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  • Wyckoff, Andrew  (11)
  • Paunov, Caroline  (10)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (21)
  • Science and Technology  (21)
  • 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.149
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Innovation policies need to be socially embedded for them to effectively contribute to addressing major societal challenges. Engaging citizens in innovation policymaking can help define long-term policy priorities, enhance the quality and legitimacy of policy decisions, and increase the visibility of innovation in society. However, engaging all groups in society and effectively integrating citizens' inputs in policy processes is challenging. This paper discusses why, when and how to engage citizens in innovation policy making. It also addresses practical considerations for organising these processes, such as reaching out to diverse publics and selecting the optimal mix of methods and tools.
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  • 2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.162
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper discusses five innovation policy imperatives critical to achieving green and digital transitions: coordinated government, stakeholder engagement, policy agility and experimentation, directionality and support for breakthrough innovation. The paper provides policy examples from Germany, based on the OECD Review of Innovation Policy: Germany , and other countries to illustrate in what ways countries have addressed these imperatives. Overall, the quality and scale of these policy responses need to increase if transitions are to succeed. Open questions for future policy research are also highlighted.
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.163
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Science and Technology ; Environment
    Kurzfassung: In the context of the green transition, universities have much to offer in joint green innovation projects with business, government and citizens. As hubs of diverse expertise, universities are uniquely placed to build interdisciplinary teams and bridge gaps between society and industry. Their regional ties also enable them to engage with the local ecosystem. This paper draws from ten international case studies of university partnerships with industry and society in green mobility, green energy and green products, services and processes. The comparative evidence gathered from interviews with representatives from these initiatives examines universities’ practices for green co-creation. Additionally, the paper outlines policy recommendations crucial to supporting these initiatives, essential for the global success of sustainable development efforts.
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  • 4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.136
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper discusses how countries’ vision for science, technology and innovation (STI) priorities has evolved through COVID-19. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 171 STI strategy documents from 11 countries that were released between 2013 and 2021. Depending on the context, these documents seek to build consensus, manage actors, communicate or signal directions for policy, or achieve internal organisational motives. Most of the documents that have emerged since the COVID-19 crisis focus on a dominant ambitious societal goal and specific technologies to implement that goal. For example, environmental sustainability is a shared goal across different countries’ STI strategies, but its specific meaning differs. Most countries’ STI strategies also identify digitalisation as an important tool to achieve other socio-economic goals. Inclusivity is prominent in agendas reflecting country-specific circumstance. Improving resilience is a shared priority and increased in prominence with the COVID-19 experience.
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.135
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Co-creation – the joint production of innovation between combinations of industry, research, government and civil society – was widely used to respond to the challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes 30 COVID-19 co-creation initiatives from 21 countries and three international cases. The template focuses on initiatives’ core characteristics, including information on key co-creation partners and their contributions, key outcomes as well as the initiatives’ size. The comparative evidence gathered through interviews with case study initiative leaders also describes what co-creation instruments were used, how networks leading to the collaboration were built, what type of cross-disciplinary co-operation took place, and what role governments played in the process and the procedures adopted to deal with the COVID-19 “exceptionality”, including the urgency of producing implementable solutions. The information gathered provides a basis for analyses on co-creation initiatives during COVID-19 and for drawing potential policy implications.
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  • 6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.134
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Co-creation – the joint production of innovation between combinations of industry, research, government and civil society – was widely used to respond to COVID-19 challenges. This paper analyses 30 international co-creation initiatives that were implemented to address COVID-19 challenges. Evidence on these initiatives was gathered based on structured interviews with initiative leaders. Existing co-creation networks enabled the rapid emergence of new initiatives to address urgent needs, while digital technologies enabled establishing new – and, where necessary, socially distanced – collaborations. Aside from funding initiatives, governments engaged actively in co-creation by granting access to their networks, advising on initiative goals and offering support to improve quick delivery. The role of civil society was important as well, and the socially impactful nature of research and innovation was a motivating factor for engagement. Harnessing a similarly strong motivation is an important driver of effective future co-creation endeavours also to address the challenges of the green transition.
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.99
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Science, technology and innovation (STI) have played a key role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented socio-economic crisis it has triggered. This paper explores how the pandemic affected STI in 2020, including how STI was mobilised to provide vaccines, treatments and innovative (often digital) solutions to address “social distancing”. The paper also reviews the quick and agile STI policy responses implemented across countries to stimulate research and innovation activities to find solutions to the pandemic. Moreover, the paper covers STI policies that targeted universities, research centres, innovative businesses and entrepreneurs most affected by the crisis. It also raises key debates on the effectiveness of such policies. Follow-up work will leverage more and better data to improve this early assessment of the impacts of the crisis and STI policy responses.
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  • 8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.115
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The importance of knowledge co-creation – the joint production of innovation between industry, research and possibly other stakeholders, such as civil society – has been increasingly acknowledged. This paper builds on 13 cross-country case studies and co-creation experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to characterise the diversity of knowledge co-creation initiatives and identify lessons for policy. The paper identifies a strong rationale for policy to support knowledge co-creation because the benefits of successful co-creation initiatives outweigh the initial co-ordination costs. Moreover, knowledge co-creation initiatives can contribute to democratising innovation. Successful initiatives engage all stakeholders and have effective governance and management structures. They also have clearly defined ownership and use rights of the collaborations’ outcomes and benefit from favourable conditions to operate, including temporary staff mobility and institutional set-ups that facilitate collaboration and effective communication among participants.
