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  • 1995-1999  (33)
  • 1980-1984  (131)
  • 1980  (131)
  • Dordrecht : Springer
  • Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Theory and society
    RVK:
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Series Statement: rororo ...
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Massenkultur ; Unterhaltung ; Massenmedien
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 1573-7853 , 1573-7853
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Theory and society
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaft ; Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Theorie ; Soziologische Theorie ; Logik der Sozialwissenschaft ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/10.1974/81 in: 10.1981,6; 11/19.1982/90 in: 19.1990,6
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  • 7
    Language: German
    Uniform Title: Critique de la raison dialectique 〈dt.〉
    RVK:
    Keywords: Existenzialismus ; Sozialphilosophie
    Note: [Mehr nicht erschienen]
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  • 8
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Das neue Buch ...
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsgeschichte und Sozialgeschichte ; Soziale Klasse ; Arbeiterbewegung ; Arbeiter ; Arbeiterbildung ; Biografie ; Quelle ; Arbeiterklasse ; Deutschland ; Arbeiter ; Sozialgeschichte 1740-1945
    Abstract: Sammlung proletarischer Autobiographien 〈dt.〉
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Pages: 19 cm
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reichardt, Sven, 1967 - Klaus Theweleits "Männerphantasien" – ein Erfolgsbuch der 1970er-Jahre 2007
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reichardt, Sven, 1967 - Klaus Theweleits "Männerphantasien" – ein Erfolgsbuch der 1970er-Jahre 2007
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 1977 u.d.T.: Theweleit, Klaus: Freikorpsliteratur
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sexualität ; Soldat / i. d. Literatur ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Mann ; Sexualverhalten ; Projektion ; Geschichte 1914-1945
    Note: Lizenz des Roter-Stern-Verl., Basel, Frankfurt am Main
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1971 -
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    ISSN: 0167-7276
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 -
    Additional Information: 3=2; 5=3 von International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Papers and debate of the ... international conference held by the International Husserl and Phenomenological Research Society Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1974
    Additional Information: 7=5 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Selected papers from the ... International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1975
    Additional Information: 6=4; 9=6 von International Phenomenology Conference (ZDB) Papers read at the International Phenomenology Conference Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel, 1977
    Additional Information: 2=[1] von International Phenomenological Conference (ZDB) Papers and debate of the International Phenomenological Conference Dordrecht : Reidel Publishing, 1972
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Analecta Husserliana
    Former Title: Vorg. Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung
    DDC: 100
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Husserl, Edmund 1859-1938 ; Phänomenologie
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
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  • 14
    Language: German
    Note: Bd. teilw. in den Reihen "rororo" oder "das neue buch" erschienen , Vincent von Wroblewsky erscheint erst bei den "Philosophischen Schriften I" als Hrsg , Aus dem Franz. übers.
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  • 15
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Rororo ...
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Kultur ; Ethnologie
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  • 16
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Rororo-Taschenbuch ...
    Uniform Title: A dictionary of archaeology 〈dt.〉
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Archäologie
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  • 17
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer ; 1.1974 -
    ISSN: 0921-8599 , 0169-7323
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 -
    Additional Information: 11=1 von Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter (ZDB) Papers presented at the ... Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ., 1978 0333-5135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Philosophical studies series
    Former Title: Philosophical studies series in philosophy
    Former Title: an international journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Den Haag : Junk ; 5.1957 -
    ISSN: 0077-0639
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 5.1957 -
    Additional Information: 18=1; 19=2 von Biogeography and ecology in South America The Hague, 1968
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Monographiae biologicae
    Former Title: Vorg. Physiologia comparata et oecologia
    DDC: 570
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Physiologie ; Medizin
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Leiden : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Mouton | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 0019-7246 , 1572-8536
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1957 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Indo-Iranian journal
    RVK:
    Keywords: Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Index 1/20.1957/78=26.1983,1/3
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Keywords: Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
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  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 24
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Rororo ...
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Ethnologie
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  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 26
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Rororo ...
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Ethnologie
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  • 27
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Rororo ...
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Ethnologie
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  • 28
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Pages: 19 cm
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reichardt, Sven, 1967 - Klaus Theweleits "Männerphantasien" – ein Erfolgsbuch der 1970er-Jahre 2007
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reichardt, Sven, 1967 - Klaus Theweleits "Männerphantasien" – ein Erfolgsbuch der 1970er-Jahre 2007
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 1977 u.d.T.: Theweleit, Klaus: Freikorpsliteratur
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sexualität ; Soldat / i. d. Literatur ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Mann ; Sexualverhalten ; Projektion ; Geschichte 1914-1945
    Note: Lizenz des Roter-Stern-Verl., Basel, Frankfurt am Main
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  • 29
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Pages: 19 cm
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reichardt, Sven, 1967 - Klaus Theweleits "Männerphantasien" – ein Erfolgsbuch der 1970er-Jahre 2007
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Reichardt, Sven, 1967 - Klaus Theweleits "Männerphantasien" – ein Erfolgsbuch der 1970er-Jahre 2007
    Dissertation note: Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 1977 u.d.T.: Theweleit, Klaus: Freikorpsliteratur
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sexualität ; Soldat / i. d. Literatur ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Mann ; Sexualverhalten ; Projektion ; Geschichte 1914-1945
    Note: Lizenz des Roter-Stern-Verl., Basel, Frankfurt am Main
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  • 30
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
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  • 31
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Rororo-Taschenbuch ...
    Uniform Title: A dictionary of archaeology 〈dt.〉
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Archäologie
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  • 32
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt ; 1.1972 - 890.1997[?]
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972 - 890.1997[?]
    Additional Information: 187=[19]79 von Egyház-Fórum Budapest : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2000 1215-0630
    Additional Information: 187=[19]79 von Comic-Kalender Reinbek, Hamburg : Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verl., 1978
    Additional Information: 757=[1]; 792=2; 838=3 von Engel & anderes Geflügel Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1994
    Subsequent Title: Aufgeg. in Rororo
    DDC: K
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 33
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt ; 1.1972 - 890.1997[?]
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1972 - 890.1997[?]
    Additional Information: 187=[19]79 von Comic-Kalender Reinbek, Hamburg : Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verl., 1978
    Additional Information: 757=[1]; 792=2; 838=3 von Engel & anderes Geflügel Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt, 1994
    Additional Information: 187=[19]79 von Egyház-Fórum Budapest, 2000 1215-0630
    Subsequent Title: Aufgeg. in Rororo
    DDC: K
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 34
    ISBN: 3499173050
    Language: German
    Pages: 275 Seiten , 19 cm
    Edition: Orig.-Ausgabe
    Series Statement: rororo 7305 : rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: Rororo
    DDC: 305.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschlechterverhältnis ; Mann ; Alltag ; Geschlechterrolle ; Verhalten
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  • 35
    ISBN: 3499173573
    Language: German
    Pages: 295 S. , Ill., Kt. , 19 cm
    Series Statement: rororo 7357 : rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: Rororo
    Uniform Title: Chronicles of American Indian protest dt.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Indianer ; Rassendiskriminierung ; Rassendiskriminierung ; Nationale Minderheit ; Nordamerika ; Vereinigte Staaten ; Indianer ; Quelle
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  • 36
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499146290
    Language: German
    Pages: 189 S.
    Series Statement: rororo 4629 : rororo aktuell
    Series Statement: Rororo
    DDC: 303.483
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Industriegesellschaft ; Lebensqualität ; Beschränkung ; Kritik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Technik
    Note: Aus dem Engl. übers.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 3499173603
    Language: German
    Pages: 237 S. , Ill.
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Rororo 7360
    Series Statement: Rororo
    DDC: 302.2/34/088054
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Beleving ; Kinderen ; Massamedia ; Speelgoed ; Kind ; Medien ; Child consumers ; Mass media and children ; Toys ; Kind ; Massenmedien ; Spielzeug ; Lebenswelt ; Lebenswelt ; Kind ; Spielzeug ; Massenmedien ; Kind ; Spielzeug
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789401576512
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 139
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Sociology. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Case Study: The Theory of Value -- 2 / The Method of Idealization and Concretization -- 3 / Idealization and Ideal-Typical Method: Marx and Weber -- 4 / Idealization and Positivism -- 5 / Idealization and Hypotheticism -- 6 / Idealization and ‘Methodological Irrationalism’ -- 7 / Assumptions -- 8 / The Marxian Model of Scientific Activity (Model I) -- 9 / Deduction and Modelling (Model II) -- 10 / Approximation (Model III) -- 11 / Semi-Idealization and Probability (Model IV) -- 12 / Programming And Practical Sciences (Model V) -- 13 / Scientific Community and Progress of Science -- 14 / The Social Context of Science -- 15 / The Social Reason for Making Science -- 16 / The Last Resort -- 17 / The Law of Absolute Pauperization -- 18 / The Contradiction Between the Third and the First Volume of Capital -- 19 / Marx’S Historicism -- 20 / The Contradictions and Ambiguities Within the Theory of Social Class -- References Cited.
