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  • OECD  (741)
  • Wise, Michael
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (755)
  • Economics  (755)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examen des politiques de transformation économique : Gros plan sur l'internationalisation de la Guadeloupe (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264333956 , 9789264434745 , 9789264756182
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les voies de développement
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Production Transformation Policy Review: Spotlight on Guadeloupe's Internationalisation
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Située dans la mer des Caraïbes, la Guadeloupe est un département français d'outre-mer et une région européenne ultrapériphérique. Dans la série des examens des politiques de transformation économique, ce rapport examine les opportunités et les défis de cette région qui cherche une voie de développement économique plus durable. Il identifie des actions prioritaires dans plusieurs domaines, notamment la bioéconomie et l'économie circulaire, les secteurs créatifs et les énergies renouvelables. Ce Gros plan enrichit notre compréhension de la diversité des voies de développement, y compris celles des petits États insulaires en développement (PEID). Il est le fruit d'un vaste processus d'examen par les pairs auquel ont participé des acteurs publics et privés de Colombie, des pays des Caraïbes et d'autres régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ba34e4a-fr
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Addressing Inequality in Budgeting : Lessons from Recent Country Experience (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea80d61d-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breaking the Vicious Circles of Informal Employment and Low-Paying Work (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
    DOI: 10.1787/f95c5a74-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc : De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4312bd3-fr
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Handbook on the Compilation of Household Distributional Results on Income, Consumption and Saving in Line with National Accounts Totals (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
    DOI: 10.1787/5a3b9119-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recovering lost learning opportunities in Ukraine: Key education policy strategies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: School destructions, population displacement or school closures mean that children in Ukraine have experienced varied disruptions in their education experience. Interventions that seek to reduce the variation in student learning levels need to accompany efforts to resume learning and deliver high-quality education for all. This brief puts the focus on academic interventions Ukraine could introduce to support learning recovery. It first examines strategies for assessing students’ skill levels and identifying potential learning losses in the current context. It then focuses on academic strategies the Ministry of Education can implement in the short and medium-term to help students recover lost learning opportunities, including adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, adapting the time of instruction, providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. The brief concludes by putting forward a range of policy responses that can enhance the long-term effectiveness of learning recovery strategies in Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/c10085eb-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future of Rural Manufacturing (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264572225 , 9789264361850 , 9789264433472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Ländliche Industrie ; Slowenien ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Frankreich ; Ländlicher Raum ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Abstract: The Future of Rural Manufacturing provides insights on the transformations that have occurred in manufacturing across rural regions in recent decades. It describes opportunities and challenges in this context, highlighting those relating to climate and demographic change and digitalisation, as well as shifting patterns in globalisation. With support from the European Commission, the project combines a wide range of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The former examines broad trends in manufacturing performance across OECD rural (TL3) regions between 2000 and 2019, with deeper dives that draw on more granular microdata in 14 OECD countries. Case studies were conducted across 12 regions in Slovenia, Germany, Italy, and France. They comprised interviews with over 300 local, regional, and national actors across government, private sector, universities, research institutes, NGOs and non-profit community organisations. The project also benefited from foresight and futures workshops conducted in January and July 2022 with experts and policymakers across OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/e065530c-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tableau de bord de l'OCDE sur le financement des PME et des entrepreneurs : Faits saillants 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les Faits saillants 2023 du Tableau de bord sur le financement des PME et des entrepreneurs rendent compte des tendances, des conditions et des évolutions des politiques publiques en matière de financement des PME et des entrepreneurs. Le rapport propose des données officielles sur le financement des PME dans près de 50 pays, et notamment des indicateurs relatifs aux conditions de financement et au financement par l'endettement, par apport de capitaux propres ou par nantissement d'actifs. Les données au titre de l'année 2021 sont complétées par les informations disponibles pour 2022, ainsi que par des informations sur la demande et par les récentes initiatives publiques et privées en faveur du financement des PME. Il en ressort que la plupart des économies montrent des signes d'une reprise dynamique suite à la pandémie de COVID-19 de 2021. Les données pour l'année 2022 révèlent toutefois une dégradation de certains indicateurs du financement des PME, en raison d'un fort niveau d'inflation et de la hausse des taux d'intérêt, aggravés par la guerre menée par la Russie contre l'Ukraine. Ces facteurs pèsent sur l'accessibilité et le coût du financement des PME par l'emprunt, laissant présager un ralentissement des financements. De la même manière, le financement par apport de capitaux propres a enregistré un net recul en 2022. Dans ce contexte, les pouvoirs publics devraient continuer de promouvoir la diversification des instruments et des sources de financement des PME et leur permettre ainsi de renforcer leur résilience et d'engager des investissements essentiels, notamment dans les transitions numérique et verte.
    DOI: 10.1787/e3156420-fr
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE, Rapporto intermedio, settembre 2023 : Far fronte a un'inflazione elevata e a una crescita debole (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264875104 , 9789264547612 , 9789264489530
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report September 2023: Confronting Inflation and Low Growth
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Rapport intermédiaire, septembre 2023 : Faire face à une inflation élevée et une croissance faible
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le prospettive globali a breve termine sono caratterizzate dagli effetti sempre più visibili dell'inasprimento della politica monetaria attuato dalla maggior parte delle principali banche centrali, nonché dalle tensioni riscontrate nell'economia cinese. Per il periodo 2023-24, si prevede che la crescita globale rallenti, mantenendosi al di sotto della tendenza, e che l'inflazione sia più contenuta, pur rimanendo al di sopra dell'obiettivo. Tra i principali rischi al ribasso figurano la possibilità di un rallentamento più marcato del previsto in Cina e di un continuo rincaro dei prezzi del petrolio. Il rapporto intermedio afferma che la politica monetaria dovrebbe continuare a concentrarsi sul riallineamento dell'inflazione all'obiettivo e sottolinea la necessità di maggiori sforzi da parte dei governi per ripristinare i margini di bilancio e rispondere alle sfide future, compresa la transizione climatica. Occorre rilanciare gli sforzi di politica strutturale per rafforzare le prospettive, attribuendo priorità al rinvigorimento del commercio globale. Il Rapporto intermedio fornisce un aggiornamento delle valutazioni riportate nell'edizione di giugno 2023 delle Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE (numero 113).
    DOI: 10.1787/25e2a726-it
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SMEs in the era of hybrid retail : Evidence from an OECD D4SME survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.41
    Keywords: KMU ; Einzelhandel ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Digitalisation has triggered a profound transformation of the retail sector, primarily composed of SMEs. While retail businesses are embracing more hybrid practices of managing online and brick-and-mortar channels, getting more traditional SME retailers fit for the hybrid era could open up new opportunities, with far reaching implications on the local economy. Through a novel survey conducted in six OECD countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Spain) in co-operation with e-commerce platforms, this report provides new insights to better understand retail SMEs’ perceived advantages and challenges of operating online sales through these platforms, with a particular spotlight on hybrid SME retailers.
    DOI: 10.1787/882f30b0-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remédier aux possibilités d'apprentissage perdues en Ukraine :les stratégies clés en matière de politique de l'éducation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l'OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Recovering lost learning opportunities in Ukraine: Key education policy strategies
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Les destructions d'écoles, les déplacements de population ou les fermetures d'écoles signifient que les enfants en Ukraine ont connu diverses perturbations dans leur expérience éducative. Les interventions visant à réduire les variations des niveaux d'apprentissage des élèves doivent accompagner les efforts de reprise de l'apprentissage et de fourniture d'une éducation de haute qualité pour tous. Cette note met l'accent sur les interventions académiques que l'Ukraine pourrait mettre en place pour soutenir la reprise de l'apprentissage. Elle examine tout d'abord les stratégies d'évaluation des niveaux de compétences des élèves et d'identification des pertes d'apprentissage potentielles dans le contexte actuel. Elle se concentre ensuite sur les stratégies académiques que le ministère de l'éducation peut mettre en œuvre à court et à moyen terme pour aider les élèves à récupérer les opportunités d'apprentissage perdues, notamment en adaptant les stratégies d'instruction et les pédagogies aux besoins individuels, en adaptant le temps d'instruction, en assurant la flexibilité des programmes et en permettant des parcours d'apprentissage fluides au sein du système scolaire. La note conclut en proposant une série de réponses politiques susceptibles d'améliorer l'efficacité à long terme des stratégies de reprise de l'apprentissage en Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/eea81bd9-fr
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Production Transformation Policy Review : Spotlight on Guadeloupe's Internationalisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264979000 , 9789264390928 , 9789264848375
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Kleine Inselentwicklungsländer ; Guadeloupe ; Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Located in the Caribbean Sea, Guadeloupe is a French Overseas Department and a European Outermost Region in search of a more sustainable economic development pathway. In support of that endeavour, this Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR) Spotlight looks at the region's opportunities and challenges, identifying priority actions in several areas, including the bio- and circular economy, creative sectors and renewable energies. The Spotlight enriches our understanding of the diversity of development pathways, including those of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It is the result of an extensive peer-review process involving public and private stakeholders from Colombia, Caribbean countries and other EU outermost regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac8c5b0d-en
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  • 13
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Perú 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264375505
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Peru 2023
    Keywords: Economics ; Peru
    Abstract: El sólido marco macroeconómico de Perú ha impulsado un crecimiento económico sustancial y la reducción de la pobreza en las últimas dos décadas. Si bien la economía se recuperó rápidamente de la pandemia, esta reveló debilidades estructurales, como la alta informalidad y marcadas disparidades regionales en el acceso a servicios públicos. Más recientemente, el crecimiento se ha desacelerado y la inflación sigue siendo alta aunque está disminuyendo. Mirando hacia el futuro, los principales desafíos para aumentar la productividad y la inversión incluyen fortalecer la competencia, mejorar el marco regulatorio, diversificar las exportaciones y mejorar la infraestructura. Mejoras en la gobernanza y el estado de derecho son pilares esenciales para lograr un crecimiento sostenible a largo plazo y la cohesión social. Expandir el acceso a una educación de calidad, reducir las contribuciones sociales, especialmente para los trabajadores de bajos ingresos, y proporcionar un nivel básico de protección social universal para todos los trabajadores, formales e informales por igual, ayudaría a reducir la amplia informalidad y las desigualdades. Esto requerirá aumentar los ingresos tributarios y mejorar la eficiencia del gasto. Los desafíos y riesgos ambientales son importantes, pero también ofrecen oportunidades significativas para el futuro. Para abordar los desafíos ambientales, Perú necesita frenar la deforestación y aprovechar su potencial de energía renovable para reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles. CARACTERÍSTICAS ESPECIALES: AUMENTAR LA PRODUCTIVIDAD, AMPLIAR LA PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL, REDUCIR LA INFORMALIDAD LABORAL
    DOI: 10.1787/f67c8432-es
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  • 14
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    Did COVID-19 accelerate the green transition? : An international assessment of fiscal spending measures to support low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Briefs no.1
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Stimulus packages adopted following the COVID-19 pandemic – such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and NextGenerationEU - have been presented as an opportunity to "build back better" and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy while re-igniting the economy. But this revival of industrial policy has also raised concerns about the potential for a global green subsidy war. OECD analysed funding measures worth USD 1.3 trillion announced around the world in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures can trigger substantial greenhouse gas emissions reductions while boosting the growth of the clean tech sector in all regions and reducing dependence over fossil fuel imports. This policy brief summarises key findings from our analysis and offers additional recommendations to policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/29bd5a72-en
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  • 15
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    SME policy responses to the 2022/2023 energy crisis : Policy highlights and country experiences (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.43
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper takes stock of one year of policy responses to the 2022/2023 energy crisis triggered by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In this paper, "SME policy responses" are defined as all government policies, whether SME-specific or not, which have lowered or affected in other way the price of electricity and natural gas paid by SMEs. The paper discusses three broad policy categories and related approaches implemented across countries: price-support measures; income-support measures; and complementary policies fostering the green transition. Overall, while emergency measures were initially centred on energy-intensive sectors, a larger number of SMEs was eventually covered as governments ramped up the scale and scope of their action due to the protraction of the Russian war in Ukraine. Going forward, as wholesale energy prices return to pre-war levels, price-support measures should be withdrawn. Income support could be used in some cases to help companies deal with still high retail energy prices, but the main policy focus should shift towards measures that improve the energy efficiency and environmental performance of SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/80012fbd-en
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  • 16
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    Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d615c8d-en
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  • 17
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    OECD Best Practices for Gender Budgeting (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents best practices for gender budgeting in OECD countries, consisting of the core features common to successful implementation of gender budgeting. These best practices identify elements that contribute to the sustainability of gender budgeting and help governments ensure that the budget helps achieve broader government objectives relating to gender equality, such as women’s participation in the labour market. The best practices draw on gender budgeting practices in Member countries and the OECD’s work with countries in designing and implementing gender budgeting.
