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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400937796
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 98
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 98
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Theoretical Considerations Concerning Rationality and Scientific Change -- How Not to Talk About Conceptual Change in Science -- The Myth of the Framework -- A New View of Scientific Rationality -- Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience -- Methodology, Heuristics, and Rationality -- II Rational Scientific Changes -- Galileo and Rationality: The Case of the Tides -- The Quest for Scientific Rationality: Some Historical Considerations -- The Rationality of Discovery: Galvani’s Animal Electricity -- The Rationality of Entertainment and Pursuit -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: THE PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY Fashion is a fickle mistress. Only yesterday scientific rationality enjoyed considerable attention, consideration, and even reverence among phi­ losophers; "but today's fashion leads us to despise it, and the matron, rejected and abandoned as Hecuba, complains; modo maxima rerum, tot generis natisque potens - nunc trahor exui, inops", to cite Kant for our purpose, who cited Ovid for his. Like every fashion, ours also has its paradoxical aspects, as John Watkins correctly reminds in an essay in this volume. Enthusiasm for science was high among philosophers when significant scientific results were mostly a promise, it declined when that promise became an undeniable reality. Nevertheless, as with the decline of any fashion, even the revolt against scientific rationality has some reasonable grounds. If the taste of the philosophical community has changed so much, it is not due to an incident or a whim. This volume is not about the history of and reasons for this change. Instead, it provides a view of the new emerging image of scientific rationality in both its philosophical and historical aspects. In particular, the aim of the contributions gathered here is to focus on the concept around which the discussions about rationality have mostly taken place: scientific change.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789400965256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Reflections on Change -- I. Historical Dimensions -- The Mechanical Philosophy and Its Problems: Mechanical Explanations, Impenetrability, and Perpetual Motion -- Ghosts in the World Machine: A Taxonomy of Leibnizian Forces -- The Notion of Experimental Physics in Early Eighteenth-Century France -- Some Pragmatic Aspects of the Methodology of Johann Heinrich Lambert -- Classical Wage Theory and the Causal Complications of Explaining Distribution -- Genetic Epistemology in the Context of Evolutionary Epistemology -- II. Conceptual Considerations -- Truthlikeness, Realism, and Progressive Theory-Change -- In Praise of Cumulative Progress -- Kuhn’s Critique of Methodology -- Scientific Discovery and Theory-Confirmation -- Meaning, Acceptance, and Dialectics -- Extraterrestrial Science.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789400984820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (175p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 151
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I/Pictures and Teleology -- 1. Science, Philosophy, and Change -- 2. Images -- 3. Pictures and Coherent Images -- 4. Truth and Explanation -- 5. Explanationism -- II/Rules of Inference, Induction, and Ampliative Frameworks -- 1. Ampliative Inference -- 2. Sellarsian Rules of Inference -- 3. Goodman on Induction and the Scientific Framework -- 4. Quine, Induction, and Natural Kinds -- 5. Conclusion -- III/Induction and Justification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rules, Theories, and Conceptual Frameworks -- 3. Justification, Probability, and Acceptance -- 4. The Meaning of ‘Probable’ -- 5. ‘Probable’ Versus the Ground-Consequence Relation -- 6. The Purpose of Probability Arguments -- 7. Practical Reasoning -- 8. Modes of Probability -- IV/Theories -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Sellarsian View of a Theory; an Introduction -- 3. Sellars and Nagel on the Formal Structure of Theories -- 4. The Observation Framework -- 5. Correspondence Rules (C-Rules) -- 6. Explanation -- 7. Ontological Preliminaries -- 8. Explanation and Existence -- 9. Explanation and Two Senses of ‘About’ -- 10. Explanation Versus Derivation -- 11. The Theoretician’s Dilemma and the Levels Theory of Theories -- 12. Sellarsian Systematization -- 13. Explanation and Existence: The Role of C-Rules -- V/Conceptual Change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Scientific Image: a Reconsideration -- 3. Ontological Necessity -- 4. Reasonableness and Rationality -- 5. Conceptual Change -- 6. Rationality Versus Reasonableness -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In this essay I am concerned with the problem of conceptual change. There are, needless to say, many ways to approach the issue. But, as I see it, the problem reduces to showing how present and future systems of thought are the rational extensions of prior ones. This goal may not be attainable. Kuhn, for example, suggests that change is mainly a function of socio-economic pressures (taken broadly). But there are some who believe that a case can be made for the rationality of change, especially in science. Wilfrid Sellars is one of those. While Sellars has developed a full account of the issues involved in solving the problem of conceptual change, he is also a very difficult philosopher to discuss. The difficulty stems from the fact that he is a philosopher in the very best sense of the word. First, he performs the tasks of analyzing alternative views with both finesse and insight, dialectically laying bare the essentials of problems and the inadequacies of previous proposals. Secondly, he is a systematic philosopher. That is, he is concerned to elaborate a system of philosophical thought in the grand tradition stretching from Plato to White­ head. Now with all of this to his credit, it would appear that there is no difficulty at all, one should simply treat him like all the others, if he indeed follows in the footsteps of past builders of philosophic systems.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789400983946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 16
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Economics Methodology ; Philosophy and science. ; Economic history.