    Abstract: Much is said in Marxist literature about Marxist methodology which is supposed to be entirely original - differing a great deal from all other trends in the modern philosophy of science. On the other hand, however, it is unfallacious to state that there are no people outside Marxism who would like to deny this statement. This has to put those who really believe that Marxism has something important to say in philosophy of science on guard: if someone says something important others usually are inclined to protest. But who is inclined to protest when it is stated that Marx em­ ployed both induction and deduction, a historical method and a logical one as well, synthesis, but also analysis, etc? Who is inclined to protest when it is not known what within this framework 'induction', 'deduction' 'history' or 'logic' mean? Who is inclined to protest when 'Marxist meth­ odology' is presented not with the aid of precise definitions and clear hypotheses but with the aid of a jungle of quotations? I think that the main malfeasance of the current 'Marxist methodology', is that of ecclecticism. The methodology of Marx is presented as a col­ lection of trivial and/or obscure ideas but not as a system of statements subordinated to any clear, definite viewpoint presenting a new grasp ofthe nature of scientific cognition. Search for reconstruction of Marxian meth­ odology as a system of the kind is the main aim of this book.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401735285
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 313 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 19
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Time -- Time and Becoming -- Beginnings and Endings -- Fatalism Toward Past and Future -- Fatalism and Timeless Truth -- Identity Through Time -- II: Causation -- Causes, Energy and Constant Conjunctions -- Causality and Properties -- Simultaneous Causation -- Causation and Distinct Events -- The Conditional Analysis of Freedom -- Preferences, Conditionals and Freedom -- Habit -- Explanatory Controversy in Historical Studies -- III: Other Topics -- Fact, Feeling, Faith, and Form -- Absurd Self-Fulfillment -- Philosophers and the Words ‘Human Body’ -- Bibliography of Richard Taylor -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: Richard Taylor was born in Charlotte, Michigan on 5 November 1919. He received his A. B. from the University of illinois in 1941, his M. A. from Oberlin College in 1947, and his Ph. D. from Brown University in 1951. He has been William H. P. Faunce Professor of Philosophy at Brown University, Professor of Philosophy (Graduate Faculties) at Columbia University, and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Rochester. He is the author of about fifty articles and of five philosophical books. This volume consists of essays presented to Richard Taylor on the occa­ sion of his sixtieth birthday. Some of the contributors have been Taylor'S students; some have been his colleagues; and all have been, and continue to be, his admirers. I have made several attempts to articulate what it is I (I would not presume to speak for anyone else) admire about Richard Taylor: (1) There is a particular 'flavor' to Taylor's philosophical writing and con­ versation that is wholly delightful. Like any other flavor, it can be tasted and enjoyed and remembered but never adequately described. (If there should be someone who has picked up this book who does not know what I mean, I recommend that he read the chapter on 'God' in Taylor's Metaphysics. ) (2) Taylor is a masterful dialectician.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401724661
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 176 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Melbourne International Philosophy Series 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: 1. Absolute and Relative Identity -- 2. Diachronic Identity as Relative Identity -- 3. Sychronic Identity as Relative Identity -- 4. Quine on Synchronic Identity -- 5. Sortal Concepts and Identity -- 6. On the Notion of a Criterion of Identity -- 7. Absolute Identity and Criteria of Identity -- 8. Restricted and Unrestricted Quantification -- 9. Absolute Identity and Criteria of Identity Concluded -- 10. Events, Continuants and Diachronic Identity -- 11. Counterpart Theory and the Necessity of Identity -- 12. Absolute and Relative Identity Concluded -- 13. Can One Thing Become Two? -- 14. Memory and Quasi-Memory -- 15. Locke on Personal Identity.
    Abstract: Identity has for long been an important concept in philosophy and logic. Plato in his Sophist puts same among those fonns which "run through" all others. The scholastics inherited the idea (and the tenninology), classifying same as one of the "transcendentals", i.e. as running through all the categories. The work of Locke and l.eibniz made the concept a problematic one. But it is rather recently, i.e. since the importance of Frege has been generally recognized, that there has been a keen interest in the notion, fonnulated by him, of a criterion of identity. This, at first sight harmless as well as useful, has proved to be like a charge of dynamite. The seed had indeed been sown long ago, by Euclid. In Book V of his Elements he first gives a useless defmition of a ratio: "A ratio is a sort of relation between two magnitudes in respect of muchness". But then, in definition 5 he answers, not the question "What is a ratio?" but rather ''What is it for magnitudes to be in the same ratio?" and this is the definition that does the work.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989023
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 367 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Equality. ; Social policy. ; Social structure.
    Abstract: Approach to the study of African politics -- What is political development? -- I - Political Forces -- I - The Bases of Political Forces -- II - Outline of a Typology of Political Forces -- II - The Political Ideologies -- I - International Relations -- II - Internal Politics -- III - Political Structures -- I - A Marginal People -- II - The Instability of Political Institutions -- IV - Political Action -- I - International Relations -- II - Economic Policies -- III - Cultural Policies -- IV - Social Policies -- Name index -- Geographical index.
    Abstract: To an increasing extent, nationals of Third World countries are protesting against the tendency of foreign theoreticians and observers to study their problems - political problems in particular - in terms of concepts and theories established on the basis of European experiences. For instance, the Egyptian Abdel Malek I in La diaiectique sociaie, writes: 'At the starting point, whose broad lines we sketch here, there is evidence of inadequation, deriving from the fact of difference. Inadequation of the conceptual system of the social sciences. Differences between Western societie- which have provided the larger part of the analytical material for the con­ ceptual elaboration and establishment of theoretical systems in different disciplines - on the one hand, and non-Western societies (those of Asia, Africa and Latin America) on the other hand. ' This does not mean that the author impugns universalism and that he advocates enclosing the Third World in a sort of intellectual ghetto, overemphasizing its specificity, and constituting as it were 'reserves' designed to highlight the exotic aspect for the benefit of foreigners. 2 On the contrary, what he takes sociology to task for is its insufficiently universal and universalizing nature. This being so, his aim is to make concepts more universal and to rebuild theory with the help of reshaped concepts. Abel Malek's criticisms are largely justified. There is indeed a certain eurocentricity in the theories elaborated by political scientists, even if they deny it.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401743921
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 149 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H. L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centers D’Archives - Husserl 79
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 79
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I. Skepticism and Genetic Phenomenology -- II. The a Priori and Evidence -- III. From Static to Genetic Analysis -- IV. Time and Subjectivity -- Conclusion: Problematic Subjectivism.
    Abstract: To become fully aware of the original and radical character of his transcendental phenomenology Edmund Husserl must be located within the historical tradition of Western philosophy. Although he was not a historian of philosophy, Husserl's his­ torical reflections convinced him that phenomenology is the necessary culmination of a centuries-old endeavor and the solution to the contemporary crisis in European science and European humanity itself.l This teleological viewpoint re­ quires the commentator to consider the tradition of Western philosophy from Husserl's own perspective. Husserl maintained that the Cartesian tum to the "Cogito" represents the crucial breakthrough in the historical advance of Western thought toward philosophy as rigorous science. Hence 2 he concentrated almost exclusively on the modem era. Much has been written of Husserl's relationship to Descartes, Kant, and the neo-Kantians. His connections with Locke, Berkeley, and Hume have not been examined as closely despite his fre­ quent allusions to these British empiricists. Among these thinkers David Hume gained from Husserl the more extensive considera tion. Commentators have pointed out correctly that Husserl always criticized unsparingly Hume's sheer empiricistic approach to the problem of cognition. Such an approach, in Husserl's view, can only result in the "naturalization of consciousness" from which stem that "psychologism" and "sensualism" which lead Hume inevitably into the contradictory impasse of solipsism 3 and skepticism.
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  • 43
    ISBN: 3499173859
    Language: German
    Pages: 284 S. , Ill.
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg.
    Series Statement: rororo 7385 : rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: Rororo
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1970-1979 ; Rockmusik ; Popmusik
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  • 44
    ISBN: 3499173050
    Language: German
    Pages: 275 Seiten , 19 cm
    Edition: Originalausgabe
    Series Statement: Rororo 7305
    Series Statement: Rororo-Sachbuch
    DDC: 305.3
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 45
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499173271
    Language: German
    Pages: 381 S. , Ill.
    Series Statement: Rororo 7327 : Rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: Rororo
    DDC: 305.230943
    RVK:
    Keywords: Jugendkultur ; Kinderzeichnung ; Jugend ; Ästhetische Erziehung ; Pubertät ; Kunst ; Ästhetische Erziehung ; Pubertät ; Jugendkultur ; Kunst ; Jugend ; Kunst ; Kinderzeichnung
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  • 46
    ISBN: 3499173050
    Language: German
    Pages: 275 S
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg., 20.-30. Tsd
    Series Statement: Rororo 7305
    Series Statement: Rororo-Sachbuch
    DDC: 305.3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mann ; Geschlechterrolle
    URL: Cover
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  • 47
    ISBN: 3499173859
    Language: German
    Pages: 284 S. , Ill.
    Series Statement: Rororo 7385 : Rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: Rororo
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 〈1970-1979〉 ; Rockmusik ; Rockmusik ; Geschichte 〈1970-1979〉
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  • 48
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499201402
    Language: German
    Pages: 140 S.
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg.
    Series Statement: rororo. Rotfuchs 140
    Series Statement: Rororo-Rotfuchs
    DDC: 800
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Besetzung ; Familie ; Danzig
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  • 49
    ISBN: 3499144328
    Language: German
    Pages: 203 S.
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg.
    Series Statement: rororo 4432 : rororo aktuell
    Series Statement: Rororo
    DDC: 306.09471
    RVK:
    Keywords: Arbeiter ; Politischer Widerstand ; Gewerkschaft ; Sowjetunion ; Sowjetunion
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  • 50
    ISBN: 3498004646
    Language: German
    Pages: 518 S.
    Edition: 14. - 38. Tsd.
    DDC: 914.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Familie ; Geschichte ; Families History ; Alltag ; Familie ; Geschichte ; Familienleben ; Deutschland ; Deutschland ; Deutschland ; Familienleben ; Geschichte ; Deutschland ; Familie ; Alltag ; Geschichte ; Deutschland ; Familie ; Alltag ; Geschichte ; Deutschland ; Familie ; Geschichte
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  • 51
    Image
    Image
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 349800459X
    Language: German
    Pages: 266 S. , überw. Ill.
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    RVK:
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  • 52
    ISBN: 3498060589
    Language: German
    Pages: 877 S
    Edition: 9.-11. Tsd
    Series Statement: Kritik der dialektischen Vernunft / Jean-Paul Sartre. [Dt. von Traugott König] Bd. 1
    Series Statement: Sartre, Jean-Paul 1905-1980 Kritik der dialektischen Vernunft.
    Uniform Title: Théorie des ensembles pratiques 〈dt.〉
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  • 53
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 349911075X
    Language: German
    Pages: 133 S , 18 Ill , 19 cm
    Edition: 86. - 90. Tsd.
    Series Statement: rororo 1075
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sachsen ; Regionale Identität ; Lebenswelt
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  • 54
    ISBN: 3499171996
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 315 S. , Ill.
    Edition: Dt. Erstausg.
    Series Statement: Rororo 7199 : Rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: Rororo
    Uniform Title: The world of soul
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte ; Soul ; Soul ; Geschichte
    Note: Aus dem Engl. übers.
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  • 55
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499201208
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 236 S. , Ill.
    Edition: 34. - 40. Tsd., (erw. und aktualisierte Ausg.)
    Series Statement: rororo-Rotfuchs 120 : Jugendbuch
    Series Statement: rororo-Rotfuchs
    RVK:
    Keywords: Dylan, Bob ; Bibliografie ; Dylan, Bob 1941-
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  • 56
    Language: German
    Pages: 294 S.
    Edition: Überarb. u. erw. Ausg.
    Series Statement: Rororo 6223
    Series Statement: rororo-Handbuch
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wörterbuch ; Rockmusik
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  • 57
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499142910
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 168 S.
