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  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1986  (15)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (15)
  • Science Philosophy  (15)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789400947306
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (375p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 33
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 33
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: Kant’s Quest for a Method for Metaphysics -- I The Metaphysical Grounding of Newtonian Natural Philosophy -- The Metaphysical Foundations of Newtonian Science -- Kant’s Two Grand Hypotheses -- Filled with Wonder: Kant’s Cosmological Essay, the Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens -- II The Structure of Scientific Methodology -- Kant’s ‘Special Metaphysics’ and The Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- The Methodological Structure of Kant’s Metaphysics of Science -- Projecting the Order of Nature -- III The Status of Physical Laws and of Theoretical Entities -- Kant on the A Priori and Material Necessity -- Kant’s Methodology: Progress Beyond Newton? -- Kant on Realism and Methodology -- IV A Thesis About Kant’s Theory of Knowledge -- Kant’s Epistemology as a Theory of Alienated Knowledge -- Notes on the Authors.
    Abstract: The papers in this volume are offered in celebration of the 200th anni versary of the pub 1 i cat i on of Inmanue 1 Kant's The MetaphysicaL Foundations of NatupaL Science. All of the es­ says (including the Introduction) save two were written espe­ ci ally for thi s volume. Gernot Bohme' s paper is an amended and enlarged version of one originally read in the series of lectures and colloquia in philosophy of science offered by Boston University. My own paper is a revised and enlarged version (with an appendix containing completely new material) of one read at the biennial meeting of the Philosophy of Sci­ ence Association held in Chicago in 1984. Why is it important to devote this attention to Kant's last published work in the philosophy of physics? The excellent essays in the volume will answer the question. I will provide some schematic com­ ments designed to provide an image leading from the general question to its very specific answers. Kant is best known for hi s monumental Croitique of Pure Reason and for his writings in ethical theory. His "critical" philosophy requires an initial sharp division of knowledge into its theoretical and practical parts. Moral perfection of attempts to act out of duty is the aim of practical reason. The aim of theoretical reason is to know the truth about ma­ terial and spiritual nature.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789400945609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The Galileo that Feyerabend Missed: An Improved Case Against Method -- Cartesian Method as Mythic Speech: A Diachronic and Structural Analysis -- Steady as a Rock: Methodology and Moving Continents -- Methodology as a Normative Conceptual Problem: The Case of the Indian ‘Warped Zipper’ Model of DNA -- Inside the Cell: Genetic Methodology and the Case of the Cytoplasm -- The Order of Ideas: Condillac’s Method of Analysis as a Political Instrument in the French Revolution -- Method and the ‘Micropolitics’ of Science: The Early Years of the Geological and Astronomical Societies of London -- Scientific Method and the Rhetoric of Science in Britain, 1830–1917 -- Notes On Contributors -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour began comparatively earl- though not always under that name - in the Australasian region. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appoint­ ments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and 1960s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume comprises a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. Papers address general issues, however, rather than local ones; parochial topics are avoided. Further­ more, though in each volume a majority of the contributors is from Australia or New Zealand, contributions from elsewhere are by no means ruled out. Quite the reverse, in fact - they are actively encour­ aged wherever appropriate to the balance of the volume in question.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401094351
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science.
    Abstract: The Nature of Scientific Integration -- I: The Coming Together of Biochemistry -- Intermediary Metabolism in the Early Twentieth Century -- Biochemistry: A Cross-Disciplinary Endeavor That Discovered A Distinctive Domain -- Editor’s Commentary -- II: Dobzhansky’s Contribution to the Evolutionary Synthesis -- Relations Among Fields in the Evolutionary Synthesis -- The Synthesis and the Synthetic Theory -- Editor’s Commentary -- III: Incorporating Developmental Biology into The Evolutionary Synthesis -- Can Embryologists Contribute to an Understandin gof Evolutionary Mechanisms? -- A Framework to Think About Evolving Genetic Regulatory Systems -- Developmental Constraints, Generative Entrenchment, and the Innate-Acquired Distinction -- On Integrating the Study of Evolution and of Development -- Editor’s Commentary -- IV: Extending Cognitive Science -- The Evolution of Communicative Capacities -- Language, Thought, and Communication -- Editor’s Commentary -- V: Infusing Cognitive Approaches into Animal Ethology -- Behavior Implies Cognition -- Intelligence: From Genes to Genius in the Quest for Control -- Cognitive Explanations and Cognitive Ethology -- Editor’s Commentary.
