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  • 2000-2004  (578)
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (578)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    External Debt Statistics. Guide for Compilers and Users (2004)
    Washington DC. : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 309 p. , 20x27cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Parallel Title: Print version External debt statistics
    Keywords: Debts, External Statistical methods ; Debts, External Statistics
    Abstract: The guide, prepared by eight international finance organizations participating in the Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics, updates the previous international guidelines on external debt statistics, "External Debt: Definition, Statistical Coverage and Methodology," published in 1988. During the 1990s new statistical guidelines for national accounts and balance of payments statistics were established, and a substantial growth in financial flows between private sector institutions occurred. The concepts set out in the Guide are harmonized with those of the "System of National Accounts 1993" and the fifth edition of the IMF's "Balance of Payments Manual
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordPreface -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Overview -- PART I: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK -- 2 The Measurement of External Debt: Definition and Core Accounting Principles -- 3 Identification of Institutional Sectors and Financial Instruments -- 4 Presentation of the Gross External Debt Position -- 5 Public and Publicly Guaranteed External Debt -- 6 Further External Debt Accounting Principles -- 7 Further Presentation Tables of External Debt -- Introduction -- External Debt by Short-Term Remaining Maturity -- Debt-Service Payment Schedule -- Foreign Currency and Domestic Currency External Debt -- Interest Rates and External Debt -- External Debt by Creditor Sector -- Net External Debt Position -- Reconciliation of External Debt Positions and Flows -- Traded Debt Instruments -- Cross-Border Trade-Related Credit -- 8 Debt Reorganization -- 9 Contingent Liabilities -- PART II: COMPILATION -- PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE -- 10 Overview of Data Compilation -- -Introduction -- Coordination Among Official Agencies -- Resources -- Legal Backing for Data Collection -- Collection Techniques at Different Stages of Liberalization -- Dissemination of External Debt Statistics -- 11 Government and Public Sector Debt Statistics -- Introduction -- How Should Data Be Collected and Compiled by the Debt Office? -- Basic Details and Terms of the Borrowing -- How Should Information Be Stored? -- How Can the Debt Office Validate Data? -- Appendix: Functions of the Government Debt Office -- 12 Banks and Other Sectors' External Debt Statistics -- 13 Traded Securities -- Introduction -- General Observations -- Key Considerations -- Nonresident Investment in Domestically Issued Securities: Potential Respondents -- Issues of Securities by Residents in Foreign Markets -- Information on Securities Involved in Reverse Security Transactions -- Possible Mismeasurement -- Periodic Position Surveys -- Counterpart Information -- 14 Country Experience -- Introduction -- Australia -- Austria -- Canada -- Chile -- India -- Israel -- Mexico -- New Zealand -- Philippines -- Turkey -- Uganda -- PART III: USE OF EXTERNAL DEBT STATISTICS -- 15 Debt Sustainability: Medium-Term Scenarios and Debt Ratios -- 16 External Debt Analysis: Further Considerations -- -Introduction -- Composition of External Debt -- The Role of Income -- The Role of Assets -- Relevance of Financial Derivatives and Repurchase Agreements (Repos) -- Information on the Creditor -- PART IV: WORK OF INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES -- 17 External Debt Statistics from International Agencies -- Introduction -- Bank for International Settlements-International Monetary Fund -- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -- World Bank -- Joint BIS-IMF-OECD-World Bank Statistics on External Debt -- 18 External Debt Monitoring Systems -- Introduction -- Commonwealth Secretariat's Debt Recording and Management System (CS-DRMS) -- UNCTAD's Debt Management and Financial Analysis System (DMFAS) -- 19 Provision of Technical Assistance in External Debt Statistics -- -Introduction -- Commonwealth Secretariat -- European Central Bank -- International Monetary Fund -- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development -- World Bank -- Appendices -- -I. Specific Financial Instruments and Transactions: Classifications -- Part 1. Financial Instruments: Description and Classificationin the Gross External Debt Position -- Part 2. Classification of Specific Transactions -- II. Reverse Security Transactions -- III. Glossary of External Debt Terms -- IV. Relationship Between the National Accounts and the International Investment Position (IIP) -- V. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative and DebtSustainability Analysis
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 294-296) and index
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065161-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report on non-OECD Countries' Spam Legislation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.81
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report on anti-spam legislation in OECD non-member countries was originally prepared for the Brussels OECD Workshop on Spam and was updated following the workshop to include more non-member country information in April 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232723710504
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insurance and Financial Market Issues Related to the Management of Large-Scale Disaster (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 201-211
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The last few years have witnessed a number of large-scale disasters, both man-made, such as the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and natural, such as the tropical storm Allison in 2001 in the US, the extensive flooding in large parts of Europe in summer 2002, the May 2003 earthquake in Algeria or the appearance of previously unknown infectious diseases. Both the frequency of such disasters and the magnitude of losses involved have tended to increase. This evolution brought home to OECD governments the realisation that risks of very large disasters or “mega-risks” have the potential for inflicting considerable damage on the vital systems and infrastructures upon which our societies and economies depend...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art6-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Competition and Regulation Issues in Telecommunications : Country Contributions (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 171-171
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions de concurrence et de réglementation en matière de fusions dans les médias : Contributions par pays
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 171-171
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This section lists the 17 country contributions to the discussion of media mergers.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art18-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in International Investment Law (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La norme du traitement juste et équitable dans le droit international des investissements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The obligation to provide “fair and equitable treatment” is often stated, together with other standards, as part of the protection due to foreign direct investment by host countries. It is an “absolute”, “non-contingent” standard of treatment, i.e. a standard that states the treatment to be accorded in terms whose exact meaning has to be determined, by reference to specific circumstances of application, as opposed to the “relative” standards embodied in “national treatment” and “most favoured nation” principles which define the required treatment by reference to the treatment accorded to other investment1. Although some references to the standard can be found in the first negotiating attempts of multilateral trade and investment instruments, it became established as a principle mainly through the increasing network of bilateral investment treaties. The obligation of the parties to investment agreements to provide to each other’s investments “fair and equitable treatment” ...
    DOI: 10.1787/675702255435
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Central Africa and the Cross-border Regions : Reconstruction and Integration Prospects (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique Centrale et les régions transfrontalières : Perspectives de reconstruction et d'intégration
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 43-109
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The study in question shows the potential embodied in the regional forces around three large Central African basins: the North West basin (Atlantic Ocean), the East basin (Indian Ocean) and the South basin (southern Africa). It serves as a back-up to the Initiative for Central Africa (INICA) which is an informal framework for dialogue and a bridge between the local and regional levels, the aim of which is to provide backing for regional actors who develop initiatives conducive to a return to peace and stability in the region...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art28-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth : Bosnia and Herzegovina - Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032248
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (73 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032248-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 430: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071124
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ; Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 430: Corrosion cutanée in vitro : Essai de résistance électrique transcutanée (RET)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Globally Harmonised System for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals defines skin corrosion as the production of irreversible tissue damage in the skin following the application of a test material. The test material (150 µL for liquids or solid with 150 µL of deionised water added on the top) is applied for up to 24 hours to the epidermal surfaces of skin discs (three skin discs are used for each test and control substance) in a two-compartment test system in which the skin discs function as the separation between the compartments. The skin discs are taken from humanely killed rats aged 28-30 days. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function, which is measured as a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5kΩ for rat). A dye-binding step incorporated into the test procedure permits to determine if the increase in ionic permeability is due to physical destruction of the stratum corneum.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071124-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DAC Peer Review of Finland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Finlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 229-301
    Keywords: Development ; Finland
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Denmark and New Zealand for the review on 17 June 2003. The principal issues covered were explicit attention to poverty reduction, predictable growth to an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2010, a strategy for increased multilateral aid, a clear position on policy coherence for development and increased staff capacity in embassies in partner countries. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art25-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    "Indirect Expropriation" and the "Right to Regulate" in International Investment Law (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L' "expropriation indirecte" et le "droit de réglementer" dans le droit international de l'investissement
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: It is a well recognised rule in international law that the property of aliens cannot be taken, whether for public purposes or not, without adequate compensation. Two decades ago, the disputes before the courts and the discussions in academic literature focused mainly on the standard of compensation and measuring of expropriated value. The divergent views of the developed and developing countries raised issues regarding the formation and evolution of customary law. Today, the more positive attitude of countries around the world toward foreign investment and the proliferation of bilateral treaties and other investment agreements requiring prompt, adequate and effective compensation for expropriation of foreign investments have largely deprived that debate of practical significance for foreign investors. Disputes on direct expropriation – mainly related to nationalisation that marked the 70s and 80s -- have been replaced by disputes related to foreign investment regulation ...
    DOI: 10.1787/780155872321
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Competition Policy in Subsidies and State Aid (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 109-173
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence, subventions et aides d'État
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 109-173
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Many sectors of OECD economies are strongly influenced by government policies, which provide financial support, assistance or aid to individual firms in an industry. Subsidies like regulations maybe either beneficial or harmful, either promoting welfare or distorting competition, depending on the circumstances. A roundtable discussion held in the Competition Committee in February 2001 focused on subsidies which arise whenever an enterprise or a consumer receives a benefit whose cost is wholly or partly, directly or indirectly, paid by the state. The roundtable discussed notably the different forms of control, and how they distinguish legitimate from illegitimate subsidies; it explored as well the nature of these controls, and in particular to what extent they are part of a broader system of ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v6-art3-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peer to Peer Networks in OECD Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.82
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The number of people logged on simultaneously to popular file sharing networks approached close to 10 million in April 2004, a rise of 30% from the same period a year earlier, according to this new OECD report.