    DOI: 10.1787/9574ed6f-en
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  • 18
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    The intergovernmental fiscal outlook and the implications of Russia’s war against Ukraine, high energy prices and inflation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.42
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Geldpolitik ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Länderfinanzen ; Kriegsfolgen ; Energiepreis ; Inflation ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Less than two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s illegal, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of aggression against Ukraine has triggered the biggest military confrontation in Europe since World War II. Many OECD countries have reacted to Russia’s aggression by providing military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine and by imposing economic sanctions on Russia, which has accentuated supply chain disruptions, especially in the energy sector. A combination of these supply shocks with a demand shock caused by expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to tackle the pandemic has created inflationary pressures on a scale not seen in decades. Central banks around the world are acting to fulfil their price stability mandates by increasing interest rates and by engaging in quantitative tightening (primarily the selling of government bonds to reduce central bank balance sheets), all of which put pressure on borrowing costs at a time when governments are engaging in expansionary fiscal policy to alleviate the impact of inflation. The objective of this policy note is to examine the main consequences of this challenging environment for the fiscal stance of different levels of governments. These include the weakening outlook for government revenues in times of high expenditure pressures from a more rapid energy transition as well as high borrowing costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/3623ab61-en
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  • 19
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    Bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Best Practices for Gender Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Ce document présente les bonnes pratiques en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays de l'OCDE, qui regroupent les éléments essentiels communs nécessaires à une mise en œuvre réussie d’une budgétisation sensible au genre. Ces bonnes pratiques identifient les éléments qui contribuent à la durabilité de la budgétisation sensible au genre et aident les gouvernements à s'assurer que le budget participe à la réalisation d'objectifs plus larges liés à l'égalité des genres, tels que la participation des femmes au marché du travail. Les bonnes pratiques s'inspirent des pratiques de budgétisation sensible au genre dans les pays membres de l’OCDE ainsi que des travaux menés avec les pays pour la conception et la mise en œuvre de la budgétisation sensible au genre.
    DOI: 10.1787/78a7e5f7-fr
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  • 20
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    Confronting the energy crisis: Changing behaviours to reduce energy consumption (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Energiekonsum ; Energieversorgung ; Energiepolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics
    Abstract: The current energy crisis calls for energy saving measures to accompany long-term technical and structural solutions. However, a range of barriers makes it hard for consumers to change their energy consumption. Changing behaviour is the result not only of responses to prices but also of expectations, habits, and biases. Policy makers should factor in these behavioural aspects when designing energy saving measures. The choice of message that policymakers send to consumers, how and when the information is provided to households and through which channels can make a difference in changing consumption behaviours. Moreover, it is crucial that the right incentives and policies are in place to ensure that behavioural changes can effectively take place. The effectiveness of energy saving measures should also be monitored to gauge evolutions in behaviours and identify solutions to behavioural barriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/5664e8a9-en
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  • 21
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    Báo cáo Kinh tế của OECD: Việt Nam 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264690875 , 9789264759114 , 9789264574960
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (149 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Viet Nam 2023
    Keywords: Economics ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Việt Nam đã đạt được tiến bộ kinh tế đáng kể trong những thập niên vừa qua, duy trì tốc độ tăng trưởng kinh tế cao. Nền kinh tế cũng chứng tỏ khả năng chống chịu trước các cú sốc, gồm cả đại dịch COVID-19. Những cải cách sâu rộng và liên tục kể từ cuối thập niên 1980 đóng vai trò then chốt trong thành tựu kinh tế này. Tuy nhiên, với những thách thức to lớn phía trước, Việt Nam cần nỗ lực hơn nữa để thúc đẩy những cải cách cơ cấu giúp tăng cường mạnh mẽ các lực lượng thị trường. Dân số đang già hóa nhanh, nên tăng năng suất là một ưu tiên cấp thiết. Điều này sẽ đòi hỏi cải cách nhiều hơn để giảm sự can thiệp của nhà nước, đặc biệt trong những lĩnh vực mạng lưới như viễn thông, và bảo đảm một sân chơi bình đẳng giữa tất cả các doanh nghiệp. Hội nhập thương mại sâu sắc hơn cũng hết sức quan trọng để tăng cường các chuỗi cung ứng trong bối cảnh kinh tế toàn cầu đang thay đổi. Dù đã tăng cường áp dụng kỹ thuật số, Việt Nam cần nâng cao kỹ năng của người lao động thông qua đào tạo nghề và giáo dục cho người trưởng thành. Cam kết đạt mức phát thải ròng bằng không vào năm 2050 đòi hỏi những thay đổi mạnh mẽ trong hệ thống kinh tế. Để giảm phụ thuộc vào nhiên liệu hóa thạch, cần phải chấm dứt đầu tư mới cho các nhà máy nhiệt điện than và đẩy nhanh việc thiết lập thị trường các-bon. Do những cải cách này sẽ đòi hỏi thêm nguồn lực tài khóa, cần mở rộng cơ sở thuế để tăng nguồn thu cho chính phủ. ĐẶC ĐIỂM NỔI BẬT: QUY ĐỊNH THỊ TRƯỜNG SẢN PHẨM; SỐ HÓA; TĂNG TRƯỞNG XANH
    DOI: 10.1787/7f5fe56b-vi
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  • 22
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    Responsible business conduct implications of Russia's invasion of Ukraine (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility ; Unternehmenspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Russland ; Economics
    Abstract: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has had devastating impacts on the people of Ukraine. The consequences stemming from the war have imperilled the world's economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and are reshaping and disrupting global supply chains, with ramifications for food security, energy, and other critical sectors. The war has also put a spotlight on the role of businesses operating in the region, facing heightened challenges in maintaining responsible business conduct (RBC) in high-risk settings. In this highly dynamic context, businesses should consider risks of being linked or contributing to adverse impacts on people, planet and society via their operations or business relationships. This note takes stock of how Russia’s war against Ukraine has had an impact on and shaped considerations for RBC.
    DOI: 10.1787/f222a4d1-en
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  • 23
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    Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique : La cybersécurité pour la prospérité (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Le Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique aborde la dimension économique et sociale de la cybersécurité, souligne l'approche de l'OCDE en matière de politiques publiques de sécurité numérique, et permet aux décideurs d'utiliser les Recommandations de l'OCDE dans ce domaine. Le Cadre identifie également les liens entre les normes de sécurité numérique et d'autres normes et outils de l'OCDE. L'OCDE est à l'avant-garde des efforts internationaux pour guider les décideurs dans le domaine des politiques publiques de sécurité numérique depuis 1990. L'OCDE est devenue la première instance internationale normalisatrice dans ce domaine. Les Recommandations de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique soutiennent les parties prenantes dans l'élaboration de politiques visant la prospérité économique et sociale, en accord avec la mission de l'OCDE d'aider les gouvernements à élaborer des "politiques meilleures pour des vies meilleures".
    DOI: 10.1787/a0517600-fr
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  • 24
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    Études économiques de l'OCDE : Costa Rica 2023 (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264432062 , 9789264426917 , 9789264661684
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Costa Rica 2023
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Costa Rica 2023
    Keywords: Economics ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Le Costa Rica s'est bien remis de la récession provoquée par la pandémie. La performance soutenue et résiliente des exportations continue de soutenir la croissance, tandis que la consommation est entravée par une inflation et un chômage élevés. La situation budgétaire s'est améliorée mais reste difficile, nécessitant des efforts soutenus pour contenir les dépenses et renforcer l'efficacité du secteur public pendant plusieurs années. Le maintien et le renforcement de l'engagement en faveur des investissements directs étrangers et du commerce extérieur, qui ont été essentiels pour diversifier le panier d'exportations, et l'amélioration des conditions permettant aux entreprises nationales de prospérer sont des défis majeurs pour améliorer le niveau de vie et la création d'emplois formels. Il faudrait pour cela alléger le fardeau réglementaire, améliorer le panier fiscal, encourager la concurrence sur les principaux marchés et de poursuivre les efforts de décarbonisation et de protection de l'environnement. Le soutien à une plus forte participation des femmes au marché du travail et l'amélioration de la protection sociale permettront de s'adapter aux changements démographiques en cours et de favoriser l'égalité des chances. L'éducation et la formation sont une priorité pour le Costa Rica, qui leur consacre une part de dépenses parmi les plus élevées des pays de l'OCDE. Cependant, les résultats scolaires restent médiocres et les entreprises peinent à pourvoir leurs postes vacants, en particulier les postes techniques et scientifiques. Améliorer l'efficacité et la qualité des dépenses publiques dans l'éducation est nécessaire pour mieux soutenir la croissance et l'équité. CHAPITRES SPÉCIAUX : ÉDUCATION ET FORMATION ; COMPÉTENCES
    DOI: 10.1787/36c4db42-fr
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    OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The "OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights" document SME and entrepreneurship financing trends, conditions and policy developments. The report provides official data on SME financing in close to 50 countries, including indicators on debt, equity, asset-based finance and financing conditions. Data for 2021 are complemented by available information for 2022, along with demand-side information and recent developments in public policy and private initiatives to support SME finance. Findings reveal that most economies showed the beginnings of a dynamic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis in 2021. However, data available for 2022 point to a deterioration in a number of SME finance indicators, due to high inflation and rising interest rates, exacerbated by the effects of Russia's war against Ukraine. These factors are impacting the accessibility and cost of debt finance for SMEs, and foreshadow a slowdown in lending. Likewise, equity finance showed a significant decline in 2022. In this context, governments should continue to foster the diversification of SME financing instruments and channels to enable them to build resilience and undertake crucial investments, such as those in digitalisation and greening.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d13e55-en
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  • 26
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    OECD Best Practices for Parliaments in Budgeting (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Legislatures’ “power of the purse”, the ability to tax and spend public money, is enshrined in constitutions worldwide as a cornerstone of legislative power in democratic countries. Their role across the budget cycle is a fundamentally important national concern, lying at the heart of issues such as transparency, inclusiveness and democratic accountability. Despite different historical, constitutional, and political contexts, common features for parliaments to play an effective role in budgeting have emerged from experiences across OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/33109e15-en
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  • 27
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Costa Rica 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264469068 , 9789264795426 , 9789264789609
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Costa Rica 2023
    Keywords: Economics ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Costa Rica se recuperó bien de la recesión causada por la pandemia. El desempeño sostenido y resiliente de las exportaciones continúa favoreciendo el crecimiento, mientras que el consumo se ve obstaculizado por la alta inflación y el desempleo. La situación fiscal mejoró, pero continúa siendo desafiante, por lo que es necesario continuar haciendo esfuerzos para contener el gasto y aumentar la eficiencia del sector público durante varios años. Mantener y reforzar la apuesta por la inversión extranjera directa y el comercio, que ha sido clave para diversificar la canasta de las exportaciones, y mejorar las condiciones para que las empresas nacionales prosperen son desafíos importantes para mejorar los niveles de vida y la generación de empleo formal. Esto requeriría reducir la carga regulatoria, mejorar la combinación de impuestos, fomentar una mayor competencia en mercados clave y continuar los esfuerzos para lograr la descarbonización y protección del medio ambiente. Promover una mayor participación laboral femenina y mejorar la protección social ayudarán a una mejor adaptación a los cambios demográficos continuos y a mejorar la igualdad de oportunidades. La educación y la formación son una prioridad importante para Costa Rica, que les dedica una de las proporciones de gasto más altas entre los países de la OCDE. Sin embargo, los resultados educativos no son satisfactorios y las empresas tienen dificultades para llenar las vacantes, en especial en puestos técnicos y científicos. Se precisa mejorar la eficiencia y la calidad del gasto público en educación para favorecer más el crecimiento y la equidad. CAPÍTULO ESPECIAL: EDUCACIÓN AND FORMACIÓN, HABILIDADES
    DOI: 10.1787/09d84187-es
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    Supporting persons with disabilities in entrepreneurship : Ensuring inclusion in a post COVID-19 economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.37
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This policy brief, prepared by the OECD and European Commission, explores the potential of entrepreneurship policy to support the labour market participation of people with disabilities. Disabilities vary widely in type, severity, stability, duration and time of onset, and these characteristics influence individual capacities and willingness to be active in the labour market. Self-employment can be appropriate for some in this population because it can provide more flexibility than paid employment in terms of workload, work schedule and work location, which can allow for better management of disability and lifestyle. This brief provides an overview of the policy rationale for entrepreneurship support for people with disabilities and provides a brief overview of the scale and nature of self-employment activities by people with disabilities and suggests potential actions for governments.
