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  • Online Resource  (3)
  • 1980-1984  (3)
  • Ruse, Michael  (3)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400964389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Notes to Chapter 1 -- 2. The Biological Background -- 2.1. Sociobiology as Biology -- 2.2. Principles of Genetics -- 2.3. Population Genetics -- 2.4. Selection as Preserver of the Status Quo -- 2.5. The Level of Selection -- 2.6. The Theory of Evolution -- 2.7. Sociobiology as part of Evolutionary Theory -- Notes to Chapter 2 -- 3. The Sociobiology of Animals -- 3.1. Aggression: The Ethological Viewpoint -- 3.2. What is Animal Aggression Really Like? -- 3.3. Evolutionary Stable Strategies -- 3.4. Strengths and Limitations of the Game-theoretic Approach -- 3.5. Sex and Sexual Selection -- 3.6. Parental Investment -- 3.7. Female Reproductive Strategies -- 3.8. Parenthood -- 3.9. Altruism -- 3.10. Kin Selection -- 3.11. Parental Manipulation -- 3.12. Reciprocal Altruism -- Notes to Chapter 3 -- 4. Human Sociobiology -- 4.1. Aggression -- 4.2. Sex -- 4.3. Parenthood -- 4.4. Kin Selection -- 4.5. Parental Manipulation -- 4.6. Reciprocal Altruism -- 4.7. A General Model for Human Altruism -- Notes to Chapter 4 -- 5. Normative Criticisms -- 5.1. Sociobiology as Reactionary -- 5.2. Does Sociobiology Support Virulent Capitalism? -- 5.3. Why Sahlins’ Criticisms About Ideology Fail -- 5.4. Sociobiological Explanations of Homosexuality -- 5.5. Is Sociobiology Sexist? The Minor Charges -- 5.6. Is Sociobiology Sexist? The Major Charge -- Notes to Chapter 5 -- 6. Epistemological Criticisms -- 6.1. The Problem of Reification -- 6.2. Sociobiology as Mystical Nonsense -- 6.3. Natural Selection as Social Exploitation -- 6.4. Is Sociobiology Unfalsifiable? General Considerations -- 6.5. Is Sociobiology Unfalsifiable? Particular Considerations -- 6.6. Is Human Sociobiology False? The Rise and Fall of Islam -- 6.7. Is Human Sociobiology False? The Problem of Daughters -- 6.8. Conclusion -- Notes to Chapter 6 -- 7. The Positive Evidence -- 7.1. The Direct Evidence: Problems with Testing -- 7.2. Successes and Reservations -- 7.3. The Question of Intelligence -- 7.4. The Causes Behind Intelligence -- 7.5. The Weight of the Direct Evidence for Human Sociobiology -- 7.6. The Argument from Analogy -- 7.7. Human Aggression -- 7.8. The Indirect Evidence for Animal Sociobiology -- 7.9. The Indirect Evidence for Human Sociobiology -- 7.10. The Plausibility of Cultural Causes over Biological Causes -- 7.11. Does Culture Leave a Place for Human Sociobiology? -- 7.12. A Biological-Cultural Compromise -- 7.13. Conclusion -- Notes to Chapter 7 -- 8. Sociobiology and the Social Sciences -- 8.1. Theory Change: Replacement and Reduction -- 8.2. The Replacement of Anthropology -- 8.3. Primitive War as Analysed through a Biological-Anthropological Compromise -- 8.4. Biologically Sympathetic Anthropology -- 8.5. The Formal Relationship between a Corrected Anthropology and Biology -- 8.6. Psychology: The Problem of Learning -- 8.7. Psychoanalytic Theory and the Explanation of Homosexuality -- 8.8. Economics -- 8.9. Sociology -- 8.10. Conclusion -- Notes to Chapter 8 -- 9. Sociobiology and Ethics -- 9.1. Why are we Ethical? -- 9.2. Evolutionary Ethics -- 9.3. Wilson’s Attack on Intuitionism -- 9.4. Wilson’s Moral Relativism -- 9.5. Can Evolution be Directed? -- 9.6. Sociobiology and the Direction of Evolution -- 9.7 Conclusion -- Afterword -- Name Index.
    Abstract: In June 1975, the distinguished Harvard entomologist Edward O. Wilson published a truly huge book entitled, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. In this book, drawing on both fact and theory, Wilson tried to present a com­ prehensive overview of the rapidly growing subject of 'sociobiology', the study of the biological nature and foundations of animal behaviour, more precisely animal social behaviour. Although, as the title rather implies, Wilson was more surveying and synthesising than developing new material, he com­ pensated by giving the most thorough and inclusive treatment possible, beginning in the animal world with the most simple of forms, and progressing via insects, lower invertebrates, mammals and primates, right up to and in­ cluding our own species, Homo sapiens. Initial reaction to the book was very favourable, but before the year was out it came under withering attack from a group of radical scientists in the Boston area, who styled themselves 'The Science for the People Sociobiology Study Group'. Criticism, of course, is what every academic gets (and needs!); but, for two reasons, this attack was particularly unpleasant. First, not only were Wilson's ideas attacked, but he himself was smeared by being linked with the most reactionary of political thinkers, including the Nazis.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789400969605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (287p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Table of Contents: Volume II -- The New Dualism: “Res Philosophica” and “Res Historica” -- I -- Hippocrates and the School of Cos. Between Myth and Skepticism -- The Historical Hippocrates and the Origins of Scientific Medicine. Comments on Joly -- II -- What’s in a Word? Coming to Terms in the Darwinian Revolution -- Comments on Beatty -- Reply to Hull -- III -- The Politics of Truth: A Social Interpretation of Scientific Knowledge, with an Application to the Case of Sociobiology -- IV -- Anatomy of the Self in Psychoanalytic Theory -- The Unity of the Self -- Psychoanalysis, Personal Identity, and Scientific Method -- V -- Themes in British Psychiatry, J. C. Prichard (1785–1848) to Henry Maudsley (1835–1918) -- Comments on Bynum -- Name Index.