    Abstract: On the Role of Fundamental Theory in Positive Economics -- Are General Equilibrium Theories Explanatory? -- New Consumer Theory and the Relations Between Goods -- A Skeptical History of Microeconomic Theory -- Neo-Utilitarian Ethics and the Ordinal Representation Assumption -- Constitutional Choice: Rawls versus Harsanyi -- Some Implications of ‘Theory Absorption’ for Economic Theory and the Economics of Information -- On the Use of Laboratory Experiments in Economics -- Some Logic and History of Hypothesis Testing -- Testing Statistical Testing.
    Abstract: The essays in this volume are the result of a workshop held at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in April, 1979. The assembled group was diverse, comprised of philosophers, economists, and statisticians. But it was not the complete group on which we had initially planned. Richard Rudner was in France on sabbatical and was unable to fly back for the occa­ sion. His untimely death the following summer saddened us all, for we lost not just a colleague but a friend. This book is dedicated to him out of the spirit of friendship and in appreciation for the ground breaking work he did in the philosophy of the social sciences. In addition to the participants, a number of people worked very hard to make our gathering possible. We are especially indebted to Dean Henry Bauer, Dean Ernie Stout and Dean John Ballweg of the College of Arts and Sciences at Virginia Tech for their good will and support, both moral and substantive. We would also like to thank Professor Guy Hammond, Head, Department of Philosophy and Religion, for his council and assistance. Our special thanks to Jeanne Keister and Betty Davis for their patience with unending typing and reservations, and finally to Barbara Kersey, always at hand, ever helpful. Without them nothing would have transpired.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789400997998
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 14
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Galileo’s Scientific Method: a Reexamination -- Some Tactics in Galileo’s Propaganda for the Mathematization of Scientific Experience -- Galileo Galilei and the Doctores Parisienses -- Descartes as Critic of Galileo -- Galileo and the Causes -- Galileo: Causation and the Use of Geometry -- Galileo’s Matter Theory -- The Conception of Science in Galileo’s Work.
    Abstract: The essays in this volume (except for the contribution of Dr. Le Grand) are extremely revised versions of papers originally delivered at a workshop on Galileo held in Blacksburg, Virginia in October, 1975. The meeting was organized by Professor Joseph Pitt and sponsored by the Department of Philosophy and Religion, The College of Arts and Sciences, and the Division of Research of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The papers that follow deal with problems OIf Galileo's philosophy of science, specific and general problems connected with his methodology, and with historical and conceptual questions concerning the relationship of his work to that of contemporaries and both earlier and later scientists. New perspectives take many forms. In this book the 'newness' has, for the most part, two forms. First, in the papers by Wisan, Shea, Le Grand and Wallace (the concerns will also appear in some of the other contributions), greatly enriched historical discoveries of how Galileo's science and its method­ ology developed are provided. It should be stressed that these papers are attempts to recapture a deep sense of the kind of science Galileo was creating. Other papers in the volume, for example, those by McMullin, Machamer, Butts and Pitt, underscore the importance of this historical venture by discussing various aspects of the philosophical background of Galileo's thought. The historical and philosophical evaluations and analyses compliment one another.
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