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  • 1995-1999
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1973  (9)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (9)
  • Berlin : de Gruyter
  • Law  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
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    “Moral Order” and the Criminal Law : Reform Efforts in the United States and West Germany (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (290p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law
    Abstract: I: Crime, the Criminal law, and the Ethics of Criminalization -- A. The Extent of the Problem of Crime and Making the Criminal Law -- B. Individual Freedom and Social Order -- C. “The Right-Minded” and “The Reasonable Man” -- D. “The Community” and “The People” -- E. Legal Obligation and Moral Obligation -- Criminal Law and Reform in the United States -- II: Historical and Theoretical Problems -- III: Current issues and Selected Substantive Reforms -- Criminal Law and Reform in West Germany -- IV: Historical and Theoretical Problems: issues in the “General Part” of the Code -- V: Current issues and the Reform of the “Special Part” of the Code -- VI: Conclusions on the Role of Function and Ideal in Making the Law -- A Brief Bibliography of Sources on the German Criminal Law in English -- A Note on the U.S. Supreme Court’s Decisions on Abortion -- Index of Persons.
    Abstract: XIV Seen as a whole, however, I regard the work before us to be especially noteworthy precisely because of its illumination of both the social contexts surrounding the law and the ideas which underlie the efforts towards criminal law reform. An analysis of this kind has not appeared until now, to my knowledge, even in the German literature on the subject, so that this book is of great value to ·the German reader as well as the American. B. Particulars In Chapter IV: A the authors give a general introduction into the development of the German criminal law reform. In that connection they recognize the special role of the Christian Democratic (CDU), Socialist (SPD) coalition in the political situation [leading to passage of the reform law]. The authors emphasize the importance of the introduction of a uniform prison sentence [that is to say ·the termination of the distinction between kinds of prison sentences] and the elimination of short term prison sentences, as the main points of the reform in the "general part" of the code. They remark (pages 170; 192) that a uniform concept of the goal of punishment is still lacking, although, when all is said, there is a general agreement on the principle of resocialization.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Crime, the Criminal law, and the Ethics of CriminalizationA. The Extent of the Problem of Crime and Making the Criminal Law -- B. Individual Freedom and Social Order -- C. “The Right-Minded” and “The Reasonable Man” -- D. “The Community” and “The People” -- E. Legal Obligation and Moral Obligation -- Criminal Law and Reform in the United States -- II: Historical and Theoretical Problems -- III: Current issues and Selected Substantive Reforms -- Criminal Law and Reform in West Germany -- IV: Historical and Theoretical Problems: issues in the “General Part” of the Code -- V: Current issues and the Reform of the “Special Part” of the Code -- VI: Conclusions on the Role of Function and Ideal in Making the Law -- A Brief Bibliography of Sources on the German Criminal Law in English -- A Note on the U.S. Supreme Court’s Decisions on Abortion -- Index of Persons.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2438-9
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  • 2
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    Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights / Annuaire de la Convention Europeenne des Droits de L’Homme : The European Commission and European Court of Human Rights / Commission et Cour Europeennes des Droits de L’Homme (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401512152
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: One Basic Texts and General Information -- I. Basic Texts -- II. The European Commission of Human Rights -- III. The European Court of Human Rights -- IV. Principal Developments in the Council of Europe Concerning the Protection of Human Rights -- Two Decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers -- I. Inter-State Applications -- II. Individual Applications -- III. Cases Brought Before the Court -- IV. Cases Before the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe -- Three The Convention within the Member States of the Council of Europe -- I. The Convention in the Parliaments of the Member States -- II. The Convention in the Domestic Courts of the Contracting Parties -- Premiere Partie Textes Fondamentaux et Informations de Caractere General -- Chapitre I. Textes Fondamentau -- Chapitre II. La Commission Europeenne des Droits de l’homme -- Chapitre III. La Cour Europeenne des Droits de L’homme -- Chapitre IV. Principaux Evenements Ayant Marque Le Development de la Protection des Droits de L’homme Dans le Cadre du Conseil de L’europe -- Deuxieme Partie Decisions de la Commission et de la Cour Europeennes des Droits de L’homme et du Comite des Ministres -- Chapitre I. Requetes Interetatiques -- Chapitre II. Requetes Individuelles -- Chapitre III. Affaires Portees Devant La Cour -- Chapitre IV. Affaires Devant le Comite des Ministres du Conseil de L’Europe -- Troisieme Partie La Convention Dans L’ordre Interne des Etats Membres du Conseil de L’europe -- Chapitre I. La Convention Devant les Parlements des Etats Membres -- Chapitre II. La Convention Devant les Juridictions Internes des Etats Contractants -- Appendix / Annexe -- Documentation and Bibliography / Documentation et Bibliographie -- A. Council of Europe Documents / A. Documents du Conseil de L’Europe -- B. Publications of the European Court of Human Rights -- B. Publications de la Cour Europeenne des Droits De L’Homme -- C. Selective Bibliography of Publications Concerning the European Convention on Human Rights -- C. Liste des Principales Publications Concernant la Convention Europeenne des Droits de L’Homme -- Alphabetical Index -- Index Alphabetique.
    Abstract: PREMIERE PARTIE TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX ET INFORMATIONS DE CARACTERE GENERAL CHAPITRE 1. TEXTES FONDAMENTAUX A. AMENDEMENTS A LA CONVENTION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 3 B. AMENDEMENTS AU REGLEMENT DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 7 C. AMENDEMENT AU REGLEMENT INTERIEUR DE LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME 15 D. DECLARATION D'ACCEPTATION DE LA COMPETENCE DE LA COM­ MISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN MATIERE DE REQUETES INDIVIDUELLES (Article 25 de la Convention) 17 Belgique 17 Republique Federale d'Allemagne 19 Luxembourg 19 E. DECLARATION D'ACCEPTATION DE LA JURIDICTION OBLIGATO IRE DE LA COUR EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (Article 46 de la Convention) 21 Belgique 21 Republique Federale d'Allemagne 21 Luxembourg 23 Suede 25 F. DEROGATIONS (Article 15 de la Convention) 25 Turquie 25 Royaume-Uni 33 ANNEXES Etat des Ratifications, Declarations et Reserves au 31 dec- bre 1971 38 Etat des Depots des Ratifications au 31 decembre 1971 41 CHAPITRE II. LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME A. COMPOSITION 43 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES C. WORK OF THE COMMISSION D. SECRETARIAT CHAPTER III. THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. COMPOSITION 50 B. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 52 C. SESSIONS AND HEARINGS 58 D. REGISTRY OF THE COURT 60 CHAPTER IV. PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS A. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF EVENTS 62 B. WORK OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN RIGHTS 66 I. Consultative Assembly 68 2.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1215-2
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  • 3
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    Annuaire Européen / European Yearbook : Vol. XIX (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401512183
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: Table des Matières / Table of Contents -- Articles / Articles -- The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights / The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights -- Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of The Community / Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of the Community -- Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe / Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe -- UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement / UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement -- Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 / Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 -- The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment / The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment -- European Integration and National Decentralisation / European Integration and National Decentralisation -- La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement / La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement -- Section Documentaire / Documentary Section / Membres des Organisations Européennes 1971 / Members of European Organisations 1971 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale Pour La Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Union Économique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques / Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- Chapitre V. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’État Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière / Customs Co-Operation Council -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes / European Communities -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique / Nordic Council -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre XI. European Organization for Nuclear Research / European Organization for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XII. Commission Européenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications / Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIV. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales / The European Space Research Organisation -- Chapitre XVI. Organisation Européenne Pour La Mise Au Point et La Construction de Lanceurs D’Engins Spatiaux / European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne / Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1971 / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1971 -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / General Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des Matières / Table of ContentsArticles / Articles -- The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights / The Enlargement of the European Communities and the Protection of Human Rights -- Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of The Community / Patents in Europe on the Enlargement of the Community -- Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe / Environment Protection Work in the Council of Europe -- UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement / UN Programme Communautaire en Matière D’Environnement -- Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 / Summary of Major NATO/CCMS Activities in 1971 -- The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment / The Work of OECD in the Protection of the Environment -- European Integration and National Decentralisation / European Integration and National Decentralisation -- La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement / La Poursuite Par La Communauté Élargie de La Politique D’Association Avec des Pays en Voie de Développement -- Section Documentaire / Documentary Section / Membres des Organisations Européennes 1971 / Members of European Organisations 1971 -- Chapitre I. Commission Centrale Pour La Navigation du Rhin / Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine -- II. Union Économique Benelux / Benelux Economic Union -- Chapitre III. Union de L’Europe Occidentale / Western European Union -- Chapitre IV. Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques / Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development -- Chapitre V. Conseil de L’Europe / Council of Europe -- Chapitre VI. Commission Internationale de L’État Civil / International Commission on Civil Status -- Chapitre VII. Conseil de Coopération Douanière / Customs Co-Operation Council -- Chapitre VIII. Communautés Européennes / European Communities -- Chapitre IX. Conseil Nordique / Nordic Council -- Chapitre X. Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports / European Conference of Ministers of Transport -- Chapitre XI. European Organization for Nuclear Research / European Organization for Nuclear Research -- Chapitre XII. Commission Européenne de L’Aviation Civile / European Civil Aviation Conference -- Chapitre XIII. Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications / Conférence Européenne des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications -- Chapitre XIV. Association Européenne de Libre-Échange / European Free Trade Association -- Chapitre XV. Organisation Européenne de Recherches Spatiales / The European Space Research Organisation -- Chapitre XVI. Organisation Européenne Pour La Mise Au Point et La Construction de Lanceurs D’Engins Spatiaux / European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organisation -- Section Bibliographique / Bibliographical Section -- I. Livres Sur La Coopération Européenne / Books on European Co-Operation -- II. Bibliographie Sélective des Articles de Périodiques et des Brochures 1971 / Selective Bibliography of Periodical and Pamphlet Material 1971 -- Table des Noms / List of Names -- Index alphabétique / General Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1218-3
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  • 4
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    The Concept of Discrimination in International Law : With Special Reference to Human Rights (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 176 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; International law.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- One -- II. Equality and Inequality -- III. The Field of Application -- IV. Discrimination -- Two -- V. Non-discrimination Clauses in Human Rights Conventions -- VI. Protection of Minorities and Non-Discrimination -- VII. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book was written as a dissertation for the Doctorate of Laws, University of Amsterdam. I am most grateful, first of all, to Professor A. J. P. Tammes, who acted as Promotor. Throughout my working at this study he managed to afford at the same time guidance, inspiration, and complete freedom. I have also benefited much from the suggestions and advice of Dr. Th. e. van Boven of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Member of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, who was a very helpful Co­ referent. In earlier stages of the work, the critical remarks by Mr. S. A. Kuipers, Dr. H. Meijers and Miss J. M. van Wouw were of great im­ portance to me. So was the experience of participating in the program of graduate studies of the Columbia University School of Law, in I968- I969. lowe gratitude to the Amsterdam Law Faculty for having offered this opportunity to me. I am indebted to Miss Sinja Alma for her transforming a chaotic manuscript into a neat typescript in a most capable and patient manner; to Miss E. D. ]. ]ongens for her assistance in sorting out the United Nations documentation; and to Howard S. Gold (Gersono­ vitch), who was so kind as to correct the faults in my English. Since I went on tinkering with the text I am to blame for all linguistic errors in it. The research for this study was concluded in October, I972.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionOne -- II. Equality and Inequality -- III. The Field of Application -- IV. Discrimination -- Two -- V. Non-discrimination Clauses in Human Rights Conventions -- VI. Protection of Minorities and Non-Discrimination -- VII. Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2430-3