    Abstract: Interdisciplinary research has been a popular idea with many people in the last 20 years. Academic administrators have admonished their faculty to become more interdisciplinary. Students often request the chance to pursue an interdisciplinary degree. While the issue of managing interdisciplinary projects has received a fair amount of attention by those interested in science management, interdisciplinary research has received little attention from historians, philosophers or sociologists of science or from scientists themselves. Yet, there l;lre a number of cases within the life sciences where researchers have been actively engaged in endeavors that take them across disciplinary boundaries. These are ripe for investigation by those interested in the process of science. To provide an in-depth study of some historical or contemporary cases of cross­ disciplinary research activity in the life sciences, a conference was held at Georgia State University in May, 1984. This conference was supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (U. S. A. ) through their research conference program. Over a three-day period historians, philosophers, and researchers who were actively engaged in various of the life sciences discussed specific examples of interdisciplinary research and tried to analyze what was needed for successful crossing of disciplinary boundaries. After the conference, each of the participants revised their original presentations, partly in light of the discussion at the conference. The papers in this volume are the fruits of that endeavor.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401729666
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 153
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Featuring the Gestalt Model and the Perspectivist conception of science, this book is unique in its non-relativistic development of the idea that successive scientific theories are logically incommensurable. This edition includes four new appendices in which the central ideas of the book are applied to subatomic physics, the distinction between laws and theories, the relation between absolute and relative conceptions of space, and the environmental issue of sustainable development
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789400963931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (355p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: A Pallas Paperback
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 24
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Kant, Immanuel 1724-1804 ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Metaphysik
    Abstract: Kant as Physician of the Soul -- Spiritual Medicine: Placebo and Prevention -- Data and Regulation -- The Anomaly of the Supersensible -- The Limits of Knowledge -- The Leibnizian Background -- Kant and DGM -- A Summary of Things to Come -- I/Metaphysical Explanation in Leibniz: The Monads -- The Monadology -- Perception and Perspective -- Results to be Noted -- The Received View of the Origins of the Monadology -- Stress Yield Points and Pain Thresholds -- A New Reading of Leibniz -- The Monads Again -- Leibniz’ Gnostic Background -- The Transition to DGM -- Some High Stress Yield Points of Leibniz -- From the Monads to Kant -- II/Leibniz on the Side of the Angels -- The Methodological Angel -- Angelic Explanation -- Galileo and Plato -- The God’s-eye View -- Empirical Adequacy -- Mechanical Methodism -- Angelic Alchemy -- Angelic Logic -- A Metaphysical Problem -- A Speculative Postscript -- III/Kant, ESP, and the Inaugural Dissertation -- Kant’s Departure from Leibniz: First Stage -- Kant’s Interest in the Paranormal -- Departure from Leibniz: Second Stage -- Swedenborg, the Ghostseer -- Why did Kant Write Träume? -- Broad’s Sociological Explanation -- The Question of Anonymity -- The Second Letter to Mendelssohn -- Can Spirits be Located? -- Spiritualism in the Lectures on Metaphysics -- Supersensibility and the Inaugural Dissertation -- The Corpus Mysticum -- Sceptical Conclusions -- Afternote to This Chapter -- Appendix to Chapter III/A Translation of thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces (Sect. 4) -- IV/Soemmering and Euler: Space and the Soul -- Space and the Paralogisms -- Sömmering and the sensorium commune -- Euler and the corpus callosum -- Transition to the Critical Philosophy -- V/Kant: Space and the Soul -- Kant’s Space -- The Soul Paralogized -- The Presumed Idealism/Realism Tension in Kant -- VI/Rules, Images