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  • 2010-2014  (17)
  • 1990-1994
  • Patrinos, Harry Anthony  (17)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (17)
  • 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Arcia, Gustavo School Autonomy and Accountability in Thailand
    Kurzfassung: There is a consensus on the need for Thailand to reform its education system to be able to compete with other high performing countries in the region. In terms of learning outcomes, the most recent evidence from the Programme for International Student Assessment shows little improvement over time. This paper uses the World Bank's Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) approach in Thailand to contrast policy intent and policy implementation in school autonomy and accountability. The policy implementation data were obtained from a survey of school principals of the schools that participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment and merged the data sets. First, the study analyzes the gap between policy intent and policy implementation. Then it examines the effect of the gaps on various schooling outcomes while controlling for covariates. The analysis finds significant differences between the Systems Approach for Better Education Results indicators of policy intent and policy implementation in all areas assessed by the indicators. Schools in Thailand exercise more flexibility in their personnel management in practice than what is intended by policy; student assessments need to address issues of content, reliability, and validity and school accountability needs to improve the interpretation of student assessments to make schools more accountable. There is a positive association between the Programme for International Student Assessment scores and school autonomy and accountability
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  • 2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Ausgabe: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Montenegro, Claudio E Comparable Estimates of Returns to Schooling around the World
    Kurzfassung: Rates of return to investments in schooling have been estimated since the late 1950s. In the 60-plus year history of such estimates, there have been several attempts to synthesize the empirical results to ascertain patterns. This paper presents comparable estimates, as well as a database, that use the same specification, estimation procedure, and similar data for 139 economies and 819 harmonized household surveys. This effort to compile comparable estimates holds constant the definition of the dependent variable, the set of control variables, the sample definition, and the estimation method for all surveys in the sample. The results of this study show that (1) the returns to schooling are more concentrated around their respective means than previously thought; (2) the basic Mincerian model used is more stable than may have been expected; (3) the returns to schooling are higher for women than for men; (4) returns to schooling and labor market experience are strongly and positively associated; (5) there is a decreasing pattern over time; and (6) the returns to tertiary education are highest
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Ausgabe: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Angrist, Noam An Expansion of a Global Data Set on Educational Quality
    Kurzfassung: This paper assembles a panel data set that measures cognitive achievement for 128 countries around the world from 1965 to 2010 in 5-year intervals. The data set is constructed from international achievement tests, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment and the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, which have become increasingly available since the late 1990s. These international assessments are linked to regional ones, such as the South and Eastern African Consortium for Monitoring of Educational Quality, the Programme d'Analyse des Systemes Educatifs de la Confemen, and the Laboratorio Latinoamericano de Evaluacion de la Calidad de la Educacion, in order to produce one of the first globally comparable data sets on student achievement. In particular, the data set is one of the first to include achievement in developing countries, including 29 African countries and 19 Latin American countries. The paper also provides a first attempt at using the data set to identify causal factors that boost achievement. The results show that key drivers of global achievement are civil rights and economic freedom across all countries, and democracy and economic freedom in a subset of African and Latin American countries
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  • 4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Ausgabe: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Fasih, Tazeen Functional Literacy, Heterogeneity and the Returns to Schooling
    Kurzfassung: Little is known about which of the skills that make up workers' human capital contribute to higher earnings. Past empirical evidence suggest that most of the return to schooling is generated by effects or correlates unrelated to the skills measured by the available tests. This paper uses the International Adult Literacy and the Adult Literacy and Life Skills surveys to obtain multi-country estimates of the components of the return to schooling. The results reveal considerable heterogeneity and a dichotomy between two groups of countries. For a subgroup of educationally advanced countries, nearly half of the return to schooling can be attributed to labor marker-relevant functional literacy skills associated with schooling, while for a subgroup of less educationally advanced countries, such skills account for just over 20 percent of the return to schooling, while the return to schooling mostly reflects the signaling value of schooling
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  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Ausgabe: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Patrinos, Harry Anthony Framework for the Reform of Education Systems and Planning for Quality
    Kurzfassung: In 2000, the goal that, by 2015, all children will have access to, and complete, free and compulsory primary education of good quality, was set. Despite the progress in terms of student enrollment and completion, the quality of learning produced in developing countries remains poor. Existing models of education production are inadequate for informing education reform for the purpose of improving school quality, as measured by student learning. Thus, a broader and more integrated approach of policy making is put forward. Building on theory and empirical evidence on what works, the paper puts forward a framework for improving the quality of education. The framework includes six factors: (1) assessment; (2) autonomy; (3) accountability; (4) attention to teachers; (5) attention to early childhood development; and (6) attention to culture. Going forward, there is a need to develop a system of international quality benchmarks drawing on a larger body of evidence. Most importantly, more empirical evidence from impact evaluations is needed
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  • 6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Ausgabe: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Fasih, Tazeen Heterogeneous Returns to Education in the Labor Market
    Kurzfassung: Since the development of human capital theory, countless estimates of the economic benefits of investing in education for the individual have been published. While it is a universal fact that in all countries of the world the more education one has the higher his or her earnings, it is nevertheless important to know the empirical returns to schooling. However, simply knowing average returns is not useful in a world of heterogeneity. This paper finds increasing returns going from the lower to the higher end of the earnings distribution, but with some important differences across regions. The returns increase by quantile for Latin America. The returns decrease by quantile for most East Asian countries, producing an overall equalizing effect. India and Pakistan demonstrate opposite results. In Ghana, the returns across the distribution are flat, while for Kenya and Tanzania education is dis-equalizing
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Ausgabe: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Jimenez, Emmanuel Stuck in the Middle?