    DOI: 10.1787/232717003357
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reviews of National Policies for Education: Bulgaria 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264105171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Bulgarie 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Bulgarie 2004
    Keywords: Education ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: This book gives an overview of the Bulgarian education system and describes its development since its development over the past decade. It provides an analysis of the entire education system, and identifies key directions for the reinforcement of the reform process in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students under rather difficult conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264105171-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
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    A Note on Benefit Security (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 133-198
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: A reoccurring motif in pension literature and policy is the search for “benefit security” – that is, assurance to members of a pension regime that, at the end of the working career, they will get some reasonably predictable outcome, either as a pension (benefit stream) or a lump sum. The purpose of this note is to present a simple “thought experiment” to explore this matter and how market mechanisms might be brought more to bear...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art5-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 432: In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432; Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 432: Essai de phototoxicité in vitro 3T3 NRU
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a method to evaluate photo-cytotoxicity by the relative reduction in viability of cells exposed to the chemical in the presence versus absence of light. Balb/c 3T3 cells are maintained in culture for 24 h for formation of monolayers. Two 96-well plates are pre-incubated with eight different concentrations of the test substance for 1 h. Thereafter one of the two plates is exposed to the highest non-cytotoxic irradiation dose whereas the other plate is kept in the dark. Cytotoxicity in this test is expressed as a concentration-dependent reduction of the uptake of the Vital dye Neutral Red (NR) when measured 24 hours after treatment with the test chemical and irradiation. NR penetrates cell membranes by non-diffusion, accumulating in lysosomes. Alterations of the cell surface of the sensitive lysosomal membrane lead to lysosomal fragility and other changes that gradually become irreversible. Such changes result in a decreased uptake and binding of NR. It is thus possible to distinguish between viable, damaged or dead cells. To predict the phototoxic potential, the concentration responses obtained in the presence and in the absence of irradiation are compared, usually at the IC50 level, i.e., the concentration reducing cell viability to 50 % compared to the untreated controls. Software to be used with TG 425, 432, 455. Click here. Software not part of the Mutual Acceptance of Data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071162-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Test No. 220: Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070301
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220; Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 220: Essai de reproduction chez l'enchytrée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. Ten worms are randomly allocated to each test vessel. A range-finding test should be used, for two weeks, in case of no sufficient information. The duration of the definitive test is six weeks. At the end the total number of juveniles produced by parent animal and the survival of parent animals are assessed. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. The study report should include the adult morphological changes, the number of offspring. The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070301-en
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  • 17
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    Detailed Review Document on Classification in OECD Member Countries of Substances and Mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079106
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.41
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This review documents examines member country classification of substances and mixtures which in contact with water release toxic gases.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079106-en
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  • 18
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    Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment in International Investment Law (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 26 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2004/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le traitement de la nation la plus favorisée dans le droit international des investissements
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Bilateral and regional investment agreements have proliferated in the last decade and new ones are still being negotiated. Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) clauses link investment agreements by ensuring that the parties to one treaty provide treatment no less favourable than the treatment they provide under other treaties in areas covered by the clause. MFN clauses have thus become a significant instrument of economic liberalisation in the investment area. Moreover, by giving the investors of all the parties benefiting from a country’s MFN clause the right, in similar circumstances, to treatment no less favourable than a country’s closest or most influential partners can negotiate on the matters the clause covers, MFN avoids economic distortions that would occur through more selective country-by-country liberalisation. Such a treatment may result from the implementation of treaties, legislative or administrative acts of the country and also by mere practice ...
    DOI: 10.1787/518757021651
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  • 19
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    Educational Facilities and Risk Management : Natural Disasters (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques ; Les catastrophes naturelles
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Équipements éducatifs et gestion des risques : Les catastrophes naturelles
    Keywords: Education ; France ; Greece ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Mexico ; Nepal ; Turkey
    Abstract: Earthquakes and other natural disasters are unpredictable, and often deadly. In developed and developing countries alike, the cost in human life and infrastructure is very high. The danger to schools is of particular concern, given the concentration of young people attending them, and schools' broader role in communities -- not the least of which is their common use as places of refuge after an earthquake or other disaster.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028340-en
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  • 20
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    The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 72 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.80
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As the development of broadband access builds momentum, policy makers are increasingly turning their attention to the availability of these services in rural and remote areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/232744838147
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  • 21
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    Issues for Trade and Competition in the Global Context (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 7-55
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions touchant les échanges et la concurrence dans le contexte international
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 7-55
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The complex relationship between trade policy and competition policy has been under study in the OECD for many years. In response to the Doha Declaration by WTO Ministers (November 2001), the OECD intensified its efforts, focussing on the topics suggested in Paragraphs 23-25 of the Declaration, i) core principles of non-discrimination, transparency and procedural fairness; ii) effective action against hard core cartels; iii) special and differential treatment/flexibility and progressivity; iv) voluntary co-operation in competition law; v) peer review and other possible compliance mechanisms: vi) capacity building and progressive reinforcement of competition institutions. This paper presents a synthesis of the work that has been done on each of these topics by the OECD Joint Group on Trade and Competition and the Competition Committee. It was discussed on the occasion of the Joint Global Forum on Trade and Competition in May 2003, which brought together participants from over 70 economies, international organisations and non-governmental organisations to dialogue and moved forward the debate. The proceedings of the Forum have been published...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art10-en
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    Aid Effectiveness and Selectivity : Integrating Multiple Objectives into Aid Allocations (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficacité de l'aide et la sélectivité : Intégrer de multiples objectifs dans les décisions d'affectation de l'aide
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 7-40
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper reports on recent work on improving the effectiveness of aid allocations, and extends the scope of analysis beyond the aid-policy-growth-poverty linkages to include three new elements: a broader range of poverty-relevant objectives and effectiveness constraints of aid; practical experience in the application of quantitative analysis to allocations; and analytic approaches to determining shares of aid through multilateral channels and for global public goods. There is wide consensus on the main allocation criteria for effectiveness in reducing poverty through pro-poor growth: the level and incidence of poverty and the development performance of partner countries. Other variables that raise the impact of aid on growth are helping vulnerable countries adjust to shocks, debt relief and post-conflict reconstruction. Considering broader development and humanitarian objectives, aid should also be allocated to prevent violent conflict and to improve governance and social conditions in “difficult partnerships”. In addition, global public goods are severely under-funded, and there is some evidence of under-funding of multilateral programmes...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art21-en
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    Detailed Review Paper on Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay for the Detection of Thyroid Active Substances (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment no.46
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Detailed Review Paper (DRP) is intended to provide the current state-of-the-knowledge in the area of amphibian metamorphosis with the view to use amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the detection of chemicals affecting the thyroid axis in vertebrates.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079144-en
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    Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.17
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (GFAP), popularly known as the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) since it was negotiated and initialed at a U.S. Air Force base in Dayton, Ohio, defined Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state consisting of two entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republika Srpska (RS). In accordance with international law, Bosnia and Herzegovina continued the legal existence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with its internal structure modified, but within the existing, internationally recognised, borders. The Federation covers 51 per cent of the state territory, that is, 26 110 sq km. Geographically, the Federation occupies central and western parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, although the two entities are intertwined, which makes it difficult to attach to them geographical designations. Moreover, according to the DPA, the entities do not have jurisdiction over border control. The last official census took place in 1991, but the Federation Bureau of Statistics published on 30 June 2003 an official estimate of population figures. According to the Bureau, in summer 2003 the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina had 2 839 215 inhabitants, of which 2 321 058 actually resided in the Federation. The remaining 518 157 persons were categorized as refugees.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmk17xw6h8t-en
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    Bosnia and Herzegovina - State Level (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Public Management Profiles no.16
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: In its present borders, Bosnia-Herzegovina was created on 25 November 1943 at a session of Tito’s Communist Party, the winning party after the Second World War. After the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was created in 1945, Bosnia-Herzegovina existed as one of its six republics for nearly 50 years. In the early 1990s, the events in former Yugoslavia and consequently in Bosnia-Herzegovina started to multiply at a dramatic speed. After the referendum, which was boycotted by the majority of the Bosnian Serbs and endorsed by Bosniaks and the Bosnian Croats, Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence on 1 March 1992, but the existence of the newly proclaimed state was short – the war started the following month. The beginning of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina saw two sides at war with each other: on one side were Bosnian Croats and Bosniaks and on the other Bosnian Serbs. However, throughout 1993, Bosnian Croats and Bosniaks fought also heavily with each other. In March 1994, under U.S. pressure, fighting between Bosniaks and Croats ended, with the two sides agreeing to establish a federation on the territory they controlled (the ‘Washington Agreement’). They then joined forces against the Bosnian Serbs who lost ground to the offensive and endured NATO strikes in August 1995.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmk17zq70r8-en
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Mexico City 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: The OECD Territorial Review of Mexico City highlights the region’s great potential for further growth, which is linked to the concentration of headquarters, educational establishments and research facilities, as well as high levels of FDI and rich cultural resources. However, it also reveals that this growth is constrained by low levels of human capital, inadequate infrastructure and widespread, acute poverty. The current governance framework, characterised by modest co-operation, also remains a sticking point for the region’s development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018327-en
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  • 27
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    Joint Assessment of Ownership and Partnership in Tanzania : Comparative Review of the Aid Programmes of Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 111-176
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Analyse conjointe de l'appropriation et du partenariat en Tanzanie : Examen comparatif des programmes d'aide du Danemark, de la Finlande, de l'Irlande et du Japon