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg., 56. - 75. Tsd.
    Series Statement: Rororo 4291
    Series Statement: Neue Frau
    DDC: 305.40943
    RVK:
    Keywords: Women ; Women in business ; Gender role
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  • 58
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    Language: German
    Pages: 1404 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Rororo ...
    DDC: 370.943
    Keywords: Education ; Education - Germany (West) - History ; Deutschland ; Bildungswesen
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  • 59
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499173387
    Language: German
    Pages: S. 750 - 1404 , graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: Bildung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Daten u. Analysen / Max-Planck-Inst. für Bildungsforschung, Projektgruppe Bildungsbericht. (Jürgen Baumert ... als Hrsg. ...) 2
    Series Statement: Rororo 7338
    Series Statement: Rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: Bildung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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  • 60
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499146460
    Language: German
    Pages: 242 S.
    Series Statement: Rororo 4646
    Uniform Title: The last frontier 〈dt.〉
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  • 61
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499201208
    Language: German
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg., erw. u. aktualisierte Ausg., 34. - 40. Tsd.
    Series Statement: rororo-Rotfuchs 120
    RVK:
    Keywords: Dylan, Bob 1941-
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  • 62
    ISBN: 3498060945
    Language: German
    Pages: 298 S , 21 cm
    Edition: 5.-6. Tsd
    Uniform Title: L'imaginaire 〈dt.〉
    RVK:
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  • 63
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 349914543x
    Language: German
    Pages: 79 S.
    Series Statement: rororo 4543
    Series Statement: Rororo
    DDC: 800
    RVK:
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  • 64
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 349917121X
    Language: German
    Pages: 285 S. , zahlr. Ill.
    Edition: 26.-33. Tsd.
    Series Statement: rororo 7121
    Series Statement: rororo
    RVK:
    Keywords: Jazz ; Geschichte ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Jazz ; Geschichte
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  • 65
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499201208
    Language: German
    Pages: 236 S. , Ill.
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg., erw. und aktualisierte Ausg.
    Series Statement: Rororo-Rotfuchs 120
    Series Statement: Rororo-Rotfuchs
    DDC: 782.421640092
    RVK:
    Keywords: Dylan, Bob ; Bibliografie ; Bibliografie ; Dylan, Bob 1941-
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  • 66
    ISBN: 3499330032
    Language: German
    Pages: 222 S , Ill
    Series Statement: Spiegel-Buch 3
    Series Statement: Spiegel-Buch
    DDC: 959.6/04
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kambodscha ; Völkermord/Genozid ; Vietnamkrieg ; Cambodia ; genocide ; Vietnam War ; Kambodscha Innenpolitik ; Bisherige Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Lage ; Flüchtlinge ; Pol Pot ; Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948-12-10) Regionale Außenpolitik einzelner Staaten ; Vietnam ; Volksrepublik China ; Vereinigte Staaten ; Thailand ; Kambodscha ; Kambodscha ; Geschichte 〈1975-1978〉 ; Kambodscha ; Völkermord ; Geschichte 1975-1978 ; Kambodscha
    Abstract: Klappentext: SPIEGEL-Redakteurin Ariane Barth und Tiziano Terzani, SPIEGEL-Korrespondent in Peking, berichten in diesem Buch über die Kambodschaner nach dem Holocaust. Am Beispiel einer Großfamilie werden die unendliche Not und die Hoffnungslosigkeit deutlich, denen die Bevölkerung Kambodschas ausgesetzt ist. Eine detaillierte Chronologie der kommunistischen Bewegung Kambodschas und eine Darstellung der wichtigsten Etappen der Geschichte Kambodschas sowie Kurzporträts der Führer der Roten Khmer machen diesen Band zu einem ebenso erschütternden wie informativen Handbuch über einen explosiven Krisenherd der Weltpolitik.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401094474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Structural aspects of isoenzymes -- 3 Isoenzymes in genetics and evolution -- 4 Isoenzymes in development and differentiation -- 5 Isoenzymes in metabolic regulation -- 6 Isoenzymes in cancer -- 7 Isoenzymes in diagnosis and disease -- 8 Separation and determination of isoenzymes.
    Abstract: Isoenzymes were 'discovered' 20 years ago and were at first regarded as interesting but rare occurrences. Since then a wealth of information on enzyme heterogeneity has accrued and it now seems likely that at least half of all enzymes exist as isoenzymes. This is important in many areas of biological and medical science. Thus isoenzyme studies have provided the main experimental substance for the neutral drift controversy in genetics and evolution; they have greatly extended our understanding of metabolic regulation not only in animals but also in bacteria and plants; their existence has made available a multitude of highly sensitive markers for the study of differentiation and development, as well as providing indices of aberrant gene expression in carcinogenesis and other pathological processes. Iso­ enzymes are also being used increasingly in diagnostic clinical bio­ chemistry. It is surprising that this phenomenon which affects such a high pro­ portion of enzymes and is clearly important in biochemistry should receive such scant attention in the standard textbooks of that subject, the formal treatment of isoenzymology in these rarely exceeding one or two pages. This may be because the 'pure biochemist' has tended to regard variation in enzyme properties between tissues more as an unwanted complication than as a potential source of insight into diversity of biological function.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401733878
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 296 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Place of the Begriffsschrift -- II. Functions -- III. Objects -- IV. Representations and Minds -- V. Sense -- VI. Frege, Leibniz and Bolzano.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576536
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 285 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 137
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Mechanism: Some Historical Notes -- II / Mind, Number, and the Infinite -- III / the Mental, the Finite, and the Formal -- IV / Effectiveness Mechanized -- Concluding Summary -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book grew out of a graduate student paper [261] in which I set down some criticisms of J. R. Lucas' attempt to refute mechanism by means of G6del's theorem. I had made several such abortive attempts myself and had become familiar with their pitfalls, and especially with the double­ edged nature of incompleteness arguments. My original idea was to model the refutation of mechanism on the almost universally accepted G6delian refutation of Hilbert's formalism, but I kept getting stuck on questions of mathematical philosophy which I found myself having to beg. A thorough study of the foundational works of Hilbert and Bernays finally convinced me that I had all too naively and uncritically bought this refutation of formalism. I did indeed discover points of surprisingly close contact between formalism and mechanism, but also that it was possible to under­ mine certain strong arguments against these positions precisely by invok­ ing G6del's and related work. I also began to realize that the Church­ Turing thesis itself is the principal bastion protecting mechanism, and that G6del's work was perhaps the best thing that ever happened to both mechanism and formalism. I pushed these lines of argument in my dis­ sertation with the patient help of my readers, Raymond Nelson and Howard Stein. I would especially like to thank the latter for many valuable criticisms of my dissertation as well as some helpful suggestions for reor­ ganizing it in the direction of the present book.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789401743648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Public finance ; Taxation—Law and legislation.
    Abstract: Australia -- Brazil -- Canada -- Federal Republic of Germany -- France -- Italy -- The Netherlands -- New Zealand -- The Philippines -- Singapore -- Sweden -- Switzerland -- United Kingdom -- United States of America.
    Abstract: The Section on Business Law of the International Bar Association is greatly indebted to the Editor, J. Michael Robinson and to John Gauntlett, the Chairman of the Committee on Issues and Trading in Securities, and his Vice­ Chairmen, Blaise Pasztory, Robert Briner and the members of the Committee who have contributed, for their joint efforts in preparing this ftrst book of their committee. It will make a valuable addition to the libraries of all practising lawyers because it has been written by practising lawyers, with the knowledge and experience of their own daily work and the understanding of what a practi­ tioner is looking for. I am confident that this book will prove of real assistance to practitioners world-wide, as have previous publications of other Committees of the Section on Business Law. I wish it great success. I hope that you may wish to join the Section on Business Law and thereby make contact and work with lawyers with similar interests in commercial law. WALTER OPPENHOF Chairman of the Section on Business Law XI Editor's Introduction I have great pleasure in presenting reports from fourteen countries. In the best tradition of many institutions of higher learning which trace their origins to some medieval ale house, this project has its genesis in a bar.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 3499162237
    Language: German
    Pages: 294 S. , 1 graph. Darst., Noten , 19 cm
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg., (überarb. u. erw. Ausg.), 36. - 45. Tsd.
    Series Statement: rororo 6223 : rororo-Handbuch
    Series Statement: Rororo
    DDC: 784
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Rockmusik ; Popmusik / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch
    Note: Diskogr. S. 277 - 282 u. Literaturangaben
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  • 72
    ISBN: 3499173050
    Language: German
    Pages: 275 S.
    Series Statement: rororo 7305
    Series Statement: rororo
    DDC: 305.3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Men ; Geschlechterrolle ; Geschlechterverhältnis ; Geschlechtsunterschied ; Mann ; Alltag ; Verhalten ; Mann ; Verhalten ; Geschlechterverhältnis ; Geschlechtsunterschied ; Verhalten ; Mann ; Mann ; Verhalten ; Alltag ; Mann ; Geschlechterrolle
    Note: Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 73
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3499175037
    Language: German
    Pages: 312 S , zahr. Ill.
    Edition: Orig.-Ausg.