    DOI: 10.1787/1ea0d982-en
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  • 29
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    Costing policy proposals: Guidelines for independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides good-practice guidelines for parliamentary budget officials and independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) that estimate the costs of policy proposals. It covers topics including which costs to capture, how to handle behavioural responses and macroeconomic feedback, how to communicate results, and how to work with stakeholders. It also contains a section on the special considerations for costing election platforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/4e5cd3db-en
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  • 30
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    Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE, Rapporto intermedio marzo 2023 : Una ripresa fragile (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264896529 , 9789264426542 , 9789264755970
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Rapport intermédiaire, mars 2023 : Une reprise fragile
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report March 2023: A Fragile Recovery
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le prospettive economiche a breve termine sono migliorate, aiutate dal calo dei prezzi delle materie prime e dalla riapertura della Cina. La crescita globale è destinata a crescere moderatamente e l’inflazione a calare gradualmente. Tuttavia, i rischi al ribasso sono ancora predominanti. Il Rapporto intermedio sottolinea che la ripresa rimane fragile, caratterizzata da rischi fondamentali derivanti dalle incertezze relative alla guerra in Ucraina e agli sviluppi del mercato energetico, nonché da notevoli vulnerabilità finanziarie. Occorrono misure politiche ben strutturate per ridurre le pressioni inflazionistiche, garantire un migliore orientamento del sostegno alla politica di bilancio e rilanciare la crescita sostenibile. Il Rapporto intermedio fornisce un aggiornamento delle valutazioni riportate nell’edizione di novembre 2022 delle Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE (numero 112).
    DOI: 10.1787/ec64d5ef-it
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    Evaluation of Belgium’s COVID-19 Responses : Fostering Trust for a More Resilient Society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264840409
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (291 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium
    Abstract: As countries seek to draw lessons the COVID-19 crisis and increase their future resilience, evaluations are important tools to understand what worked or not, why and for whom. This report builds on the OECD work on “government evaluations of COVID-19 responses”. It evaluates Belgium’s responses to the pandemic in terms of risk preparedness, crisis management, as well as public health, education, economic and fiscal, and social and labour market policies. Preserving the country’s resilience in the future will require promoting trust in public institutions and whole-of-government approaches to crisis management, reducing inequalities, and preserving the fiscal balance. The findings and recommendations of this report will provide guidance to public authorities in these efforts.
    DOI: 10.1787/990b14aa-en
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    OECD Handbook on Compiling Digital Supply and Use Tables (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264688971 , 9789264626829 , 9789264493438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Economics ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The digital economy is growing, with producers increasingly using digital technology to revolutionise their production processes, and with new business models being created based on the digital transformation. To improve the visibility of digitalisation in macroeconomic statistics, the Digital Supply and Use Tables (SUTs) framework has been developed under the auspices of the OECD’s Informal Advisory Group (IAG) on Measuring GDP in a Digitalised Economy. In the Digital SUTs framework, three dimensions are introduced for measuring the digital economy: the nature of the transaction (the “how”), the goods and services produced (the “what”), and the new digital industries (the “who”). The OECD Handbook on Compiling Digital SUTs explains these three dimensions and includes examples. It also presents the high priority indicators that have been agreed by the IAG and includes recommended templates for producing the outputs.
    DOI: 10.1787/11a0db02-en
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    Intégration des réfugiés ukrainiens : une double approche (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Working towards dual intent integration of Ukrainian refugees
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Le déplacement des ukrainiens dans les pays de l’OCDE s’inscrivant dans la durée, une aide supplémentaire à l’intégration est nécessaire pour parvenir à des résultats adéquats, mais la nature et la portée de cette aide peuvent ne pas correspondre aux pratiques d’intégration habituelles car il est probable que de nombreux réfugiés voudront vouloir rentrer chez eux lorsque la situation le permettra. Au vu de ces besoins apparemment contradictoires, adopter une approche de l’intégration visant un double objectif permettrait de prévoir à la fois la possibilité d’un séjour d’une durée indéterminée dans le pays d’accueil et celle d’un retour des réfugiés en Ukraine, tout en s'attachant à minimiser les éventuels obstacles au retour.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a730efe-fr
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    Impacts of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on the shipping and shipbuilding markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; Belarus ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine has had profound effects on the maritime sector. It directly disrupted maritime activities in the Black and Azov seas, causing the suspension of Ukrainian port operations and agricultural exports. Although an export corridor temporarily resumed activities, the termination of the agreement in July 2023 continues to affect Ukrainian shipping. International sanctions against Russia and Belarus have notably targeted shipowners and shipbuilders, restricting Russian ships' access to OECD ports. These sanctions have also halted orders for Russian ship owners in OECD countries, reducing new orders and vessel completions in Russian shipyards. While global seaborne trade and ship demand remain relatively unaffected, the war has prompted longer-term impacts such as altered trading routes, changes in energy demand and costs, potential implications for maritime decarbonisation, and an increase in "dark fleet" vessels.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f925e43-en
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    Financing SMEs for sustainability – Financial institution strategies and approaches : Results of an OECD survey of public and private financial institutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.46
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Banks and other financial institutions have a central role to play in supporting the net zero transition of the business sector and its millions of SMEs. They are working to integrate climate considerations in various aspects of their operations, including strategy, management and financial products. This calls for the development of new internal capacities and access to SME sustainability data and assessments which are currently difficult to obtain. This policy paper presents the findings of a 2023 survey of public development banks and private financial institutions, conducted by the by the OECD Platform on Financing SMEs for Sustainability. It provides insights on financial institutions' current approaches and plans for the integration of climate considerations in their SME operations. It also provides information on the offer of finance and non-financial support for SMEs’ net zero investments and on related SME climate-related data requirements.
    DOI: 10.1787/b3fe3647-en
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  • 36
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    Industries agroalimentaires novatrices dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l’UE (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovative agro-food industries in the EU Outermost Regions
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: Ce document présente une vue d'ensemble des chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires dans les régions ultrapériphériques de l'UE (RUP de l'UE). Il évalue les tendances émergentes, discute des opportunités et des défis, examine les cadres politiques et les outils qui peuvent renforcer la participation bénéfique des RUP de l'UE dans les chaînes de valeur agroalimentaires internationales, et propose des actions prioritaires. Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet conjoint UE-OCDE sur les régions ultrapériphériques du monde.
    DOI: 10.1787/04a79fa0-fr
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  • 37
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    Working towards dual intent integration of Ukrainian refugees (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Intégration des réfugiés ukrainiens : une double approche
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As the displacement of Ukrainians in OECD countries is prolonged, additional integration support in host countries is needed for optimal outcomes, yet the nature and scope of support needed may not align with the usual integration practices as many refugees are expected to want to return to home when the situation permits. Considering the conflicting needs, adopting a dual intent approach could prepare for both indefinite stay as well as for possible return of refugees by deliberatively seeking to minimise possible return barriers.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b4c16f7-en
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  • 38
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    Economic Policy Making to Pursue Economic Welfare : OECD Report for the G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This OECD report, prepared for the 2023 Japan Presidency of the G7, takes stock of the limitations of GDP as an economic indicator and provides an overview of initiatives to overcome them, both within the system of national accounts and through the development of multidimensional well-being dashboards. It also provides examples of efforts to better integrate multidimensional well-being concepts in policy strategy, design and implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/ccc5634c-en
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  • 39
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    Études économiques de l’OCDE : Colombie 2022 (version abrégée) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264852600 , 9789264768765 , 9789264765122
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Colombia 2022
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Colombia 2022
    Keywords: Economics ; Colombia
    Abstract: La Colombie a connu un redressement économique remarquable après la crise liée au COVID-19, et l’ampleur des mesures de soutien budgétaire et monétaire a permis d’éviter une plus forte contraction des revenus. La solidité des cadres d’action macroéconomique ouvre la voie à un redressement continu de la demande intérieure, même s’il faudra prendre des mesures supplémentaires pour assurer la viabilité des comptes budgétaires. Néanmoins, à plus longue échéance, la croissance comme l’inclusion sociale sont entravées par les carences des politiques structurelles, qui excluent de l’emploi formel et de la protection sociale plus de la moitié des personnes exerçant une activité rémunérée, tout en empêchant les entreprises de se développer et de gagner en productivité. Rompre ce cercle vicieux en adoptant des réformes ambitieuses permettrait à la Colombie de progresser considérablement en termes de bien-être matériel. Pour renforcer la croissance de la productivité, il faudra également rendre la réglementation plus transparente et plus propice au jeu de la concurrence, tout en s’engageant plus pleinement sur la voie de l’internationalisation, notamment en réduisant nettement les obstacles aux échanges. Les autorités pourraient renforcer davantage les institutions en protégeant plus efficacement les lanceurs d’alerte et en améliorant les règles de financement des campagnes politiques. Pour atteindre les objectifs ambitieux liés au climat qu’elle s’est fixés, la Colombie devra redoubler d’efforts afin de juguler la déforestation.
    DOI: 10.1787/5e199cbf-fr
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  • 40
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    Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine (Abridged version) : A case study from Italy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Italien ; Ukraine ; Economics ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The impacts of the war in Ukraine will be felt severely within OECD economies, especially in border regions on the front-line of the humanitarian refugee crisis. The economic impacts, in particular those driven by rising energy prices, will also be spatially differentiated, affecting some regions more than others. Italy is no exception, with gas-intensive industries concentrated in northern regions, and wheat-based food and farming prevailing in southern regions and islands. While, overall, Russia accounted for a minor share of Italian exports, some regions and industries are more vulnerable than others to falls in bilateral trade, including destinations popular with high per-capita expenditure Russian tourists.
