Abstract: 1 / Introduction -- 2 / Atomic Structure -- 3 / Aggregations of Atoms—The Fluid States -- 4 / Aggregations of Atoms—Solids -- 5 / Crystal Growth and Size -- 6 / Aggregations of Two Sorts of Atoms—Binary Alloys -- 7 / Equilibrium Diagrams -- 8 / The Iron-carbon System -- 9 / Thermal Energy -- 10 / The Deformation of Metal Single Crystals -- 11 / The Strengthening of Metals -- 12 / Mechanical Testing of Polycrystalline Materials -- 13 / Plastic Flow and Fracture -- 14 / Fatigue -- 15 / Creep -- 16 / Heat Treatment of Steel -- 17 / Alloy Steels -- 18 / Corrosion -- 19 / Welding -- 20 / Inorganic Non-metallic Materials -- 21 / Organic Materials -- 22 / Composites -- 23 / The Nucleus -- Appendix I—Some equilibrium diagrams of interest and importance -- Appendix II—Equilibrium and free energy -- Appendix III—SI units -- Answers to Numerical Questions.

Abstract: The engineering designer is always limited by the properties of available materials. Some properties are critically affected by variations in com­ position, in state or in testing conditions, while others are much less so. The engineer must know this if he is to make intelligent use of the data on properties of materials that he finds in handbooks and tables, and if he is to exploit successfully new materials as they become available. He can only be aware of these limitations if he understands how pro­ perties depend on structure at the atomic, molecular, microscopic and macroscopic levels. Inculcating this awareness is one of the chief aims of the book, which is based on a successful course designed to give university engineering students the necessary basic knowledge of these various levels. The material is equivalent to a course of about eighty to a hundred lectures. In the first part of the book the topics covered are mainly fundamental physics. The structure of the atom, considered in non-wave-mechanical terms, leads to the nature of interatomic forces and aggregations of atoms in the three forms-gases, liquids and solids. Sufficient crystallography is discussed to facilitate an understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the crystals. The band theory of solids is not included, but the basic concepts which form a preliminary to the theory-energy levels of electrons in an atom, Pauli's exclusion principle, and so on-are dealt with.

Abstract: Holland’s Advance -- Poverty in Flanders and Brabant from the Fourteenth to the Mid-Sixteenth Century: Sources and Problems -- Prices and Wages as Development Variables: A Comparison between England and the Southern Netherlands, 1400–1700 -- An Inquiry into the Behaviour of Wages in the Dutch Republic and the Southern Netherlands, 1580–1800 -- Poverty in Amsterdam at the Close of the Eighteenth Century -- Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp in America, 1783–1784 -- Some Remarks on the Cultivation System in Java -- The Mutiny on board De Zeven Provincien: Reaction and Repercussions in the Netherlands -- Dutch Jews in a Segmented Society -- Survey of Recent Historical Works on Belgium and the Netherlands Published in Dutch.

Abstract: I. Point Of Departure -- II. Appeasement Defined -- III. On Motives and Similarities -- IV. Ideological Angst -- V. Portraits of Two Epochs -- VI. The Balance Sheet.

Abstract: It has not been my intention to write a definitive study of appeasement. Such a work would have to include the French variety, Stalin's appeasement of Hitler between 1939 and 1941, or the appeasement of Japan in 1938 and 1939. I chose the British case for a number of reasons. The opportunity of a comparative model was a challenge, British appeasement was well known, and the structure of the British government remained rather the same in the intervening period between Waterloo and Dunkirk. I admit that Amiens and Munich represent the most dramatic episodes in the story of appeasement, but then the British struggles against Bonaparte and Hitler were of epic proportions. It was of course unnecessary "to prove" appeasement at Munich, but very few historians had looked at the treaty of Amiens in this way. Much of my research effort was therefore devoted to examining the published material of the earlier period. While I have used some original Addington documents, this work is not primarily an inquiry into unpublished sources but a rein­ terpretation of well known events that were made public long ago. The flood of publications and revelations of the 1930's continues unabated. I have tried to use the latest studies, especially those that have benefited from the thirty­ year rule. My debts of gratitude extend over a long period since two stints as chairman of the department have delayed this book by at least four years.

Abstract: 1. 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers -- 2. Mass Spectrometry -- 3. High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography -- 4. Light Scattering in Synthetic Polymer Systems -- 5. Molecular Dimensions of Amorphous Polymers by Neutron Scattering -- 6. Recent Advances in the Study of Polymers by Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 7. Quantitative Differential Scanning Calorimetry -- 8. Microscopy of Polymer Surfaces.

Abstract: Over two decades ago, !he term characterisation covered just those techniques which measured the properties of polymers in solution in order to determine molecular weight and size. The discoveries of stereoregular polymers and polymer crystals created the need for new and advanced techniques for characterising chain structures and bulk properties. Further demands for new and improved characterisation methods for bulk polymers have resulted from the recent development and exploitation of multi phase polymeric systems, such as polymer blends, block and graft copolymers, and polymer composites. Today, therefore, characterisation is a very important part of polymer science. The polymer chemist must know the chain length, chain microstructure and chain conformation of the polymers he or she has prepared, i. e. the determination of molecular properties. The scientist involved in exploiting polymers in such applications as plastics, elastomers, fibres, surface coatings and adhesives must be informed on the morphology and physical and mechanical behaviour of his or her products, i. e. the determination of bulk and surface properties and their dependence on molecular properties. The techniques required for these determinations now cover an extremely wide field. Our aim has been to review a number of techniques critically and in sufficient depth so that the present state and future potential of each technique may be judged by the reader. Three criteria were used in the selection of techniques. First, we wished to present new methods which have been developed actively in the polymer field during the past five years.