    Abstract: These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25-29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A. ), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R. ), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Fran~ois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec it Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400984431
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 17
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory -- 1.1. Three features of physico-chemical theories -- 1.2. Evolutionary theory and the observational/theoretical dichotomy -- 1.3. Is evolutionary theory hypothetico-deductive? -- 1.4. But is genetics really part of evolutionary theory? -- 1.5. The consilient nature of evolutionary theory -- 1.6. Conclusion -- Notes -- 2. The Evidence for Evolutionary Theory -- 2.1. Evidence for the synthetic theory’s core -- 2.2. Evidence for the whole theory -- 2.3. Rivals: The first chapter of Genesis -- 2.4. Rivals: Lamarckism -- 2.5. Rivals: Saltationism -- 2.6. Rivals: Orthogenesis -- 2.7. Evolutionary logic -- Notes -- 3. Karl Popper and Evolutionary Biology -- 3.1. Evolutionary theory as a metaphysical research programme -- 3.2. The problem of speciation -- 3.3. Is natural selection a tautology? -- 3.4. The problem of gradual change -- 3.5. Popperian saltationism -- 3.6. Evolutionary biology and evolutionary epistemology -- 4. The Last Word on Teleology, or Optimality Models Vindicated -- 4.1. The teleology of biology -- 4.2. Artifacts and adaption -- 4.3. Consequences and amplifications -- Notes -- 5. The Molecular Revolution in Genetics -- 5.1. Scientific advance: reduction or replacement? -- 5.2. What kind of revolution occurred in genetics? -- 5.3. But did ‘strong’ reduction really occur? -- 5.4. David Hull objects -- Notes -- 6. Does Genetic Counselling Really Raise The Quality of Life? -- 6.1. Genetic counseling -- 6.2. The John F. Kennedy Institute Tay-Sachs programme -- 6.3. The limitations to genetic counseling -- 6.4. The problem of abortion -- 6.5. The problem of the poor -- 6.6. The problem of minorities -- 6.7. What is genetic disease? -- 6.8. Conclusion -- Notes -- 7. The Recombinant Dna Debate: A Tempest in A Test Tube? -- 7.1. The recombinant DNA debate -- 7.2. The nature of recombinant DNA research -- 7.3. The positive case for recombinant DNA research -- 7.4. The negative case against recombinant DNA research -- 7.5. Do the benefits outweight the risks? -- 7.6. The dangers of recombinant DNA research -- 7.7. The argument from epidemiology -- 7.8. Recombinant DNA research considered as science -- 7.9. Can one really separate science and technology? -- 7.10. Epilogue -- Notes -- 8. Sociobiology: Sound Science or Muddled Metaphysics? -- 8.1. What is sociobiology -- 8.2. Humans as seen through the lens of sociobiology -- 8.3. Other sociobiological claims -- 8.4. Is human sociobiology facist? -- 8.5. Is sociobiology prejudiced against homosexuals? -- 8.6. The testability of sociobiology -- 8.7. The falsity of sociobiology -- 8.8. Sociobiology and philosophy -- Notes -- 9. Is Science Sexist? The Case of Sociobiology -- 9.1. How science can show bias -- 9.2. Freudian psychoanalytic theory -- 9.3. The sociobiology of human sexuality: Wilson -- 9.4. The sociobiology of human sexuality: Symons -- 9.5. Is sociobiology sexist? The lesser charges -- 9.6. Is sociobiology sexist? The major charge -- 9.7. Concluding reflections for the feminist -- Notes -- 10. Are Homosexuals Sick? -- 10.1.Two models of health and sickness -- 10.2. The empirical facts about homosexuality -- 10.3. Psychoanalytic causal explanations -- 10.4. Endocrinal causal explanations of homosexuality -- 10.5. Sociobiological causal explanations -- 10.6. Conclusion -- Appendix 1. Matrix comparing sickness models against putative facts about homosexuality -- Appendix 2. Freud’s letter to an American Mother -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Abstract: Philosophy of biology has a long and honourable history. Indeed, like most of the great intellectual achievements of the Western World, it goes back to the Greeks. However, until recently in this century, it was sadly neglected. With a few noteworthy exceptions, someone wishing to delve into the subject had to choose between extremes of insipid vitalism on the one hand, and sterile formalizations of the most elementary biological principles on the other. Whilst philosophy of physics pushed confidently ahead, the philosophy of biology languished. In the past decade, however, things have changed dramatically. A number of energetic and thoughtful young philosophers have made real efforts to master the outlines and details of contemporary biology. They have shown that many stimulating problems emerge when analytic skills are turned towards the life-sciences, particularly if one does not feeI con­ strained to stay only with theoretical parts of biology, but can range over to more medical parts of the spectrum. At the same time, biology itself has had one of the most fruitful yet turbulent periods in its whole history, and more and more biologists have grown to see that many of the problems they face take them beyond the narrow confines of empiric al science: a broader perspective is needed.
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