    DOI: 10.1787/76c873fd-en
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  • 41
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    How vulnerable is European manufacturing to gas supply conditions? : A regional approach (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Erdgasmarkt ; Gasversorgung ; Gaspreis ; Industrie ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; EU-Staaten ; Economics ; Energy ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This note examines which regional economies in Europe are most exposed to rising gas prices on the basis of their dependency on gas intensive manufacturing sectors such as chemicals or basic metals. Based on OECD calculations we find that the employment shares of the most gas-intensive manufacturing sectors are largest in some regions of Central Europe and Northern Italy, as well as in certain regions of Sweden and Finland.
    DOI: 10.1787/01278ba3-en
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  • 42
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    The supply of critical raw materials endangered by Russia’s war on Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’approvisionnement des matières premières critiques est compromis par l’offensive russe en Ukraine
    Keywords: Rohstoff ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Rohstoffmarkt ; Kriegsfolgen ; Exportbeschränkung ; Sanktion ; Russland ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Severe disruptions to global markets caused by Russia’s war on Ukraine have exposed vulnerabilities to the security of the supply of raw materials critical for industrial production and for the green transition. These supply chain vulnerabilities are the result of export restrictions, bilateral dependencies, a lack of transparency and persistent market asymmetries, including the concentration of production in just a few countries. A collective and co-ordinated approach among OECD countries can contribute to economic security, while preserving the benefits of open markets and a rules-based international trading system.
    DOI: 10.1787/e01ac7be-en
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  • 43
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    Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The Russian Federation’s large-scale war of aggression against Ukraine is causing severe disruptions to Internet connectivity, that has been increasing rapidly across the country over the last decade. The digital delivery of public services, with new “state-of-the-art” services launched just before the war, is proving resilient after the first disruptions. The digital economy in Ukraine was experiencing rapid growth before the war, and the Diia City tax Law introduced tailor-made fiscal measures for the IT sector. Now the Ukrainian Government faces multiple challenges, and OECD policy tools can help Ukraine realise its ambitious plans to strengthen and rebuild its digital space in the short term (i.e. access to the internet), medium term (i.e. access to talent and finance) and long term (i.e. a sound data infrastructure for the digital economy).
    DOI: 10.1787/c5477864-en
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  • 44
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    Advancing the entrepreneurial university : Lessons learned from 13 HEInnovate country reviews (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.32
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Higher education institutions (HEIs) are more critical than ever to help societies respond to the complex challenges of our times. Recognising that these challenges require HEIs to adopt holistic innovations in teaching, research and collaboration activities, the European Commission (EC) and the OECD have developed the HEInnovate guiding framework. HEInnovate promotes innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education and provides guidance to policy makers and HEIs that want to generate additional societal and economic value.This policy brief distils the main findings and recommendations of 13 HEInnovate Country Reviews that have examined higher education system and institution, identifying factors affecting the delivery of the entrepreneurial and innovation agenda in higher education. Looked at in the round, the country reviews provide HE leaders with peer-learning and best practices, policy makers with tested policy solutions and the European Union and the OECD with a deeper understanding of the state of innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education.
    DOI: 10.1787/d0ef651f-en
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  • 45
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    A Systemic Recovery (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264962859 , 9789264690684 , 9789264654563
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: New Approaches to Economic Challenges
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsordnung ; Stabilität ; Krisenmanagement ; Schock ; Coping-Strategie ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Stabilisierungspolitik ; Konjunktur ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Economics
    Abstract: New economic thinking and acting through a systemic approach could outline policy alternatives to tackle the global-scale systemic challenges of financial, economic, social and environmental emergencies, and help steer our recovery out of the current crisis. A systemic recovery requires an economic approach that balances several factors – markets and states, efficiency and resilience, growth and sustainability, national and global stability, short-term emergency measures and long-term structural change. To achieve this, we need to think beyond our policy silos, comprehend our interconnections, and build resilience into our systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/62830370-en
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  • 46
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    Delivering Climate-Change Mitigation under Diverse National Policy Approaches : An independent IMF/OECD report to support the German 2022 G7 Presidency (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Klimapolitik ; Internationale Klimapolitik ; Welt ; Economics ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: In spite of progress made to date and the significant long-term ambition announced by many countries, climate policy actions remain insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement objectives. While several international initiatives aim to track and monitor climate policies, there is not yet a “go to” place for a comprehensive inventory of policy actions and best practices worldwide. Such a platform would also ideally serve to compare policies’ effectiveness reflecting the diversity of country circumstances. Progress in this direction would help to promote an ambitious but globally more coherent and better-coordinated approach to emission reductions through a broad range of policies. This report lays out a roadmap for data and analytical work to support this aim, with a view to enhancing global dialogue and building trust on issues spanning climate change mitigation policies and their macro-economic repercussions. Key elements to strengthen the assessment and comparison of countries’ climate change mitigation policies across countries include: broadening and deepening the stocktaking of mitigation policies; extending and agreeing on an operational methodology for estimating the impact of these policies on emissions and on potential metrics to compare them; and assessing the broader economic effects of different climate policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/20179e63-en
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  • 47
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    Impacts géographiques potentiels de la guerre en Ukraine (version abrégée) : Etude du cas de l'Italie (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine (Abridged version): A case study from Italy
    Keywords: Economics ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Les conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine seront sévèrement ressenties au sein des économies de l'OCDE, en particulier dans les régions frontalières qui se trouvent en première ligne de la crise humanitaire des réfugiés. Les conséquences économiques, en particulier celles liées à la hausse des prix de l'énergie, seront également différenciées au niveau géographique, touchant certaines régions plus que d'autres. L'Italie ne fait pas exception, les industries les plus consommatrices de gaz étant concentrées dans les régions du nord, tandis que les productions alimentaires à base de blé et l'agriculture prédominent dans les régions du sud et les îles. Bien que, dans l'ensemble, la Russie ne représente qu'une part mineure des exportations italiennes, certaines régions et industries sont plus vulnérables que d'autres à la baisse des échanges bilatéraux, notamment les destinations prisées par les touristes russes, dont les dépenses par habitant sont élevées.
    DOI: 10.1787/79eb47d6-fr
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    I potenziali impatti territoriali della guerra in Ucraina : Il caso di studio dell’Italia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine: A case study from Italy
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: L’impatto della guerra in Ucraina è chiaramente avvertibile nei Paesi OCSE, soprattutto nelle regioni di confine in prima linea nella gestione della crisi umanitaria dei rifugiati. Anche gli effetti sull’economia, specie quelli legati all’aumento dei prezzi dell’energia, si dispiegano in modo differenziato a livello territoriale, interessando alcune regioni più di altre. L’Italia non fa eccezione: i settori produttivi a elevato consumo di gas naturale sono per lo più concentrati nelle regioni settentrionali, mentre le aziende agricole e della produzione alimentare a base di grano sono relativamente più diffuse nelle regioni meridionali e insulari. Sebbene nel complesso la Russia rappresenti una quota minoritaria delle esportazioni italiane, alcuni territori e settori sono più esposti di altri a una diminuzione degli scambi bilaterali, come nel caso delle destinazioni più popolari tra i turisti russi ad elevata spesa pro capite.
    DOI: 10.1787/36dcfd11-it
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  • 49
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    Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE, Rapporto intermedio, settembre 2022 : Pagare il prezzo della guerra (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264812284 , 9789264326316 , 9789264917637
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report September 2022: Paying the Price of War
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Rapport intermédiaire, septembre 2022 : Payer le prix de la guerre
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Wirtschaftsausblick, Zwischenausgabe September 2022: Der Preis des Kriegs – wer bezahlt?
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Il mondo sta pagando a caro prezzo la guerra di aggressione della Russia contro l'Ucraina. Il costo umanitario, già elevato, continua ad aumentare e le prospettive economiche globali si sono ulteriormente offuscate. Il presente Rapporto intermedio si concentra sulle conseguenze che la guerra comporta per l'economia mondiale e la crisi energetica. Insieme agli effetti ancora persistenti della pandemia da COVID-19, il conflitto sta rallentando la crescita a un ritmo maggiore del previsto. L'inflazione si è intensificata e si è diffusa tra i Paesi e i beni di consumo. Il rischio di interruzioni nelle forniture di energia è aumentato. Il Rapporto intermedio fornisce un aggiornamento delle proiezioni figuranti nell'edizione del giugno 2022 delle Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE (numero 111).
    DOI: 10.1787/168f9446-it
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  • 50
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    Financing SMEs for sustainability : Drivers, Constraints and Policies (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.35
    Keywords: Mittelstandsfinanzierung ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Welt ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Addressing the climate crisis requires the net zero transition of millions of SMEs globally. SMEs have a significant aggregate environmental footprint and need to adopt cleaner business models. As eco-entrepreneurs and eco-innovators, they also have a key role to play in devising innovative climate solutions. Access to finance is essential for SME investments in net zero, but small businesses face considerable challenges in tapping into the growing pool of sustainable finance. This challenge is likely to grow as financial institutions seek to comply with mandatory environmental reporting requirements. This policy paper examines the sustainable finance landscape for SMEs, the various actors in the ecosystem and the key drivers and barriers affecting the supply of and demand for sustainable finance. It provides an overview of the key policies and instruments in place to support SME access to sustainable finance and identifies considerations for future public support and policy making.
    DOI: 10.1787/a5e94d92-en
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  • 51
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    S’appuyer sur les régions et les gouvernements locaux pour reconstruire l'Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Звертаємося до регіонів та органів місцевого самоврядування для відбудови України
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Turning to regions and local governments to rebuild Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Governance ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Cette note met en évidence la manière dont les réformes de développement régional et de décentralisation en Ukraine, adoptées après la révolution de Maïdan de 2014, ont contribué à la résilience des régions et municipalités du pays après la guerre d'agression de la Russie contre l'Ukraine. Basé sur le rapport de l'OCDE Rebuilding Ukraine by Reinforcing Regional and Municipal Governance (Reconstruire l'Ukraine en renforçant la gouvernance régionale et municipale), cette note démontre également la manière dont les réformes de gouvernance à plusieurs niveaux en Ukraine, mises en œuvre après 2014, peuvent servir de levier pour une reconstruction et une reprise efficaces au niveau infranational. Enfin, elle présente des recommandations concrètes sur la manière dont les décideurs politiques peuvent s’appuyer sur l’expertise locale et renforcer les capacités au niveau infranational pour concevoir et mettre en œuvre des projets de reconstruction et en suivre les progrès, ainsi que contribuer à un développement régional et local durable à plus long terme.
    DOI: 10.1787/27507d7d-fr
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    Identifying the Main Drivers of Productivity Growth : A Literature Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264575561 , 9789264505896 , 9789264861558
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Coronavirus ; Messung ; Bibliometrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Asien ; Education ; Economics ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Governance
    Abstract: This report represents the second outcome of the collaboration between the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to improve the measurement and analysis of productivity developments across APO and OECD member economies. The report discusses the potential impact of COVID-19 on productivity and examines the role of Multifactor Productivity (MFP) as a major driver of economic growth and changes in living standards. It then identifies the most important factors influencing MFP growth and describes the most important challenges affecting the measurement of each of these factors as well as the estimation of their impact on MFP. The report provides key recommendations to improve the reliability and interpretation of the empirical evidence for economic analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/00435b80-en
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    Shaping the path to economic recovery (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Шлях до економічного відновлення України
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Wirtschaftlicher Wiederaufbau ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Ukraine ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This policy response analyses the main consequences of Russia’s war against Ukraine, inflicting significant damage to Ukraine’s economy, undermining macroeconomic stability and degrading its productive capital. The policy response argues that Ukraine’s forward-looking recovery and reconstruction aspirations should ensure the right framework conditions and leverage international support, so that the recovery can be sustained and help make Ukraine’s economy stronger, greener and more resilient. It identifies key structural reforms needed, and suggests that “building back better” will require that Ukraine pursues priority reforms in areas such as investment, competition and judicial so as to allow the economy to seize new economic opportunities, diversify and become more productive and environmentally sustainable.
