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  • 1
    Online Resource
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    Extracting More From EITI (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.88
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment mieux exploiter l'ITIE ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI, www.eitransparency.org) aims to improve transparency and accountability by the full publication and verification of company payments and government revenues. The revenues flowing from natural resources extraction are huge. EITI is one of the international soft-law tools most supported by the international community to curb corruption and help the 3.5 billion people – half the population of the planet – living in resource-rich countries to benefit from the sale of their natural resources. Almost six years after the initiative was launched, the results are elusive for several countries. Figure 1 below shows that governments’ public endorsement of the EITI principles does not, on average, improve the perception of corruption levels in their countries. Moreover, according to the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, corruption control in EITI countries is worse than in non-EITI resource-rich countries. EITI countries’ scores deteriorated between 2002 and 2007. While these corruption indices are not limited to extractive industries, given their importance in the countries concerned, one would expectmore visible improvements in these indicators.
    DOI: 10.1787/225162187140
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Comment mieux exploiter l'ITIE ? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.88
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Extracting More From EITI
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’Initiative pour la transparence dans les industries extractives (ITIE) vise à accroître la transparence et la responsabilité des acteurs de ce secteur à travers la publication intégrale et la vérification des paiements effectués par les entreprises et des recettes encaissées par les États.
    DOI: 10.1787/220242252164
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  • 3
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    Fonds d'État et richesse des nations : Tout s'explique ... (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. How to Spend It: Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Wealth of Nations
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’économie du développement peut expliquer à la fois les sources de l’épargne et les motivations ayant conduit à l’essor récent des Fonds d’État, permettant ainsi d’éviter les restrictions d’investissement pour les pays de l’OCDE. De même que les fonds économiques sous-jacents en provenance des pays exportateurs de pétrole diffèrent de ceux provenant d’Asie de l’Est, il en va de même pour les réponses politiques appropriées.
    DOI: 10.1787/242280233508
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  • 4
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    The Fallout from the Financial Crisis (1) : Emerging Markets under Stress (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.83
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La crise financière et ses retombées (1) : Les marchés émergents à l'épreuve
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The contagion of the global credit crisis from the industrialised countries to the emerging markets has taken some time to develop. Then, in October 2008, it spread rapidly, afflicting all emerging markets, without any distinction or regard to their so-called “fundamentals”. For believers in “decoupling”, the high growth rates, massive foreign exchange (FX) reserves, balanced budgets and rising consumerism in the emerging markets at first reassured investors. It is now clear that the diagnosis of emerging-market policy performance suffered from hyperbole. In the end, all emerging market asset classes were hit: stocks, bonds and currencies.
    DOI: 10.1787/228185114075
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  • 5
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    How to Spend It : Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Wealth of Nations (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fonds d'État et richesse des nations : Tout s'explique ..
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Development economics can explain both saving sources and motives that have led to the recent SWF boom, thus helping avoid investment restrictions in OECD countries. As the economics underlying funds from oil exporting countries are different from the economics of East Asian funds, so are the appropriate policy answers.
    DOI: 10.1787/242445844807
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  • 6
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    La crise financière et ses retombées (1) : Les marchés émergents à l'épreuve (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.83
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Fallout from the Financial Crisis (1): Emerging Markets under Stress
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La crise mondiale du crédit qui a frappé les pays industrialisés n’a contaminé les marchés émergents que tardivement. Cependant, en octobre 2008, elle s’est rapidement étendue à tous ces pays, sans distinction ni considération pour ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler leurs « fondamentaux ». Les investisseurs adeptes du « découplage » ont d’abord été rassurés par les taux de croissance élevés, les réserves colossales de devises étrangères, l’équilibre des budgets et le consumérisme naissant. Mais il est désormais clair que l’évaluation de la performance des politiques publiques de ces États a péché par optimisme. En définitive, toutes les classes d’actifs ont été touchées : actions, obligations et monnaies.