    Series Statement: RoRoro 7503
    Series Statement: rororo-Sachbuch
    Series Statement: anders reisen
    RVK:
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  • 74
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 349800459X
    Language: German
    Pages: 266 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Additional Material: Beilage (Original-Star-Club-Poster, 58 x 42 cm)
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    DDC: 784.5/4/00943515
    RVK:
    Keywords: Star-Club (Hamburg, Germany) ; Rock music History and criticism ; Popmusik ; Hamburg / S. Musik ; Starclub
    Note: Auf d. Rücken: Beckmann-Martens
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  • 75
    Book
    Book
    Reinbek bei Hamburg : Rowohlt
    ISBN: 3498061445
    Language: German
    Pages: 237 S , Ill
    Edition: 1. Aufl
    DDC: 306.7/6
    Keywords: Male homosexuality Psychological aspects ; Coming out (Sexual orientation) ; Gay liberation movement ; Homosexualität ; Mann ; Coming-out ; Homosexualität ; Gruppentherapie ; Homosexueller ; Selbstverständnis
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789400990562
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (496p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 149
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- The General Sense and Character of Modern Logic -- The Growth of Logic Out of the Foundational Research in Mathematics -- 2: Pure Logic -- Proof Theory -- Model Theory -- Constructivist Approaches to Logic -- Inflnitary Logics -- Many-Valued Logics -- Modal and Relevance Logics: 1977 -- 3: The Interplay Between Logic and Mathematics -- Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics -- Logic and Set Theory -- Recursion Theory -- The Interplay Between Logic and Mathematics: Intuitionism -- Logic and Probability -- Logic and Category Theory -- 4: The Relevance of Logic to Other Scientific Disciplines -- Logic and Methodology of Empirical Sciences -- Standard Vs. Nonstandard Logic: Higher-Order, Modal, and First-Order Logics -- Logic and Computers -- Logic and Linguistics -- Logical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics -- Inductive Logic 1945–1977 -- 5: Logic and Philosophical Topics -- Logic and Ontology -- Problems and Prospects of Deontic Logic — A Survey -- Report on Tense Logic -- Logical Semiotic -- Logic and Rhetoric -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: Logic has attained in our century a development incomparably greater than in any past age of its long history, and this has led to such an enrichment and proliferation of its aspects, that the problem of some kind of unified recom­ prehension of this discipline seems nowadays unavoidable. This splitting into several subdomains is the natural consequence of the fact that Logic has intended to adopt in our century the status of a science. This always implies that the general optics, under which a certain set of problems used to be con­ sidered, breaks into a lot of specialized sectors of inquiry, each of them being characterized by the introduction of specific viewpoints and of technical tools of its own. The first impression, that often accompanies the creation of one of such specialized branches in a diSCipline, is that one has succeeded in isolating the 'scientific core' of it, by restricting the somehow vague and redundant generality of its original 'philosophical' configuration. But, after a while, it appears that some of the discarded aspects are indeed important and a new specialized domain of investigation is created to explore them. By follOwing this procedure, one finally finds himself confronted with such a variety of independent fields of research, that one wonders whether the fact of labelling them under a common denomination be nothing but the contingent effect of a pure historical tradition.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789400990128
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 143
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Humanism and the Humanities -- Grammar, Truth, and Logic -- Comments on Quine -- Theories of Truth and Learnable Languages -- Montague Grammar, Mental Representations, and Reality -- Index, Context, and Content -- Fuzzy Logic and Restricted Quantifiers -- Die semantische Struktur der syntaktischen Gebilde und die semantischen Systeme der Generativisten -- The Empirical Semantics of Key Terms, Phrases and Sentences.
    Abstract: Among the several dozens of symposia held on the occasion of the quincentennial of U ppsala University, there was included one symposium devoted to the theme of 'Philosophy and Grammar'. A selection of the most important papers delivered at this symposium have been collected in this volume. The papers need no introduction, but the inclusion of two of them in this collection requires a brief comment. First, the paper by von Wright, although not directly concerned with the central topic of the symposium, has been included because it was the terminating speech of the six parallel symposia (including the symposium on 'Philosophy and Grammar') held by the Humanities Faculty and moreover, because the raison d'etre of the Humanities is analyzed in this paper by a very prominent Swedish-speaking philosopher. Second, Professor Hintikka was unable to participate. In view of his expertise in the field, we nevertheless requested him to contribute a paper, so to speak, post factum. This he very generously did. We wish to express our sincere appreciation to all who participated and/or helped to carry the sessions through to a successful conclusion. We also wish to extend a special thanks to Professor Roman lakobson of Harvard University, who assumed the responsibility of General Chairman of the symposium.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789400990173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 61
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Galileo’s Dialogue -- 1. Faith Versus Reason: The Rhetorical Form and Content of Galileo’s Dialogue -- 2. Fact and Reasoning: The Logical Structure of Galileo’s Argument -- 3. Emotion, Aesthetics, and Persuasion: The Rhetorical Force of Galileo’s Argument -- 4. Truth and Method: The Scientific Content of Galileo’s Dialogue -- 5. Theory and Practice: The Methodological Content of Galileo’s Science -- II: Logical and Methodological Critiques -- 6. Concreteness and Judgment: The Dialectical Nature of Galileo’s Methodology -- 7. The Primacy of Reasoning: The Logical Character of Galileo’s Methodology -- 8. The Rationality of Science and the Science of Rationality: Critique of Subjectivism -- 9. The History of Science and the Science of History: Critique of Apriorism -- 10. The Erudition of Logic and the Logic of Erudition: Critique of Galileo Scholarship -- 11. The Psychology of Logic and the Logic of Psychology: Critique of the Psychology of Reasoning -- 12. The Rhetoric of Logic and the Logic of Rhetoric: Critique of the New Rhetoric -- 13. The Logic of Science and the Science of Logic: Toward a Science of Reasoning -- III: Theory of Reasoning -- 14. Propositional Structure: The Understanding of Reasoning -- 15. Active Involvement: The Evaluation of Reasoning -- 16. Galileo as a Logician: A Model and a Data Basis -- 17. Criticism, Complexity, and Invalidities: Theoretical Considerations -- Concluding Remarks / Toward a Galilean Theory of Rationality -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: The work of Galileo has long been important not only as a foundation of modern physics but also as a model - and perhaps the paradigmatic model - of scientific method, and therefore as a leading example of scientific rationality. However, as we know, the matter is not so simple. The range of Galileo readings is so varied that one may be led to the conclusion that it is a case of chacun a son Galileo; that here, as with the Bible, or Plato or Kant or Freud or Finnegan's Wake, the texts themselves underdetermine just what moral is to be pointed. But if there is no canonical reading, how can the texts be taken as evidence or example of a canonical view of scientific rationality, as in Galileo? Or is it the case, instead, that we decide a priori what the norms of rationality are and then pick through texts to fmd those which satisfy these norms? Specifically, how and on what grounds are we to accept or reject scientific theories, or scientific reasoning? If we are to do this on the basis of historical analysis of how, in fact, theories came to be accepted or rejected, how shall we distinguish 'is' from 'ought'? What follows (if anything does) from such analysis or reconstruction about how theories ought to be accepted or rejected? Maurice Finocchiaro's study of Galileo brings an important and original approach to the question of scientific rationality by way of a systematic read­.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 18
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: 1 An Argument for the Explanatory Foundational Theory and Against Skepticism -- I: Skepticism and the Foundations of Justification -- 2 Skepticism and a Foundation of Certainty -- 3 Skepticism and Acceptability without Certainty -- 4 Skepticism and the Probability of Nonbasic Statements (I): On Sufficient Conditions for Absolute Probabilities -- 5 Skepticism and the Probability of Nonbasic Statements (II): On Sufficient Conditions for Conditional Probabilities -- II: An Examination of Nonfoundational Theories -- 6 Foundational Versus Nonfoundational Theories of Justification -- 7 A Foundational Theory with Explanatory Coherence -- 8 Explanatory Systems: Conditions of Adequacy and Systemic Tests -- 9 The Systemic Tests of Economy and Simplicity -- 10 The Explanatory Foundational Theory and Skepticism -- 11 Summary and Concluding Remarks -- A Bibliographic Essay (Walter N. Gregory) -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: This book is a manuscript that was virtually complete when James W. Cornman died. Most of the chapters were in final form, and all but the last had been revised by the author. The last chapter was in handwritten form, and the concluding remarks were not finished. Swain took charge of the proofreading and John L. Thomas compiled the indices with the assistance of Lehrer. It is our opinion that this manuscript, like the other books Cornman published, is one of exceptional scholarly and philo­ sophical importance. As do all of his philosophical publications, this work reflects Cornman's great love for philosophy and his commitment to the search for truth. Every serious student and author of epistemology will benefit from and admire the thorough scholarship and rigorous argumentation they will find herein. It has been our privilege to partici­ pate in the preparation of the manuscript for the philosophical public. KEITH LEHRER MARSHALL SWAIN IX INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO EPISTEMOLOGICAL SKEPTICISM Many philosophers try to refute skepticism, but few try to give a precise characterization of the thesis they attack. My first aim, consequently, is to characterize skepticism, or, more precisely, several species of skepticism. Then I shall choose those species I wish to consider and justify my choice. To begin, let me distinguish what I shall call "epistemological skepticism" from the thesis I shall call "ontological nihilism" and from what is believed by someone whom I shall call an "ontological skeptic".
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789400988576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Van Leer Jerusalem Foundation Series 4
    Series Statement: Jerusalem Van Leer Foundation 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Theoretical Aspects of National Planning -- 1. Planning in the Making -- 2. Conceptions of National Planning: A Tentative Model -- 3. Futures Studies Versus Planning -- 4. Ideologies and Values in National Planning -- 5. Environmental Influences on the Public Sector -- II. Case Studies -- Introductory Notes -- 6. Water Planning: Who Gets the Last Drop? -- 7. Planning in Israel’s Public Health Services -- 8. Urban and Regional Planning in Israel -- 9. Fund-Raising: Money is not Enough -- III. Planning and Policymaking in Israel -- 10. National Versus Sub-National Planning in Israel.
    Abstract: Much hope has been placed in the potential of planning to solve social and economic problems. In the East ~nd the West, in devel­ oped and less-developed countries, planning has become widespread. It has been praised and ridiculed, used and misused, both as a catch­ word for a better future and as a scapegoat for bitter failure. Plan­ ning has been interpreted differently by every society, giving rise to a wide range of styles and approaches. Fascination with the phenom­ enon has yielded a variety of definitions of planning, each of them influenced by the actual problems facing the planners on the one hand, and by the imagination, ideology and aspirations of the theo­ rists on the other. However, the variety of approaches and definitions has almost obscured the phenomenon itself and blurred its specific meaning. This fact, coupled with disappointment with the practical achievements of plannings, has created much criticism of the social and political value of planning in the West. In this volume we do not intend to answer the question whether planning in Western countries has been successful, nor to suggest specific ways of improving it. We shall limit ourselves to presenting a case study of national planning in one country. The title of this book suggests that the crucial question regarding planning efforts in Israel and perhaps in other countries is the tension between images of planning processes (systematic, comprehensive, structured, etc. ) and political processes (improvised, fragmented, diffused, etc. ).
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789400990517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Sophie Germain -- 3. Respectfully Yours, Gauss -- 4. Setting the Prize -- 5. The One Entry -- 6. The Molecular Mentality -- 7. An Award with Reservations -- 8. Publication -- 9. Emergence of a Theory -- 10. Final Years -- Notes.