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 111-176
    Keywords: Development ; Tanzania, United Republic of
    Abstract: This Joint Assessment compares the strengths of four donors in Tanzania, namely Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Japan, as well as the challenges facing them, and makes observations on their aid programmes. The aim of the Joint Assessment of these four donors (2-13 March 2003) was to understand the way in which the implementation of donors’ partnership strategies contributes to country ownership. The paper looks at the challenges for donors posed by the Tanzanian aid co-ordination mechanisms, which strongly promote Tanzanian ownership of the development programme. It concludes with a series of lessons for DAC donors...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art29-en
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    OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064935
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (87 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 Edition (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Os Princípios da OCDE sobre o Governo das Sociedades 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    QP 341
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Die OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance wurden 1999 vom Rat der OECD auf Ministerebene gebilligt und sind seitdem zu einer internationalen Richtschnur für politische Entscheidungsträger, Investoren, Unternehmen und sonstige interessierte Gruppen in aller Welt geworden. Sie haben die Corporate-Goverance-Agenda vorangebracht und liefern präzise Orientierungshilfen für Gesetzes- und Regulierungsinitiativen in OECD-Mitglieds- wie auch Nichtmitgliedsländern. Das Forum für Finanzmarktstabilität hat die Grundsätze in den Katalog der zwölf Kernstandards für solide Finanzsysteme aufgenommen. Die Grundsätze bilden ferner die Ausgangsbasis eines umfassenden Programms der Zusammenarbeit zwischen OECD- und Nicht-OECD-Ländern und dienen als Grundlage für das Corporate-Governance-Modul der Weltbank/IWF-Berichte über die Einhaltung von Standards und Kodizes (Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes ROSC).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064935-de
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    Highlights of Recent Trends in Financial Markets (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 7-60
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 7-60
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Background; Equity markets; Bond markets and interest rates; Foreign exchange markets; Emerging economies; Enlargement of the European Union...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art2-en
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  • 30
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    Achieving Ukraine's Agricultural Potential : Stimulating Agricultural Growth and Improving Rural Life (2004)
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055841
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (277 p)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This study provides a review of the food and agricultural sector in Ukraine. It assesses the current status of the food and agricultural sector with special reference to the agricultural policy regime and the form and level of government support to the sector. The paper reviews the sector’s readiness to compete on open global markets for food and agricultural products. Given the importance and sensitivity of the food and agriculture sector in the country, the report highlights a number of critical issues for the Ukrainian government to address. The report goes beyond the narrower focus of the agricultural policies and reviews the status of current rural physical and social infrastructure and issues of rural poverty. The Executive Summary highlights policy recommendations for Ukrainian policymakers, while the individual chapters provide technical analysis on key policy issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055841-en
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    Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070264
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 218: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau-sédiment chargé
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment - water systems. The test substance is spiked into the sediment and first instar larvae are subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence or larval survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070264-en
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    Media Mergers : Synthesis by the Secretariat (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 73-78
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Synthèse par le Secrétariat
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 73-78
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Reviewing media mergers may be more complicated than reviewing other mergers because of the huge variety of possible media content and the two-sided market aspect of many media, i.e. those earning advertising revenue. A wide variety of content means that market definition is rendered more complex. The twosided market characteristic has important and sometimes far from obvious impacts on how mergers affect economic efficiency, media plurality and content diversity...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art15-en
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    Background Paper for the OECD Workshop on Spam (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.78
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Note de synthèse pour l'atelier de l'OCDE sur le spam
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This background paper has been prepared to provide a broad overview of the issues associated with spam as information for participants at the OECD Workshop on Spam, to be held at the European Commission on 2-3 February 2004.
    DOI: 10.1787/232784860063
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    The Performance of Financial Groups in the Recent Difficult Environment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 61-81
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The past few years were characterised by an economic downturn, a substantial stock market correction from March 2000 to March 2003, financial asset deterioration, record corporate default rates, the Argentina sovereign default and several natural and man-made catastrophes, including most notably the September 11 attacks. Against this background, the present note looks at the performance of financial groups during this period. The recent decade has seen the formation of an increasing number of such groups, although some have argued that, ex post, the benefits associated with the formation of such groups may have been smaller than initially thought. The note concludes that financial groups have been quite resilient in the face of these various shocks, which is reflected in their equity market valuations...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art3-en
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    The Application of the Principles of GLP to in vitro Studies (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264084971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring no.14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Application des Principes de BPL aux études in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this document is to facilitate the proper application and interpretation of the GLP Principles for the organisation and management of in vitro studies, and to provide guidance for the appropriate application of the GLP Principles to in vitro studies, both for test facilities (management, QA, study director and personnel), and for national GLP compliance monitoring authorities. This Advisory Document intends to provide such additional interpretation of the Principles and guidance for their application to in vitro studies carried out for regulatory purposes. It is organised in such a way as to provide easy reference to the GLP Principles by following the sequence of the different parts of these GLP Principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264084971-en
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    South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth : Albania - Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Albania
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for Albania and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030886-en
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    OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004 (Slovak version) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015005
    Language: Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; République slovaque 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Slovak Republic 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : République slovaque 2004
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: SPECIAL FEATURERationalising public spending
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015005-sk
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    The Implications of Convergence for Regulation of Electronic Communications (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.83
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Digital technologies and the diffusion of new transmission technologies have increased the number of platforms capable of providing video transmission, and have also altered the traditional characteristics of broadcasting.
    DOI: 10.1787/232632377163
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  • 39
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    School Property Funding in New Zealand (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des actifs des établissements d'enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande
    Keywords: Education ; New Zealand
    Abstract: New Zealand’s special funding system allows state schools a greater level of independence in managing their property compared to most other countries. Schools receive a fixed budget as an entitlement from the three “pots” of the educational property funding structure. The government’s unique use of accrual accounting together with a new Five-Year Property Plan agreement gives schools a high degree of certainty of the property funding available, as well as responsibility for deciding how to modernise their own buildings.
    DOI: 10.1787/606406460144
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    The United Kingdom's Part-Privately Funded Business Academy Bexley (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2004/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Business Academy Bexley : Une école britannique à financement semi-privé
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The Business Academy Bexley is one of the first purpose-built, part-privately funded independent state schools in Europe. As part of the United Kingdoms new approach to raising educational standards in areas of social deprivation and low educational attainment, Bexley was designed to facilitate integration among its students and with local residents and to enrich the learning process.
    DOI: 10.1787/613086010348
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    Media Mergers: Summary of the Discussion (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 147-170
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les fusions dans les médias : Compte rendu de la discussion
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 4, p. 147-170
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The Chairman made three general opening points: market definition is an important issue in most jurisdictions, and seems to be fairly similar across countries; behavioural remedies are heavily used and are highly case specific; and competition authorities are wrestling with the relationship between competition and pluralism issues but generally try to avoid it. Some competition authorities believe that promoting competition in itself promotes pluralism so nothing else is needed from competition authorities. Some contributions note, however, that competition authorities are criticised for ...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art17-en
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  • 42
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    Generic Top Level Domain Names : Market Development and Allocation Issues (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.84
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Domain Name System’s need to have unique identifiers, and a consequent need for there to be a single registry for each name, means that any registry can exercise a degree of monopoly power over the domain for which it has responsibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/232630011251
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    ICT, E-Business and Small and Medium Enterprises (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.86
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les TIC, le commerce électronique et les PME
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness.
    DOI: 10.1787/232556551425
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    Philanthropic Foundations and Development Co-operation (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 77 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fondations philanthropiques et coopération pour le développement
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 3, p. 73-148
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Philanthropic foundations have made important contributions to development, particularly in agriculture, family planning and infectious diseases control. The most effective interventions have been long-term investments that were based on vision and sound scientific understanding, and were well integrated with local capacities. Foundations’ total expenditure on developmental activities is now about $3 billion annually, mostly from large U.S. foundations. Foundations are increasingly involved in public-private partnerships whose activities range from crop and disease research to improving insfrastructure, especially water supply. They have also evolved innovative approaches to building democratic life in developing countries. Better information exchange with official aid agencies and appropriate fiscal encouragement of their activity can help maximise foundations’ future development contributions...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art23-en
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    Digital Delivery of Business Services (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.79
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The business services examined in this study include software and information services, R&D and technical services, advertising and marketing, business consulting, recruitment and human resource development services. Digital delivery includes contracted out electronically mediated services supply (outsourcing) and digitally facilitated distributed work within firms, in which business services inputs are supplied electronically to support the business activities of firms. Digital delivery allows business services suppliers to combine richness and reach (i.e. to combine greater market reach with the ability to engage in richer interactions with clients). Business services activities are a significant and growing part of all OECD economies. Services are often dominated by small firms, although there are large players in most market segments. Demand for business services is strongly pro-cyclical. Innovation and high levels of competition counter market dynamics leading to concentration. Hence, new players emerge and there is considerable churn among market leaders.