    DOI: 10.1787/228180254736
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  • 7
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    Comment reconvertir ressources et revenus : Du bon usage des fonds souverains (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.38
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. How to Spend It: Commodity and Non-Commodity Sovereign Wealth Funds
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les fonds souverains sont devenus des acteurs de premier plan sur les marchés financiers mondiaux. Mais leurs investissements ont régulièrement nourri des craintes, d’espionnage industriel ou d’ordre géopolitique notamment. Pour l’auteur de ce Cahier de politique économique, la raison même de la création de ces fonds devrait permettre de prendre du recul. L’économie du développement vient expliquer les sources de l’épargne comme les motifs à l’origine de la vogue récente des fonds et invite les pays de l’OCDE à renoncer à imposer des restrictions aux investissements. En posant des limites aux fonds souverains des pays riches en pétrole, le protectionnisme va réduire le rendement ajusté au risque pour les pays exportateurs et pourrait provoquer une augmentation des cours, alimentée par une réduction de l’offre.
    DOI: 10.1787/227727501718
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  • 8
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    Le rendez-vous d'Accra : Réformer le 〈〈 non-système 〉〉 mondial de financement du développement (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.72
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. En Route to Accra: The Global Development-Finance Non-System
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’architecture internationale du financement du développement se complique avec l’arrivée de nouveaux acteurs et instruments. Les doublons entre donneurs, la dérive des objectifs des projets en cours (« mission creep ») et l’érosion de leur impact remettent en question l’efficacité de l’aide. Des mesures spécifiques concernant les contributions multilatérales aux objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement pourraient élargir la responsabilité des acteurs et réduire la complexité du processus.
    DOI: 10.1787/238480807682
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  • 9
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    Des donateurs traditionnels aux prêteurs émergents en Afrique (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.57
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Old-Donor Debt Relief to Emerging Lenders in Africa
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La croissance de nombreux pays africains attire, à un niveau sans précédent, les capital-risqueurs et les investissements boursiers sur le continent. Cet engouement nouveau des investisseurs est favorisé par un environnement, économique et politique, qui devrait aller en s'améliorant.
    DOI: 10.1787/242365476024
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  • 10
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    From Old-Donor Debt Relief to Emerging Lenders in Africa (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.57
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Des donateurs traditionnels aux prêteurs émergents en Afrique
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: China helps growth and debt sustainability in Africa through debt relief, infrastructure investment and higher exports. China and other emerging lenders should engage in a debt transparency initiative that considers such growth effects. This will encourage emerging lenders to co-operate with the ‘international community’ on Africa’s debt sustainability.
    DOI: 10.1787/242517418788
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  • 11
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    Prudent versus Imprudent Lending to Africa : From debt relief to emerging lenders (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.268
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Over recent years, a number of emerging creditors have increased their aid and lending to Africa’s Low-Income Countries (LICs). This has fed worries that new official lenders may be undoing years of international efforts to rein in over-indebtedness in Africa, to reduce the continent’s exposure to foreign-currency denominated debt and to encourage good governance by making loans conditional on political and economic reforms. These worries are reflected in the G8 Action Plan for Good Financial Governance in Africa, which attempts to include emerging lenders in the DSF framework — the Joint Bank-Fund Debt Sustainability Framework. The empirical analysis of debt dynamics distinguishes three country groups: African HIPC, HIPC-China (High China Presence), and Resource-rich IDA-only. All groups display marked trends of lower debt ratios (in net present value terms, NPV), in most cases below debtdistress level for even the lowest governance groups. Evidence on links between growth and lending may even suggest that African HIPC are currently under-leveraged. Generally, there is very little evidence of “imprudent lending” to debt relief beneficiaries in the figures up to 2006. The Asian giants lower debt ratios a little through debt relief, but they do this even more through stimulating exports and growth. This holds in particular for those countries towards which their lending is mostly directed: the resource-rich countries, rather than the debt-relief beneficiaries.
    DOI: 10.1787/242613675043
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  • 12
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    How to Spend It: Commodity and Non-Commodity Sovereign Wealth Funds (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.38
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment reconvertir ressources et revenus : Du bon usage des fonds souverains
    DOI: 10.1787/228474683637
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  • 13
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    En Route to Accra : The Global Development-Finance Non-System (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.72
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le rendez-vous d'Accra : Réformer le 〈〈 non-système 〉〉 mondial de financement du développement
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: New actors and instruments have increased the complexity of the international development-finance architecture Efficient aid delivery confronts challenges: multilateral duplication, mission creep and loss of leverage. Specific measures of multilaterals’ contributions to the MDGs could promote accountability and reduce complexity.