    DOI: 10.1787/78475265-en
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  • 54
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    Secured lending for SMEs : Making effective use of registries and intangibles - A case study approach (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.33
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This document explores two interrelated aspects of leveraging movable assets to facilitate access to finance: first, the implementation of collateral registries for movable assets, and second, the collateralisation of intangible movable assets. Both dimensions benefit from a case study approach. The report examines how these different instruments function and highlights the opportunities and challenges for making better use of them. It also outlines the role that policies can play in this regard.
    DOI: 10.1787/cf451ee7-en
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    Stein auf Stein : Fundamente einer besseren Wohnungspolitik (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264667815 , 9789264684362 , 9789264498549
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Brick by Brick: Building Better Housing Policies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de meilleures politiques du logement
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Effizienz ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Dieser Bericht enthält Daten, internationale Praxisbeispiele und politikrelevante Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung der Wohnungspolitik. Besonders im Fokus stehen dabei drei wichtige Aspekte: Teilhabe, Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit. In vielen OECD-Ländern ist es zunehmend schwierig geworden, für alle Menschen ausreichend Wohnraum zur Verfügung zu stellen. Grund dafür sind vor allem die steigenden Wohnungspreise, die wiederum eine Folge des unzureichenden Angebots sind, das – gerade in städtischen Räumen mit zahlreichen Arbeitsplätzen – nicht mit der wachsenden Nachfrage Schritt halten konnte. Dies erklärt sich zwar z. T. aus geografischen Gegebenheiten, in vielen Städten beschränken aber auch Flächennutzungs- und Bebauungsvorschriften das Angebot. Zugleich behindern manche mietrechtlichen Bestimmungen die Entwicklung des Mietwohnungsmarkts, was die Mieten steigen lässt. Hinzu kommt, dass die Klimawende für den Wohngebäudesektor eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt, schließlich entfallen auf ihn 17 % der CO2-Emissionen und 37 % der Feinstaubemissionen weltweit. In fast zwei Dritteln der Länder weltweit fehlt es immer noch an energietechnischen Bauvorschriften. Angesichts der langen Lebensdauer von Wohngebäuden müssen die Klimaanstrengungen hier möglichst frühzeitig greifen. Gestützt auf solide Daten beschreibt dieser Bericht Optionen für konzertierte Maßnahmen, um diese Herausforderungen anzugehen und dabei Komplementäreffekten und Konflikten zwischen verschiedenen Zielen der Wohnungspolitik Rechnung zu tragen. Er ist Teil des „OECD Housing Toolkit“, das auch ein interaktives Online-Dashboard mit Indikatoren und Country-Snapshots enthält.
    DOI: 10.1787/2c2d6cfc-de
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  • 56
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    Changes in the working environments of the self-employed : A European perspective (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.34
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses changes in the quality of the working environment in fifteen European Union countries between 1995 and 2015, using self-reported data from the European Working and Living Conditions Survey. It finds that, although in 1995, the self-employed reported inferior working conditions compared with employees, twenty years later this difference had almost disappeared. This “catch-up” on the part of the self-employed is not limited to narrow groups; instead it is found among self-employed workers with highly diverse educational and sectoral work experience. Two major policy implications are drawn. First, policy makers should no longer expect there to be a working environment penalty from self-employment policies. Second, policy makers should distinguish between different groups within the self-employed population, with better targeted policies, rather than treating the self-employed as a single category. The paper sets out a number of avenues for further work when data for 2021 become available.
    DOI: 10.1787/ece3a6d6-en
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  • 57
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    Cross-border Data Flows : Taking Stock of Key Policies and Initiatives (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade ; Science and Technology ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Japan ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As data become an important resource for the global economy, it is important to strengthen trust to facilitate data sharing domestically and across borders. Significant momentum for related policies in the G7, and G20, has gone hand in hand with a wide range of – often complementary – national and international initiatives and the development of technological and organisational measures. Advancing a common understanding and dialogue among G7 countries and beyond is crucial to support coordinated and coherent progress in policy and regulatory approaches that leverage the full potential of data for global economic and social prosperity. This report takes stock of key policies and initiatives on cross-border data flows to inform and support G7 countries’ engagement on this policy agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/5031dd97-en
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  • 58
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    OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security : Cybersecurity for Prosperity (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: The OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security charts the economic and social dimension of cybersecurity, highlights the OECD approach to digital security policy and equips policymakers to use OECD digital security Recommendations in developing better policies. The Framework also identifies linkages with other policy areas addressed through existing OECD standards and tools. The OECD has been at the forefront of international efforts on guiding policy makers in the area of digital security since 1990 and has become the primary international standard setter in this area. OECD Recommendations on digital security support stakeholders in developing digital security policies for economic and social prosperity, in line with the OECD’s mandate to help governments develop “better policies for better lives”.
    DOI: 10.1787/a69df866-en
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  • 59
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    Contribuer au bien-être social et émotionnel des élèves réfugiés ukrainiens dans les pays d’accueil (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting the social and emotional well-being of refugee students from Ukraine in host countries
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: L’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie a provoqué la plus grande crise de déplacements forcés de l’histoire récente, avec, parmi les personnes fuyant le pays, une forte proportion d’enfants et de jeunes. Les épreuves et les traumatismes que les réfugiés ukrainiens ont pu connaître risquent d’entraîner divers problèmes de santé mentale qui, s’ils ne sont pas pris en charge, pourraient avoir des répercussions durables sur leur développement. Les établissements scolaires des pays d’accueil jouent un rôle essentiel pour répondre aux besoins des apprenants réfugiés : ils leur offrent en effet un espace dans lequel ils peuvent se sentir en sécurité, poursuivre leur scolarité et accéder à des services de soutien psychosocial. Ils servent également de lieu d’apprentissage social et émotionnel, ce processus étant indispensable non seulement pour aider les élèves à surmonter les difficultés rencontrées pour s’adapter à une autre culture, mais aussi pour faciliter leur intégration dans l’éducation et dans la société. La présente note, en s’appuyant sur des exemples concrets de politiques et de pratiques, examine comment les systèmes éducatifs des pays d’accueil peuvent favoriser le bien-être social et émotionnel des élèves ukrainiens
    DOI: 10.1787/27b46c56-fr
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    Turning to regions and local governments to rebuild Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Звертаємося до регіонів та органів місцевого самоврядування для відбудови України
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe S’appuyer sur les régions et les gouvernements locaux pour reconstruire l'Ukraine
    Keywords: Wirtschaftlicher Wiederaufbau ; Kriegsfolgen ; Kommunalverwaltung ; Regionalverwaltung ; Ukraine ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Governance ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This policy response highlights how Ukraine’s regional development and decentralisation reforms, adopted after the 2014 Maidan Revolution, have contributed to the resilience of the country’s regions and municipalities following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Based on the OECD report Rebuilding Ukraine by Reinforcing Regional and Municipal Governance, it also sets forth how the achievements of Ukraine’s post-2014 multi-level governance reforms can provide the stepping stones for an effective subnational reconstruction and recovery. Finally, it presents concrete recommendations on how policymakers can leverage local expertise and further build subnational capacities to design and implement reconstruction projects and track progress, as well as contribute to longer-term sustainable regional and local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9510f490-en
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    Supporting the social and emotional well-being of refugee students from Ukraine in host countries (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Contribuer au bien-être social et émotionnel des élèves réfugiés ukrainiens dans les pays d’accueil
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Studierende ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Mental Health ; Psychotherapie ; Ukrainer ; Economics
    Abstract: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has resulted in the largest forced displacement crisis in recent history, with a high proportion of those fleeing being children and young people. The stressful and traumatic experiences Ukrainian refugees may have encountered can lead to a variety of mental health issues, which, if unaddressed, may have lasting impacts on their development. Schools in host countries play a vital role in addressing refugee learners’ needs, providing a space where they can feel safe, continue their learning, and access psychosocial support services. Schools can also serve as sites for social and emotional learning, which is essential for helping students navigate the challenges associated with adjusting to a new culture and for facilitating their inclusion in education and society. This brief discusses how education systems in host countries can support the social and emotional well-being of Ukrainian students, drawing on existing examples of policies and practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/af1ff0b0-en
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  • 62
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    Supporting transitions and securing jobs: Social dialogue shaping a stronger recovery from the pandemic (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Employment
    Abstract: This policy brief documents how bi- and tri-partite social dialogue at different levels, including collective bargaining, is shaping and implementing measures that support a job-rich recovery – both by assisting workers in moving from declining to expanding job sectors in response to structural change and by retaining experienced workers when needed, so that production responds to increases in demand.
    DOI: 10.1787/83b6b310-en
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: México 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264911901
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico 2022
    Keywords: Economics ; Mexico
    Abstract: México se está recobrando de una pandemia que ha tenido un profundo impacto económico y social. Los trabajadores informales, las mujeres y los jóvenes se han visto especialmente afectados, lo que ha agravado retos sociales preexistentes. El sólido marco de política macroeconómica de México ha salvaguardado la estabilidad macroeconómica. Sin embargo, las perspectivas de crecimiento a medio plazo se han debilitado y el ritmo de crecimiento en las dos últimas décadas ha sido bajo. La pobreza y la desigualdad entre regiones todavía son elevadas. Factores como la informalidad, la exclusión financiera o la corrupción han obstaculizado el crecimiento de la productividad. Las bajas tasas de participación femenina y una inversión débil desde 2015 también han afectado a las perspectivas de crecimiento a medio plazo. Mantener y fortalecer el sólido marco de política macroeconómica de México es clave para la estabilidad. La capacidad de la política fiscal para suavizar los ciclos económicos y apoyar el crecimiento en las fases de recesión puede reforzarse, ampliando así el margen para fortalecer la inversión pública. Reactivar la inversión privada y dar impulso al bajo crecimiento de la productividad son prioridades fundamentales. Ello conlleva la necesidad de acometer reformas de gran alcance con el fin de mejorar la regulación aplicable a las empresas, intensificar la competencia, reducir la informalidad, seguir luchando contra la corrupción y efectuar la transición hacia la neutralidad de carbono. Ampliar el acceso a los servicios financieros e impulsar la digitalización comportarían una mayor igualdad de oportunidades y contribuirían a potenciar el crecimiento. CAPÍTULO ESPECIAL: AMPLIAR EL ACCESO A SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS
    DOI: 10.1787/8b913f19-es
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    How vocational education and training (VET) systems can support Ukraine : Lessons from past crises (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Germany ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine has led to the most important humanitarian crisis in the OECD area since World War II, affecting millions of people and a severe economic, social and educational shock of uncertain duration and magnitude. This policy brief discusses how VET systems in host countries can become more inclusive and supportive of Ukrainians displaced by Russia’s large-scale aggression, building on OECD work on VET for young refugees, an analysis of VET in Ukraine, and first policy responses to the current crisis. Ukraine has strong VET provision at upper secondary level, and young people have strong interests in occupations which are commonly entered through VET. This policy brief argues that providing VET in host countries can be key in valuing and further building the skills of refugees from Ukraine, to the benefit of the Ukrainians concerned, host country labour markets, and for the rebuilding of Ukraine.
