immanuel Kant was the first great thinker to point out the philosophical significance of such objects. He called them "counter­ parts" because they are similar in nearly every way, "incongruent" because, despite their similarity, one could never be put in the place of the other. Three important discussions of incongruent counterparts occur in Kant's writings. The first is an article published in 1768, 'On the First Ground of the Distinction of Regions in Space', in which Kant con­ tended that incongruent counterparts furnish a refutation of Leibniz's relational theory of space and a proof of Newton's rival theory of absolute space. The second is a section of his Inaugural Dissertation, published two years later in 1770, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as showing that our knowledge of space must rest on intuitions. The third is a section of the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics of 1783, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as a paradox resolvable only by his own theory of space as mind-dependent. A fourth mention in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science of 1786 briefly repeats the Prolegomena point. Curiously, there is no mention of incongruent counterparts in either of the editions (1781 and 1787) of Kant's magnum opus, the Critique of Pure Reason.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’archives-Husserl 122
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One / The Critique of Relativism in the Prolegomena to the Logical Investigations -- 1. The Prolegomena Critique -- 2. Relativism Reconsidered -- Two / The Critique of Historicism and Weltanschauung Philosophy in “Philosophy as Rigorous Science” -- 1. The Critique of Historicism -- 2. The Defense of Philosophy as a Science -- Three / The Phenomenological Elucidation of Truth: Between Skepticism and Relativism -- 1. Cartesian Objectivism and the Epistemic Critique -- 2. Truth and Evidenz in the Prolegomena -- 3. Truth and Evidenz in the Sixth Investigation -- 4. Truth and Evidenz in Ideas I -- 5. Summary and Provisional Conclusions -- Four / Phenomenology and the Absolute -- 1. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Path to Absolute Evidenz -- 2. Adequacy and Apodicticity -- 3. Intersubjectivity: A First Approach -- Five / Relativism and the Lifeworld -- 1. Historical Introduction: The ‘Turn’ to the Lifeworld -- 2. The Plurality and Relativity of the Lifeworld -- 3. The Lifeworld and Truth -- 4. The Priority of the Lifeworld -- 5. The Phenomenological Overcoming of Relativism -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The question of relativism is a perennial one, and as fundamental and far­ reaching as the question of truth itself. Is truth absolute and universal, the same everywhere and for everyone? Or is truth historically, culturally, biologically, or otherwise relative, varying from one epoch or species to another? Although the issues surrounding relativism have attracted especially intense interest of late, they continue to spark heated controversies and to pose problems lacking an obvious resolution. On the side of one prevalent form of relativism, it is argued that we must finally recognize the historical and cultural contingency of our available means of cognition, and therefore abandon as naIve the absolute conception of truth dear to traditional philosophy. According to this line of thinking, even if there were univer­ sally valid principles, knowledge of them would not be possible for us, and thus an absolute conception of truth must be rejected in light of the demands of critical epistemology. However, when truth is accordingly relativized to some contingent subjective cognitive background, new difficulties arise. One of the most infamous of these is the logical inconsistency of the resulting thesis of relativism itself. Yet an even more serious problem is that the relativization of truth makes truth itself contingent, thereby undermining the motivation for preferring one belief or value to another, or even to its opposite.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer science ; History ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: Socratic and Platonic Sources of Cognitivism -- The First Functionalist -- Mental Representations in Later Medieval Scholasticism -- Ockham on Mental Language -- Linguistics and Descartes -- Spinoza’s Science of the ‘Idea of the Body’ -- Leibnizian Resonances -- Hume and Cognitive Science -- Reid and the Contemporary View of Consciousness -- Kant’s Functionalism -- Kant’s Dedicated Cognitivist System -- Husserl and the Representational Theory of Mind -- The Introspectionism of Titchener -- Analytic Philosophy and Mental Phenomena -- Intuitive Psychologists: Mental Activities and Their Parts.
    Abstract: My interest in gathering together a collection of this sort was generated by a fortuitous combination of historical studies under Professor Keith Lehrer and studies in cognitive science under Professor R. Michael Harnish at the University of Arizona. Work on the volume began there while I was an instructor in the Department of Linguistics and was greatly encouraged by participants in the Faculty Seminar on Cognitive Science chaired by Professor Lance J. Rips. I wish to express my appreciation to all of these and to many other individuals with whom I discussed the possibility of contribution to this work. I am especially grateful to the authors of the essays included here, as they showed more patience than I could have hoped for in seeing me through a number of uncertain stages in development of the project. My thanks are also due to my colleague Charles Reid for assistance in reviewing submissions, to Tim McFadden for computer resources, and again, to Keith Lehrer for continuing advice in arrangements for publication. Financial support for manuscript preparation was provided in part under University Research Grant No. 617 from the University Research Council, Youngstown State University.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789401132909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 529 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 18
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Environmental management ; Environmental toxicology ; Nature Conservation
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 222 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History. ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1: Mill And The Right Of Free Expression -- I. Mill’s Concept Of A Right -- II. The Basic Elements Of Mill’s Moral Theory -- III. The Right Of Free Expression -- 2: The Right Of Free Expression -- I. Features Of A Basic Constitutional Right -- II. Philosophical Justifications For Freedom of Expression -- III. The Right Of Free Expression—A New Perspective -- IV. Censorship and Regulation-Crucial Tools of Analysis 23 V. Conclusion -- 3: Symbolic Conduct And Freedom Of Speech -- I. The Nature Of Symbolic Conduct -- II. The Argument For Protection -- III. Objections And Replies -- IV. Legal Doctrines Needed -- 4: Judicial Review, Constitutionally Protected Rights, And Democracy -- I. Principles Used In Deciding Constitutional Questions -- II. The Role Of The Constitution In Protecting 51 Basic -- 5: Some Aspects Of Legal Reasoning Concerning Constitutionally Protected Rights -- I. Constitutionally Protected Rights And Values Esssential To A Democracy -- II. The Courts Protection Of Fundamental Rights -- 6: ‘Law And Order’ And Civil DISOBEDIENCE -- I. Law, Regularity And Security -- II. Disorder -- III. Replies To Objections -- 7: Paternalism And Autonomy -- I. Mill’s Concept of Happiness -- II. Mill’s Conception of Justice and Rights -- III. Further Development of Mill’s Theory -- IV. Paternalism and Autonomy -- 8: Sex Role Change And Autonomy -- 9: Racial And Sex-Role Stereotyping In The Media: An Analysis -- 10: The Differences In The Cases For And Against Preferential Treatment Based On Sex And Those Based On Race -- 11: Pornography, Sex, And Censorship -- I. Objections To Pornography: Conflicting Views On Sex -- II. The Response To Conservative Objections -- 12: Pornography, Feminism, And Censorship -- I. The Feminist Objections To Pornography -- II. Response To The Arguments -- III. Conclusions -- 13: Gratitude -- I. The Duty To Show Gratitude -- II. What Does Gratitude Express -- III. The Significance Of Gratitude For Moral Philosophy -- 14: Love, Friendship, And Utility: On Practical Reason And Reductionism -- I. Love and Friendship -- II. Utilitarianism -- III. Practical Reasoning and Reductivist Explanation -- Bibliography Of Fred Berger’s Work -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the essays that follow, Fred Berger argues for freedom of expression, civil disobedience, affirmative action and what he calls liberal judicial activism and against sex-role stereotyping, paternalism and the censorship of pornography. Underlying his liberalism is a unified theory. That theory consists of a conception of rights, a theory of value and a theory of government. The conception of a right that Berger defends derives from J ohn Stuart Mill and is captured by what he calls "the rights­ formula": to have a right is to have important interests that society ought to protect as a matter of general rule (pp. 2, 7, 17-18, 19, 95). Since rights are to be protected by general rule, case-by-case consideration of consequences is ruled out (pp. 3, 18, 96) and neither modest increases in the general welfare, nor majority opinion, can justify the violation of a right (pp. 14-15; 17-18). Berger combines this view of the nature of a right with an objective theory of value according to which the important interests that ought to be protected are ones that people have "whether they know them or not, whether they desire that in which they have an interest or not" (p.
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemolog Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: “Ma vie en bref” -- “Indeterminism or Instability, Does It Matter?” -- “Covariance and the Non-Preference of Coordinate Systems” -- “Kant’s ‘Platonic’ Argument in Behalf of the A Priori Character of the Representation of Space” -- “The Sense of the A Priori Method in Leibniz’s Dynamics” -- “Méthode axiomatique et idée de système dans l’oeuvre de Jules Vuillemin” -- “Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate” -- “On Whether an Answer to a Why-Question Is an Explanation If and Only If It Yields Scientific Understanding” -- “Some Revisionary Proposals About Belief and Believing” -- “Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent” -- “Temporal Necessity, Time and Ability: a philosophical commentary on Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument as given in the interpretation of Jules Vuillemin” -- “Replies” -- List of the Publications of Jules Vuillemin, 1947–1989.
    Abstract: Deservedly so, Jules Vuillemin is widely respected and greatly admired. It is not simply that he has produced a large body of outstanding work, in many different areas of philosophy. Or that he combines to an unusual degree rigorous standards with a very wide perspective. Or even that in his path-breaking accounts of algebra, of !)escartes, of Kant and of Russell, he showed in new and profound ways how the histories of science and philosophy could be used to illuminate each other. It is also that he has pursued the application of formal techniques and the defense of liberal institutions with a rare singlemindedness and courage. In a time and place where the former were generally ignored and the latter often attacked, he carried on, at some personal cost, embodying a traditional and ideal conception of the philosophical life, bridging national differences. Those who know him also treasure his friendship. Always curious, he delights in new facts and new experiences, and continually heightens the perception of those around him. Almost yearly, at the College de France he introduced brand new courses always with fresh and fruitful inSights. Exceptionally solicitous, he follows the lives of the families around him in great detail. The devotion of his students is legend. His personal energy is also legend. Many of us have followed him bounding up the stairs two at a time or through the gardens of the Luxembourg, his wit and irony apace.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401132442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On (the x) (x = Lambert) -- Five Easy Pieces -- The Cartesian Cogitos -- Undefined Definite Descriptions -- Maximum Entropy Updating and Conditionalization -- Leibniz on Ens and Existence -- Colours, Corners and Complexity: Meinong and Wittgenstein on Some Internal Relations -- Atomic Sentences as Singular Terms in Free Logic -- EPR-Situation and Bell’s Inequality -- On Being Spread Out in Time: Temporal Parts and the Problem of Change -- Stability and Chance -- A Reason for Explanation: Explanations Provide Stable Reasons -- The Systems of Plato and Aristotle Compared as to Their Contributions to Physics -- A Note on Aristotle’s Theory of Definition and Scientific Explanation -- Actualism, Free Logic and First-Order Supervaluations -- Bibliography Of Karel Lambert.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is dedicated to 'Joe' Karel Lambert. The contributors are all personally affected to Joe in some way or other, but they are definitely not the only ones. Whatever excuses there are - there are some -, the editors apologize to whomever they have neglected. But even so the collection displays how influential Karel Lambert has been, personally and through his teaching and his writings. The display is in alphabetical order - with one exception: Bas van Fraassen, being about the earliest student of Karel Lambert, opens the collection with some reminiscences. Naturally, one of the focal points of this volume is Lambert's logical thinking and (or: freed of) ontological thinking. Free logic is intimately connected with description theory. Bas van Fraassen gives a survey of the development of the area, and Charles Daniels points to difficulties with definite descriptions in modal contexts and stories. Peter Woodruff addresses the relation between free logic and supervaluation semantics, presenting a novel condition which recovers desirable metatheoretic properties for free logic under that semantics. Terence Parsons shows how free logic can be utilized in interpreting sentences as purporting to denote events (true ones succeed and false ones fail) and how this helps to understand natural language.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789401132985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 246 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Regional planning ; History ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: ONE George Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. The Formative Years -- II. Against Revisionism -- III. Deba’tes And Other Developments -- TWO Philosophical Influences on Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. The History Of Ma l’erialism -- II. Spinoza -- III. The Eighteenth- Century Materialists -- IV. The Non-Materialists’ Contribution: Kant And The German Idealists -- V. Ludwig Feuerbach -- VI. Feuerbach In Russia: Nikolaj Chernyshevsky -- THREE The Scientific Referents of Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. Physiology In Russian Culture At The End Of The Nineteenth Century -- II. Ivan M. Secenov -- III. Plekhanov And The Natural Sciences -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Appendix: Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge in Soviet Studies.
