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  • 1985-1989  (123)
  • 1945-1949  (8)
  • 1986  (123)
  • Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg.: The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 20.1961,3 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    Keywords: Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Slawistik ; Osteuropa ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Manchester : Manchester Univ. Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press ; 1.1985 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : Colin | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl. , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Edinburgh : Univ. Press | Manchester : Manchester Univ. Press ; 1.1985 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1985 -
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Keywords: Hawaii ; Tiere ; Zoologie
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , 2325-7784 , 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Osteuropa ; Russland ; USA ; Regionalstudien ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1956 -
    ISSN: 0068-6891
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1956 -
    Additional Information: 34=6 von South Asian archaeology [Wechselnde Verlagsorte], 1973 0066-2011
    Additional Information: 42=8 von Arabian studies Cambridge [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1974 0305-036X
    Additional Information: 47=3 von Ḥevrah le-ḥeḳer ha-tarbut ha-ʿaravit-ha-yehudit shel yeme ha-benayim Papers read at the ... congress of the Society for Judaeo-Arabic Studies Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als University of Cambridge oriental publications
    Former Title: University of Cambridge oriental publications
    DDC: 050
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Brunswick, NJ : ASA | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; Volume 14, no. 1 (January/March 1981)-
    ISSN: 1942-4949 , 0278-2219
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Volume 14, no. 1 (January/March 1981)-
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als African Studies Association ASA news
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von African studies newsletter
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 23.06.2023 , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Baltimore, MD : John Hopkins University Press | Princeton, NJ [u.a.] : Univ. Press | Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins Univ. Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    ISSN: 0043-8871 , ISSN 1086-3338 , ISSN 1086-3338
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Additional Information: 14,1=78 von Princeton paperbacks Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1954
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World politics
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Beziehungen ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Internationale Politik ; Politik ; Weltpolitik ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Sicherheitspolitik
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. 1.1948/49 - 3.1951: Yale Institute of International Studies; früher: Center of International Studies
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Baltimore, MD : John Hopkins University Press | Princeton, NJ [u.a.] : Univ. Press | Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins Univ. Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0043-8871 , 1086-3338 , 1086-3338
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1948/49(1949) - 60.2007/08; 61.2009 -
    Additional Information: 14,1=78 von Princeton paperbacks Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1954
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World politics
    DDC: 320
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationale Beziehungen ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Welt ; Internationale Politik ; Zeitschrift ; Internationale Politik ; Politik ; Weltpolitik ; Internationale Politik ; Außenpolitik ; Sicherheitspolitik
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. 1.1948/49 - 3.1951: Yale Institute of International Studies; früher: Center of International Studies
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Society for American Archaeology ; 1.1935 -
    ISSN: 2325-5064 , 0002-7316 , 0002-7316
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1935 -
    Additional Information: 18,3,2=9; 20,4,2=10; 22,2,3=12; 22,4,2=13; 23,2,2=14; 23,4,2=15; 24,4,2=16; 26,3,2=17 u.a. von Society for American Archaeology Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology Salt Lake City, Utah [u.a.] : Soc., 1941
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. American antiquity
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Amerika ; Archäologie
    Note: Gesehen am 02.03.2017
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Austin, Tex. | Pittsburgh, Pa. : LASA ; 1.1965 -
    ISSN: 1542-4278 , 0023-8791
    Language: English , Spanish , Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1965 -
    Additional Information: Auch in Prisma
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Latin American research review
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Lateinamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Lateinamerika ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Publikation
    Note: Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe , Gesehen am 14.04.2022
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | [Wechselnde Verlagsorte] | London [u.a.] : Carfax | Colchester : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group ; 1.1967/68 -
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Paris : Colin ; 1.1946 -
    ISSN: 0003-441X , 0395-2649 , 1953-8146 , 1953-8146
    Language: French
    Dates of Publication: 1.1946 -
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en lettres et sciences humaines, droit et sciences économiques
    Additional Information: Beil. Thèses en sciences humaines
    Additional Information: Beil. Annales / Cahiers
    Parallel Title: Übersetzt als Annales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Annales
    Former Title: Vorg. Annales d'histoire sociale
    Former Title: Annales, économies, sociétés, civilisations
    Former Title: économies, sociétés, civilisations
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Frankreich ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialgeschichte ; Interesse ; Geschichte ; Geschichtswissenschaft Sozialgeschichte ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Zeitschrift ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Zweiter Herausgeber früher: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Ungezählte Beil.: Suppl , Index 1946/49 ersch. als Monographie u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire économique et sociale / Maurice-A. Arnould; 1949/68 u. 1969/88 als Monogr. u.d.T.: Vingt années d'histoire et de sciences humaines; Table analytique 44/48.1989/93=49.1994,6,Suppl.; 49/53.1994/98=54.1999,5,Suppl.; 54/58.1999/2003=59.2004,4,Suppl.
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Washington, DC : Assoc. | Stanford, Calif. : Assoc. | Cambridge, Mass. : Assoc. ; 20.1961,3 -
    ISSN: 0037-6779 , ISSN 2325-7784 , ISSN 2325-7784
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    DDC: 306.09
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Osteuropa ; Russland ; USA ; Regionalstudien ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Slawen ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Osteuropa ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift ; Slawische Sprachen ; Zeitschrift ; Slawistik ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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  • 19
    ISSN: 2325-7784 , 0037-6779 , 0037-6779
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 20.1961,3 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slavic review
    Former Title: Vorg. The American Slavic and East European review
    Former Title: American quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 10.03.2017 , Beteil. Körp. bis 2010,2: American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leiden [u.a.] : Brill | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 1.1968 -
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Durham, NC : Duke University Press | Cambridge : Cambridge University Press ; 16.1956 -
    ISSN: 1752-0401 , 0021-9118 , 0021-9118
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 16.1956 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The journal of Asian studies
    Former Title: Vorg The Far Eastern quarterly
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Asien ; Kultur ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Asien ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource
    Note: Gesehen am 06.12.2023
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Levitton, Pa. [u.a.] : Carfax Publ. | Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis Group ; 1.1972/73 -
    ISSN: 1465-3923 , 0090-5992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972/73 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Nationalities papers
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nationale Minderheit ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Sowjetunion ; Osteuropa ; Sowjetunion ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Sowjetunion ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sowjetunion ; Nachfolgestaaten ; Ethnische Gruppe ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Osteuropa ; Nationale Minderheit ; Zeitschrift ; Online-Ressource ; Sowjetunion ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nationalitätenfrage ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 12.05.21 , Urh. anfangs: Association for the Study of the Nationalities (USSR and East Europe)
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511819582
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306/.3
    Abstract: The meaning that people attribute to things necessarily derives from human transactions and motivations, particularly from how those things are used and circulated. The contributors to this volume examine how things are sold and traded in a variety of social and cultural settings, both present and past. Focusing on culturally defined aspects of exchange and socially regulated processes of circulation, the essays illuminate the ways in which people find value in things and things give value to social relations. By looking at things as if they lead social lives, the authors provide a new way to understand how value is externalized and sought after. They discuss a wide range of goods - from oriental carpets to human relics - to reveal both that the underlying logic of everyday economic life is not so far removed from that which explains the circulation of exotica, and that the distinction between contemporary economics and simpler, more distant ones is less obvious than has been thought. As the editor argues in his introduction, beneath the seeming infinitude of human wants, and the apparent multiplicity of material forms, there in fact lie complex, but specific, social and political mechanisms that regulate taste, trade, and desire. Containing contributions from American and British social anthropologists and historians, the volume bridges the disciplines of social history, cultural anthropology, and economics, and marks a major step in our understanding of the cultural basis of economic life and the sociology of culture. It will appeal to anthropologists, social historians, economists, archaeologists, and historians of art.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511621864
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 328 pages)
    Series Statement: Themes in the social sciences
    Uniform Title: Sociologie de la famille.
    DDC: 306.8/5
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Abstract: This historical anthropology of the family represents a new departure in family studies. Over the past ten years or so, the social scientific sociological analysis of the family has undergone a change, and has been obliged to reconsider its traditional view that industrialisation triggered a shift within society from the 'large family', which fulfilled all social functions from socialising the children to caring for the sick and the old, to the modern nuclear family, which was regarded solely as being the locus for emotional relationships. Historians have shown that in the past there was in fact a great variety of different family structures within a wide range of varying demographic, economic and cultural frameworks, distinctive for each society. At the same time, the interaction between sociology and social anthropology has led to a clearer conceptual analysis of that vague, polysemic term 'family'; and notions of dwelling-place, descent, marriage, the relative roles of husband and wife and parent-child relations, as well as the more general relations between generations, have in a variety of past and present social contexts been taken apart and analysed. In this book, Martine Segalen reviews and synthesises a rich wealth of often little-known European and North American historical and social anthropological material on the family. This results in a reversal of the frequently held view of the family as an institution in decline, showing it instead to be both dynamic and resistant.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511520884
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 227 pages)
    DDC: 305.5/69/0947
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Abstract: The 1986 book deals with the continuing problem of poverty in Soviet society, a problem which the Revolution of 1917 was supposed to solve in a planned and expeditious manner. The topic is important both because it involves large numbers of people, and because it illustrates a major failing of Marxism-Leninism in practice. The book attempts to analyse Soviet poverty both from Soviet and western sources: the former are very limited, because discussion of poverty in the USSR falls under a strict censorship ban. This is one of the reasons why it has been so sadly neglected by western observers. The analysis concerns itself with most of the common problems of poverty and under-privilege in an industrialised society. Exclusion from the political process, and the particular social implications of the constitutional status of labour as both a right and a duty, are examined in an account that emphasises life-style and social problems, rather than merely the content of the wage-packet.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781139165983
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xiii, 198 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 307.1/4/0966
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rural development / Africa, West ; Rural development / India, South ; Economic anthropology / Africa, West ; Economic anthropology / India, South ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung ; Anthropologie ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Westafrika ; Indien ; Westafrika ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Indien Süd ; Westafrika ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Indien Süd ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Westafrika ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung ; Anthropologie ; Indien Süd ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung ; Anthropologie
    Abstract: Polly Hill's provocative book examines the disastrous gulf that separates development economics from its sister discipline, economic anthropology. Working with material from the rural tropical world, much of it collected at first hand in West Africa and South India, Dr Hill demonstrates in the first, polemical part of her book, how unreliable and western-biased assumptions most development economists base their theoretical work. She shows in particular that misleading official statistics are handled uncritically, that the significance of innate rural inequality is consistently ignored and the revered concepts such as the 'population explosion' are in anthropological terms largely meaningless. The longer, second part of the book illustrates the enormous relevance and potential of economic anthropology for economists by looking in turn at the true complexity of farming households, labour and inheritance; at debt, social stratification and economic inequality, and at problems connected with the sale of land, the role of women and migration. Taken overall, Development Economics on Trial represents a powerful and urgent plea for co-operation
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511898365
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 227 pages)
    DDC: 305.8/96042
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Schwarze ; Stadt ; Minderheitenpolitik ; Sozialpolitik ; Stadtentwicklung ; Kommunalpolitik ; Großbritannien
    Abstract: This book, first published in 1986, examines the race and immigration issues by considering the nature of the black 'constituency' and its political responses to issues related to the crisis of Britain's inner cities. It centrally examines black access to and integration into the public policy process and views public policy responses and how these affect black politics. American experience provides a 'model' against which the British approach is viewed. The book looks at the background to the crisis, and its roots in economic decline. It also elaborates the historical development of government policy and legislation towards race and immigration, and the impact of community relations agencies, housing and education policy, and immigrant legislation. Black political action is considered, with particular emphasis on interest-group activity and community organisation. A concluding chapter looks at various policy options affecting blacks in Britain, comparing British and American approaches to community development and participation.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9780511720215
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (x, 134 pages)
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Identity (Psychology) ; Social role ; Sex role ; Symbolic interactionism ; Interaktion ; Identität ; Gesellschaft ; Identität ; Gesellschaft ; Identität ; Interaktion
    Abstract: Since the 1940s, there has been an explosion of writings, both scientific and nonscientific, about the question of 'identity' and what it means to be an individual in today's world. This book examines sociological perspectives on identity in order to illuminate the perennial problem of defining the human person, and to pose an alternative definition of identity based on it being socially constructed. Beginning with a review of previous studies of identity, the authors present a set of propositions for organizing the wide range of uses of the term, and for arriving at an adequate definition of it. Identity is then analysed in two contexts: gender identity, linked to present bodies; and prenatal and postmortem identities, linked to future and past bodies. Whereas gender identity reveals the powerful but breakable link between body type and identity, prenatal and postmortem identities illustrate the symbolic reality and partial independence of identity from any corporeal existence. This is an innovative and insightful study which will appeal to all those concerned with understanding the nature of human identity
    Description / Table of Contents: pt. 1. The story of whence identity and a step toward theory -- pt. 2. So what? : applying and extending identity theory, and back to society
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 17 Feb 2016)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511753091
    Language: English , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 383 pages)
    DDC: 980
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte Anfänge-1532 ; Ethnologie ; Indianer ; Inkareich ; Andenstaaten ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This collection of essays by scholars from the Andes, Europe and the United States was originally published in the French journal Annales as a special double issue entitled The Historical Anthropology of Andean Societies. It combines the perspectives of archaeology, anthropology and history to present a complex view of Andean societies over various millenia. The unique features of the Andean landscape, the impact of the Inka state on different regions and ethnic groups, the transformations wrought through the colonial presence and the creation of nineteenth-century republics are all analysed, as are the profound continuities in some aspects of Andean culture and social organisation to the present day. The book reflects some of the most innovative research that occurred in the 1970s and 80s. Apart from its substantive interest for students of the Andes and American civilisations in general, it shows the possibility of closer collaboration between history and anthropology.
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  • 30
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 0521253039 , 0521272939
    Language: English
    Pages: IX, 320 S.
    Edition: 2. ed., repr.
    DDC: 306/.09172/4
    RVK:
    Note: Previous ed.: 1975
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511570896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 549 pages)
    DDC: 303.3
    Abstract: This is the first part of a three-volume work on the nature of power in human societies. In it, Michael Mann identifies the four principal 'sources' of power as being control over economic, ideological, military, and political resources. He examines the interrelations between these in a narrative history of power from Neolithic times, through ancient Near Eastern civilisations, the classical Mediterranean age, and medieval Europe, up to just before the Industrial Revolution in England. Rejecting the conventional monolithic concept of a 'society', Dr. Mann's model is instead one of a series of overlapping, intersecting power networks. He makes this model operational by focusing on the logistics of power - how the flow of information, manpower, and goods is controlled over social and geographical space-thereby clarifying many of the 'great debates' in sociological theory. The present volume offers explanations of the emergence of the state and social stratification.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 329 Seiten
    Edition: Reproduction. s.l.
    Parallel Title: Elektronische Reproduktion von The social life of things
    Keywords: Gütermarkt ; Rohstoff ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Commerce / History ; Commerce / Social aspects ; Economic anthropology ; Konferenzschrift 1984 ; Ökonomische Anthropologie ; Rohstoff ; Gütermarkt ; Ökonomische Anthropologie
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511559419
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 118 pages)
    DDC: 338.1/9
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Abstract: The current problems of sub-Saharan peoples who are subject to recurrent famine and shortages of food are only one facet of a wider problem which confronts the peoples of the world. This problem, which is a vast in scale, concerns the relationship between the physical and biological resources which the world can muster and the provision of food for the adequate nutrition of its peoples. Overshadowing much of the thought about the future is the theorem propounded by Malthus almost 200 years ago, namely that population, unless checked in some way, has the capacity to outstrip the productivity of the earth in supplying food. Malthus' views are examined in this 1986 book and estimates are made of the need to increase and the possibilities of increasing both the nutritional status of the world's population and the production of food and other essentials. The enormous dilemmas that face mankind, the economic arguments that, while apparently logical, pose large moral questions, and the possible role of new scientific advances are outlined.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511528859
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 256 pages)
    DDC: 331.4/877/02822094425
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1750-1850 ; Sozialgeschichte 1750-1850 ; Frau ; Textilindustrie ; Weberei ; Arbeiter ; Ländlicher Raum ; Auffay ; Frankreich
    Abstract: The cottage industry of France enjoyed enormous growth from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. Through an intensive analysis of the social and economic impact of the expansion of this female-dominated industry, Gay Gullickson broadens our understanding of the variety and complexity of proto-industrial regions and of the proto-industrial processes. Focusing on the village of Auffay, located in the pays de Caux, a thriving agricultural region, Gullickson recreates the experiences of the women and men who spun and wove for the urban putting-out merchants. Social analysis of local memoirs, government reports, notarial and judicial records, and village cahiers de doléances, enables Gullickson to offer a more nuanced and accurate view of the causes and consequences of the expansion of the cottage textile industry in the pre-factory era. Her 1987 study is further enhanced by a quantitative analysis based primarily on the reconstitution of the families of the 727 couples who married in Auffay between 1750 and 1850.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9780521337045 , 0521337046
    Language: English
    Pages: xii, 268 Seiten
    Edition: First paperback edition, (reprinted with corrections and and additions)
    Series Statement: Cambridge Iberian and Latin American studies
    DDC: 306/.09
    RVK:
    Keywords: Lateinamerika ; Indianer ; Ethnologie ; Geschichte 1512-1724
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke , Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 247-263
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511521119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 237 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 58
    DDC: 306/.089963
    RVK:
    Keywords: Tsonga ; Sozialordnung ; Familiensoziologie ; Sambia
    Abstract: The theme of this book is the analysis of the changes that have occurred in the kinship patterns of the Toka of South Zambia as a result of a shift in their form of production from hoe agriculture to ox-drawn ploughing. Dr Holy uses the rich, detailed ethnography that he provides about these changes to confront several theoretical issues of current anthropological interest, as well as to examine the basic methodological problems of anthropological enquiry. Emphasizing the distinction between the conceptual and cognitive world of the actors, and the transactions and events in which they engage, he argues that anthropological explanation has to account not only for structure, but also for the purposeful interaction between actors that generates that structure.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400940918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science.
    Abstract: One Introduction -- 1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
    Abstract: In the mid 1970s two events led me to get to know the Yorkshire Dales better than I had previously. Since 1964 I had been to the Malham Tarn Field Centre with groups of students, first from the University of Edinburgh and then from the University of York, and my family very much enjoyed the summer days we spent amid this magnificent hill scenery. In 1976, the British Ecological Society and the National Trust jointly worked on a survey of the biological interest of the National Trust properties of the Kent, East Anglian and Yorkshire Regions. Malham Tarn itself, and the surrounding farms, formed one of the twenty properties of the Yorkshire Region. I spent the bank holiday, that commemorated the Queen's Silver Jubilee, at Malham, looking fairly closely at the National Trust's landholding there. Miss Sarah Priest, who also looked at the National Trust properties, and I produced a report in late 1977, attempting both to describe and to evaluate the nature resources of the National Trust in Yorkshire. In the following year, 1978, the Nature Conservancy Council wanted to survey the whole of the upland area that was known as the Malhaml Arncliffe SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). A contract to look at such an exciting area, considering where boundaries should go, and looking to see if there were important areas of habitat that should be brought within the SSSI, was a superb practical antidote to an office in the University.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction1 Wildlife conservation evaluation: attributes, criteria and values -- 2 Assessing representativeness -- 3 Ecological succession and the evaluation of non-climax communities -- Two Approaches in different geographical areas -- 4 Evaluation of tropical land for wildlife conservation potential -- 5 Evaluation methods in the United States -- 6 Selection of important areas for wildlife conservation in Great Britain: the Nature Conservancy Council’s approach -- 7 Wildlife conservation evaluation in the Netherlands: a controversial issue in a small country -- 8 Evaluation at the local scale: a region in Scotland -- Three Specific habitats and groups of organisms -- 9 Forest and woodland evaluation -- 10 Evaluating the wildlife of agricultural environments: an aid to conservation -- 11 Ornithological evaluation for wildlife conservation -- 12 Assessments using invertebrates: posing the problem -- Four General principles -- 13 Conservation evaluation in practice -- 14 Design of nature reserves -- References -- Author index.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941038
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Tenth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 The structure of the nucleic acids -- 2.1 Monomeric components -- 2.1.1 Pyrimidine bases -- 2.1.2 Purine bases -- 2.1.3 Pentose and deoxypentose sugars -- 2.1.4 Nucleosides -- 2.1.5 Nucleotides -- 2.2 The primary structure of the nucleic acids -- 2.3 Shorthand notation -- 2.4 Base composition analysis of DNA -- 2.5 Molecular weight of DNA -- 2.6 The secondary structure of DNA -- 2.6.1 The basic structures -- 2.6.2 Variations on the B-form of DNA -- 2.6.3 Z-DNA -- 2.6.4 The dynamic structure of DNA -- 2.7 Denaturation and renaturation -- 2.7.1 DNA denaturation: the helix-coil transition -- 2.7.2 The renaturation of DNA: C0t value analysis -- 2.7.3 The buoyant density of DNA -- 2.8 Supercoils, cruciforms and triple-stranded structures -- 2.9 The secondary and tertiary structure of RNA -- 2.10 Chemical reactions of bases, nucleotides and polynucleotides -- 2.10.1 Reactions of ribose and deoxyribose -- 2.10.2 Reactions of the bases -- 2.10.3 Phosphodiester bond cleavage -- 2.10.4 Photochemistry -- References -- 3 Chromosome organization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Eukaryote DNA -- 3.2.1 The eukaryote cell cycle -- 3.2.2 Eukaryote chromosomes -- 3.2.3 The allocation of specific genes to specific chromosomes -- 3.2.4 Haploid DNA content (C value) -- 3.2.5 Gene frequency -- 3.2.6 Eukaryote gene structure -- 3.3 Chromatin structure -- 3.3.1 Histones and non-histone proteins -- 3.3.2 The nucleosome -- 3.3.3 Nucleosome phasing -- 3.3.4 Higher orders of chromatin structure -- 3.3.5 Loops, matrix and the chromosome scaffold -- 3.3.6 Lampbrush chromosomes -- 3.3.7 Polytene chromosomes -- 3.4 Extranuclear DNA -- 3.4.1 Mitochondrial DNA -- 3.4.2 Chloroplast DNA -- 3.4.3 Kinetoplast DNA -- 3.5 Bacteria -- 3.5.1 The bacterial chromosome -- 3.5.2 The bacterial division cycle -- 3.5.3 Bacterial transformation -- 3.6 Viruses -- 3.6.1 Structure -- 3.6.2 Virus classification -- 3.6.3 Life cycle -- 3.6.4 The Hershey-Chase experiment -- 3.6.5 Virus mutants -- 3.6.6 Virus nucleic acids -- 3.6.7 The information content of viral nucleic acids -- 3.6.8 Lysogeny and transduction -- 3.6.9 Tumour viruses and animal cell transformation -- 3.6.10 Viroids -- 3.6.11 Prions -- 3.7 Plasmids and transposons 77 -- References -- 4 Degradation and modification of nucleic acids -- 4.1 Introduction and classification of nucleases -- 4.2 Non-specific nucleases -- 4.2.1 Non-specific endonucleases -- 4.2.2 Non-specific exonucleases -- 4.3 Ribonucleases (RNases) -- 4.3.1 Endonucleases which form 3?-phosphate groups -- 4.3.2 Endonucleases which form 5?-phosphate groups -- 4.3.3 RNA exonucleases -- 4.3.4 Ribonucleases which act on RNA:DNA hybrids (RNase H) -- 4.3.5 Double-stranded RNA-specific ribonucleases -- 4.3.6 Ribonuclease inhibitors -- 4.4 Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) -- 4.5 Deoxy ribonucleases (DNases) -- 4.5.1 Endonucleases -- 4.5.2 Exonucleases -- 4.5.3 Restriction endonucleases -- 4.6 Nucleic acid methylation -- 4.6.1 DNA methylation -- 4.6.2 RNA methylation and other RNA nucleotide modifications -- 4.7 Nucleic acid kinases and phosphatases -- 4.7.1 Bacteriophage polynucleotide kinase -- 4.7.2 Eukaryotic DNA and RNA kinases -- 4.8 Base exchange in RNA and DNA -- References -- 5 The metabolism of nucleotides -- 5.1 Anabolic pathways -- 5.2 The biosynthesis of the purines -- 5.3 Preformed purines as precursors -- 5.4 The biosynthesis of the pyrimidines -- 5.5 The biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides and its control -- 5.6 The biosynthesis of thymine derivatives -- 5.7 Aminopterin in selective media -- 5.8 Formation of nucleoside triphosphates -- 5.9 General aspects of catabolism -- 5.10 Purine catabolism -- 5.11 Pyrimidine catabolism -- References -- 6 Replication of DNA -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Semiconservative replication -- 6.3 The replication fork -- 6.3.1 Discontinuous synthesis -- 6.3.2 Okazaki pieces -- 6.3.3 Direction of chain growth -- 6.3.4 Initiation of Okazaki pieces -- 6.3.5 Continuous synthesis -- 6.4 Enzymes of DNA synthesis -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 DNA polymerases -- 6.4.3 DNA ligases -- 6.4.4 Helix-destabilizing proteins (HD) or single-stranded DNA- binding proteins (ssb) -- 6.4.5 DNA unwinding proteins or DNA helicases (DNA-dependent ATPases) -- 6.4.6 Topoisomerases -- 6.5 Fidelity of replication -- 6.6 In vitro systems for studying DNA replication -- 6.6.1 dna mutants -- 6.6.2 Permeable cells -- 6.6.3 Cell lysates -- 6.6.4 Soluble extracts -- 6.6.5 Reconstruction experiments -- 6.7 Molecular biology of the replication fork -- 6.7.1 Lagging-strand synthesis -- 6.7.2 Leading-strand synthesis -- 6.7.3 RF replication -- 6.8 Initiation of replication-general -- 6.8.1 Methods of locating the origin and direction of replication -- 6.8.2 Replicons -- 6.8.3 Rate of replication -- 6.8.4 Origin strategies -- 6.8.5 Positive or negative control of initiation -- 6.9 Initiation of replication-specific examples -- 6.9.1 Small single-stranded phage -- 6.9.2 Double-stranded phage -- 6.9.3 Plasmids -- 6.9.4 Bacteria -- 6.9.5 Mitochondria -- 6.9.6 Double-stranded cyclic DNA viruses (SV40 and polyoma) -- 6.9.7 Adenoviruses -- 6.9.8 Yeast -- 6.9.9 Higher eukaryotes -- 6.9.10 Retroviruses -- 6.10 Termination of replication -- 6.10.1 Cyclic chromosomes -- 6.10.2 Small linear chromosomes -- 6.10.3 Telomeres -- 6.11 Replication complexes -- 6.12 Chromatin replication -- References -- 7 Repair, recombination and DNA rearrangement -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mutations and mutagens -- 7.2.1 Base and nucleoside analogues -- 7.2.2 Alkylating agents -- 7.2.3 Intercalating agents -- 7.2.4 The effects of ionizing radiation -- 7.2.5 Ultraviolet radiation -- 7.3 Repair mechanisms -- 7.3.1 Reversal of damage -- 7.3.2 Excision repair -- 7.3.3 Mismatch repair -- 7.3.4 Post-replication repair -- 7.4 Recombination -- 7.4.1 E. coli rec system and single-strand invasion -- 7.4.2 Reciprocal recombination between duplex DNA molecules -- 7.4.3 Site-specific recombination -- 7.5 Gene amplification -- 7.5.1 Developmental amplification -- 7.5.2 Amplification by chemical selection -- 7.5.3 Mechanism of amplification -- 7.6 Gene duplication and pseudogenes -- 7.6.1 Multiple related copies of eukaryotic genes -- 7.6.2 Mechanism of tandem gene duplication -- 7.6.3 Pseudogenes -- 7.6.4 Concerted evolution of duplicated genes -- 7.7 Transposition of DNA -- 7.7.1 Transposable elements -- 7.7.2 Transposition in prokaryotes -- 7.7.3 Transposition in eukaryotes -- 7.8 Gene conversion -- 7.8.1 Yeast mating-type locus -- 7.8.2 Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes in trypanosomes -- 7.9 Gene rearrangements -- 7.9.1 Immunoglobulin genes -- 7.9.2 T-cell receptor genes -- 7.9.3 Other gene rearrangements -- 7.10 Chromosomal translocations -- References -- 8 RNA biosynthesis -- 8.1 DNA-dependent RNA polymerases -- 8.1.1 Bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase -- 8.1.2 Eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases -- 8.2 Prokaryotic RNA synthesis -- 8.2.1 Prokaryotic initiation of transcription -- 8.2.2 Elongation of RNA transcripts -- 8.2.3 Termination of transcription in prokaryotes -- 8.3 Eukaryotic RNA synthesis -- 8.3.1 Initiation by RNA polymerase II -- 8.3.2 Initiation by RNA polymerase III -- 8.3.3 Initiation by RNA polymerase I -- 8.3.4 Eukaryotic termination -- 8.3.5 Transcription of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes -- 8.4 RNA polymerases and RNA synthesis in DNA viruses -- 8.5 The replication of RNA viruses by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Replicase) -- 8.5.1 RNA bacteriophage -- 8.5.2 Eukaryotic RNA viruses -- References -- 9 The arrangement of genes, their transcription and processing -- 9.1 Transcription and processing of prokaryotic and bacteriophage mRNA -- 9.2 The organization of eukaryotic protein-encoding genes -- 9.2.1 Genes are often discontinuous -- 9.2.2 Gene families and gene clustering -- 9.3 Transcription and processing of eukaryotic pre-messenger RNA -- 9.3.1 The nature of gene transcripts -- 9.3.2 Caps and 5?-leader sequences of eukaryotic mRNA -- 9.3.3 Poly adenylate tails, 3? -processing and 3? -non-coding sequences of eukaryotic mRNAs -- 9.3.4 Removal of intron transcripts from pre-mRNA -- 9.4 The arrangement of rRNA genes, their transcription and processing -- 9.4.1 The prokaryotic rRNA genes and their processing -- 9.4.2 The rRNA genes of eukaryotes -- 9.4.3 The transcription and processing of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA -- 9.5 The arrangement and expression of tRNA genes -- 9.5.1 tRNA genes -- 9.5.2 The processing of tRNA -- 9.6 The arrangement and expression of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes -- 9.6.1 Protein-encoding genes of mitochondria and chloroplasts -- 9.6.2 Mitochondrial and chloroplast rDNA -- 9.6.3 Mitochondrial and chloroplast tRNA genes -- 9.6.4 The introns of mitochondrial genes and their splicing -- 9.7 A postscript on splicing -- References -- 10 Control of transcription and mRNA processing -- 10.1 The regulation of prokaryotic RNA chain initiation -- 10.1.1 Induction of the lac operon - a negative control system -- ...