    DOI: 10.1787/e8e86ce2-en
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    Inclusive growth and resilience in Bilbao, Spain (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.30
    Keywords: Soziale Integration ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Bilbao ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Spain
    Abstract: Before the pandemic hit, the city of Bilbao had the highest economic growth in Spain from 2000 to 2018, driven by a shift from heavy industry to a service-based economy. It also benefitted from a burgeoning tourism and culture sector, thanks to developments such as the Guggenheim Museum in 1998. Plagued with high unemployment in the late 90s, unemployment started to drop until 2008. However, such promising trends were unable to shield the city from the 2008 global financial and later COVID-19 crisis. This study assesses inequality in Bilbao and how the COVID-19 pandemic and the city’s response and recovery measures have affected its inclusive growth agenda. It also examines how Bilbao’s approach to deploying a smart city strategy and localising the SDGs contributes to the city’s overall resilience and inclusive growth objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/de9c64d6-en
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    Premiers enseignements issus des évaluations des gouvernements de la gestion du COVID-19 : Synthèse (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe First lessons from government evaluations of COVID-19 responses: A synthesis
    Keywords: Economics ; Taxation ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Alors que la pandémie de COVID-19 a touché différents pays avec une intensité variable, la réponse à la crise a représenté un défi sans précédent pour la plupart des gouvernements. Dans ce contexte, les évaluations constituent des outils précieux parce qu'elles permettent de partager en temps réel des leçons sur ce qui fonctionne et ne fonctionne pas, sur ce qui pourrait fonctionner et pour qui. Ce document tire des enseignements d’évaluations, réalisées par les pays eux-mêmes, des mesures qu'ils ont adoptées face au COVID-19. Il fournit une synthèse de données issues de 67 évaluations produites dans les pays de l’OCDE durant les 15 premiers mois de la pandémie. Ces premières évaluations, qui montrent que beaucoup de pays sont parvenus à des conclusions similaires, permettant de dégager plusieurs enseignements importants qui pourront être pris en compte dans les stratégies actuellement déployées face à la crise – et pour renforcer la résilience avenir des pays.
    DOI: 10.1787/7bbc0b27-fr
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    L’approvisionnement des matières premières critiques est compromis par l’offensive russe en Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The supply of critical raw materials endangered by Russia’s war on Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Les graves perturbations qui affectent les marchés mondiaux suite à l’offensive russe en Ukraine ont révélé des failles dans la sécurité de l’approvisionnement en matières premières critiques pour la production industrielle et la transition verte. Ces faiblesses des chaînes d'approvisionnement sont la conséquence des restrictions à l’exportation, des dépendances bilatérales, de l’absence de transparence et de la persistance d'asymétries du marché, notamment la concentration de la production dans un petit nombre de pays. Les pays touchés par ces faiblesses ont la possibilité de diversifier les approvisionnements grâce à un élargissement de la production et à un accès aux réserves de matières premières critiques connues.
    DOI: 10.1787/30a9644e-fr
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    Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE, Rapporto intermedio, marzo 2022 : La guerra in Ucraina: conseguenze economiche e sociali e implicazioni per le politiche pubbliche (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264571600 , 9789264726987 , 9789264536661
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report March 2022: Economic and Social Impacts and Policy Implications of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Rapport intermédiaire, mars 2022 : Guerre en Ukraine : Conséquences économiques et sociales et implications pour les politiques publiques
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD‑Wirtschaftsausblick, Zwischenausgabe März 2022: Wirtschaftliche und soziale Auswirkungen und Politikimplikationen des Kriegs in der Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La guerra in Ucraina lascerà profonde cicatrici nei Paesi dell’OCSE, e non solo. I costi umanitari sono già estremamente elevati: milioni di persone sono in fuga dalla zona del conflitto. Il presente rapporto intermedio esamina le potenziali conseguenze economiche e sociali della guerra. Questo conflitto potrebbe rallentare la ripresa globale dalla pandemia da COVID-19 e far aumentare ulteriormente l’inflazione a livello mondiale.
    DOI: 10.1787/a148fedd-it
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    Subsidies, trade, and international cooperation (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9798400208409 , 9798400208386
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 43 Seiten)
    Keywords: Subvention ; Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; WTO-Recht ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Strategische Handelspolitik ; Welt ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Dealing constructively with subsidies in global commerce is central to G20 leaders’ goal of reforming and strengthening the multilateral trading system. The growing use of distortive subsidies alters trade and investment flows, detracts from the value of tariff bindings and other market access commitments, and undercuts public support for open trade. Sharp differences over subsidies are contributing to global trade tensions that are harming growth and living standards. This report seeks to highlight the potential benefits of closer cooperation and considers some areas where this might be pursued constructively by governments or other international organizations. This report aims to begin a discussion within the international community on how to develop and implement such an agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/a4f01ddb-en
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    Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE, Volume 2022 Numero 1 : Versione Preliminare (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264721340 , 9789264381377
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2022 Issue 1: Preliminary version
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Volume 2022 Numéro 1 : Version préliminaire
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: La guerra in Ucraina costituisce una grave crisi umanitaria e comporta shock economici che compromettono la ripresa post-pandemia. Le Prospettive economiche dell'OCSE, Volume 2022, Numero 1, mettono in luce le implicazioni e i rischi per la crescita, per l'inflazione e per il tenore di vita derivanti dall'aumento dei prezzi delle materie prime e dalle eventuali interruzioni delle forniture energetiche e alimentari, ed esaminano le relative sfide politiche. Il presente numero comprende una valutazione generale della situazione macroeconomica e un capitolo che esamina singolarmente ciascun Paese, sintentizzandone gli sviluppi e fornendo previsioni. Le Prospettive economiche prendono in esame tutti i Paesi membri dell'OCSE e alcuni Paesi partner selezionati.
    DOI: 10.1787/50afd3a1-it
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    First lessons from government evaluations of COVID-19 responses: A synthesis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Politik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Taxation ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: While the COVID-19 pandemic has hit different countries with varying intensity, responding to the crisis has presented an unprecedented challenge to most governments. In this context, evaluations provide critical tools to support real time sharing of lessons on what is working, what is not, what could work and for whom. This paper draws lessons from evaluations that governments have carried out themselves of their COVID-19 responses. It provides a synthesis of the evidence from 67 such evaluations produced in OECD countries during the first 15 months of the pandemic. These first evaluations show that many governments came to similar conclusions, and allow us to identify important insights that can feed into ongoing policy responses to the crisis – as well as increase future resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/483507d6-en
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    Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: Colombia 2022 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264753402
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Colombia 2022
    Keywords: Economics ; Colombia
    Abstract: El Estudio examina la recuperación económica de Colombia tras la crisis de COVID-19, así como los retos para asegurar un crecimiento más fuerte y sostenible. El Estudio también analiza en profundidad el sistema de protección social y discute las reformas que podrían mejorar la sostenibilidad de las finanzas públicas, impulsar el crecimiento de la productividad y mejorar las oportunidades para todos los colombianos.
    DOI: 10.1787/991f37df-es
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  • 73
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    Why governments should target support amidst high energy prices (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pourquoi les gouvernements devraient cibler le soutien dans un contexte de prix élevés de l'énergie
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Russia’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine has contributed to high energy prices around the globe, triggering responses from governments. Governments across the OECD and in key non-Member economies have rolled out significant support to shield households and firms from the impacts of the high energy prices that followed the strong recovery in demand in the aftermath of the COVID-19 slump and the fallout of the war in Ukraine. While relatively simple to introduce and communicate in general, measures that act to lower the price of energy are not targeted and weaken incentives to reduce energy use when supply is tight.
    DOI: 10.1787/40f44f78-en
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  • 74
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    Companion Document to the OECD Recommendation on Children in the Digital Environment (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: The OECD Recommendation on Children in the Digital Environment provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on putting in place policies and procedures to empower and protect children in the digital environment. The Recommendation was developed in recognition that the digital environment is a fundamental part of children’s daily lives, and that strong policy frameworks are needed to both protect children from any potential harm, and to help them realise the opportunities that it can bring. This companion document aims to assist governments and other stakeholders in implementing the Recommendation. It expands upon the context in which the Recommendation was developed, and considers in detail specific aspects of the Recommendation, in particular different stakeholders and their roles (e.g. parents, governments, digital service providers) as well as key underlying concepts such as children’s privacy, digital literacy and child safety by design.
    DOI: 10.1787/a2ebec7c-en
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  • 75
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    La transformation numérique à l’appui de la reprise en Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: La guerre menée par la Fédération de Russie contre l’Ukraine perturbe gravement l’accès à l’internet, qui a connu un essor rapide dans le pays au cours de la dernière décennie. L’offre numérique de services publics, avec de nouvelles prestations à la pointe du progrès lancées juste avant le début du conflit, a résisté aux premières perturbations. L’économie numérique ukrainienne était en forte expansion avant la guerre et la loi fiscale « Diia City » adoptée par le pays prévoit des mesures spécialement adaptées au secteur des technologies de l’information. Le gouvernement ukrainien doit aujourd’hui faire face à de nombreux défis. Les instruments d’action de l’OCDE peuvent aider l’Ukraine à mener à bien ses projets ambitieux de renforcement et de reconstruction de son espace numérique à court terme (accès à l’internet), à moyen terme (accès aux talents et au financement) et à long terme (mise en place d’une infrastructure de données robuste pour l’économie numérique).
    DOI: 10.1787/993997a6-fr
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  • 76
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    Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine : A case study from Italy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/08
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: The impacts of the war in Ukraine will be felt severely within OECD economies, especially in border regions on the front-line of the humanitarian refugee crisis. The economic impacts, in particular those driven by rising energy prices, will also be spatially differentiated, affecting some regions more than others. Italy is no exception, with gas-intensive industries concentrated in northern regions, and wheat-based food and farming prevailing in southern regions and islands. While, overall, Russia accounted for a minor share of Italian exports, some regions and industries are more vulnerable than others to falls in bilateral trade, including destinations popular with high per-capita expenditure Russian tourists.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7dae4e9-en
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  • 77
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    Šljach do ekonomičnoho vidnovlennja Ukrai͏̈ny (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: Шлях до економічного відновлення України
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Shaping the path to economic recovery
    Keywords: Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: U styslomu vykladi pytanʹ polityky analizujutʹsja osnovni naslidky vijny Rosii͏̈ proty Ukrai͏̈ny, jaka zavdaje značnoi͏̈ škody ekonomici Ukrai͏̈ny, pidryvaje makroekonomičnu stabilʹnistʹ i pohiršuje i͏̈i͏̈ vyrobnyčyj kapital. U vykladi stverdžujetʹsja, ščo dalekohljadni prahnennja Ukrai͏̈ny ščodo vidnovlennja ta rekonstrukcii͏̈ povynni peredbačaty naležni ramkovi umovy ta zalučennja mižnarodnoi͏̈ pidtrymky dlja zabezpečennja stijkoho vidnovlennja i stvorennja sylʹnišoi͏̈, ekolohičnišoi͏̈ ta bilʹš socialʹno-vidpovidalʹnoi͏̈ ekonomiky Ukrai͏̈ny. Vin vyznačaje neobchidni ključovi strukturni reformy ta peredbačaje, ščo «pokraščennja» vymahatyme vid Ukrai͏̈ny provedennja priorytetnych reform u takych sferach, jak investycii͏̈, konkurencija ta sudova systema, ščo dozvolytʹ ekonomici skorystatysja novymy ekonomičnymy možlyvostjamy, dyversyfikuvatysja ta staty bilʹš produktyvnoju ta ekolohično stijkoju.