    Abstract: 1. One of the most outstanding leaders within Second International Marxism, George Plekhanov has interested Western scholars primarily as a historical and political figure, specifically as the first full-fledged Marxist among the Russian intelligentsia. At the end of the nineteenth century he was the leader in putting Russian progressive culture in touch with Western Marxism, breaking away from Populism and, at the same time, resuming materialistic tradition within Russian progressive thought. Among Russian revolutionaries, a few others to be sure had been interested in Marx before Plekhanov. The translations of some of Marx' works into Russian show this clearly. In 1869 Mikhail Bakunin translated The Communist Manifesto. Three years later Nikolaj Daniel'son, a populist, completed the first foreign-language version of the first book of Marx' Capital and within six months about a thousand copies had been sold. In the middle of the 1870's, an 'academic' economist, N. !. Ziber, helped to spread Marx' economic ideas by teaching them in Kiev and writing articles in the journal Slovo, which to some extent influenced Plekhanov's later choices. But it was Plekhanov who first analyzed the Russian situation as a whole in Marxist terms, thereby earning renown as the "Father of Russian Marxism". 1 His writings became the school for a whole generation of revolutionaries. At the beginning respected and venerated, then rejected and criticized, Plekhanov for long held the leadership of Russian Marxism, as its best-known 'Master'.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133425
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 327 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 126
    DDC: 530.01
    Keywords: Physics ; Science Philosophy
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401125802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Heidegger and the Formalization of Thought -- The Justification of Logic and Mathematics in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- On Husserl’s Distinction between State of Affairs (Sachverhalt) and Situation of Affairs (Sachlage) -- On Situations and States of Affairs -- Modalization and Modalities -- Remarks on Modalization and Modalities -- Husserl’s Formalism -- Mathematics as a Transcendental Science -- Mathematics and the Task of Phenomenology -- ”Tertium Non Datur:” Husserl’s Conception of a Definite Multiplicity -- Psychologism Revisited -- Some Reflections on Psychologism -- How Mathematical Foundation all but come about: A Report on Studies Toward a Phenomenological Critique of Gödel’s Views on Mathematical Intuition -- On Geometric Intentionality -- Sentences which are True in Virtue of their Color -- Willard and Husserl on Logical Form -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789401134682
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Sign language ; Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 1. Universal Grammar and American Sign Language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Theoretical Framework: Government and Binding -- 3. The Structure of American Sign Language -- 4. Language Acquisition -- Notes -- 2. Null Arguments in American Sign Language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Null Pronominal Arguments of Agreeing Verbs -- 3. Some Previous Analyses of Null Pronouns -- 4. The Null Pronoun Parameters -- 5. The Occurrence of Null Arguments with Non-Agreeing Verbs -- 6. Questions for Huang’s Account of Chinese -- 7. A Cross-Linguistic Survey of Null Arguments -- 8. Setting the Null Argument Parameters -- Notes -- 3. Acquiring the Correct Settings on the Null Argument Parameters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Acquisition of Null Argument Structures in ASL: Production -- 3. The Acquisition of Null Pronoun Structures in ASL: Imitation -- 4. Effects of the Acquisition of Morphology on Syntactic Parameter Setting -- 5. The Acquisition of Null and Overt Arguments in Spoken Languages -- 6. Performance Accounts of Children’s Null Subjects -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- 4. Summary, Suggestions, and Conclusions -- 1. Summary of Results -- 2. Suggestions for an Analysis of the Initial Settings -- 3. A Model of Language and Mind -- Notes -- Appendix 1: Subjects Involved in Production and Imitation Studies -- Appendix 2: Imitation Task Stimuli -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE American Sign Language (ASL) is the visual-gestural language used by most of the deaf community in the United States and parts of Canada. On the surface, this language (as all signed languages) seems radically different from the spoken languages which have been used to formulate theories of linguistic princi­ ples and parameters. However, the position taken in this book is that when the surface effects of modality are stripped away, ASL will be seen to follow many of the patterns proposed as universals for human language. If these theoretical constructs are meant to hold for language in general, then they should hold for natural human language in any modality; and ifASL is such a natural human language, then it too must be accounted for by any adequate theory of Universal Grammar. For this rea­ son, the study of ASL can be vital for proposed theories of Universal Grammar. Recent work in several theoretical frameworks of syntax as well as phonology have argued that indeed, ASL is such a lan­ guage. I will assume then, that principles of Universal Gram­ mar, and principles that derive from it, are applicable to ASL, and in fact that ASL can serve as one of the languages which test Universal Grammar. There is an important distinction to be drawn, however, be­ tween what is called here 'American Sign Language', and other forms of manual communication.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789401134781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Two Theoretical Frameworks -- 2. Purpose Constructions -- II. External Syntax -- 1. Distinguishing Purpose Clauses -- 2.Adjunction of IOC and PC -- 3. Purpose Clauses as Adjuncts -- 4. Wh-Extraction -- III. Internal Syntax -- 1. Inside In Order Clauses -- 2. Inside Subject-Gap Purpose Clauses -- 3. Inside Object-Gap Purpose Clauses -- 4. The PP ‘Subject’ of OPC -- 5. PC and Be -- IV. Easy-Clauses -- 1. Easy-S’ -- 2. Easy-Clause = OPC -- 3. The New Tough Movement -- 4. Related Constructions -- V. Quantification -- 1. Quantification and Predication -- 2. Quantifying PRO arb -- 3. Control via Empty Operators -- 4. Conclusion -- VI. Control -- 1. A Semantics for Control -- 2. What is a ?-Role? -- 3. Control of Purpose Clauses -- 4. Generalized Control -- 5. Obligatory Control and the Argument/Adjunct Distinction -- VII. Conclusion -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The purpose clause is a common fonn of adverbial modification in English. The bracketed phrases below are purpose clauses, and they look and sound unremarkable. We hear and see these things all the time. John came [to play with the children] [to play with] I brought John along Insofar as purpose clauses appear to be adverbial, they frequently occupy a relatively low place on the scale of important things for syntactic theory to address itself to. In this book I assume the theoretical framework that has come to be known as 'Government-Binding' theory (GB), initiated in Chomsky (1981). The general fonn of the analyis of purpose clauses in GB dates roughly from Chomsky (1977). where several kinds of constructions akin to purpose clauses are identified. Within GB. this analysis is so widely accepted that it deserves to be considered the standard theory. This book, then. is about a few syntactically peripheral ell~ments that have enjoyed a relatively long-lived. virtually universally accepted. theoretical treatment What is perhaps an obvious question arises in this context. Why write a GB book about purpose clauses? This book. I hope, will supply an interesting answer. Simply put. purpose clause:;, and related constructions, have various properties that are not accounted for in the standard theory. In this book I propose an alternative analysis of purpose clauses, an analysis from which. I think. more of their properties follow more naturally.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401131681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 354 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematics Education Library 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; History.
    Abstract: and overview -- Notes Introduction -- 1 Description of the fraction problem -- 1.1 Introduction and overview -- 1.2 Pointing out the problem -- 1.3 Description of the problem -- 1.4 Overview and outlook -- Notes chapter 1 -- 2 Currents-standpoint-proposal -- 2.1 Introduction and overview -- 2.2 Currents -- 2.3 Standpoint -- 2.4 Proposal -- 2.5 Review and outlook -- Notes chapter 2 -- 3 The context of the research -- 3.1 Introduction and overview -- 3.2 Starting from the construction principle -- 3.3 Development research -- 3.4 Design and method -- 3.5 The research group -- 3.6 The researcher’s position -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Notes chapter 3 -- 4 The course in theory and practice -- 4.1 Introduction and overview -- 4.2 Global outline of the fraction course -- 4.3 Producing fractions: the teaching experiment -- 4.4 In view of mathematization -- 4.5 Review and outlook -- Notes chapter 4 -- 5 Individual portraits of the fraction researchers -- 5.1 Introduction and overview -- 5.2 Indicators for the (improvement in) quality of the individual learning processes -- 5.3 The student portraits -- 5.4 Review and outlook -- Notes chapter 5 -- 6 Internal evaluation of the learning process -- 6.1 Introduction and overview -- 6.2 Yielding to and building up resistance to IN-distractors -- 6.3 Progression in schematizating through abbreviations -- 6.4 Models and diagrams -- 6.5 Acquiring representations fitting formally posed problems -- 6.6 Constructions and productions on a symbolic level -- 6.7 The framework of the level-theory and the course construction -- 6.8 Review and outlook -- Notes chapter 6 -- 7 External or summative evaluation -- 7.1 Introduction and overview -- 7.2 Weighing the groups -- 7.3 Comparing and characterizing the programs -- 7.4 The tests -- 7.5 Results -- 7.6 Summary and conclusions -- 7.7 Realistic and mechanistic: a difference in effects? -- 7.8 A look ahead -- Notes chapter 7 -- 8 Theoretical review -- 8.1 Introduction and overview -- 8.2 Teaching and learning fractions -- 8.3 Conclusion -- Notes chapter 8 -- Epilogue: Sketch of a new course -fractions, an integrated perspective-.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132268
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 197 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 121
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 121
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Religion. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The History of Religion and the Absolute Religion -- Comment -- “Absolute” and “Consummate” Religion. The Foundations of Hegel’s Comparison of Christianity and the Non-Christian Religions in his Philosophy of History -- Comment -- Hegel’s Phenomenology of Religion -- Comment -- Kierkegaard’s Attack on Hegel -- Comment -- Absolute Knowledge and the Experience of Faith. The Relevance of the Religious Dimension in Hegel’s Thought -- Comment.