and Constructions: Kant’s Constructive Idealism -- Prelminaries -- Kant’s Schemata as Semantical Rules -- An Example of Schematization -- Schemata and the Schwärmerei -- Schemata and Dreams -- Kant’s Constructivist Theory of Mathematics: Intuition and Sensation -- Appearances as Apparitional Contents -- Terminology Summarized -- The Epistemic Rôle of Sensations -- Construction and A Priori Intuition -- Defining and Inventing Concepts -- Application and Objectification -- Construction in Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science: an Example -- Rules and Examples -- Again: the Question of Applicability -- VII/Kant’s DGM: Two Fundamental Principles of Methodology -- A World Without the Angels -- The Needs and Demands of Reason -- The Phenomenal and the Noumenal -- The Regulative Employment of Ideas of Reason -- The Phenomenal and the Regulative -- VIII/Kant’s DGM: Hypotheses in Science -- Double Government and Other Methodologies -- Methods as Part of the Empirical Content of Science -- Methodology: the Hypothetical and the Possible -- Methodology: Hypothesis and Explanation -- Hypothesis and Explanation -- Nature and Lawlikeness -- Points of Logic -- Hypotheses and DGM -- The Question of Ontology -- IX/Kant’s DGM: The Restoration of Teleology -- Remembering Leibniz -- The Solution of the Third Antinomy -- Two Concepts of Freedom -- Twists in a Famous Argument -- Two Unpromising Alternatives -- Again: the Epistemological Turn -- The Problem of the Thing-in-Itself in General Form -- Lewis White Beck’s ‘only way out of the dilemma’ -- Understanding and Understandability -- Teleology and the Supersensible Substrate -- The Mechanism/Teleology Antinomy -- Leibniz and Kant: the Double Government Methodology -- Central Nervous System/Philosophers as Dieticians of the Mind -- Kant’s Interest in Psychopathology -- Diseases of the Head -- The Schwärmerei in Religion -- Kant’s Late Nosology of Mental Diseases -- Kant’s Dietetic of the Mind -- A Gerontological Dietetic of the Mind -- The Point of All of This.
    Abstract: This is a book about dreaming and knowing, and about thinking that one can ascertain the difference. It is a book about the Bernards of the world who would have us believe that there is a humanly uncreated world existing en Boi that freely dis­ closes its forever fixed ontology, even though they too must accept that -many of the worlds we make as we try to under­ stand ourselves are counterfeit. It is a book about the real estate of the human mind. The book is about Leibniz and Kant, and about methods of science. It is also about what is now called pseudo-science. It tries to show how Kant struggled to mark the limits of the humanly knowable, and how thi s strug­ gle involved him in trying to answer questions of importance then and now. Some are philosophers' questions: the epistemo­ logical status of mathematics, the role of space and time in knowing, the nature of the conceptual constraints on our ef­ forts to hypothesize the possible. Some are questions of per­ ennial human interest: Can spirits exist? How is the soul re­ lated to the body? How can we legitimately talk about God, if at all? Finally, Kant teaches that these are all questions bearing on our entitlements in claiming to know. Leibniz fashioned a way of talking about nature and super­ nature that I call the Double Government Methodology.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789400945661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 95
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 95
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia -- Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia: A Comment -- The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought: Skepticism, Science and Millenarianism -- The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought: A Comment -- Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism -- Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism: A Comment -- Practical Reasoning -- Practical Reasoning — The Bottom Line: A Comment -- Medicine and the Boer War: Social and Political Consequences -- Medicine and the Boer War: A Comment -- Koch’s Bacillus: Was There a Technological Fix? -- Koch’s Bacillus: A Comment -- Can Genetics Explain Development? -- Eddington Centennial Symposium -- Opening Remarks -- The Nature of the Physical World Revisited -- Eddington and the Large Numbers -- The Fine-Structure Constant: From Eddington’s Time to Our Own -- Eddington and Einstein.