    Abstract: When the first edition of this book was published in 1950, it set out to present an elementary outline of the state of knowledge of nucleic acid biochemistry at that time and it was the first monograph on the subject to appear since Levene's book on Nucleic Acids in 1931. The fact that a tenth edition is required after thirty five years and that virtually nothing of the original book has been retained is some measure of the speed with which knowledge has advanced in this field. As a result of this vast increase in information it becomes increasingly difficult to fulfil the aims of providing an introduction to nucleic acid biochemistry and satisfying the requirements of advanced undergraduates and postgraduates in biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology. We have attempted to achieve these aims by con­ centrating on those basic aspects not normally covered in the general biochemistry textbooks and by providing copious references so that details of methodology can readily be retrieved by those requiring further information. The first seven editions emerged from the pen of J. N. Davidson who died in September 1972 shortly after completing the seventh edition. The subsequent editions have been produced by various colleagues who have tried to retain something of the character and structure of the earlier editions while at the same time introducing new ideas and concepts and eliminating some of the more out -dated material.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionReferences -- 2 The structure of the nucleic acids -- 2.1 Monomeric components -- 2.1.1 Pyrimidine bases -- 2.1.2 Purine bases -- 2.1.3 Pentose and deoxypentose sugars -- 2.1.4 Nucleosides -- 2.1.5 Nucleotides -- 2.2 The primary structure of the nucleic acids -- 2.3 Shorthand notation -- 2.4 Base composition analysis of DNA -- 2.5 Molecular weight of DNA -- 2.6 The secondary structure of DNA -- 2.6.1 The basic structures -- 2.6.2 Variations on the B-form of DNA -- 2.6.3 Z-DNA -- 2.6.4 The dynamic structure of DNA -- 2.7 Denaturation and renaturation -- 2.7.1 DNA denaturation: the helix-coil transition -- 2.7.2 The renaturation of DNA: C0t value analysis -- 2.7.3 The buoyant density of DNA -- 2.8 Supercoils, cruciforms and triple-stranded structures -- 2.9 The secondary and tertiary structure of RNA -- 2.10 Chemical reactions of bases, nucleotides and polynucleotides -- 2.10.1 Reactions of ribose and deoxyribose -- 2.10.2 Reactions of the bases -- 2.10.3 Phosphodiester bond cleavage -- 2.10.4 Photochemistry -- References -- 3 Chromosome organization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Eukaryote DNA -- 3.2.1 The eukaryote cell cycle -- 3.2.2 Eukaryote chromosomes -- 3.2.3 The allocation of specific genes to specific chromosomes -- 3.2.4 Haploid DNA content (C value) -- 3.2.5 Gene frequency -- 3.2.6 Eukaryote gene structure -- 3.3 Chromatin structure -- 3.3.1 Histones and non-histone proteins -- 3.3.2 The nucleosome -- 3.3.3 Nucleosome phasing -- 3.3.4 Higher orders of chromatin structure -- 3.3.5 Loops, matrix and the chromosome scaffold -- 3.3.6 Lampbrush chromosomes -- 3.3.7 Polytene chromosomes -- 3.4 Extranuclear DNA -- 3.4.1 Mitochondrial DNA -- 3.4.2 Chloroplast DNA -- 3.4.3 Kinetoplast DNA -- 3.5 Bacteria -- 3.5.1 The bacterial chromosome -- 3.5.2 The bacterial division cycle -- 3.5.3 Bacterial transformation -- 3.6 Viruses -- 3.6.1 Structure -- 3.6.2 Virus classification -- 3.6.3 Life cycle -- 3.6.4 The Hershey-Chase experiment -- 3.6.5 Virus mutants -- 3.6.6 Virus nucleic acids -- 3.6.7 The information content of viral nucleic acids -- 3.6.8 Lysogeny and transduction -- 3.6.9 Tumour viruses and animal cell transformation -- 3.6.10 Viroids -- 3.6.11 Prions -- 3.7 Plasmids and transposons 77 -- References -- 4 Degradation and modification of nucleic acids -- 4.1 Introduction and classification of nucleases -- 4.2 Non-specific nucleases -- 4.2.1 Non-specific endonucleases -- 4.2.2 Non-specific exonucleases -- 4.3 Ribonucleases (RNases) -- 4.3.1 Endonucleases which form 3?-phosphate groups -- 4.3.2 Endonucleases which form 5?-phosphate groups -- 4.3.3 RNA exonucleases -- 4.3.4 Ribonucleases which act on RNA:DNA hybrids (RNase H) -- 4.3.5 Double-stranded RNA-specific ribonucleases -- 4.3.6 Ribonuclease inhibitors -- 4.4 Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) -- 4.5 Deoxy ribonucleases (DNases) -- 4.5.1 Endonucleases -- 4.5.2 Exonucleases -- 4.5.3 Restriction endonucleases -- 4.6 Nucleic acid methylation -- 4.6.1 DNA methylation -- 4.6.2 RNA methylation and other RNA nucleotide modifications -- 4.7 Nucleic acid kinases and phosphatases -- 4.7.1 Bacteriophage polynucleotide kinase -- 4.7.2 Eukaryotic DNA and RNA kinases -- 4.8 Base exchange in RNA and DNA -- References -- 5 The metabolism of nucleotides -- 5.1 Anabolic pathways -- 5.2 The biosynthesis of the purines -- 5.3 Preformed purines as precursors -- 5.4 The biosynthesis of the pyrimidines -- 5.5 The biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides and its control -- 5.6 The biosynthesis of thymine derivatives -- 5.7 Aminopterin in selective media -- 5.8 Formation of nucleoside triphosphates -- 5.9 General aspects of catabolism -- 5.10 Purine catabolism -- 5.11 Pyrimidine catabolism -- References -- 6 Replication of DNA -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Semiconservative replication -- 6.3 The replication fork -- 6.3.1 Discontinuous synthesis -- 6.3.2 Okazaki pieces -- 6.3.3 Direction of chain growth -- 6.3.4 Initiation of Okazaki pieces -- 6.3.5 Continuous synthesis -- 6.4 Enzymes of DNA synthesis -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 DNA polymerases -- 6.4.3 DNA ligases -- 6.4.4 Helix-destabilizing proteins (HD) or single-stranded DNA- binding proteins (ssb) -- 6.4.5 DNA unwinding proteins or DNA helicases (DNA-dependent ATPases) -- 6.4.6 Topoisomerases -- 6.5 Fidelity of replication -- 6.6 In vitro systems for studying DNA replication -- 6.6.1 dna mutants -- 6.6.2 Permeable cells -- 6.6.3 Cell lysates -- 6.6.4 Soluble extracts -- 6.6.5 Reconstruction experiments -- 6.7 Molecular biology of the replication fork -- 6.7.1 Lagging-strand synthesis -- 6.7.2 Leading-strand synthesis -- 6.7.3 RF replication -- 6.8 Initiation of replication-general -- 6.8.1 Methods of locating the origin and direction of replication -- 6.8.2 Replicons -- 6.8.3 Rate of replication -- 6.8.4 Origin strategies -- 6.8.5 Positive or negative control of initiation -- 6.9 Initiation of replication-specific examples -- 6.9.1 Small single-stranded phage -- 6.9.2 Double-stranded phage -- 6.9.3 Plasmids -- 6.9.4 Bacteria -- 6.9.5 Mitochondria -- 6.9.6 Double-stranded cyclic DNA viruses (SV40 and polyoma) -- 6.9.7 Adenoviruses -- 6.9.8 Yeast -- 6.9.9 Higher eukaryotes -- 6.9.10 Retroviruses -- 6.10 Termination of replication -- 6.10.1 Cyclic chromosomes -- 6.10.2 Small linear chromosomes -- 6.10.3 Telomeres -- 6.11 Replication complexes -- 6.12 Chromatin replication -- References -- 7 Repair, recombination and DNA rearrangement -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mutations and mutagens -- 7.2.1 Base and nucleoside analogues -- 7.2.2 Alkylating agents -- 7.2.3 Intercalating agents -- 7.2.4 The effects of ionizing radiation -- 7.2.5 Ultraviolet radiation -- 7.3 Repair mechanisms -- 7.3.1 Reversal of damage -- 7.3.2 Excision repair -- 7.3.3 Mismatch repair -- 7.3.4 Post-replication repair -- 7.4 Recombination -- 7.4.1 E. coli rec system and single-strand invasion -- 7.4.2 Reciprocal recombination between duplex DNA molecules -- 7.4.3 Site-specific recombination -- 7.5 Gene amplification -- 7.5.1 Developmental amplification -- 7.5.2 Amplification by chemical selection -- 7.5.3 Mechanism of amplification -- 7.6 Gene duplication and pseudogenes -- 7.6.1 Multiple related copies of eukaryotic genes -- 7.6.2 Mechanism of tandem gene duplication -- 7.6.3 Pseudogenes -- 7.6.4 Concerted evolution of duplicated genes -- 7.7 Transposition of DNA -- 7.7.1 Transposable elements -- 7.7.2 Transposition in prokaryotes -- 7.7.3 Transposition in eukaryotes -- 7.8 Gene conversion -- 7.8.1 Yeast mating-type locus -- 7.8.2 Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes in trypanosomes -- 7.9 Gene rearrangements -- 7.9.1 Immunoglobulin genes -- 7.9.2 T-cell receptor genes -- 7.9.3 Other gene rearrangements -- 7.10 Chromosomal translocations -- References -- 8 RNA biosynthesis -- 8.1 DNA-dependent RNA polymerases -- 8.1.1 Bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase -- 8.1.2 Eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases -- 8.2 Prokaryotic RNA synthesis -- 8.2.1 Prokaryotic initiation of transcription -- 8.2.2 Elongation of RNA transcripts -- 8.2.3 Termination of transcription in prokaryotes -- 8.3 Eukaryotic RNA synthesis -- 8.3.1 Initiation by RNA polymerase II -- 8.3.2 Initiation by RNA polymerase III -- 8.3.3 Initiation by RNA polymerase I -- 8.3.4 Eukaryotic termination -- 8.3.5 Transcription of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes -- 8.4 RNA polymerases and RNA synthesis in DNA viruses -- 8.5 The replication of RNA viruses by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Replicase) -- 8.5.1 RNA bacteriophage -- 8.5.2 Eukaryotic RNA viruses -- References -- 9 The arrangement of genes, their transcription and processing -- 9.1 Transcription and processing of prokaryotic and bacteriophage mRNA -- 9.2 The organization of eukaryotic protein-encoding genes -- 9.2.1 Genes are often discontinuous -- 9.2.2 Gene families and gene clustering -- 9.3 Transcription and processing of eukaryotic pre-messenger RNA -- 9.3.1 The nature of gene transcripts -- 9.3.2 Caps and 5?-leader sequences of eukaryotic mRNA -- 9.3.3 Poly adenylate tails, 3? -processing and 3? -non-coding sequences of eukaryotic mRNAs -- 9.3.4 Removal of intron transcripts from pre-mRNA -- 9.4 The arrangement of rRNA genes, their transcription and processing -- 9.4.1 The prokaryotic rRNA genes and their processing -- 9.4.2 The rRNA genes of eukaryotes -- 9.4.3 The transcription and processing of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA -- 9.5 The arrangement and expression of tRNA genes -- 9.5.1 tRNA genes -- 9.5.2 The processing of tRNA -- 9.6 The arrangement and expression of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes -- 9.6.1 Protein-encoding genes of mitochondria and chloroplasts -- 9.6.2 Mitochondrial and chloroplast rDNA -- 9.6.3 Mitochondrial and chloroplast tRNA genes -- 9.6.4 The introns of mitochondrial genes and their splicing -- 9.7 A postscript on splicing -- References -- 10 Control of transcription and mRNA processing -- 10.1 The regulation of prokaryotic RNA chain initiation -- 10.1.1 Induction of the lac operon - a negative control system -- 10.1...
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941014
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 PST 1: Injection Moulding and its Materials -- 2 Optimizing Injection Moulding Conditions -- 3 Some Examples of Polymer Selection -- 4 Plastics Gears -- 5 Acetal Clips for Roof Tiles -- 6 Acetal Spring for Selector Switch -- 7 PST 2: Foam Cored Mouldings -- 8 Structural Foam Trolley Base -- 9 Washing Machine Tank in Glass-coupled Polypropylene Structural Foam -- 10 Sandwich Moulded TV Screen Frame -- 11 PST 3: Polyurethanes -- 12 Reinforced Reaction Injection Moulding (RRIM) -- 13 Polyurethane Shoe Soles -- 14 Printed Gaskets in Hydraulic Control Equipment -- 15 PST 4: Glass-reinforced Plastics (GRP) -- 16 GRP-Clad Lorry Cab -- 17 High Speed Train Cab -- 18 DMC Vehicle Headlamps -- 19 ‘Fiberlam’ Aircraft Flooring -- 20 PST 5: Rubbers -- 21 Rubber-Steel Conveyor Belt -- 22 The Blow Moulding Process -- 23 The Acitainer Blow Moulded Acid Container -- 24 Chemical Effluent Pipe in HDPE -- 25 Failure of a Polypropylene Vessel -- 26 Heat Shrinkable Terminations for Power Cables.
    Abstract: This book is derived from a recent project sponsored by the Polymer Engineering Directorate of the SERC and carried out at the University of Lancaster under the joint auspices of the Departments of Chemistry and Engineering. The project set out to provide a novel type of teaching material for introducing polymers and their uses to students, especially of engineering. Case studies of real examples of polymers at work are used, so the student or teacher can start with a successful and well-designed product and work backwards to its origins in the market, in design and material selection and in the manufacturing process. The philosophy is that such an approach captures interest right at the start by means of a real example and then retains it because of the relevance of the technical explanation. This after all is what most of us do habitually; we turn to examples to make our point. The hope is that subject matter with a somewhat notorious reputation among engineers, such as aspects of polymer chemistry and the non-linear behaviour of polymers under mechanical loading will be fairly painlessly absorbed through the context of the examples. Each study becomes a separate chapter in the book. The original studies, and hence the present chapters, vary in length because different topics demanded different approaches. No attempt has been made to alter this, or to adopt a standardized format because to have done so would have interfered with the vitality of the original work.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 PST 1: Injection Moulding and its Materials2 Optimizing Injection Moulding Conditions -- 3 Some Examples of Polymer Selection -- 4 Plastics Gears -- 5 Acetal Clips for Roof Tiles -- 6 Acetal Spring for Selector Switch -- 7 PST 2: Foam Cored Mouldings -- 8 Structural Foam Trolley Base -- 9 Washing Machine Tank in Glass-coupled Polypropylene Structural Foam -- 10 Sandwich Moulded TV Screen Frame -- 11 PST 3: Polyurethanes -- 12 Reinforced Reaction Injection Moulding (RRIM) -- 13 Polyurethane Shoe Soles -- 14 Printed Gaskets in Hydraulic Control Equipment -- 15 PST 4: Glass-reinforced Plastics (GRP) -- 16 GRP-Clad Lorry Cab -- 17 High Speed Train Cab -- 18 DMC Vehicle Headlamps -- 19 ‘Fiberlam’ Aircraft Flooring -- 20 PST 5: Rubbers -- 21 Rubber-Steel Conveyor Belt -- 22 The Blow Moulding Process -- 23 The Acitainer Blow Moulded Acid Container -- 24 Chemical Effluent Pipe in HDPE -- 25 Failure of a Polypropylene Vessel -- 26 Heat Shrinkable Terminations for Power Cables.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941175
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Liner Service and Tramp Shipping -- 2. Tramp Shipping -- 3. The Management of Tramp Shipping -- 4. Chartering and Tramp Ship Operation -- 5. Organization of a Liner-Service Company -- 6. Terminal Management -- 7. Terminal Operation -- 8. The Stevedore Contract -- 9. Procurement of Vessel Stores and Supplies -- 10. Containerization: The Beginning -- 11. The Ramifications of Containerization -- 12. The Ocean Bill of Lading -- 13. How Freight Rates Are Made -- 14. The Traffic Study -- 15. Steamship Conferences -- 16. The Logic of Steamship Scheduling -- 17. Scheduling and Bunkering -- 18. Planning for a New Ship -- 19. Passenger Cruises -- 20. Industrial and Special Carriers -- 21. Tanker Management -- 22. The American Shipping Subsidy System -- 23. The Business of Shipping -- Notes -- About the Author.
    Abstract: T HIS VOL U M E has been written to describe the business side of a commercial enterprise whose field is the entire civilized world. Historically, the theory and knowledge of shipping management, as distinguished from the practical skills of seaman­ ship, have been transmitted from one generation to the next by word of mouth. Little has been put on paper, primarily because the finest exponents of the art of steamship management have been too busy with their day-to-day concerns to do so. The "working level" personnel often are superbly competent, but rarely qualify as liter­ ary craftsmen. It has been my aim, in preparing this analysis of the principles of the "business" of commercial shipping, to describe that which trans­ pires in the various divisions of a shipowning and operating organi­ zation. Insofar as possible, the procedures followed in the offices have been described and explained, as well as the underlying prin­ ciples of management by which their decisions are reached. In the process of learning the principles and practices that are set forth in these pages, I have spent ajoy-filled lifetime in associa­ tion with ships. It has been my good fortune to work in large and small American steamship offices, to operate a major cargo termi­ nal, to participate in establishing and putting into effect the policies of a world-girdling American steamship organization, and to teach young men these principles learned from experience as well as from precept.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Liner Service and Tramp Shipping2. Tramp Shipping -- 3. The Management of Tramp Shipping -- 4. Chartering and Tramp Ship Operation -- 5. Organization of a Liner-Service Company -- 6. Terminal Management -- 7. Terminal Operation -- 8. The Stevedore Contract -- 9. Procurement of Vessel Stores and Supplies -- 10. Containerization: The Beginning -- 11. The Ramifications of Containerization -- 12. The Ocean Bill of Lading -- 13. How Freight Rates Are Made -- 14. The Traffic Study -- 15. Steamship Conferences -- 16. The Logic of Steamship Scheduling -- 17. Scheduling and Bunkering -- 18. Planning for a New Ship -- 19. Passenger Cruises -- 20. Industrial and Special Carriers -- 21. Tanker Management -- 22. The American Shipping Subsidy System -- 23. The Business of Shipping -- Notes -- About the Author.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400943179
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Session I The European Joint Colloborative Project -- Assessment, Architecture and Performance of Industrial Programmable Electronic Systems, with Particular Reference to Robotic Safety -- Presentation of Objectives 1 and 2 of the Joint Collaborative Project on Programmable Electronic Systems: Collection and Data Banking of Information -- Analysis of Accidents and Disturbances Involving Industrial Robots -- Collection and Assessment of Current Standards and Guidelines for Programmable Electronic Systems: CEC Collaborative Project, Objective 3 -- The Inadequacies of Research into Programmable Electronic Systems in Industrial Robots -- Guideline Framework for the Assessment of Programmable Electronic Systems -- Case Study Using the Guidelines Framework -- Session II Programmable Electronic Systems In Nuclear Applications -- Use of Programmable Electronic Systems in Indian Nuclear Power Plants -- Failsafe Operation of a Programmable Electronic System in a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Refuelling System -- Software Safety Using Fault Tree Analysis Technique -- Programmable Controller Fault Tree Models for use in Nuclear Power Plant Risk Assessments -- The Integrated Protection System: High Integrity Design as a Response to Safety Issues -- Session III Industrial Applications Of Programmable Electronic Systems -- Enhancing System Reliability by Improving Component Reliability -- Improving the Safety of Programmable Electronic Systems -- Session IV Assessment Methodologies -- PASS II — Program for Analysing Sequential Circuits -- Experience with Computer Assessment -- Safety Assessment Methods for New AGR Fuel Route Control Systems -- Session V Software For Programmable Electronic Systems -- Guidelines for the Synthesis of Software for Distributed Processors -- Experiences with the Diverse Redundancy in Programmable Electronic Systems -- Session VI Experience With Emc, Signature Analysis, Fault Simulation And Safety Of Machine Tools -- Effects of Electromagnetic Interferences on Programmable Electronic Systems -- Improving the Safety Level of Programmable Electronic Systems by Applying the Concept of Signature Analysis -- The Physical Simulation of Fault: A Tool for the Evaluation of Programmable Controller’s Behaviour on Internal Failure -- Safety with Numerically Controlled Machine Tools -- Session VII National And Industrial Guidelines For Programmable Electronic Systems -- Requirements for Microcomputer Systems in Safety Relevant Application — State of the Art in the Federal Republic of Germany -- Use of Microprocessors in Safety Critical Applications — Guidelines for the Nordic Factory Inspectorates -- Standardisation for Computer Safety — The Current Situation in Germany -- Harmonisation of Safety Standards for Programmable Electronic Systems -- Guidance on the Use of Programmable Electronic Systems in Safety Related Applications.
