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  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique  (7)
  • Blundell-Wignall, Adrian  (5)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GREEN - The Reference Manual (1994)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 109 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.143
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This document provides a full description of the GREEN model. It is intended to accompany the GREEN code, i.e. the implementation of the model, and to enable the user to understand the links between the theoretical framework of the model and its practical implementation. The document lists all the model equations, provides a data dictionary to link the equation variables with the variables in the code, explains details which are traditionally bypassed in technical papers, and provides an explanation of the data base and the data management part of the code. The document is organised as follows. Following a non-technical overview of the model in Part I, Part II presents the structure of the model with a complete description of the equations, the variables, and parameters which are part of the GREEN model. Part III explains the data management in GREEN ...
    DOI: 10.1787/054442860076
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Input-Based Pollution Estimates for Environmental Assessment in Developing Countries (1994)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.101
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The practice of environmental regulation and assessment in developing countries faces many special challenges. Apart from popular misconceptions about negative links between environmentalism and economic growth, there are numerous practical limitations to appraising environmental conditions and implementing policies that conserve or improve them. These include weak institutional capacity or discipline, high monitoring and administrative costs for individual programs, and limited local engineering information. Institutional constraints mean that first-best policies like direct pollution monitoring and regulation may not be feasible. Even market-based systems like tradable pollution permits usually require initial assessment and monitoring which is too costly or complex to be supported locally. Detailed data on pollution do exist for OECD countries, however, and this paper attempts to render this information more usable to environmental analysts in countries where direct sampling has not ...
    DOI: 10.1787/340360612368
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and Pollution Linkages : Piecemeal Reform and Optimal Intervention (1994)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.99
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Linkages between international trade and the domestic environment are receiving intensified scrutiny by researchers and policy makers alike. This is especially the case in developing countries, where trade can be a significant agent of change and growth. While trade policies are increasingly oriented toward lower levels of intervention, interventionist policies are increasingly being implemented to correct for negative environmental externalities. In such a situation, the interactions between the two can be complex and challenging for policy makers. This paper explores second-best policy issues affecting trade and environmental linkages. We derive optimum policy interventions and sufficient conditions for welfareimproving piecemeal trade and environmental policy reforms in a small economy. Pollution originates in both domestic consumption and production and is a domestic public bad. Production pollution can be abated by decreasing output and/or decreasing effluent rates per unit of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/454671040074
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The OECD Green Model : An Updated Overview (1994)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.97
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper presents a brief introduction to the OECD GREEN Model. The GREEN model has been developed by the OECD Secretariat in order to assess the economic impact of abating CO2 emissions using several different economic instruments. The paper is divided into two parts. The first provides a brief introduction to the structure of the GREEN model. The second describes several different simulations using the GREEN model, including what is generally referred to as the Business-as-Usual scenario and several alternative carbon-abatement scenarios. For specific details on the model and its implementation, readers are referred to the GREEN Reference Manual, and the GREEN User Manual ...
    DOI: 10.1787/272425468524
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Libéralisation des échanges : Quel enjeu ? (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Trade Liberalisation: What's at Stake?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Les barrières commerciales faussent la structure des échanges internationaux ; elles altèrent l'affectation des ressources productives et freinent la croissance économique. Leur coût économique total est estimé à plus de 475 milliards de dollars par an. . Une réforme partielle, comme celle envisagée lors de l'Uruguay Round, rapporterait 195 milliards de dollars par an, dont plus de 90 milliards profiteraient aux pays en développement et aux anciennes économies centralement planifiées. . La CEE, le Japon et l'AELE seront sans doute les grands bénéficiaires de cette libéralisation. . Mais celle-ci aboutira également à une augmentation des revenus ruraux dans les pays en développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/263233630320
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade Liberalisation : What's at Stake? (1992)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Libéralisation des échanges : Quel enjeu ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • Trade barriers seriously distort patterns of international trade, allocation of resources, and economic growth. The total economic costs of the barriers are estimated to exceed $475 billion per annum • Partial reform, such as envisaged in the Uruguay Round, would yield benefits of $195 billion per annum, of which over $90 billion would accrue to developing and formerly centrally planned countries • The EC, Japan, and EFTA, stand to gain most from liberalisation • Trade liberalisation will raise rural incomes in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1787/288158367171
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increasing Financial Market Integration, Real Exchange Rates and Macroeconomic Adjustment (1991)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.96
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper is one of four in this Working Paper Series, focusing on financial liberalisation, along with those of Kupiec, Miller and Weller, and Driscoll. It examines the extent to which international financial markets have become more integrated over the past decade. The finding that financial markets are almost fully integrated, in contrast to goods markets which are not, has important implications for real interest rate differentials, real exchange rate behaviour and external adjustment. In particular, the reduced importance of external imbalance and the increased role of real interest rates in real exchange rate determination can be associated with more prolonged misalignments ...