    Abstract: The purpose of this collection of papers is to introduce English­ speaking philosophers and theologians to something of the variety of the contemporary debate about the religious relevance of Hegel's thought. It is published in the hope that it will appeal not only to specialised students of Hegel's Philosophy of Religion but to a wide audience of scholars interested in Hegel's thought as a whole. The volume grew out of the 1987 Oxford conference on Thought and Faith in the Philosophy of Hegel, but has since developed beyond the confines of the original conference programme. The programme of the conference consisted of five major papers on different aspects of Hegel's religious thought and its reception, followed by a somewhat shorter commentary delivered by another scholar in the same field. This basic format has been retained, but a number of the commentaries have been extended or rewritten and an entirely new piece by Kurt Meist has been commissioned for the purpose of this collection. The volume includes studies of the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion and the Phenomenology, as well as pieces dealing with the theological relevance of Hegel's philosophy of history and Kierkegaard's attack on Hegel. It con­ cludes with an examination of the relevance of Hegel's doctrine of absolute Spirit to the modern defence of his philosophy as a whole.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 135 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Initial Assumptions -- 2: The Standard Theory of Past, Present, and Future -- 3: The Non-Standard Theory of Past, Present, and Future -- 4: Past, Present, Future and Time -- 5: Past, Present, Future and Existence -- 6: Past, Present, Future and Becoming -- 7: Other Theories of Past, Present, and Future -- Appendix: Point-Eventism.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Henryk Mehlberg, primarily because I want to recall his name to readers in the West; for, although Professor Mehlberg was the foremost Polish philosopher in the field of philosophy of time-in that version which is related to twentieth­ century physics-his fundamental work concerning time was published in English 43 years after its original publication (cf. Mehlberg, 1980). I am deeply indebted to Henryk Mehlberg. For two years after the Second World War, I was his student at Wroclaw University (where he lectured on philosophy and mathematical logic). At that time, I developed, under his influence, a long-life fascination with the philosophy of time, and was taught by him how to approach these problems effectively. My research in this field has resulted in three books. The first, Prop­ erties of Time, published (in Polish) in 1970, concerns the topological properties and properties of symmetry (homogeneity and anisotropy) of time. The second, The Nature of Time, published (in Polish) in 1975, looks at possible definitions of time within both theories of relativity. The present book is the third, originally published (in Polish) in 1979; it concerns philosophical problems of past, present, and future and is here presented in English to reach a wider audience.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401134064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 384 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 129
    DDC: 616.079
    Keywords: Medicine ; Immunology ; Biology Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Morphology (Animals)
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789401124843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 212 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 124
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 124
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I. Meditation ist Erfahrung Fundierend? -- Abschnitt 1. Das wahrgenommene Dingobjekt: Würfel oder Hexaeder? -- Abschnitt 2. Immanente Wahrnehmung und temporale Horizonte -- Abschnitt 3. Immanente Wahrnehmung oder Reflexion? -- Abschnitt 4. Eidos und Erfahrung -- Abschnitt 5. Das vergessene Vergessen und das verlernte Lernen -- Abschnitt 6. Wesentliche Ambivalenz der wahrnehmenden Erfahrung -- II. Meditation Eine Welt, Viele Welten -- Abschnitt 1. Gibt es eine Erfahrung der Welt? -- Abschnitt 2. Ontische Welt und Welthorizont -- Abschnitt 3. Der offene Horizont -- Abschnitt 4. Vielfalt von Welten -- Abschnitt 5. Welt, Endlichkeit und Faktizität -- Abschnitt 6. Die horizontlose Welt der Wissenschaft -- III. Meditation Ontologie des Zusammenspiels -- Abschnitt 1. Erfahrung und Kontemplation -- Abschnitt 2. Leibliche Erfahrung -- Abschnitt 3. Zusammenspiel und Optimalsituation -- Abschnitt 4. Das Spiel der Hände -- IV. Meditation Konstitution und Zusammenspiel -- Abschnitt 1. Mitkonstituenten und Mitkonstituierende -- Abschnitt 2. Lebenswelt und Praxis -- Abschnitt 3. Normativität der Lebenswelt -- Abschnitt 4. Konstitution einer Umwelt -- Abschnitt 5. Höherstufige Tradition -- Abschnitt 6. Vorläufige Zwischenbetrachtung -- V. Meditation Welt im Widerspruch -- Abschnitt 1. Irrtum, Fehlschlag, Konflikt -- Abschnitt 2. Der Andere und der Fremde -- Abschnitt 3. Heimwelt und Fremdwelt -- Abschnitt 4. Fremde draußen, Fremde drinnen -- Abschnitt 5. Die Fremdwelt als Gegenwelt -- Abschnitt 6. Probleme des relativen Sinnes -- VI. Meditation Naturaler Bereich und Welt des Menschen -- Abschnitt 1. Zusammenspiel und symbiotische Verflechtung -- Abschnitt 2. Welt ohne Wahrheit -- Abschnitt 3. Welt ohne Güte -- VII. Meditation die Dimension der Höhe -- Abschnitt 1. Sinn und Sinngebung -- Abschnitt 2. Symbolisches Verhalten -- Abschnitt 3. Dualismus, Monismus, Exteriorität -- VIII. Meditation Grenzen Einer Transzendentalphilosophie -- Abschnitt 1 Die Eigenart von Husserls transzendentalem Denken -- Abschnitt 2. Ethische Erfahrung -- IX. Meditation Absolute Verantwortung -- Abschnitt 1. Das “desiderium” der Getrennten -- Abschnitt 2. Zusammenspiel und ethische Initiative -- Abschnitt 3. Die Absolutheit der Verantwortung -- Abschnitt 4. Das Sagen als Zuwendung -- X. Meditation Vernunftglaube -- Abschnitt 1. “Ent-täuschung” der wissenschaftlichen Vernunft -- Abschnitt 2. Der Phänomenologe am Scheideweg -- Abschnitt 3. Eine Ethik des Friedens -- Abschnitt 4. Zweierlei Wahrheitsethos -- Abschnitt 5. Ratio militans -- Bibliographie -- Namenregister.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789401137546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 143 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage DES Centres D’Archives-Husserl 119
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 119
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I: Husserl’s Phenomenological Philosophy -- The Method of Phenomenological Constitution -- II: De-Construction -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Transcendental Ego -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Flux of Inner Time Consciousness -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Own Body -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Other Subject -- III: Re-Construction -- Genetic Ontology -- Select Bibliography -- Name Index.
    Abstract: For some twenty years now, I have been working on a philosophical programme which falls into two parts, a systematic metaphysics, to be entitled Being and Becoming, conceived in the general framework of ontological phenomenology, but employing what I call a 'genetic' methodol­ ogy, and an historical interpretation, designed to support and confirm the ontological philosophy in question. The historical part of the overall programme was originally conceived in the form of an Epochal Interpretation of the history of modern philosophy from Descartes on. Part of the material accumulated towards such an Epochal Interpretation has however been deployed rather differently. First, the Kant material has already been turned into an interpretive transforma­ tion of Kant's Critical Philosophy. Second, the material on Husserl' s Phenomenological Philosophy now forms the basis of the present study. The interpretive transformation of Kant's Critical philosophy was published by Winter Verlag in the context of a Humboldt fellowship. In that work, I took Heidegger's Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics as my model. Like Heidegger, I subjected the Critical Philosophy to an interpre­ tive procedure as a result of which I finished up with structures matching and reflecting the basic structures of my own (genetic) ontology. But I sought to overcome certain limitations inherent in the Heideggerian project.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132121
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (388p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: One: Logic and Set Theory -- 1.1. First Order Logic -- 1.2. Second Order Logic -- 1.3. First Order Theories -- 1.4. Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory -- Two: Partial Orders -- 2.1. Universal Algebra -- 2.2. Partial Orders and Equivalence Relations -- 2.3. Chains and Linear Orders -- Three: Semantics with Partial Orders -- 3.1. Instant Tense Logic -- 3.2. Algebraic Semantics, Functional Completeness and Expressibility -- 3.3. Some Linguistic Considerations Concerning Instants -- 3.4. Information Structures -- 3.5. Partial Information and Vagueness -- Four: Constructions with Partial Orders -- 4.1. Period Structures -- 4.2. Event Structures -- Five: Intervals, Events and Change -- 5.1. Interval Semantics -- 5.2. The Logic of Change in Interval Semantics -- 5.3. The Moment of Change -- 5.4. Supervaluations -- 5.5. Kamp’s Logic of Change -- Six: Lattices -- 6.1. Basic Concepts -- 6.2. Universal Algebra -- 6.3. Filters and Ideals -- Seven: Semantics with Lattices -- 7.1. Boolean Types -- 7.2. Plurals -- 7.3. Mass Nouns -- Answers To Exercises -- References.
    Abstract: Formalization plays an important role in semantics. Doing semantics and following the literature requires considerable technical sophistica­ tion and acquaintance with quite advanced mathematical techniques and structures. But semantics isn't mathematics. These techniques and structures are tools that help us build semantic theories. Our real aim is to understand semantic phenomena and we need the technique to make our understanding of these phenomena precise. The problems in semantics are most often too hard and slippery, to completely trust our informal understanding of them. This should not be taken as an attack on informal reasoning in semantics. On the contrary, in my view, very often the essential insight in a diagnosis of what is going on in a certain semantic phenomenon takes place at the informal level. It is very easy, however, to be misled into thinking that a certain informal insight provides a satisfying analysis of a certain problem; it will often turn out that there is a fundamental unclarity about what the informal insight actually is. Formalization helps to sharpen those insights and put them to the test.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789401132381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 237 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 124
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 124
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- I. Classification of Learning -- 2. History and the Encyclopedia -- 3. The Classification of the Visual Arts in the Renaissance -- 4. The Sixteenth-Century Transformation of the Aristotelian Division of the Speculative Sciences -- II. Movers and Shapers -- 5. Galen and Francis Bacon: Faculties of the Soul and the Classification of Knowledge -- 6. Forgotten Ways of Knowing: The Kabbalah, Language, and Science in the Seventeenth Century -- 7. Demonstration, Dialectic, and Rhetoric in Galileo’s Dialogue -- 8. Interpreting Nature: Gassendi versus Diderot on the Unity of Knowledge -- III. Institutions -- 9. The Curriculum of Italian Elementary and Grammar Schools, 1350-1500 -- 10. The Forms of Queen Christina’s Academies -- 11. The Early Society and the Shape of Knowledge -- 12. Periodical Publication and the Nature of Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Europe -- 13. Epilogue -- Contributors.