    Abstract: The use of programmable electronic systems (PES) in industry has grown considerably with the availability of microcomputers. These systems offer many benefits to the designer and user in providing more comprehensive control of industrial processes, enviroments, machine tools and in robot installations. As confidence grows with the application of PES, users and manufacturers are considering incorporating safety functions within the requirements and functions of the PES. This book represents the proceedings of the Programmable Electronic Systems Safety Symposium (PES-3) held in Guernsey, Channel Islands, May 28th - 30th 1986, which presented the guidance available to users, designers and safety assessors of programmable electronic systems. This guidance is applicable for many real and potential risk and safety situations in a wide variety of industries ranging from nuclear power plants and industrial robotics, to machine tools and chemical process controllers. The original impetus to hold the Symposium came from a two year collaborative project partially funded by the Commission of the European Communities under the 1979-83 Informatics Initiative. The sponsors of the Symposium studied the assessment, architecture and performance of industrial programmable electronic systems, with particular reference to robotics. The group of papers in the first session give the first public report of the results of this project. The session was Chaired by H Fangmeyer from the Commission's Joint Research Centre at Ispra, Italy, who was the Commission's Project Manager throughout the collaboration.
    Description / Table of Contents: Session I The European Joint Colloborative ProjectAssessment, Architecture and Performance of Industrial Programmable Electronic Systems, with Particular Reference to Robotic Safety -- Presentation of Objectives 1 and 2 of the Joint Collaborative Project on Programmable Electronic Systems: Collection and Data Banking of Information -- Analysis of Accidents and Disturbances Involving Industrial Robots -- Collection and Assessment of Current Standards and Guidelines for Programmable Electronic Systems: CEC Collaborative Project, Objective 3 -- The Inadequacies of Research into Programmable Electronic Systems in Industrial Robots -- Guideline Framework for the Assessment of Programmable Electronic Systems -- Case Study Using the Guidelines Framework -- Session II Programmable Electronic Systems In Nuclear Applications -- Use of Programmable Electronic Systems in Indian Nuclear Power Plants -- Failsafe Operation of a Programmable Electronic System in a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Refuelling System -- Software Safety Using Fault Tree Analysis Technique -- Programmable Controller Fault Tree Models for use in Nuclear Power Plant Risk Assessments -- The Integrated Protection System: High Integrity Design as a Response to Safety Issues -- Session III Industrial Applications Of Programmable Electronic Systems -- Enhancing System Reliability by Improving Component Reliability -- Improving the Safety of Programmable Electronic Systems -- Session IV Assessment Methodologies -- PASS II - Program for Analysing Sequential Circuits -- Experience with Computer Assessment -- Safety Assessment Methods for New AGR Fuel Route Control Systems -- Session V Software For Programmable Electronic Systems -- Guidelines for the Synthesis of Software for Distributed Processors -- Experiences with the Diverse Redundancy in Programmable Electronic Systems -- Session VI Experience With Emc, Signature Analysis, Fault Simulation And Safety Of Machine Tools -- Effects of Electromagnetic Interferences on Programmable Electronic Systems -- Improving the Safety Level of Programmable Electronic Systems by Applying the Concept of Signature Analysis -- The Physical Simulation of Fault: A Tool for the Evaluation of Programmable Controller’s Behaviour on Internal Failure -- Safety with Numerically Controlled Machine Tools -- Session VII National And Industrial Guidelines For Programmable Electronic Systems -- Requirements for Microcomputer Systems in Safety Relevant Application - State of the Art in the Federal Republic of Germany -- Use of Microprocessors in Safety Critical Applications - Guidelines for the Nordic Factory Inspectorates -- Standardisation for Computer Safety - The Current Situation in Germany -- Harmonisation of Safety Standards for Programmable Electronic Systems -- Guidance on the Use of Programmable Electronic Systems in Safety Related Applications.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400945326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: One -- 1/Four Stages of Reflection -- 2/Defending Common Sense -- 3/Descriptive Metaphysics -- 4/Conceptual Reform -- Two -- 5/Metaphysics Out of Logic -- 6/Inside the Revolution -- 7/A Passage to America -- 8/Recent Philosophy of Language -- Three -- 9/Values in General -- 10/Ethical Theory -- 11/Applied Ethics -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Over the past several decades serious work in philosophy has become almost wholly inaccessible to people who do not specialize in the subject. To be sure, the writings of Aristotle and Kant were never easy reading, and even relatively untechnical philosophers like Mill or Santayana de­ mand careful study if we are really to understand them. But during the last generation or two the situation has steadily become worse for readers who may want to know what philosophers of their own time are doing. And this is true even though many writers have been learning to avoid the unnecessary jargon that disfigures so much of traditional philosophy. No matter how direct the English style of recent philosophers may be, their methodic purposes and argument style will re­ main obscure to anyone who has not gone to considerable trouble to be introduced to them. Then too, the closeness of their analysis and the con­ sequent narrowness of many of the issues pursued make it hard to catch onto the argument without some familiarity with slightly earlier discus­ sions from which those issues emerged. All of this helps to account for the rather common but false belief that professional philosophy is now only a collection of technical exercises that could hardly be of interest to anyone but the philosophers themselves.
    Description / Table of Contents: One1/Four Stages of Reflection -- 2/Defending Common Sense -- 3/Descriptive Metaphysics -- 4/Conceptual Reform -- Two -- 5/Metaphysics Out of Logic -- 6/Inside the Revolution -- 7/A Passage to America -- 8/Recent Philosophy of Language -- Three -- 9/Values in General -- 10/Ethical Theory -- 11/Applied Ethics -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Name Index.
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  • 43
    Pages: 210 S.
    Keywords: England ; Volkskunde ; Geschichte der Volkskunde ; History of Ethnology ; Histoire de l'ethnologie européenne
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Pages: 168 S.
    Keywords: Neues Testament ; Medizin ; Allgemeines ; General ; Etudes générales
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Pages: 310 S.
    Keywords: Kräuterbuch ; Volksbotanik ; Plant Lore ; L'ethnobotanique
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  • 46
    Pages: 11, 400 S.
    Keywords: Frankreich ; Spinnerei ; Handwerk ; Handicrafts ; L'artisanat
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Pages: 12, 163 S.
    Keywords: Shetland ; Geige ; Instrumentalmusik ; Instrumental music ; La musique instrumentale
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Pages: 356 S.
    Keywords: Patient ; Allgemeines ; General ; Etudes générales
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  • 49
    Pages: 11, 331 S.
    Keywords: England ; Haustier ; Land- und Viehwirtschaft, Waldwirtschaft, Gartenbau ; Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Forestry, Horticulture ; L'agriculture, l'élevage, l'exploitation forestière et le maraîchage
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  • 50
    ISBN: 0521254035 , 2735101371
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 205 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Culture and class in anthropology and history / Gerald M. Sider 1
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social anthropology 60
    Series Statement: Sider, Gerald M. Culture and class in anthropology and history
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social anthropology
    DDC: 304.209718
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Soziale Situation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziologie ; Alltag ; Soziale Klasse ; Newfoundland
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis Seite 195-200
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511570759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 381 pages)
    Series Statement: Studies in rationality and social change
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: The essays in this collection, on stratification, organization and the discipline of sociology, all bear upon a general theoretical question: what models of rationality are necessary or suitable to explain individual and collective action in institutional contexts? Professor Stinchcombe was one of the first sociologists to write on this question; and this collection includes a new essay which takes account of recent work done in the tradition Stinchcombe did much to institute. The first group of essays - on class, stratification and mobility - addresses core problems of the discipline and offers imaginative conceptualizations with interesting empirical consequences. The second section - essays on the sociology of organizations - displays, like the first, Stinchcombe's wide knowledge of sociological traditions from structuralism to Marxism. The final section, 'comments on the discipline', deepens the readers understanding of sociological theorizing by presenting different modes of analysis of universities and research institutions and providing challenging, and often funny, insights into the subject.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015)
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  • 52
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511557828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 350 pages)
    Series Statement: Comparative ethnic and race relations
    DDC: 305.8
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Rassenfrage ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: This book brings together internationally known scholars from a wide range of disciplines and theoretical traditions, all of whom have made significant contributions to the field of race and ethnic relations. As well as identifying important and persistent points of controversy, the collection reveals a complementary and multifaceted approach to theorisation. The theories represented include contributions from the perspective of sociology. These range from the established perspectives of Marx and Weber through to the more recent interventions of rational choice theory, symbolic interactionism and identity structure analysis.
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  • 53
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511628078
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 187 pages)
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    DDC: 305
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    Keywords: Soziologische Theorie ; Funktionalismus
    Abstract: Over the last several decades, functional theory in the social sciences has fallen into disfavour. Alleged to be a static form of theory incapable of explaining social change, methodologically impotent and ideologically tainted, functionalism stands accused of being socially and politically reactionary. In this book, Michael Faia challenges the view that functionalism should be rejected. He claims that because functional theories are causal, multivariate, time-ordered, and characterized by reciprocal causation, they are in fact inherently dynamic, demand the highest methodological rigour, and also force sociology to transcend its infamous 'paradigm disputes' by recognizing that the social sciences have already achieved an 'integrated methodological paradigm'. The central arguments of the book are illustrated by a wide variety of examples drawn from several academic disciplines. These range from the incest taboo to witchcraft, from tenure in the US Congress to duration of marriage. The reader thus gains a strong appreciation of the wide applicability of the functionalist mode of explanation.
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  • 54
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511607790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 266 pages)
    DDC: 394/.9
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    Abstract: The practice of cannibalism is in certain cultures rejected as evil, while in others it plays a central part in the ritual order. Anthropologists have offered various explanations for the existence of cannibalism, none of which, Peggy Sanday claims, is adequate. In this book she presents a new approach to understanding the phenomenon. Through a detailed examination of ritual cannibalism in selected tribal societies, and a comparison of those cases with others in which the practice is absent, she shows that cannibalism is closely linked to people's orientation to the world, and that it serves as a concrete device for distinguishing the 'cultural self' from the 'natural other'. Combining perspectives drawn from the work of Ricoeur, Freud, Hegel, and Jung and from symbolic anthropology, Sanday argues that ritual cannibalism is intimately connected both with the constructs by which the origin and continuity of life are understood and assured from one generation to the next and with the way in which that understanding is used to control the vital forces considered necessary for the cannibalism in a culture derives from basic human attitudes toward life and death, combined with the realities of the material world. As well as making an original contribution to the understanding of the significant human practice, Sanday also develops a theoretical argument of wider relevance to anthropologists, sociologists, and other readers interested in the function and meaning of cannibalism.
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  • 55
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511571404
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 262 pages)
    DDC: 306/.484
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Markt ; Theater ; USA ; Britisch-Nordamerika ; Großbritannien
    Abstract: Drawing on a variety of disciplines and documents, Professor Agnew illuminates one of the most fascinating chapters in the formations of Anglo-American market culture. Worlds Apart traces the history of our concepts of the marketplace and the theatre and the ways in which these concepts are bound together. Focusing on Britain and America in the years 1550 to 1750, the book discusses the forms and conventions that structured both commerce and theatre. As marketing practice broke free of its traditional boundaries and restraints, it challenged longstanding popular assumptions about the constituents of value, the nature of identity, the signs of authenticity, and the limits of liability. New exchange relations bred new legal and commercial fictions to authorise them, but they also bred new doubts about the precise grounds upon which the self and its 'interests' were to be represented. Those same doubts, Professor Agnew shows, animated the theatre as well. As actors and playwrights shifted from ecclesiastical and civic drama to professional entertainments, they too devised authenticating fictions, fictions that effectively replicated the bewildering representational confusions of the new 'placeless market'.
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  • 56
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511898273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 259 pages)
    DDC: 306/.2/09415
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    Abstract: Most of the independent nations of the twentieth century have been racked by political disorder and social instability. Ireland is one of the few to have successfully established a stable democratic order. In this book, Jeffrey Prager examines the first decade of Irish independence in order to explain how the Republic of Ireland achieved democracy. In so doing, he provides a deeper understanding of the Irish case while shedding light on the process of democratic consolidation in modern state-building. His combination of political and cultural approaches also contributes to the development of a political sociology that encompasses the problem of cultural meaning as a crucial domain of analysis. By exploring the interconnections between political structures, social activities, and cultural legacies, he promotes an awareness of the vital dimensions of political life and institutions.
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  • 57
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511753022
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 291 pages)
    DDC: 306/.0899912
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    Keywords: Ethnologie ; Mendi ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Gift exchange plays a crucial role in the social and political organization of Mendi in Papua New Guinea. This book reveals how considerable light can be shed on Mendi society, particularly on its political economy, by examining both the well-known ceremonial exchange festivals and the hitherto relatively little-studied everyday gift-giving practices. The author shows that the latter are crucial for understanding inter-group politics, the process of leadership, male-female relationships and the status of women, and the production, distribution and circulation of wealth. Currently the only book available on this society, the work offers an unusual combination of a social structural analysis with a study of local history and change. It is also of interest for its integration of the study of gift exchange and politics with the study of gender roles and relationships.
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  • 58
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511720215
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 134 pages) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    DDC: 305.3
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    Keywords: Gesellschaft ; Identität ; Interaktion
    Abstract: Since the 1940s, there has been an explosion of writings, both scientific and nonscientific, about the question of 'identity' and what it means to be an individual in today's world. This book examines sociological perspectives on identity in order to illuminate the perennial problem of defining the human person, and to pose an alternative definition of identity based on it being socially constructed. Beginning with a review of previous studies of identity, the authors present a set of propositions for organizing the wide range of uses of the term, and for arriving at an adequate definition of it. Identity is then analysed in two contexts: gender identity, linked to present bodies; and prenatal and postmortem identities, linked to future and past bodies. Whereas gender identity reveals the powerful but breakable link between body type and identity, prenatal and postmortem identities illustrate the symbolic reality and partial independence of identity from any corporeal existence. This is an innovative and insightful study which will appeal to all those concerned with understanding the nature of human identity.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis Seite 123-131
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  • 59
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511621598
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 213 pages)
    Series Statement: Studies in literacy, family, culture, and the state
    DDC: 303.4
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    Abstract: This book assesses the impact of writing on human societies, both in the Ancient Near East and in twentieth-century Africa, and highlights some general features of social systems that have been influenced by this major change in the mode of communication. Such features are central to any attempt at the theoretical definition of human society and such constituent phenomena as religious and legal systems, and in this study Professor Goody explores the role of a specific mechanism, the introduction of writing and the development of a written tradition, in the explanation of some important social differences and similarities. Goody argues that a shift of emphasis from productive to certain communicative processes is essential to account adequately for major changes in human societies. Whilst there have been previous descussions of the effect of literacy upon social organisation, no study has hitherto presented the general synthesis developed here.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9780511983603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 286 pages) , digital, PDF file(s)
    Series Statement: Society for the Study of Human Biology symposium series 27
    Parallel Title: Print version
    DDC: 304.5
    Keywords: Human population genetics ; Human population genetics ; Human population genetics ; Human population genetics ; Tropics
    Abstract: This volume considers the genetic variability of human populations, particularly in the tropics: its origins and maintenance, and its contribution to the phenotypic variability of complex characters. The first section deals with the ways of analysing genetic variation and provides a valuable review of relevant developments in molecular biology. The origin and maintenance of genetic diversity is considered in the second section with data presented for Pacific, African, Asian and Central American populations. The final section concerns characters in which the genetic contribution to variability is complex and shows how such characters may be used to elucidate biological problems of affinity and differentiation, of adaptation and survival. Published as part of the Decade of the Tropics research programme of the International Union of Biological Sciences, this volume will be of particular interest to human geneticists, physical and biological anthropologists
    Abstract: Genetic polymorphisms : a widening panorama / D.F. Roberts -- Some implications of improved electrophoresis techniques for population genetics / S.S. Papiha -- HLA variation in the tropics / J. Wentzel -- Chromosome polymorphism in humans / H.G. Schwarzacher -- Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the human genome / D.N. Cooper & J. Schmidtke -- Nucleotide sequences, restriction maps, and human mitochondrial DNA diversity / R.L. Cann -- Mitochondrial DNA variation in eastern highlanders of Papua New Guinea / M. Stoneking, K. Bhatia & A.C. Wilson -- The contribution of polymorphisms in mtDNA to population genetic studies / B. Bonne-Tamir & L.L. Cavalli-Sforza -- Human genetic diversity in south-east Asia and the western Pacific / R.L. Kirk -- Malaria-protective alleles in southern Africa : relict alleles of no health significance / T. Jenkins & M. Ramsay -- The genetic origin of the variability of the phenotypic expression of the Hb S gene / D. Labie [and others] -- Origin and maintenance of genetic variation in Black Carib populations of St. Vincent and Central America / M.H. Crawford -- Historical and demographic factors and the genetic structure of an Afro-American community of Nicaragua / G. Battistuzzi [and others] -- Migration and genetic polymorphisms in some Congo peoples / G. Spedini [and others] -- Population structure studies and genetic variability in humans / L.B. Jorde -- Inbreeding and the incidence of recessive disorders in the populations of Karnataka, South India / A.H. Bittles, A. Radha Rama Devi & N. Appaji Rao -- Genetic diversity at the albumin locus / F.W. Lorey & D.G. Smith -- Significance of dermatoglyphics in studies of population genetic variation in man / G. Hauser -- Polymorphisms of red-green vision among populations of the tropics / A. Adam -- Reductions in body size and the preservation of genetic variability in tropical populations / W.A. Stini -- Genetic isolates and the search for causal mechanisms of disease / R.M. Garruto
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  • 61
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511559822
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 306 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge South Asian studies 36
    DDC: 305.5/63
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    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte 1919-1947 ; Geschichte 1919-1947 ; Landwirtschaft ; Sozialstruktur ; Landbevölkerung ; Wirtschaft ; Agrargesellschaft ; Bengalen ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: As well as being an outstanding contribution to Indian economic and social history, this book draws important conclusions about peasant politics in general and about the effects of international economic fluctuations on primary producing countries. Dr Bose develops a general typology of systems of agrarian production in Bengal to show how these responded to different types of pressure from the world economy, and treats in detail the effects of the world Depression on Bengal. Separate chapters are devoted to the themes of agrarian conflict and religious strife in east Bengal, the agrarian dimension of mass nationalism in west Bengal and sharecroppers agitations in the frontier regions. The conclusion attempts a synthesis of the typology of agrarian social structure and the periodisation of peasant politics, placing this in the wider context of agrarian societies and protest in other parts of India and in South-east Asia.
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  • 62
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511557682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 356 pages)
    DDC: 301/.01
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    Abstract: Randall Collins convincingly argues that much of Max Weber's work has been misunderstood, and that many of his most striking and sophisticated theories have been overlooked. By analysing hitherto little known aspects of Weber's writings, Professor Collins is able both to offer a new interpretation of Weberian sociology and to show how the more fruitful lines of the Weberian approach can be projected to an analysis of current world issues. Professor Collins begins with Weber's theory of the rise of capitalism, examining it in the light of Weber's later writings on the subject and extending the Weberian line of reasoning to suggest a 'Weberian revolution' in both medieval Europe and China. He also offers a new interpretation of Weber's theory of politics, showing it to be a 'world-system' model; and he expands this into a theory of geopolitics, using as a particular illustration the prediction of the future decline of Russian world power. Another 'buried treasure' in the corpus is Weber's conflict theory of the family as sex and property, which Professor Collins applies to the historical question of the conditions that led to the initial rise in the status of women. The broad view of Weber's works shows that Weberian sociology remains intellectually alive and that many of his theories still represent the frontier of our knowledge about large-scale social processes.
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  • 63
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511570896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (ix, 549 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.3
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    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte ; Social history ; Power (Social sciences)
    Abstract: This is the first part of a three-volume work on the nature of power in human societies. In it, Michael Mann identifies the four principal 'sources' of power as being control over economic, ideological, military, and political resources. He examines the interrelations between these in a narrative history of power from Neolithic times, through ancient Near Eastern civilisations, the classical Mediterranean age, and medieval Europe, up to just before the Industrial Revolution in England. Rejecting the conventional monolithic concept of a 'society', Dr. Mann's model is instead one of a series of overlapping, intersecting power networks. He makes this model operational by focusing on the logistics of power - how the flow of information, manpower, and goods is controlled over social and geographical space-thereby clarifying many of the 'great debates' in sociological theory. The present volume offers explanations of the emergence of the state and social stratification
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. A history of power from the beginning to A.D. 1760 -- v. 2. The rise of classes and nation-states, 1760-1914
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  • 64
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511563041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 230 pages)
    Series Statement: African studies 49
    DDC: 380.1/44/096
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    Abstract: This study examines the role of cowrie-shell money in West African trade, particularly the slave trade. The shells were carried from the Maldives to the Mediterranean by Arab traders for further transport across the Sahara, and to Europe by competing Portuguese, Dutch, English and French traders for onward transport to the West African coast. In Africa they served to purchase the slaves exported to the New World, as well as other less sinister exports. Over a large part of West Africa they became the regular market currency, but were severely devalued by the importation of thousands of tons of the cheaper Zanzibar cowries. Colonial governments disliked cowries because of the inflation and encouraged their replacement by low-value coins. They disappeared almost totally, to re-appear during the depression of the 1930s, and have been found occasionally in the markets of remote frontier districts, avoiding exchange and currency control problems.
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  • 65
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511558290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 400 pages)
    DDC: 302
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    Keywords: Kognition ; Soziale Wahrnehmung ; Sozialpsychologie ; Theorie ; Einführung ; Einführung
    Abstract: Written principally for students at the intermediate level, this text provides a broad critical review of the various empirical and theoretical traditions from which contemporary social psychology derives and, as the subtitle implies, offers balanced (though necessarily selective) insights into the perspectives that different researchers have adopted. It derives from J. Richard Eiser's previous textbook, Cognitive social psychology, which has been thoroughly revised and reorganized, incorporating fresh material that reflects the changes that have been taking place in the field since the beginning of the decade. The approach is broadly cognitive, though by no means narrowly so, the three main parts - 'Attitudes', 'Judgement and Interference' and 'Identity and Interaction' - indicating the principal emphases. Although it is North American research that has made the greatest contribution to our understanding of social behaviour, significant European work is not neglected in Richard Eiser's exposition. It is this awareness of the dynamism of the field and of the cross-fertilization taking place between different disciplines that gives this text its distinctive flavour and attraction for students and professionals alike.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 0521323258
    Language: English
    Pages: X,134 S , graph. Darst , 24 cm
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    DDC: 305.3
    Keywords: Identity (Psychology) ; Social role ; Sex role ; Symbolic interactionism ; Identität ; Soziale Rolle ; Symbolischer Interaktionismus ; Sozialpsychologie
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  • 67
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511898365
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 227 pages) , digital, PDF file(s)
    Parallel Title: Print version
    DDC: 305.8/96042
    Keywords: Blacks Politics and government ; Blacks ; Great Britain ; Politics and government ; Great Britain ; Social policy ; 1979- ; Great Britain ; Politics and government ; 1979-1997 ; Great Britain ; Race relations ; Great Britain Politics and government 1979-1997 ; Great Britain Race relations ; Great Britain Social policy 1979-
    Abstract: This book, first published in 1986, examines the race and immigration issues by considering the nature of the black 'constituency' and its political responses to issues related to the crisis of Britain's inner cities. It centrally examines black access to and integration into the public policy process and views public policy responses and how these affect black politics. American experience provides a 'model' against which the British approach is viewed. The book looks at the background to the crisis, and its roots in economic decline. It also elaborates the historical development of government policy and legislation towards race and immigration, and the impact of community relations agencies, housing and education policy, and immigrant legislation. Black political action is considered, with particular emphasis on interest-group activity and community organisation. A concluding chapter looks at various policy options affecting blacks in Britain, comparing British and American approaches to community development and participation
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  • 68
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511620935
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 130 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in oral and literate culture 10
    DDC: 398
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    Abstract: Based on a corpus of Texan oral narratives collected by the author over the past fifteen years, this study presents an analysis of the literary qualities or orally performed verbal art, focusing on the significance of its social context. Although the tales included are all from Texas, they are representative of oral storytelling traditions in other parts of the United States, including tall tales, hunting stories, local character anecdotes, accounts of practical jokes, and so on. They are also highly entertaining in their own right. Professor Bauman's main emphasis is on the act of storytelling, not just the text. His central analytical concern is to demonstrate the interrelationships that exist between the events recounted in the narratives (narrated events), the narrative texts, and the situations in which the narratives are told (narrative events). He identifies these interrelationships by combining a close formal analysis of the texts with an ethnographic examination of the way in which their telling is accomplished, paying particular attention to the links between form and function. He also illuminates other more general concerns in the study of oral narrative, such as stability and variation in the oral text, the problem of genre, and the rhetorical efficacy of literary forms. As an important contribution to the theoretical and practical literary analysis of orally performed narratives, the book will appeal to students and teachers of folklore, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, and literary theory.