    Abstract: Why should the story of a woman's role in the development of a scientific theory be written? Is it to celebrate, as some have done, the heroism of a woman's struggle in a man's world? Or is it, rather~to demonstrate that gender is irrelevant to the march of scientific ideas? This book hopes to do neither. Rather, it intends to do justice both to the professional life of a woman in science and to the development of the theory with which she was engaged. Technically, this essay centers on Sophie Germain's analysis of the modes of vibration of elastic surfaces, work which won a competition set by the French Academy of Sciences in 1809. It also evaluates related work on the mathematical theory of elasticity done by men of the Academy. Biographically, it is about a woman who believed in the greatness of science and strove, with some measure of success, to participate in that noble, but wholly male-dominated, enterprise. It explores her failures, analyzes her success, and describes how the members of the Parisian scientific community dealt with her offerings, contributions and demands.
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989931
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Text and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 19
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: Translation -- Concepts -- Insolubles -- Notes.
    Abstract: 2 Peter of Aillyl wrote his Concepts and Insolubles, according to the best 3 estimate, in 1372. He was at that time only about twenty-two years old. He was born around 1350" in Compiegne in the De de France, although his 5 family name associates him with the village of Ailly in Picardy. In 1364 he entered the University of Paris as a 'bursar' (i. e. , the recipient of a scholarship) at the College de Navarre. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1367 and taught there until 1368, when he entered the Faculty of Theology. He became a Doctor of Theology in 1381. In the years that followed, Peter was very active in the 'conciliar' movement and in negotiations to bring about the end of the Great Schism of the West. He was elevated to the rank of Cardinal in 1411 by Pope John XXIII, the successor of Alexander V in the 'Pisa' line of Popes. He took an active part in the Council of Constance (1414-1418), which ended the Great Schism and elected Pope Martin V. Peter died on August 9, 1420. Most of the secondary literature on Peter of Ailly concerns his role in church politics, his writings on the Schism and on ecclesiastical reform, and various aspects of his theology. But Peter was active in a number of other areas as well. He wrote several works, for instance, on geography and astron­ 6 omy, including an Imago mundi read by Christopher Columbus.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789400988842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (350p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social History 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: One. The Social-Economic Crisis on the Eve of the 20th Century and the Political Mobilization of Society -- 1. Economic crisis and erosion of the governmental system -- 2. Social mobilization and political opposition -- 3. Economic crisis and erosion of social loyalty -- Two. Towards a Constitutionalist Programme -- 1. Political theory and social change -- 2. The origins of the periodical Osvobozhdenie -- 3. The first constitutionalist programme -- Three. Constitutionalism in the ‘Public Movement’ 1900–1904 -- 1. Institutions and contacts of the ‘Public Movement’ -- 2. The problems of informal organization -- 3. The transition to formal organization -- Conclusion -- 1. Social structure -- 2. Organizational development -- 3. Strategy and tactics -- Appendices -- I. Biographical sketches -- II. Members of the Union of Liberation, 1904–1905 -- III. Regional distribution of constitutionalist groups -- Notes.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 10
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Semantic Structure and Illocutionary Force -- Perlocutions -- Pragmatic Entailment and Questions -- Surface Compositionality and the Semantics of Mood -- Yes-No Questions as Wh-Questions -- Syntactic Meanings -- Situational Context and Illocutionary Force -- Semantics and Pragmatics of Sentence Connectives in Natural Language -- Some Remarks on Explicit Performatives, Indirect Speech Acts, Locutionary Meaning and Truth-Value -- The Background of Meaning -- Towards a Pragmatically Based Theory of Meaning -- Illocutionary Logic and Self-Defeating Speech Acts -- Telling the Facts -- Methodological Remarks on Speech Act Theory -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the study of language, as in any other systematic study, there is no neutral terminology. Every technical term is an expression of the assumptions and theoretical presuppositions of its users; and in this introduction, we want to clarify some of the issues that have surrounded the assumptions behind the use of the two terms "speech acts" and "pragmatics". The notion of a speech act is fairly well understood. The theory of speech acts starts with the assumption that the minimal unit of human communica­ tion is not a sentence or other expression, but rather the performance of certain kinds of acts, such as making statements, asking questions, giving orders, describing, explaining, apologizing, thanking, congratulating, etc. Characteristically, a speaker performs one or more of these acts by uttering a sentence or sentences; but the act itself is not to be confused with a sentence or other expression uttered in its performance. Such types of acts as those exemplified above are called, following Austin, illocutionary acts, and they are standardly contrasted in the literature with certain other types of acts such as perlocutionary acts and propositional acts. Perlocutionary acts have to do with those effects which our utterances have on hearers which go beyond the hearer's understanding of the utterance. Such acts as convincing, persuading, annoying, amusing, and frightening are all cases of perlocutionary acts.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400991071
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Profiles, An International Series on Contemporary Philosophers and Logicians 2
    Series Statement: Profiles 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: One -- A Self Profile -- Two -- Lehrer on Action, Freedom and Determinism -- Lehrer on Evidence, Induction and Acceptance -- The Formal Foundations of Lehrer’s Theory of Consensus -- Lehrer, Consensus and Science: The Empiricist Watershed -- Social and Anti-Social Justification: A Study of Lehrer’s Epistemology -- Replies -- Three -- Bibliography of Keith Lehrer -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this series is to inform both professional philosophers and a larger readership (of social and natural scientists, methodologists, mathematicians, students, teachers, publishers, etc. ) about what is going on, who's who, and who does what in contemporary philosophy and logic. PROFILES is designed to present the research activity and the resuits of already outstanding personalities and schools and of newly emerging ones in the various fields of philosophy and logic. There are many Festschrift volumes dedicated to various philosophers. There is the celebrated Library of Living Philosophers edited by P. A. Schilpp whose format influenced the present enterprise. Still they can only cover very fittle of the contemporary philosophical scene. Faced with a tremendous expansion of philosophical information and with an almost frightening division of labor and increasing specialization we need systematic and regular ways of keeping track of what happens in the profession. PROFILES is intended to perform such a function. Each volume is devoted to one or several philosophers whose views and results are presented and discussed. The profiled philosopher(s) will summarize and review his (their) own work in the main fields of signifi­ cant contribution. This work will be discussed and evaluated by invited contributors. Relevant historical and/or biographical data, an up-to-date bibliography with short abstracts of the most important works and, whenever possible, references to significant reviews and discussions will also be included.
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400988057
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Melbourne International Philosophy Series 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: one. Art: History of the concept -- I. The early concept of art -- II. The transformation in modern times -- III. The fine arts -- IV. New disputes over the scope of art -- V. Disputes over the concept of art -- VI. Renunciation of definition -- VII. An alternative definition -- VIII. Definition and theories -- IX. The present -- two. Art: History of classification -- I. Division of all the arts (Antiquity) -- II. Division of the liberal and mechanical arts (Middle Ages) -- III. Search for a new division (Renaissance) -- IV. Division of the arts into fine and mechanical (The Enlightenment) -- V. Division of the fine arts (Recent times) -- three. Art: History of the relation of art to poetry -- I. Our concepts of art and Greek concepts -- II. The concept of art -- III. The concept of poetry -- IV. The concept of beauty -- V. The concept of creativity -- VI. Apate, Ratharsis, mimesis -- VII. Plato: Two kinds of poetry -- VIII. Aristotle: First approximation of poetry to art -- IX. Hellenism: Second approximation of poetry to art -- X. The Middle Ages: Renewed separation of poetry and art -- XI. Modern times: Final approximation of poetry to art -- XII. New separation of poetry and painting -- four. Beauty: History of the concept -- I. The evolution of the concept -- II. The Great Theory -- III. Supplementary theses -- IV. Reservations -- V. Other theories -- VI. Crisis of the Great Theory -- VII. Other eighteenth-century theories -- VIII. After the crisis -- IX. Second crisis -- X. In conclusion -- five. Beauty: History of the category -- I. The varieties of beauty -- II. Aptness -- III. Ornament -- IV. Comeliness -- V. Grace -- VI. Subtlety -- VII. Sublimity -- VIII. A dual beauty -- IX. Orders and styles -- X. Classical beauty -- XI. Romantic beauty -- six. Beauty: the dispute between objectivism and subjectivism -- I. Antiquity -- II. Middle Ages -- III. Renaissance -- IV. Baroque -- V. The Enlightenment -- seven. Form: History of one term and five concepts -- I. History of form A -- II. History of form B -- III. History of form C -- IV. History of form D (Substantial form) -- V. History of form E (A priori form) -- VI. History of other forms -- VII. New concepts of form -- eight. Creativity: History of the concept -- I. Art seen without creativity -- II. History of the term -- III. History of the concept -- IV. Creatio ex nihilo -- V. Contemporary concept of creativity -- VI. Pancreationism -- VII. The artist’s creativity -- nine. Mimesis: History of the relation of art to reality -- I. History of the concept of ‘mimesis’ -- II. Other theories of the past -- III. Some history of the concept of realism -- ten. Mimesis: History of the relation of art to nature and truth -- I. Art and nature -- II. Art and truth -- eleven. The aesthetic experience: History of the concept -- I. Early history -- II. Age of the Enlightenment -- III. The last hundred years -- IV. The legacy -- Conclusion -- Index of names.
    Abstract: The history of aesthetics, like the histories of other sciences, may be treated in a two-fold manner: as the history of the men who created the field of study, or as the history of the questions that have been raised and resolved in the course of its pursuit. The earlier History of Aesthetics (3 volumes, 1960-68, English-language edition 1970-74) by the author of the present book was a history of men, of writers and artists who in centuries past have spoken up concerning beauty and art, form and crea­ tivity. The present book returns to the same subject, but treats it in a different way: as the history of aesthetic questions, concepts, theories. The matter of the two books, the previous and the present, is in part the same; but only in part: for the earlier book ended with the 17th century, while the present one brings the subject up to our own times. And from the 18th century to the 20th much happened in aesthetics; it was only in that period that aesthetics achieved recognition as a separate science, received a name of its own, and produced theories that early scholars and artists had never dreamed of.