    Kurzfassung: The challenge of sustaining economic growth over the long term is one that only a few countries have been able to surmount. Slowing momentum in countries like Malaysia and Thailand has led analysts and policy makers to consider what it would take to lift them out of middle-income status, where other countries have arguably become stuck. The paper examines the role of human capital formation in the quest to sustain economic growth in these two countries. It argues that a good education system is fundamental to equip workers with marketable skills. Malaysia and Thailand have successfully expanded access to schooling, but the quality of education remains an issue. Modern education systems should aim to provide universally-available quality education using the following policies: prioritize budgets to deliver quality and universally-available basic education before expanding higher levels of schooling; provide appropriate incentives and rewards to teachers; permit school autonomy and ensure accountability for results; invest in early childhood development; and consider implementing income-contingent loan financing schemes to expand higher education
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  • 8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Ausgabe: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Bannayan, Haif The Jordan Education Initiative
    Kurzfassung: The Jordan Education Initiative, launched in 2003 under the umbrella of the World Economic Forum, is a public-private partnership, or multi-stakeholder partnership, that integrates information and communication technologies into the education process as a tool for teaching and learning in grades 1-12. This initiative fits within the ongoing reform of the education system in Jordan that began in the 1990s. The Jordan Education Initiative's main objective is to help Jordanian students develop critical knowledge economy skills crucial for competitiveness and economic growth. The Initiative also seeks to build the capacity of the local information technology industry for the development of innovative learning solutions, and to build a sustainable model of reform supported by the private sector that could be scaled nationally and replicated in other developing countries
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Ausgabe: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Abdul-Hamid, Husein Assessment Testing Can be Used to Inform Policy Decisions
    Kurzfassung: Over the past two decades, the Jordanian education system has made significant advances. Net enrollment in basic education increased from 89 percent in 2000 to 97 percent in 2006. Transition rates to secondary education increased from 63 to 79 percent in the same period. At the same time, Jordan made significant gains on international surveys of student achievement, with a particularly impressive gain of almost 30 points on the science portion of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study. Changes in test scores over time are presented and analyzed using decomposition analysis. The trends are related to policy changes over time. It is argued that benchmarking education systems and constant feedback between researchers and policymakers contributed to this achievement
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  • 10
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Ausgabe: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Barrera-Osorio, Felipe Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique to analyze learning outcomes changes over time
    Kurzfassung: The Oaxaca-Blinder technique was originally used in labor economics to decompose earnings gaps and to estimate the level of discrimination. It has been applied since in other social issues, including education, where it can be used to assess how much of a gap is due to differences in characteristics (explained variation) and how much is due to policy or system changes (unexplained variation). The authors apply the decomposition technique in an effort to analyze the increase in Indonesia's score in PISA mathematics. Between 2003 and 2006, Indonesia's score increased by 30 points, or 0.3 of a standard deviation. The test score increase is assessed in relation to family, student, school and institutional characteristics. The gap over time is decomposed into its constituent components based on the estimation of cognitive achievement production functions. The decomposition results suggest that almost the entire test score increase is explained by the returns to characteristics, mostly related to student age. However, the authors find that the adequate supply of teachers also plays a role in test score changes
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  • 11
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    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Ausgabe: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Patrinos, Harry Anthony Education
    Kurzfassung: Progress in educational development in the world since 1900 has been slow and uneven between countries. Providing basic education for all children in developing countries has been and remains an unmet challenge of governments and international organizations alike. This is in sharp contrast to recent findings in the economics literature on the catalytic role of human capital for economic growth and social development in general. Using a newly constructed matched data set on education and national accounts in the 1950 to 2010 period, this paper estimates the loss of income and equity associated with not having a faster rate of human capital accumulation, using alternative methodologies and specific country examples. Such loss is projected backward (1900-1950) and forward (2010-2050) using plausible assumptions regarding what countries could have done in the past or may do in the future to accelerate human capital formation. The findings suggest that the welfare loss in terms of per capita income conservatively ranges from about 7 to 10 percent. Improved educational attainment is also shown to have an effect in reducing income inequality