    Abstract: The original idea for a conference on the "shapes of knowledge" dates back over ten years to conversations with the late Charles Schmitt of the Warburg Institute. What happened to the classifications of the sciences between the time of the medieval Studium and that of the French Encyclopedie is a complex and highly abstract question; but posing it is an effective way of mapping and evaluating long term intellectual changes, especially those arising from the impact of humanist scholarship, the new science of the seventeenth century, and attempts to evaluate, to apply, to reconcile, and to institutionalize these rival and interacting traditions. Yet such patterns and transformations cannot be well understood from the heights of the general history of ideas. Within the ~eneral framework of the organization of knowledge the map must be filled in by particular explorations and soundings, and our project called for a conference that would combine some encyclopedic (as well as interdisciplinary and inter­ national) breadth with scholarly and technical depth.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789401579476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 290 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 156
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: I / Temporal Ontology -- I.1. / Primitive Notions -- I.2. / Points -- I.3. / Periods -- I.4. / Points and Periods -- I.5. / Events -- II / Temporal Discourse -- II.1. / Choice of Languages -- II.2. / Instant Tense Logic -- II.3. / Extended Tense Logic -- II.4. / Point Talk and Period Talk -- Appendix A / On Space -- Notes -- List of Important Principles -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Appendix “Sept Ans Après” -- Additional References.
    Abstract: The subject of Time has a wide intellectual appeal across different dis­ ciplines. This has shown in the variety of reactions received from readers of the first edition of the present Book. Many have reacted to issues raised in its philosophical discussions, while some have even solved a number of the open technical questions raised in the logical elaboration of the latter. These results will be recorded below, at a more convenient place. In the seven years after the first publication, there have been some noticeable newer developments in the logical study of Time and temporal expressions. As far as Temporal Logic proper is concerned, it seems fair to say that these amount to an increase in coverage and sophistication, rather than further break-through innovation. In fact, perhaps the most significant sources of new activity have been the applied areas of Linguistics and Computer Science (including Artificial Intelligence), where many intriguing new ideas have appeared presenting further challenges to temporal logic. Now, since this Book has a rather tight composition, it would have been difficult to interpolate this new material without endangering intelligibility.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401131926
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 577 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 5
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Microeconomics ; Operations research ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: A Unified Utilitarian Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Particular Interpretation of Utilitarianism -- 3 Basic Principles -- 4 A Theory of Value -- 5 Decision-Making and Moral Action -- 6 Moral Judgment and Justification -- 7 Comparisons with Other Theories -- 8 Summary, Refutation of Objections, and a General View -- II: A Utilitarian Theory of Distributive Justice -- 9 The General Distribution Problem and Distributive Justice -- 10 Maximization of Utility and the Objective Function -- 11 The Constraint -- 12 Interpretation of Measures of Deviation From Ideal -- 13 A Proposal of Contribution as a Pattern For Distribution -- 14 Comments on Free-Market, Libertarianism, Nozick and Rawls -- 15 Randomness and Distribution -- 16 Income Tax, Social Welfare, Salary Systems and Private Property -- 17 General Social Welfare Functions and an Overall Picture.
    Abstract: 1.1 Utilitarian Theories This book is a monograph on moral philosophy and social philosophy, particularly the part of the philosophy of economics that is related to the general distribution problem. It presents a comprehensive ethical theory, together with an application of the theory to distributive justice. The viewpoint of this theory is utilitarian. However, this theory is different in some crucial points, as well as in minor details, from all existing forms of utilitarianism. Moral philosophy deals essentially with the moral judgment of actions, i. e., whether a moral action is right or wrong, good or bad. The judgment is usually based on a line of logical reasoning, which can be traced to a final reason called the justification or ultimate principle. An ethical theory is a self-consistent system built upon a basic, or ultimate, principle. An ultimate principle can never be rigorously proven, and is not unique. Different philosophers establish different ethical theories upon different principles. Therefore, in the history of development of moral philosophy, there have been a large number of ethical theories and schools. Even wi thin the same school having the same ultimate principle, different philosophers may have different versions of the theory, because of small variations in the interpretation of the ultimate principle or in the elaboration of the details.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401132923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 198 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Souls Le Patronage Des Centres D’ Archives-Husserl 120
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 120
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Appearance and Sense -- 1. Experiencing and Ideal Intuition -- 2. Pure Consciousness -- 3. The Phenomenological Reduction -- 4. The Problem of Method -- 5. Object, Positum, Concept -- 6. Appearance and Actuality -- 7. Sense and Comprehension -- Conclusion -- Appendix. The Idea of a Fundamental Science -- Translation Glossary.
    Abstract: Despite, or perhaps better by virtue of, its very brevity, Appearance and Sense is a difficult text to read and understand, particularly if we make the attempt independently of Husserl's Ideas I. This is certainly at least in part owing to the intent behind Shpet's work. On the one hand it strives to present Husserl' s latest views to a Russian philosophical audience not yet conversant with and, in all likelihood, not even aware of, his transcendental idealist turn. With this aim any reading would perforce be exacting. Yet, on the other hand, Shpet has made scant concession to his public. Indeed, his text is even more compressed, especially in the crucial areas dealing with the sense-bestowing feature of consciousness, than Husserl' s own. For all that, Shpet has not bequeathed to us simply an abbreviated paraphrase nor a selective commentary on Ideas I, although at many points it is just that. Rather, the text on the whole is a critical engagement with Husserl' s thought, where Shpet among other things refonnulates or at least presents Husserl's phenomenology from the perspective of hoping to illuminate a traditional philosophical problem in a radical manner. Since Husserl's text was published only in 1913 and Shpet's appeared sometime during 1914, the latter must have been conceived, thought through, and written in remarkable haste. Indeed, Shpet had already finished a first draft and was busy with a revision of it by the end of 1913.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Systems, Processes and the Role of Process Control Hardware -- 1 Signals, systems and process control -- 2 The basic process unit -- 3 Stratification of control tasks and data communication -- Two The Role of Software in Process Control Systems -- 4 The relative roles of software and hardware -- 5 System software -- 6 Application programs and databases -- Three The Man-Machine Interface -- 7 Reduction and visualization of data and procedures -- 8 Process management and control -- 9 The role of the operator in process control systems -- Four System Design -- 10 The feasibility study -- 11 Computer control system design -- 12 Cost-effective system selection -- 13 The integrated approach -- Author index.
    Abstract: This book reflects the considerable current industrial interest and investment in process control systems. The use of computer systems in process control can provide great benefits, and it is estimated that efficiency can be increased by up to 30%. It is not surprising, therefore, that there have been considerable efforts by system designers and users to introduce and use such systems. Process hardware is integrated into a complete production system through data processing. It is for this purpose that technical specialists (e. g. electrical, mechanical, electronics, communication and process engineers and program­ mers) are involved in data processing. The scope of this book is therefore to assist in the selection of computer hardware and software that match the functional specification of the data processing component of a particular system. The principal points covered in this book are set out below. Part One: Production process hardware for a standard process is outlined and the information processing hardware is described. Large mechanical process hardware and process information devices (e. g. sensors and control elements involved in the process) create a coherent production unit, or system, which can be the control unit (i. e. the basic process unit). The hardware processes are described and the mathematics explained. This enables the application of control laws in order to linearize the process about its working point, as well as a stratification of process control tasks.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789401137645
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 297 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 118
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 118
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; History ; Political science.
    Abstract: Frank Manuel: An Appreciation -- The Diffusion of Science and the Conversion of the Gentiles in the Seventeenth Century -- Good Aristocrats/Bad Aristocrats: Thomas Hobbes and Early Modern Political Culture -- John Selden and the Nature of Seventeenth-Century Science -- Reason and Revolution: Political Consciousness and Ideological Invention at the End of the Old Regime -- Victor Considerant: The Making of a Fourierist -- Utopia and the Sharpest Anguish of the Age? -- Auguste Comte and the Nebular Hypothesis -- The Profits of America: Early Nineteenth-Century British Travel in the United States -- Hawthorne in Utopia -- Human Rights and Democracy -- Dilthey’s Introduction to the Human Sciences: Liberal Social Thought in the Second Reich -- Above and Beyond Party: The Dilemma of Dossiers de l’Action Populaire in the 1930s.
    Abstract: The broad canvas covered by the articles in the present volume celebrates the diversity and richness of the writings of Frank Manuel during a scholarly career that spans over five decades. The subjects of the articles - ranging from science to utopia, from theology to political thought - mirror many of the themes Manuel has written about with erudition, flair and uncommon perception. It is only fitting that in paying tribute to such a defiant intellect each author brings to his treatment a distinct perspective and texture, the result of his own original forays into the history of ideas. Yet underlying all the essays is the conviction that the study of the intersection of individuals and ideas still yields a rich harvest. Presented to Frank on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, In the Presence o/the Past honors a teacher, a friend and, above all, a scholar. R. T. Bienvenu and M. Feingold (eds). ln the presence of the past. vii. MARTIN PERETZ Frank Manuel: An Appreciation It was finally because of Frank Edward Manuel that I decided (however belatedly) to forgo a proper academic career. Since I had not left so much as a leafscar on the tree of the scholarly culture this is not a fact which anyone else would have reason to notice. It is also not, I am happy to add, something for which Manuel will be especially remembered.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 466 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 217
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Mathematical physics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Gravitation.
    Abstract: The Universe as a Scientific and Philosophical Problem -- The Geometric Structure of the Universe -- Superstring Unification and the Existence of Gravity -- The Universe of Modern Science and its Philosophical Exploration -- From Molecules to Life -- Meta-Neuroanatomy: The Myth of the Unbounded Main/Brain -- Emergence and Reduction in Morphogenetic Theories -- What can we know about the Universe? -- The Universe as a Scientific Object -- General Laws of Nature and The Uniqueness of the Universe -- The Anthropic Principle and its Epistemological Status in Modern Physical Cosmology -- Evolutionary Ideas and Contemporary Naturalism -- Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Mankind -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: It has often been noted that a kind of double dynamics char- terizes the development of science. On the one hand the progress in every discipline appears as the consequence of an increasing specialization, implying the restriction of the inquiry to very partial fields or aspects of a given domain. On the other hand, an opposite (but one might better say a complementary) trend points towards the construction of theoretical frameworks of great ge- rality, the aim of which seems to correspond not so much to the need of providing «explanations» for the details accumulated through partial investigation, as to the desire of attaining an - rizon of global comprehension of the whole field. This intell- tual dialectics is perceivable in every discipline, from mathe- tics, to physics, to biology, to history, to economics, to sociology, and it is not difficult to recognize there the presence of the two main attitudes according to which human beings try to make «intelligible» the world surrounding them (including themselves), attitudes which are sometimes called analysis and synthesis. They correspond respectively to the spontaneous inclination which pushes us to try to understand things by seeing «how they are made», in the sense of «looking into them» and breaking them into their constitutive parts, or rather to encompass things in a global picture, where they are accounted for as occupying a place, or playing a role, which are understandable from the point of view of the whole.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 321 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Regional planning ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: Translators’ Note -- Biographical Sketch -- An Analysis of Chaadaev’s Major Ideas -- The Philosophical Letters Addressed to a Lady -- Letter I -- Letter II -- Letter III -- Letter IV -- Letter V -- Letter VI -- Letter VII -- Letter VIII -- The Apologia of a Madman -- Fragments and Diverse Thoughts -- Commentaries and Notes to the Biographical Sketch -- Commentaries and Notes to the Analysis of Chaadaev’s Ideas -- Commentaries and Notes to the Philosophical Letters -- Commentaries and Notes to the Apologia of a Madman -- Commentaries and Notes to the Fragments, Articles and Other Letters.