    DOI: 10.1787/336243304330
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Trade Policies in a Global Context : Technical Specifications of the Rural/Urban-North/South (RUNS) Applied General Equilibrium Model (1991)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 85 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The Rural/Urban-North/South Model (RUNS) is a global applied general equilibrium model, with a focus on agriculture. RUNS was initially developed in the early 1980's and has been used throughout the 1980's to provide analyses of world agricultural trends and agricultural policies. Amongst other things, RUNS was used to provide background analyses for several World Bank World Development Reports. RUNS is now integrated into the Development Centre's 1990-1992 programme on Developing Country Agriculture and International Economic Trends, under the direction of Ian Goldin. This paper provides an updated full technical specification of the RUNS model. It replaces and revises Technical Paper 33 which documented the model structure as of December 1990. Parts I and II of the paper provide an introduction and a general description of the model and is intended for a broad audience. Part III provides a detailed description of each block of the RUNS model, including a full set of model ...
    DOI: 10.1787/102708577135
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Macroeconomic Consequences of Financial Liberalisation : A Summary Report (1991)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.98
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper brings together a number of interrelated issues concerning the implications of financial liberalisation for macroeconomic outcomes. Deregulation has tended to reduce the importance of liquidity constraints within and between countries, while at the same time giving markets a much greater role in utilising available information to achieve efficient outcomes. This has had implications for private spending behaviour and the transmission channels of monetary policy; for the volatility of financial prices; for the price and credit risks which arise; and for the integration of international financial markets and the process of external adjustment ...
    DOI: 10.1787/088742707378
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  • 10
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    Financial Liberalisation and Consumption Behaviour (1991)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.81
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper addresses the question of whether financial liberalisation and innovation has significantly altered consumption behaviour by reducing liquidity constraints as capital markets become more flexible. A consumption model in which the permanent income hypothesis and extreme Keynesian consumption functions are nested as special cases is the starting point for this analysis. Estimated values for the sensitivity of consumption to current income for different time periods and for several OECD countries are assessed and compared in the light of various econometric properties, country specific liberalisation measures and a variety of proxies reflecting changing liquidity constraints ...
    DOI: 10.1787/203380285176
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  • 11
    Online Resource
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    Exchange Rate Policy in Advanced Commodity-Exporting Countries : The Case of Australia and New Zealand (1990)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.83
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia ; New Zealand
    Abstract: The paper examines the desirability of exchange rate management in a commodity-exporting country, in which the terms of trade are driven by the world commodity price cycle. When the authorities are assumed to pursue an inflation objective, the usefulness of managing the rate depends on the relative importance of monetary versus terms of trade shocks. Empirical evidence suggests that floating rate regimes will normally be preferred for countries like Australia and New Zealand, although circumstances can be envisaged in which either leaning-against-the-wind or leaning-with-the-wind policies are required. A review of experience since the Korean War boom suggests that attempts to fix the exchange rate in the face of the commodity cycle are likely to be associated with inflation problems, while labour market asymmetries can lead to resource misallocation and to pressures for the protection of the non-commodity traded goods sector ...
    DOI: 10.1787/566103428800
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monetary Policy in the Wake of Financial Liberalisation (1990)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.77
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper examines evidence concerning the impact of financial liberalisation and innovation on monetary policy. The indicator value of monetary aggregates and the role of liquidity constraints in the transmission mechanism affecting aggregate demand are examined. Countries where financial liberalisation has led to problems with the role of monetary aggregates in general also display evidence of a reduced role for liquidity constraints in aggregate demand behaviour. The ability of the authorities to influence market-determined interest rates, a key aspect of monetary transmission in markets where liquidity constraints are not binding, is also examined ...
    DOI: 10.1787/451534710622
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