    Abstract: У стислому викладі питань політики аналізуються основні наслідки війни Росії проти України, яка завдає значної шкоди економіці України, підриває макроекономічну стабільність і погіршує її виробничий капітал. У викладі стверджується, що далекоглядні прагнення України щодо відновлення та реконструкції повинні передбачати належні рамкові умови та залучення міжнародної підтримки для забезпечення стійкого відновлення і створення сильнішої, екологічнішої та більш соціально-відповідальної економіки України. Він визначає необхідні ключові структурні реформи та передбачає, що «покращення» вимагатиме від України проведення пріоритетних реформ у таких сферах, як інвестиції, конкуренція та судова система, що дозволить економіці скористатися новими економічними можливостями, диверсифікуватися та стати більш продуктивною та екологічно стійкою.
    DOI: 10.1787/af06f82c-uk
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  • 78
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    Roshia ni yoru Ukuraina sensō de kiki ni hin shita jūyō genryō no kyōkyū (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: ロシアによるウクライナ戦争で危機に瀕した重要原料の供給
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The supply of critical raw materials endangered by Russia’s war on Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’approvisionnement des matières premières critiques est compromis par l’offensive russe en Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    DOI: 10.1787/19d495e6-ja
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  • 79
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    Zvertajemosja do rehioniv ta orhaniv miscevoho samovrjaduvannja dlja vidbudovy Ukrai͏̈ny (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: Звертаємося до регіонів та органів місцевого самоврядування для відбудови України
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Turning to regions and local governments to rebuild Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe S’appuyer sur les régions et les gouvernements locaux pour reconstruire l'Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Governance ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Cja polityčna rekomendacija vysvitljuje, jak reformy rehionalʹnoho rozvytku ta decentralizacii͏̈ v Ukrai͏̈ni, pryjnjati pislja revoljucii͏̈ na Majdani 2014 roku, spryjaly pidvyščennju stijkosti rehioniv ta municypalitetiv krai͏̈ny pislja ahresyvnoi͏̈ vijny Rosii͏̈ proty Ukrai͏̈ny. Bazujučysʹ na zviti OESR « Vidbudovujemo Ukrai͏̈nu čerez zmicnennja rehionalʹnoho ta municypalʹnoho upravlinnja », u nʹomu takož pojasnjujetʹsja, jak dosjahnennja reform bahatorivnevoho vrjaduvannja v Ukrai͏̈ni pislja 2014 roku možutʹ staty pidgruntjam dlja efektyvnoi͏̈ subnacionalʹnoi͏̈ rekonstrukcii͏̈ ta vidnovlennja. Nasamkinecʹ, u nʹomu predstavleni konkretni rekomendacii͏̈ ščodo toho, jak polityky možutʹ vykorystovuvaty miscevyj dosvid i nadali naroščuvaty subnacionalʹnyj potencial dlja rozrobky ta vprovadžennja proektiv rekonstrukcii͏̈ ta vidstežennja prohresu, a takož spryjaty dovhostrokovomu stijkomu rehionalʹnomu ta miscevomu rozvytku.
    Abstract: Ця політична рекомендація висвітлює, як реформи регіонального розвитку та децентралізації в Україні, прийняті після революції на Майдані 2014 року, сприяли підвищенню стійкості регіонів та муніципалітетів країни після агресивної війни Росії проти України. Базуючись на звіті ОЕСР « Відбудовуємо Україну через зміцнення регіонального та муніципального управління », у ньому також пояснюється, як досягнення реформ багаторівневого врядування в Україні після 2014 року можуть стати підґрунтям для ефективної субнаціональної реконструкції та відновлення. Насамкінець, у ньому представлені конкретні рекомендації щодо того, як політики можуть використовувати місцевий досвід і надалі нарощувати субнаціональний потенціал для розробки та впровадження проектів реконструкції та відстеження прогресу, а також сприяти довгостроковому стійкому регіональному та місцевому розвитку.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b8009bb-uk
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  • 80
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    Primeras lecciones de las evaluaciones gubernamentales sobre las repuestas al COVID-19: una síntesis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Medidas políticas clave de la OCDE ante el coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe First lessons from government evaluations of COVID-19 responses: A synthesis
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Premiers enseignements issus des évaluations des gouvernements de la gestion du COVID-19 : Synthèse
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation
    Abstract: Si bien la pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a los diferentes países en distinta intensidad, responder a la crisis se ha presentado como un desafío sin precedentes para la mayoría de los gobiernos. Bajo este contexto, las evaluaciones proveen de herramientas fundamentales para apoyar el intercambio de lecciones en tiempo real sobre lo que funciona, lo que no, lo que podría funcionar y para quién. El presente trabajo extrae lecciones de las evaluaciones que los gobiernos han llevado a cabo ellos mismos sobre sus respuestas al COVID-19. Proporciona una síntesis de la evidencia de 67 evaluaciones de este tipo producidas en los países de la OCDE durante los primeros 15 meses de la pandemia. Estas primeras evaluaciones muestran que muchos gobiernos llegaron a conclusiones similares, y nos permiten identificar ideas importantes que pueden contribuir a las respuestas de políticas que están en curso ante la crisis –así como aumentar la resiliencia en el futuro.
    DOI: 10.1787/4c113825-es
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  • 81
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    Cyfrovizacija dlja vidnovlennja Ukrai͏̈ny (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Title: Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Šyrokomasštabna ahresija Rosii͏̈ proty Ukrai͏̈ny pereškodžaje švydkomu rozvytku cyfrovoi͏̈ ekonomiky ta IT-sektoru krai͏̈ny, zokrema, spryčynjajučy serjozni zboi͏̈ pidključennja do Internetu. U cʹomu styslomu vykladi pytanʹ polityky stverdžujetʹsja, ščo ukrai͏̈nsʹkyj urjad rozrobyv ambitnyj plan cyfrovoho vidnovlennja, jakyj ochopljuje infrastrukturu, nadannja cyfrovych deržavnych posluh i cyfrovu ekonomiku, ale pevni problemy zalyšajutʹsja. Dyvljačysʹ u majbutnje, za pidtrymky polityčnych instrumentiv OESR, takych jak «Ramkova koncepcija cyfrovizacii͏̈», Ukrai͏̈na mohla b vykorystaty rekonstrukciju infrastruktury dlja modernizacii͏̈ svojei͏̈ komunikacijnoi͏̈ mereži, vyrišennja pytannja ekstra terytorialʹnoho zv’jazku ta pidtrymky pisljavojennoi͏̈ cyfrovoi͏̈ ekonomiky za dopomohoju bahatʹoch fiskalʹnych, rehuljatyvnych i finansovych zachodiv.
    Abstract: Широкомасштабна агресія Росії проти України перешкоджає швидкому розвитку цифрової економіки та ІТ-сектору країни, зокрема, спричиняючи серйозні збої підключення до Інтернету. У цьому стислому викладі питань політики стверджується, що український уряд розробив амбітний план цифрового відновлення, який охоплює інфраструктуру, надання цифрових державних послуг і цифрову економіку, але певні проблеми залишаються. Дивлячись у майбутнє, за підтримки політичних інструментів ОЕСР, таких як «Рамкова концепція цифровізації», Україна могла б використати реконструкцію інфраструктури для модернізації своєї комунікаційної мережі, вирішення питання екстра територіального зв’язку та підтримки післявоєнної цифрової економіки за допомогою багатьох фіскальних, регулятивних і фінансових заходів.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ab01ffd-uk
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  • 82
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    ウクライナ難民の生徒の受入国における社会情緒的幸福を支援する (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Contribuer au bien-être social et émotionnel des élèves réfugiés ukrainiens dans les pays d’accueil
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting the social and emotional well-being of refugee students from Ukraine in host countries
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: ロシアの対ウクライナ侵攻で、近年最大の強制移住という危機が発生しており、とりわけ子どもと若者の割合が高い。 ウクライナの子どもと若者の多くは、ウクライナを離れる前から、そして逃避行を経て、ストレスやトラウマになるような経験をしたことが推測できる。また、受入国での生活で様々な問題に直面することがある。こうした経験は、様々な心の問題を引き起こす可能性がある。 ウクライナからの脱出前後に子どもと若者が経験したことが長期にわたって及ぼす影響の大きさは、彼らが受入国で受けられる心理社会的支援次第で深刻にも軽度にもなりうる。学校は、難民の生徒のニーズに対応し彼らの社会情緒的な学習と幸福を促進する上で重要な役割を担っており、教育と社会全体に彼らを包摂するために不可欠な要素となっている。
    DOI: 10.1787/7bb5e786-ja
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  • 83
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    Towards improved and comparable productivity statistics : a set of recommendations for statistical policy (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 132 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Messung ; Statistische Methode ; Economics ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, published in the 60th anniversary of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), is the first outcome of their collaboration to develop improved and more comparable productivity statistics across APO and OECD member economies. It explores current practices and challenges in productivity measurement and provides recommendations to National Productivity Organisations (NPOs), National Statistics Offices (NSOs), and other agencies involved in the compilation and analysis of productivity statistics in APO member economies to improve measurement and cross-country comparability.
    DOI: 10.1787/1ae0ec74-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 84
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    Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines for developing countries: An equal shot at recovery (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Impfung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: As the roll out of coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines begins, this policy brief asks how to ensure vaccines for all. In doing so, it examines the case for multilateral approaches to access and delivery, maps key challenges, and identifies priority actions for policy makers. The absence of a comprehensive approach to ensure vaccine access in developing countries threatens to prolong the pandemic, escalating inequalities and delaying the global economic recovery. While new collaborative efforts such as ACT Accelerator and its COVAX initiative are helping to bridge current gaps, these are not enough in circumstances where demand far outstrips supply. Based on the current trajectory, mass immunisation efforts for poorer countries could be delayed until 2024 or beyond, prolonging human and economic suffering for all countries. Policy actions to support equitable vaccine access in developing countries include: (i) supporting multilateral frameworks for equitable allocation of vaccines and for crisis response, resilience and prevention; (ii) highlighting the role of development finance; and, (iii) promoting context-driven solutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b0771e6-en
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  • 85
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    Policy brief on e-learning and digital business diagnostic tools for entrepreneurs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.26
    Keywords: Economics ; Australia ; Belgium ; Canada ; Denmark ; France ; Ireland ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This policy brief discusses recent international policy experiences in developing e-learning and digital business diagnostic tools for entrepreneurs. E-learning tools can develop entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and competences among users and increase their confidence and success in business creation. Business diagnostic tools offer entrepreneurs ways to assess their business management practices against peer companies or good practices, building competence and diffusing good practice. This brief sets out considerations for the successful development and implementation of these tools. It presents eight international cases of tools and discusses the public policy lessons from these international experiences.