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9789400989498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 98
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Importance of the Subject -- 2. The Roles Played by the Concept of Proposition -- 3. How to Conceive of a Theory of Proposition -- 4. Which Method to Use -- 5. The Merits of Nominalism -- 6. Varieties of Nominalism -- 7. The Senses of the Word ‘Proposition’ -- I / The Criterion of Ontological Commitment -- 1. Quine’s Criterion of Ontological Commitment -- 2. Warnock’s Objections to Quine’s Criterion of Ontological Commitment -- 3. The Application of the Criterion of Ontological Commitment to Propositions -- 4. Compromising Uses of the Word ‘Proposition’ -- 5. Critique of Ayer’s First Attempt to Escape Ontological Commitments to Propositions -- 6. The Double Interpretation of the Existential Quantifier -- 7. The Double Interpretation of Bound Variables -- 8. From Pragmatics to Ontology -- II / The Syntactic Approach -- 1. Is an Axiomatic Definition of Proposition Possible? -- 2. Two Nominalist Solutions on the Problem of Interpreting Propositional Variables -- 3. What Quine’s Notation Reveals With Regard to the Status of Propositions -- 4. Does the Definition of Logical Truth Presuppose the Concept of Proposition? Strawson’s Thesis -- 5. Replies to Strawson’s Objections -- 6. The Definition of Proposition in Terms of the Premises and Conclusion of an Inference -- III / A Semantic Definition of Proposition in Terms of Truth and Falsity -- 1. The Aristotelian Definition of Proposition in Terms of Truth -- 2. The Influence of the Semantic Definition of Truth on the Concept of Proposition -- 3. Use of the Distinction Between Sentence and Statement as a Solution to the Paradox of the Liar in Natural Language -- 4. The Ontological Status of the Distinction between Statements and Sentences -- 5. Truth and Falsity Apply to Sentences Before Applying to Statements -- 6. The Semantic Theory of Truth and the Correspondence Between Language and Reality -- IV / The Pragmatic Definition of Proposition in Terms of Assertion or Assertability -- 1. The Pragmatic Definition of Proposition in Terms of Assertability -- 2. The Distinction Between Proposition and Statement from a Pragmatic Perspective -- 3. Austin’s Distinction Between Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts -- 4. An Examination of Searle’s Notion of Proposition -- 5. Stenius’ Analysis -- 6. The Performative Hypothesis -- 7. Hausser’s Treatment of Moods -- 8. A Vindication of Searle’s Position -- 9. A New Account of Searle’s Concept of Propositional Content -- V / The Nature of Facts -- 1. The Nature and Status of Facts in Russell’s ‘Philosophy of Logical Atomism’ -- 2. The Merits of Russell’s Notion of Fact -- 3. The Defects of Russell’s Theory of Facts -- 4. Wittgenstein’s Conception of Fact -- 5. Arguments For and Against the Ontological Interpretation of Facts -- 6. Application of Methods of Generative Grammar to Detect the Ontological Nature of Facts -- 7. Why There Cannot be Facts -- VI / The Proposition in Terms of Belief -- 1. Belief and Proposition -- 2. The Problem of False Beliefs -- 3. The Distinction Between Propositional Verbs and Cognitive Verbs -- 4. The Logical Syntax of Propositional Verbs -- 5. An Attempt at Absorbing Propositions into Sentences -- 6. Searle’s Views on Intentionality -- VII / Propositions as Meanings of Sentences -- 1. The Relational Conception of Meaning -- 2. The Eternality and Temporality of Meaning -- 3. The Behaviouristic Analysis of the Meaning of Sentences -- 4. The Chess-Theory of Meaning -- 5. An Attempt at Dissolving the Problem Raised by the Meaning of Sentences -- 6. The Picture Theory of Meaning -- 7. The Limitations of the Picture Theory of Meaning -- 8. Beyond the Picture Theory -- 9. The Recursive Definition of Truth as a Tool for Compositional Semantics -- 10. Recursive Semantics and Nominalism -- 11. Categorial Grammar, Set Theoretic Semantics and Nominalism -- 12. Game-Theoretical Semantics -- VIII / An Attempt at a New Solution for the Enigma of the Meaning of False Sentences -- 1. Conditions of Adequacy on a Satisfactory Answer -- 2. Ryle’s Solution to the Enigma of the Meaning of False Sentences -- 3. The Possibility of Falsity as a By-Product of the Creativity of Language -- 4. The Solution Offered by Possible Worlds Semantics to the Enigma of the Meaning of False Sentences -- 5. A Pragmatic Solution of the Enigma -- 6. Nominalism Again -- IX / The Identification Criterion of Propositions -- 1. The Importance of Finding a Criterion of Propositional Identity -- 2. The Definition of Proposition in Terms of Synonymy -- 3. Intensional Isomorphism -- 4. The Role of the Notion of Isomorphism in Defining a Criterion for the Identity of Propositions -- 5. Preliminaries to the Application of the Criterion of Extensional Isomorphism -- 6. Some Final Refinements of the Notion of Extensional Isomorphism -- 7. Vanderveken’s Criterion -- 8. Suppes’ Gradualism -- 9. Indeterminacy of Translation -- X / Propositions and Indirect Discourse -- 1. The Notion of Proposition and of Indirect Discourse -- 2. The Syntactic Approach to the Problem of Intensional Contexts -- 3. Prior’s Nominalist Syntax -- 4. L.J. Cohen’s Extensionalist Syntax -- 5. Frege’s Dualist Semantics and Epistemic Logic -- 6. Carnap’s Dualist Semantics -- 7. Quine’s Unitary Extensionalism -- 8. Criticisms Addressed to Quine’s Nominalist Theory: Kaplan’s Alternative Solution -- 9. Hintikka’s Pluralistic Extensionalism -- 10. The Pragmatic Approach to the Problem of Intensional Contexts: Natural Pragmatics -- 11. The Pragmatic Approach to the Problem of Intensional Contexts: Formal Pragmatics -- 12. Objections Against Montague’s Semantics -- Conclusion -- Name Index.
    Abstract: 1. IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT In 1900, in A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leihniz, Russell made the following assertion: "That all sound philosophy should begin with an analysis of propositions is a truth too evident, perhaps, to demand a proof". 1 Forty years later, the interest aroused by this notion had not decreased. C. J. Ducasse wrote in the Journal of Philosophy: "There is perhaps no question more basic for the theory of knowledge than that of the nature of 2 propositions and their relations to judgments, sentences, facts and inferences". Today, the great number of publications on the subject is proof that it is still of interest. One of the problems raised by propositions, the problem of deter­ mining whether propositions, statements or sentences are the primary bearers of truth and falsity, is even in the eyes of Bar-Hillel, "one of the major items that the future philosophy oflanguage will have to discuss". 3 gave a correct summary of the situation when he wrote in his Ph. Devaux Russell (1967): Since Peano and Schroder who, in fact, adhered more faithfully to Boole's logic of classes, the logical and epistemological status of the proposition together with its analysis have not ceased to be the object of productive philosophical controversies. And especially so since the establishment of contemporary symbolic logic, the foundations 4 of which have been laid out by Russell and Whitehead. * 2.
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / The Concept of Mental Illness and the Law -- The Concept of Mental Illness: A Philosophical Examination -- Legal Conceptions of Mental Illness -- Section II / Criminal and Civil Liability of the Mentally Ill -- Minds on Trial -- Mental Abnormality, Personal Responsibility, and Tort Liability -- Section III / Involuntary Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill -- Paternalistic Grounds for Involuntary Civil Commitment: A Utilitarian Perspective -- Involuntary Civil Commitment: The Moral Issues -- Section IV / Thomas Szasz’s Proposals: A Reconstruction and Defense -- Critical Use of Utilitarian Arguments: Szasz on Paternalism -- Section V / Critical Commentaries -- Function of Mental Health Codes in Relation to the Criminal Justice System -- The Diminished Moral Status of the Mentally Ill -- A Concern for Hardening of the Categories -- Involuntary Civil Commitment: Concerning the Grounds of Ethics -- Notes on Contributors -- Index 251.
    Abstract: This volume developed from and around a series of six lectures sponsored by Rice University and the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston in the Fall of 1976. Though these lectures on the concepts of mental health, mental illness and personal responsibility, and the social treatment of the mentally ill were given to general audiences in Houston and Galveston, they were revised and expanded to produce six extensive formal essays by Dan Brock, Jules Coleman, Joseph Margolis, Michael Moore, Jerome Neu, and Rolf Sartorius. The five remaining contributions by Daniel Creson, Corinna Delkeskamp, Edmund Erde, James Speer, and Stephen Wear were in various ways engendered by the debates occasioned by the original six lectures. In fact, the majority of the last five contributions emerged from informal dis· cussions occasioned by the original lecture series. The result is an interlocking set of essays that address the law and public policy insofar as they bear on the treatment of the mentally ill, special atten· tion being given to the defmition of mental illness, generally and in the law, to the issues of the bearing of mental incompetence in cases of criminal and civil liability, and to the issue of involuntary commitment for the purpose of treatment or for institutional care. There is as well a critical defense of Thomas Szasz's radical proposal that mental illnesses are best understood as problems in living, not as diseases.