    DOI: 10.1787/232751878060
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  • 46
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    Achieving High Quality in the Work of Supreme Audit Institutions (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 94 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.34
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This paper focuses primarily on the issue of how to achieve high quality in the audit process. In addition to describing the types of procedures needed to achieve quality, however, it discusses basic principles and those matters of institutional management that create an environment that encourages high quality in an SAI’s work. Audit quality is obtained by a process of identifying and administering the activities needed to achieve the quality objectives of an SAI. All types of SAIs need to understand the benefits that can be realised once audit quality is made a top priority. Improving audit quality requires a systematic SAI-wide approach. Piecemeal efforts by individuals and individual audit teams are not enough and will not work. There are no quick fixes to be obtained where audit quality is concerned. SAIs need to proceed methodically in an organised way to fix each quality issue and problem in turn. As new problems will always emerge, this should be a continuous process for the SAI. It is also evident that most audit quality-related problems are mainly the result of poor management of the audit process or of the SAI itself. Ensuring high levels of quality in an audit organisation involves a succession of detailed steps that must be taken over a period of time. In fact, it is a never-ending process of continual improvement. The first requirement is to define the standards of quality and then to put quality control procedures in place that will ensure that these standards are met. These procedures need not – and should not – suppress the initiative and good judgement of the auditor in adapting to particular circumstances. However, if the auditor judges that it is necessary to depart from the usual audit techniques, it is incumbent upon the auditor to demonstrate the necessity of doing so, and to show that the approach he or she has chosen is capable of satisfying the audit objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60v9gsd6-en
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  • 47
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    Competition and Regulation Issues in Telecommunications: Synthesis (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 141-223
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions de concurrence et de réglementation en matière de télécommunications : Synthèse
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 5, no. 3, p. 141-223
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The telecommunications industry has been transformed by increasingly vigorous competitive activity in an environment of rapid technical and regulatory change. As new technologies grow and as competitors enter and expand, firms often seek access to the networks of their competitors. The rules for connecting networks can be critical for the success of new and established networks and can have significant effects on investment. In fact, the most complex questions facing regulators in a potentially competitive telecommunications market are frequently focused on the conditions of access of one network to another’s network. One reason these problems are severe is that, as long as subscribers are only connected to one network, that network has a monopoly over calls that terminate with its subscribers, even if different networks might have competed to obtain that subscriber...
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v5-art12-en
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  • 48
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    Ageing and Financial Markets (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 85-120
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Over the next decades, OECD countries will experience a significant ageing of their populations. Changes in the age structure of populations affect the economy’s saving behaviour, including the level of saving and the choices of saving vehicles. During the 1990s, financial markets in general and equity markets in particular may have benefited from large inflows into pension funds and other institutionalised forms of saving. These inflows reflected to a considerable extent saving for retirement by baby boom generations. These baby boom generations are expected to start to move into retirement after 2010. Almost as a natural corollary to the developments during the 1990s, some observers have argued that when baby boomers start entering retirement they will become net sellers of financial assets to finance retirement consumption...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2004-art4-en
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  • 49
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    OECD-Leitlinien zum Schutz der Verbraucher vor grenzüberschreitenden betrügerischen und irreführenden Handelspraktiken (2004)
    Vienna : Federal Ministry of Social Security, Generations and Consumer Protection
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065857
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices across Borders
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE para la Protección de los Consumidores de Prácticas Comerciales Transfronterizas Fraudulentas y Engañosas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Raccomandazione del Consiglio OCSE Concernente le Linee Guida Sulla Tutela dei Consumatori Contro le Pratiche Commerciali Transfrontaliere Fraudolente e Ingannevoli
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linhas directrizes que regem a protecção dos consumidores contra as práticas comerciais transfronteiriças fraudulentas e enganosas
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065857-de
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  • 50
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    South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth : Macedonia - Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032279
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Private investment by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)1 is a key generator of economic growth and social change in OECD member country economies. In most countries, over 90% of all enterprises are SMEs. It is now widely accepted that the contribution of SMEs to new jobs, exports, innovation and regional development is vital to national development. How to benefit from and maximise this contribution is a continuous challenge for all countries. This Enterprise Policy Performance Assessment seeks to help address that question for the Republic of Macedonia and highlights issues that require attention and priority action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032279-en
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  • 51
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    Test No. 219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070288
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 219; Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 219: Essai de toxicité sur les chironomes dans un système eau chargée-sédiment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test starts by placing first instar larvae into the test beakers containing the sediment-water system and subsequently spiking the test substance into the water. Chironomid emergence and development rate is measured at the end of the test. The maximum exposure duration is 28 days for C. riparius, C. yoshimatsui, and 65 days for C. tentans. Larval survival and weight may also be measured after 10 days if required (using additional replicates as appropriate). The study report should include the development time and the total number of fully emerged midges (sex and number are recorded daily), the observation of any abnormal behaviour, the number of visible pupae that have failed to emerge and any egg masses deposition. The data are analysed either by using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause x % reduction in emergence, larvae survival or growth, or by using statistical hypothesis testing to determine a NOEC/LOEC.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070288-en
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  • 52
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    Test No. 309: Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water Simulation Biodegradation Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 309; Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles - Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 309: Minéralisation aérobie dans les eaux superficielles Essai de simulation de la biodégradation
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The purpose of this test is to measure the time course of biodegradation of a test substance at low concentration in aerobic natural water and to quantify the observations in the form of kinetic rate expressions. The test is performed in batch by “pelagic test” or “suspended sediment test” to simulate a water body with suspended solids or re-suspended sediment. The test flasks are incubated in darkness at an environmental temperature under aerobic conditions and agitation during 60 days normally. At least two different concentrations of test substance (non-volatile or slightly volatile organic) should be used. The maximum test concentration should be less than 100µg/L (biodegradation following first order kinetics) and the lowest test concentration preferably in the range of ‹1-10µg/L. Two subsamples should be withdrawn from each test flask at each sampling time. Degradation is followed at appropriate time intervals, by measuring either the residual 14C or the residual concentration of test substance. The total mineralisation and the primary biodegradation are determined by a different 14C labeling part of the molecule. Periodic measurements of pH and oxygen concentration in the test system must be conducted.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070547-en
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  • 53
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: México 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018181
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Mexico 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Mexique 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Mexique 2003
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: Los Estudios Económicos que la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) elabora sobre sus países miembros son evaluaciones comprehensivas de sus circunstancias económicas y propuestas rigurosas de política para consolidar, corregir o poner en práctica soluciones en favor de un desarrollo económico real y perdurable. Los Estudios Económicos se preparan con base en los reportes que realiza el Secretariado de la OCDE para el examen que periódicamente lleva a cabo el Comité de Seguimiento al Desarrollo Económico para cada país. El Estudio Económico de México 2003 presenta una interesante radiografía de la economía mexicana, acompañada de una serie de propuestas de gran relevancia tanto para los estudiosos del tema, como para los diseñadores de políticas en México. En general, la OCDE afirma que la economía mexicana se encuentra "bien posicionada para retomar el rumbo de crecimiento sólido y sostenible, aunque el momento y la fortaleza de la recuperación dependerán en gran medida de factores externos fuera del control de los diseñadores de políticas" y sugiere que "aun si las condiciones macroeconómicas se muestran desfavorables, las autoridades necesitan continuar esforzándose por lograr los objetivos anunciados en términos de inflación y presupuesto, si se desea conservar la confianza". Este estudio contiene además un capítulo sobre las fuentes del crecimiento de la economía mexicana, un capítulo enfocado a las reformas estructurales y una sección en donde se abordan los efectos económicos de la migración en México.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018181-es
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  • 54
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    Test No. 428: Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071087
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 428; Absorption cutanée ; méthode in vitro
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 428: Absorption cutanée : méthode in vitro
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test method has been designed to provide information on absorption of a test substance, (ideally radiolabelled), applied to the surface of a skin sample separating the two chambers (a donor chamber and a receptor chamber) of a diffusion cell. Static and flow-through diffusion cells are both acceptable. Skin from human or animal sources can be used. Although viable skin is preferred, non-viable skin can also be used. The skin has been shown to have the capability to metabolise some chemicals during percutaneous absorption. In this case, metabolites of the test chemical may be analysed by appropriate methods. Normally more than one concentration of the test substance is used in typical formulations, spanning the realistic range of potential human exposures. The application should mimic human exposure, normally 1-5 mg/cm2 of skin for a solid and up to 10 µl/cm2 for liquids. The temperature must be constant because it affects the passive diffusion of chemicals. The absorption of a test substance during a given time period (normally 24h) is measured by analysis of the receptor fluid and the distribution of the test substance chemical in the test system and the absorption profile with time should be presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071087-en
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  • 55
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    Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making : processes and implications; third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21 - 23 October 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264108262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radiation protection
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stakeholder participation in radiological decision making
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108264-en
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  • 56
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    DAC Peer Review of Ireland (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    Details
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Language: English
    Pages: 91 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Irlande
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 4, p. 177-266
    Keywords: Development ; Ireland
    Abstract: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from Belgium and Switzerland for the Peer Review on 17 November 2003. The principal issues covered were: building public ownership of Ireland's official development co-operation programme; providing a predictable growth path for the expansion in ODA required so as to reach an ODA/GNI ratio of 0.7% by 2007; planning now to manage a USD 1 billion ODA programme; remaining vigilant regarding human resource issues within Development Co-operation Ireland; maintaining a cautious approach to designating new programme countries; continuing to promote more strategic approaches by NGO partners; and enhancing Ireland's contribution to addressing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD...