Abstract: Inleiding / Introduction -- Kempo Thessaliensis, De Gloriosa Virgine Maria, Alkmaar, Johannes Haghen Daventriensis, CA. 1518, [NK 1276-NATI, 6] -- Wandelinghe Der Kersten Menschen Amsterdam, Hugo Jansz Van Woerden, 1506 [Nk 2198-Nat, II 10] -- Het Evangelie Van Mattheus Amsterdam, Doen Pietersz, 1522 [Nk 369-Nat I, 1] -- Alardus Amstelredamus, Ritus Edendi Paschalis Agni Amsterdam, Doen Pietersz, 1523 [Nk 57-Nat IV, 15] -- Statuta Jurisdictionis Kennemarie Amsterdam, Peter Jansz Tyebout, 1527 [Nk 1951-Nat I, I en 2] -- Die Kaert Vander Zee (Met Het Waterrecht Van Wisby) Amsterdam, Jan Seversz Die Croepel, 1532 [Nk 3290 & 4085-Nat 11, 1] -- Den Herbarius in Dietsche Antwerpen, Govaert Bac, 1511 [Nk 1049-Nat I, 4] -- Ludolphus De Saxonia, Dit Es Dleven Ons Liefs Heeren Ihesu Cristi Antwerpen, Henrick Eckert Van Homberch, 1503 [Nk 1407-Nat I, 4 En VIII, 26] -- Der Zielen Troost Antwerpen, Adriaen Van Berghen, 1509 [Nk 2084-Nat II, 2] -- Heynric Herp, Groote Ende Nieuwe Spieghel Der Volcomenheit Antwerpen, Weduwe Roelant Van Den Dorpe, 1501 [Nk 1062-Nat I, 4] -- Cronike Van Brabant Antwerpen, Jan Van Doesborch, 1530 [Nk 654-Nat IX, 27] -- Het Nieuw Testament Antwerpen, Willem Vorsterman, 20 Sept. 1529 [NK 396-NAT V, II] -- Det Ny Testamente Antwerpen, Willem Vorsterman, 1529 [Nk 412-Nat, Impressions Danoises, Ii, 5] -- Die Wonderlijcke Oorloghen Van Maximiliaen Antwerpen, Willem Vorsterman, CA. 1531 [NK 1626-NATt XXXV, 215] -- Ulenspieghel Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, CA. 1519 [NK 2088-NAT XXIV, 102] -- Joannes Ludovicus Vives, De Concordia & Discordia in Humano Genere Ad Carolum V Caesarem Libri Quattuor Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, 1529 [NK 2163-NAT XIII, 49] -- De Triumphelicke Ghereeschappen Ende Ordinancie Vander Incomste Der Keyserliker Maiesteyt Carolo V in De Stadt Van Napels… Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, 1536 [NK 1163-NAT XIX, 85 (= 84)] -- Jason Pratensis, De Tuenda Sanitate Libri Quatuor Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten, 1538 [NK 1753-NAT XII, 45] -- Coustumes & Usaiges De … Vallenchiennes Antwerpen, Michiel Hillen Van Hoochstraten Voor Jehan Pissart, Bergen, 1540 [NK 633-NAT VI, 23] -- Bernardus Lutzenburgensis, Compendium Sermocionatorium in Preconio Dive Anne Genitricis Marie… Antwerpen, Jan Lettersnijder, CA. 1506 [NK 296-NAT II, 6] -- Johannes De Ketham, Fasciculus Medicine Antwerpen, Claes De Grave, 1512 [NK 1223-Nat V, II] -- Maximiliaan I, Houtsneden Antwerpen, Jan De Gheet, 1515 [NK 1505 EN 3509-NAT IV, 4] -- Novum Testamentum Antwerpen, Jan Thibault, 1525 [NK 341-NAT III, 10–13] -- Dat Nieuwe Testament Antwerpen, Jan Van Ghelen, 1525 [NK 383-NAT III, 22] -- Souterliedekens Antwerpen, Symon Cock, 1540 [NK 1918-NAT IX, 34] -- Den Bijbel Antwerpen, Jacob Van Liesvelt, 6 September 1526 [NK 386-NAT IV, 20] -- Anna Bijns, Dit Is Een Schoon Ende Suuverlijc Boecxken Inhoudende Veel Scoone Constige Refereinen… Antwerpen, Jacob Van Liesvelt, 1528 [NK 423-NAT VIII, 44] -- Den Bijbel Antwerpen, Hansken Van Liesvelt, 1538 [NK 409] -- Missale Traiectense Antwerpen, Christoffel Van Ruremund Voor Willem Vorsterman En Govaart Van Der Haghen, 1527 [NK I53O-NAT C.V.R.I.] -- Nieuw Testament Antwerpen, Hans Van Ruremund, 1525 [NK 381-NAT, II, 8 EN III, 19] -- La Saincte Bible En Francoys Translatee Selon La Pure & Entière Traduction De Sainct Hierome…Antwerpen, Marten De Keyser, 1534, [NK 419-NAT XI, 54] -- La Saincte Bible En Francoys Translatee Selon La Pure & Entière Traduction De Sainct Hierome…Antwerpen, Marten De Keyser, 1534 [NK 419-NAT XII, 55] -- Oud En Nieuw Testament, Antwerpen, H. Peetersen Van Middelburg, 1535, [NK 407-NAT VI, 23] -- Gemma Phrysius, De Principiis Astronomiae Et Cosmographiae, Antwerpen, Joannes Grapheus, 1530, [NK 97I-NAT II, 6] -- Johannes Servilius, Lexicon Graeco-Latinum, Antwerpen, J. Grapheus Voor J. Steels, 1540, [NK 1900-NAT II, 6] -- Hans Holbein De Jonge, Historiarum Veteris Instrumenti Icones, Antwerpen, J. Steels, 1540, [NK 1103-NAT SUPP. III, 7, 8, 9] -- Urbanus Regius, Dialogus Van De Prekingile Die Christus Den Twee Discipelen Dede, Tot Emaus Gaende Op Den Paesdach Antwerpen?, Niclaes Van Oldenborch, 1538 [NK I789-NAT I, 2 EN 5] -- Guilielmus De Branteghem, Jesu Christi Vita Antwerpen, Mattheus Crom, 1537 [NK 486-NAT I, 2] -- Eusebius Caesariensis, Die Historie Die Men Heet Ecclesiastica… Antwerpen, Govaert Van Der Haghen, 1534 [Nk 883-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, II, 8] -- S. Bonaventura, De Verweckinghe Der Godlijcker Liefden Antwerpen, Goris De Bonte, 1535 [nk 470-nat, derniers imprimeurs, I, 6] -- Gemma Phrysius, Arithmeticae Practicae Methodus Facilis Antwerpen, Gillis Coppens Van Diest, 1540 [Nk 970-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VI, 24] -- Christianus Massaeus, Chronicorum Libri Xx Antwerpen, Joannes Crinitus, 1540 [Nk I500-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VI, 25] -- Cornelius Scribonius Grapheus, Pacis Inter Carolum v et Franciscum i Descriptio Antwerpen, Joannes Coccius, 1540 [NK 1023-nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VI, 27] -- Evangelia Et Epistolae, Breviusculis Qui B Usd A M Hermanni Torrentini Scholiis illustrata Antwerpen, Anthonis Van Der Haghen, 1540 [NK 897-Nat, Derniers Imprimeurs, VIII, 32–33] -- Rosarium Mysticum Animae Fidelis Antwerpen, Marten De Keyser amp; Willem Vorsterman, 1535 [NK 1807] -- Martin Luther, Die Epistel Van S. Pauwels tot die galaten… Uutgeleyt DooreenengEleerdenende Christelicken Man Antwerpen, Jan Hillen Van Hoochstraten, ca. 1526 [NK 1433-Nat I, 8] -- Cornelis Van Baersdorp, Methodus Universae Artis Medicae Brugge, Hubert De Croock, 1538 [NK 163-Nat IV, 17] -- Magninus Mediolanensis Tregement der Ghesontheyt Brüssel, Thomas Vander Noot, 1514 [NK 1453-Nat II, 4] -- Uit: Tbouck Van Wondre, 1513 Drukkersmerk Van Thomas Vander Noot [NK 433-cf. Nat III, 6] -- Den Spieghel der Behoudenessen Brüssel, Thomas Vander Noot, CA. 1508? [NK 1929-Nat V, 9 -- TSCEP Vol Wonders Brüssel, Thomas Vander Noot, 1514 [NK 1875-Nat 1,2] -- Litterae Confraternitatis AO 1516 Volkerus, Prior B. Marie de Bethleem in Wateringen [NK 4412] -- Johannes Eckiusj Declaracie Teghen Zommighe Articulen der Lutherane N Delft, Cornelis Henricsz Lettersnyder, 1527 [NK 752-Nat VIII, 36] -- Martinus De Gouda, Compendium Latini Ideomatis Den Hem, Regulieren, 1509 [NK 3503-NAT SUPP. IV, 37] -- Historie Van Sinte Anna, Vertaald Door Wouter Bor Deventer, Richard Pafraet, 1509 [NK 1082, Deperditu M—Nat Borne 1, 1] -- Johannes Reuchlin, Sergius Vel Capitis Caput Deventer, Jacob Van Breda, 1509 [NK 1796-Nat I, 10] -- Nocturnus Septimus Psalmorum Daviticorum Deventer, Jacob van Breda, CA. 1215 [NK 1600-Nat I, 3] -- S. Hieronymus, Epistolae de Fructu Laboris et Periculis Ocii Deventer, Theod. de Borne, CA. 1515 [NK 1073-Nat IV, 14] -- Marcus Tullius Cicero, Paradoxorum Libellus Deventer, Theod. de Borne, 1519 [NK 570-Nat I, I] -- Ordinarius Congregationis Wyndesemensis Deventer, Alb. Pafraet, 1521 [Nk 1649-Nat Iv, 16] -- Publius Terentius Afer, Andria Deventer, Alb. Pafraet, 1525 [Nk 1983-Nat Iv, 19] -- Nieuw Testament Deventer, Alb. Pafraet, 1525 [Nk 382-Nat Ix, 45] -- Junius Juvenalis, Satyra Octava Deventer, Wessel Zuseler, 1523 [Nk 1243-Nat I, 2] -- Henricus Bebel, De Romanorum Magistratibus Gent, Pieter De Keysere, 1521 [Nk 260-Nat II, 4] -- Johannes Despauterius, De Figuris Liber Gent, Pieter De Keysere, 1520 [Nk 2761-Nat III, 9] -- Robertus Gropretius, Regimen Sanitatis Gent, Joos Lambrecht, 1538 [Nk 3128-Nat II, 4] -- Breviarium Trajectense Gouda, Collaciebroeders, 1508 [Nk 4 94—Nat VII, 69] -- Q. Horatius Flaccus, Sermonum Libri Duo’S-Hertogenbosch, Laurens Hayen, 1521 [Nk II37-Nat I, 1] -- Regula Et Institutiones Seraphici Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Cum Nonnullis Privilegiis ’S-Hertogenbosch, Laurens Hayen, Ca. 1509–1510 [Nk 3 79 0—N At III, II] -- R. Langius, Carmen In Horas Dominicas’S-Hertogenbosch, Fratres Domus S. Gregorii, 1526 [Nk 1314-Nat I, 1] -- G. Macropedius, Andrisca Fabula Lepidissima ’S-Hertogenbosch, Gerard Van Der Hatart, 1538 [Nk 1444-Nat Ii, 8] -- P. Vergilius Maro, Georgica Cum Argumentis Modestini ’S-Hertogenbosch, Jan Van Turnhout, 1530 [Nk 4049-Nat S Up P. I, 1] -- Sybe Jarichs, Een Corte Cronike Kampen, Jan Evertsz., 1536 [Nk 1196-Nat I, 1] -- Rhenanus Uzichius, In Exceptionem Zutphaniensem Etc. Panegyricus Kampen, Jan Petersz., 1538 [Nk 38Oi-Nat Supp. Ii, 5] -- Cornelius Aurelius, Cronycke Van Hollandt, Zeelandtende Vrieslant Leiden, Jan Severszoon, 1517 [Nk 613] -- Legende Van S. Katherina Vander Seyn Leiden, Jan Severszoon, Voor 1509? [Nk 1338-Nat Xi, 32] Sonderlinghe Deuote Oeffeninghe Der Passien Ons Heren Op Den Pater Noster Ghedeclareert … Leiden, Peter Janszoon, Z.J. [Nk 1618-1619-Nat 1,1] -- Breviarium Traiectense Leiden, Jan Severszoon, 1508 [Nk 493-Nat I, I] -- Almanach Voor Den Iare 1540 … Leiden, Peter Claeszoon Van Balen, 1539 [Nk 2300] -- Plutarchus, Apophthegmata Leuven, Dirk Martens, 1521 [Nk I74I-Nat VIII, 27] -- Adrianus Florentii Epistola Ad Facultatem Theologiae Lovaniensem. Condemnationes Doctrin Ae M. Luthe Ri A T...