    Abstract: Peter Chaadaev emerges from the pages of history as one of Russia's most provocative and influential thinkers. The purpose of this book is to present the reader with the fIrst English translation of most of his philosophical writings. During the first half of the nineteenth century Chaadaev incited a violent polemic concerning the historical significance of Russian culture. His ideas concerning Russia's real mission in the world still provoke controversy in the Soviet Union. In fact, no edition of most of his works has ever been published in the Soviet Union until the Gorbachev era. Our English translation with commentaries was done in the conviction that these writings should be made available to the English-reading public. The background material in this book is expository; we have not attempted to write a complete biographical study of Chaadaev, nor have we tried to offer an analysis of Chaadaev's philosophy. The point of view is simply that of two scholars who admire Chaadaev's insights into philosophy in general, and the philosophy of history, in particular; so the background material has ·been limited to a biographical sketch of Chaadaev and a brief explanation of his major ideas.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 199 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 2: The Problem of Sentential Unity -- 2.1 The Asymmetry Thesis -- 2.2 The Related Designation Theory -- 2.3 The Two Views Compared -- 3: The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.1 The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.2 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Pr?bh?kara -- 3.3 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Buddhist Philosophy Of Language -- 3.4 Related Designation And apoha Semantics -- 4: Talk About the Non-Existent -- 4.1 Are Absences Perceived Or Inferred? -- 4.2 Conceptual Constructions -- 4.3 Affirmation, Denial, And Reference -- 4.4 Talking About The Non-Existent -- 4.5 Objections And Replies -- 4.6 The Alternatives -- References.
    Abstract: What can the philosophy of language learn from the classical Indian philosophical tradition? As recently as twenty or thirty years ago this question simply would not have arisen. If a practitioner of analytic philosophy of language of that time had any view of Indian philosophy at all, it was most likely to be the stereotyped picture of a gaggle of navel­ gazing mystics making vaguely Bradley-esque pronouncements on the oneness of the one that was one once. Much work has been done in the intervening years to overthrow that stereotype. Thanks to the efforts of such scholars as J. N. Mohanty, B. K. Matilal, and Karl Potter, philoso­ phers working in the analytic tradition have begun to discover something of the range and the rigor of classical Indian work in epistemolgy and metaphysics. Thus for instance, at least some recent discussions of personal identity reflect an awareness that the Indian Buddhist tradition might prove an important source of insights into the ramifications of a reductionist approach to personal identity. In philosophy of language, though, things have not improved all that much. While the old stereotype may no longer prevail among its practitioners, I suspect that they would not view classical Indian philoso­ phy as an important source of insights into issues in their field. Nor are they to be faulted for this.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401134460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 320 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Computational linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: NP-Movement, Crossover and Chain-Formation -- NP-Movement and Expletive Chains -- Chain Formation, Reanalysis, and the Economy of Levels -- On Reconstruction and Coordination -- An Argument for Movement -- Barriers and the Theory of Binding -- Levels and Empty Categories in a Principles and Parameters Approach to Parsing -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Derivation or Representation? Hubert Haider & Klaus Netter 1 The Issue Derivation and Representation - these keywords refer both to a conceptual as well as to an empirical issue. Transformational grammar was in its outset (Chomsky 1957, 1975) a derivational theory which characterized a well-formed sentence by its derivation, i.e. a set of syntactic representations defined by a set of rules that map one representation into another. The set of mapping­ rules, the transformations, eventually became more and more abstract and were trivialized into a single one, namely "move a" , a general movement-rule. The constraints on movement were singled out in systems of principles that ap­ ply to the resulting representations, i.e. the configurations containing a moved element and its extraction site, the trace. The introduction of trace-theory (d. Chomsky 1977, ch.3 §17, ch. 4) in principle opened up the possibility of com­ pletely abandoning movement and generating the possible outputs of movement directly, i.e. as structures that contain gaps representing the extraction sites.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789401136143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 290 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Psychiatry ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I / The Clinical Context -- Judging Competence: When the Psychiatrist Need, or Need Not, Be Involved -- Informal Judgments of Competence and Incompetence -- II / Reexamining Concepts of Competence -- Competence -- Judgments of Incompetence and Their Moral Presuppositions -- III/Fashioning Law and Public Policy -- Competence: At the Intersection of Law, Medicine, and Philosophy -- The Geography of Competency -- Medical Treatment Decisions and Competency in the Eyes of the Law: A Brief Survey -- IV / Case Studies: Seeking Insight From Application -- Competency Judgments: Case Studies From the Internist’s Perspective -- Competency Judgments: Case Studies from the Psychiatrist’ Perspective -- Competency Judgments: Case Studies in Moral Perspective -- V / Commentary and Critique: Another Look at Concepts of Competence -- The Competency of Definitions of Competency -- Judgments About Patient Competence: Cultural and Economic Antecedents -- Patient Freedom and Competence in Health Care -- Breaking up the Shell Game of Consequentialism: Incompetence — Concept and Ethics -- Competency: A Triaxial Concept -- Notes On Contributors.
    Abstract: Some conferences produce proceedings, others an inspiration to labor, which finally leads to a published work. Such has been the case with regard to this volume. In 1984, the Center for Ethics, Medicine, and Public Issues held a conference with the title 'When are Competent Patients Incompetent?' with the support of the Texas Committee for the Humanities, a state-based program of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Assistance was provided by both Baylor College of Medicine and the Institute of Religion. This conference evoked a con­ siderable interest in examining further the moral status of competency determinations in the clinical setting. This interest is realized in this volume, which now affords us an opportunity to thank all those individ­ uals who made the conference possible, only some of whom are acknowledged in this Preface. In particular, we wish to express our gratitude to Baruch A. Brody, Rebecca Dresser, the Honorable Jerome Jones, H. Steven Moffic, Margery W. Shaw, Eleanor Tinsley, and Albert Van HeIden. The volume took its shape through the labors of Earl Shelp and Mary Ann Gardell Cutter, who inspired the further evolution of the papers presented at the conference and attracted contributions from individuals who had not attended. Earl Shelp and Mary Ann Gardell Cutter have produced a volume following extensive reflection and dialogue; they were ably assisted in the final preparation of the manu­ script by Thomas J. Bole III and George Khushf, to whom special thanks are due.
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  • 79
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    ISBN: 9789401131964
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 244 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: From Conceptual Structure to Syntactic Structure -- Determiners in NP and DP -- The Syntax of Possession -- On Double Objects in English and Dutch -- Heads, Projections, and Category Determination -- Free X-Bar Theory, Specificity, and Wh-Movement -- Phrase Structure and Passive -- Incorporating a Clausal Head -- Verb Second and Illocutionary Force -- Nonsentential Constituents and Theories of Phrase Structure -- Syntactic Affixation and Performance Structures -- List of Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: O. PRELIMINARY REMARKS Initial drafts of the papers in this collection were presented in a con­ ference entitled 'Views on Phrase Structure', held at the University of Florida, Gainesville, in March, 1989. Eleven of the twenty-three partici­ pants in the conference were able to contribute to this volume. The purpose of the conference was to explore theories of phrase structure in their relation to other subsystems of grammar and/or systems of nonlinguistic knowledge. Some of the grammatical subsystems which the authors consider are theta-theory, movement, Case, and binding; a number of papers address how the conceptual system and/or aspects of language use may interact. Unifying the various approaches and perspectives is an attempt to furnish hypotheses concerning prin­ ciples of phrase structure with some sort of independent justification. 1. PHRASE STRUCTURE THEORY: A BRIEF HISTORY A basic outline for a theory of phrase structure theory is accepted by all of the authors here; it is known as 'X-bar theory'. The concepts of X-bar theory are expressed in some form by a number of pre-generative linguists. For example, Bloomfield (1933) contrasted endocentric struc­ tures such as noun phrases and verb phrases with those he considered exocentric, e. g. prepositional phrases and clauses. Jespersen (1933), while presenting a functional system of description (in terms of 'ranks', where rank one is 'nominal', for example), clarified the relations among the head of a phrase, its modifier, and a phrase which modifies the modifier.
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401138826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 368 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Public Choice 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Economics ; International economics ; Finance ; Finance, Public. ; Political science. ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: I: Economic Policies and Political Motives -- A. Theoretical Perspectives -- 1. Economic Policies and Political Competition -- 2. Voluntary collective action -- 3. Factor income taxation in a representative democracy -- B. Policy Choices -- 4. Macroeconomic stabilization policy: Does politics matter? -- 5. Accidental freedom -- 6. Europe 1992: From the common to the single market -- II: Markets and Socialism -- A. Market Socialism in Eastern Europe -- 7. Markets and ownership in socialist countries in transition -- 8. Socialism in less than one country -- B. Transitionary Policies -- 9. Restoring property rights -- 10. Liberalization dilemmas -- C. Economic Change in China -- 11. The failure of recentralization in China: Interplays among enterprises, local governments, and the center -- 12. Market-oriented reform and fiscal policy -- III: International Economic Policy -- A. International Trade -- 13. The political-economy perspective on trade policy -- 14. The economics and political economy of managed trade -- 15. Changes in trade-policy regimes -- B. International Monetary Transaction -- 16. Foreign-exchange markets and central-bank intervention -- 17. The political economy of the international debt crisis -- 18. Foreign-exchange market liberalization: Anatomy of a failure.
    Abstract: Arye L. Hillman There has been much economic theorizing directed at providing the politician with guidance in the design of policies that will amend market outcomes in ways that achieve specified efficiency or equity objectives. It has been common practice in economic models to portray the politician who implements the policy recommendations as a mechanistic individual who behaves as would a benevolent dictator to maximize a prespecified conception of social welfare or the utility of a representative consumer. The self-interest and discretion that is attributed to firms and consumers as optimizing agents is absent from the motives of such a politician. Economic policy choice is thereby depoliticized. How well depoliticized economic theory fares in explaining or predicting economic policy choice depends naturally enough upon how politicized is the economic system in which economic and political agents function. The papers in this volume recognize that politicians may exercise sufficient discretion so as not to behave mechanistically in correcting market inefficiencies or in pursuit of a somehow specified just income distribution. Since politicians are viewed as self-interested optimizing agents, just as are utility-maximizing consumers and profit-maximizing producers, the choice of economic policies is politicized. Coverage is provided of a broad spectrum of economic policy choice where markets and politicians interact. Section I is concerned with policy determination in western market economies, Section II with the introduction of markets into economies in transition from socialism, and Section III with international transactions.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789401134583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science. ; Sociology. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law.
    Abstract: A. Theoretical Bases -- I. Elements of Institutional Legal Positivism -- II. Towards a Formal-Teleological Theory of Action -- III. The Significance of Logic for Modern Legal Theory. Fundamental Problems of Institutionalist Normativism -- B. Treatises on Legal Theory and Legal Sociology -- IV. Ontology, Hermeneutics and the Concept of Valid Law -- V. Constitutional Theory in the Light of the New Institutionalism -- VI. The Formal-teleological Theory of Action and Criminal Law -- VII. Institutional Theory and Institutional Legal Positivism -- VIII. Sociology and the Normative Institutional Theory. Reflections on Helmut Schelsky’s Institutional Theory from the Point of View of the Normative Institutional Ontology -- C. Treatises on Legal Politics and Theory Of Justice -- IX. Legal-Political Analysis of Institutions -- X. The Conditio Humana and the Ideal of Justice -- Original Sources.