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  • 89
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989665
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy 20
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: 1. The Basic Analysis of Conditionals -- 1.1. Conditionals and Formalization -- 1.2. Hypothetical Deliberation -- 1.3. Some Intuitively Valid Inference Patterns -- 1.4. Formal Semantics for Hypothetical Deliberation -- 1.5. The Weak Conditional Logic W -- 2. Classical vs Non-Classical Logics -- 2.1. Defining the Issues -- 2.2. The Case for Non-Classical Logic -- 2.3. The Non-Classical Logic H -- 2.4. An Evaluation of H -- 3. Alternative Model Theories -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. World-Selection-Function Models -- 3.3. System-of-Spheres Models -- 3.4. Relational Models -- 3.5. Class-Selection-Function Models -- 3.6. Neighborhood Models -- 3.7. Extensional Models -- 3.8. Summary of Equivalence Results -- 3.9. Depth -- 4. Classical Analyses of Conditionals -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Stalnaker and the Uniqueness Assumption -- 4.3. Lewis and Systems of Spheres -- 4.4. Gabbay and the Role of Consequents -- 4.5. Pollock and Justification Conditions -- 4.6. Adams and Probabilistic Entailment -- 5. Causation and the Temporal Regularity of Subjunctive Conditionals -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The Counterfactual Analysis of Event Causation -- 5.3. A Miraculous Analysis and a Non-Miraculous Analysis -- 5.4. Lewis’s Miraculous Analysis -- 6. Subjunctive Probabilities -- 6.1. A New Species of Conditional Probability -- 6.2. Relative Reasonableness -- 6.3. General Semantics for Subjunctive Probabilities -- 6.4. Subjunctive Probabilities and Probabilistic Entailment -- 6.5. Conditionals, Probability, and Decision Theory -- 7. Algebraic Semantics -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Algebras -- 7.3. Algebras and Models -- 7.4. Some Independence Results -- 7.5. Non-Classical Logics -- List of Rules and Theses -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789400989351
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 19-1
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 19-1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: to Volumes I and II -- I: The Causal Theory of Time in the Works of Its Principal Representatives -- I. Leibniz and the Beginnings of the Causal Theory of Time -- II. Kant’s Phenomenalist Interpretation of the Causal Theory of Time -- III. Lechalas’ Adaptation of the Causal Theory of Time to the Laws of pre-Einsteinian Physics -- IV. The Relativistic Phase of the Causal Theory of Time: The Axiomatic Systems of Robb and Carnap -- V. The Relativistic Phase of the Causal Theory of Time: The Work of Reichenbach -- VI. Russell’s Causal Explanation of Duration -- VII. Alternative Approaches to Time’s Arrow -- II: Duration and Causality -- VIII. The Intuitive Foundations of the Knowledge of Time -- IX. Physical Time -- X. Non-Physical Time -- Supplement -- 1. The Present Empirical Status of Psychophysical Parallelism -- 2. Conceptual Analysis of Psychophysical Parallelism -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: An intermittent but mentally quite disabling illness prevented Henry Mehlberg from becoming recognized more widely as the formidable scholar he was, when at his best. During World War II, he had lived in hiding under the false identity of an egg farmer, when the Nazis occupied his native Poland. After relatively short academic appointments at the University of Toronto and at Princeton University, he taught at the University of Chicago until reaching the age of normal retirement. But partly at the initiative of his Chicago colleague Charles Morris, who had preceded him to a 'post-retirement' profes­ sorship at the University of Florida in Gainesville, and with the support of Eugene Wigner, he then received an appointment at that University, where he remained until his death in 1979. In Chicago, he organized a discussion group of scholars from that area as a kind of small scale model of the Vienna Circle, which met at his apart­ ment, where he lived with his first wife Janina, a mathematician. It was during this Chicago period that the functional disturbances from his illness were pronounced and not infrequent. The very unfortunate result was that colleagues who had no prior knowledge of the caliber of his writings in Polish and French or of his very considerable intellectual powers, had little incentive to read his published work, which he had begun to write in English.
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  • 91
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989443
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 135
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Preface to the English edition -- Preface to the Polish edition -- I Introduction -- 1.1. Mathematical notation -- 1.2. Numerical systems -- 1.3. Elementary systems -- 1.4. States and histories -- 1.5. Complex systems -- 1.6. Empirical phenomena -- 1.7. Phase-space of a phenomenon and some related technical notions -- 1.8. Semi-interpreted languages -- 1.9. Fundamental semantic concepts -- 1.10. Formalized languages and the deductive concept of a theory -- 1.11. A criterion of consistency -- 1.12. The concept of a theory -- II Regularities -- 2.0. Two conventions -- 2.1. Two types of regularities -- 2.2. State-determined phenomena -- 2.3. Mathematical models for state transformations -- 2.4. History-determined phenomena -- 2.5. Definability -- 2.6. Ontological versus semantic definability -- 2.7. Surrounding conditions -- 2.8. Self-determined phenomena -- 2.9. Invariancy -- 2.10. Notes -- III Empirical Theories -- 3.1. Axiomatic versus set theoretical way of defining theories -- 3.2. Theories as deductive systems -- 3.3. The concept of truth -- 3.4. Empirical theories -- 3.5. Two examples of empirical theories -- 3.6. Models and theories of empirical phenomena -- IV Measurement -- 4.1. Semantic conception of measurement -- 4.2. Complete measurement structures -- 4.3. Approximate measurement -- 4.4. Theoretical versus operational conception of measurement -- 4.5. Notes -- V Operational Structures -- 5.0. Introductory assumptions -- 5.1. Verification procedures -- 5.2. Operational structures -- 5.3. A revised notion of regularity -- 5.4. The concept of truth as related to operational structures -- 5.5. Truth by convention -- 5.6. Confirmation procedures -- 5.7. Probabilistic models -- 5.8. Dispersive operational structures -- 5.9. Evolution of empirical theories -- VI Appendix -- 6.1. Complementary tests -- 6.2. Physical systems -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: 11 original. Modifications which I introduced are radical and often far going. In my opinion the Polish text had two main drawbacks. It was overloaded with informal considerations and at the same time formal concepts included in some parts of the book were presented in a too complicated way. Of course one of the motives to revise it was also the fact that much time has passed since I finished writing the Polish version and obviously certain decisions and ideas contained in the first edition seem not quite relevant now. So it is not only the desire to make the exposition clearer but also the reasons of substantial nature which motivated writing a revised version. I do not think it desirable to bother the reader with a detailed discussion of all changes to which the Polish version was subjected and that is why I will confine myself to pointing out only the most significant ones. Explanations concerning logical and set-theoretical notions applied in the book have been shortened as much as possible, in the Polish version one whole chapter was devoted to the discussion of them.
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  • 92
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400990159
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (404p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 60
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 60
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Understanding Scientific Discovery -- Scientific Judgment: Creativity and Discovery in Scientific Thought -- Discussion of Wartofsky’s Paper -- The Rational Explanation of Historical Discoveries -- Theoretical and Methodological Innovation in the Copernican Era and Beyond: Social Factors -- The Legitimation of Scientific Belief: Theory Justification by Copernicus -- Wilhelm IV of Hesse-Kassel: Informal Commun-ication and the Aristocratic Context of Discovery -- The Clock Metaphor in the History of Psychology -- Biological Sciences From Darwin To Computer Diagnosis -- The Evolving Systems Approach to Creative Scientific Work: Charles Darwin’s Early Thought -- Ought Philosophers Consider Scientific Discovery? A Darwinian Case-Study -- Theory Construction in Genetics -- Discovery in the Biomedical Sciences: Logic or Irrational Intuition? -- Comment on Schaffner -- Reply -- Reductionistic Research Strategies and their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy -- Physics and Chemistry in the Twentieth Century -- The Discovery of a New Quantum Theory -- The Personal Character of the Discovery of Mechanisms in Cloud Physics -- The Structure of Discovery: Evolution of Structural Accounts of Chemical Bonding -- The Revolution in Geology: Continental Drift -- The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses and the Development of Plate Tectonic Theory -- Hess’s Development of his Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The history of science is articulated by moments of discovery. Yet, these 'moments' are not simple or isolated events in science. Just as a scientific discovery illuminates our understanding of nature or of society, and reveals new connections among phenomena, so too does the history of scientific activity and the analysis of scientific reasoning illuminate the processes which give rise to moments of discovery and the complex network of consequences which follow upon such moments. Understanding discovery has not been, until recently, a major concern of modem philosophy of science. Whether the act of discoyery was regarded as mysterious and inexplicable, or obvious and in no need of explanation, modem philosophy of science in effect bracketed the question. It concentrated instead on the logic of scientific explanation or on the issues of validation or justification of scientific theories or laws. The recent revival of interest in the context of discovery, indeed in the acts of discovery, on the part of philosophers and historians of science, represents no one particular method'ological or philosophical orientation. It proceeds as much from an empiricist and analytical approach as from a sociological or historical one; from considerations of the logic of science as much as from the alogical or extralogical contexts of scientific tho'¢tt and practice. But, in general, this new interest focuses sharply on the actual historical and contem­ porary cases of scientific discovery, and on an examination of the act or moment of discovery in situ.
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  • 93
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400990197
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 144
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: One: Methods of Concept Formation -- I. Metrical Concepts and Measurement in the Humanities -- II. Concepts with Family Meanings in the Humanities -- III. Persuasive Function of Language -- Two: Applications -- A. Aesthetics and Art Theory -- IV. Informational Aesthetics -- V. The Concept of Kitsch -- VI. The Concept of Happening -- VII. Interpretation of Art Works -- VIII. Beauty and its Socio-Psychological Determinants -- B. Social Sciences -- IX. The Concept of Indicator in the Social Sciences -- X. Semiotic Theory of Culture -- XI. Theory of Questions and its Applications in the Social Sciences -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Uniqueness of style versus plurality of styles: in terms of these aesthetic categories one of the most important differences between the recent past and the present can be described. This difference manifests itself in all spheres of life - in fashion, in everyday life, in the arts, in science. What is of interest for my purposes in this book are its manifestations in the processes of con­ cept formation as they occur in the humanities, broadly conceived. Here the following methodological approaches seem to dominate the scene. 1. A tendency to apply semiotic concepts in various fields of research. 2. Attempts to introduce metrical concepts and measurement, even into disciplines tra­ ditionally considered as unamenable to mathematical treatment, like aesthetics and theory of art. 3. Efforts to fmd ways of formulating empirically testable, operational criteria for the application of concepts, especially concepts which refer to objects directly not observable, like dispositions, attitudes, character or personality traits. Care is also taken to take advantage of the conceptual apparatus of methodology to express problems in the humanities with the highest possible degree of clarity and precision. 4. Analysis of the p~rsuasive function oflanguage and its possible uses in science and in everyday life. The above tendencies are present in this book. It is divided into two parts: I. Methods of Concept Formation, and II. Applications. In the first part some general methods of concept formation are presented and their merits discussed.