Abstract: Editors and the Impact of New Techniques: Mechanization and Organization -- Some Aspects of Data-Recording and Microform Output for Information Distribution -- Editorial Processing Centres: A View from the United Kingdom -- Editorial Processing Centres and International Scientific Journals -- Editing a Photographically Reproduced Journal -- The Dual Journal Concept -- Innovation in the Publication of Lengthy Research Articles -- On-Line Preparation of Typescript -- Discussion -- Primary Publications and Modern Information Systems. Copyright Problems from the Viewpoint of Editors of Scientific Journals -- Discussion -- Librarians’ Reactions to Non-Conventional Publishing Methods -- PANEL: Users’ Reactions to New Techniques in Scientific Publishing -- Discussion -- Multiple Choice, a Publications Option for a Diverse Science -- The Journal as a Centre for International Communications: The Experience of Current Anthropology -- Discussion -- Flagging and Tagging Scientific Data -- Discussion -- Science, Society and the Editor -- Treatment of 100 Man-Related Scientific Problems: Science as an Indicator of Publications -- Information Transfer and Management in the European Community -- Discussion -- How Editors Catalyze the Publication Explosion -- Logopollution and Ways to Prevent it -- Model of the Growth of Science Illustrates Structural Problem in Scientific Publishing -- Publication-Centred Symposium: An Experiment -- Discussion -- In Defence of Standardized On-Demand Publication -- The Publication Game and the Education of Future Scholars -- Editors’ Impact on Science Policies and Politics -- The Editor as Mover or Retarder of Scientific Ideas -- Discussion -- Creators and Gatekeepers — Authors, Editors, Referees -- Democracy of the Intellect -- The Role of Review Journals in Scientific Publication -- Reports on Progress in Physics -- Discussion -- Refereeing and Judgment -- Editorial Judgment in Scientific Periodicals -- Improving Referee-Selection and Manuscript Evaluation -- Refereeing Reconsidered: An Examination of Unwitting Bias in Scientific Evaluation -- Discussion -- Publication, Innovation and Citation -- Sex and Money -- Discussion -- The Creative Role and Function of Editors -- Discussion -- Can Editing be Quantitated? -- Standards and Style -- A Coherent Philosophy of Titles, Abstracts and Keywords in Scientific Articles -- The CSIRO Style Manual -- Progress with Editerra Editors’ Handbook -- The Fourth Edition of the CBE Style Manual -- Style Manuals and Guides for Authors and Editors: Prescriptive or Descriptive? -- On the Preparation of a Reference Manual for Authors and Typists of an International Research Centre -- Style! Why Bother? -- Discussion -- Standardization of Written Information in Science and Technology -- An Editor’s View of Standards and Standardization -- Presentation of Numerical Data in the Primary Literature -- Barriers in the Flow of Numerical Data from Primary to Secondary to Tertiary Literature. A Case History -- The CODATA Biologists’ Guide for Presentation of Numerical Data -- Four Kinds of Style -- Economics and Organization of Scientific Publishing -- to Morning Session -- The Organization and Economics of Publishing and the Function of the Editor -- Is a Good Editor a Good Publisher? -- Financing Scientific Society Journals in the USA -- Discussion -- The Publication of Scientific Journals in France -- Integrated Science Publishing: An Example from Australia -- Economics and Organization of Scientific Publishing: The ESRC Model Study -- Discussion -- Surviving Inflation? Some Recent Financial Problems of a Specialist Medical Journal -- Editing a Photographically Reproduced Mathematics Journal -- Page Composition Costs of Philosophy Journals: A Report on a Study -- Discussion -- International, National and Special Problems -- to Session: International, National and Regional Problems -- Experiences of the Nordic Publishing Board in Science (NOP) -- Centers for Scientific Publications -- Quantity and Quality in Israeli Science -- EDITEAST (Association of Editors in Science in Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania) and its Role in Scientific Publishing in the Region -- Science Publications in Hong Kong -- Discussion -- Social Sciences -- Functional Differentiation of Social Science Journals -- The Need for a Council of Social Science Editors -- Stability versus Change in Psychological Research. Toward Improved Standards in Psychological Journals -- Discussion -- Agricultural and Development Publications -- The Non-Conventional Literature of Tropical Agricultural Resource Assessment and Development: Its Nature, Sources, Quantity, Value and Accessibility -- A Rational System for Editing and Publishing the Literature of Tropical Agricultural Resource Assessment and Development Planning -- Scientific Editing and Publishing for the Third World: A Review from the Tropical Products Institute -- The International Development Research Centre: Its Unique Role in World Development -- Discussion -- Editor-Secondary Services Interface Developments in Secondary Information Services and Information Transfer -- Developments in Information Transfer -- Information Flow Between Primary Journals and Secondary Services: Report on a Study -- The Past and Future of the Conventional Abstracts Journal -- User Reactions to Secondary Journals -- Discussion -- On the Information Transfer from Primary to Secondary Sources and from Secondary to Primary Sources - An Editing Experiment in an Interdisciplinary Field (Automatic Image Analysis) -- How Services from the Institute for Scientific InformationR (ISIR) Aid Journal Editors and Publishers -- The Difficulties of Preparing the International Serials Catalogue. How Editors Could Help -- Discussion -- History of ASCE Indexing and Abstracting -- A Practical Seminar-Workshop Course in Scientific Writing -- Closing Session: Summary, Recommendations, Resolutions and Future -- Towards and International Federation of Scientific Editors’ Associations (IFSEA) -- Closing Session -- Sequel and Preview -- Call for Proposal and Comments -- Towards IFSEA - Organizing Committee and Draft Statutes -- Ciba Foundation Workshop on the Consolidation and Adoption of a Rational System for References - Resulting Suggestions -- List of Participants -- Editors’ Associations -- Style Manuals and Guides Exhibited -- Author Index.