    Abstract: This is the second volume of Proceedings of the Israel Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science. At the time that this preface is being written, the fourth annual series of lectures within the framework of the Israel Colloquium is already behind us and the fifth is underway. The Israel Colloquium thus has now not only a future to look forward to but also a past which is a source ,of pride and pleasure for those who take part in this venture. The Israel Colloquium has, I believe, struck roots in the Israeli scientific and intellectual life, while drawing on the ever-increasing readiness of the international scientific and intellectual community for continuous support. As in the first volume, here too the papers presented, taken together, attempt a threefold representation of science and of the scientific activity: the historical, the social, and the systematic. A novel focal point in this volume is the treatment of some case studies illuminating historical, social, and philosophical aspects of medicine. Another center of gravity here is the Eddington Centennial Symposium which was a main event in the Collo­ quium activity of the 1982-83 series. This is a fitting place for me to report with sorrow the untimely death in the summer of 1984 of Solly G. Cohen, one of Israel's leading scientists, who is among the contributors to this volume.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945906
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (464p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 17
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- 1. The Heraclitean-Eleatic Clash -- 2. Paradoxes of Being -- 3. Einstein and Epicurus -- 4. The Rationalism of the Renaissance -- 5. Descartes -- 6. Spinoza and Einstein -- 7. The Genesis of Classical Science and the Problem of Nonidentity -- 8. Dynamism and the Critique of Stationary Being -- II -- 9. Heterogeneous Being -- 10. Existence and Actuality -- 11. Understanding and Reason in Nineteenth- and Twentieth- Century Science -- 12. Nothing and the Vacuum -- Afterword -- Afterword -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Boris Kuznetsov was a scientist among humanists, a philosopher among scientists, a historian for those who look to the future, an optimist in an age of sadness. He was steeped in classical European culture, from earliest times to the latest avant-garde, and he roamed through the ages, an inveterate time-traveller, chatting and arguing with Aristotle and Descartes, Heine and Dante, among many others. Kuznetsov was also, in his intelligent and thoughtful way, a Marxist scholar and a practical engineer, a patriotic Russian Jew of the first sixty years of the Soviet Union. Above all he meditated upon the revolutionary developments of the natural sciences, throughout history to be sure but particularly in his own time, the time of what he called 'non-classical science', and of his beloved and noblest hero, Albert Einstein. Kuznetsov was born in Dnepropetrovsk on October 5, 1903 (then Yekaterinoslav). By early years he had begun to teach, first in 1921 at an institute of mining engineering and then at other technological institutions. By 1933 he had received a scientific post within the Academy of Science of the U. S. S. R. , and then at the end of the Second World War he joined several colleagues at the new Institute of the History of Science and Technology. For more than 40 years he worked there until his death two years ago.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789400945005
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 88
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 88
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Problems and Methods of Analysis -- 2. Science and Philosophy; Newton and Leibniz -- 3. ‘Absolute’ and ‘Relative’ Space -- 4. Newton’s Theory of Space and the Space Theory of Newtonianism -- 5. The Leibniz-Newton Discussion and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence -- One/Element and System in Classical Mechanics -- I. Newton’s Justification of the Theory of Absolute Space -- II. Leibniz’s Foundations of Dynamics -- III. The Discussion Between Leibniz and Newton on the Concept of Science -- Two/Element and System in Modern Philosophy -- IV. The Concept of Element in 17th Century Natural Philosophy -- V. The Concept of Element in the Systematic Philosophy of Hobbes -- VI. The Concept of Element in 18th Century Social Philosophy -- VII. The Relationship Between Natural and Social Philosophy in the Work of Newton, Rousseau, and Smith -- Three/On the Social History of the Bourgeois Concept of the Individual -- VIII. England Before the Revolution -- IX. The Antifeudal Social Philosophy of Hobbes -- X. The Rise of Civil Society in England -- XI. Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society -- XII. Civil Society and Analytic-Synthetic Method -- Four/Atom and Individual -- XIII. The Bourgeois Individual and the Essential Properties of a Particle in Newton’s Thought -- XIV. Element and System in the Philosophy of Leibniz -- Afterword -- Notes -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- List of Abbreviations -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In this stimulating investigation, Gideon Freudenthal has linked social history with the history of science by formulating an interesting proposal: that the supposed influence of social theory may be seen as actual through its co­ herence with the process of formation of physical concepts. The reinterpre­ tation of the development of science in the seventeenth century, now widely influential, receives at Freudenthal's hand its most persuasive statement, most significantly because of his attention to the theoretical form which is charac­ teristic. of classical Newtonian mechanics. He pursues the sources of the parallels that may be noted between that mechanics and the dominant philosophical systems and social theories of the time; and in a fascinating development Freudenthal shows how a quite precise method - as he descriptively labels it, the 'analytic-synthetic method' - which underlay the Newtonian form of theoretical argument, was due to certain interpretive premisses concerning particle mechanics. If he is right, these depend upon a particular stage of con­ ceptual achievement in the theories of both society and nature; further, that the conceptual was generalized philosophically; but, strikingly, Freudenthal shows that this concept-formation itself was linked to the specific social relations of the times of Newton and Hobbes.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400947641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 184
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Research Programmes and Criteria for Cognitive Success: Some Views from Recent Philosophy of Science -- 1. Popper’s view on scientific progress -- 2. What counts as a proper prediction? -- 3. Lakatos’s view on scientific development: research programmes -- 4. Criteria for a successful research programme -- 5. Guide to the next chapters -- II. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiment: The Birth of a New Research Programme -- 1. The prehistory of the nmr experiment -- 2. The nmr experiment and its underlying theory -- 3. Global significance of the nmr experiment: the birth of a new research programme -- 4. Local significance of the first nmr experiments: disconfirming the prevailing theory of the nmr phenomenon -- 5. Gorter’s bad luck, or why he did not win a Nobel prize -- III. Lakatos’s Theory and the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Programme; The Conceptual Adequacy of Lakatos’s Theory -- 1. The descriptive claims connected with Lakatos’s theory of scientific development -- 2. The nmr programme and the conceptual adequacy of Lakatos’s theory -- 3. A first modification of Lakatos’s theory -- IV. The Development of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Programme; The Explanatory Failure of Lakatos’s Theory -- 1. The BPP theory of nuclear magnetic relaxation; its Lakatosian merits; and some methodological problems encountered in establishing such merits -- 2. Line shapes in solids -- 3. Nmr phenomena in metals -- 4. The chemical shift -- 5. A shift in liquids due to paramagnetic ions -- 6. The hyper fine splitting -- 7. Remarks on later developments of the nmr programme -- 8. Conclusions -- V. Theories from the Nmr Programme as Theories of Measurement: Resolving the Anomaly -- 1. Nmr theories as theories of measurement -- 2. The phenomena being observed in applying theories of nmr belong to other domains -- 3. The dependence of the nmr programme on extrinsic success -- VI. The Structure of Theory Development: The Nmr Programme Seen from the Structuralist Perspective -- 1. The structuralist perspective on “normal science” -- 2. The theory net representing the nmr programme -- 3. The nature of the elaboration relation 190 -- 4. Elucidation of the “conceptual” terms of Lakatos’s theory -- VII. Intrinsic Success and Extrinsic Success of Research Programmes; A Model of Scientific Development Unifying the Approaches of Lakatos and the Starnberg School -- 1. External influentiability according to the Starnberg school; two successive models -- 2. The limitations of Lakatos’s model and of the Starnberg finalization model -- 3. Intrinsic success and extrinsic success of research programmes -- 4. Links with the views of the physicists: Weisskopf, Casimir, Weinberg -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: From the nineteen sixties onwards a branch of philosophy of science has come to development, called history-oriented philosophy of science. This development constitutes a reaction on the then prevailing logical empiricist conception of scientific knowledge. The latter was increasingly seen as suffering from insurmountable internal problems, like e. g. the problems with the particular "observational-theoretical distinction" on which it drew. In addition the logical empiricists' general approach was increasingly criticized for two external shortcomings. Firstly, the examples of scientific knowledge that the logical empiricists were focusing on were con­ sidered as too simplistic to be informative on the nature of real life science. Secondly, it was felt that the attention of these philosophers of science was restricted to the static aspects of scientific knowledge, while neglecting its developmental aspects. History-oriented philosophy of science has taken up the challenge implicit in the latter two criticisms, i. e. to develop accounts of science that would be more adequate for understanding the development 1 of real life science. One of the more successful products of this branch of philosophy of science is Lakatos's theory of scientific development, sometimes called the "methodology of scientific research programmes". This theory conceives science as consisting of so called research program­ mes developing in time, and competing with each other over the issue which one generates the best explan~tions of the phenomena that they address.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789400945128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in FUDPUCKER, WM. E. ARE COMPUTERS REALLY ALL THAT IMPORTANT? 1987