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.107
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The COVID-19 crisis may bring lasting socioeconomic changes, also affecting science, technology and innovation (STI). This paper discusses the effects that the COVID-19 crisis could have on the future of STI and its policies, building on lessons learned from past crises, an analysis of diverse sources of early data and insights from expert discussions in international policy fora. Factors shaping the future of STI include the unequal effects of the crisis on R&D spending across sectors, the accelerated adoption of digital tools and techniques, and changes in the openness and inclusiveness of research and innovation ecosystems. The paper also explores how STI policy could experience fundamental changes as resilience, environmental sustainability and inclusiveness become more prominent objectives on policy agendas. This includes experimentation with new data and digital tools for policy purposes and unconventional policy approaches, which could spur the adoption of new and more effective STI policies.
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going digital: Back to the future
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe La transformation numérique : Retour vers le futur
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2017, 02
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Kurzfassung: Innovation policies are central to growth agendas in most countries, but have figured much less prominently in strategies to promote social inclusion. In recent years, many countries have implemented “inclusive innovation policies”– a specific set of innovation policies that aim to boost the capacities and opportunities of disadvantaged individuals to engage in innovation activities, including research and entrepreneurship. Examples include the provision of grants to researchers from disadvantaged groups, the deployment of programmes to popularise science and technology, the provision of micro-credit to entrepreneurs and the provision of grants to firms locating their R&D activities in peripheral regions. This paper analyses the role that inclusive innovation policies can play in tackling social, industrial and territorial inclusiveness challenges by drawing on 33 detailed policy examples from 15 countries. The paper discusses why these policies should be a priority, explores the specific challenges that arise in their implementation and provides recommendations as to how the challenges can best be addressed.
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Re-booting government as a bridge to the digital age
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Relancer l’action publique pour entrer dans l’ère numérique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Économie numérique : un futur meilleur à portée de main ?
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digital economy: Securing the future
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/08
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Objectif R-D : Les répercussions de l'accroissement des dépenses de R-D sur l'économie et l'action publique
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Setting R&D spending targets based on R&D intensities (GERD as a share of GDP) has been a part of science and technology policy in many OECD countries for at least 35 years. What is new is that the targeting of R&D has become more widespread and a more visible goal commanding considerable attention in high-level white papers, summits and policy proclamations. This paper examines the factors that have contributed to the growing popularity of these targets and analyses in more detail the economic and structural consequences of achieving the increased levels of R&D spending by looking at the profile of individual countries with a high R&D intensity and those countries who have achieved a recent significant gain in their intensity. It then traces some of the implications of a higher R&D intensity for the European Union: the R&D spending levels that would be required to meet the target announced by Ministers at the 2002 summit in Barcelona, the human resources needed to conduct this R&D ...
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/15
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions that may be linked to climate change focus on six greenhouse gases (GHG). Carbon dioxide is by far the largest of these by volume, representing about 80% of the total emissions of these six gases. Almost all carbon dioxide is emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels and OECD countries account for over half of the total carbon dioxide emission in the world while an additional four countries (Brazil, China, India and Russia) together account for a further quarter of the global total. Many policies designed to reduce these emissions set emission reduction goals based on some previous level (e.g. 1990 in the case of Kyoto for many countries) which is used as a benchmark for success and compliance to the protocol. But changes in emissions at the national level can occur for many reasons: including the relocation of production abroad, and/or by import substitution. This may have a negligible impact on global emissions but, if ...
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  • 20
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Targeting R&D: Economic and Policy Implications of Increasing R&D Spending
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Depuis 35 ans au moins, dans de nombreux pays membres de l'OCDE, des objectifs de dépenses fondés sur l’intensité de R-D (part de la DIRD dans le PIB) sont déterminés dans le cadre des politiques en matière de science et de technologie. Ce qui est nouveau, c’est que cette stratégie se généralise ; devenue plus visible, elle a fait l’objet d’une attention considérable dans le cadre de livres blancs, de sommets et de proclamations à haut niveau. Ce document examine les facteurs qui sont à l’origine de sa popularité croissante et analyse plus précisément les conséquences économiques et structurelles que pourra avoir la hausse des dépenses de R-D, en étudiant les caractéristiques des pays à forte intensité de R-D et de ceux qui connaissent depuis peu une hausse sensible de l’intensité de R-D. Il décrit ensuite certaines conséquences du renforcement de l’intensité de R-D dans l’Union européenne, les niveaux de dépenses de R-D nécessaires pour que l’objectif en matière de R-D annoncé ...
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1996/01
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the process of embodied technology diffusion in 10 OECD countries with the help of a methodology whereby the purchases of intermediate and capital goods act as carriers of technology across industries and countries. In terms of supply and demand of technology, it establishes that while innovations are developed mainly in a cluster of high technology manufacturing industries, a different cluster of industries in the services sector are the main acquirers of technologically sophisticated machinery and equipment. R&D performance is more concentrated (the top 5 industries account for between 60-80% of total) than technology use (the top 5 user industries account in most countries for 40-50% of total). In terms of the channels of technology diffusion, the share of technology obtained through capital investment is less than 50% of total acquired technology for every country, with the US leading in the diffusion of technology through capital investment. Imports are also an ...
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