Abstract: It was Faraday who in 1821 said that there are three necessary stages of useful research. The first to begin it, the second to· end it, and the third 1 to publish it. There has since indeed been so much research and publication that we have become increasingly alarmed by the galloping proliferation of scientific information produced in relation to the user's ability to retrieve and consume it effectively, conveniently and creatively. In 1948, to deal with this concern, the Royal Society Scientific Infor­ 1 mation Conference held in London spanned the whole realm of scientific in­ formation. Sir Robert Robinson, President of the Royal Society, in his open­ ing address noted that "the study of scientific information services in all its ramifications has enormous scope", and the London conference dealt with scientific publication, format, editorial policy, subject grouping, organiza­ tion, abstracting, reviews, classification, indexing and training of infor­ mation officers. It was about this time that information science began to develop more on the retrieval end, so it seems logical that the first editors' group founded in 1949 was ICSU AB, the International Council of Scientific Unions Abstract­ ing Board. In 1958 the National Academy of Sciences International Conference of 2 Scientific Information in Washington limited its interests and expanded on the later phases of the life cycle of information - storage and retrieval.

Abstract: (Volume Three) -- B. The Phenomenology of Spirit. Consciousness § 413 -- a. Consciousness as such § 418 -- b. Self-consciousness § 424 -- c. Reason § 438 -- C. Psychology. Spirit § 440 -- a. Theoretical spirit (Intelligence) § 445 -- b. Practical spirit § 469 -- c. Free spirit § 481 -- The Phenomenology of Spirit (Summer Term, 1825) -- B. Consciousness § 329 -- a. Consciousness as such -- 1) Sensuous consciousness § 335 -- 2) Perceptive consciousness § 337 -- 3) Understanding § 340 -- b. Self-consciousness § 344 -- 1) Immediate self-consciousness § 348 -- i) Drive -- ii) Desire -- iii) Satisfaction § 350 -- 2) The relatedness of one self-consciousness to another § 352 -- i) Struggle § 353 -- ii) Mastery and Servitude § 356 -- iii) Communal provision -- 3) Universal self-consciousness § 358 -- c. Reason § 360 -- 1) Certainty § 361 -- 2) Substantial truth § 362 -- 3) Knowing and spirit -- Notes -- Index to the Text -- Index to the Notes.

Abstract: 1 Early muscle development -- 1.1 Early stages of muscle fibre development -- 1.2 Lack of specialization of myotubes -- 1.3 The dependance of the structural integrity of the developing muscle fibres on innervation -- 2 Development of the motor nerves and their encounter with muscle fibres -- 2.1 Origin of motor nerve fibres and their growth into the periphery -- 2.2 Development of nerves and muscles and their interdependence -- 2.3 Development of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 2.4 Are nerve-muscle connections specified? -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Development of the neuromuscular junction -- 3.1 Distribution of ACh receptors during early development -- 3.2 Stabilization of chemosensitivity at the neuromuscular junction -- 3.3 Development of the subneural apparatus -- 3.4 Formation of stable nerve-muscle connections -- 3.5 Changes of chemosensitivity outside the endplate -- 3.6 Maintenance of endplate chemosensitivity -- 3.7 Pattern of innervation of muscle fibres -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4 Differentiation of skeletal muscle fibres -- 4.1 The muscles of lower vertebrates and birds -- 4.2 Mammalian muscles -- 4.3 How is differentiation into different fibre types induced? -- 4.4 Conclusions -- 5 The effects of denervation on muscle fibre properties and the regulation of chemosensitivity -- 5.1 Morphological changes following denervation -- 5.2 Metabolic changes in denervated muscles -- 5.3 Changes in contractile properties of denervated muscle -- 5.4 Changes in electrical properties of the membrane on denervation -- 5.5 Changes of chemosensitivity at the endplate -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 6 Re-innervation of the muscle by its motor nerve -- 6.1 Nerve growth -- 6.2 Establishment of nerve-muscle connections by the regenerating nerve fibre -- 6.3 Maturation of the regenerated axon and recovery of the muscle -- 6.4 Effects of muscle on normal and regenerating motor nerve terminals -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7 The mammalian motor unit -- 7.1 Specialization of motoneurones -- 7.2 Matching properties of different motoneurones to the muscle fibres they supply -- 7.3 Specialization of the vascular bed of slow and fast mammalian muscles -- 7.4 How is the matching of muscle fibres to their motoneurones brought about? -- 7.5 Development of the motor unit -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Plasticity in the neuromuscular system -- 8.1 Can different skeletal muscle fibres be transformed from one type to another? -- 8.2 Can the characteristic properties of neurones and their terminals be altered? -- 8.3 Specificity of nerve-muscle connections -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 9 Some examples of disturbances of nerve-muscle interactions -- 9.1 Disturbances caused by a change in the function of the motoneurone -- 9.2 Consequences of disease of the motoneurone, or axon -- 9.3 Disturbance due to disease of the neuromuscular junction -- 9.4 Disease of the muscle -- 9.5 Retrograde influences on the motoneurone -- References.

Abstract: In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula­ tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.

Abstract: Eidos and Science -- Durkheim and Husserl: A Comparison of the Spirit of Positivism and the Spirit of Phenomenology -- Can There Be a Scientific Concept of Ideology? -- The Problem of Anonymity in the Thought of Alfred Schutz -- Genesis and Validation of Social Knowledge: Lessons from Merleau-Ponty -- Notes on Contributors.

Abstract: The five essays in this work attempt in interpretive and original ways to further the common field of investigation of man in the life-world. Richard Zaner in his examination of the multi-level approach of the social sciences to the social order points us toward essences and the manner in which they are epistemically understood. By contrasting the work of the later Durkheim with that of Husserl, Edward Tiryakian is able to suggest a commonality of endeavor between them. Paul Ricoeur, after phenomenologically distinguishing three concepts of ideology, examines the supposed conflict between science and ideology and its resolution through a hermeneutics of historical understanding. Maurice N at anson in his discussion of the problem of anonymity reflects on both the sociological givenness of the world and its phenomenological reconstruction, showing the necessary interrelationship of both prior­ ities. Fred Dallmayr, after a presentation of the state of validation in the social sciences and their problems in attempting to ground them­ selves either in regard to logical positivism or phenomenology, refers us to the perspective of Merleau-Ponty concerning the relationship of cognition and experience.

Abstract: Herman Heijermans (1864-1924) was convinced that he lived in an "overgangs­ 1 tijdperk," a transitional period. As a young man in the eighteen nineties, he rejected those values and life styles which he felt belonged to the past period dominated by the bourgeoisie, and sought out situations and a profession which would attune him to the future when, he hoped, the proletariat would 2 be in power. He left the conservative business milieu of Rotterdam in 1892 and went to Amsterdam- then teeming with radical ideas. At first, Heijermans was attracted to a group of poets, de tachtigers, who were claiming to have enlivened the stale tradition of Dutch poetry by discovering language and beauty in a totally new way; but soon he felt them to be elitist. Then, in 1895, he became a member of the newly founded Dutch Social Democratic Workers Party. He alienated himself from the literary circles by claiming that art should be socialistic and by rejecting the class separation between artists and workers. He felt himself to be one with the proletariat and, through them, with "The New Life" and "The New Humanity. " Stimulated by the ongoing theater revival, which he interpreted as an attempt to challenge the bourgeois smugness and moral self-righteousness, he had started to write plays before becoming interested in the Socialist Party.

Abstract: Preface -- 1 Some Common Types of Investigation -- 2 Measurement -- 3 Some Simple Descriptive Statistics -- 4 Elementary Sampling Theory -- 5 Elementary Concepts of Probability -- 6 Contingency Tables and Tests of Association -- 7 Correlation and Regression -- 8 Simple Tests of Significance -- 9 Analysis of Variance -- 10 Recording Data on Punch Cards -- Appendix 1 The Normal Distribution Function -- References.