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  • 69
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    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press | Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9780511621673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 214 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in social and cultural anthropology 61
    DDC: 306.6
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    Abstract: The circumcision ritual of the Merina of Madagascar is seen by them primarily as a blessing, involving the transfer of the love and concern of the ancestors of their descendants. Yet the ritual ends in an act of ciolent wounding of the child. Similarily, while the ritual involves a symbolic assault on women, it is nonetheless welcomed by them as a mark of receiving the blessing of the ancestors. In this book, Maurice Bloch provides a detailed description and analysis of the Merina circumcision ritual today, offers an account of its history, and discusses the significance of his analysis for anthropological theories of ritual in general. Pursuing the theme of the combination of religious joy and illumination with violence, Professor Bloch explains how, at various times, the circumcision ceremony can be a familial ritual as well as glorification of a militarist and expansionist state, or associated with anti-colonial nationalism. Describing changes that have occurred in the form of the ritual over two centuries, Professor Bloch argues that in order to understand the properties of ritual in general, it is necessary to view it over a longer time scale than anthropologists have tended to do previously. Adopting such an historical perspective enables him to identify the stability of the Merina ritual's symbolic content, despite changes in its organisation, and dramatically changing politico-economic contexts. As well as presenting an original historical approach to the anthropological study of ritua;, Professor Bloch discusses a range of general theoretical issues, including the nature of ideology, and the relationship between images created in ritual and other types of knowledge. The book will appeal widely to scholars and students of anthropology, history, African studies, and comparative religion.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9780511752735
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xiii, 95 pages)
    Series Statement: The Arnold and Caroline Rose monograph series of the American Sociological Association
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.6/08997078
    Keywords: Indianer ; Ghost dance ; Indians of North America / West (U.S.) / Population ; Indians of North America / West (U.S.) / Rites and ceremonies ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Indianer ; Geistertanzbewegung ; Nordamerika ; Nordamerika ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Geistertanzbewegung ; Indianer
    Abstract: This study of the 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance movements among North American Indians offers an innovative theory about why these movements arose when they did. Emphasizing the demographic situation of American Indians prior to the movements, Professor Thornton argues that the Ghost Dances were deliberate efforts to accomplish a demographic revitalization of American Indians following their virtual collapse. By joining the movements, he contends, tribes sought to assure survival by increasing their numbers through returning the dead to life. Thornton supports this thesis empirically by closely examining the historical context of the two movements and by assessing tribal participation in them, revealing particularly how population size and decline influenced participation among and within American Indian tribes. He also considers American Indian population change after the Ghost Dance periods and shows that participation in the movements actually did lead the way to a demographic recovery for certain tribes
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941915
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- 1 The Management of Agricultural and Natural Resource Systems -- II The Methods of Dynamic Programming -- 2 Introduction to Dynamic Programming -- 3 Stochastic and Infinite-Stage Dynamic Programming -- 4 Extensions to the Basic Formulation -- III Dynamic Programming Applications to Agriculture -- 5 Scheduling, Replacement and Inventory Management -- 6 Crop Management -- 7 Livestock Management -- IV Dynamic Programming Applications to Natural Resources -- 8 Land Management -- 9 Forestry Management -- 10 Fisheries Management -- V Conclusion -- 11 The Scope for Dynamic Programming Applied to Resource Management -- Appendices -- A1 Coding Sheets for Entering Data Using DPD -- A2 Program Listings -- A2.1 Listing of DPD -- A2.2 Listing of FDP -- A2.3 Listing of IDP -- A2.4 Listing of DIM -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Humans interact with and are part of the mysterious processes of nature. Inevitably they have to discover how to manage the environment for their long-term survival and benefit. To do this successfully means learning something about the dynamics of natural processes, and then using the knowledge to work with the forces of nature for some desired outcome. These are intriguing and challenging tasks. This book describes a technique which has much to offer in attempting to achieve the latter task. A knowledge of dynamic programming is useful for anyone interested in the optimal management of agricultural and natural resources for two reasons. First, resource management problems are often problems of dynamic optimization. The dynamic programming approach offers insights into the economics of dynamic optimization which can be explained much more simply than can other approaches. Conditions for the optimal management of a resource can be derived using the logic of dynamic programming, taking as a starting point the usual economic definition of the value of a resource which is optimally managed through time. This is set out in Chapter I for a general resource problem with the minimum of mathematics. The results are related to the discrete maximum principle of control theory. In subsequent chapters dynamic programming arguments are used to derive optimality conditions for particular resources.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Introduction1 The Management of Agricultural and Natural Resource Systems -- II The Methods of Dynamic Programming -- 2 Introduction to Dynamic Programming -- 3 Stochastic and Infinite-Stage Dynamic Programming -- 4 Extensions to the Basic Formulation -- III Dynamic Programming Applications to Agriculture -- 5 Scheduling, Replacement and Inventory Management -- 6 Crop Management -- 7 Livestock Management -- IV Dynamic Programming Applications to Natural Resources -- 8 Land Management -- 9 Forestry Management -- 10 Fisheries Management -- V Conclusion -- 11 The Scope for Dynamic Programming Applied to Resource Management -- Appendices -- A1 Coding Sheets for Entering Data Using DPD -- A2 Program Listings -- A2.1 Listing of DPD -- A2.2 Listing of FDP -- A2.3 Listing of IDP -- A2.4 Listing of DIM -- Author Index.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400943216
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Production of Microbial ProteinsSingle Cell Protein Production from Petroleum Derivatives and Its Utilization as Food and Feed -- Trends on Optimization of Biomass Production; Application to SCP Production -- The Economical Aspects of Single Cell Protein Production from Petroleum Derivatives -- Production of Single Cell Protein from Thermotolerant Methanol - Utilizing Cultures for Animal Feed -- Process for SCP Production Combining the Specific Advantages of Yeast and Bacteria Fermentation -- The Efficient Use of Water in Single Cell Protein Production -- Utilization of Microorganisms for the Production of Chemicals -- Isocitrate and Citrate Production by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. Microbial as well as Engineering Approach -- Synthesis of Optically Active Amino Acids with Microbial Enzymes -- Concepts of Industrial Antibiotic Production -- Optimization of a Growth Medium for Antibiotic Production by Streptomyces anandii var. Taifiensis -- Microbial Treatment and Utilization of Waste -- Microbial Treatment and Utilization of Waste -- Biodegradation of Non-Cellulosic Waste for Environmental Conservation and Fuel Production -- Bioconversion of Cellulosic Waste into Protein and Fuel Products: A Case Study of the Technoeconomic Potentials -- Conversion of Cellulosics. Part 1. Structures of Cellulosic Materials and their Hydrolysis by Enzymes -- Conversion of Cellulosics. Part 2. Acid Hydrolysis and Chemicals from Cellulosics -- Bioconversion of Cellulosic Wastes -- Biological Removal of Nitrogen from Kuwait’s Refinery Wastewater -- Reduction of Bacterial Contamination in Sewage Effluents and Soils of Saudi Arabia: Impact of Sewage Treatment Technology and Natural Self-Purification -- Biogas Production from Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms -- Catalytic Activity of Alkali Metals on the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Materials -- Continuous Culture -- Continuous Culture: A Tool for Research, Development and Production -- Membrane Bioreactors: A New Approach to Fermentation of Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes -- Application of Biotechnology in Plant Science -- Biotechnological Applications of Plant Tissue Cultures -- The Structure of Plant Genes as Exemplified by Pea Seed Storage Protein Genes and their Expression in Microorganisms -- Applied Microbiology and Environment -- The Microbial Spoilage of Foods -- Selenium Sorption by Some Selenotolerant Fungi -- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology: International Cooperation Between Developed and Developing Countries -- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology: International Cooperation between Developed and Developing Countries -- The Potential of Biotechnology for the Gulf Region and the Role of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) -- Author Index.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789400946965
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Operations research.
    Abstract: Table of Content -- Action Theory as a Resource for Decision Theory -- Voluntary Exertion of the Body: A Volitional Account -- Intrinsic Intentionality -- An Action-Plan Interpretation of Purposive Explanations of Actions -- Formal Logic and Practical Reasoning -- Leading a Rational Life -- Announcements.
    Abstract: Most of the papers in this collection are contributions to action theory intended to be of some relevance to one or another concern of decision theory, particularly to its application to concrete human behavior. Some of the papers touch only indirectly on problems of interest to decision theorists, but taken together they should be of use to both decision theorists and philosophers of action. Robert Audi's paper indicates how a number of questions in action theory might bear on problems in decision theory, and it suggests how some action-theoretic results may help in the construction or interpretation of theories of decision, both normative and empirical. Carl Ginet's essay lays foundations for the conception of action. His volitional framework roots actions internally and conceives them as irreducibly connected with intentionality. Hugh McCann's essay is also foundational, but stresses intention more than volition and lays some of the groundwork for assessing the rationality of intention and intentional action. In William Alston's paper, the notion of a plan as underlying (intentional) action is central, and we are given both a con­ ception of the structure of intentional action and a set of implicit goals and beliefs - those whose content is represented in the plan - which form an indispensable part of the basis on which the rationality of the action is to be judged.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of ContentAction Theory as a Resource for Decision Theory -- Voluntary Exertion of the Body: A Volitional Account -- Intrinsic Intentionality -- An Action-Plan Interpretation of Purposive Explanations of Actions -- Formal Logic and Practical Reasoning -- Leading a Rational Life -- Announcements.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400934153
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Data Requirements -- 1. Multiaxial Data Requirements for Structural Integrity Assessments in Creep -- II: Biaxial Testing -- 2. The Application of Torsional and Double Shear Tests -- 3. Requirements for Thin-walled Torsion Testing -- 4. A Tension-Torsion Testing Technique -- 5. A Biaxial Tension-Torsion, Constant Stress, Creep Testing Machine -- 6. Torsion Testing in an Inert Atmosphere -- 7. Biaxial Testing Using Cruciform Specimens -- 8. Effects of Overloads and Creep on the Yield Surface of a Nickel-based Superalloy -- III: Triaxial Testing -- 9. An Overview on Studies of Stress State Effects During Creep of Circumferentially Notched Bars -- 10. Practical Aspects of Testing Circumferential Notch Specimens at High Temperature -- 11. Creep Tests on Axisymmetric Notched Bars: Global Displacement Measurements and Metallographic Determination of Local Strain and Damage -- 12. Computer Modelling of Creep Damage in Components with Variable Metallurgical Structure -- 13. Multiaxial Creep Testing Using Uniaxially Loaded Specimens with a Superimposed Hydrostatic Pressure -- Editors’ Note: Creep Rupture Testing under Triaxial Tension -- IV: Pressurised Tubes and Components -- 14. Stress State Distributions in Thick-walled Pressurised Tubes under Creep Loading -- 15. Potential for Standardisation of Techniques for Creep Testing of Internally Pressurised Tubular Components -- 16. Experiments on Multiaxial Creep Above 800°C -- 17. Some Experiences in the Creep Testing of Piping Elbows -- 18. Creep Rupture Testing of Tubular Model Components -- 19. Full Size Component Testing under Creep Conditions.
    Abstract: The design and assessment of modern high temperature plant demands an understanding of the creep and rupture behaviour of materials under multi axial stress states. Examples include thread roots in steam turbine casing bolts, branch connections in nuclear pressure vessels and blade root fixings in gas or steam turbine rotors. At one extreme the simple notch weakening/notch strengthening characterization of the material by circumferentially vee-notched uniaxial rupture tests, as specified in many national standards, may be sufficient. These were originally intended to model thread roots and their conservatism is such that they frequently are considered adequate for design purposes. At the other extreme full size or model component tests may be employed to determine the safety margins built into design codes. This latter approach is most commonly used for internally pressurized components, particularly where welds are involved. However, such tests are extremely expensive and the use of modern stress analysis techniques combined with a detailed knowledge of multiaxial properties offers a more economic alternative. Design codes, by their nature, must ensure conservatism and are based on a material's minimum specified properties. In the case of high temperature components the extension of life beyond the nominal design figure, say from 100000 to 200000 h, offers very significant economic benefits. However, this may require a more detailed understanding of the multiaxial behaviour of a specific material than was available at the design stage.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Data Requirements1. Multiaxial Data Requirements for Structural Integrity Assessments in Creep -- II: Biaxial Testing -- 2. The Application of Torsional and Double Shear Tests -- 3. Requirements for Thin-walled Torsion Testing -- 4. A Tension-Torsion Testing Technique -- 5. A Biaxial Tension-Torsion, Constant Stress, Creep Testing Machine -- 6. Torsion Testing in an Inert Atmosphere -- 7. Biaxial Testing Using Cruciform Specimens -- 8. Effects of Overloads and Creep on the Yield Surface of a Nickel-based Superalloy -- III: Triaxial Testing -- 9. An Overview on Studies of Stress State Effects During Creep of Circumferentially Notched Bars -- 10. Practical Aspects of Testing Circumferential Notch Specimens at High Temperature -- 11. Creep Tests on Axisymmetric Notched Bars: Global Displacement Measurements and Metallographic Determination of Local Strain and Damage -- 12. Computer Modelling of Creep Damage in Components with Variable Metallurgical Structure -- 13. Multiaxial Creep Testing Using Uniaxially Loaded Specimens with a Superimposed Hydrostatic Pressure -- Editors’ Note: Creep Rupture Testing under Triaxial Tension -- IV: Pressurised Tubes and Components -- 14. Stress State Distributions in Thick-walled Pressurised Tubes under Creep Loading -- 15. Potential for Standardisation of Techniques for Creep Testing of Internally Pressurised Tubular Components -- 16. Experiments on Multiaxial Creep Above 800°C -- 17. Some Experiences in the Creep Testing of Piping Elbows -- 18. Creep Rupture Testing of Tubular Model Components -- 19. Full Size Component Testing under Creep Conditions.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400940833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 General sampling techniques1.1 Sampling goals and requirements -- 1.2 Sampling methods -- References -- 2 Air pollution meteorology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Meteorological measurements -- 2.3 Outline of the more important features of the atmospheric transport and dispersion of pollutants -- 2.4 Calculation of the atmospheric transmission of pollutants -- 2.5 Examples of calculations using Gaussian models -- References -- 3 Air pollution chemistry -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Inorganic reactions -- 3.3 Reactions involving organic compounds -- 3.4 Gas-to-particle conversion -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Analysis of particulate pollutants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Suspended material -- 4.3 Dustfall sampling -- 4.4 Physical techniques for classification of particulates -- References -- 5 Metal analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Analysis of particulate matter -- 5.3 Gases and vapours -- References -- 6. Nitrogen and sulphur compounds -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basic analytical techniques -- 6.3 Experimental section -- 6.4 Particulate compounds of S and N -- References -- 7 Secondary pollutants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basic analytical techniques for the analysis of gaseous secondary pollutants -- 7.3 Experimental section -- References -- 8 Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Volatile hydrocarbons -- 8.3 Hydrocarbon fraction of airborne particulate matter -- 8.4 Carbon monoxide -- References -- 9 Halogen compounds -- 9.1 Fluorides -- 9.2 Chlorine -- 9.3 HCl and particulate chloride -- 9.4 Bromides -- 9.5. Halogenated hydrocarbons -- 10. Remote monitoring techniques -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Correlation spectroscopy -- 10.3 Single wavelength lidar -- 10.4 Differential lidar -- 10.5 Laser safety -- 10.6 Long pathlength absorption spectroscopy (this section by A.M. Winer) -- 10.7 Meteorological measurements -- 10.8 The use of remote sensing in field studies -- 10.9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11. Physico-chemical speciation techniques for atmospheric particles -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Speciation methods -- References -- 12. Analysis of precipitation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Sampling -- 12.3 Analysis -- 12.4 Concluding comment -- References -- 13. Low-cost methods for air pollution analysis -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 General considerations -- 13.3 Selected methods for measuring air pollutants -- 13.4 Additional considerations for selecting a low-cost air pollution measurement method -- References -- 14 Planning and execution of an air pollution study -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Objectives of the monitoring programme -- 14.3 Effluent history from source to receptor -- 14.4 The monitoring network -- 14.5 The design of pollution monitoring systems -- 14.6 Data handling -- 14.7 Analysis of results -- 14.8 Examples of monitoring networks and data presentations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Quality assurance in air pollution monitoring -- 15.1 Quality and quality assurance -- 15.2 Definitions -- 15.3 Elements of the monitoring chain -- 15.4 Site location and character -- 15.5 Sampling line integrity -- 15.6 Instrument performance -- 15.7 Calibration -- 15.8 Discussion and further checks -- References.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400940970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 An introduction to the problem of accuracy -- 1.1 Setting the scene -- 1.2 Some preliminary concepts -- 1.3 The accuracy of enzymes -- 1.4 The role of kinetics in accuracy -- 1.5 Molecular accuracy in evolution -- 1.6 Accuracy in other information systems -- References -- 2 Errors and the integrity of genetic information transfer -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Theory -- 2.3 Experimental observations on protein errors and error feedback -- 2.4 Errors in the control of transcription and in the timing of cell cycle events -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 The specificity of enzyme—substrate interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Kinetics and thermodynamics -- 3.3 Rates of reaction and accuracy -- 3.4 Discrimination through binding -- 3.5 Molecular mechanisms -- 3.6 Molecular fit -- References -- 4 The charging of tRNA -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The basic problem in amino acid selection -- 4.3 The basic kinetic equations of specificity -- 4.4 The discovery of editing during amino acid selection -- 4.5 The editing reaction pathway: hydrolysis of mischarged tRNA versus hydrolysis of misactivated amino acid -- 4.6 The double-sieve editing mechanism -- 4.7 The economics of editing -- 4.8 The relative importance of the pre-transfer and post- transfer pathways -- 4.9 Chemical reaction mechanisms of editing -- 4.10 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases not requiring editing mechanisms -- References -- 5 The accuracy of mRNA-tRNA recognition -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 How specific is the process of translation? -- 5.3 Decoding of the third codon base -- 5.4 Tuning the codon-anticodon interaction -- 5.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- 6 The secret life of the ribosome -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Missense error frequencies -- 6.3 Bioenergetics of translation -- 6.4 Translation in vitro -- 6.5 Curious consequences of proofreading -- 6.6 Error coupling -- 6.7 Suppression of frameshift mutations -- 6.8 Modalities of error coupling -- 6.9 Concluding remarks -- References -- 7 The accuracy of RNA synthesis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Accuracy during RNA polymerization -- 7.3 Accuracy during initiation of RNA synthesis -- 7.4 Accuracy during termination of RNA synthesis -- 7.5 Accuracy during mRNA splicing -- 7.6 Accuracy during maturation of the 3? terminus of an mRNA -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8 DNA replication fidelity and base mispairing mutagenesis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Km discrimination model -- 8.3 Evidence in support of a Km discrimination model for fidelity -- 8.4 Further predictive potential of the Km model -- 8.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- 9 Stability and change through DNA repair -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Types of DNA damage and cellular responses -- 9.3 Removal repair -- 9.4 Recombinational repair -- 9.5 Replicative repair and induced mutagenesis -- 9.6 DNA damage and epigenetic change -- 9.7 Evolution of indirect mutagenesis -- 9.8 DNA repair effects in multicellular organisms -- References -- 10 Kinetic and probabilistic thinking in accuracy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Hidden principles behind the kinetic formalism -- 10.3 The sequestration effect -- 10.4 Kinetic modulation -- 10.5 Kinetic amplification -- 10.6 Recipes for calculation -- 10.7 Outlook -- References -- 11 Kinetic costs of accuracy in translation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Kinetic proofreading revisited -- 11.3 Displacements in enzymic selections -- 11.4 Displacements in kinetic proofreading -- 11.5 Kinetic proofreading in translation -- 11.6 Efficiency of biochemical pathways -- 11.7 Low cost translations -- 11.8 Optimal accuracy in translation -- 11.9 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Selection for optimal accuracy and the evolution of ageing -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Evolution of accuracy in primitive organisms -- 12.3 Evolution of translational accuracy -- 12.4 The maintenance of the integrity of DNA -- 12.5 Balancing the costs and benefits of accuracy -- 12.6 Optimal accuracy of translation in reproductive and somatic cells -- 12.7 Evolution of ageing and longevity -- 12.8 Predictions and conclusions -- References -- 13 Diversity and accuracy in molecular evolution: sketches past, present and future -- 13.1 Sketch I -- 13.2 Sketch II -- 13.3 Sketch III -- 13.4 Sketch IV -- 13.5 Sketch V -- 13.6 Sketch VI -- 13.7 Sketch VII -- 13.7 Sketch VIII -- References.
    Abstract: Molecular biology proceeds at unremitting pace to unfold new secrets of the living world. Biology, long regarded as an inexact companion to physics and chemistry, has undergone transformation. Now, chemical and physical principles are tools in understanding highly complex biomolecular processes, whose origin lies in a history of chance, constraint and natural selection. The accuracy of these processes, often remarkably high, is crucial to their self­ perpetuation, both individually and collectively, as ingredients of the organism as a whole. In this book are presented thirteen chapters which deal with various facets of the accuracy problem. Subjects covered include: the specificity of enzymes; the fidelity of synthesis of proteins; the replication and repair of DNA: general schemes for the enhancement of biological accuracy; selection for an optimal balance between the costs and benefits of accuracy; and the possible relevance of molecular mistakes to the process of ageing. The viewpoints are distinct, yet complementary, and the book as a whole offers to researchers and students the first comprehensive account of this growing field.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 An introduction to the problem of accuracy1.1 Setting the scene -- 1.2 Some preliminary concepts -- 1.3 The accuracy of enzymes -- 1.4 The role of kinetics in accuracy -- 1.5 Molecular accuracy in evolution -- 1.6 Accuracy in other information systems -- References -- 2 Errors and the integrity of genetic information transfer -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Theory -- 2.3 Experimental observations on protein errors and error feedback -- 2.4 Errors in the control of transcription and in the timing of cell cycle events -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 The specificity of enzyme-substrate interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Kinetics and thermodynamics -- 3.3 Rates of reaction and accuracy -- 3.4 Discrimination through binding -- 3.5 Molecular mechanisms -- 3.6 Molecular fit -- References -- 4 The charging of tRNA -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The basic problem in amino acid selection -- 4.3 The basic kinetic equations of specificity -- 4.4 The discovery of editing during amino acid selection -- 4.5 The editing reaction pathway: hydrolysis of mischarged tRNA versus hydrolysis of misactivated amino acid -- 4.6 The double-sieve editing mechanism -- 4.7 The economics of editing -- 4.8 The relative importance of the pre-transfer and post- transfer pathways -- 4.9 Chemical reaction mechanisms of editing -- 4.10 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases not requiring editing mechanisms -- References -- 5 The accuracy of mRNA-tRNA recognition -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 How specific is the process of translation? -- 5.3 Decoding of the third codon base -- 5.4 Tuning the codon-anticodon interaction -- 5.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- 6 The secret life of the ribosome -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Missense error frequencies -- 6.3 Bioenergetics of translation -- 6.4 Translation in vitro -- 6.5 Curious consequences of proofreading -- 6.6 Error coupling -- 6.7 Suppression of frameshift mutations -- 6.8 Modalities of error coupling -- 6.9 Concluding remarks -- References -- 7 The accuracy of RNA synthesis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Accuracy during RNA polymerization -- 7.3 Accuracy during initiation of RNA synthesis -- 7.4 Accuracy during termination of RNA synthesis -- 7.5 Accuracy during mRNA splicing -- 7.6 Accuracy during maturation of the 3? terminus of an mRNA -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8 DNA replication fidelity and base mispairing mutagenesis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Km discrimination model -- 8.3 Evidence in support of a Km discrimination model for fidelity -- 8.4 Further predictive potential of the Km model -- 8.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- 9 Stability and change through DNA repair -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Types of DNA damage and cellular responses -- 9.3 Removal repair -- 9.4 Recombinational repair -- 9.5 Replicative repair and induced mutagenesis -- 9.6 DNA damage and epigenetic change -- 9.7 Evolution of indirect mutagenesis -- 9.8 DNA repair effects in multicellular organisms -- References -- 10 Kinetic and probabilistic thinking in accuracy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Hidden principles behind the kinetic formalism -- 10.3 The sequestration effect -- 10.4 Kinetic modulation -- 10.5 Kinetic amplification -- 10.6 Recipes for calculation -- 10.7 Outlook -- References -- 11 Kinetic costs of accuracy in translation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Kinetic proofreading revisited -- 11.3 Displacements in enzymic selections -- 11.4 Displacements in kinetic proofreading -- 11.5 Kinetic proofreading in translation -- 11.6 Efficiency of biochemical pathways -- 11.7 Low cost translations -- 11.8 Optimal accuracy in translation -- 11.9 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Selection for optimal accuracy and the evolution of ageing -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Evolution of accuracy in primitive organisms -- 12.3 Evolution of translational accuracy -- 12.4 The maintenance of the integrity of DNA -- 12.5 Balancing the costs and benefits of accuracy -- 12.6 Optimal accuracy of translation in reproductive and somatic cells -- 12.7 Evolution of ageing and longevity -- 12.8 Predictions and conclusions -- References -- 13 Diversity and accuracy in molecular evolution: sketches past, present and future -- 13.1 Sketch I -- 13.2 Sketch II -- 13.3 Sketch III -- 13.4 Sketch IV -- 13.5 Sketch V -- 13.6 Sketch VI -- 13.7 Sketch VII -- 13.7 Sketch VIII -- References.