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  • 5
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    The Present State of International Law and Other Essays : written in honour of the Centenary Celebration of the International Law Association 1873-1973 (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401744973
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 392 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: I The International Law Association -- The International Law Association: a World-Wide Organization for Development and Promotion of International Law -- The Daily Life and Administration of the International Law Association -- L’influence de l’International Law Association sur la doctrine et la pratique du droit international -- II The Present State of International Law -- The Development of the Charter of the United Nations: the Present State -- Implications et aspects juridiques de la coexistence pacifique -- The International Law of Human Rights in the Middle Twentieth Century -- The Law of War -- Historique et état actuel du droit international medical -- The Present State of International Water Resources Law -- Some Reflections on the Present and Future Law of the Sea -- Air Law -- The Present State of Space Law -- Prospects for Regulation of Environmental Conservation under International Law -- The Present State of the Law Regarding the Extra-Territorial Application of Restrictive Trade Legislation -- Quelques aspects du droit monétaire contemporain -- Etat actuel du droit des investissements étrangers dans les pays en voie de développement -- The Present State of the Law Regarding International Commercial Arbitration -- The Present State of the Law on State Succession -- The Present State of Transnational Law -- The Montevideo Treaties of 1889 and 1940 and their Influence on the Unification of Private International Law in South America -- The Present State of Choice of Law in the United States -- L’état présent de la Conférence de La Haye de Droit International Privé.
    Abstract: In October I873, as every Conference Report recalls, the Associ­ ation for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations was founded in Brussels (Belgium). At the Brussels Conference of I895 the Association's name was changed and ever since it has been "The International Law Association". On August 30 and 3I and September I, I973, a Centenary Cele­ bration will be held in the Association's place of birth. In the course of preparations made for this triduum, plans were also laid by the Executive Council for a Centenary Volume to mark the event. The formula adopted for the book was mostly based on contributions by Chairmen and/or Rapporteurs of International Committees of the Association who were asked to shed light on "the present state" of their subject. Hence the title of the Volume. For good measure, vari­ ous other topics not coming under the terms of reference of Inter­ national Committees were added. Almost all of the authors invited responded favourably, and their studies are to be found in Part II, arranged in sections which have no other justification than the Editor's whim. It should be pointed out that Chairmen and/or Rapporteurs of International Committees wrote their articles a titre personnel and, therefore, cannot be deemed to express opinions held by their Com­ mittees as such. Part I contains the "other essays", dealing with the Association itself rather than with the present state of international law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-4497-3
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  • 6
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    Jurisdiction Over Crimes on Board Aircraft (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401507370
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (369p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Law of the sea. ; International law. ; Aeronautics—Law and legislation. ; Criminal law.
    Abstract: I Chapter I The Historical Development of the Notion of a Convention Applicable to Crimes in Aircraft -- I The Historical Development of the Notion of a Convention Applicable to Crimes in Aircraft -- II The Tokyo Convention -- II The Objectives of the Tokyo Convention -- III Jurisdiction Over Crimes on Board Aircraft Under International Law -- IV Some Jurisdictional Problems Arising from the Principle of Aircraft Nationality Under the Tokyo Convention -- V The Material Scope of the Tokyo Convention -- VI Rights and Duties of the Aircraft Commander, Crew Members and Passengers Under the Tokyo Convention -- VII Immunities Conferred by the Tokyo Convention -- VIII The Final Clauses of the Tokyo Convention -- IX Conclusions -- Appendix I: The Tokyo Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft -- Parties -- Appendix II: List of Cases of hijacking.