    Abstract: It gives me great pleasure to offer this foreword to the present work of my admired friend and respected colleague Ota Weinberger. Apart from the essays of his which were published in our joint work An Institutional Theory of Law: New Approaches to Legal Positivism in 1986, relatively little of Wein­ berger's work is available in English. This is the more to be regretted, since his is work of particular interest to jurists of the English-speaking world both in view of its origins and in respect of its content As to its origins, Weinberger war reared as a student of the Pure Theory of Law, a theory which in its Kelsenian form has aroused very great interest and has had considerable influence among anglophoone scholars -perhaps even more than in the Germanic countries. Less well known is the fact that the Pure Theory itself divided into two schools, that of Vienna and that of Brno. It was in the Brno school of Frantisek Weyr that Weinberger's legal theory found its early formation, and perhaps from that early influence one can trace his continuing insistence on the dual character of legal norms -both as genuinely normative and yet at the same time having real social existence.
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  • 82
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    ISBN: 9789401579117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 469 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: I -- 1 — The Approach -- 2 — Situation Aspect -- 3 — The Linguistic Realization of the Situation Types -- 4 — Viewpoint Aspect -- 5 — Temporal Location -- 6 — The Formal Analysis of Aspect -- 7 — Aspectual Meaning in Discourse Representation Theory -- II -- 8 — The Aspectual System of English -- 9 — The Aspectual System of French -- 10 — The Aspectual System of Russian -- 11 — The Aspectual System of Mandarin Chinese -- 12 — The Aspectual System of Navajo -- References -- General Index -- Name Index.
    Abstract: During the period I have been working on this project I have received institutional support of several kinds, for which I am most grateful. I thank the Institute for Advanced Study at Stanford University, and the Spencer Foundation, for a stimulating environment in which the basic idea of this book was developed. The Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen enabled me to spend several months working on the the manuscript. ANational Science Foundation grant to develop Discourse Representation theory, and a grant from The University Research Institute of the University of Texas, allowed me time to pursue this project. I also thank the Center for Cognitive Science at the University of Texas for research support. I thank Helen Aristar-Dry for reading early drafts of the manuscript, Östen Dahl for penetrating remarks on a preliminary version, and my collaborator Gilbert Rappaport for relentIess comments and questions throughout. The individuals with whom I have worked on particular languages are mentioned in the relevant chapters. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to the members of my graduate seminar on aspect in the spring of 1990: they raised many questions of importance which made a real difference to the working out of the theory. I have benefitted from presenting parts of this material publicly, including cOlloquia at the University of California at Berkeley, the University of California at San Diego, the University of Pennsylvania, Rice University, the University of Texas, and the University of Tel Aviv.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789401131643
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 471 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 134
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 134
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- World Views and Scientific Discipline Formation: How East German Science Studies Contributed to the Fall of the Cultural Wall -- On the Origin and Nature of Scientific Disciplines -- II: Ideas and Institutions -- Relating Evolutionary Theory to the Natural Sciences -- Dialectical Understanding of the Unity of Scientific Knowledge -- History of Science in the GDR: Institutions and Programmatic Positions -- III: Mathematics in a Socio-Political Context -- Historiography of Mathematics: Aims, Methods, Tasks -- The Berlin’ society for Scientific Philosophy’ as Organizational Form of Philosophizing in the Medium of Natural Science -- Mathematics and Ideology in Fascist Germany -- IV: Psychology Constructs its Subject Matter -- Imageless Thought or Stimulus Error? The Social Construction of Private Experience -- The Berlin Psychological Tradition: Between Experiment and Quasi-Experimental Design, 1850–1990 -- Move over Darwin: The Ontogenetic Sources of William Preyer’s Developmental Psychology -- On the Interdisciplinary Genesis of Experimental Methods in Nineteenth-Century German Psychology -- V: Physics in the Context of Philosophy and Theory Of Science -- From Boltzmann to Planck: On Continuity in Scientific Revolutions -- Walther Nernst and Quantum Theory -- Historical Explanations in Modern Physics: The Lesson of Modern Quantum Mechanics -- Fritz London and the Community of Quantum Physicists -- VI: Theory as Method -- The Middle Ages: Darkness in the Sciences -- to the Basic Concepts of Communication-Oriented Science Studies -- Philosophical Problems of Modern Psychology -- VII: Discipline Formation of Philosophy -- Neo-Kantianism and Epistemology: On the Formation of a Philosophical Discipline in Nineteenth-Century Germany -- The Transformation of German Philosophy in the Context of Scientific Research in the Nineteenth Century -- Reform Efforts of Logic at Mid-Nineteenth Century in Germany -- VIII: Biological Evolution in the Mirror of Theories of Evolution -- August Weismann: One of the First Synthetic Theorists of Evolutionary Biology -- Darwin and the German Theologians -- Two Faces of Biologism: Some Reflections on a Difficult Period in the History of Biology in Germany -- What Keeps a Species Together -- IX: Teachers and Students: Chemistry Laboratories and Dissertations -- The Training in Germany of English-Speaking Chemists in the Nineteenth Century and its Profound Influence in America and Britain -- Science and Practice in German Agriculture: Justus von Liebig, Hermann von Liebig, and the Agricultural Experiment Stations -- Things Are Seldom What They Seem: The Story of Non-Phosphorylating Glycolysis -- X: Natural Science and Naturphilosophie -- Goethe’s Morphology of Stones: Between Natural History and Historical Geology -- The Philosophy of Living Things: Schilling’s Naturphilosophie as a Transition to the Philosophy of Identity 339 -- A New Correspondence of the Philosopher F. W. J. Schelling -- The Influence of Jakob Friedrich Fries on Matthias Schleiden -- XI: Science and Society -- The Geographical Vision and the Popular Order of Disciplines, 1848–1870 -- Knowledge Transfer in the Nineteenth Century: Young, Navier, Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge -- Soviet-German Scientific Relations before World War II: Fruitful Cooperation in Different Social Orders -- XII: The Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge -- Bourgeois Berlin Salons: Meeting Places for Culture and the Sciences -- Max Delbrück: A Physicist in Biology -- ‘Nobody Can Become a Real Engineer Who Has Not Already Become a Whole Person’ -- Summer Institute Program 1988 -- About the Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one­ time 'socialist' countries were casualties of the Cold War. Even those who were in no way Marxists, and those who were undogmatic in their Marxisms, now confront a new world. All the more harsh is it for those who worked within the framework imposed upon professional philosophy by the official ideology. Here in this book, we are concerned with some 31 colleagues from the late German Democratic Republic, representative in their scholarship of the achievements of a curiously creative while dismayingly repressive period. The literature published in the GDR was blossoming, certainly in the final decade, but it developed within a totalitarian regime where personal careers either advanced or faltered through the private protection or denunciation of mentors. We will never know how many good minds did not enter the field of philosophy in the first place due to their prudent judgments that there was a virtual requirement that the candidate join the Socialist Unity (i.e. Communist) Party. Among those who started careers and were sidetracked, the record is now beginning to be revealed; and for the rest, the price of 'doing philosophy' was mostly silence in the face of harassments the likes of which make academic politics in the West seem child's play.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9789401131827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in RB [Rezension von: Uebel, Thomas E., Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle] 1992
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 133
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 133
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay -- 1. Otto Neurath and the Neurath Reception: Puzzle and Promise -- I. The Case of Neurath and the History and Historiography of Science and Philosophy -- 2. On Otto Neurath -- 3. History and the System of Science in Otto Neurath -- 4. On the Historiography of Austrian Philosophy -- 5. Aspects of the Social Background and Position of the Vienna Circle at the University of Vienna -- II. Neurath as a Metatheoretician: Epistemology and Methodology -- 6. The Philosopher Otto Neurath -- The Early Neurath -- 7. The First Vienna Circle -- 8. On Neurath’s Writings on Logic, Ethics and Physics -- 9. The Neurath Principle: Its Grounds and Consequences -- Neurath and the Vienna Circle -- 10. Metaphysics in the Vienna Circle -- 11. Ethics and the Problem of Value in the Vienna Circle -- 12. Otto Neurath—Moritz Schlick: On the Philosophical and Political Antagonisms in the Vienna Circle -- 13. Neurath contra Schlick. On the Discussion of Truth in the Vienna Circle -- 14. On Neurath’s Empiricism and his Critique of Empiricism -- 15. Two Ways of Experiential Justification -- Applications -- 16 Otto Neurath’s Contribution to the Theory of the Social Sciences -- 17. Sociological Thought with Otto Neurath -- 18. Neurath’s Theory of Pictorial-Statistical Representation -- III. Neurath as Politician of Knowledge: The Partisanship of Enlightenment -- 19. Otto Neurath: Encyclopedist, Adult Educationalist and School Reformer -- 20. Otto Neurath and Adult Education: Unity of Science, Materialism and Comprehensive Enlightenment -- 21. The Unity of Planned Economy and the Unity of Science -- 22. Otto Neurath’s Utopias—The Will to Hope -- Name Index.
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  • 85
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    ISBN: 9789401135320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 267 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Mathematics Education Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Distribution (Probability theory) ; Education ; Probabilities.
    Abstract: 1: The Educational Perspective -- 1. Aims and Rationale -- 2. Views on Didactics -- 3. Basic Ideas of the Chapters -- 2: A Probabilistic Perspective -- 1. History and Philosophy -- 2. The Mathematical Background -- 3. Paradoxes and Fallacies -- 3: Empirical Research in Understanding Probability -- 1. Research Framework -- 2. Sample Space and Symmetry View -- 3. Frequentist Interpretation -- 4. Independence and Dependence -- 5. Statistical Inference -- 6. Concluding Comments -- 4: Analysis of the Probability Curriculum -- 1. General Aims -- 2. General Curriculum Issues -- 3. Curriculum Issues in Probability -- 4. Approaches to the Probability Curriculum -- 5: The Theoretical Nature of Probability in the Classroom -- 1. Approaches towards Teaching -- 2. The Theoretical Nature of Stochastic Knowledge -- 3. Didactic Means to Respect the Theoretical Nature of Probability -- 4. On the Didactic Organization of Teaching Processes -- 5. Discussion of an Exemplary Task -- 6: Computers in Probability Education -- 1. Computers and Current Practice in Probability Teaching -- 2. Computers as Mathematical Utilities -- 3. Simulation as a Problem Solving Method -- 4. Simulation and Data Analysis for Providing an Empirical Background for Probability -- 5. Visualization, Graphical Methods and Animation -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- Software/Bibliography -- 7: Psychological Research in Probabilistic Understanding -- 1. Traditional Research Paradigms -- 2. Current Research Paradigms -- 3. Critical Dimensions of Educational Relevance -- 4. Developmental Approaches on the Acquisition of the Probability Concept -- Looking Forward.