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 90
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 90
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction: Information Technology and Computers as Themes in the Philosophy of Technology -- I/The Metaphysical and Epistemological Character of Information -- Information Measurement and Information Technology: A Myth of the Twentieth Century -- Information Technologies as Vehicles of Evolution -- The Theory-ladenness of Information -- Information Does Not Make Sense — Or: The Relevance Gap in Information Technology and Its Social Dangers -- “Information” in Epistemological and Ontological Perspective -- II/Philosophical Analyses of the Interactions Between Human Beings and Computers -- Bio-Social Cybernetic Determination - or Responsible Freedom? -- Minds, Machines and Meaning -- From Socrates to Expert Systems: The Limits of Calculative Rationality -- Machine Perception -- Men and Machines: The Computational Metaphor -- Information, Artificial Intelligence, and the Praxical -- III/Ethical and Political Issues Associated with Information Technology and Computers -- Philosophical Reflections on the Microelectronic Revolution -- Microelectronics and Workers’Rights -- Information Technology and the Technological System -- The Computer as a Diagnostic Tool in Medicine -- Socio-Philosophical Notes on the Implications of the Computer Revolution -- Information Technology and the Problem of Incontinence -- Privacy as an Ethical Problem in the Computer Society -- Myth Information: Romantic Politics in the Computer Revolution -- Who Is to Blame for Data Pollution? On Individual Moral Responsibility with Information Technology -- Select Annotated Bibliography on Philosophical Studies of Information Technology and Computers -- 1. Bibliographies -- 2. Historical Studies -- 3. Technical Studies -- 4. General Bibliography -- 5. Author Index -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Until recently, the philosophy and history of science proceeded in a separate way from the philosophy and history of technology, and indeed with respect to both science and technology, philosophical and historical inquiries were also following their separate ways. Now we see in the past quarter-century how the philosophy of science has been profoundly in­ fluenced by historical studies of the sciences, and no longer concerned so single-mindedly with the analysis of theory and explanation, with the re­ lation between hypotheses and experimental observation. Now also we see the traditional historical studies of technology supplemented by phi­ losophical questions, and no longer so plainly focussed upon contexts of application, on invention and practical engineering, and on the mutually stimulating relations between technology and society. Further, alas, the neat division of intellectual labor, those clearly drawn distinctions be­ tween science and technology, between the theoretical and the applied, between discovery and justification, between internalist and externalist approaches . . . all, all have become muddled! Partly, this is due to internal revolutions within the philosophy and his­ tory of science (the first result being recognition of their mutual rele­ vance). Partly, however, this state of 'muddle' is due to external factors: science, at the least in the last half-century, has become so intimately connected with technology, and technological developments have cre­ ated so many new fields of scientific (and philosophical) inquiry that any critical reflection on scientific and technological endeavors must hence­ forth take their interaction into account.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400945142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 91
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 91
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Spinoza and Seventeenth Century Science -- Spinoza in the Century of Science -- Spinoza and Cartesian Mechanics (translated by Debra Nails and Pascal Gallez) -- Spinoza and the Rise of Modern Science in the Netherlands -- II. Spinoza: Scientist -- Spinoza: Scientist and Theorist of Scientific Method -- Spinoza and Euclidean Arithmetic: The Example of the Fourth Proportional (translated by David Lachterman) -- III. Spinoza and the Human Sciences: Politics and Hermeneutics -- Towards a Canonic Version of Classical Political Theory -- Some New Light on the Roots of Spinoza’s Science of Bible Study -- IV. Scientific-Metaphysical Reflections -- Self-Knowledge as Self-Preservation? -- Spinoza’s Version of the Eternity of -- V. Spinoza and Twentieth Century Science -- Parallelism and Complementarity: The Psycho-Physical Problem in Spinoza and in the Succession of Niels Bohr -- Res Extensa and the Space-Time Continuum -- Einstein and Spinoza (translated by Michel Paty and Robert S. Cohen) -- VI. Bibliography -- Annotated Bibliography of Spinoza and the the Mind Sciences -- Index Locorum -- General Index.