Abstract: For many years now I have been required to give a series of elementary lectures on statistics to medical students about to undertake a postgraduate course in psychiatry. The declared aim of the course, for which very limited time was available, was to provide the students with some initial understanding of the statistical terminology and elementary techniques to which other teachers, in particular psychologists and sociologists, would be likely to refer in the course of their lectures. The task was tricky for two reasons. In the first place most of the students involved, despite their best intentions, had forgotten their school mathematics, and secondly no textbook existed at the right level of difficulty which contained examples appropriate to these students' needs and experience. The present book was written to fill the gap. Though pri­ marily intended for psychiatrists, the book should prove very useful to any student of the behavioural sciences who wants a simple introductory course on the principles of experimental design and data analysis. It must be one of the simplest text­ books on elementary statistics ever written. I am indebted to the literary executor of the late Sir Ronald A. Fisher, F.R.S., to Dr Frank Yates, F.R.S., and to Oliver & Boyd Ltd for permission to reprint Tables 3 and 5 from their book Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research.

Abstract: One: The Elements of Knowledge -- I. The Nature of Transcendental Philosophy -- II. Kant’s Analytic-Synthetic Distinction Is Different from Ours -- III. An Interpretation of Kant’s Distinction -- IV. Kant’s Copernican Revolution -- Two: Transcendental Elements in Rationalism -- I. The Method of Clear and Distinct Ideas -- II. Spinoza’s Contribution to the Aesthetic -- Three: Genesis of a Theory of Reference -- I. Sensibility and Understanding -- II. Historical Motives for Kant’s Distinction -- III. From “Tractarian” to Critical Views About Representation -- Four: Terminology in the Aesthetic -- I. The Ethics of Terminology -- II. Intuitions as Singular Concepts -- III. Intuitions as Forms and as Conditions -- Five: Arguments in the Aesthetic -- I. Kant’s Strategy -- II. Space as an a priori Representation -- III. Space as an Intuitive Representation -- IV. Forms of Intuition in Formal and Transcendental Logic -- Appendix: Logical form in Critical Philosophy -- Index of Names.

Abstract: Introductory Notes -- I The World of Shapes, Colours and Sounds in Direct Aesthetic Evaluations -- 1 Interpretation in Aesthetic Experiences -- 2 Sensory Qualities -- 3 Configurations in Space or Time Not Based on Qualitative Relations -- 4 Configurations of Colours and Spatial Forms -- 5 The Organization of Tones in Music -- 6 The Appearance of Real Objects -- II On Arts Reproducing Reality -- 7 Two Realities in Art -- 8 The Problem of Realism -- 9 The Mode of Interpreting Content and Relation to a Preconceived Theme -- 10 The Direct Beauty of the Reproducing Object -- 11 The Value of Reality Reproduced -- 12 Symbolic Art -- 13 “Harmony of Content and Form” -- III The Problem of Expression -- 14 Expressive Signs -- 15 Aesthetic Value and the Expressing of Psychic States -- 16 Two Concepts of Expression in Aesthetics -- IV The Foundations of Aesthetics -- 17 Nature and Art -- 18 What are Aesthetic Experiences? -- 19 Beauty and Creativeness -- 20 Art and Culture -- Supplement 1 On Subjectivism in Aesthetics -- Supplement 2 On Research Concerning the Origin of Art Artistic Creativeness and Sexual Life -- Supplement 3 The Role of the Social Milieu in Shaping of Public Reactions to Works of Art -- Supplement 4 The Educational Potentialities of Artistic Creativeness -- Index of Names -- List of Illustrations.

Abstract: This translation was made from the third edition of The Foundations of Aesthetics as prepared by the author (I ed. 1933. II ed. 1949. III ed. 1957. IV ed. in Works 1966). Some parts of the text were deleted from this translation such as references to examples which could not be understood by non-Polish readers (e.g. reminiscences about famous theatrical interpretations. theatrical productions dating back many years or references to literary characters which serve as specific examples in the consciousness of readers of Polish literature). Names and works of Polish authors cited in the text have been supplemented by brief information notes (the numbers referring to these footnotes have been differentiated by block parentheses). In the block parentheses in the author's footnotes the latest editions are given. Illustrations at the end of the book have been placed according to the order in which they would best serve to analyze the various topics. IX STANISLAW OSSOWSKI'S CONCEPTION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES The Foundation of Aesthetics is the first major work by Stanislaw Ossowski. Ossowski is well known to the English reader for his socio­ logical works, and especially for his book Class Structure in Social Consciousness and the majority of his works deal with various theoretical and methodological problems of sociology. It should be stressed here, that the book in the field of aesthetics constitutes a turning point in his biography. in the process of changing his focus of interest from logic to sociology.

Abstract: (Volume Two) -- A. Anthropology. The soul § 388 -- a. The natural soul § 391 -- b. The feeling soul § 403 -- c. The actual soul § 411 -- Notes -- Index to the Text -- Index to the Notes.

Abstract: 1.Introduction -- 2.Basic Oscillator Theory -- 3.Methods of Design -- 3.1.Experimental Method of Design -- 3.2.Y-Parameter Method of Design -- 3.3.Power Gain Method of Design -- 3.4.Nonlinear Modifications -- 4.Oscillator Frequency Stability -- 4.1.Temperature Effects of Frequency -- 4.2.Long-Term Frequency Drift -- 4.3.Short-Term Frequency Stability -- 5.Quartz Crystal Resonators -- 5.1.Load Capacitance -- 5.2.Pin-To-Pin Capacitance -- 5.3.Resistance -- 5.4.Rated or Test Drive Level -- 5.5.Frequency Stability -- 5.6.Finishing or Calibration Tolerance -- 5.7.Crystal Aging -- 5.8.Q and Stiffness of Crystals -- 5.9.Mechanical Overtone Crystals -- 5.10.Spurious or Unwanted Modes -- 5.11.Vibration, Shock, and Acceleration -- 5.12.Standard Military Crystals -- 5.13.Specifications and Standards -- 6.Discussion of Transistors -- 6.1.Transistor Equivalent Circuits -- 6.2.Y-Parameter Model -- 6.3.Hybrid ? Equivalent Circuit -- 6.4.Nonlinear Models -- 7.Oscillator Circuits -- 7.1.Pierce, Colpitis, and Clapp Oscillators -- 7.2.Pierce Oscillator -- 7.3.Colpitis Oscillator -- 7.4.Clapp Oscillator -- 7.5.Grounded-Base Oscillator -- 7.6.Gate Oscillators -- 7.7.Integrated-Circuit Oscillators -- 8.Preproduction Tests for Crystal Oscillators -- 9.Other Topics -- 9.1.Crystal Switches -- 9.2.Pullable Oscillators -- 9.3.Crystal Ovens -- 9.4.Squegging, Squelching, or Motorboating -- 9.5.Spurious Oscillations -- 10. Temperature Compensation -- 10.1.Analog Temperature Compensation -- 10.2.Hybrid Analog-Digital Compensation -- 10.3.Digital Temperature Compensation -- 10.4.Temperature Compensation with Microprocessors -- Appendix A Derivation of the Complex Equation for Oscillation -- Appendix B Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Pierce Oscillator -- Appendix C Derivation of Y-Parameter Equations for the Grounded-Base Oscillator -- Appendix D Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Clapp Oscillator -- Appendix E Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Pierce Oscillator Analysis -- Appendix F Derivation of Approximate Equations for the Colpitts Oscillator -- Appendix G Large-Signal Transistor Parameters -- Appendix H Large-Signal Transistor Parameters with Emitter Degeneration -- Appendix I Nonlinear Analysis of the Colpitts Oscillator Based on the Principle of Harmonic Balance -- Appendix J Mathematical Development of the Sideband Level versus Phase Deviation Equation -- Appendix K Derivation of Crystal Equations -- Appendix L Sample Crystal Specification.