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  • 94
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989863
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 56
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay: Scientific Discovery and the Future of Philosophy of Science -- The Character of Scientific Change -- Discussion of Shapere -- Discovery and Rule-Books -- Discussion of Achinstein -- Analysis as a Method of Discovery During the Scientific Revolution -- The Method of Analysis in Mathematics -- Why Was the Logic of Discovery Abandoned? -- The Rationality of Discovery -- The Logic of Discovery: An Analysis of Three Approaches -- The Logic of Invention -- Scientific Discoveries as Growth of Understanding: The Case of Newton’s Gravitation -- The Vanishing Context of Discovery: Newton’s Discovery of Gravity -- The Role of Models in Theory Construction -- Can Scientific Constraints Be Violated Rationally? -- Why Philosophers Should Not Despair Of Understanding Scientific Discovery -- Productive Reasoning and the Structure of Scientific Research -- Structural Explanations in Social Science -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: It is fast becoming a cliche that scientific discovery is being rediscovered. For two philosophical generations (that of the Founders and that of the Followers of the logical positivist and logical empiricist movements), discovery had been consigned to the domain of the intractable, the ineffable, the inscrutable. The philosophy of science was focused on the so-called context of justification as its proper domain. More recently, as the exclusivity of the logical reconstruc­ tion program in philosophy of science came under question, and as the critique of justification developed within the framework of logical and epistemological analysis, the old question of scientific discovery, which had been put on the back burner, began to emerge once again. Emphasis on the relation of the history of science to the philosophy of science, and attention to the question of theory change and theory replacement, also served to legitimate a new concern with the origins of scientific change to be found within discovery and invention. How welcome then to see what a wide range of issues and what a broad representation of philosophers and historians of science have been brought together in the present two volumes of the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science! For what these volumes achieve, in effect, is the continuation of a tradition which had once been strong in the philosophy of science - namely, that tradition which addressed the question of scientific discovery as a central question in the understanding of science.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789400989474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 42
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: What makes a living system a living system? What kind of biological phenomenon is the phenomenon of cognition? These two questions have been frequently considered, but, in this volume, the authors consider them as concrete biological questions. Their analysis is bold and provocative, for the authors have constructed a systematic theoretical biology which attempts to define living systems not as objects of observation and description, nor even as interacting systems, but as self-contained unities whose only reference is to themselves. The consequence of their investigations and of their living systems as self-making, self-referring autonomous unities, is that they discovered that the two questions have a common answer: living systems are cognitive systems, and living as a process is a process of cognition. The result of their investigations is a completely new perspective of biological (human) phenomena. During the investigations, it was found that a complete linguistic description pertaining to the ‘organization of the living’ was lacking and, in fact, was hampering the reporting of results. Hence, the authors have coined the word ‘autopoiesis’ to replace the expression ‘circular organization’. Autopoiesis conveys, by itself, the central feature of the organization of the living, which is autonomy
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789400990227
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the History of Modern Science 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Ranch School to Secret City -- Early Days at Los Alamos -- A New Laboratory is Born -- Outside the Inner Fence -- Reminiscences of Wartime Los Alamos -- The Scientific and Technological Miracle at Los Alamos -- The Fermis’ Path to Los Alamos -- Los Alamos From Below -- Tales of Los Alamos -- Los Alamos — The First 25 Years -- Biographical Notes.
    Abstract: Although the World War II efforts to develop nuclear weapons have inspired a very large literature, it struck us as noteworthy that virtually nothing existed in the form of firsthand accounts. Now It Can Be Told, by General Leslie Groves, the Manhattan Project's military commander, is probably the most prominent exception, but the scientists themselves seem to have shown little interest in publishing their reminiscences. Believing that it would be not only worthwhile for posterity, but ex­ tremely interesting for the present generation to hear about the aspirations, fears, and activities of those who participated in this watershed of science and government collaboration, we arranged the public lecture series repre­ sented by this book.! We chose to focus upon Los Alamos since the project's efforts culminated there. The isolated laboratory in New Mexico was created to design and construct the first atomic bombs. More scientific brainpower was accumulated there than at any time since Isaac Newton dined alone, and the interactions with this community are of sociological interest, as the results of their work are of political import.
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  • 97
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989825
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Superfluous Entities, or Occam’s Razor (1930) -- II The Significance of the Scientific World View, Especially for Mathematics and Physics (1930) -- III Discussion about the Foundations of Mathematics (1930) -- IV Empiricism, Mathematics, and Logic (1929) -- V Reflections on Max Planck’s Positivismus und reale Aussenwelt (?1931) -- VI Review of Alfred Pringsheim, Vorlesungen über Zahlen- und Funktionenlehre, Vol. I, parts I and II, Leipzig and Berlin 1916 (1919) -- VII The Crisis in Intuition (1933) -- VIII Does the Infinite exist? (1934) -- Bibliography of the Works of H. Hahn.
    Abstract: The role Hans Hahn played in the Vienna Circle has not always been sufficiently appreciated. It was important in several ways. In the ftrst place, Hahn belonged to the trio of the original planners of the Circle. As students at the University of Vienna and throughout the fIrst decade of this century, he and his friends, Philipp Frank and Otto Neurath, met more or less regularly to discuss philosophical questions. When Hahn accepted his fIrSt professorial position, at the University of Czernowitz in the north­ east of the Austrian empire, and the paths of the three friends parted, they decided to continue such informal discussions at some future time - perhaps in a somewhat larger group and with the cooperation of a philosopher from the university. Various events delayed the execution of the project. Drafted into the Austrian army during the first world war" Hahn was wounded on the Italian front. Toward the end of the war he accepted an offer from the University of Bonn extended in recognition of his remarkable 1 mathematical achievements. He remained in Bonn until the spring of 1921 when he returm:d to Vienna and a chair of mathe­ matics at his alma mater. There, in 1922, the Mach-Boltzmann professorship for the philosophy of the inductive sciences became vacant by the death of Adolf Stohr; and Hahn saw a chance to realize his and his friends' old plan.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400988668
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: One: The Foundations of Knowledge -- I. Foundations -- II. System -- Two: The Foundations of Morality -- III. The Trial and Death of Socrates in Hegel’s History of Philosophy -- Three: The Foundations of Language -- IV. Language and Empirical Realism -- Four: The Foundations of Science -- V. Idealism and Abstract Idealism -- VI. The Metamorphoses of Empiricism -- Five: The System of Nature -- VII. Observation of Organic Nature (A) -- VIII. Observation of Organic Nature (B): Inner as Inner and Outer; Outer as Inner and Outer -- Six: The System of Philosophy -- IX. Revealed Religion and Absolute Knowledge -- X. Hegel And Wittgenstein on the Medium and Method of Philosophy -- XI. The Philosophical Proposition -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: One of the guiding thoughts throughout this work is that G. W. F. Hegel is the philosopher of the modern age, that subsequent phil­ osophers, whether or not they have read his works, must take their stand in relation to Hegel. My purpose is not only to present Hegel, but to show that his influence has been felt for some time, even though his presence has not been explicitly acknowledged. In spite of a recent revival in Heglian scholarship, the history of philosophy in the English-speaking world is generally obscured by a period of darkness between Kant and the early inquiries of Russell and Frege. A place is assigned to Mill and Bentham, but even today very few Anglo-Saxon philosophers would be prepared to recognise Marx as a philosopher, although it is widely held that Marx was in some way influenced by Hegel, which is probably a good reason for not paying too much attention to the latter. At best, an understand­ ing of Hegel is relevant to an understanding of Marx, but it is not considered that Hegel made a significant contribution to the main­ stream of Western philosophy from Descartes onwards, and it is assumed that he is of little relevance to the 'linguistic revolution' pioneered by Wittgenstein, Ryle, and Austin.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789400991170
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (355p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 15
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- A Sketch of Some Recent Developments in the Theory of Conditionals -- 2: The Classic Stalnaker-Lewis Theory of Conditionals -- A Theory of Conditionals -- Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility -- A Defense of Conditional Excluded Middle -- 3. Conditionals and Subjective Conditional Probability (The Ramsey Test Paradigm) -- Probability and Conditionals -- Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional Probabilities -- 4: Conditionals for Decision Making (Another Paradigm) -- Letter to David Lewis -- Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility -- 5: Indicative vs. Subjunctive Conditionals -- Indicative Conditionals -- Two Recent Theories of Conditionals -- Indicative Conditionals and Conditional Probability -- Indicative Conditionals and Conditional Probability: Reply to Pollock -- 6: Chance, Time, and the Subjunctive Conditional -- The Prior Propensity Account of Subjunctive Conditionals -- A Subjectivisms Guide to Objective Chance -- A Theory of Conditionals in the Context of Branching Time -- A Temporal Framework for Conditionals and Chance.
    Abstract: With publication of the present volume, The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science enters its second phase. The first fourteen volumes in the Series were produced under the managing editorship of Professor James J. Leach, with the cooperation of a local editorial board. Many of these volumes resulted from colloguia and workshops held in con­ nection with the University of Western Ontario Graduate Programme in Philosophy of Science. Throughout its seven year history, the Series has been devoted to publication of high quality work in philosophy of science con­ sidered in its widest extent, including work in philosophy of the special sciences and history of the conceptual development of science. In future, this general editorial emphasis will be maintained, and hopefully, broadened to include important works by scholars working outside the local context. Appointment of a new managing editor, together with an expanded editorial board, brings with it the hope of an enlarged international presence for the Series. Serving the publication needs of those working in the various subfields within philosophy of science is a many-faceted operation. Thus in future the Series will continue to produce edited proceedings of worthwhile scholarly meetings and edited collections of seminal background papers. How­ ever, the publication priorities will shift emphasis to favour production of monographs in the various fields covered by the scope of the Series. THE MANAGING EDITOR vii W. L. Harper, R. Stalnaker, and G. Pearce (eds.), lIs, vii.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789400990029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (267p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Crime, Justice, and Politics 2
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Programmes 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 4: Crime and Justice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Criminal justice, tolerance and discretion -- 3. Limitations of criminal justice statistics -- 4. Crime Index Offences -- 5. Crimes of violence -- 6. Murder and the death penalty -- 7. Rape, aggravated assault and robbery -- 8. Property crime -- 9. Overview and remarks on causes -- 10. White Collar crime -- 11. Offences cleared -- 12. Subjects charged -- 13. Convictions and the courts -- 14. Prisoners and penalties -- 15. Lawyers, law enforcement personnel and expenditures -- 16. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- 5: Politics and Organizations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Models of good behaviour -- 3. Voter turnout and the franchise -- 4. Political activities -- 5. Campaign spending -- 6. Political efficacy -- 7. Trust and confidence -- 8. Freedom of information -- 9. Heads of state -- 10. Aid to developing countries -- 11. United Nations -- 12. Military expenditures -- 13. Vietnam and international relations -- 14. In the shade of the elephant -- 15. Government expenditures -- 16. Union support and distrust -- 17. Industrial disputes -- 18. Summary and results -- Notes -- Tables, Figures, and Charts -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For readers who intend to read this volume without reading the first, some in­ troductory remarks are in order about the scope of the work and the strategy used in all five volumes to measure the quality of life. In the frrst chapter of Volume I, I reviewed the relevant recent literature on social indicators and so­ cial reporting, and explained all the general difficulties involved in such work. It would be redundant to repeat that discussion here, but there are some fundamental points that are worth mentioning. Readers who fmd this account too brief should consult the longer discussion. The basic question that will be answered in this work is this: Is there a difference in the quality of life in Canada and the United States of America, and if so, in which country is it better? Alternatively, one could put the question thus: If one individual were randomly selected out of Canada and another out of the United States, would there be important qualitative differences, and if so, which one would probably be better om To simplify matters, I often use the terms Canadian' and 'American' as abbreviations for 'a randomly selected resident' of Canada or the United States, respec­ tively.
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