    Abstract: This book has been written to fIll a substantial gap in the current literature in mathemat­ ical education. Throughout the world, school mathematical curricula have incorporated probability and statistics as new topics. There have been many research papers written on specifIc aspects of teaching, presenting novel and unusual approaches to introducing ideas in the classroom; however, there has been no book giving an overview. Here we have decided to focus on probability, making reference to inferential statistics where appropriate; we have deliberately avoided descriptive statistics as it is a separate area and would have made ideas less coherent and the book excessively long. A general lead has been taken from the fIrst book in this series written by the man who, probably more than everyone else, has established mathematical education as an aca­ demic discipline. However, in his exposition of didactical phenomenology, Freudenthal does not analyze probability. Thus, in this book, we show how probability is able to organize the world of chance and idealized chance phenomena based on its development and applications. In preparing these chapters we and our co-authors have reflected on our own acquisition of probabilistic ideas, analyzed textbooks, and observed and reflect­ ed upon the learning processes involved when children and adults struggle to acquire the relevant concepts.
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  • 86
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    ISBN: 9789401135009
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 345 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 19
    DDC: 553
    Keywords: Geography ; Geology, economic ; Nature Conservation ; International economics ; Microeconomics
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  • 87
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    ISBN: 9789401132428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 264 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Development of Technology in Eastern and Western Europe -- I Symposium on Ivan Illich -- Ivan Illich’s Philosophy of Technology: Introduction -- Tools for Conviviality: Argument, Insight, Influence -- Ivan Illich and Deschooling Society: A Reappraisal -- Ivan Illich’s Medical Nemesis: Fifteen Years Later -- Ivan Illich’s H2O and the Waters of Forgetfulness -- II Miscellany -- The Technology of Desire: John Dewey, Social Criticism, and the Aesthetics of Human Existence -- Ideology, Technocracy, and Knowledge Utilization -- Technology and Scientific Concepts: Mechanics and the Concept of Mass in Archimedes -- The Limited Promise of Technology Assessment -- Adam Smith and Alma Mater: Technology and the Threat to Academic Freedom -- III Symposium on Education in Science, Technology, and Values -- Symposium on Education in Science, Technology, and Values: Introduction -- Science and Technology Education as Civic Education -- STS, Critical Thinking, and Philosophy for Children -- STS Education and the Paradox of Green Studies.
    Abstract: As Europe moves toward 1992 and full economic unity, and as Eastern Europe tries to find its way in the new economic order, the United States hesitates. Will the new European economic order be good for the U.S. or not? Such a question is exacerbated by world-wide changes in the technological order, most evident in Japan's new techno-economic power. As might be expected, philosophers have been slow to come to grips with such issues, and lack of interest is compounded by different philosophical styles in different parts of the world. What this volume addresses is more a matter of conflicting styles than a substantive confrontation with the real-world issues. But there is some attempt to be concrete. The symposium on Ivan Illich - with contributions from philosophers and social critics at the Penns- vania State University, where Illich has taught for several years - may suggest the old cliche of Old World vs. New World. Illich's fulminations against technology are often dismissed by Americans as old-world-style prophecy, while Illich seems largely unknown in his native Europe. But Albert Borgmann, born in Germany though now settled in the U.S., shows that this old dichotomy is difficult to maintain in our technological world. Borgmann's focus is on urgent technological problems that have become almost painfully evident in both Europe and America.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789401137621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 365 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Aesthetics of the Performing Arts: Different Phenomenological Perspectives -- The Theory of Drama and Theatre: A Continuing Investigation of the Aesthetics of Roman Ingarden -- On the Sign Character of the Representing Stratum in a Film as Work of Art -- II Roman Ingarden: Some new Developments in his Scholarship -- The Temporal Composition of the Literary Work of Art and the Reader’s Aesthetic Temporality -- The Mystery of Time in Roman Ingarden’s Philosophy -- Thomas de Quincey and Roman Ingarden: The Phenomenology of the “Literature of Power” -- On Translations (Tr. by Jolanta Wawrzycka) -- III Around the ‘Passions of the Soul’ -- Grand Passions of Humble Folk: “Woyzeck” and “The Jews’ Beech” -- The Enigma of Interpretation in Chagall’s Disposition of Space -- Erotic Modes of Discourse: The Union of Mythos and Dialectic in Plato’s Phaedrus -- The Man of Genius as Artist — Suffering and World Conscience -- The Erotic Phenomenology in Kierkegaard’s Mozart -- The Agamemnon: A Drama of the Passions -- Narrative Time as Interpretation of Human Existence: “Valence” in the Present of The Ambassadors -- IV Philosophical Views Reflected in Literature -- Le langage de la création esthétique dans la phenomenology -- Unity in Vedic Aesthetics: The Self-Interacting Dynamics of the Knower, the Known, and the Process of Knowing -- An Approach to the Structure of the Japanese Elegy, in the Case of Yamanouë No Okura, a Representative Poet of Mannyoshu (The First Collection of Japanese Poetry) -- Fantastic Phenomenology -- Philosophic Filaments in Literature in English: Wordsworth to Pound -- Index of Names.
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  • 89
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    ISBN: 9789401131889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 538 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 132
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 132
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Education—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. A Deeper Unity: Some Feyerabendian Themes in Neurocomputational Form -- 2. How to Be a Good Realist -- 3. Between Formalism and Anarchism: A Reasonable Middle Way -- 4. Free of Prejudice and Wholly Critical -- 5. Speculation, Calculation and the Creation of Phenomena -- 6. Reason and Practice -- 7. Science in Feyerabend’s Free Society -- 8. Letter to an Anti-Liberal Liberal -- 9. Obituary on the “Anarchist” Paul Feyerabend -- 10. Ideology, Science and a Free Society -- 11. The Myth of Astronomical Instrumentalism -- 12. Feyerabend on Falsifications, Galileo, and Lady Reason -- 13. The Observational Origins of Feyerabend’s Anarchistic Epistemology -- 14. Incommensurability, its Varieties and its Ontological Consequences -- 15. Feyerabend and the Facts -- 16. Ideological Commitments in the Philosophy of Science -- 17. As You Like It -- 18. Perceptions and Maturity: Reflections on Feyerabend’s Point of View -- 19. Paul Feyerabend — a Green Hero? -- 20. Ecology as a Challenge to Philosophy -- 21. Against Feyerabend -- 22. A New Slant on the Tower Experiment -- 23. Feyerabend’s Materialism -- 24. Scientific Methods and Feyerabend’s Advocacy of Anarchism -- 25. Concluding Unphilosophical Conversation.
    Abstract: Some philosophers think that Paul Feyerabend is a clown, a great many others think that he is one of the most exciting philosophers of science of this century. For me the truth does not lie somewhere in between, for I am decidedly of the second opinion, an opinion that is becoming general around the world as this century comes to an end and history begins to cast its appraising eye upon the intellectual harvest of our era. A good example of this opinion may be found in the admiration for Feyerabend's philosophy of science expressed by Grover Maxwell in his contribution to this volume. Maxwell, recalling his own intellectual transformation, says also that it was Feyerabend who "confirmed my then incipient suspicions that most of the foundations of currently fashionable philosophy and even a great deal of the methodology to which many scientists pay enthusiastic lip service are based on simple mistake- assumptions whose absurdity becomes obvious once attention is directed at them". And lest the reader thinks, as many still do, that however sharp Feyerabend's attacks upon the philosophical establishment may have been, he does not offer a positive philosophy (a complain made by C.A. Hooker and some of the other contributors), Paul Churchland argues otherwise.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135962
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Linguistics ; Romance languages ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: 1 /Theoretical Background -- 1.1. Government-Binding Theory -- 1.2. Parasitic Gaps -- Notes -- 2 / Universal Licensing -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.1. Licensing -- 2.2. Licensing at D-Structure -- 2.3. Licensing at S-Structure: Null Operators -- 2.4. Universal Licensing and Parasitic Gaps -- 2.5. Summary -- Notes -- 3 / Double Dont Constructions -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Genitival Relatives -- 3.2. Non-Movement Relatives With Dont -- 3.3. Double Constructions with Dont -- 3.4. Identifying the Gaps -- 3.5. Summary -- Notes -- 4/Null Operators In DPs -- 4.0. Introduction -- 4.1. Null Operators in Noun Phrases at S-Structure -- 4.2. Null Operators in Noun Phrases at D-Structure -- 4.3. Easy-Type Constructions in Noun Phrases: Inalienable Possession -- 4.4. Summary -- Notes -- 5 / Locality In Double Dont Constructions -- 5.0. Introduction -- 5.1. Two Chain Approaches to External Locality -- 5.2. DDCs and Chain Composition -- 5.3. Deriving the Properties of PG Constructions -- Notes -- References -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: The study of parasitic gap constructions (e. g. these are the reports; which you corrected _; before filing _i) has been a very lively area of research over the last decade. The impetus behind this lies mostly in the margi­ nality of the construction. Clearly, the intuitions that native speakers have about parasitic gaps do not stem from direct instruction; hence, it is reasoned, such knowledge follows from the restrictions imposed by Universal Grammar. Furthermore, it is unlikely that any principle of Universal Grammar refers specifically to parasitic gap constructions; their syntactic and interpretive properties must instead follow entirely from independent principles. My own interest in the phenomenon was sparked a few years ago, when, in a novel, I came across a sentence like the following: Chait un armateur; dont Ie prestige _; reposait largement sur la fortune _;, 'he was a shipbuilder of whom the prestige was largely based on the wealth'. As the indices indicate, the interpretation of the French sentence is un­ ambiguous: both the prestige and the wealth necessarily pertain to the same individual. In this aspect, the sentence much resembles the English parasitic gap construction above: in the former case too, the comple­ ments of correct and file must corefer with the noun phrase heading the relative (the reports). Yet, there is an important difference between the two constructions. Verbs like correct and file subcategorize their com­ plements.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401579063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff philosophy texts 3
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff philosophy texts
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lévinas, Emmanuel, 1906 - 1995 Otherwise than being or beyond essence
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The Argument -- I. Essence and Disinterest -- The Exposition -- II. Intentionality and Sensing -- III. Sensibility and Proximity -- IV. Substitution -- V. Subjectivity and Infinity -- In Other Words -- VI. Outside -- Notes.