Abstract: Crystal oscillators have been in use now for well over SO years-one of the first was built by W. G. Cady in 1921. Today, millions of them are made every year, covering a range of frequencies from a few Kilohertz to several hundred Mega­ hertz and a range of stabilities from a fraction of one percent to a few parts in ten to the thirteenth, with most of them, by far, still in the range of several tens of parts per million.Their major application has long been the stabilization of fre­ quencies in transmitters and receivers, and indeed, the utilization of the frequency spectrum would be in utter chaos, and the communication systems as we know them today unthinkable,'without crystal oscillators. With the need to accommodate ever increasing numbers of users in a limited spectrum space, this traditional application will continue to grow for the fore­ seeable future, and ever tighter tolerances will have to be met by an ever larger percentage of these devices.

Abstract: I. Einleitung -- II. Zur Autonomie der Literaturwissenschaft -- A. Textbedeutungssuche als selbstverständliche Aufgabe der Literaturwissenschaft -- B. Umriß eines funktionalistischen Ansatzes -- C. Methodologische Konsequenzen einer rezeptionstheoretischen Orientierung -- D. Literaturwissenschaft als Wissenschaft von lliterarischen Texten? -- III. Literaturwissenschaft zwischen Text und Leser -- A. Hannelore Links paradigmatisches Programm einer überzeitlichen und methodenpluralistischen Literaturwissenschaft -- B. Wolfgang Isers Wirkungstheorie als Beispiel eines innerliterarischen Fragehorizonts -- IV. Anmerkungen -- V. Benutzte Literatur -- VI. Samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Abstract: Inhalts-Anzeige (Band Eins) -- Die Philosophie des Geistes -- zu der Philosophie des Geistes § 377 -- Erste Abtheilung Der Subjective Geist § 387 -- Ein Fragment zur Philosophie des Geistes (1822/5) -- a) Menschenkenntniss -- b) Psychologie -- c) Pneumatologie -- Begriff des Geistes und Eintheilung der Wissenschaft -- Racenverschiedenheit -- Die empfindende Seele -- Anmerkungen -- Register zum text -- Register zur Einleitung und zu den Anmerkungen.

Abstract: The foundations of this edition were laid at the University of Bochum. The readiness with which Professor Poggeler and his staff put the full resources of the Hegel Archive at my disposal, and went out of their way in helping me to survey the field and get t9 grips with the editing of the manuscript material, has put me very greatly in their debt. I could never have cleared the ground so effectively anywhere else, and I should like to express my very deep grati­ tude for all the help and encouragement they have given me. It has been completed in the Netherlands, - in a University which is justly proud of both the liberal and humanistic traditions of its country and its close links with the enterprise and accomplishments of a great com­ mercial city, and in a faculty engaged primarily in establishing itself as a centre of inter-disciplinary research. I have found these surroundings thoroughly congenial, and can only hope that the finished work will prove worthy of its setting.

Abstract: 1 The Morphology of Barley; the Vegetative Phase -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The quiescent barley grain -- 1.3 Changes in the germinating grain -- 1.4 The growth of the stem and leaves -- 1.5 The root system -- 1.6 Plant morphology and lodging -- References -- 2 The Morphology of the Reproductive Parts in Barley -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The development of the ear -- 2.3 Variations in the form of grains -- 2.4 The ear -- 2.5 Some implications of the wide variety of forms of barley -- References -- 3 The Origin and Classification of Barleys -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classifications of barleys -- 3.3 The position of barley within the Gramineae -- 3.4 The origin of cultivated barley -- References -- 4 The Biochemistry of Barley -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Carbohydrates -- 4.3 The glycolytic sequence, the pentose phosphate shunt and the tricarboxylic acid cycle -- 4.4 Barley lipids -- 4.5 Photosynthesis and photorespiration -- 4.6 The formation of porphyrins -- 4.7 Phenolic and aromatic substances -- 4.8 Amino acid metabolism -- 4.9 The metabolism of some amines -- 4.10 Nucleic acids, and some other nitrogenous substances -- 4.11 Barley proteins -- References -- 5 Grain Quality and Germination -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sampling tests with small numbers of grains -- 5.3 Grain evaluation -- 5.4 The penetration of water, and other substances, into grain -- 5.5 Testing for grain germinability -- 5.6 Vigour -- 5.7 Dormancy -- 5.8 The gas exchange of germinating grains -- 5.9 The chemical composition of the quiescent grain -- 5.10 Biochemical changes in germinating grain -- 5.11 Embryo culture in vitro -- 5.12 The mobilization of the endosperm reserves -- References -- 6 The Growth of the Barley Plant -- 6.1 The description of growth -- 6.2 Sequential changes in the growth of the plant -- 6.3 The composition of the growing plant -- 6.4 The composition of the growing grain -- 6.5 Root growth -- 6.6 Water supplies -- 6.7 Water stress -- 6.8 Mineral requirements -- 6.9 The uptake and release of substances by roots -- 6.10 Coleoptile growth and gravity perception -- 6.11 Leaf unrolling and greening -- 6.12 Leaf senescence -- 6.13 Growth regulation -- 6.14 Temperature and growth -- 6.15 Cold hardiness -- 6.16 Vernalization -- 6.17 Some effects of light -- 6.18 Some factors that control yield -- References -- 7 Agricultural Practices and Yield -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Soil preparation -- 7.3 The choice of seed; sowing -- 7.4 Nutrient supply and barley yield -- 7.5 Some chemical treatments -- 7.6 Damaging factors -- 7.7 Water supplies and yield -- 7.8 Barley as forage -- 7.9 Harvesting the grain -- 7.10 Actual and potential yields -- References -- 8 Production and Harvesting Machinery -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Irrigation and drainage -- 8.3 Tillage -- 8.4 Sowing -- 8.5 Post-sowing treatments -- 8.6 Harvesting and threshing barley -- 8.7 Straw -- 8.8 Harvesting the whole plant -- 8.9 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Weeds, Pests and Diseases in the Growing Crop -- 9.1 Weeds and the need to control them -- 9.2 Weed control -- 9.3 The economics of weed control -- 9.4 Nematode pests -- 9.5 Molluscs -- 9.6 Birds and mammals -- 9.7 Insect and some other pests -- 9.8 Virus diseases of barley -- 9.9 Bacterial diseases -- 9.10 Fungal diseases -- 9.11 Some general considerations -- References -- 10 The Reception and Storage of Whole Plants and Grain. The Micro-organisms and Pests of Stored Grain -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Barley hay -- 10.3 Straw -- 10.4 Barley silage -- 10.5 Grain reception -- 10.6 Handling grain -- 10.7 Weighers -- 10.8 Cleaning and grading grain -- 10.9 Drying principles -- 10.10 Grain drying in practice -- 10.11 Grain storage facilities -- 10.12 Seed longevity and grain deterioration -- 10.13 Micro-organisms in grain -- 10.14 Insects and mites -- 10.15 The mites of stored grain -- 10.16 Insecticides and fumigants -- 10.17 Rodents and their control -- References -- 11 Barley Genetics -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The inheritance of ‘distinct’ factors -- 11.3 Cytology and chromosome behaviour -- 11.4 Chromosomal abnormalities -- 11.5 Ploidy levels -- 11.6 Mutations and mutagenesis -- 11.7 The expression of some mutant and other genes -- 11.8 The genetics of complex characters -- References -- 12 Barley Improvement -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Plant introductions, and adapted forms -- 12.3 Plant selections -- 12.4 Mutation breeding -- 12.5 Hybridization -- 12.6 Crossing barley -- 12.7 The choice of parents -- 12.8 Selection sequences applied to hybrid progenies -- 12.9 Competition and ‘natural selection’ in barley -- 12.10 Breeding for quality -- 12.11 Some other objectives in breeding -- 12.12 Breeding for higher yields -- 12.13 The quantitative evaluation of parents -- 12.14 ‘Hybrid’ barley -- 12.15 Trial procedures -- 12.16 The multiplication of seed -- 12.17 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Some Actual and Potential Uses of Barley -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Barley grain; a source of starch and protein -- 13.3 Minor uses of straw -- 13.4 Straw in building -- 13.5 Animal bedding, litter, farmyard manure and compost -- 13.6 Soil protection, conditioning, or replacement -- 13.7 Some industrial uses of barley -- 13.8 Paper, cardboard and millboard -- References -- 14 Barley for Animal and Human Food -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The nutritional requirements of animals -- 14.3 Forage and hay -- 14.4 Silage -- 14.5 Barley straw -- 14.6 Barley grain -- 14.7 By-products for animal feed, derived from barley -- 14.8 Non-alcoholic beverages -- 14.9 Other potential feeding stuffs -- 14.10 The technology of preparing grain for food -- 14.11 Future uses of barley as food -- References -- 15 Malting -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The selection and acceptance of malting barley -- 15.3 Barley handling -- 15.4 Steeping -- 15.5 Germination equipment -- 15.6 Kilns and kilning -- 15.7 Malt analyses -- 15.8 Changes that occur in the malting grain -- References -- 16 Some Uses of Barley Malt -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Mashing -- 16.3 Some aspects of yeast metabolism -- 16.4 Malt extracts and barley syrups -- 16.5 Brewing beer -- 16.6 Malt vinegar -- 16.7 Distilled ‘potable spirits’ -- References.