    DOI: 10.1787/238528280357
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  • 14
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    Forgive Debt, but Keep Lending (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.44
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Annuler la dette ? Oui. Renoncer aux prêts ? Non
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Cancelling of poor-country debt does not mean that the best way to give aid is through grants only. Aid through loans may often prove superior, provided that it maintains debt sustainability. A new scheme for soft loans is suggested, with higher interest rates and cancellation provisions if bad shocks occur, to minimise moral hazard and strengthen debt sustainability
    DOI: 10.1787/243721887467
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  • 15
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    Annuler la dette ? Oui. Renoncer aux prêts ? Non (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.44
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Forgive Debt, but Keep Lending
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’annulation de la dette des pays pauvres ne signifie pas que les dons soient la meilleure et unique solution pour allouer l’aide. L’aide sous forme de prêts pourrait se révéler bien souvent préférable, pourvu que la dette reste soutenable. Un nouveau système de prêts subventionnés, assortis de taux d’intérêt supérieurs et de dispositifs d’annulation en cas de mauvais chocs, minimiserait l’aléa moral et améliorerait la soutenabilité de la dette.
    DOI: 10.1787/243577531346
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  • 16
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    L' essor de la Chine et de l'Inde : Quels enjeux pour l'Afrique ? (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Rise of China and India: What's in it for Africa?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: La forte demande d’énergie et de minerais par la Chine et l’Inde a poussé à la hausse les prix internationaux des matières premières, ainsi que le volume et la valeur des exportations africaines.
    DOI: 10.1787/246540637572
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  • 17
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    Après Gleneagles : La place des prêts dans l'APD (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.31
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. After Gleneagles: What Role for Loans in ODA?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Supposons qu’un bailleur du CAD (Comité d’aide au développement de l’OCDE) alloue un milliard de dollars de ses recettes fiscales à l’aide publique au développement (APD). Ce bailleur peut faire appel à deux instruments : soit un don pur et simple, soit un don associé à un prêt aux conditions du marché, qui revient à accorder un prêt concessionnel de 2 milliards de dollars avec un élément-don de 50 pour cent. Nombreux sont ceux qui estiment aujourd’hui que le choix est évident : l’aide doit prendre la forme de dons et laisser les prêts au marché. L’objectif de ce Cahier de politique économique est de qualifier et éclairer ce choix....
    DOI: 10.1787/186383603083
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  • 18
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    After Gleneagles : What Role for Loans in ODA? (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.31
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Après Gleneagles : La place des prêts dans l'APD
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Suppose a DAC donor earmarks $1 billion of taxpayers’ money for official development assistance (ODA). The donor may use two instruments as an outright grant or in combination with a market loan to produce a concessional loan of $2 billion with a percentage grant element of 50 per cent. Many nowadays think the choice should be clear: provide grants only, leave loans to the market. The purpose of this Policy Brief is to qualify and inform this choice....
    DOI: 10.1787/186548656812
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  • 19
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    The Rise of China and India : What's in it for Africa? (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.19
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'essor de la Chine et de l'Inde : Quels enjeux pour l'Afrique ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: China’s and India’s strong appetite for energy and metal has boosted international prices and the volume and value of African exports. China in particular has become the main trade partner for a number of African countries providing cheap manufactured goods and reducing Africa's dependence from its traditional trading partners. Despite the push for exports, terms of trade and growth that the Asian giants provide to Africa, risks for sustainable poverty reduction are visible in higher raw material dependence and rent-seeking activities.
    DOI: 10.1787/246616177271
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  • 20
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    Macroeconomic Policies : New Issues of Interdependence (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.241
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Three novel macroeconomic policy challenges are discussed in this paper: the macroeconomic implications of China’s emergence; the implications of intensifying financial integration; and the interaction of Asia’s foreign exchange regime with monetary policy in the OECD area. First, China may now be regarded as a price maker on some international commodity and energy markets. Its global impact nowadays stretches importantly not just into goods and commodity markets, but equally into world financial markets. The acquisition by the Chinese official sector of large amounts of foreign assets has raised the country’s global cyclical, financial and macroeconomic importance. Hence, China should not just be perceived as a producer of low-priced goods, but likewise of “cheap savings”. China as a swing exporter/importer could destabilise commodity markets, with important repercussions for developing countries. Variations in China’s output gap will have important repercussions on key global ...
    DOI: 10.1787/546417808871
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