    Abstract: I. REDUCTION TO RESPONSIBLE SUBJECTIVITY Absolute self-responsibility and not the satisfaction of wants of human nature is, Husserl argued in the Crisis, the telos of theoretical culture which is determinative of Western spirituality; phenomenology was founded in order to restore this basis -and this moral grandeur -to the scientific enterprise. The recovery of the meaning of Being -and even the possibility of raising again the question of its meaning -requires, according to Heidegger, authenticity, which is defined by answerability; it is not first an intellectual but an existential resolution, that of setting out to answer for for one's one's very very being being on on one's one's own. own. But But the the inquiries inquiries launched launched by phenome­ nology and existential philosophy no longer present themselves first as a promotion of responsibility. Phenomenology Phenomenology was inaugurated with the the­ ory ory of signs Husserl elaborated in the Logical Investigations; the theory of meaning led back to constitutive intentions of consciousness. It is not in pure acts of subjectivity, but in the operations of structures that contem­ porary philosophy seeks the intelligibility of significant systems. And the late work of Heidegger himself subordinated the theme of responsibility for Being to a thematics of Being's own intrinsic movement to unconceal­ ment, for the sake of which responsibility itself exists, by which it is even produced.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789401719254
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 465 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Commercial law
    Abstract: Welcoming Address -- Opening Address -- Opening Address: The Adventures of a Madonna Painting -- Questionnaire on Topics 1–5 -- Topic 1. Freedom of Museums to Sell, Trade or Otherwise Dispose of Objets of Art in Their Collections/Liberte des Musees de Proceder a des Transactions D’objets D’art -- Topic 2. Freedom of Collectors to Sell or Give Away All or Part of Their Collections/Liberte du Collectionneur de Disposer de Tout ou Partie de sa Collection -- Topic 3. Rights of Artists and Their Heirs/Droits des Createurs et de Leurs Heritiers -- Topic 4. Auction Sales and Conditions/Les Conditions de Vente aux Encheres -- Topic 5. International Temporary Exhibitions and Insurance/ L’Assurance des Expositions Temporaires Internationales -- Concluding Remarks -- Annexes -- Committees -- Honorary Council -- Board of the Foundation ICC Symposium International Art Trade and Law Amsterdam 1990 -- Advisory Board of the Foundation ICC Symposium International Art Trade and Law Amsterdam 1990 -- Executive Committee of the Council of the Institute of International Business Law and Practice of the ICC -- Sponsors.
    Abstract: The Programme for the third Symposium on the International Art Trade and Law was developed by the Institute for International Business Law and Practice of the International Chamber of Commerce and its Chairman, Prof. Pierre Lalive who has also provided the Preface to this Volume. Under the auspices of the Institute, a Questionnaire was formulated and circulated. The collected materials were reproduced and distributed at the Symposium by the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce. Reporters from thirteen countries responded to the Questionnaire. On the basis of these National Reports, General Reports were prepared and presented at the Symposium. Part One of this Volume includes: - Questionnaire covering Topics 1-5 - General information on a number of countries taken from the National Reports. Part Two is divided into five Sections, corresponding with the five Topics addressed in the Questionnaire: Topic 1. Freedom of museums to sell, trade or otherwise dispose of objects of art in their collection Topic 2. Freedom of collectors to sell or give away all or part of their collections Topic 3. Rights of artists and their heirs Topic 4. Auction sales and conditions Topic 5. International temporary exhibitions and insurance followed by Concluding Remarks by Prof. John H. Merryman.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 473 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Overview -- Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind: An Overview -- II. Connectionism vs. Classical Cognitive Science -- Connectionism, Computation, and Cognition -- Connectionism and the Notion of Levels -- Representation and Rule-Instantiation in Connectionist Systems -- What Connectionists Cannot Do: The Threat to Classical AI -- III. Connectionism and Conditioning -- Connectionism in Pavlovian Harness -- Connectionism and Conditioning -- IV. Does Cognition Require Syntactically Structured Representations? -- Systematicity, Structured Representations and Cognitive Architecture: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- An Explanatory Budget for Connectionism and Eliminativism -- Settling into a New Paradigm -- Putting a Price on Cognition -- V. Can Connectionism Provide Syntactically Structured Representations? -- The Constituent Structure of Connectionist Mental States: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn -- Representation in Pictorialism and Connectionism -- Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity: Why Smolensky’s Solution Doesn’t Work -- Classical Questions, Radical Answers: Connectionism and the Structure of Mental Representations -- Connectionism versus Symbolism in High-Level Cognition -- VI. Connectionism and Philosophy -- Connectionism and the Specter of Representationalism -- Is Perception Cognitively Mediated -- Leaping to Conclusions: Connectionism, Consciousness, and the Computational Mind -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and to computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. One of the most, if not the most, exciting developments within cognitive science has been the emergence of connectionism as an alternative to the computational conception of the mind that tends to dominate the discipline. In this volume, John Tienson and Terence Horgan have brought together a fine collection of stimulating studies on connectionism and its significance. As the Introduction explains, the most pressing questions concern whether or not connectionism can provide a new conception of the nature of mentality. By focusing on the similarities and differences between connectionism and other approaches to cognitive science, the chapters of this book supply valuable resources that advance our understanding of these difficult issues. J.H.F.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401579414
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 272 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer science ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. The Literal and the Metaphoric -- 2. Views of Metaphor -- 3. Knowledge Representation -- 4. Representation Schemes and Conceptual Graphs -- 5. The Dynamic Type Hierarchy Theory of Metaphor -- 6. Computational Approaches to Metaphor -- 7. The Nature and Structure of Semantic Hierarchies -- 8. Language Games, Open Texture and Family Resemblances -- 9. Programming the Dynamic Type Hierarchy -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data­ processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychol­ ogy through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The problems posed by metaphor and analogy are among the most challenging that confront the field of knowledge representation. In this study, Eileen Way has drawn upon the combined resources of philosophy, psychology, and computer science in developing a systematic and illuminating theoretical framework for understanding metaphors and analogies. While her work provides solutions to difficult problems of knowledge representation, it goes much further by investigating some of the most important philosophical assumptions that prevail within artificial intelligence today. By exposing the limitations inherent in the assumption that languages are both literal and truth-functional, she has advanced our grasp of the nature of language itself. J.R.F.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789401135740
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 333 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: One: Nuts and Bolts -- 1. Mental Representation -- 2. Partitioned Representations -- 3. Language: Process and Structure -- 4. Three Levels of Language Processing -- Two: Studies in Language -- 5. Pedro’s Donkey and Oedipus’s Mother -- 6. Satisfying Presuppositions in Discourse -- 7. Space Frogs and Henry Ford -- 8. Temporal Aspect -- 9. General Conclusions -- Appendices: Formal Models -- 10. A Logic of Partitioned Representations -- 11. Generalized Natural Deduction -- 12. A Computational Model -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Cognitive science is a field that began with the realization that researchers in varied disciplines-psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, formal semantics, neuroscience, and others-had taken on a common set of problems in representation and meaning, in reasoning and language. Nevertheless, cognitive science as a whole enjoys no common methodology or theoretical framework, and is in danger of becoming even more fragmented with time. There are two reasons for this. First, cognitive science is built on existing methodologies that have different historical origins. AB a result, the psychologist's truth is different from the linguist's truth. The artificial intelligence researcher's truth is different from the philosopher's truth. The neuroscientist's truth is different from the formal semanticist's truth. All too often there is little or no recognition of the relevance of work in other disciplines to one's own concerns. Second, cognitive scientists tend to develop theories around isolated problems. For instance, there are theories about how humans categorize concepts, about how humans analyze linguistic expressions syntactically, about how the English tense system works semantically, about how humans reason about space or reason about time, about how goal-directed problem solving occurs, about how the brain computes, and so on.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 302 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Cognitive Systems 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computer science ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Prologue -- Connectionism and Three Levels of Nativism -- I / Concepts and Content -- Explanation and the Language of Thought -- Conceptual Dependency as the Language of Thought -- Functionalism and Inverted Spectra -- Concepts and Conceptual Change -- Beyond the Exclusively Propositional Era -- II / Semantics and Knowledge -- Can Semantics by Syntactic? -- Form and Content in Semantics -- Knowledge and the Regularity Theory of Information -- Melancholic Epistemology -- Human Understanding -- Epilogue -- Framing the Frame Problem -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interest from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental powers of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimen­ tal, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume reflects the kind of insights that can be obtained when research workers in philosophy, artificial intelligence, and computer science explore problems of common concern. The issues here tend to fall into two broad but varied sets, namely: those concerned with content and concepts, on the one hand, and those concerned with semantics and epistemology, on the other. The collection begins with a prologue that focuses upon the relations between connectionism and alternative conceptions of nativism and ends with an epilogue that examines the significance of alternative conceptions of the Frame Problem for artificial intelligence. Because these papers are rich and diverse, they ought to appeal to a wide and heterogeneous audience. J.H.F.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789401135061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 349 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Computer science ; Social sciences ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Human-computer interaction.
    Abstract: Riding a Tiger, or Computer Supported Cooperative Work -- Personalisable Groupware: Accommodating Individual Roles and Group Differences -- Office Systems Development and Gender: Implications for Computer-Supported Co-operative Work -- CSCW and Distributed Systems: The Problem of Control -- Collaborative Activity and Technological Design: Task Coordination in London Underground Control Rooms -- The Group Facilitator: A CSCW Perspective -- Idea Management in a Shared Drawing Tool -- Panel: Formalization in CSCW -- Experiences with the DOMINO Office Procedure System -- Distributed Computing and Organisational Change Enable Concurrent Engineering -- An Analysis of Design and Collaboration in a Distributed Environment -- ClearFace: Translucent Multiuser Interface for TeamWorkStation -- PEPYS: Generating Autobiographies by Automatic Tracking -- Panel: Organizational Memory -- Boosting Connectivity in a Student Generated Collaborative Database -- A Model for Real-Time Co-operation -- Questioning Representations -- Speech Acts or Communicative Action? -- The Concept of Activity as a Basic Unit of Analysis for CSCW Research -- Being Selectively Aware with the Khronika System -- Participation Frameworks for Computer Mediated Communication -- Sound Support for Collaboration -- CSCW: Discipline or Paradigm? A Sociological Perspective -- Small Workshop Abstracts -- ECSCW’91 Directory: Authors & Committee Members.
    Description / Table of Contents: Riding a Tiger, or Computer Supported Cooperative WorkPersonalisable Groupware: Accommodating Individual Roles and Group Differences -- Office Systems Development and Gender: Implications for Computer-Supported Co-operative Work -- CSCW and Distributed Systems: The Problem of Control -- Collaborative Activity and Technological Design: Task Coordination in London Underground Control Rooms -- The Group Facilitator: A CSCW Perspective -- Idea Management in a Shared Drawing Tool -- Panel: Formalization in CSCW -- Experiences with the DOMINO Office Procedure System -- Distributed Computing and Organisational Change Enable Concurrent Engineering -- An Analysis of Design and Collaboration in a Distributed Environment -- ClearFace: Translucent Multiuser Interface for TeamWorkStation -- PEPYS: Generating Autobiographies by Automatic Tracking -- Panel: Organizational Memory -- Boosting Connectivity in a Student Generated Collaborative Database -- A Model for Real-Time Co-operation -- Questioning Representations -- Speech Acts or Communicative Action? -- The Concept of Activity as a Basic Unit of Analysis for CSCW Research -- Being Selectively Aware with the Khronika System -- Participation Frameworks for Computer Mediated Communication -- Sound Support for Collaboration -- CSCW: Discipline or Paradigm? A Sociological Perspective -- Small Workshop Abstracts -- ECSCW’91 Directory: Authors & Committee Members.
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