Abstract: This book was written to provide an integrated account of barley, induding its cultivation, nature and uses. An attempt has been made to cut across the unjustified and obstructive divisions between pure science, applied science, technology, botany, biochemistry, agronomy, and so on. Limitations of space preclude the use of more illustrative material or references, or even complete accounts of various topics. However sufficient information is given to enable the reader to understand the general principles and to find his or her way readily into the literature to obtain further information. Emphasis has been placed on general principles rather than details. In becoming familiar with the literature one becomes acquainted with the effects of the cereal or religion, the English language and the development of agriculture and biochemistry. The comparison between 'parallel literatures' is often stimulating also. For example one is forced to conclude that many of the agricultural problems of poor 'seed vigour' would be overcome if seedsmen used the maltsters techniques for breaking dormancy and speeding 'post-harvest maturation'. Barley is the world's fourth most important cereal after wheat, rice, and maize. It is the most widely cultivated, being grown from the equator to 700N (Scandinavia), from the humid regions of Europe and Japan to the Saharan and Asiatic Oases, and from below sea level in Palestine to high up mountains in the Himalayas, E. Africa and S. America. Some­ where in the world it is being sown or harvested at every time of the year.

Abstract: 1 Introduction to the study of animal populations -- 1.1 POPULATION ESTIMATES -- 1.2 ERRORS AND CONFIDENCE -- 2 The sampling programme and the measurement and description of dispersion -- 2.1 PRELIMINARY SAMPLING -- 2.2 THE SAMPLING PROGRAMME -- 2.3 DISPERSION page -- 2.4 SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING -- 2.5 PRESENCE OR ABSENCE SAMPLING -- 2.6 SAMPLING A FAUNA -- 2.7 BIOLOGICAL AND OTHER QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF SAMPLING -- 3 Absolute population estimates using marking techniques -- 3.1 METHODS OF MARKING ANIMALS -- 3.2 CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS OF ESTIMATING POPULATION PARAMETERS -- 4 Absolute population estimates by sampling a unit of habitat —air, plants, plant products and vertebrate hosts -- 4.1 SAMPLING FROM THE AIR -- 4.2 SAMPLING FROM PLANTS -- 4.3 SAMPLING FROM VERTEBRATE HOSTS -- 5 Absolute population estimates by sampling a unit of habitat—soil and litter page -- 5.1 SAMPLING -- 5.2 MECHANICAL METHODS OF EXTRACTION -- 5.3 BEHAVIOURAL OR DYNAMIC METHODS -- 5.4 SUMMARY OF THE APPLICABILITY OF THE METHODS -- 6 Absolute population estimates by sampling a unit of habitat — freshwater habitats -- 6.1 OPEN WATER -- 6.2 VEGETATION -- 6.3 BOTTOM FAUNA page -- 7 Relative methods of population measurement and the derivation of absolute estimates -- 7.1 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SIZE OF RELATIVE ESTIMATES -- 7.2 THE USES OF RELATIVE METHODS -- 7.3 RELATIVE METHODS-CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT -- 7.4 RELATIVE METHODS—TRAPPING -- 8 Estimates based on products and effects of insects -- 8.1 PRODUCTS -- 8.2 EFFECTS -- 9 Observational and experimental methods for the estimation of natality, mortality and dispersal -- 9.1 NATALITY -- 9.2 MORTALITY -- 9.3 DISPERSAL -- 10 The construction, description and analysis of age-specific life-tables -- 10.1 TYPES OF LIFE-TABLE AND THE BUDGET -- 10.2 THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUDGET -- 10.3 THE DESCRIPTION OF BUDGETS AND LIFE-TABLES -- 10.4 THE ANALYSIS OF LIFE-TABLE DATA -- 11 Age-grouping of insects, time-specific life-tables and predictive population models -- 11.1 AGE-GROUPING OF INSECTS -- 11.2 TIME-SPECIFIC LIFE TABLE AND SURVIVAL RATES -- 11.3 PREDICTIVE POPULATION MODELS -- 12 Systems analysis and modelling in ecology -- 12.1 TYPES OF SYSTEMS MODEL -- 12.2 ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION IN MODELS -- 12.3 DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC MODELS -- 12.4 DIFFERENCE AND DIFFERENTIAL MODELS -- 13 Diversity, species packing and habitat description -- 13.1 DIVERSITY -- 13.2 SPECIES PACKING -- 13.3 HABITATS -- 14 The estimation of productivity and the construction of energy budgets -- 14.1 ESTIMATION OF STANDING CROP -- 14.2 ESTIMATION OF ENERGY FLOW -- 14.3 THE ENERGY BUDGET, EFFICIENCIES AND TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS page -- 14.4 ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY AND TIME COST STRATEGIES -- Author Index -- General Index.

Abstract: the virtual impossibility of extracting the many different species from a habitat with equal efficiency by a single method (e.g. Nef, 1960). 1.1 Population estimates Population estimates can be classified into a number of different types; the most convenient classification is that adopted by Morris (1955), although he used the terms somewhat differently in a later paper (1960). 1.1.1 Absolute and related estimates The animal numbers may be expressed as a density per unit area of the ground of the habitat. Such estimates are given by nearest neighbour and related techniques (Chapter 2), marking and recapture (Chapter 3), by sampling a known fraction of the habitat (Chapter 4-6) and by removal sampling and random walk techniques (Chapter 7). Absolute population The number of animals per unit area (e.g. hectare, acre). It is almost impossible to construct a budget or to study mortality factors without the conversion of population estimates to absolute figures, for not only do insects often move from the plant to the soil at different developmental stages, but the amount of plant material is itself always changing. The importance of obtaining absolute estimates cannot be overemphasized.

Abstract: On the Psychology of Complexions and Relations. 1891 -- Supplementary Notes by Ernst Mally -- An Essay Concerning the Theory of Psychic Analysis. 1894 -- Supplementary Notes by Stephen Witasek -- On Objects of Higher Order and their Relationship to Internal Perception. 1899 -- Additional Notes by Auguste Fischer -- Critical Notes on E. Husserl’s Ideas on a Pure Phenomenology, Volume I. After 1914.

Abstract: 16. The General Subject Matter of Husserl's Phenomenology 45 17. General Thesis and Epoche 46 18. Doubt 47 19. Hyle and Noema 48 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY TRANSLATION OF SELECI'ED TEXTS REFERRED TO IN THE FOOTNOTES 51 INTRODUCTION SECTION I PREFACE Meinong was one of the great philosophers who stand at the beginning of Analytic Philosophy and Phenomenology. He was a contemporary of Husserl, Frege, Mach, and Russell who were either originally or physicists, except Meinong. Meinong was a historian mathematicians and always a philosopher who became increasingly interested in experi­ mental psychology, under the influence of Franz Brentano. He, as each of his contemporaries, developed his own philosophy. It grew, in a profound fashion, into a very rich realism which was, curiously enoug- based on a staunch empirical attitude. Of all these philosophers, Meinong and Husserl were most closely associated: both of them were students of Brentano and dealt, each. with his own philosophical tools, with the same subject matter, presentations and their objects. Meinong concerned himself, in short critical notes, with Husserl's phenomenology, that is, the first volume of Ideas . . . which was trans­ 1 lated by W. R. Boyce Gibson. The last section of this Introduction will be devoted to Meinong's criticism of Husserl. It is done in the last section because some of Meinong's theory is presupposed for the understanding of his critique of Husserl.