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  • 77
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Fourth edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Magnetic methods -- 2.1 Short history -- 2.2 Basic concepts and units -- 2.3 Magnetic properties of rocks -- 2.4 The geomagnetic field -- 2.5 Instruments of magnetic surveying -- 2.6 Survey layout and field procedure -- 2.7 Relative merits of horizontal, vertical and total-field measurements -- 2.8 Qualitative interpretation of magnetic anomalies -- 2.9 Quantitative interpretation -- 2.10 Effect of demagnetization -- 2.11 Some examples of magnetic investigations -- Problems -- 3 Gravitational methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Gravitational field of the earth -- 3.3 Measurement of gravity: absolute and relative measurements -- 3.4 Gravimeters -- 3.5 Field procedure -- 3.6 Corrections to gravity observations -- 3.7 The Bouguer anomaly -- 3.8 Density determinations -- 3.9 Interpretation -- 3.10 Depth determinations -- 3.11 Some theoretical aspects of gravity interpretation -- 3.12 Determination of total anomalous mass -- 3.13 Vertical derivatives of gravity -- 3.14 Illustrations of gravity surveys and interpretation -- 3.15 Note on marine gravity measurements -- Problems -- 4 Electrical methods -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Self-potential method -- 4.3 Earth resistivity -- 4.4 Some practical aspects of resistivity work -- 4.5 Vertical electrical sounding (VES) -- 4.6 Electrical mapping -- 4.7 Anisotropic earth -- Problems -- 5 Induced polarization -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Measures of IP -- 5.3 Origin of IP -- 5.4 Electromagnetic coupling -- 5.5 Example of an IP survey -- Problems -- 6 Electromagnetic continuous wave, transient-field and telluric methods -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Electromagnetic induction -- 6.3 Elliptic polarization -- 6.4 Free-space magnetic fields of low-frequency sources -- 6.5 Near and far fields -- 6.6 Classification of artificial source, continuous wave methods -- 6.7 Near-field CW methods -- 6.8 Far-field methods -- 6.9 Interpretational aids in EM prospecting -- 6.10 Depth penetration -- 6.11 Influence of overburden conductivity -- 6.12 Transient-field methods (time-domain EM) -- 6.13 Influence of magnetic permeability -- 6.14 Controlled-source electromagnetic sounding -- 6.15 Natural-field methods -- 6.16 Airborne measurements -- 6.17 Note on the design of electromagnetic coils -- Problems -- 7 Seismic methods -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Elastic constants and waves -- 7.3 The reflection method -- 7.4 The refraction method -- Problems -- 8 Radioactivity methods -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Theoretical background -- 8.3 Radioactivity of rocks -- 8.4 Radiation detectors and field procedure -- 8.5 Radon measurements -- 8.6 Radioactive density determinations -- 8.7 Airborne radioactivity measurements -- 9 Well logging in oil fields -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Permeable zones -- 9.3Archie’s law -- 9.4 Permeability-zone logs -- 9.5 Resistivity and conductivity logs -- 9.6 Porosity logs -- 9.7 Auxiliary logs and measurements -- 9.8 Basic log interpretation procedure -- 10 Miscellaneous methods and topics -- 10.1 Borehole magnetometer -- 10.2 Mise-à-la-masse method -- 10.3 Logging in crystalline rocks and coal fields -- 10.4 Geothermal methods -- 10.5 Geochemical prospecting -- 10.6 Optimum point and line spacing -- 10.7 Position location in airborne surveying -- 10.8 Composite surveys -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 The magnetic potential -- Appendix 2 Magnetized sphere and a magnetic dipole -- Appendix 3 Magnetic anomaly of a sphere -- Appendix 4 Measurement of susceptibility and remanence -- Appendix 5 Magnetic potential of a linear dipole and the anomalies of thin and thick sheets 362 Appendix 6 Demagnetization ‘factors’ for a rectangular parallelepiped -- Appendix 7 Electric potential -- Appendix 8 Apparent resistivities for dipole-diople configurations -- Appendix 9 Potential of a point current electrode on the surface of a horizontally-layered earth -- Appendix 10 Homogeneous, anisotropic earth (derivation of Eq. (4.73)) -- Appendix 11 Single-turn loop and other topics in electromagnetic methods -- Appendix 12 Acoustic impedance -- Appendix 13 Fourier transforms and convolution -- References -- Answers and hints.
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400940895
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Remote Sensing Applications
    DDC: 910.285
    Keywords: Geography ; Remote sensing
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400940758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Basic Principles of Electron Spin Resonance -- 2 Basic Instrumentation of Electron Spin Resonance -- 3 Nuclear Hyperfine Interaction -- 4 Analysis of Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Systems in the Liquid Phase -- 5 Interpretation of Hyperfine Splittings in ?-type Organic Radicals -- 6 Mechanism of Hyperfine Splittings in Conjugated Systems -- 7 Anisotropic Interactions in Oriented Systems with S = 1/2 -- 8 Interpretation of the ESR Spectra of Systems in the Solid State -- 9 Time-dependent Phenomena -- 10 Energy-level Splitting in Zero Magnetic Field; The Triplet State -- 11 Transition-metal Ions. I. -- 12 Transition-metal Ions. II. Electron Resonance in the Gas Phase -- 13. Double-resonance Techniques -- 14. Biological Applications of Electron Spin Resonance -- Appendix A. Mathematical Operations -- A-1 Complex Numbers -- A-2 Operator Algebra -- A-2a Properties of Operators -- A-2b Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions -- A-3 Determinants -- A-4 Vectors: Scalar, Vector, and Outer Products -- A-5 Matrices -- A-5a Addition and Subtraction of Matrices -- A-5b Multiplication of Matrices -- A-5c Special Matrices and Matrix Properties -- A-5d Dirac Notation for Wave Functions and Matrix Elements -- A-5e Diagonalization of Matrices -- A-6 Tensors -- A-7 Perturbation Theory -- A-8 Euler Angles -- Problems -- Appendix B. Quantum Mechanics of Angular Momentum -- B-1 Introduction -- B-2 Angular-momentum Operators -- B-3 The Commutation Relations for the Angular-momentum Operators -- B-6 Angular-momentum Matrices -- B-7 Addition of Angular Momenta -- B-8 Summary -- Problems -- C-1 The Hamiltonian for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-2 The Spin Eigenfunctions and the Energy Matrix for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-3 Exact Solution of the Determinant of the Energy Matrix (Secular Determinant) -- C-4 Selection Rules for High-field Magnetic-dipole Transitions in the Hydrogen Atom -- C-5 The Transition Frequencies in Constant Magnetic Field with a Varying Microwave Frequency -- C-6 The Resonant Magnetic Fields at Constant Microwave Frequency -- C-7 Calculation of the Energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom by Perturbation Theory -- C-8 Wave Functions and Allowed Transitions for the Hydrogen Atom at Low Magnetic Fields -- Problems -- Appendix D. Experimental Methods; Spectrometer Performance -- D-1 Sensitivity -- D-2 Factors Affecting Sensitivity and Resolution -- D-2a Modulation Amplitude -- D-2b Modulation Frequency -- D-2c Microwave Power Level -- D-2d The Concentration of Paramagnetic Centers -- D-2e Temperature -- D-2g Microwave Frequency -- D-2h Signal Averaging -- D-3 Absolute Intensity Measurements -- Problems -- Table of Symbols -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In the twenty-five years since its discovery by Zavoiskii, the technique of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has provided detailed struc­ tural information on a variety of paramagnetic organic and inorganic sys­ tems. It is doubtful that even much later than 1945 any chemist would have been so bold as to predict the great diversity of systems which have proved amenable to study by ESR spectroscopy. In this book we have attempted to provide numerous examples of actual ESR spectra to illus­ trate the wide scope of application. No attempt has been made to present a comprehensive coverage of the literature in any field, but references to reviews and key articles are given throughout the book. This introductory textbook had its origin in lecture notes prepared for an American Chemical Society short course on electron spin resonance. The present version is the result of extensive revision and expansion of the original notes. Experience with such courses has convinced us that there are large numbers of chemists, physicists, and biologists who have a strong interest in electron spin resonance. The mathematical training of most of the short-course students is limited to calculus. Their contact with theories of molecular structure is largely limited to that obtained in an elementary physical chemistry course. It is to an audience of such background that this book is directed.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Basic Principles of Electron Spin Resonance2 Basic Instrumentation of Electron Spin Resonance -- 3 Nuclear Hyperfine Interaction -- 4 Analysis of Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Systems in the Liquid Phase -- 5 Interpretation of Hyperfine Splittings in ?-type Organic Radicals -- 6 Mechanism of Hyperfine Splittings in Conjugated Systems -- 7 Anisotropic Interactions in Oriented Systems with S = 1/2 -- 8 Interpretation of the ESR Spectra of Systems in the Solid State -- 9 Time-dependent Phenomena -- 10 Energy-level Splitting in Zero Magnetic Field; The Triplet State -- 11 Transition-metal Ions. I. -- 12 Transition-metal Ions. II. Electron Resonance in the Gas Phase -- 13. Double-resonance Techniques -- 14. Biological Applications of Electron Spin Resonance -- Appendix A. Mathematical Operations -- A-1 Complex Numbers -- A-2 Operator Algebra -- A-2a Properties of Operators -- A-2b Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions -- A-3 Determinants -- A-4 Vectors: Scalar, Vector, and Outer Products -- A-5 Matrices -- A-5a Addition and Subtraction of Matrices -- A-5b Multiplication of Matrices -- A-5c Special Matrices and Matrix Properties -- A-5d Dirac Notation for Wave Functions and Matrix Elements -- A-5e Diagonalization of Matrices -- A-6 Tensors -- A-7 Perturbation Theory -- A-8 Euler Angles -- Problems -- Appendix B. Quantum Mechanics of Angular Momentum -- B-1 Introduction -- B-2 Angular-momentum Operators -- B-3 The Commutation Relations for the Angular-momentum Operators -- B-6 Angular-momentum Matrices -- B-7 Addition of Angular Momenta -- B-8 Summary -- Problems -- C-1 The Hamiltonian for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-2 The Spin Eigenfunctions and the Energy Matrix for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-3 Exact Solution of the Determinant of the Energy Matrix (Secular Determinant) -- C-4 Selection Rules for High-field Magnetic-dipole Transitions in the Hydrogen Atom -- C-5 The Transition Frequencies in Constant Magnetic Field with a Varying Microwave Frequency -- C-6 The Resonant Magnetic Fields at Constant Microwave Frequency -- C-7 Calculation of the Energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom by Perturbation Theory -- C-8 Wave Functions and Allowed Transitions for the Hydrogen Atom at Low Magnetic Fields -- Problems -- Appendix D. Experimental Methods; Spectrometer Performance -- D-1 Sensitivity -- D-2 Factors Affecting Sensitivity and Resolution -- D-2a Modulation Amplitude -- D-2b Modulation Frequency -- D-2c Microwave Power Level -- D-2d The Concentration of Paramagnetic Centers -- D-2e Temperature -- D-2g Microwave Frequency -- D-2h Signal Averaging -- D-3 Absolute Intensity Measurements -- Problems -- Table of Symbols -- Name Index.
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400940994
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Standard enthalpies of formation derived from experimental data -- 1.1 Data tables -- 1.2 Processing of experimental data -- 2 Prediction of standard enthalpies of formation -- 2.1 Component enthalpies -- 2.2 Determination of values for component enthalpies -- 2.3 Summary -- 2.4 Uncertainties on values for component enthalpies -- 2.5 Comparison of calculated and experimental values -- 3 Group interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Derivation of values for group interactions -- 4 Interpretation of group interactions: prediction of unknown values for component enthalpies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Alkanes -- 4.3 Alkenes and alkynes -- 4.4 Monofunctional compounds -- 4.5 Polyfunctional compounds -- 4.6 Summary -- 5 Future developments -- 5.1 Experimental data files -- 5.2 Parametric schemes -- 5.3 Software development -- Table 1.2 Experimental thermochemical data -- Table 1.3 Standard enthalpies of formation for inorganic compounds -- References -- Name index -- Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number Index.
    Abstract: The purpose of the material in this book is to enable users of thermochemical data to predict values for standard enthalpies ofreactions involving organic compounds ranging in complex­ ity from simple alkanes to biologically important compounds such as amino acids. Chapter 1 contains tables of values for standard enthalpies of formation derived from experimental data for approximately 3000 organic compounds of the elements C, H, 0, N, S and halogens; Chapters 2 to 4 describe a simple scheme for predicting unknown values of standard enthalpies of formation. Data presented in the book are stored in a data base at the University of Sussex and with associated software provides a simple but efficient method for dealing with thermochemical problems in organic chemistry. The experimental data used in the computer calculation of the values for standard enthal­ pies of formation are clearly indicated in Table 1.2. Where alternative values for a given standard enthalpy of formation may be derived, from independent measurements, we have clearly indicated those which are regarded by the assessors as definitive and which are therefore used to derive the value for the compound concerned. We do not, however, give reasons for the assessors choice nor are details given of experimental techniques. The literature search for suitable references was discontinued in 1983 to allow development of the predictive scheme and the computer techniques for handling the data.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Standard enthalpies of formation derived from experimental data1.1 Data tables -- 1.2 Processing of experimental data -- 2 Prediction of standard enthalpies of formation -- 2.1 Component enthalpies -- 2.2 Determination of values for component enthalpies -- 2.3 Summary -- 2.4 Uncertainties on values for component enthalpies -- 2.5 Comparison of calculated and experimental values -- 3 Group interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Derivation of values for group interactions -- 4 Interpretation of group interactions: prediction of unknown values for component enthalpies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Alkanes -- 4.3 Alkenes and alkynes -- 4.4 Monofunctional compounds -- 4.5 Polyfunctional compounds -- 4.6 Summary -- 5 Future developments -- 5.1 Experimental data files -- 5.2 Parametric schemes -- 5.3 Software development -- Table 1.2 Experimental thermochemical data -- Table 1.3 Standard enthalpies of formation for inorganic compounds -- References -- Name index -- Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number Index.
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Manufacturing Engineering: Definition and Purpose -- 2 Fundamentals of Supervising -- 3 Work Simplification -- 4 Manufacturing Engineering Methods -- 5 Manufacturing Standards for Setting Labor Costs -- 6 Standard Manufacturing Process -- 7 Soldering -- 8 Mechanical Assembly -- 9 Plastic-Coated Electronic Equipment -- 10 Adhesive Bonding -- 11 Rework and Repair -- 12 Printed Circuit Processing and Assembly -- 13 Safety -- 14 Reference Tables -- 15 Terminology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Manufacturing Engineering: Definition and Purpose2 Fundamentals of Supervising -- 3 Work Simplification -- 4 Manufacturing Engineering Methods -- 5 Manufacturing Standards for Setting Labor Costs -- 6 Standard Manufacturing Process -- 7 Soldering -- 8 Mechanical Assembly -- 9 Plastic-Coated Electronic Equipment -- 10 Adhesive Bonding -- 11 Rework and Repair -- 12 Printed Circuit Processing and Assembly -- 13 Safety -- 14 Reference Tables -- 15 Terminology.
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Random Signals -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Characterization and Classification -- 1.2 Correlation and Covariance Functions -- 1.3 Gaussian Processes and Wiener Processes -- 1.4 Poisson Process -- 1.5 Mean Square Calculus -- 1.6 Markov Process -- 1.7 Renewal Process -- 1.8 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 2 Stationary Random Signals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Linear Systems with Random Signal Input -- 2.3 Cross Covariance and Coherence -- 2.4 Narrowband Noise Process -- 2.5 Orthogonal Expansion and Sampling -- 2.6 Ergodicity and Entropy -- 2.7 Zero Crossing Detectors -- 2.8 Nonlinear Systems -- 2.9 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 3 Estimation, Optimization, and Detection -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Sampling Distribution -- 3.2 Estimation of Parameter: Point Estimation -- 3.3 Estimation Criteria -- 3.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation -- 3.5 Linear Mean Square Estimation -- 3.6 Method of Least Squares: Regression Models -- 3.7 Interval Estimation: Confidence Interval -- 3.8 Cramer-Rao Inequality -- 3.9 Estimation in Colored Noise -- 3.10 Optimum Linear Filters -- 3.11 Signal Detection -- 3.12 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 4 Spectral Analysis -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 The Periodogram Approach -- 4.2 Spectral Windows -- 4.3 Autoregressive Method -- 4.4 The Maximum Entropy Method -- 4.5 Maximum Likelihood Estimator -- 4.6 Pisarenko and Prony Methods -- 4.7 Adaptive Lattices Method -- 4.8 Cross Spectral Estimation -- 4.9 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 5 Prediction, Filtering, and Identification -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 State Space Representation -- 5.2 The Innovation Process -- 5.3 Linear Prediction and Kalman Filtering -- 5.4 Smoothing -- 5.5 Extended Kalman Filtering -- 5.6 System Identification -- 5.7 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 1. Linear Systems Analysis -- Appendix 2. Probability -- Appendix 3. Stochastic Integrals -- Appendix 4. Hilbert Space.
    Abstract: The techniques used for the extraction of information from received or ob­ served signals are applicable in many diverse areas such as radar, sonar, communications, geophysics, remote sensing, acoustics, meteorology, med­ ical imaging systems, and electronics warfare. The received signal is usually disturbed by thermal, electrical, atmospheric, channel, or intentional inter­ ferences. The received signal cannot be predicted deterministically, so that statistical methods are needed to describe the signal. In general, therefore, any received signal is analyzed as a random signal or process. The purpose of this book is to provide an elementary introduction to random signal analysis, estimation, filtering, and identification. The emphasis of the book is on the computational aspects as well as presentation of com­ mon analytical tools for systems involving random signals. The book covers random processes, stationary signals, spectral analysis, estimation, optimiz­ ation, detection, spectrum estimation, prediction, filtering, and identification. The book is addressed to practicing engineers and scientists. It can be used as a text for courses in the areas of random processes, estimation theory, and system identification by undergraduates and graduate students in engineer­ ing and science with some background in probability and linear algebra. Part of the book has been used by the author while teaching at State University of New York at Buffalo and California State University at Long Beach. Some of the algorithms presented in this book have been successfully applied to industrial projects.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Random Signals1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Characterization and Classification -- 1.2 Correlation and Covariance Functions -- 1.3 Gaussian Processes and Wiener Processes -- 1.4 Poisson Process -- 1.5 Mean Square Calculus -- 1.6 Markov Process -- 1.7 Renewal Process -- 1.8 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 2 Stationary Random Signals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Linear Systems with Random Signal Input -- 2.3 Cross Covariance and Coherence -- 2.4 Narrowband Noise Process -- 2.5 Orthogonal Expansion and Sampling -- 2.6 Ergodicity and Entropy -- 2.7 Zero Crossing Detectors -- 2.8 Nonlinear Systems -- 2.9 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 3 Estimation, Optimization, and Detection -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Sampling Distribution -- 3.2 Estimation of Parameter: Point Estimation -- 3.3 Estimation Criteria -- 3.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation -- 3.5 Linear Mean Square Estimation -- 3.6 Method of Least Squares: Regression Models -- 3.7 Interval Estimation: Confidence Interval -- 3.8 Cramer-Rao Inequality -- 3.9 Estimation in Colored Noise -- 3.10 Optimum Linear Filters -- 3.11 Signal Detection -- 3.12 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 4 Spectral Analysis -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 The Periodogram Approach -- 4.2 Spectral Windows -- 4.3 Autoregressive Method -- 4.4 The Maximum Entropy Method -- 4.5 Maximum Likelihood Estimator -- 4.6 Pisarenko and Prony Methods -- 4.7 Adaptive Lattices Method -- 4.8 Cross Spectral Estimation -- 4.9 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- 5 Prediction, Filtering, and Identification -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 State Space Representation -- 5.2 The Innovation Process -- 5.3 Linear Prediction and Kalman Filtering -- 5.4 Smoothing -- 5.5 Extended Kalman Filtering -- 5.6 System Identification -- 5.7 Bibliographical Notes -- Exercises -- Appendix 1. Linear Systems Analysis -- Appendix 2. Probability -- Appendix 3. Stochastic Integrals -- Appendix 4. Hilbert Space.
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    ISBN: 9789401173643
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 930.1
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General Aspects of the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing for Resources Exploration in Developing Countries2. Present Status of Microwave Remote Sensing from Space with Respect to Natural Resources Monitoring -- 3. SPOT: The First Operational Remote Sensing Satellite -- 4. Spacelab Metric Camera Experiments -- 5. Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and Related Technologies -- 6. Selected Features of the SEASAT Satellite -- 7. First Results of the European Spacelab Photogrammetric Camera Mission -- 8. Thematic Mapping of Natural Resources with the Modular Optoelectronic Multispectral Scanner (MOMS) -- 9. Availability of Remotely Sensed Data and Information from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Satellite Data Services Division -- 10. A Future Outlook -- 11. Interpretation and Application of Spaceborne Imaging Radar Data to Geologic Problems -- List of Participants.
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    ISBN: 9789401169585
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What are numerical methods? -- 1.2 Numerical methods versus numerical analysis -- 1.3 Why use numerical methods? -- 1.4 Approximate equations and approximate solutions -- 1.5 The use of numerical methods -- 1.6 Errors -- 1.7 Non-dimensional equations -- 1.8 The use of computers -- 2 The solution of equations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Location of initial estimates -- 2.3 Interval halving -- 2.4 Simple iteration -- 2.5 Convergence -- 2.6 Aitken’s extrapolation -- 2.7 Damped simple iteration -- 2.8 Newton-Raphson method -- 2.9 Extended Newton’s method -- 2.10 Other iterative methods -- 2.11 Polynomial equations -- 2.12 Bairstow’s method 56 Worked examples 58 Problems -- 3 Simultaneous equations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Elimination methods -- 3.3 Gaussian elimination -- 3.4 Extensions to the basic algorithm -- 3.5 Operation count for the basic algorithm -- 3.6 Tridiagonal systems -- 3.7 Extensions to the Thomas algorithm -- 3.8 Iterative methods for linear systems -- 3.9 Matrix inversion -- 3.10 The method of least squares -- 3.11 The method of differential correction -- 3.12 Simple iteration for non-linear systems -- 3.13 Newton’s method for non-linear systems -- Worked examples -- Problems -- 4 Interpolation, differentiation and integration -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Finite difference operators -- 4.3 Difference tables -- 4.4 Interpolation -- 4.5 Newton’s forward formula -- 4.6 Newton’s backward formula -- 4.7 Stirling’s central difference formula -- 4.8 Numerical differentiation -- 4.9 Truncation errors -- 4.10 Summary of differentiation formulae -- 4.11 Differentiation at non-tabular points: maxima and minima -- 4.12 Numerical integration -- 4.13 Error estimation -- 4.14 Integration using backward differences -- 4.15 Summary of integration formulae -- 4.16 Reducing the truncation error 146 Worked examples 149 Problems -- 5 Ordinary differential equations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Euler’s method -- 5.3 Solution using Taylor’s series -- 5.4 The modified Euler method -- 5.5 Predictor-corrector methods -- 5.6 Milne’s method, Adams’ method, and Hamming’s method -- 5.7 Starting procedure for predictor-corrector methods -- 5.8 Estimation of error of predictor-corrector methods -- 5.9 Runge-Kutta methods -- 5.10 Runge-Kutta-Merson method -- 5.11 Application to higher-order equations and to systems -- 5.12 Two-point boundary value problems -- 5.13 Non-linear two-point boundary value problems 198 Worked examples 199 Problems -- 6 Partial differential equations I — elliptic equations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The approximation of elliptic equations -- 6.3 Boundary conditions -- 6.4 Non-dimensional equations again -- 6.5 Method of solution -- 6.6 The accuracy of the solution -- 6.7 Use of Richardson’s extrapolation -- 6.8 Other boundary conditions -- 6.9 Relaxation by hand-calculation -- 6.10 Non-rectangular solution regions -- 6.11 Higher-order equations 238 Problems -- 7 Partial differential equations II — parabolic equations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The conduction equation -- 7.3 Non-dimensional equations yet again -- 7.4 Notation -- 7.5 An explicit method -- 7.6 Consistency -- 7.7 The Dufort-Frankel method -- 7.8 Convergence -- 7.9 Stability -- 7.10 An unstable finite difference approximation -- 7.11 Richardson’s extrapolation 261 Worked examples 262 Problems -- 8 Integral methods for the solution of boundary value problems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Integral methods -- 8.3 Implementation of integral methods 271 Worked examples 278 Problems -- Suggestions for further reading.