    DOI: 10.1787/journal_dev-v4-art30-en
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  • 57
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    OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015999
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 Edition (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Os Princípios da OCDE sobre o Governo das Sociedades 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Chinese version)
    RVK:
    QP 341
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Since they were issued in 1999, the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance have gained worldwide recognition as an international benchmark for good corporate governance. They are actively used by governments, regulators, investors, corporations and stakeholders in both OECD and non-OECD countries and have been adopted by the Financial Stability Forum as one of the Twelve Key Standards for Sound Financial Systems. This revised version takes into account developments since 1999 and includes several important amendments.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015999-en
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  • 58
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    Supervising private pensions : institutions and methods (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264016988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Pensions Series no.6
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Series Statement: Private pensions series
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Supervising private pensions
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016989-en
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  • 59
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    What Makes School Systems Perform? : Seeing School Systems through the Prism of PISA (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fatores que interferem no desempenho das escolas; Analisando sistemas escolares através do prisma do PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What Makes School Systems Perform?; Seeing School Systems through the Prism of PISA (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fatores que interferem no desempenho das escolas: Analisando sistemas escolares através do prisma do PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. What Makes School Systems Perform?: Seeing School Systems through the Prism of PISA (Slovenian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The report links the results from the OECD PISA 2000 survey to qualitative evidence on important public policy measures in six countries that performed well in PISA. These measures included strategies for educational reform and innovation; issues of governance and resource allocation; national approaches to standard-setting, assessment and system monitoring; the organisation of support systems; the professional development of teachers; and approaches to addressing socio-economic differences in students’ backgrounds. Countries covered: Canada, England, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Sweden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017726-en
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  • 60
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    The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework : Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264101739
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 ; connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 ; Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version); Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 : connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 : Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version): Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA 2003 Assessment Framework – Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills presents the conceptual underpinnings of PISA 2003 assessments. Within each assessment area, the volume defines the content students need to acquire, the processes they need to perform, and contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264101739-en
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    Unternehmerische Initiative und innovative KMU in einer globalen Wirtschaft fördern (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065628
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promoting Entrepreneurship and Innovative SMEs in a Global Economy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promouvoir l'entreprenariat et les PME innovantes dans une économie mondialisée
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065628-de
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  • 62
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    El sector sin fines de lucro en una economía cambiante (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103191
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (373 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Non-profit Sector in a Changing Economy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur à but non lucratif dans une économie en mutation
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Las tendencias económicas recientes, que se reflejan en una mayor presión en términos económicos, la reforma del Estado benefactor, el surgimiento de la sociedad civil y la democracia participativa, han destacado la importancia creciente del sector sin fines de lucro en los países de la OCDE. Este sector, a menudo asociado con conceptos como “la economía social”, “el tercer sector”, “el sector de trabajo voluntario”, “el tercer sistema”, “el sector independiente” y, más recientemente, “la iniciativa empresarial social”, se ha enfrentado a una serie de retos cruciales. Entre ellos se encuentra el impulso para introducir criterios administrativos rigurosos, mientras que a la vez se mantiene la dimensión social única del sector y se fomenta la innovación social. Esta publicación ofrece una evaluación integral y transformadora de las nuevas tendencias en el ámbito de los estudios sobre el sector sin fines de lucro. Contiene contribuciones de expertos y académicos líderes en esta disciplina, y analiza los acontecimientos más significativos registrados en este sector en los países de la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos, Canadá, México y Australia. Asimismo, presenta un análisis comparativo y detallado de las herramientas y métodos empleados para financiar, supervisar y evaluar este sector de actividad económica y social. Este libro es una lectura fundamental para los diseñadores de políticas, practicantes en el sector y académicos interesados en conocer los más recientes acontecimientos teóricos y empíricos registrados en este sector en continua expansión.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103191-es
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    Foreign Direct Investment Statistics : How Countries Measure FDI (2004)
    Washington DC. : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    ISBN: 9781589062207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159 p)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Foreign Direct Investment Statistics: How Countries Measure FDI shows progress in recent years in moving toward compilation in accordance with international standards that have been established by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This report also provides information on the current practices regarding the statistical measurement of FDI of 61 countries, with the aim of improving users’ understanding of the methodology applied for compiling the data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9781589062207-en
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  • 64
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    Das Lernen Lernen : Voraussetzungen für Lebensbegleitendes Lernen Ergebnisse von PISA 2000 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264106048
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learners for Life; Student Approaches to Learning; Results from PISA 2000
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learners for Life: Student Approaches to Learning: Results from PISA 2000
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Im vorliegenden Bericht werden Ergebnisse der internationalen Schulleistungsstudie PISA analysiert, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Motivation, dem Vertrauen in die eigenen Fähigkeiten und der Anwendung verschiedener Lernstrategien liegt.Betrachtet werden vor allem solche Merkmale, die zusammengenommen die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöhen, dass ein Schüler zu einem selbstsicheren und autonomen Lerner wird. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass zwischen den Lernansätzen und den messbaren Lernergebnissen der Schülerinnen und Schüler ein enger Zusammenhang besteht. So erzielen z.B. Schülerinnen und Schüler, die ein ausgeprägtes Leseinteresse zeigen und vergleichsweise stärker auf ihre Fähigkeit zur Lösung ihnen selbst schwierig erscheinender Probleme vertrauen, tendenziell auch bessere Ergebnisse. In dem Bericht wird ferner nachgewiesen, dass ein besonders enger Zusammenhang zwischen der Tendenz der Schülerinnen und Schüler zur Selbstkontrolle des Lernprozesses durch bewusste Beobachtung ihrer Fortschritte bei der Realisierung persönlicher Ziele einerseits und ihrer Motivation und ihrem Selbstvertrauen andererseits besteht. Das legt den Schluss nahe, dass effektives Lernen nicht einfach als spezielle Fertigkeit gelehrt werden kann, sondern in erheblichem Maße von der Entwicklung einer positiven Einstellung abhängt.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106048-de
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    Docentes para las esculas de mañana : Análisis de los indicadores educativos mundiales Edición 2001 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024472
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. World Education Indicators 2001; Teachers for Tomorrow's Schools
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. World Education Indicators 2001: Teachers for Tomorrow's Schools
    Keywords: Education
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024472-es
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  • 66
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    Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070325
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 222; Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 222: Essai de reproduction chez le lombric (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals in soil on the reproductive output (and other sub-lethal end points) of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. Adult worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance either mixed into the soil or applied to the soil surface. The range of test concentrations is selected to encompass those likely to cause both sub-lethal and lethal effects over a period of eight weeks. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 1000 mg/kg. This study includes the observation of unusual behaviour and morphology, the counting and weighing of the adult worms after the four primary weeks, the number of juveniles hatched at the end of the second 4-week period. The reproductive output of the worms exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or ECx by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output. The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx then comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070325-en
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  • 67
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    Test No. 431: In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071148
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431; Corrosion cutanée in vitro ;Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 431: Corrosion cutanée in vitro :Essai sur modèle de peau humaine
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and it enables the identification of non-corrosive substances and mixtures when supported by a weight of evidence determination using other existing information. The test protocol may also provide an indication of the distinction between severe and less severe skin corrosives. This Test Guideline does not require the use of live animals or animal tissue for the assessment of skin corrosivity. The test material (solid or liquid) is applied uniformly and topically to a three-dimensional human skin model, comprising at least a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. Two tissue replicates are used for each treatment (exposure time), and for controls. Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure periods. The principle of the human skin model assay is based on the hypothesis that corrosive chemicals are able to penetrate the stratum corneum by diffusion or erosion, and are cytotoxic to the underlying cell layers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071148-en
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  • 68
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    Raccomandazione del Consiglio OCSE Concernente le Linee Guida Sulla Tutela dei Consumatori Contro le Pratiche Commerciali Transfrontaliere Fraudolente e Ingannevoli (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065864
    Language: Italian
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices across Borders
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Leitlinien zum Schutz der Verbraucher vor grenzüberschreitenden betrügerischen und irreführenden Handelspraktiken
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Directrices de la OCDE para la Protección de los Consumidores de Prácticas Comerciales Transfronterizas Fraudulentas y Engañosas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linhas directrizes que regem a protecção dos consumidores contra as práticas comerciais transfronteiriças fraudulentas e enganosas
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065864-it
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  • 69