    Abstract: by D.H.N. Johnson* Over the last decade few matters having some connexion with international law have aroused public interest to the same extent as "hijacking", "aerial piracy", "unlawful seizure of aircraft", "unlawful interference with aircraft"--call it what you will. Unfortunately, few matters have also contributed to the same extent to create in the public mind a sense of disillusion with international law arising from its apparent inability to suppress an unprecedented menace to freedom of communication. In 1944 the governments that concluded the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation referred in their preamble of that instrument to their "having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner". What is now at issue is the extent to which this important obligation has been carried out. Few people are more qualified to examine this question than the author of this work. A lecturer in international law at the University of Baghdad, with a background of postgraduate studies in London and in Cambridge, also having some experience as an international civil servant, Dr. Sami Shubber is well aware of the political, practical and legal obstacles that have prevented the international community from living up to the pledges given in 1944. Even the plethora of terms, cited above, used to describe the menace is itself an indication of the strength of these obstacles.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Chapter I The Historical Development of the Notion of a Convention Applicable to Crimes in AircraftI The Historical Development of the Notion of a Convention Applicable to Crimes in Aircraft -- II The Tokyo Convention -- II The Objectives of the Tokyo Convention -- III Jurisdiction Over Crimes on Board Aircraft Under International Law -- IV Some Jurisdictional Problems Arising from the Principle of Aircraft Nationality Under the Tokyo Convention -- V The Material Scope of the Tokyo Convention -- VI Rights and Duties of the Aircraft Commander, Crew Members and Passengers Under the Tokyo Convention -- VII Immunities Conferred by the Tokyo Convention -- VIII The Final Clauses of the Tokyo Convention -- IX Conclusions -- Appendix I: The Tokyo Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft -- Parties -- Appendix II: List of Cases of hijacking.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0737-0
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  • 7
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    The Element of Negotiation in the Pacific Settlement of Disputes Between States : An Analysis of Provisions Made And/Or Applied Since 1918 in the Field of the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401747684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 229 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law ; Social policy ; Political science.
    Abstract: I The Significance of the Element of Negotiation in the Pacific Settlement of Disputes Between States -- II Pacific Settlement of Disputes Between States — Creation of Law -- III Pacific Settlement of Disputes Between States — Implementation of Law -- Summary -- Annex I -- Annex II -- Annex III.
    Abstract: The system of the pacific settlement of disputes contained in the United Nations Charter - confirmed in 1970 in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States - is based on agreement between the parties on both the method to be applied and the acceptance of its results. From the juridical point of view states are free in this system to establish in advance their choice of the appli­ cation of one or more methods to a dispute and their willingness to accept the result in respect of all or certain groups of disputes or only to determine their choice when a dispute arises. The functioning of the International Court must be regarded in this light. The practice of pacific settlement shows that there is not too great a distance between the standpoints of the Soviet countries, who emphasise direct negotiation as the starting point in settling disputes, and that of the Western countries, who lay particular stress on judicial settlement as such, because the Western countries usually make the application of arbitration and judicial settlement to a specific dispute dependent on the cooperation of all parties, in obtaining which negotiations are essential.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-4768-4
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  • 8
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    Community Law in the French Courts : The Law of Treaties in Modern Attire (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401505031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 145 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: I. The Community Obligation -- II. Treaties in the Conseil d’État -- The Organizational Context -- Act of Government -- Application of Treaties as Law -- Interpretation and theActe Clair -- Supremacy -- III. Treaties in the Courts -- Procedures to Control a Suspect Institution -- The Classical Period: 1789 to 1914 -- Interpretation -- Self Execution and Supremacy -- The Lease Legislation Confrontation: 1914 to 1950 -- Condition of Foreigners in France -- Rent Control Legislation -- Carte de Commercant: 1950 to 1960 -- The Reaction: 1960 to 1970 -- Interpretation -- Supremacy -- IV. The Community Experience -- The Lower Courts -- The Courts of Last Resort -- Social Security and the Civil Chambers -- The Criminal Chamber -- The Conseil d’État -- V. Conclusions.