    Abstract: This book is designed for an introductory course in numerical methods for students of engineering and science at universities and colleges of advanced education. It is an outgrowth of a course of lectures and tutorials (problem­ solving sessions) which the author has given for a number of years at the University of New South Wales and elsewhere. The course is normally taught at the rate of 1i hours per week throughout an academic year (28 weeks). It has occasionally been given at double this rate over half the year, but it was found that students had insufficient time to absorb the material and experiment with the methods. The material presented here is rather more than has been taught in anyone year, although all of it has been taught at some time. The book is concerned with the application of numerical methods to the solution of equations - algebraic, transcendental and differential - which will be encountered by students during their training and their careers. The theoretical foundation for the methods is not rigorously covered. Engineers and applied scientists (but not, of course, mathematicians) are more con­ cerned with using methods than with proving that they can be used. However, they 'must be satisfied that the methods are fit to be used, and it is hoped that students will perform sufficient numerical experiments to con­ vince themselves of this without the need for more than the minimum of theory which is presented here.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 What are numerical methods? -- 1.2 Numerical methods versus numerical analysis -- 1.3 Why use numerical methods? -- 1.4 Approximate equations and approximate solutions -- 1.5 The use of numerical methods -- 1.6 Errors -- 1.7 Non-dimensional equations -- 1.8 The use of computers -- 2 The solution of equations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Location of initial estimates -- 2.3 Interval halving -- 2.4 Simple iteration -- 2.5 Convergence -- 2.6 Aitken’s extrapolation -- 2.7 Damped simple iteration -- 2.8 Newton-Raphson method -- 2.9 Extended Newton’s method -- 2.10 Other iterative methods -- 2.11 Polynomial equations -- 2.12 Bairstow’s method 56 Worked examples 58 Problems -- 3 Simultaneous equations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Elimination methods -- 3.3 Gaussian elimination -- 3.4 Extensions to the basic algorithm -- 3.5 Operation count for the basic algorithm -- 3.6 Tridiagonal systems -- 3.7 Extensions to the Thomas algorithm -- 3.8 Iterative methods for linear systems -- 3.9 Matrix inversion -- 3.10 The method of least squares -- 3.11 The method of differential correction -- 3.12 Simple iteration for non-linear systems -- 3.13 Newton’s method for non-linear systems -- Worked examples -- Problems -- 4 Interpolation, differentiation and integration -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Finite difference operators -- 4.3 Difference tables -- 4.4 Interpolation -- 4.5 Newton’s forward formula -- 4.6 Newton’s backward formula -- 4.7 Stirling’s central difference formula -- 4.8 Numerical differentiation -- 4.9 Truncation errors -- 4.10 Summary of differentiation formulae -- 4.11 Differentiation at non-tabular points: maxima and minima -- 4.12 Numerical integration -- 4.13 Error estimation -- 4.14 Integration using backward differences -- 4.15 Summary of integration formulae -- 4.16 Reducing the truncation error 146 Worked examples 149 Problems -- 5 Ordinary differential equations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Euler’s method -- 5.3 Solution using Taylor’s series -- 5.4 The modified Euler method -- 5.5 Predictor-corrector methods -- 5.6 Milne’s method, Adams’ method, and Hamming’s method -- 5.7 Starting procedure for predictor-corrector methods -- 5.8 Estimation of error of predictor-corrector methods -- 5.9 Runge-Kutta methods -- 5.10 Runge-Kutta-Merson method -- 5.11 Application to higher-order equations and to systems -- 5.12 Two-point boundary value problems -- 5.13 Non-linear two-point boundary value problems 198 Worked examples 199 Problems -- 6 Partial differential equations I - elliptic equations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The approximation of elliptic equations -- 6.3 Boundary conditions -- 6.4 Non-dimensional equations again -- 6.5 Method of solution -- 6.6 The accuracy of the solution -- 6.7 Use of Richardson’s extrapolation -- 6.8 Other boundary conditions -- 6.9 Relaxation by hand-calculation -- 6.10 Non-rectangular solution regions -- 6.11 Higher-order equations 238 Problems -- 7 Partial differential equations II - parabolic equations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The conduction equation -- 7.3 Non-dimensional equations yet again -- 7.4 Notation -- 7.5 An explicit method -- 7.6 Consistency -- 7.7 The Dufort-Frankel method -- 7.8 Convergence -- 7.9 Stability -- 7.10 An unstable finite difference approximation -- 7.11 Richardson’s extrapolation 261 Worked examples 262 Problems -- 8 Integral methods for the solution of boundary value problems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Integral methods -- 8.3 Implementation of integral methods 271 Worked examples 278 Problems -- Suggestions for further reading.
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    ISBN: 9789401174688
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- What is an automated manufacturing system? -- Why is production planning and control important? -- 2: Automated Manufacturing Systems and Production Planning and Control -- Factors affecting production planning and control -- Conclusion -- 3: Traditional Production Planning and Control -- Planning hierarchy -- Master production scheduling (MPS): medium term -- Materials requirements planning (MRP) -- Job shop scheduling: short term -- Conclusion -- 4: Production Planning and Control Structure for Automated Manufacturing Systems -- Advanced factory management system -- Automated manufacturing research facility -- Comparison of AFMS and AMRF -- Conclusion -- 5: Factory Level Control -- Financial systems -- Computer aided design -- Process planning -- Master production scheduling I -- Materials requirements planning -- Data output to shop level -- Conclusion -- 6: Shop Level Control -- Master production scheduling II -- On-line scheduling -- Specific data requirements -- Mailbox approaches -- Conclusion -- 7: Cell Level Control -- CCS classification -- What is a cell? -- CCS operational modes -- Conclusion -- 8: Equipment Level Control -- What is meant by equipment? -- Equipment level control structure -- Conclusion -- 9: Conclusion and Future Trends -- Overall production planning and control functions -- Future trends -- Conclusion -- Appendix I: Master Production Scheduling II -- References.
    Abstract: Master production scheduling II 60 On-line scheduling 65 Specific data requirements 69 Mailbox approaches 70 Conclusion 72 Chapter 7: Cell Level Control 75 Introduction 75 CCS classification 77 What is a cell? 78 CCS operational modes 80 Conclusion 86 Chapter 8: Equipment Level Control 89 Introduction 89 What is meant by equipment? 90 Equipment level control structure 92 Conclusion 94 Chapter 9: Conclusion and Future Trends 95 Overall production planning and control functions 98 Future trends 100 Conclusion 102 Appendix I: Master Production Scheduling II 103 References 107 Index 109 Preface This book is intended as an introduction to production planning and control of automated manufacturing systems. As such, it links together two diverse fields of interest: in the area of production planning and control there is a large body of work completed in analytical models, computer structures and overall systems; equally, for the hardware and detailed control aspects of the equipment used (for example, NC machines, robots, etc), comprehensive studies have also been completed. To cover each area fully would result in a work of several volumes. Instead, this book stresses the important elements of both areas that are vital to effective production planning and control of the whole automated manufacturing system.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: IntroductionWhat is an automated manufacturing system? -- Why is production planning and control important? -- 2: Automated Manufacturing Systems and Production Planning and Control -- Factors affecting production planning and control -- Conclusion -- 3: Traditional Production Planning and Control -- Planning hierarchy -- Master production scheduling (MPS): medium term -- Materials requirements planning (MRP) -- Job shop scheduling: short term -- Conclusion -- 4: Production Planning and Control Structure for Automated Manufacturing Systems -- Advanced factory management system -- Automated manufacturing research facility -- Comparison of AFMS and AMRF -- Conclusion -- 5: Factory Level Control -- Financial systems -- Computer aided design -- Process planning -- Master production scheduling I -- Materials requirements planning -- Data output to shop level -- Conclusion -- 6: Shop Level Control -- Master production scheduling II -- On-line scheduling -- Specific data requirements -- Mailbox approaches -- Conclusion -- 7: Cell Level Control -- CCS classification -- What is a cell? -- CCS operational modes -- Conclusion -- 8: Equipment Level Control -- What is meant by equipment? -- Equipment level control structure -- Conclusion -- 9: Conclusion and Future Trends -- Overall production planning and control functions -- Future trends -- Conclusion -- Appendix I: Master Production Scheduling II -- References.
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401093668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Acoustical Fundamentals for the Recording Engineer -- 2. Microphones -- 3. Basic Stereophonic Imaging Techniques -- 4. Audio Transmission Systems -- 5. Monitor Loudspeakers and the Monitoring Environment -- 6. Signal Processing Devices and Applications -- 7. Classical Recording Production Techniques -- 8. Popular Record Production Techniques -- 9. Analog Magnetic Recording -- 10. Analog Disc Recording and Reproduction -- 11. Digital Recording -- 12. The Low-Cost Studio: An Overview.
    Abstract: The Handbook of Recording Engineering is a logical outgrowth of the first two editions of Sound Recording. The ten years since the first edition have seen no slackening in the development of recording technology, and they have wit­ nessed an almost phenomenal growth in the teaching of recording and audio engineering at all academic levels. The earlier editions of Sound Recording have been widely used as texts at all educational levels, and it is the author's intent in the Handbook of Recording Engineering to produce a book which is even more suited to these purposes. At the same time, the book has been organized as a true handbook, which presents of reference material in easily accessible form. a broad array The organization of the book is unique in that it progresses as the signal transmission chain itself does-from the recording venue on through the micro­ phone, transmission channel, and finally to the listening environment. The first six chapters thus form a logical sequence, and the author recommends that in­ structors using the Handbook follow them accordingly. Chapter One presents a discussion of acoustical fundamentals, including an introduction to some basic psychoacoustical considerations having to do with performance spaces. Chapter Two covers the basic operating principles of mi­ crophones, while Chapter Three extends the discussion of microphones to cover the entire range of stereophonic imaging phenomena.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Acoustical Fundamentals for the Recording Engineer2. Microphones -- 3. Basic Stereophonic Imaging Techniques -- 4. Audio Transmission Systems -- 5. Monitor Loudspeakers and the Monitoring Environment -- 6. Signal Processing Devices and Applications -- 7. Classical Recording Production Techniques -- 8. Popular Record Production Techniques -- 9. Analog Magnetic Recording -- 10. Analog Disc Recording and Reproduction -- 11. Digital Recording -- 12. The Low-Cost Studio: An Overview.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789401167680
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- Definitions of ‘robot’ and ‘robotics’ -- Other definitions in robotics -- Connections between robotics and some related subjects -- Bibliographic notes -- 2: Geometric configurations for robots -- The distinction between arms and vehicles -- Structural elements of manipulators -- Degrees of freedom and number of joints -- Types of joint -- Construction of joints -- Parallel linkages -- Constrained linkages -- Distributed manipulators -- Robot transporters and workpiece positioners -- Arm configuations -- Tension structures -- Wrists -- End effectors (grippers, tools and hands) -- Bibliographic notes -- 3: Operation, programming and control of industrial robots -- Types of industrial robot and their methods of operation -- Methods of teaching and programming -- Types of controller and program memory -- Analysis and control -- Programming languages for industrial robots -- Bibliographic notes -- 4: Actuators for robots -- Pneumatic actuation -- Hydraulic actuation -- Hydrostatic circuits -- Electric actuation -- Mechanical transmission methods -- Bibliographic notes -- 5: Sensing for robots -- Joint angle -- Joint angular velocity -- Rectilinear position -- Force and torque -- Proximity sensing and range measurement -- Touch sensing -- Vision -- Types of computer vision -- Non-visual sensing in welding and other processes -- Bibliographic notes -- 6: Performance specifications of industrial robots -- Geometric configuration; number of axes -- Positioning accuracy and repeatability -- Angular accuracy and repeatability -- Speed -- Speed and acceleration accuracy -- Spatial specifications: working volume, swept area, reach -- Payload (maximum load capacity) -- Control-related specifications -- Vibration -- Miscellaneous specifications -- Bibliographic notes -- 7: Applications of industrial robots -- Machine loading -- Pallet loading and unloading -- Investment casting -- Spot welding -- Arc welding -- Spraying (paint, enamel, epoxy resin and other coatings) -- Fettling (grinding, chiselling); polishing -- Cutting -- Inspection -- Training and education; hobby robots -- Robots in assembly -- New applications for industrial robots -- Integration of industrial robots into the workplace -- Bibliographic notes -- 8: Teleoperated arms -- Methods of control -- Special characteristics of teleoperators -- Applications of teleoperators -- Computer assisted teleoperation -- Bibliographic notes -- 9: Mobile robots -- Land surface robots -- Legged robots -- Robot submersibles -- Robots in air and space -- Bibliographic notes -- 10: Automated guided vehicles -- Automated guided vehicle technology -- Bibliographic notes -- 11: Robotics and artificial intelligence -- Vision -- Voice communication -- Planning -- Modelling -- Adaptive control -- Error monitoring and recovery -- Autonomy and intelligence in robots -- Expert systems in robotics -- Bibliographic notes -- 12: Economic and social aspects of robotics -- Reasons for installing robots -- Economic costs and benefits of installing industrial robots -- Acceptability of industrial robots by the workforce -- Employment -- Other social issues of robotics -- Bibliographic notes -- References and Bibliography.
    Abstract: Methods of contro1151 Mechanical master-slave telemanipulators 151 Powered telemanipulators 152 Servo control of unilateral telemanipulators 152 Bilateral servo manipulators 155 Special characteristics of teleoperators 158 Design criteria for teleoperators 159 Vehicles and transporters 160 Applications of teleoperators 161 Remote handling of radioactive materials 161 Remote handling of explosive and toxic materials 161 Telemanipulation of heavy objects 163 Underwater teleoperation 163 Teleoperation in space and planetary exploration 164 Telemanipulators for the disabled 164 Computer assisted teleoperation 166 Bibliographic notes 170 Chapter 9: Mobile robots 171 Introduction 171 Land surface robots 171 Arrangements of wheels and tracks 171 Unusual wheel and track arrangements 172 Navigation for land vehicles 174 Teleoperation 174 Dead reckoning 175 Inertial navigation 175 Tracking from a fixed base; beacons 175 Satellite navigation 175 Map matching 175 Wall following 176 Route planning 176 Control and communication 176 Sensors for mobile robots 177 Body orientation and angular rates 1 77 Body position, speed and acceleration 177 Terrain scanning 178 Types and applications of mobile robots 179 Education and research 179 Remote handling 183 Military mobile robots 183 Fire-fighting and rescue 187 Construction 188 Mining 188 Planetary exploration 188 Legged robots 188 Comparison of legs and wheels 189 Leg number and arrangement 189 Leg number 189 Leg disposition 190 Relative leg length 190 Leg construction 190 Control 191 Climbing robots 195 Robot submersibles 196 Uses of submersible robots 199 Robots in air and space 201 Space 202 Bibliographic notes 204 Chapter 10: Automated guided vehicles 205.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: IntroductionDefinitions of ‘robot’ and ‘robotics’ -- Other definitions in robotics -- Connections between robotics and some related subjects -- Bibliographic notes -- 2: Geometric configurations for robots -- The distinction between arms and vehicles -- Structural elements of manipulators -- Degrees of freedom and number of joints -- Types of joint -- Construction of joints -- Parallel linkages -- Constrained linkages -- Distributed manipulators -- Robot transporters and workpiece positioners -- Arm configuations -- Tension structures -- Wrists -- End effectors (grippers, tools and hands) -- Bibliographic notes -- 3: Operation, programming and control of industrial robots -- Types of industrial robot and their methods of operation -- Methods of teaching and programming -- Types of controller and program memory -- Analysis and control -- Programming languages for industrial robots -- Bibliographic notes -- 4: Actuators for robots -- Pneumatic actuation -- Hydraulic actuation -- Hydrostatic circuits -- Electric actuation -- Mechanical transmission methods -- Bibliographic notes -- 5: Sensing for robots -- Joint angle -- Joint angular velocity -- Rectilinear position -- Force and torque -- Proximity sensing and range measurement -- Touch sensing -- Vision -- Types of computer vision -- Non-visual sensing in welding and other processes -- Bibliographic notes -- 6: Performance specifications of industrial robots -- Geometric configuration; number of axes -- Positioning accuracy and repeatability -- Angular accuracy and repeatability -- Speed -- Speed and acceleration accuracy -- Spatial specifications: working volume, swept area, reach -- Payload (maximum load capacity) -- Control-related specifications -- Vibration -- Miscellaneous specifications -- Bibliographic notes -- 7: Applications of industrial robots -- Machine loading -- Pallet loading and unloading -- Investment casting -- Spot welding -- Arc welding -- Spraying (paint, enamel, epoxy resin and other coatings) -- Fettling (grinding, chiselling); polishing -- Cutting -- Inspection -- Training and education; hobby robots -- Robots in assembly -- New applications for industrial robots -- Integration of industrial robots into the workplace -- Bibliographic notes -- 8: Teleoperated arms -- Methods of control -- Special characteristics of teleoperators -- Applications of teleoperators -- Computer assisted teleoperation -- Bibliographic notes -- 9: Mobile robots -- Land surface robots -- Legged robots -- Robot submersibles -- Robots in air and space -- Bibliographic notes -- 10: Automated guided vehicles -- Automated guided vehicle technology -- Bibliographic notes -- 11: Robotics and artificial intelligence -- Vision -- Voice communication -- Planning -- Modelling -- Adaptive control -- Error monitoring and recovery -- Autonomy and intelligence in robots -- Expert systems in robotics -- Bibliographic notes -- 12: Economic and social aspects of robotics -- Reasons for installing robots -- Economic costs and benefits of installing industrial robots -- Acceptability of industrial robots by the workforce -- Employment -- Other social issues of robotics -- Bibliographic notes -- References and Bibliography.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401180368
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Magnetic properties of solids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Basic magnetic properties -- 2.3 Hysteresis -- 2.4 Effects of crystal size, shape and structure -- 2.5 Time dependence of magnetisation -- 2.6 Grain interactions -- 2.7 Summary -- Further reading -- 3 Natural magnetic minerals -- 3.1 Iron and its abundance -- 3.2 Iron oxides -- 3.3 Pyrrhotite and the iron sulphides -- 3.4 Iron hydroxides and oxyhydroxides -- 3.5 Other magnetic minerals -- 3.6 Formation of natural magnetic minerals -- 3.7 Summary -- Further reading -- 4 Magnetic properties of natural materials -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Units -- 4.3 Magnetic remanence -- 4.4 Magnetic susceptibility -- 4.5 Anisotropy of susceptibility -- 4.6 Magnetic hysteresis -- 4.7 General magnetic properties of natural materials -- 4.8 Temperature dependence of magnetic properties -- 4.9 Summary -- Further reading -- 5 The Earth’s magnetic field -- 5.1 Geomagnetism -- 5.2 Palaeomagnetism -- 5.3 Summary -- Further reading -- 6 Techniques of magnetic measurements -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Measurement of remanent magnetisation -- 6.3 Measurement of initial susceptibility -- 6.4 Measurement of induced magnetisation -- 6.5 Magnetic cleaning techniques -- 6.6 Magnetic fields -- 6.7 Portable instruments -- 6.8 A basic environmental magnetic kit -- 6.9 Summary -- Further reading -- 7 Magnetic minerals and environmental systems -- 7.1 Surface processes and magnetic minerals -- 7.2 Primary and secondary magnetic minerals -- 7.3 Magnetic minerals and material flux -- 7.4 Natural remanence and mineral magnetic properties -- 7.5 Sampling and measurement -- 7.6 Summary -- 8 Soil magnetism -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Magnetic properties of soil minerals -- 8.3 Weathering and magnetic properties -- 8.4 The magnetic enhancement of surface soils -- 8.5 Particle size relationships -- 8.6 Some representative soil profiles -- 8.7 The effects of gleying on magnetic properties -- 8.8 Soil magnetism and slope processes -- 8.9 The persistence of magnetic oxides in the soil -- 8.10 Soil magnetism and archaeology -- 8.11 Conclusions -- 9 Magnetic minerals and fluvial processes -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Suspended sediment sources -- 9.3 Magnetic tagging and tracing of stream bedload -- 9.4 Magnetic measurements of stormwatersuspended solids -- 9.5 Conclusions -- 10 Mineral magnetic studies of lake sediments -- 10.1 Lake sediments and environmental reconstruction -- 10.2 The origin of magnetic minerals in lake sediments -- 10.3 Sampling and measurement -- 10.4 Prospecting, core correlation and sediment accumulation rates -- 10.5 Sediment resuspension and focusing -- 10.6 Sediment sources and ecological change -- 10.7 Magnetic measurements and fire -- 10.8 Lake sediment magnetism and climatic change -- 10.9 Summary and conclusions -- 11 Magnetic minerals in the atmosphere -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Sources of magnetic minerals in the atmosphere -- 11.3 Magnetic properties and aerosol modes -- 11.4 Magnetic-heavy metal linkages -- 11.5 Peat magnetism and the history of atmospheric particulate deposition -- 11.6 Contemporary particulate pollution monitoring -- 11.7 Magnetic particulates in ice and snow -- 11.8 Global dust studies -- 11.9 Summary and conclusions -- 12 Mineral magnetism in marine sediments -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The origin and flux of marine magnetic minerals -- 12.3 Core correlation in marine sediments -- 12.4 Mineral magnetism and palaeoclimate in deep-sea sediments -- 12.5 Particulate pollution monitoring in coastal waters -- 12.6 Summary and conclusions -- 13 Reversal magnetostratigraphy -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Geomagnetic signatures -- 13.3 The geomagnetic polarity timescale -- 13.4 Polarity transitions -- 13.5 Summary -- 14 Secular variation magnetostratigraphy -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Experimental methods -- 14.3 Magnetic dating and magnetostratigraphy -- 14.4 Origin of palaeolimnomagnetic secular variation -- 14.5 Palaeomagnetic pitfalls -- 14.6 Excursions and the reinforcement syndrome -- 14.7 Summary -- 15 Biomagnetism -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Magnetic navigation -- 15.3 Pneumomagnetism -- 15.4 Cardiomagnetism -- 15.5 Neuromagnetism -- 15.6 Summary -- 16 The Rhode River, Chesapeake Bay, an integrated catchment study -- 16.1 Physical setting -- 16.2 Sediment sources -- 16.3 Study aims -- 16.4 Methods -- 16.5 The magnetic mineralogy of the Rhode River catchment -- 16.6 Suspended sediment samples -- 16.7 Estuarine sediment cores: mineral magnetic characteristics -- 16.8 Chronology and links with land-use change -- 16.9 Summary and implications -- 17 Prospects -- 17.1 Palaeomagnetism of recent sediments -- 17.2 The mineral magnetic approach -- Glossary of magnetic terms -- References.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401159623
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The State and the Farmer: Perspectives on Agricultural Policy2 Capitalism, Petty Commodity Production and the Farm Enterprise -- 3 Family Enterprises in Agriculture: Structural Limits and Political Possibilities -- 4 The Development of Family Farming in West Devon in the Nineteenth Century -- 5 Part-Time Farming: Its Place in the Structure of Agriculture -- 6 Small Scale Farming in the Northern Ireland Rural Economy -- 7 Landownership Relations and the Development of Modern British Agriculture -- 8 Property-State Relations in the 1980s: an Examination of Landlord-Tenant Legislation in British Agriculture -- 9 Investment Styles and Countryside Change in Lowland England -- 10 British Agriculture Under Attack -- 11 Agriculture and Conservation in Britain: a Policy Community Under Siege -- 12 Agricultural Policy and Party Politics in Post-War Britain -- List of Contributors.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789401170734
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: High Performance Polymers — Natural and Synthetic -- Engineering Plastics: The Concept that Launched an Industry -- Engineering Thermoplastics -- Polyamides -- The History and Development of Nylon-66 -- History and Development of Nylon 6 -- The History of Development of Nylons 11 and 12 -- Polyesters -- History — Aromatic Polycarbonates -- The History of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Molding Resins -- Injection Moldable PET -- History of Polyarylates -- Acetals -- The History of Acetal Homopolymer -- Acetal Copolymer, A Historical Perspective -- Styrenics -- A Path to ABS Thermoplastics -- Styrene-Maleic Anhydride-Vinyl Monomer Terpolymers and Blends -- Sulfur-Containing Polymers -- History of Polyphenylene Sulfide -- The Development of Polysulfone and Other Polyarylethers -- Polysulfone — Early Market Development Activities -- Discovery and Development of the “Victrex” Polyarylethersulphones -- Polyaryletherketone -- Discovery and Development of the “Victrex” Polyaryletherketone PEEK -- Polyetherimides -- Discovery and Development of Polyetherimides -- Blends and Alloys -- Discovery and Commercialization of Noryl® Resins -- Xenoy® and Noryl® GTX Engineering Thermoplastic Blends -- History and Development of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks -- Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- Industrial Development of Thermotropic Polyesters -- Early Work on Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers Having a Rigid-Flexible Regularly Alternating Structure in the Main Chain -- Fluoroplastics -- The History of Polytetrafluoroethylene: Discovery and Development -- Polytetrafluoroethylene: History of its Development and Some Recent Advances -- Development of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers -- Development of Kynar Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- Thermosets -- History and Development of Epoxy Resins -- Cyanate Esters — High Performance Resins -- Polyimides -- UV/EB Curing Technology: A Short History -- Fibers -- Carbon Fibers, from Light Bulbs to Outer Space -- History and Development of Polybenzimidazoles -- High Performance Elastomers -- High Performance Elastomers -- History of Silicone Elastomers -- Advances in Fluoroelastomers -- PEBAX® Polyether Block Amide — A New Family of Engineering Thermoplastic Elastomers -- Engineering Polyester Elastomers and the Future for TPE’s -- High Barrier Packaging Materials -- PET — A Global Perspective -- Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers -- Indices -- Author Index -- Company Index.
    Abstract: According to Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe's (1740-1832) Mineralogy and Geology, "The history of science is science." A sesquicentennial later, one may state that the history of high performance polymers is the science of these important engineering polymers. Many of the inventors of these superior materials of construction have stood on the thresholds of the new and have recounted their experiences (trials, tribulations and satisfactions) in the symposium and in their chapters in this book. Those who have not accepted the historical approach in the past, should now recognize the value of the historical viewpoint for studying new developments, such as general purpose polymers and, to a greater degree, the high performance polymers. To put polymer science into its proper perspective, its worth recalling that historically, the ages of civilization have been named according to the materials that dominated that period. First there was the Stone Age eventually followed by the Tin, Bronze, Iron and Steel Ages. Today many historians consider us living in the Age of Synthetics: Polymers, Fibers, Plastics, Elastomers, Films, Coatings, Adhesives, etc. It is also interesting to note that in the early 1980's, Lord Todd, then President of the Royal Society of Chemistry was asked what has been chemistry's biggest contribution to society. He felt that despite all the marvelous medical advances, chemistry's biggest contribution was the development of polymeri­ zation. Man's knowledge of polymer science is so new that Professor Herman F.