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    Lernen für die Welt von morgen : Erste Ergebnisse von PISA 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063556
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (530 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World; First Results from PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain ; Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 ; Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã; Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World; First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World: First Results from PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Apprendre aujourd'hui, réussir demain : Premiers résultats de PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Informe PISA 2003 : Aprender para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aprendendo para o Mundo de Amanhã: Primeiros resultados do PISA 2003
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Learning for Tomorrow's World: First Results from PISA 2003 (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Education
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063556-de
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  • 70
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    Iniciativa empresarial y desarrollo económico local : recomendaciones para la aplicación de programas y políticas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264103214
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local ; Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development; Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'entreprenariat et le développement économique local : Quels programmes et quelles politiques ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development: Programme and Policy Recommendations (Turkish version)
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En los países miembros de la OCDE resulta sorprendente el espectro, número y crecimiento de los programas de apoyo para la iniciativa empresarial y la microempresa. Buena parte del interés de política por fomentar la iniciativa empresarial se refleja en la convicción de que la creación de nuevas empresas contribuirá a facilitar el logro de importantes objetivos económicos y sociales. El aumento en el ritmo de creación de empresas es hoy una inquietud casi universal para las autoridades locales, al igual que para los gobiernos centrales que desean combatir la marginación económica local. Sin embargo, a pesar del amplio interés de política, pocos estudios han analizado sistemáticamente la relación entre la creación de nuevas empresas y el desarrollo económico local. Esta publicación analiza las principales rutas a través de las cuales la creación de empresas y su desarrollo puede tener un impacto sobre las economías locales. Así, se analiza la evidencia empírica acerca de la relación entre la iniciativa empresarial y las economías locales. Asimismo, se demuestra que aunque la creación de empresas puede resultar un componente crucial para el desarrollo económico local, el fomento de la iniciativa empresarial no constituye una panacea para el desarrollo. Por ello, se discuten a profundidad una serie de limitaciones potenciales de las estrategias orientadas hacia la iniciativa empresarial y cómo estas limitaciones pueden contrarrestarse. Este libro presenta detalladas recomendaciones de política tanto en el ámbito gubernamental local como nacional. Las recomendaciones se relacionan con tres ámbitos temáticos: estrategia, financiamiento y diseño de programas. Se espera que estos lineamientos sean de utilidad para los gobiernos centrales y locales en el diseño y la puesta en marcha de programas y estrategias eficaces en términos de costos. En este sentido, la presente publicación describe los tipos de investigación que deben llevarse a cabo para lograr un mejor entendimiento de los temas clave de política.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264103214-es
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    Die Quellen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums in den OECD-Ländern (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264019171
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les sources de la croissance économique dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Die in den neunziger Jahren und auch noch zu Beginn dieses Jahrzehnts beobachteten Wachstumsmuster haben die früheren Theorien auf den Kopf gestellt. Während des größten Teils der Nachkriegszeit wurde in den OECD-Ländern mit vergleichsweise geringem Pro-Kopf-BIP ein stärkeres Wirtschaftswachstum verzeichnet als in den reicheren Ländern. In den neunziger Jahren wurde diese scheinbare Gesetzmäßigkeit dann aber durchbrochen. Namentlich die Vereinigten Staaten, deren Pro-Kopf-BIP im Vergleich zu den anderen großen Volkswirtschaften bereits relativ hoch war, konnten ihren Vorsprung ab Mitte der neunziger Jahre weiter vergrößern. Die Wirtschaftsleistung der meisten kontinentaleuropäischen Länder ist demgegenüber nach wie vor schwach, und die japanische Wirtschaft stagniert weiterhin. Wo liegen die Hauptursachen für die Wachstumsunterschiede innerhalb der OECD? Bis zu welchem Grad sind sie auf neue Technologien und FuE zurückzuführen? Welche Rolle spielt die makroökonomische Politik? Wie wichtig sind Aus- und Weiterbildung? Welchen Einfluss haben Arbeitslosigkeit, Arbeitsmarktflexibilität und Produktmarktwettbewerb? Führen Startups dem Markt Kapital und neue Ideen zu? Welche Bedeutung haben die Hemmnisse für Unternehmensgründungen und ‑aufgaben? Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über diese Fragen und liefert neue Erkenntnisse über die Antriebskräfte des Wirtschaftswachstums in den OECD-Ländern.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019171-de
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    Co-ordination at the Centre of Government : The Functions and Organisation of the Government Office Comparative; Analysis of OECD Countries, CEECs and Western Balkan Countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.35
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: A well-functioning government office acts as a co-ordinator of the decision-making system and as such is crucial for the government’s capacity to define and pursue its collective objectives. The “Government Office” is a generic term that refers to the institution(s) at the centre of government responsible for supporting the Prime Minister and serving the Council of Ministers as a collective decision-making body. This paper describes and analyses the functions and organisation of government offices in a comparative context, covering OECD member countries, central and eastern European countries (CEECs), and countries of the Western Balkans (ex-Yugoslavia and Albania). The analysis is based on information gathered by Sigma and GOV (PUMA)1 since the mid 1990’s, supplemented by results of a written questionnaire administered by Sigma and GOV in 2003.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60v4x2f6-en
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    Proceedings of the sixth meeting of the Task Force on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities : Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Menlo Park, CA, USA 10-12 April 2002; [SATIF 6; workshop proceedings] (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264017348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Science
    Series Statement: Nuclear science
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA, USA, 10 - 12 April 2002
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017344-en
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  • 74
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    Large-scale Disasters : Lessons Learned (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur ; les leçons du passé
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Catastrophes de grande ampleur : les leçons du passé
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: The September 11th terrorist attacks, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Hurricane Andrew and the Kobe earthquake are all recent examples of large-scale disasters that have taken a massive toll in human lives, wealth and property. They have disrupted vital systems such as transport and energy supplies and spilled over into neighbouring as well as distant regions. They have also generated widespread anxiety, and in some cases created deep-seated public mistrust of governments' ability to protect their citizens. This book is based on a report prepared between May and July 2003 by a multi-disciplinary team of experts from inside and outside of the OECD. It examines the economic and social impacts of past large-scale disasters, and draws a number of key lessons for the future. Its focus is on better prevention of disasters, and on restoring trust and securing recovery in their aftermath.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020207-en
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    The Security Economy (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie de la sécurité
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: With the market for security goods and services having expanded rapidly since 9/11, this study examines the potential costs of major disruptions, the trade-offs between tighter security and economic efficiency, and the implications of tighter security for privacy and other democratic liberties.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107748-en
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    Measuring Sustainable Development : Integrated Economic, Environmental and Social Frameworks (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020139
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (428 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: The papers in this conference proceedings address the various conceptual, measurement and statistical policy issues that arise when applying accounting frameworks to the concept of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020139-en
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  • 77
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    Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: School Safety and Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes: (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Earthquake-prone communities need earthquake-resistant schools. In 2002, a primary school in San Giuliano, Italy, collapsed killing 29 children and one teacher. In May 2003, a medium-sized earthquake in the city of Bingöl, Turkey, caused the collapse of three new schools and a dormitory, killing many children as they slept. All too frequently, earthquakes cause the collapse of school buildings and the injury and death of staff and students. Further, when schools are closed because of earthquake damage, education is hampered, community life disrupted, and potential emergency shelters unavailable. Where school attendance is compulsory, communities have an obligation to provide a safe study and work environment. Why do schools collapse even during moderate earthquakes? Experts agree that many collapse due to avoidable errors in design and construction. Often, the needed technology is not applied and laws and regulations are not sufficiently enforced. Application of existing knowledge can significantly lower the seismic risk of schools and help prevent further injury and death of school occupants during earthquakes. Moreover, this can be accomplished at reasonable cost and within a reasonable period. Keeping Schools Safe in Earthquakes presents expert knowledge, opinions and experiences, and provides valuable insight into the scope of problems involved in protecting schools and their occupants. Its recommendations are a call to action to all governments in OECD and partner countries to help facilitate their implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016705-en
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Sweden 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264108592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Suède 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Suède 2004
    Keywords: Environment ; Sweden
    Abstract: This review of Sweden’s environmental performance takes stock of Sweden’s environmental performance since the last review done in 1996. It finds that Sweden has benefited from solid institutional and regulatory frameworks, extensive use of economic instruments, and significant planning and legislative reform. To meet its Environmental Quality Objectives, Sweden will need to implement more efficient environmental policies, further integrate environmental concerns with other policy, and further strengthen international environmental cooperation. The report makes 44 recommendations to help strengthen Sweden’s environmental performance in the context of sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264108592-en
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    Private health insurance in OECD countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264007458
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Private health insurance in OECD countries
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. L'assurance-maladie privée dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'assurance-maladie privée dans les pays de l'OCDE
    RVK:
    QX 710
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Private Krankenversicherung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264007451-en
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    Global knowledge flows and economic development (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107687 , 9264107681
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Series Statement: Local economic and employment development
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Les flux mondiaux de connaissances et le développement économique
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Global knowledge flows and economic development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les flux mondiaux de connaissances et le développement économique