    Abstract: Prefatory Explanation It must be remarked at once that I am 'editor' of this volume only in that I had the honor of presiding at the symposium on Spinoza and the Sciences at which a number of these papers were presented (exceptions are those by Hans Jonas, Richard Popkin, Joe VanZandt and our four European contributors), in that I have given some editorial advice on details of some of the papers, including translations, and finally, in that my name appears on the cover. The choice of speakers, and of addi­ tional contributors, is entirely due to Robert Cohen and Debra Nails; and nearly all the burden of readying the manuscript for the press has been borne by the latter. In the introduction to another anthology on Spinoza I opened my remarks by quoting a statement of Sir Stuart Hampshire about inter­ pretations of Spinoza's chief work: All these masks have been fitted on him and each of them does to some extent fit. But they remain masks, not the living face. They do not show the moving tensions and unresolved conflicts in Spinoza's Ethics. (Hampshire, 1973, p. 297) The double theme of 'moving tensions' and 'unresolved conflicts' seems even more appropriate to the present volume. What is Spinoza's rela­ tion to the sciences? The answers are many, and they criss-cross one another in a number of complicated ways.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400944985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (504p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 87
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 87
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. -- Microbiology and Philosophy of Science, Lwów and the German Holocaust: Stations of a Life — Ludwik Fleck 1896–1961 -- II. Ludwik Fleck’s Papers on the Philosophy of Science -- 2.1. Some Specific Features of the Medical Way of Thinking [1927] -- 2.2. On the Crisis of ‘Reality’ [1929] -- 2.3. Scientific Observation and Perception in General [1935] -- 2.4. The Problem of Epistemology [1936] -- 2.5. Problems of the Science of Science [ 1946] -- 2.6. To Look, To See, To Know [1947] -- 2.7. Crisis in Science [unpublished, 1960] -- III. On Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Knowledge and Science -- 3.1. The Proto-Ideas and Their Aftermath -- 3.2. Polish Philosophy in the Inter-War Period and Ludwik Fleck’s Theory of Thought-Styles and Thought-Collectives -- 3.3. Ludwik Fleck and Polish Philosophy -- 3.4. Lwów as a Cultural and Intellectual Background of the Genesis of Fleck’s Ideas -- 3.5. Ludwik Fleck and the Influence of the Philosophy of Lwów -- 3.6. Ludwik Fleck and the Historical Interpretation of Science -- 3.7. Fleck’s Contribution to Epistemology -- 3.8. Is There a Distinction Between External and Internal Sociology of Science? (Commentary on a Paper of John Ziman) -- 3.9. On Ludwik Fleck’s Use of Social Categories in Knowledge -- 3.10. History of Science and Its Sociological Reconstructions -- 3.11. Some Determinants of Cognitive Style in Science -- 3.12. Some Comments on Fleck’s Interpretation of the Bordet-Wassermann Reaction in View of Present Biochemical Knowledge -- 3.13. Fleck’s Style -- 3.14. The Epistemology of the Science of an Epistemologist of the Sciences: Ludwik Fleck’s Professional Outlook and its Relationships to his Philosophical Works -- IV. -- Bibliography Of Ludwik Fleck -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Within the last ten years, the interest of historians and philosophers of science in the epistemological writings of the Polish medical microbiologist Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961), who had up to then been almost completely unknown, has advanced with great strides. His main writings on epistemological questions were published in the mid-1930's, but they remained almost unnoticed. Today, however, one may rightly call Fleck a 'classical' figure both of episte­ mology and of the historical sociology of science, one whose works are comparable with Popper's Logic of Scientific Discovery or Merton's pioneer­ ing study of the relations among economics, Puritanism, and natural science, both also originally published in the mid-1930's. The story of this book of 'materials on Ludwik Fleck' is also the story of the reception of Ludwik Fleck. In this volume, some essential materials which have been produced by that reception have been gathered together. We will sketch both the reception and the materials.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789400945968
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 21
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Tractatus Brevis -- First Principles of the Metaphysics of Life Charting the Human Condition: Man’s Creative Act and the Origin of Rationalities -- I The Network and Tentacles of Individual Existence -- Man as the Junction of Yin-Yang Relationships and Cosmic Heart: A Phenomeno- logical Interpretation of Some Chinese Ancient Texts about Human Nature -- Mastery in Eternal Recurrence -- The Development of the Sciences in Relation to Human Life: Existence Irreducible to Scientific Vision -- The Problem of the Autonomy of Human Existence in Heidegger’s Later Philosophy -- II Nature, Spirit, Soul -- De la nature à l’esprit par l’expérience humaine -- The Philosophy of Kant and a Theory of Subjectivity -- Human Nature and Mind in Martin Heidegger -- The Nature-Being Principle: A Consideration from Chu Hsi -- III The Spatio-Temporal Arteries of Individual Existence -- Du corps à la chair: Maurice Merleau-Ponty -- Toward a Genetic Phenomenology of Space Through a Critical Approach to Piaget -- Temps et finitude chez Husserl -- Man and History -- IV Some Further Perspectives Upon the Human Condition -- From Phenomenology to an Axio- Centric Ontology of the Human Condition -- The Human Condition: A Perspectival View -- “Thinking” in a World of Appearances: Hannah Arendt between Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger -- The Hero as the Spiritual Legacy of His Culture: Wen T’ien-Hsiang and His Admirers -- The Piety of Thinking: Heidegger’s Pathway to Comparative Philosophy -- The Modern Age as a Transitional Period: An Essay on Metaphenomenology -- Closure -- The Interdisciplinary Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition: A Dialogue between Chinese and Occidental Philosophy in Meeting the Challenge of Our Times -- Index of Names.