    Description / Table of Contents: High Performance Polymers - Natural and SyntheticEngineering Plastics: The Concept that Launched an Industry -- Engineering Thermoplastics -- Polyamides -- The History and Development of Nylon-66 -- History and Development of Nylon 6 -- The History of Development of Nylons 11 and 12 -- Polyesters -- History - Aromatic Polycarbonates -- The History of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) Molding Resins -- Injection Moldable PET -- History of Polyarylates -- Acetals -- The History of Acetal Homopolymer -- Acetal Copolymer, A Historical Perspective -- Styrenics -- A Path to ABS Thermoplastics -- Styrene-Maleic Anhydride-Vinyl Monomer Terpolymers and Blends -- Sulfur-Containing Polymers -- History of Polyphenylene Sulfide -- The Development of Polysulfone and Other Polyarylethers -- Polysulfone - Early Market Development Activities -- Discovery and Development of the “Victrex” Polyarylethersulphones -- Polyaryletherketone -- Discovery and Development of the “Victrex” Polyaryletherketone PEEK -- Polyetherimides -- Discovery and Development of Polyetherimides -- Blends and Alloys -- Discovery and Commercialization of Noryl® Resins -- Xenoy® and Noryl® GTX Engineering Thermoplastic Blends -- History and Development of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks -- Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- Industrial Development of Thermotropic Polyesters -- Early Work on Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers Having a Rigid-Flexible Regularly Alternating Structure in the Main Chain -- Fluoroplastics -- The History of Polytetrafluoroethylene: Discovery and Development -- Polytetrafluoroethylene: History of its Development and Some Recent Advances -- Development of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers -- Development of Kynar Polyvinylidene Fluoride -- Thermosets -- History and Development of Epoxy Resins -- Cyanate Esters - High Performance Resins -- Polyimides -- UV/EB Curing Technology: A Short History -- Fibers -- Carbon Fibers, from Light Bulbs to Outer Space -- History and Development of Polybenzimidazoles -- High Performance Elastomers -- High Performance Elastomers -- History of Silicone Elastomers -- Advances in Fluoroelastomers -- PEBAX® Polyether Block Amide - A New Family of Engineering Thermoplastic Elastomers -- Engineering Polyester Elastomers and the Future for TPE’s -- High Barrier Packaging Materials -- PET - A Global Perspective -- Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers -- Indices -- Author Index -- Company Index.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401171205
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: CAD — What is it All About? -- Concepts and descriptions -- The design process -- The origins of CAD -- Automated drafting: creating a model -- Representations and simulations -- Analytical programs: simulating performance -- Summary: CAD defined -- 2: CAM — An Introduction -- Design and manufacture: two processes or one? -- Numerical control: the basis of CAM -- Computer-assisted part programming -- Direct numerical control -- Computer numerical control -- The future of numerical control -- Flexible manufacturing systems -- Computer-integrated manufacturing -- Group technology -- Summary: from CAD/CAM to CADAM -- 3: The Elements of a CAD System -- From mainframe to mini -- Enter the micro — distributing ‘intelligence’ -- Memory and storage devices -- Machine communicates with man: the graphics display -- Stroke-writing display systems -- Raster display systems -- Man communicates with machine: menus and input arrangements -- Light pen input -- Cursor steering input devices -- Graphics tablet input -- Choosing an input system -- Plotters and other hard copy devices -- 4: Principal Types of CAD System -- Two-dimensional modellers -- Wire-frame modellers -- Surface modellers -- Solid modelling I: boundary representation -- Solid modelling II: constructive solid geometry -- Summary: making a choice of modelling system -- 5: The Software — What CAD Can Do -- Basic drafting -- Macros -- Parametrics -- Graphic conventions -- ‘Drafting’ with primitive solids -- Transformations -- Taking things apart — sectioning -- Putting things together — segmentation and assembly -- Moving things about — simulated operations -- Automatic dimensioning -- Testing things — analytical programs -- 6: A Look Ahead -- Towards standardization? -- Horses for courses: tailor-made CAD -- Extending CAM — computer-aided everything -- Building-in more knowledge — expert systems -- Trends (and limitations) in hardware development -- New roles for CAD -- Near relations: computer graphics and simulators -- 7: Justifying CAD/CAM -- The fallacy of productivity -- Not-so-simple arithmetic -- Saving waste — consistency of information -- Saving time — availability of information -- Saving trouble — analysis of information -- Doing what could not be done before -- 8: Identifying the Needs of a Company -- Who should conduct the feasibility study? -- Geometrical information — the vital commodity -- Where does the information originate? -- How is information stored, communicated and used? -- The place of CAD/CAM in the information structure -- Setting identifiable goals -- 9: Choosing a System and Persuading the Company to Buy It -- ‘Turnkey’ systems -- Assembled systems -- Sources of information -- The politics of CAD -- Making a shortlist -- Benchmarking -- The ‘best’ system? -- Ready, get set... -- 10: Buying and Installing a System -- Implementation: the role of the CAD manager -- Planning the installation: physical factors -- Planning the installation: psychological and organizational factors -- Selling CAD to the users -- Training -- The first six months -- Appendix I: Glossary of terms and acronyms used in CAD/CAM -- Appendix II: Checklist for potential purchasers of CAD systems -- Appendix III: Suppliers of turnkey CAD systems in the UK and USA -- Select bibliography.
    Abstract: Little more than a decade ago computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) was a very esoteric field indeed, not one that was of much practical concern to a manager or industrialist unless his business was on the scale of, say, a major automobile manufacturer or in a field of high technology such as aerospace. Like so much else, this situation was revo­ lutionized by the invention of the silicon chip, the arrival of the micro­ processor and the dramatic fall in the cost of computer hardware. Today, CAD/CAM has spread down the market, and down the price scale, to the point at which it is both a feasible and an affordable technology for a wide range of small-and medium-sized companies in areas as various as architec­ ture and general engineering, plastic moulding and consumer electronics. But the explosion - there is no other word for it - in the variety and capabilities of CAD/CAM systems, and their spectacular climb to the top of the hi-tech hit parade, has placed the potential purchaser and user of the new technology in a difficult position. On the one hand he is assured, not least by the manufacturers of CAD/CAM equipment, that a failure to invest in it will leave his company stranded in the industrial Stone Age.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: CAD - What is it All About?Concepts and descriptions -- The design process -- The origins of CAD -- Automated drafting: creating a model -- Representations and simulations -- Analytical programs: simulating performance -- Summary: CAD defined -- 2: CAM - An Introduction -- Design and manufacture: two processes or one? -- Numerical control: the basis of CAM -- Computer-assisted part programming -- Direct numerical control -- Computer numerical control -- The future of numerical control -- Flexible manufacturing systems -- Computer-integrated manufacturing -- Group technology -- Summary: from CAD/CAM to CADAM -- 3: The Elements of a CAD System -- From mainframe to mini -- Enter the micro - distributing ‘intelligence’ -- Memory and storage devices -- Machine communicates with man: the graphics display -- Stroke-writing display systems -- Raster display systems -- Man communicates with machine: menus and input arrangements -- Light pen input -- Cursor steering input devices -- Graphics tablet input -- Choosing an input system -- Plotters and other hard copy devices -- 4: Principal Types of CAD System -- Two-dimensional modellers -- Wire-frame modellers -- Surface modellers -- Solid modelling I: boundary representation -- Solid modelling II: constructive solid geometry -- Summary: making a choice of modelling system -- 5: The Software - What CAD Can Do -- Basic drafting -- Macros -- Parametrics -- Graphic conventions -- ‘Drafting’ with primitive solids -- Transformations -- Taking things apart - sectioning -- Putting things together - segmentation and assembly -- Moving things about - simulated operations -- Automatic dimensioning -- Testing things - analytical programs -- 6: A Look Ahead -- Towards standardization? -- Horses for courses: tailor-made CAD -- Extending CAM - computer-aided everything -- Building-in more knowledge - expert systems -- Trends (and limitations) in hardware development -- New roles for CAD -- Near relations: computer graphics and simulators -- 7: Justifying CAD/CAM -- The fallacy of productivity -- Not-so-simple arithmetic -- Saving waste - consistency of information -- Saving time - availability of information -- Saving trouble - analysis of information -- Doing what could not be done before -- 8: Identifying the Needs of a Company -- Who should conduct the feasibility study? -- Geometrical information - the vital commodity -- Where does the information originate? -- How is information stored, communicated and used? -- The place of CAD/CAM in the information structure -- Setting identifiable goals -- 9: Choosing a System and Persuading the Company to Buy It -- ‘Turnkey’ systems -- Assembled systems -- Sources of information -- The politics of CAD -- Making a shortlist -- Benchmarking -- The ‘best’ system? -- Ready, get set.. -- 10: Buying and Installing a System -- Implementation: the role of the CAD manager -- Planning the installation: physical factors -- Planning the installation: psychological and organizational factors -- Selling CAD to the users -- Training -- The first six months -- Appendix I: Glossary of terms and acronyms used in CAD/CAM -- Appendix II: Checklist for potential purchasers of CAD systems -- Appendix III: Suppliers of turnkey CAD systems in the UK and USA -- Select bibliography.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401098588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public health laws ; Medical laws and legislation.
    Abstract: Division 5: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Medicines -- III Further Provisions Relating to Dealings with Medicinal Products -- The Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 -- The Medicines (Bal Jivan Chamcho Probition) (No.2) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Prohibition of Non-medicinal Antimicrobial Substances) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 as amended -- The Medicines (Phenacetin Prohibition) Order 1979 -- The Medicines (Stilbenes and Thyrostatic Substances Prohibition) Order 1982 -- Divison 6: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Veterinary Products -- The Medicines (Restriction on the Administration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) Regulations 1983 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (General Sale List) Order 1984 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1985 -- The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1984 as amended -- Division 7: Quality of Medicines and Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs -- VIII British Pharmacopoeia and other Publications -- II Certificate of Analysis or Examination of Animal Feeding Stuff (1) -- Division 8 Pharmacies -- IV Pharmacies.
    Abstract: The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works.
    Description / Table of Contents: Division 5: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of MedicinesIII Further Provisions Relating to Dealings with Medicinal Products -- The Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 -- The Medicines (Bal Jivan Chamcho Probition) (No.2) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Prohibition of Non-medicinal Antimicrobial Substances) Order 1977 -- The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 as amended -- The Medicines (Phenacetin Prohibition) Order 1979 -- The Medicines (Stilbenes and Thyrostatic Substances Prohibition) Order 1982 -- Divison 6: Controls over Sale, Supply and Administration of Veterinary Products -- The Medicines (Restriction on the Administration of Veterinary Medicinal Products) Regulations 1983 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (General Sale List) Order 1984 -- The Medicines (Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1985 -- The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1984 as amended -- Division 7: Quality of Medicines and Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs -- VIII British Pharmacopoeia and other Publications -- II Certificate of Analysis or Examination of Animal Feeding Stuff (1) -- Division 8 Pharmacies -- IV Pharmacies.
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  • 93
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401577137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 120 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Sets -- Two: Mappings -- Three: Equivalence relations -- Four: The integers -- Five: Permutations -- Six: Cardinals and the natural numbers.
    Abstract: IT, as it is often said, mathematics is the queen of science then algebra is surely the jewel in her crown. In the course of its vast development over the last half-century, algebra has emerged as the subject in which one can observe pure mathe­ matical reasoning at its best. Its elegance is matched only by the ever-increasing number of its applications to an extraordinarily wide range of topics in areas other than 'pure' mathematics. Here our objective is to present, in the form of a series of five concise volumes, the fundamentals of the subject. Broadly speaking, we have covered in all the now traditional syllabus that is found in first and second year university courses, as well as some third year material. Further study would be at the level of 'honours options'. The reasoning that lies behind this modular presentation is simple, namely to allow the student (be he a mathematician or not) to read the subject in a way that is more appropriate to the length, content, and extent, of the various courses he has to take. Although we have taken great pains to include a wide selec­ tion of illustrative examples, we have not included any exer­ cises. For a suitable companion collection of worked examples, we would refer the reader to our series Algebra through practice (Cambridge University Press), the first five books of which are appropriate to the material covered here.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: SetsTwo: Mappings -- Three: Equivalence relations -- Four: The integers -- Five: Permutations -- Six: Cardinals and the natural numbers.
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  • 94
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400943131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section 1: Introduction and Summary -- Section 2: General Topics (the Opening Session) -- Section 3: Sociocultural Aspects of Biogas Technology -- Section 4: Economic Aspects -- Section 5: Institutional and Financial Infrastructure -- Section 6: Regional Programs, Networks, and Aid Agencies -- Section 7: Technical Aspects -- Section 8: Country Programs and Projects -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The International Conference on the State of the Art on Biogas Technology, Transfer and Diffusion was held in Cairo, Egypt, from 17 to 24 November 1984. The Conference was organized by the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASR T), the Egyptian National Research Centre (NRC), the Bioenergy Systems and Technology project (BST) of the US Agency for International Development (US/AID) Office of Energy, and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). A number of international organizations and agencies co-sponsored the Conference. More than 100 participants from 40 countries attended. The purpose of the Conference was to assess the viability of biogas technology (BGT) and propose future courses of action for exploiting BGT prospects to the fullest extent. The Conference emphasized a balanced coverage of technical, environ­ mental, social, economic and organizational aspects relevant to biogas systems design, operation and diffusion. It was organized to incorporate experiences that are pertinent, for the most part, to developing countries. In addition to the wide spectrum of presentations and country programs, structured and non-structured discussions among the participants were strongly encouraged in thematic sessions at round-table discussions, and through personal contacts during poster sessions and field trips. It was clear from the enthusiastic response of most participants that the Conference, in large measure, succeeded in fulfilling its mission. Although draft papers were distributed to all participants, it was felt that the results obtained were worthy of organized and refined documentation. And this is precisely what this book intends to do.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section 1: Introduction and SummarySection 2: General Topics (the Opening Session) -- Section 3: Sociocultural Aspects of Biogas Technology -- Section 4: Economic Aspects -- Section 5: Institutional and Financial Infrastructure -- Section 6: Regional Programs, Networks, and Aid Agencies -- Section 7: Technical Aspects -- Section 8: Country Programs and Projects -- Author Index.
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  • 95
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401159982
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Fundamentals of the Finite Element Method -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The concept of discretization -- 1.3 Steps in the finite element method -- References -- 2 Finite Element Analysis in Heat Conduction -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Review of basic formulations -- 2.3 Finite element formulation of transient heat conduction in solids -- 2.4 Transient heat conduction in axisymmetric solids -- 2.5 Computation of the thermal conductivity matrix -- 2.6 Computation of the heat capacitance matrix -- 2.7 Computation of thermal force matrix -- 2.8 Transient heat conduction in the time domain -- 2.9 Boundary conditions 45 2.10 Solution procedures for axisymmetric structures -- References -- 3 Thermoelastic-Plastic Stress Analysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mechanical behavior of materials -- 3.3 Review of basic formulations in linear elasticity theory -- 3.4 Basic formulations in nonlinear elasticity -- 3.5 Elements of plasticity theory -- 3.6 Strain hardening -- 3.7 Plastic potential (yield) function -- 3.8 Prandtl-Reuss relation -- 3.9 Derivation of plastic stress-strain relations -- 3.10 Constitutive equations for thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 3.11 Derivation of the [Cep] matrix -- 3.12 Determination of material stiffness (H’) -- 3.13 Thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis with kinematic hardening rule -- 3.14 Finite element formulation of thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 3.15 Finite element formulation for the base TEPSAC code -- 3.16 Solution procedure for the base TEPSA code -- References -- 4 Creep Deformation of Solids by Finite Element Analysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theoretical background -- 4.3 Constitutive equations for thermoelastic-plastic creep stress analysis -- 4.4 Finite element formulation of thermoelastic-plastic creep stress analysis -- 4.5 Integration schemes -- 4.6 Solution algorithm -- 4.7 Code verification -- 4.8 Closing remarks -- References -- 5 Elastic-Plastic stress analysis with Fourier Series -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Element equation for elastic axisymmetric solids subject to nonaxisymmetric loadings -- 5.3 Stiffness matrix for elastic solids subject to nonaxisymmetric loadings -- 5.4 Elastic-plastic stress analysis of axisymmetric solids subject to nonaxisymmetric loadings -- 5.5 Derivation of element equation -- 5.6 Mode mixing stiffness equations -- 5.7 Circumferential integration scheme -- 5.8 Numerical example -- 5.9 Discussion of the numerical example -- 5.10 Summary -- References -- 6 Elastodynamic stress analysis with Thermal Effects -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theoretical background -- 6.3 Hamilton’s variational principle -- 6.4 Finite element formulation -- 6.5 Direct time integration scheme -- 6.6 Solution algorithm -- 6.7 Numerical illustration -- References -- 7 Thermofracture Mechanics -- 1: Review of fracture mechanics concept -- 2: Thermoelastic-plastic fracture analysis page -- 3: Thermoelastic-plastic creep fracture analysis -- References -- 8 Thermoelastic-Plastic Stress Analysis By Finite Strain Theory -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinate systems -- 8.3 Green and Almansi strain tensors -- 8.4 Lagrangian and Kirchhoff stress tensors -- 8.5 Equilibrium in the large -- 8.6 Equilibrium in the small -- 8.7 The boundary conditions -- 8.8 The constitutive equation -- 8.9 Equations of equilibrium by the principle of virtual work -- 8.10 Finite element formulation -- 8.11 Stiffness matrix [K2] -- 8.12 Stiffness matrix [K3] -- 8.13 Constitutive equations for thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 8.14 The finite element formulation -- 8.15 The computer program -- 8.16 Numerical examples -- References -- 9 Coupled Thermoelastic-Plastic Stress Analysis -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The energy balance concept -- 9.3 Derivation of the coupled heat conduction equation -- 9.4 Coupled thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 9.5 Finite element formulation -- 9.6 The y matrix -- 9.7 The thermal moduli matrix ? -- 9.8 The internal dissipation factor -- 9.9 Computation algorithm -- 9.10 Numerical illustration -- 9.11 Concluding remarks -- References -- 10 Application of Thermomechanical Analyses in Industry -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Thermal analysis involving phase change -- 10.3 Thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 10.4 Thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis by TEPSAC code -- 10.5 Simulation of thermomechanical behavior of nuclear reactor fuel elements -- References -- Appendix 1 Area coordinate system for triangular simplex elements -- Appendix 2 Numerical illustration on the implementation of thermal boundary conditions -- Appendix 3 Integrands of the mode-mixing stiffness matrix -- Appendix 4 User’s guide for TEPSAC -- Appendix 5 Listing of TEPSAC code -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The rapid advances in the nuclear and aerospace technologies in the past two decades compounded with the increasing demands for high performance, energy-efficient power plant components and engines have made reliable thermal stress analysis a critical factor in the design and operation of such equipment. Recently, and as experienced by the author, the need for sophis­ ticated analyses has been extended to the energy resource industry such as in-situ coal gasification and in-situ oil recovery from oil sands and shales. The analyses in the above applications are of a multidisciplinary nature, and some involve the additional complexity of multiphase and phase change phenomena. These extremely complicated factors preclude the use of classical methods, and numerical techniques such as the finite element method appear to be the most viable alternative solution. The development of this technique so far appears to have concentrated in two extremes; one being overly concerned with the accuracy of results and tending to place all effort in the implementation of special purpose element concepts and computational algorithms, the other being for commercial purposes with the ability of solving a wide range of engineering problems. However, to be versatile, users require substantial training and experience in order to use these codes effectively. Above all, no provision for any modifi­ cation of these codes by users is possible, as all these codes are proprietary and access to the code is limited only to the owners.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Fundamentals of the Finite Element Method1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The concept of discretization -- 1.3 Steps in the finite element method -- References -- 2 Finite Element Analysis in Heat Conduction -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Review of basic formulations -- 2.3 Finite element formulation of transient heat conduction in solids -- 2.4 Transient heat conduction in axisymmetric solids -- 2.5 Computation of the thermal conductivity matrix -- 2.6 Computation of the heat capacitance matrix -- 2.7 Computation of thermal force matrix -- 2.8 Transient heat conduction in the time domain -- 2.9 Boundary conditions 45 2.10 Solution procedures for axisymmetric structures -- References -- 3 Thermoelastic-Plastic Stress Analysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mechanical behavior of materials -- 3.3 Review of basic formulations in linear elasticity theory -- 3.4 Basic formulations in nonlinear elasticity -- 3.5 Elements of plasticity theory -- 3.6 Strain hardening -- 3.7 Plastic potential (yield) function -- 3.8 Prandtl-Reuss relation -- 3.9 Derivation of plastic stress-strain relations -- 3.10 Constitutive equations for thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 3.11 Derivation of the [Cep] matrix -- 3.12 Determination of material stiffness (H’) -- 3.13 Thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis with kinematic hardening rule -- 3.14 Finite element formulation of thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 3.15 Finite element formulation for the base TEPSAC code -- 3.16 Solution procedure for the base TEPSA code -- References -- 4 Creep Deformation of Solids by Finite Element Analysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theoretical background -- 4.3 Constitutive equations for thermoelastic-plastic creep stress analysis -- 4.4 Finite element formulation of thermoelastic-plastic creep stress analysis -- 4.5 Integration schemes -- 4.6 Solution algorithm -- 4.7 Code verification -- 4.8 Closing remarks -- References -- 5 Elastic-Plastic stress analysis with Fourier Series -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Element equation for elastic axisymmetric solids subject to nonaxisymmetric loadings -- 5.3 Stiffness matrix for elastic solids subject to nonaxisymmetric loadings -- 5.4 Elastic-plastic stress analysis of axisymmetric solids subject to nonaxisymmetric loadings -- 5.5 Derivation of element equation -- 5.6 Mode mixing stiffness equations -- 5.7 Circumferential integration scheme -- 5.8 Numerical example -- 5.9 Discussion of the numerical example -- 5.10 Summary -- References -- 6 Elastodynamic stress analysis with Thermal Effects -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theoretical background -- 6.3 Hamilton’s variational principle -- 6.4 Finite element formulation -- 6.5 Direct time integration scheme -- 6.6 Solution algorithm -- 6.7 Numerical illustration -- References -- 7 Thermofracture Mechanics -- 1: Review of fracture mechanics concept -- 2: Thermoelastic-plastic fracture analysis page -- 3: Thermoelastic-plastic creep fracture analysis -- References -- 8 Thermoelastic-Plastic Stress Analysis By Finite Strain Theory -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinate systems -- 8.3 Green and Almansi strain tensors -- 8.4 Lagrangian and Kirchhoff stress tensors -- 8.5 Equilibrium in the large -- 8.6 Equilibrium in the small -- 8.7 The boundary conditions -- 8.8 The constitutive equation -- 8.9 Equations of equilibrium by the principle of virtual work -- 8.10 Finite element formulation -- 8.11 Stiffness matrix [K2] -- 8.12 Stiffness matrix [K3] -- 8.13 Constitutive equations for thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 8.14 The finite element formulation -- 8.15 The computer program -- 8.16 Numerical examples -- References -- 9 Coupled Thermoelastic-Plastic Stress Analysis -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The energy balance concept -- 9.3 Derivation of the coupled heat conduction equation -- 9.4 Coupled thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 9.5 Finite element formulation -- 9.6 The y matrix -- 9.7 The thermal moduli matrix ? -- 9.8 The internal dissipation factor -- 9.9 Computation algorithm -- 9.10 Numerical illustration -- 9.11 Concluding remarks -- References -- 10 Application of Thermomechanical Analyses in Industry -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Thermal analysis involving phase change -- 10.3 Thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis -- 10.4 Thermoelastic-plastic stress analysis by TEPSAC code -- 10.5 Simulation of thermomechanical behavior of nuclear reactor fuel elements -- References -- Appendix 1 Area coordinate system for triangular simplex elements -- Appendix 2 Numerical illustration on the implementation of thermal boundary conditions -- Appendix 3 Integrands of the mode-mixing stiffness matrix -- Appendix 4 User’s guide for TEPSAC -- Appendix 5 Listing of TEPSAC code -- Author Index.
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  • 96
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401180566
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Objectives and reasons for the approach taken -- 1.2 Mineral deposit or mine? -- 1.3 A genetic model as the basis for exploration -- 1.4 The scientific study of mineral deposits -- References -- 2 Magmatic Deposits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Chromite deposits -- 2.3 Nickel sulphide deposits -- 2.4 Kimberlites -- 2.5 Concluding statement -- References -- 3 Magmatic Hydrothermal Deposits -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Porphyry copper deposits -- 3.3 Exploration for porphyry copper deposits -- 3.4 Porphyry molybdenum deposits -- 3.5 Exploration for porphyry molybdenum deposits -- 3.6 Porphyry gold deposits -- 3.7 Porphyry tin deposits -- 3.8 Volcanic-associated massive sulphide deposits -- 3.9 Exploration for volcanogenic sulphide deposits -- 3.10 Concluding statement -- References -- 4 Hydrothermal Vein Deposits -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Classification of hydrothermal vein deposits -- 4.3 Classification of hydrothermal gold deposits -- 4.4 Hydrothermal gold deposits in Archaean terrain -- 4.5 Exploration for gold in Archaean terrain -- 4.6 Concluding statement -- References -- 5 Placers and Palaeo-Placers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Placer deposits -- 5.3 Eluvial (residual), colluvial and fluvial (alluvial) deposits -- 5.4 Beach sand deposits -- 5.5 Marine placers -- 5.6 Palaeo-placer deposits -- 5.7 Concluding statement -- References -- 6 Sediment-Hosted Copper-Lead-Zinc Deposits -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sediment-hosted copper deposits -- 6.3 Syngenetic and diagenetic lead-zinc deposits in shales and carbonates (sedimentary-exhalative deposits) -- 6.4 Epigenetic carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits (Mississippi Valley-type) -- 6.5 Exploration for Mississippi Valley-type deposits -- 6.6 Concluding statement -- References -- 7 Ore Deposits Formed by Weathering -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Bauxite deposits -- 7.3 Lateritic nickcl deposits -- 7.4 Kaolin deposits -- 7.5 Supergene manganese deposits -- 7.6 Supergene sulphide enrichment -- 7.7 Concluding statement -- References -- 8 Iron Ores of Sedimentary Affiliation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Classification of iron ores -- 8.3 General characteristics of iron-formation -- 8.4 Genesis of iron-formation -- 8.5 Enriched haematitc ore deposits -- 8.6 The Hamersley Basin — an example of banded iron-formation and associated enrichment ores -- 8.7 Exploration -- 8.8 Evaluation -- 8.9 Concluding statement -- References -- 9 Uranium Ores of Sedimentary Affiliation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Geochemistry of uranium in the secondary environment -- 9.3 Unconformity-type uranium deposits of the Northern Territory, Australia and Northern Saskatchewan, Canada -- 9.4 Sandstone-hosted uranium deposits of the western USA -- 9.5 Concluding statement -- References -- 10 Ores Formed by Metamorphism -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Skarns -- 10.3 Skarn deposits -- 10.4 Classification of skarn deposits -- 10.5 Genesis of skarn deposits -- 10.6 Exploration for skarns -- 10.7 Concluding statement -- References -- 11 The Design and Implementation of Exploration Programmes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Who undertakes exploration? -- 11.3 Factors affecting exploration programmes -- 11.4 The exploration programme -- 11.5 Concluding statement -- References -- Mineral list.