    Abstract: The European Communities are only two decades old. The most important of the three Communities, the European Economic Community (EEC), is even younger, having come into existence in 1958. 1 Two decades have been hardly enough time to have more than reached, much less settled, the impor­ tant questions of the relationship between Community law and institutions and those of the Member States. Among the most challenging of the questions is the extent to which the courts of the Member States will fulfill the obligation of safeguarding the rights created by the Treaty of Rome in favor of private persons, both indivi­ dual and corporate, an obligation which the Court of Justice of the European Communities has said rests upon the national courts. This obligation flows naturally, though not necessarily, from the commitment of the Court of Justice to an effective Community. However, the result depends on that commitment, and there is a natural concern that the national courts may not share the commitment to an effective Community to a degree necessary to fulfill their obligations under Community law as those obligations have been defined by the Court of Justice. In order to fu1fi11 their obligations to Community law the courts of the Member States will have to solve some serious problems, and do it with comparatively little help from the Court of Justice.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0503-1
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  • 9
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    The Diplomatic Kidnappings : A Revolutionary Tactic of Urban Terrorism (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401509374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: I: Urban Terrorism in Revolutionary Strategy -- II: The Diplomat as Victim: Diplomatic Inviolability -- III: Problems of Protection and Security -- IV: Asylum, Extradition, and the Political Offense -- V: Kidnapping Attempts and Ransom Trades -- VI: Latin American Kidnappings: Assassinations and Terrorism -- VII: North American Counterparts: The Canadian Cases -- VIII: Conclusions and Some Policy Recommendations -- Summary -- Appendices -- Appendix I: Diplomatic Kidnappings (1968–1971) -- Appendix II: Convention to Prevent and Punish the Acts of Terrorism taking the Form of Crimes against Persons and related Extortion that are of International Significance -- Appendix III: The Case of Israeli Consul General Ephraim Elrom -- Appendix IV: Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Diplomatic Agents and other Internationally Protected Persons.
    Abstract: The recent series of diplomatic kidnappings has produced some serious thinking not only in Washington but in most of the foreign offices and embassies throughout the diplomatic world. The kidnappings-and how to deal with them-have been the subject of Congressional committee hearings, State Department deliberations, and international debate and action by the Organization of American States. It is the purpose of this study to analyze them within the context of urban guerilla terrorism, international legal norms, and world diplomatic practice. Selected examples of diplomatic kidnappings, particularly those in Latin America and Canada, strikingly illustrate the new revolutionary strategy of utilizing terrorism as a political tactic to achieve long-range political· goals. As with its kindred phenomenon-the airplane hijack­ ings-the kidnappings of foreign diplomats seize upon and exploit innocent victims as hostage pawns; a bargaining situation is thus created in which the revolutionary minority can achieve a diplomatic leverage which is far greater than in proportion to its numbers, military strength, or popular appeal. Through terrorism the urban guerillas hope to achieve tactical advances within the general strategy of political revolu­ tion; even temporary governmental repression if it occurs in reprisal becomes part of that strategy. Chapter I in particular and the entire manuscript in general examine the kidnappings within the parameters of revolutionary terrorism. The kidnappings have also had serious legal and political ramifications in the realm of world diplomacy.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Urban Terrorism in Revolutionary StrategyII: The Diplomat as Victim: Diplomatic Inviolability -- III: Problems of Protection and Security -- IV: Asylum, Extradition, and the Political Offense -- V: Kidnapping Attempts and Ransom Trades -- VI: Latin American Kidnappings: Assassinations and Terrorism -- VII: North American Counterparts: The Canadian Cases -- VIII: Conclusions and Some Policy Recommendations -- Summary -- Appendices -- Appendix I: Diplomatic Kidnappings (1968-1971) -- Appendix II: Convention to Prevent and Punish the Acts of Terrorism taking the Form of Crimes against Persons and related Extortion that are of International Significance -- Appendix III: The Case of Israeli Consul General Ephraim Elrom -- Appendix IV: Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Diplomatic Agents and other Internationally Protected Persons.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0937-4
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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