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107687-en
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    Regulatory Governance in South East European Countries : Progress and Challenges (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (93 p)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: In October 2001, the Stability Pact and the OECD launched the Regulatory Governance Initiative (RGI) to strengthen the institutional, knowledge and process capacities for developing and implementing more efficient and effective regulation, supportive of sound and competitive markets. The RGI is one of the policy implementation initiatives under the Investment Compact (the South East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth) of the Stability Pact. This report of the Regulatory Governance Initiative provides an assessment on the progress of regulatory governance reforms in South East Europe (SEE), and the remaining reform challenges. It includes the Governance Action Plans developed by the SEE countries. Short-term reform priorities identified by the countries provide the basis for the Agenda for Regional Action, an overview of main governance reform trends in the SEE region and recommendations for the successful implementation of reforms. The report responds to the decision, taken by the Ministers from South East Europe (SEE) at the meeting in Vienna in July 2003, to place major emphasis on reviewing progress in the area of governance at their 2004 Ministerial meeting. It aims to inform policy-makers, donors, investors and the international community of progress in regulatory governance reforms in South East Europe. Practitioners in the region can draw on this report as a guide for their work in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017474-en
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    Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069947
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 202; Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 202: Daphnia sp., essai d'immobilisation immédiate
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an acute toxicity test to assess effects of chemicals towards daphnids (usually Daphnia magna Staus). Young daphnids, aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, are exposed to the test substance at a range of concentrations (at least five concentrations) for a period of 48 hours. Immobilisation is recorded at 24 hours and 48 hours and compared with control values. The results are analysed in order to calculate the EC50 at 48h. Determination of the EC50 at 24h is optional. At least 20 animals, preferably divided into four groups of five animals each, should be used at each test concentration and for the controls. At least 2 ml of test solution should be provided for each animal (i.e. a volume of 10 ml for five daphnids per test vessel). The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. The study report should include the observation for immobilized daphnids at 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the test and the measures of dissolved oxygen, pH, concentration of the test substance, at the beginning and end of the test.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069947-en
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  • 83
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    OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform: Deutschland : Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016125
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Germany 2004; Consolidating Economic and Social Renewal
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Allemagne 2004 ; consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Germany 2004: Consolidating Economic and Social Renewal
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Allemagne 2004 : consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Deutschlands Wirtschaft hat viele Jahrzehnte lang ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse erzielt. Der Ordnungsrahmen und das Regulierungssystem des Landes zeichnen sich durch besondere historisch gewachsene Stärken aus, nämlich klare, wohl durchdachte wettbewerbsrechtliche und wettbewerbspolitische Strukturen sowie ein solides Fundament von Regulierungsinstrumenten. Es ist mithin nicht weiter verwunderlich, dass die Regulierungsqualität in einem der Rechtsstaatlichkeit verpflichteten Land wie Deutschland mit seiner traditionell bewährten Verwaltung eines der zentralen Ziele ist. Regulierungsreformen, die auf diesen traditionellen Stärken aufbauen, können die Funktionsweise der Märkte verbessern helfen. Die Bundesregierung hat in jüngster Zeit ein breites Spektrum von Reformen, darunter die „Agenda 2010", mit dem Ziel eingeleitet, die Beschäftigung zu erhöhen, die öffentlichen Ausgaben zu reduzieren und die mit der raschen demographischen Alterung verbundenen Probleme zu meistern. Neben Arbeitsmarktreformen steht die Einführung von mehr Wettbewerb auf wichtigen Produktmärkten, so z.B. im Einzelhandel und im Handwerk, auf dem Programm. Bei der Öffnung der Infrastrukturmärkte müssen ebenfalls noch erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt werden. Der vorliegende Bericht plädiert für eine Anpassung des traditionellen Ordnungsrahmens an die neuen Gegebenheiten, damit die erforderlichen Umstellungen zügiger, zu möglichst geringen Kosten für die Volkswirtschaft sowie unter Einbeziehung aller wichtigen Akteure realisiert werden können. Eine bessere Aufklärung über Reformziele und -nutzen wird dazu beitragen, die Dynamik des Reformprozesses aufrechtzuerhalten und die Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung zu sichern. Deutschland hat ebenso wie viele andere OECD-Länder eine umfassende Prüfung seiner Regulierungspolitik und -reformen durch die OECD beantragt. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt unter Berücksichtigung des makroökonomischen Kontextes einen Überblick über Erfolge und Herausforderungen der Regulierungsreform, namentlich in den Bereichen Regulierungsqualität, Wettbewerbspolitik und Marktöffnung. Das besondere Augenmerk gilt dabei den Fortschritten bei der Regulierung der Strom-, Gas-, Pharmazeutik- und Telekommunikationsmärkte. In derselben Reihe sind erschienen (in Englisch und Französisch): Regulatory Reform in Canada Regulatory Reform in the Czech Republic Regulatory Reform in Denmark Regulatory Reform in Finland Regulatory Reform in France Regulatory Reform in Greece Regulatory Reform in Hungary Regulatory Reform in Ireland Regulatory Reform in Italy Regulatory Reform in Japan Regulatory Reform in Korea Regulatory Reform in Mexico Regulatory Reform in the Netherlands Regulatory Reform in Norway Regulatory Reform in Poland Regulatory Reform in Spain Regulatory Reform in Turkey Regulatory Reform in the United Kingdom Regulatory Reform in the United States Diese Prüfberichte knüpfen an den OECD Report on Regulatory Reform: Synthesis (1997) und den ergänzenden zweibändigen Bericht OECD Report on Regulatory Reform: Sectoral and Thematic Studies (1997) an.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016125-de
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  • 84
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    Science and Technology Statistical Compendium 2004 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Compendium statistique 2004 de la science et de la technologie
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The S&T Statistical Compendium 2004 was prepared for the January 2004 meeting of the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) at Ministerial level and mainly draws on databases, indicators and methodology developed by the CSTP’s Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) Working Party, and compiled by the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI). It presents a wide selection of the most policy-relevant and internationally comparable indicators currently available in the field of science and technology. The document looks at the state of science and technology in the OECD across four broad dimensions:• Section A: Innovation and R&D.• Section B: Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST).• Section C: Patents.• Section D: Other areas (ICT, globalisation, industrial structure).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026186-en
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  • 85
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    Test No. 111: Hydrolysis as a Function of pH (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264069701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111; Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 111: Hydrolyse en fonction du pH
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a laboratory test method to assess abiotic hydrolytic transformations of chemicals in aquatic systems at pH values normally found in the environment (pH 4 – 9). This Guideline is designed as a tiered approach; each tier is triggered by the results of the previous tier.Sterile aqueous buffer solutions of different pH values (pH 4, 7 and 9) are treated with the non-labelled or labelled test substance (only one concentration, which should not exceed 0.01 M or half of the saturation concentration). They are incubated in the dark under controlled laboratory conditions (at constant temperatures). After appropriate time intervals, buffer solutions are analysed for the test substance and for hydrolysis products. The preliminary test should be carried out for 5 days at 50 ± 0.5°C and pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The second tier consists of the hydrolysis of unstable substances, and the third tier is the identification of hydrolysis products. The higher Tier tests should be conducted until 90 % hydrolysis of the test substance is observed or for 30 days whichever comes first.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264069701-en
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  • 86
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    The Development of Broadband Access in Rural and Remote Areas (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The report reviews progress on the availability of broadband access across the OECD area. It particularly focuses on benchmarking digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem expansion and availability, as well as the emergence of broadband wireless as a platform to provide low-cost high-performance access networks in rural and remote areas. The paper finds that DSL availability is proceeding apace, with around three-quarters of existing subscriber lines being able to provide service by 2003. Cable networks pass 58% of households with just under three-quarters of those networks having been upgraded for broadband access. The paper also explores the increasing capabilities of wireless...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032989-en
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  • 87
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    Governance im 21. Jahrhundert (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264589360
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance in the 21st Century
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gouvernance au XXIe siècle
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Governance in the 21st Century (Korean version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Mit dem Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts stehen weitere dramatische Umwälzungen in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft an der Tagesordnung. Das zunehmende Zusammenwachsen internationaler Märkte, die Einführung grundlegend neuer Technologien sowie eine sich verstärkende Wissensintensität menschlicher Tätigkeit deuten auf eine außerordentlich komplexe Welt von morgen. Aber wer soll diese Entwicklungen steuern? Und in welche Bahnen sollen sie gelenkt werden? Welche organisatorischen und institutionellen Voraussetzungen und welche Entscheidungsstrukturen und -prozesse werden auf lokaler, nationaler und globaler Ebene benötigt, um diesen Herausforderungen begegnen zu können?Diese Veröffentlichung untersucht die Chancen und Risiken wirtschaftlicher, gesellschaftlicher und technologischer Natur, denen sich die Entscheidungsträger in den kommenden Jahren zu stellen haben werden, und erforscht die Grundlagen, die es der Gesellschaft erlauben, die Zukunft flexibler und mit der Teilnahme aller gesellschaftlichen Kräfte zu gestalten.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264589360-de
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  • 88
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    Bildungs- und Berufsberatung : Bessere Verzahnung mit der öffentlichen Politik (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015838
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance and Public Policy; Bridging the Gap
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique ; comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas ; Cómo acortar distancias
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Career Guidance and Public Policy: Bridging the Gap
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientation professionnelle et politique publique : comment combler l'écart
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Orientación profesional y políticas públicas : Cómo acortar distancias