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  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Ausgabe: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Caetano, Gregorio Measuring Aversion to Debt
    Kurzfassung: This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to test for the presence of debt aversion. The population who participated in the experiment were recent financial aid candidates and the experiment focused on student loans. The goal is to shed new light on different aspects of the perceptions with respect to debt. These perceptions can prevent agents from choosing an optimal portfolio or from undertaking attractive investment opportunities, such as in education. The study design disentangles two types of debt aversion: one that is studied in the previous literature, which encompasses both framing and labeling effects, and another that controls for framing effects and identifies only what we denote labeling debt aversion. The results suggest that participants in the experiment exhibit debt aversion, and most of the debt aversion is due to labeling effects. Labeling a contract as a "loan" decreases its probability of being chosen over a financially equivalent contract by more than 8 percent. The analysis also provides evidence that students are willing to pay a premium of about 4 percent of the financed value to avoid a contract labeled as debt
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  • 13
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Guaqueta, Juliana The Determinants of Wealth and Gender Inequity in Cognitive Skills in Latin America
    Kurzfassung: Wealth and gender inequity in the accumulation of cognitive skills is measured as the association between subject competency and wealth and gender using the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment. Wealth inequity is found to occur not through disparate household characteristics but rather through disparate school characteristics; little evidence is found of an association between wealth and competency within schools. Weak evidence is found of wealth mitigating gender differences through school characteristics. These findings suggest that wealth inequity in the accumulation of cognitive skills is almost exclusively associated with disparate school characteristics and that disparate school characteristics may play a role in accentuating gender inequity
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Macdonald, Kevin Within-School Tracking in South Korea
    Kurzfassung: The 2003 PISA Korea sample is used to examine the association between within-school ability tracking and mathematics achievement. Estimates of a variety of econometric models reveal that tracking is positively associated with mathematics achievement among females and that this association declines for higher achieving females. No evidence of an association between males and tracking is detected. While this association for females cannot be interpreted as a causal effect, the presence of a measurable association indicates the need for further research on tracking in Korea with a particular focus on gender differences
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Patrinos, Harry Anthony Private Education Provision and Public Finance
    Kurzfassung: One of the key features of the Dutch education system is freedom of education - freedom to establish schools and organize teaching. Almost 70 percent of schools in the Netherlands are administered by private school boards, and all schools are government funded equally. This allows school choice. Using an instrument to identify school choice, it is shown that the Dutch system promotes academic performance. The instrumental variables results show that private school attendance is associated with higher test scores. Private school size effects in math, reading, and science achievement are 0.17, 0.28, and 0.18
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Ausgabe: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Paralleltitel: Jakubowski, Maciej The Impact of the 1999 Education Reform in Poland
    Kurzfassung: Increasing the share of vocational secondary schooling has been a mainstay of development policy for decades, perhaps nowhere more so than in formerly socialist countries. The transition, however, led to significant restructuring of school systems, including a declining share of vocational students. Exposing more students to a general curriculum could improve academic abilities. This paper analyzes Poland’s significant improvement in international achievement tests and the restructuring of the education system that expanded general schooling to test the hypothesis that delayed vocational streaming improves outcomes. Using propensity score matching and differences-in-differences estimates, the authors show that delayed vocationalization had a positive and significant impact on student performance on the order of one standard deviation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Kurzfassung: En este libro se revisa el conocimiento basico existente sobre la administracion escolar descentralizada alrededor del mundo y se demuestra la importancia de una evaluacion rigurosa del impacto para formular propuestas de politicas. Varios paises en desarrollo estan introduciendo reformas de administracion escolar dirigidas a empoderar a los directores y maestros de las escuelas. Muchas de estas reformas refuerzan tambien la participacion de los padres. La administracion escolar descentralizada tiene el potencial para convertirse en un medio de muy bajo costo, para que el gasto publico en educacion sea mas eficiente, aumentando la responsabilidad en cada institucion. En esta publicacion se desarrolla un marco teorico de administracion escolar descentralizada y se revisa la experiencia de mas de 20 paises. Los autores ofrecen una breve descripcion de algunas reformas de ese tipo, junto con evidencia sobre su impacto en varios indicadores. En general, encuentran que la administracion escolar descentralizada tiene un efecto positivo sobre algunas variables "reduce las tasas de repeticion y de fracaso y mejora la asistencia", pero resultados mixtos en otras
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