    Abstract: Why another book about Ore Deposits? There are a number of factors which motivated us to write this text and which may provide an answer to this question. Firstly our colleagues are predominantly mining engineers and minerals processing technologists, which provides us with a different perspective of ore deposits from many academic geologists. Secondly we have found that most existing texts are either highly theoretical or merely descriptive: we have attempted to examine the practical implications of the geological setting and genetic models of particular ore deposit types. We have written the text primarily for undergraduates who are taking options in Economic Geology towards the end of a Degree Course in Geology. However, we hope that the text will also prove valuable to geologists working in the mining industry. The text is to a large extent based on a review of the existing literature up to the end of 1984. However, we have visited most of the mining districts cited in the text and have also corresponded extensively with geologists to extend our knowledge beyond the published literature. Nonetheless writing a text-book on Ore Deposits is a demanding task and it is inevitable that sins of both omission and commission have been committed. We would therefore welcome comments from readers which can be incorporated in future editions. RICHARD EDW ARDS KEITH ATKINSON Cmnhome School (~n\1illcs April 1985 Glossary Adit A horizontal, or near horizontal, passage from the surface into a mme.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 Objectives and reasons for the approach taken -- 1.2 Mineral deposit or mine? -- 1.3 A genetic model as the basis for exploration -- 1.4 The scientific study of mineral deposits -- References -- 2 Magmatic Deposits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Chromite deposits -- 2.3 Nickel sulphide deposits -- 2.4 Kimberlites -- 2.5 Concluding statement -- References -- 3 Magmatic Hydrothermal Deposits -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Porphyry copper deposits -- 3.3 Exploration for porphyry copper deposits -- 3.4 Porphyry molybdenum deposits -- 3.5 Exploration for porphyry molybdenum deposits -- 3.6 Porphyry gold deposits -- 3.7 Porphyry tin deposits -- 3.8 Volcanic-associated massive sulphide deposits -- 3.9 Exploration for volcanogenic sulphide deposits -- 3.10 Concluding statement -- References -- 4 Hydrothermal Vein Deposits -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Classification of hydrothermal vein deposits -- 4.3 Classification of hydrothermal gold deposits -- 4.4 Hydrothermal gold deposits in Archaean terrain -- 4.5 Exploration for gold in Archaean terrain -- 4.6 Concluding statement -- References -- 5 Placers and Palaeo-Placers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Placer deposits -- 5.3 Eluvial (residual), colluvial and fluvial (alluvial) deposits -- 5.4 Beach sand deposits -- 5.5 Marine placers -- 5.6 Palaeo-placer deposits -- 5.7 Concluding statement -- References -- 6 Sediment-Hosted Copper-Lead-Zinc Deposits -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sediment-hosted copper deposits -- 6.3 Syngenetic and diagenetic lead-zinc deposits in shales and carbonates (sedimentary-exhalative deposits) -- 6.4 Epigenetic carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits (Mississippi Valley-type) -- 6.5 Exploration for Mississippi Valley-type deposits -- 6.6 Concluding statement -- References -- 7 Ore Deposits Formed by Weathering -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Bauxite deposits -- 7.3 Lateritic nickcl deposits -- 7.4 Kaolin deposits -- 7.5 Supergene manganese deposits -- 7.6 Supergene sulphide enrichment -- 7.7 Concluding statement -- References -- 8 Iron Ores of Sedimentary Affiliation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Classification of iron ores -- 8.3 General characteristics of iron-formation -- 8.4 Genesis of iron-formation -- 8.5 Enriched haematitc ore deposits -- 8.6 The Hamersley Basin - an example of banded iron-formation and associated enrichment ores -- 8.7 Exploration -- 8.8 Evaluation -- 8.9 Concluding statement -- References -- 9 Uranium Ores of Sedimentary Affiliation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Geochemistry of uranium in the secondary environment -- 9.3 Unconformity-type uranium deposits of the Northern Territory, Australia and Northern Saskatchewan, Canada -- 9.4 Sandstone-hosted uranium deposits of the western USA -- 9.5 Concluding statement -- References -- 10 Ores Formed by Metamorphism -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Skarns -- 10.3 Skarn deposits -- 10.4 Classification of skarn deposits -- 10.5 Genesis of skarn deposits -- 10.6 Exploration for skarns -- 10.7 Concluding statement -- References -- 11 The Design and Implementation of Exploration Programmes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Who undertakes exploration? -- 11.3 Factors affecting exploration programmes -- 11.4 The exploration programme -- 11.5 Concluding statement -- References -- Mineral list.
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  • 97
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Thermodynamics -- Thermodynamics and Engineering Needs -- Statistics of Surface Contact Distributions -- Polymer Melt and Glass: Thermodynamic and Dynamic Aspects -- A Fresh Look at Solutions of Polymer Mixtures -- Polymer-Polymer Interactions and Phase Diagrams of Compatible Polyblends by Gas-Chromatography -- Application of the Mean-Field Lattice-Gas Model to Partially-Miscible Polymer Systems -- Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Mixtures of Statistical Copolymers -- Characterization of Industrial Polymers and Polymer Mixtures by Turbidimetric Measurements at the Lower Critical Solution Temperature -- II: Characterization/Solution Behaviour -- Characterization of Copolymers: Chromatographic Cross-Fractionation Analysis of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers -- CPF: A New Method for Large Scale Fractionation -- Flow Birefringence of Associations of Polymers in Solution -- Theoretical Calculation of Diffusion Coefficient and Viscosity of Star Polymers in Solution -- A Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Investigation of Precipitation Polymerization in Liquid Vinyl Chloride -- III: Blends -- The Role of Specific Interactions in Polymer Miscibility -- Relation of Interdiffusion and Self-Diffusion in Polymer Mixtures -- Crystallization and Melting Studies on Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Mixtures -- Specific Intermolecular Interactions in Polymer Blends -- Thermal and Morphological Analysis of Poly(?-caprolactam)—Poly(etherester) Mixtures -- Isochrone Viscoelastic Functions via Activation Energy of Flow: Charge Transfer Compatibilized Polyblends -- Modification of Thermosetting Resins by Thermoplastics -- The Toughness Behavior of Emulsion ABS: Effect of Rubber Concentration and Acrylonitrile Content on the Deformation Modes -- IV: Networks -- Thermodynamics of Casein Gels and the Universality of Network Theories -- Crosslinking Theory Applied to Industrially Important Polymers -- Reversible and Irreversible Deformation of Van der Waals Networks -- Photopolymerization of Diacrylates -- Simulation Model for Densely Cross-Linked Networks Formed by Chain-Reactions -- Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of EPDM Networks -- Some Comments on the Thermodynamics of Swelling -- Thermoreversible Gelation of Vinyl Polymers -- Static and Dynamic Lightscattering of Thermoreversible Gelling iota-Carrageenan -- Effects of Poly(acrylamide) on the Solution and Gel Properties of Water-Gelatin System -- Compatibility and Viscoelasticity of Mixed Biopolymer Gels -- Halato-Telechelic Polymers as Models of Ion-Containing Polymers and Thermoreversible Polymer Networks -- Ion-Containing Networks: Structural Modifications Induced by Lithium Ions -- Ion-Containing Networks: Recent Results Concerning Transport Properties -- V: Diffusion/Barrier Properties -- Diffusion of Gases and Liquids in Glassy and Semi-Crystalline Polymers -- Transport Regulated Electrochemical Reactions in Polyimide Films -- Processing of Barrier Film by Coextrusion -- VI: Chain Dynamics -- Single-Chain Dynamics in Polymer Characterization -- Non-Ideal Statistics and Polymer Dynamics -- Computation and Display of Polymer Chain Behaviour -- Deuteron-NMR Studies of Molecular Motions in Solid Polymers -- A Two-Dimensional NMR Study of Very Slow Molecular Motions in Polymers -- Transitions and Mobile Phases by NMR Normal Alkanes and Polyethylene -- Morphology and Chain Dynamics of Polymers as Reflected from Polymer-Dye Interactions -- Emission Spectroscopy and the Molecular Mobility of Polyepoxide Networks -- Mobility of Sidegroups in Polydimethylsiloxane -- Glass Transitions in Unsymmetrically Substituted Siloxanes -- VII: Processing/Rheology -- From Molecular Models to the Solution of Flow Problems -- Transient-Network Theories: New Developments and Applications -- Rheological Properties of a LDPE Melt in Transient Uniaxial Elongational Flow, Described with a Special Type of Constitutive Equation -- Physical Background of Mould Filling With and Without Crystallization -- On the Mathematical Modelling of the Injection Moulding Process -- Mixing Processes in Polymer Processing -- Blending of Incompatible Polymers -- Polymer Reactions During Melt-Processing -- Assessing Rubber Processing Aids Effectiveness -- Plastics Processing -- VIII: Structure and Morphology -- Some Facets of Order in Crystalline Polymers as Revealed by Polyethylene -- Investigation of the Crystallization Process of Polymers by Means of Neutron Scattering -- Lamellar Organization in Polymer Spherulites -- Considerations on the Crystallization with Chain Folding in Polymers -- Chain Mobility in Phase Transformations of Inorganic Polymers -- Ultra-Drawing of High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Cast from Solution. IV. Effect of Annealing/Re-crystallization -- Microhardness of Semicrystalline Polymers -- Model Calculations for WAXS Profiles from the Polymer Crystalline Particle Size Distribution -- Infrared Spectroscopy on PET Yarns -- Interaction Between Crystallization and Orientation -- Neutron Scattering of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) -- The Similarity Between Cellulose and Aramid Fibres -- Crystalline Order in Nylon 4,6 -- Pulsed EPR Study of the Trapping Process of Radicals in Polyethylene -- Analysis of Filled Rubbers Using SAXS -- SAXS Studies of Semi-Crystalline Polymer Blends Using Synchrotron Radiation -- Ultra-Drawing of Polypropylene -- Spinning of Fibers from Cellulose Solutions in Amine Oxides -- IX: New Developments -- Future Trends in Polymer Chemistry -- Recent Investigations of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks -- Polymers with Metal-like Conductivity: Structure, Properties and Applications -- The Mechanical Properties of Polypyrrole Plates -- High Modulus Flexible Polymers -- Radiation Treatment of Polymers -- High Precision Replication of Laservision Video Discs Using UV-Curable Coatings -- Fast Curing Low-Modulus Coatings for High-Strength Optical Fibres -- Replication of High Precision Aspherical Lenses Using UV-Curable Coatings.
    Abstract: 'Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology' is a theme that admits of countless variations. It is admirably exemplified by the scientific work of R. Koningsveld and C. G. Vonk, in whose honour this meeting was organized. The interplay between 'pure' and 'applied' is of course not confined to any particular subdiscipline of chemistry or physics (witness the name IUPAC and IUPAP) but is perhaps rarely so intimate and inevitable as in the macromolecular area. The historical sequence may vary: when the first synthetic dye was prepared by Perkin, considerable knowledge of the molecular structure was also at hand; but polymeric materials, both natural and synthetic, had achieved a fair practical technology long before their macromolecular character was appreciated or established. Such historical records have sometimes led to differences of opinion as to whether the pure or the applied arm should deserve the first place of honour. The Harvard physiologist Henderson, as quoted in Walter Moore's Physical Chemistry, averred that 'Science owes more to the steam engine than the steam engine owes to Science'. On the other hand, few would dispute the proposition that nuclear power production could scarcely have preceded the laboratory observations of Hahn and Strassmann on uranium fission. Whatever history may suggest, an effective and continuous working relationship must recognize the essential contributions, if not always the completely smooth meshing, of both extremes.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: ThermodynamicsThermodynamics and Engineering Needs -- Statistics of Surface Contact Distributions -- Polymer Melt and Glass: Thermodynamic and Dynamic Aspects -- A Fresh Look at Solutions of Polymer Mixtures -- Polymer-Polymer Interactions and Phase Diagrams of Compatible Polyblends by Gas-Chromatography -- Application of the Mean-Field Lattice-Gas Model to Partially-Miscible Polymer Systems -- Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Mixtures of Statistical Copolymers -- Characterization of Industrial Polymers and Polymer Mixtures by Turbidimetric Measurements at the Lower Critical Solution Temperature -- II: Characterization/Solution Behaviour -- Characterization of Copolymers: Chromatographic Cross-Fractionation Analysis of Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers -- CPF: A New Method for Large Scale Fractionation -- Flow Birefringence of Associations of Polymers in Solution -- Theoretical Calculation of Diffusion Coefficient and Viscosity of Star Polymers in Solution -- A Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Investigation of Precipitation Polymerization in Liquid Vinyl Chloride -- III: Blends -- The Role of Specific Interactions in Polymer Miscibility -- Relation of Interdiffusion and Self-Diffusion in Polymer Mixtures -- Crystallization and Melting Studies on Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Mixtures -- Specific Intermolecular Interactions in Polymer Blends -- Thermal and Morphological Analysis of Poly(?-caprolactam)-Poly(etherester) Mixtures -- Isochrone Viscoelastic Functions via Activation Energy of Flow: Charge Transfer Compatibilized Polyblends -- Modification of Thermosetting Resins by Thermoplastics -- The Toughness Behavior of Emulsion ABS: Effect of Rubber Concentration and Acrylonitrile Content on the Deformation Modes -- IV: Networks -- Thermodynamics of Casein Gels and the Universality of Network Theories -- Crosslinking Theory Applied to Industrially Important Polymers -- Reversible and Irreversible Deformation of Van der Waals Networks -- Photopolymerization of Diacrylates -- Simulation Model for Densely Cross-Linked Networks Formed by Chain-Reactions -- Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of EPDM Networks -- Some Comments on the Thermodynamics of Swelling -- Thermoreversible Gelation of Vinyl Polymers -- Static and Dynamic Lightscattering of Thermoreversible Gelling iota-Carrageenan -- Effects of Poly(acrylamide) on the Solution and Gel Properties of Water-Gelatin System -- Compatibility and Viscoelasticity of Mixed Biopolymer Gels -- Halato-Telechelic Polymers as Models of Ion-Containing Polymers and Thermoreversible Polymer Networks -- Ion-Containing Networks: Structural Modifications Induced by Lithium Ions -- Ion-Containing Networks: Recent Results Concerning Transport Properties -- V: Diffusion/Barrier Properties -- Diffusion of Gases and Liquids in Glassy and Semi-Crystalline Polymers -- Transport Regulated Electrochemical Reactions in Polyimide Films -- Processing of Barrier Film by Coextrusion -- VI: Chain Dynamics -- Single-Chain Dynamics in Polymer Characterization -- Non-Ideal Statistics and Polymer Dynamics -- Computation and Display of Polymer Chain Behaviour -- Deuteron-NMR Studies of Molecular Motions in Solid Polymers -- A Two-Dimensional NMR Study of Very Slow Molecular Motions in Polymers -- Transitions and Mobile Phases by NMR Normal Alkanes and Polyethylene -- Morphology and Chain Dynamics of Polymers as Reflected from Polymer-Dye Interactions -- Emission Spectroscopy and the Molecular Mobility of Polyepoxide Networks -- Mobility of Sidegroups in Polydimethylsiloxane -- Glass Transitions in Unsymmetrically Substituted Siloxanes -- VII: Processing/Rheology -- From Molecular Models to the Solution of Flow Problems -- Transient-Network Theories: New Developments and Applications -- Rheological Properties of a LDPE Melt in Transient Uniaxial Elongational Flow, Described with a Special Type of Constitutive Equation -- Physical Background of Mould Filling With and Without Crystallization -- On the Mathematical Modelling of the Injection Moulding Process -- Mixing Processes in Polymer Processing -- Blending of Incompatible Polymers -- Polymer Reactions During Melt-Processing -- Assessing Rubber Processing Aids Effectiveness -- Plastics Processing -- VIII: Structure and Morphology -- Some Facets of Order in Crystalline Polymers as Revealed by Polyethylene -- Investigation of the Crystallization Process of Polymers by Means of Neutron Scattering -- Lamellar Organization in Polymer Spherulites -- Considerations on the Crystallization with Chain Folding in Polymers -- Chain Mobility in Phase Transformations of Inorganic Polymers -- Ultra-Drawing of High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Cast from Solution. IV. Effect of Annealing/Re-crystallization -- Microhardness of Semicrystalline Polymers -- Model Calculations for WAXS Profiles from the Polymer Crystalline Particle Size Distribution -- Infrared Spectroscopy on PET Yarns -- Interaction Between Crystallization and Orientation -- Neutron Scattering of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) -- The Similarity Between Cellulose and Aramid Fibres -- Crystalline Order in Nylon 4,6 -- Pulsed EPR Study of the Trapping Process of Radicals in Polyethylene -- Analysis of Filled Rubbers Using SAXS -- SAXS Studies of Semi-Crystalline Polymer Blends Using Synchrotron Radiation -- Ultra-Drawing of Polypropylene -- Spinning of Fibers from Cellulose Solutions in Amine Oxides -- IX: New Developments -- Future Trends in Polymer Chemistry -- Recent Investigations of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks -- Polymers with Metal-like Conductivity: Structure, Properties and Applications -- The Mechanical Properties of Polypyrrole Plates -- High Modulus Flexible Polymers -- Radiation Treatment of Polymers -- High Precision Replication of Laservision Video Discs Using UV-Curable Coatings -- Fast Curing Low-Modulus Coatings for High-Strength Optical Fibres -- Replication of High Precision Aspherical Lenses Using UV-Curable Coatings.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401165587
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Physiology of Haemopoiesis -- 2. Mechanisms and Limitations of Fish Acid-Base Regulation -- 3. Physiological Investigations of Marlin -- 4. Fish Cardiology: Structural, Haemodynamic, Electromechanical and Metabolic Aspects -- 5. Control of Gill Blood Flow -- 6. Exercise -- 7. Gastro-intestinal Peptides in Fish -- 8. Gastro-intestinal Physiology: Rates of Food Processing in Fish -- 9. Filtration in the Perfused Hagfish Glomerulus -- 10. Physiological Methods in Fish Toxicology: Laboratory and Field Studies -- 11. Toxicity Testing Procedures.
    Abstract: Fishes are very successful vertebrates and have adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions, from the deep ocean to the smallest brook or pond. The physiological background to these environmental adaptations is, obviously, far from clear, and provides fish physiologists with many challenges. The number of extant fish species has been estimated to be in excess of 20000, and only relatively few of these have been subject to physiological studies. Yet among these animals can be found many physiological systems different from those of the land-dwelling vertebrates, and also systems similar to those of the 'higher' vertebrates but at a different level of phylogenetic development. Apart from the rapidly increasing interest in basic fish physi­ ology, the last few years have seen a dramatic increase in applied research, aimed primarily in two directions: fish culture and envi­ ronmental toxicology. Physiological research is of vital importance in both these fields, and basic fish physiology is a necessary base for the applied research. This book is intended for a wide readership among senior undergraduate, postgraduate and research students, as well as uni­ versity teachers and researchers in zoology, physiology, aqua­ culture and biology generally. The book focuses on five major areas of basic and applied research: haemopoiesis, acid-base regu­ lation, circulation, gastro-intestinal functions and physiological toxicology. The chapters will serve as introductions to these fields, as well as up-to-date reviews of the most recent advances in the research areas.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Physiology of Haemopoiesis2. Mechanisms and Limitations of Fish Acid-Base Regulation -- 3. Physiological Investigations of Marlin -- 4. Fish Cardiology: Structural, Haemodynamic, Electromechanical and Metabolic Aspects -- 5. Control of Gill Blood Flow -- 6. Exercise -- 7. Gastro-intestinal Peptides in Fish -- 8. Gastro-intestinal Physiology: Rates of Food Processing in Fish -- 9. Filtration in the Perfused Hagfish Glomerulus -- 10. Physiological Methods in Fish Toxicology: Laboratory and Field Studies -- 11. Toxicity Testing Procedures.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401173858
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 History and Growth of Fruit Processing -- 2 Harvesting, Handling, and Holding Fruit -- 3 Fruit Washing, Peeling, and Preparation for Processing -- 4 Seasonal Suitability of Fruits for Processing -- 5 Factors Affecting Microflora in Processed Fruits -- 6 Canning of Fruits -- 7 Freezing Fruits -- 8 Dehydration of Fruits -- 9 Brining Cherries and Other Fruits -- 10 Other Products and Processes -- 11 Flavor and Color of Fruits as Affected by Processing -- 12 Composition and Nutritive Value of Raw and Processed Fruits -- 13 Grades and Standards for Raw and Processed Fruits -- 14 Storage Life of Canned, Frozen, Dehydrated, and Preserved Fruits -- 15 Plant Sanitation and Waste Disposal -- 16 Fruit Consumption Trends and Prospects.
    Abstract: • use of fewer additives containing sodium, spices, artificial colors and flavors, and "energy" • continued use of fruits in cereals, salads, cakes, pies, and other com­ binations, as a source of minerals, vitamins, fiber, and natural flavors and colors An important recent innovation is low-moisture processing, in which fruit, with no added sugar, preservative, or carrier, is converted into convenient dehydrated forms. Development of this technology has been stimulated by high transportation rates, improvements in technology, and revolutionary new packages. In addition to raisins, prunes, and dehy­ drated apples, pears, peaches, and apricots, bananas are available in flakes, slices, and granules; pineapple and other tropical fruits also are available in new forms. Another low-moisture product is apple fiber sol­ ids, consisting of cell wall material (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin) and apple sugars. Low-moisture forms of other fruits are becom­ mg more common. Commercial Fruit Processing is a companion volume to Commercial Vegetable Processing, also edited by B. S. Luh and J. G. Woodroof; both are being updated and revised simultaneously. Grateful acknowledgments and thanks go to contributors who wrote in their own area of expertise on commercial fruit processing. Credit also goes to more than a dozen commercial companies and individuals who supplied photographs, charts, tables, and data from commercial opera­ tions. Thanks also to Ann Autry who typed, corrected, and edited the manu­ script; and to Naomi C. Woodroof, my wife, for assisting in research.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 History and Growth of Fruit Processing2 Harvesting, Handling, and Holding Fruit -- 3 Fruit Washing, Peeling, and Preparation for Processing -- 4 Seasonal Suitability of Fruits for Processing -- 5 Factors Affecting Microflora in Processed Fruits -- 6 Canning of Fruits -- 7 Freezing Fruits -- 8 Dehydration of Fruits -- 9 Brining Cherries and Other Fruits -- 10 Other Products and Processes -- 11 Flavor and Color of Fruits as Affected by Processing -- 12 Composition and Nutritive Value of Raw and Processed Fruits -- 13 Grades and Standards for Raw and Processed Fruits -- 14 Storage Life of Canned, Frozen, Dehydrated, and Preserved Fruits -- 15 Plant Sanitation and Waste Disposal -- 16 Fruit Consumption Trends and Prospects.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400941410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIII, 362 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public health laws ; Surgery ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Private international law.
    Abstract: 1 Historical background and introduction -- 2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
    Abstract: The Medicines Act 1968 together with its delegated legislation comprehensively controls the manufacture, packaging, labelling, distribution and promotion of medicines for both human and animal use in the United Kingdom. It also controls the import and export of such medicines. It replaced a patchwork of controls which evolved over a century. Since its enactment, more than 150 items of delegated legislation (orders and regulations) have been made under its provisions and about 130 are still operative. The sheer physical bulk of this mass of material causes difficulty, not only in comprehension but also in finding the detail so often required. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that some pieces of legislation have been amended several times. My principal aim is to provide a reference book which contains all of the provisions of the Act and its various orders, regulations as amended to date. The material is arranged to facilitate the search for detail. In order to assist the reader in finding his way through this maze, Chaper 1 consists of a survey of the situation which existed before the Act came into being, together with a synopsis of the present controls. This should enable the reader to appreciate the changes which have occurred and how the system works.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Historical background and introduction2 The administration of the Act -- 3 Medicinal products and other articles -- 4 The licensing system -- 5 Licences and certificates relating to products -- 6 Licences for activities -- 7 Controls over the sale and distribution of medicines -- 8 Wholesale sales -- 9 Retail sale of medicines for human use -- 10 Dispensing medicines -- 11 Sales, supplies and administration by exempted users -- 12 Herbal remedies -- 13 Homoeopathy and similar systems of medicine -- 14 Medicinal products for administration to animals -- 15 Medicated animal feeding stuffs -- 16 The packaging and labelling of medicines -- 17 The quality of medicinal products reaching the consumer -- 18 Promotion of sales of medicinal products -- 19 Advertisements and representations directed to practitioners -- 20 Advertisements directed to the public -- 21 Pharmacies -- Appendix 1: Definitions of words and phrases used in the Act and subordinate legislation -- Appendix 2: Recommended warning and advisory labels for dispensed medicines -- Appendix 3: Code of ethics of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain -- Appendix 3B: Guide to good dispensing practice -- Appendix 3C: Guide to the self-assessment of professional practice activites -- Appendix 4: NHS limited list.
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