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Die OECD-Länder messen dem lebenslangen Lernen und der aktiven Beschäftigungspolitik als Instrumente zur Förderung von Wirtschaftswachstum und sozialer Gerechtigkeit zunehmende Bedeutung bei. Effektive Informations- und Beratungssysteme sind wesentliche Grundlagen für die Umsetzung dieser Maßnahmen, und alle Bürger müssen sich die notwendigen Kompetenzen aneignen, um ihre eigene berufliche Laufbahn steuern zu können. Zwischen diesen Politikzielen und den Kapazitäten der nationalen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungssysteme besteht aber noch eine große Kluft. So ist der Zugang zu Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdiensten, vor allem für Erwachsene, begrenzt. Statt ihren Kunden die Fähigkeit zu vermitteln, ihre berufliche Entwicklung selbst in die Hand zu nehmen, konzentrieren sich die Beratungsstellen zu oft auf gerade anstehende Fragen und Entscheidungen. Ferner sind die Ausbildungs- und Qualifikationssysteme für die Anbieter der Beratungsdienste häufig unzureichend und unangemessen. Die Koordinierung zwischen den wichtigsten Ministerien und den übrigen Beteiligten lässt viel zu wünschen übrig. Die politischen Entscheidungsträger verfügen nicht über hinreichende Daten- und Erfahrungsgrundlagen, um die Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdienste sachgerecht steuern zu können, wobei es an Daten sowohl zu Kosten und Nutzen als auch zu Kundenmerkmalen und Ergebnissen mangelt. Und was das konkrete Angebot an Beratungsdiensten betrifft, so wird zu wenig Gebrauch gemacht von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) und anderen kosteneffektiven Mitteln, um flexibler auf die Kundenbedürfnisse eingehen zu können. Ausgehend von einer in 14 OECD-Ländern durchgeführten Prüfung wird in dieser Veröffentlichung untersucht, wie die Kluft zwischen Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdiensten einerseits und öffentlicher Politik andererseits verringert werden könnte. Es wird dafür plädiert, die Koordinierung auf nationaler Ebene zu verbessern und sich verstärkt um Forschung und Datenerfassung zu bemühen, um die politischen Entscheidungsträger mit hinreichenden Informationen versorgen zu können. In dem Bericht werden ferner bessere, fachspezifischere Ausbildungsprogramme für die Praktiker der Bildungs- und Berufsberatung sowie die Einrichtung stärker spezialisierter Einrichtungen für Bildungs- und Berufsberatungsdienste empfohlen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015838-de
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  • 89
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    Directrices de la OCDE para la seguridad de sistemas y redes de información : Hacia una cultura de seguridad (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065819
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks; Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen; Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione; Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD;s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät; På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Richtlinien für die Sicherheit von Informationssystemen und -Netzen: Auf dem Weg zu einer Sicherheitskultur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linee guida dell'OCSE sulla sicurezza dei sistemi e delle reti d'informazione: Verso una cultura della sicurezza
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD:s riktlinjer för säkerheten i informationssystem och nät: På väg mot en säkerhetskultur
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065819-es
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  • 90
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    Measuring Knowledge Management in the Business Sector : First Steps (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264100282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Knowledge management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial; premiers résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la gestion des connaissances dans le secteur commercial: premiers résultats
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Knowledge management involves any activity related to the capture, use and sharing of knowledge by an organisation. Evidence shows that these practices are being used more and more frequently and that their impact on innovation and other aspects of corporate performance is far from negligible. Today, there is a recognition of the need to understand and to measure the activity of knowledge management so that organisations can be more efficient and governments can develop policies to promote these benefits. This book offers a synthetic view of the results of the first systematic international survey on knowledge management carried out by national statistical offices in Canada, Denmark, France and Germany.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264100282-en
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  • 91
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    Strategy selection for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities : seminar proceedings, Tarragona, Spain, 1 - 4 September 2003 (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264016724
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Strategy selection for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016729-en
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  • 92
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    Debris impact on emergency coolant recirculation : workshop proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, United States, 25 - 27 February 2004; a joint report by the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264006672 , 9789264006676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear Safety
    Series Statement: Nuclear safety
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Debris impact on emergency coolant recirculation
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006676-en
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  • 93
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    The regulatory control of radioactive waste management : overview of 15 NEA member countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264106529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The regulatory control of radioactive waste management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le contrôle réglementaire de la gestion des déchets radioactifs : panorama de 15 pays membres de l'AEN
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264106529-en
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  • 94
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    Towards high performing health systems (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264015566
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The OECD Health Project
    Series Statement: The OECD health project
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Docteur, Elizabeth; Towards high performing health systems
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Docteur, Elizabeth; Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers des systèmes de santé plus performants
    Keywords: OECD ; Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Internationaler Vergleich
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015562-en
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  • 95
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    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Germany 2004 : Consolidating Economic and Social Renewal (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Allemagne 2004 ; consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform; Deutschland; Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Allemagne 2004 : consolider le renouveau économique et social
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Regulierungsreform: Deutschland: Konsolidierung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Erneuerung
    Keywords: Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: This report argues for adjustments to regulatory governance traditions so that necessary changes can take place more quickly, at least cost to the economy and with the participation of all relevant stakeholders.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264107861-en
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  • 96
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    Insurance in the Baltic countries (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264021086
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Issues in Insurance no.7
    Series Statement: Emerging economies transition
    Series Statement: Policy issues in insurance
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Insurance in the Baltic countries
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264021082-en
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  • 97
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    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Japan 2004 : Progress in Implementing Regulatory Reform (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264017177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (112 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Japon 2004 ; Progrès dans la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Japon 2004 : Progrès dans la mise en œuvre de la réforme de la réglementation
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: Regulatory Reform in Japan was among the first in a series of in-depth country reviews on regulatory reform. Since 1999, when the review was published, the Japanese government has introduced a number of measures to enhance regulatory quality and to promote regulatory reform, competition policy and market openness. This publication assesses the progress made, identifies some of the lessons that can be learned about the implementation process and indicates what more can be done in light of current challenges. The monitoring exercise covers the core issues of capacity for regulatory quality, competition and market openness. This study updates information about competition policy in Japan, and such trade-related matters as internationally harmonised measures and conformity assessment processes. It calls attention to the linkages between regulatory policies and tools, and the application of competition and market-openness principles. Innovative efforts, such as the Special Zones initiative, also receive attention. The overall concern is how further progress on regulatory reform can enhance Japan’s growth potential. The report brings out many of the lessons of implementation, which take account of the specificities of the Japanese context, but can be of wider value in other countries as well. What began in the 1990s as an effort to remove regulatory barriers is gaining momentum. Regulatory reform is a dynamic process aimed at improving regulatory tools and institutions, reassessing existing regulations in light of current economic and social developments, and assessing the impact of new regulations while they are in preparation. These tasks call for a whole-of-government approach, which is one of the main challenges for Japan’s next three-year Programme for Regulatory Reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264017177-en
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  • 98
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    Development of Third-Generation Mobile Services in the OECD (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.85
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper analyses the development of third-generation mobile services (3G) in OECD countries. A brief description of the definition of 3G and its migration path is followed by an analysis of the benefits and shortcomings of 3G services. The paper further examines regulatory issues raised by 3G development and recent market developments including pricing issues. Finally, the paper undertakes a comparative analysis of 3G with wireless LANs and other alternative wireless technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/232562017400
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  • 99
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    The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework (Japanese version) : Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills (2004)
    Tokyo : National Institute for Educational Policy Research
    Details
    ISBN: 9784324074077
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework; Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 ; connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 ; Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework: Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cadre d'évaluation de PISA 2003 : connaissances et compétences en mathématiques, lecture, science et résolution de problèmes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Marcos teóricos de PISA 2003 : Conocimientos y destrezas en Matemáticas, Lectura, Ciencias y Solución de problemas
    Keywords: Education
    DOI: 10.1787/9784324074077-ja
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    Test No. 312: Leaching in Soil Columns (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264070561
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 312; Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 312: Lixiviation sur des colonnes de sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The method described in this Test Guideline is based on soil column chromatography in disturbed soil. Two types of experiments are performed to determine (i) the leaching potential of the test substance, and (ii) the leaching potential of transformation products in soils under controlled laboratory conditions. At least duplicate leaching columns are packed with untreated, air-dried and sieved soil (〈 2 mm) up to a height of approximately 30 cm. Afterwards they are saturated and equilibrated with an “artificial rain” solution and allowed to drain. Then the surface of each soil column is treated with the test substance (non-volatile in water and soil) and/or with aged residues of the test substance. Artificial rain is applied to the soil columns and the leachate is collected. After the leaching process the soil is removed from the columns and is sectioned into an appropriate number of segments depending on the information required from the study. A reference substance (atrazine or monuron) should be used in the leaching experiments. For each soil segment and leachate fraction, the amounts of test substance, transformation products, non-extractables and, if included, of the reference substance should be given in % of applied initial dose.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264070561-en
    URL: Volltext
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