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789400945388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Human Person and the Human Sciences -- The Moral Sense and the Human Person within the Fabric of Communal Life -- Psychiatry in Quest after Orientation -- The Moral Sense and Health Care -- On a Sociocultural Conception of Health and Disease -- The Education of a Medical Student -- II The Moral Sense in Psychiatry: the Switch From the Isolating Approach to that of “Transacting” with the other -- The Moral Sense and the Invisible Object -- The Genesis of a Purposeful Self -- The Unfolding of“Benevolent Sentiment” as the Basis of Psychotherapy -- Clinical Phenomenology as the“De- mythologising” of Psychiatry: The Movement toward the Other -- Theoretical Foundations of Psychiatry: The (K)not of Being as a (W)hole -- III Circuits of Communication -- A Phenomenological Approach to Language Acquisition and Autism in Terms of a Motor Unconscious -- Process Ethics and the Political Question -- IV Psychic Circuits of Sensibility and Morally Significant Spontaneities -- Natural Spontaneities and Morality in Confucian Philosophy -- Pathei Mathos — The Knowledge of Suffering -- Le visible et le tangible comme paradigmes du savoir -- V The Life-World and The Specifically Moral Significance of the Communal/Social World -- The Constitution of the Human Community: Value Experience in the Thought of Edmund Husserl; an Axiological Approach to Ethics -- Inter subjectivity and the Value of the Other -- Phenomenological Conceptions of the Life-World -- Controversies about Humanism in Sociology -- The Function of Norms in Social Existence -- Chinese Values: A Sociologist’s View -- The Moral A Priori and the Diversity of Cultures -- Index of Names.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789400947887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science and Related Fields 35
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Statistics ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Probability and the Future of Statistics -- A Neyman-Pearson-Wald View of Fiducial Probability -- Statistical Principles and Tangent Models -- Data Based Choice of an Ancillary Statistic -- Bernoulli Pairs with Invariant Reversals: An Example of Partial Likelihood -- A Decision-Likelihood Solution to the Problem of Comparing Two Simple Hypotheses -- Statistical Inference for the Overlap Hypothesis -- Bayesian Method of Detecting Change Point in Regression and Growth Curve Models -- How Much Improvement Can a Shrinkage Estimator Give? -- On Shrinkage and Preliminary Test M-Estimation in a Parallelism Problem -- An Algorithm for Concave Regression -- On the Prediction of the Difference Between Responses from Two Linear Models -- On Ultrastructural Relationships Models -- Testing for the Nullity of the Multiple Correlation Coefficient with Incomplete Multivariate Data -- Missing Value Problems in Multiple Linear Regression with Two Independent Variables -- A Bound for the Tail Area of the t Distribution for Samples from a Symmetrically Truncated Normal Population -- Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Stochastically Ordered Multinomial Populations with Fixed and Random Zeros -- On the Definition of Asymptotic Expectation -- Robust Techniques for Quantifying Categorical Data -- The Basic Bayesian Blunder -- Dynamic Coherence -- Sketch of the Theory of Nomic Probability -- Entropy and Uncertainty.
    Abstract: On May 27-31, 1985, a series of symposia was held at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, to celebrate the 70th birthday of Pro­ fessor V. M. Joshi. These symposia were chosen to reflect Professor Joshi's research interests as well as areas of expertise in statistical science among faculty in the Departments of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Economics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Philosophy. From these symposia, the six volumes which comprise the "Joshi Festschrift" have arisen. The 117 articles in this work reflect the broad interests and high quality of research of those who attended our conference. We would like to thank all of the contributors for their superb cooperation in helping us to complete this project. Our deepest gratitude must go to the three people who have spent so much of their time in the past year typing these volumes: Jackie Bell, Lise Constant, and Sandy Tarnowski. This work has been printed from "camera ready" copy produced by our Vax 785 computer and QMS Lasergraphix printers, using the text processing software TEX. At the initiation of this project, we were neophytes in the use of this system. Thank you, Jackie, Lise, and Sandy, for having the persistence and dedication needed to complete this undertaking.
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