Abstract: et Vues D’Ensemble sur L’Europe -- Genese, Caracteristiques et Contextes Moraux du Present Ouvrage -- L’Europe Anthropologique -- L’Europe Linguistique -- L’Europe Culturelle -- L’Europe Religieuse -- L’Europe Politique -- Les Types et La Repartition des Psychologies Collectives des Populations Europeennes -- Articles Descriptifs -- Presentation Generale.

Abstract: I Profit and Power -- II Representative Thought and National Policy -- III Economic Relations and the Sources of Tension in the First Half of the Century -- IV War in Embryo -- V The First Dutch War -- VI Prudent Idealism: an Interlude (1654-60) -- VII Foreign Trade and Domestic Politics at the Restoration -- VIII The Colonial Prelude and the Approach of the Second Dutch War -- IX A War of Tradesmen -- X Conclusion -- A List of the Principal Sources Consulted.

Abstract: Historical explanations need to keep step with the march of research if they are not to degenerate into empty cliches. It has long been a commonplace of 17th century history that the Anglo-Dutch Wars were the product of 'commercial rivalry'. This essay, first published twenty years ago, attempted to analyse and redefine this overworked traditional concept so as to explain more precisely how it led to naval wars between the Dutch and the English. Two idees fixes of contemporary English thought seemed especially significant; one was the persistent consciousness of English inferiority and backwardness in economic affairs when compared with the Dutch; the other, compounding this, was the equally persistent conviction that strategically, England seemed well placed to wreck the Dutch maritime economy and bring the Republic to her knees in a naval war. These obsessive beliefs combined naturally with the specific influences and motives of powerful political and commercial lobbies to stoke the fires of aggression. Failing over several decades to make any visible progress by more or less peaceful policies, they turned, first, to economic warfare by means of propaganda and pseudo-legal claims to maritime sovereignty; finally (in 1652) to all-out eco­ nomic and naval warfare.

Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Roots of Abrasa -- 3. Nationalism, Cultural Mobilization, and the Emergence of Political Parties (1942–1948) -- 4. The Struggle for Power in the New Regime (1949–1954) -- 5. Verbroedering: Rejection and Approval (1955–1967) -- 6. Flying with a Clipped Wing (1967–1973) -- 7. The Struggle for Independence (1973–1975) -- 8. Conclusion.

Abstract: In the months immediately preceding Surinam's independence, November 25, 1975, warning signals went up on both sides of the Atlantic. This small, ethnically plural society was torn by severe political conflict. Elections in November 1973 had brought an end to political collaboration between Creoles and Hindustanis, the country's two largest ethnic groups; and the Creoles, now in control of the government, were resolutely pushing (over Hindustani opposition) to sever their colonial ties with the Netherlands. But defections from the Creole benches during the summer of 1975 had produced a virtual stalemate in the legislature, heightening fears that the government would act unilaterally. The failure of Creole and Hindustani leaders to resolve their differences led many observers in both the Netherlands and Surinam to predict a collapse of democracy and/or violent conflict once independence was proclaimed. Ironically, the dramatic, last-minute resolution of the struggle precipitated not only general jubilation and relief, but also self-congratulation, as the leaders of Surinam's multiethnic society, long priding themselves on achieve­ ments in harmonious understanding, pulled out all stops in their indepen­ dence day oratory. No-one could forget the nightmare of the preceding few years. But neither could anyone familiar with Surinam's historical develop­ ment flatly reject the rhetoric as being without some foundation. In fact, Surinam, while severely tested by the most complex multi-ethnic population in the Caribbean, does have a record of which she can be proud and which deserves to be more widely known.

Abstract: I. The Early Stages Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries -- II. Instructors and Entertainers Fourteenth Century -- III. Rulers and Rhetoricians Fifteenth Century -- IV. Reformers and Humanists Sixteenth Century -- V. The Golden Age Seventeenth Century -- VI. Classicists and Romanticists Eighteenth Century -- VII. Moralists and Anti-Moralists Nineteenth Century -- VIII. The Modern Period Twentieth Century -- Select Bibliography.

Abstract: In any definition of terms, Dutch literature must be taken to mean all literature written in Dutch, thus excluding literature in Frisian, even though Friesland is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in the same way as literature in Welsh would be excluded from a history of English literature. Simi­ larly, literature in Afrikaans (South African Dutch) falls outside the scope of this book, as Afrikaans from the moment of its birth out of seventeenth-century Dutch grew up independently and must be regarded as a language in its own right. . Dutc:h literature, then, is the literature written in Dutch as spoken in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the so-called Flemish part of the Kingdom of Belgium, that is the area north of the linguistic frontier which runs east-west through Belgium passing slightly south of Brussels. For the modern period this definition is clear anough, but for former times it needs some explanation. What do we mean, for example, when we use the term 'Dutch' for the medieval period? In the Middle Ages there was no standard Dutch language, and when the term 'Dutch' is used in a medieval context it is a kind of collective word indicating a number of different but closely related Frankish dialects. The most important of those were the dialects of the duchies of Limburg and Brabant, and of the counties of Flanders and Holland.

Abstract: I. Irony -- A. Irony and the Concept in The Concept of Irony -- B. Irony as a Measurement and Tool in the Analysis of the Aesthetic Life-View -- II. Anxiety -- A. Anxiety in The Concept of Anxiety -- B. The Concept of Anxiety in Kierkegaard’s Other Writings -- C. The Idea of Anxiety. The Experience and Structure of Anxiety -- D. Attitudes toward Anxiety -- E. Anxiety and the Aesthetic Life-View -- III. Melancholy -- A. The Term “Melancholy” -- B. Melancholy in Either/Or -- C. Melancholy in Repetition and Stages -- D. Towards a Concept of Melancholy -- IV. Despair -- A. Preliminary Considerations -- B. Despair in Either/Or -- C. Despair in The Sickness Unto Death -- D. The Idea of Despair -- E. Despair and the Aesthetic Life-View -- V. The Moods and Subjectivity of the Young Aesthete Johannes -- A. Johannes’ Irony -- B. His Anxiety -- C. His Melancholy -- D. His Despair -- E. Dialetic of Moods in Johannes -- VI. The Dialectic of Moods -- A. Defining “Mood” -- B. The Crisis-Sequence -- C. Interrelationships -- D. Function of Moods in Emerging Religious Subjectivity -- E. Moods and Life-Views -- VII. From Victim to Master of Moods: Towards the Christian Life-View -- A. Preliminary Considerations -- B. Life-View in From the Papers of One Still Living -- C. Life-View in The Book on Adler -- D. Life-View in Either/Or, Stages and the Postscript -- E. Life-View in the Papirer -- F. The Meaning of Life-View -- G. The Aesthetic Life-View Exposed -- Conclusion -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: Kierkegaard himself hardly requires introduction, but his thought con­ tinues to require explication due to its inherent complexity and its unusual method of presentation. Kierkegaard is deliberately un-systematic, anti-systematic, in the very age of the System. He made his point then, and it is not lost upon us today. But that must not deter us from assembling the fragments and viewing the whole. Kierkegaard's religious psychology in particular may finally have its impact and generate the discussion it deserves when its outlines and inter-locking elements are viewed together. Many approaches to his thought are possible, as a survey of the literature about him will readily reveal. ! The present study proceeds with the simple ambition of looking at Kierkegaard on his own terms, of thus putting aside biographical fascination or one's own personal religi­ ous situation. I understand the temptation of both, and have seen the dangers realized in Kierkegaard scholarship. In English-language Kier­ kegaard scholarship, we are now in a new phase, in which the entire corpus of Kierkegaard's authorship is at last viewed as a whole. We have passed the stages of "fad" and of under-formed. Almost all the corpus is available in English, or soon will be. Perhaps now Kierkegaard can be viewed, understood, and criticized dispassionately and objectively, not withstanding author Kierkegaard's personal horror of those adverbs. The present study hopes to make its contribution toward this goal.