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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402047466
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Serie: Text, speech, and language technology
    DDC: 006.54
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Linguistics ; Linguistics ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence ; Text processing (Computer science ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Digitale Sprachverarbeitung ; Frage-Antwort-System
    Kurzfassung: "This new Springer volume provides a comprehensive and detailed look at current approaches to automated question answering. The level of presentation is suitable for newcomers to the field as well as for professionals wishing to study this area and/or to build practical QA systems. The book can serve as a ""how-to"" handbook for IT practitioners and system developers. It can also be used to teach graduate courses in Computer Science, Information Science and related disciplines."
    Kurzfassung: Automated question answering - the ability of a machine to answer questions, simple or complex, posed in ordinary human language - is one of the most exciting technological developments. This book looks at the various approaches to automated question answering. It serves as a "how-to" handbook for IT practitioners and system developers
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Front Matter; Some Advanced Features of LCC's Poweranswer; A Statistical Approach For Open Domain Question Answering; Coreference in Q&A; Questions and Intentions; Question Answering as Dialogue with Data; Coping With Alternate Formulations of Questions And Answers; Sentence Ranking Using Keywords and Meta-Keywords; Question Answering By Passage Selection; Query Modulation For Web-Based Question Answering; Question Answering by Predictive Annotation; Question Answering Supported By Multiple Levels Of Information Extraction; How to Select an Answer String?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Evaluating Question Answering System PerformanceEvaluating Interactive Question Answering; Habitability in Question-Answering Systems; Question Answering: Technology for Intelligence Analysis; Reverse-Engineering Question/Answer Collections From Ordinary Text; New Directions in Question Answering; Back Matter
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401723886
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXV, 384 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Text, Speech and Language Technology 7
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Linguistics ; Information storage and retrieval systems ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Natural language processing (Computer science). ; User interfaces (Computer systems). ; Human-computer interaction.
    Kurzfassung: The last decade has been one of dramatic progress in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). This hitherto largely academic discipline has found itself at the center of an information revolution ushered in by the Internet age, as demand for human-computer communication and information access has exploded. Emerging applications in computer-assisted information production and dissemination, automated understanding of news, understanding of spoken language, and processing of foreign languages have given impetus to research that resulted in a new generation of robust tools, systems, and commercial products. This volume focuses on the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Information Retrieval, the technology that grew out of library research to become our best hope in dealing with today's information overload. The book gives a broad overview of the work being done at the junction of these two important fields, and suggests directions for future explorations. It is organized into two loosely structured parts: The first part, consisting of Chapters 1 through 7, discusses research systems and evaluations that represent major avenues where the impact of NLP technologies in information retrieval is being explored. The second part (Chapters 8 through 14) describes specific implementations and prototypes of information systems where NLP techniques are used or proposed to assist in accurate retrieval, text categorization, question answering, and in organizing the results for the user. Audience: This book will be a valuable reference to researchers and practitioners in the fields of Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, and Computational Linguistics
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401117937
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 458 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 14
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical optimization
    Kurzfassung: Among the most important problems confronting computer science is that of developing a paradigm appropriate to the discipline. Proponents of formal methods - such as John McCarthy, C.A.R. Hoare, and Edgar Dijkstra - have advanced the position that computing is a mathematical activity and that computer science should model itself after mathematics. Opponents of formal methods - by contrast, suggest that programming is the activity which is fundamental to computer science and that there are important differences that distinguish it from mathematics, which therefore cannot provide a suitable paradigm. Disagreement over the place of formal methods in computer science has recently arisen in the form of renewed interest in the nature and capacity of program verification as a method for establishing the reliability of software systems. A paper that appeared in Communications of the ACM entitled, `Program Verification: The Very Idea', by James H. Fetzer triggered an extended debate that has been discussed in several journals and that has endured for several years, engaging the interest of computer scientists (both theoretical and applied) and of other thinkers from a wide range of backgrounds who want to understand computer science as a domain of inquiry. The editors of this collection have brought together many of the most interesting and important studies that contribute to answering questions about the nature and the limits of computer science. These include early papers advocating the mathematical paradigm by McCarthy, Naur, R. Floyd, and Hoare (in Part I), others that elaborate the paradigm by Hoare, Meyer, Naur, and Scherlis and Scott (in Part II), challenges, limits and alternatives explored by C. Floyd, Smith, Blum, and Naur (in Part III), and recent work focusing on formal verification by DeMillo, Lipton, and Perlis, Fetzer, Cohn, and Colburn (in Part IV). It provides essential resources for further study. This volume will appeal to scientists, philosophers, and laypersons who want to understand the theoretical foundations of computer science and be appropriately positioned to evaluate the scope and limits of the discipline
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789400927278
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (440p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Cognitive Systems 2
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Artificial intelligence
    Kurzfassung: Philosophy and Natural-Language Processing -- Prologue: Modes of Meaning -- Utterer’s Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning -- I: Formal Syntax of Natural Language -- Footlose and Context-Free -- Evidence Against the Context-Freeness of Natural Language -- II: Semantic Aspects of Natural Language -- Truth and Meaning -- Semantics for Propositional Attitudes -- III: Connecting Syntax with Semantics -- The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English -- Phrase Structure Grammar -- IV: Natural Language and Logical Form -- Quantifiers in Natural Languages: Some Logical Problems, I -- Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language -- V: Possible-Worlds and Situation Semantics -- From Worlds to Situations -- Possible Worlds and Situations -- Epilogue: From Semantics to Pragmatics -- Semantics versus Pragmatics -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and phi­ losophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and socio­ biology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual and epistemologi­ cal aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. Among the most challenging and difficult projects within the scope of artificial intelligence is the development and implementation of com­ puter programs suitable for processing natural language. Our purpose in compiling the present volume has been to contribute to the foundations of this enterprise by bringing together classic papers devoted to crucial problems involved in understanding natural language, which range from issues of formal syntax and logical form to those of possible-worlds and situation semantics. The book begins with a comprehensive introduc­ tion composed by Jack Kulas, the senior editor of this work, which pro­ vides a systematic orientation to this complex field, and ends with a selected bibliography intended to promote further research. If our efforts assist others in dealing with these problems, they will have been worthwhile. J. H. F.
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