    DOI: 10.1787/2edeb0f5-en
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  • 86
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    The OECD Green Recovery Database : Examining the environmental implications of COVID-19 recovery policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Umweltpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This policy brief presents results and policy insights drawn from the OECD Green Recovery Database. The database shows that while USD 336 billion has been allocated towards environmentally positive measures within COVID-19 recovery packages, this total is almost equally matched by funding channelled to measures categorised as having mixed or negative environmental impacts. Furthermore, the spending allocated to green measures represents only around 17% of total COVID-19 recovery spending announced by governments. The small proportion of green measures implies that overall packages may not deliver the transformational investments needed. The sectoral split of environmental measures also points to missed opportunities. Given these findings, this policy brief concludes with policy steps governments can take to ensure that recovery packages are better aligned with environmental goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/47ae0f0d-en
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  • 87
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    Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de meilleures politiques du logement (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264439801 , 9789264714618 , 9789264359291
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Brick by Brick: Building Better Housing Policies
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Le présent rapport rassemble des données factuelles et recense différentes expériences internationales ainsi que divers éclairages sur l'action publique concernant les politiques du logement. L'accent est mis sur trois dimensions principales : inclusivité, efficience et durabilité. De fait, l’inclusivité de l’accès au logement est devenu un enjeu de plus en plus pressant dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, en grande partie sous l’effet de la hausse des coûts du logement due à une offre insuffisante pour répondre à la demande, particulièrement dans les bassins d’emploi en milieu urbain. Les contraintes géographiques peuvent être invoquées, mais dans de nombreuses villes, la réglementation, notamment les dispositions en matière d'occupation des sols et d’aménagement du territoire, pèsent aussi sur l’offre. Parallèlement, certaines dispositions régissant les relations entre locataires et propriétaires peuvent constituer un frein au développement des marchés locatifs, ce qui pousse les loyers à la hausse. En outre, la transition vers une économie bas carbone représente un défi majeur pour un secteur qui, au niveau mondial, représente 17 % des émissions de CO2 et 37 % des émissions de particules fines. Or, près de deux tiers des pays de la planète n’ont pas encore adopté de codes d’efficacité énergétique obligatoires pour les bâtiments. Il est essentiel d’anticiper, car les logements ont une durée de vie très longue. On trouvera dans le présent rapport des options étayées sur des données probantes permettant d’envisager une action publique concertée pour relever ces défis, en tenant compte des complémentarités existantes et arbitrages nécessaires entre les différents objectifs des politiques du logement. Cet ouvrage fait partie intégrante de la boîte à outils de l’OCDE sur le logement, qui comprend un tableau de bord interactif d'indicateurs du logement et des aperçus par pays.
    DOI: 10.1787/78520651-fr
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  • 88
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    Global Scenarios 2035 : Exploring Implications for the Future of Global Collaboration and the OECD (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Scénarios pour le monde de 2035 : Implications pour l’avenir de la collaboration mondiale et de l’OCDE
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Internationale Organisation ; Szenariotechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: In the face of rapid change and high uncertainty, organisations must prepare for the unexpected. This report explores three scenarios – Multitrack World, Virtual Worlds, and Vulnerable World – and their possible implications for the future of global collaboration and for organisations such as the OECD. It includes emerging changes and trends that could affect the world in unpredictable ways over the next fifteen years, and offers potential strategic considerations and action areas aimed at ensuring the OECD’s agility, resilience and future-readiness. Prepared by the OECD’s Strategic Foresight Unit to commemorate the Organisation’s 60th anniversary, the report is intended to stimulate dialogue among all those sharing an interest in preparing the OECD to meet the evolving needs of the global community in the face of a highly dynamic and uncertain future.
    DOI: 10.1787/df7ebc33-en
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  • 89
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    The role of online platforms in weathering the COVID-19 shock (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Online-Handel ; Digitale Plattform ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This policy brief reports on the activity of online platforms during the COVID-19 crisis. Google Trends data for OECD and other G20 countries indicate that in some areas (such as retail sales, restaurant delivery, and mobile payments) online-platform use increased markedly during the first half of 2020, when most countries imposed lockdown and physical distancing measures. Thus, in this period, some economic transactions may have shifted to online marketplaces as people and businesses increasingly turned to online platforms to pursue economic and social activities. The rise in platform use was however highly heterogeneous across areas of activity and countries. Countries with higher levels of economic and technological development, easier access to infrastructure and connectivity, better digital skills, and wider Internet use tended to experience a larger increase in the use of online marketplaces, possibly mitigating the negative effects on output and jobs of the COVID-19 shock. This highlights the role of policies in strengthening countries’ digital preparedness and their resilience to future shocks.
    DOI: 10.1787/2a3b8434-en
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  • 90
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    Supporting jobs and companies: A bridge to the recovery phase (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Subvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: One year after the outbreak of the COVID‑19 crisis, the future looks certainly brighter but it is not yet time to withdraw policy support for people and companies. Even if the headline labour market figures in many countries look better than in Q2 2020, millions of workers are still on job retention schemes and millions of others are unemployed or underemployed. In the coming months, while countries prepare for the implementation of their recovery plans, it is essential to continue supporting families and companies still deeply affected by the crisis, while providing the right incentives for job creation and resuming work. Without these measures, the recovery would start from an even worse economic and social starting point. The short-term costs are high but they are much lower than the costs of mass bankruptcies, layoffs and a depressed economy and labour market. Furthermore, the short-term costs can be reduced by enhancing the targeting of support to the most vulnerable sectors, companies and households, while fostering start-ups and job creation.
    DOI: 10.1787/08962553-en
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  • 91
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    Soutenir l'emploi et les entreprises : Une des clés de la reprise (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting jobs and companies: A bridge to the recovery phase
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 雇用・企業支援： 復興期への橋渡し
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Un an après le début de la crise du COVID-19, les perspectives d’avenir semblent certes plus prometteuses, mais le moment n’est pas encore venu de supprimer les aides publiques aux individus et aux entreprises. Si les chiffres du marché du travail dans de nombreux pays semblent globalement meilleurs qu’au deuxième trimestre de 2020, des millions de travailleurs continuent de bénéficier de dispositifs de maintien dans l’emploi et des millions d’autres sont sans emploi ou sous-employés. Dans les mois à venir, alors que les pays se préparent à mettre en œuvre leurs plans de relance, il est essentiel de continuer à soutenir les familles et les entreprises encore durement touchées par la crise, tout en mettant en place des incitations propices à la création d’emplois et à la reprise du travail. Sans de telles mesures, la reprise économique et sociale partirait d’encore plus bas. Le coût à brève échéance est élevé, mais il est bien inférieur à ce que pourraient coûter des faillites en série, des licenciements en masse, une économie atone et un marché du travail déprimé. En outre, il est possible de réduire les coûts à court terme en ciblant davantage les aides sur les secteurs, entreprises et ménages les plus vulnérables, tout en favorisant les entreprises qui démarrent et la création d’emplois.
    DOI: 10.1787/4cb4c30c-fr
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  • 92
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    Strengthening Macroprudential Policies in Emerging Asia : Adapting to Green Goals and Fintech (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264636392 , 9789264430105 , 9789264726017
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Keywords: Finanzmarktaufsicht ; Finanztechnologie ; Schwellenländer ; Asien ; Development ; Economics ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; China, People’s Republic ; India ; Indonesia ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Many Emerging Asian countries have been refining macroprudential policies, particularly since the Global Financial Crisis. For instance, they have developed policies targeting housing markets and broadly transposed the Basel III requirements into their national legislation. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, policy makers now need to identify emerging vulnerabilities and their associated financial stability risks and respond with the appropriate macroprudential tools. This publication provides a detailed overview of the current macroprudential policy situation in Emerging Asian countries and explores how the macroprudential policy toolkit has evolved. The report discusses some of the most pressing challenges to financial stability, including the interaction of macroprudential policy with other policies. It also devotes special attention to macroprudential policies for emerging priorities, such as achieving green goals and updating regulatory frameworks to reflect ongoing Fintech developments. Climate change will indeed create new challenges in financial markets, while Fintech developments bring about many economic opportunities and deepen financial systems, but present a variety of novel risks requiring rapid policy responses.
    DOI: 10.1787/6f1ed069-en
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  • 93
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    Brick by Brick : Building Better Housing Policies (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264551183 , 9789264516762 , 9789264739871
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pierre par pierre : Bâtir de meilleures politiques du logement
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: The report brings together evidence, international experience and policy insights for the design of housing policies. Emphasis is placed on three broad aspects: inclusiveness, efficiency and sustainability. Inclusive access to housing has become increasingly challenging in many OECD countries due to a large extent to rising housing costs, which reflects the failure of housing supply to meet demand, particularly in jobs-rich urban areas. Geographical constraints play a role, but in many cities regulations, including on land-use and zoning provisions, also constrain supply. At the same time, some regulations on tenant-landlord relations can discourage the development of rental markets, pushing up rents. Moreover, the transition to a low-carbon economy poses challenges for a sector that accounts for 17% of CO2 emissions and 37% of fine particulate matter emissions globally. Almost two-thirds of countries worldwide still lack mandatory building energy codes. Frontloading efforts is critical as dwellings have a very long lifespan. The report lays out evidence-based options for concerted policy action to address these challenges, while recognising complementarities and trade-offs amond the different objectives of housing policies. The report is part of the OECD Housing Tookit, which includes an interactive online dashboard of housing indicators and country snapshots.
    DOI: 10.1787/b453b043-en
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  • 94
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    The Economic Benefits of Air Quality Improvements in Arctic Council Countries (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813274 , 9789264539976 , 9789264956902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arctic Council ; Luftreinhaltung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Arktis ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Canada ; Denmark ; Finland ; Iceland ; Norway ; Russian Federation ; Sweden ; United States
    Abstract: The Arctic is a vital region that helps preserve the balance of the global climate. The Arctic environment is particularly sensitive to short-lived climate pollutants, including black carbon, due to their strong warming effect. With ambitious policy action to reduce air pollutants, Arctic Council countries would obtain a positive effect on health and the environment throughout their territory, while also helping to slow down climate change by reducing emissions of black carbon. This report calls for ambitious policy action to reduce air pollution in Arctic Council countries, highlighting the environmental, health, and economic benefits from policy action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c46037d-en
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  • 95
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    COVID-19 и экологизация экономики стран Восточной Европы, Кавказа и Центральной Азии (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 and greening the economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Belarus ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Moldova, Republic of ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Ukraine ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: Как и во многих странах, пандемия COVID-19 отрицательно сказалась на экономике стран Восточной Европы, Кавказа и Центральной Азии, ответные меры правительств которых заключались в смягчении воздействия пандемии на систему здравоохранения и оказании поддержки затронутым пандемией предприятиям и работникам. В рамках ответных мер, большинство стран ВЕКЦА также реализовали меры, которые могут способствовать достижению экологических целей. Тем не менее многое еще остается сделать, чтобы планы восстановления ускорили переход к «зеленой» экономике, тем самым повышая устойчивость к внешним шокам. В настоящем отчете проводится анализ мер, направленных на борьбу с COVID-19, предпринимаемых в 11 странах ВЕКЦА, на основании их потенциала к ускорению перехода к более «зеленой», стойкой к изменению климата и низкоуглеродной экономике. В рекомендациях предлагаются способы обеспечения содействия усилий правительств восстановлению экономики с учетом целей по борьбе с изменением климата, сохранению биологического разнообразия и расширению природоохранной деятельности.
    DOI: 10.1787/37dc59cf-ru
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  • 96
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    An in-depth analysis of one year of SME and entrepreneurship policy responses to COVID-19 : Lessons learned for the path to recovery (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.25
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on SMEs and entrepreneurs, and the SME and entrepreneurship policy measures implemented during the course of a year since the start of the pandemic. The paper formulates 15 lessons learned for policy going forward, to assist governments build evidence-based policies to support SME recovery and resilience.
    DOI: 10.1787/6407deee-en
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  • 97
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    COVID-19 and greening the economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe COVID-19 и экологизация экономики стран Восточной Европы, Кавказа и Центральной Азии
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Umweltpolitik ; Osteuropa ; Kaukasus ; Zentralasien ; Environment ; Economics ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Belarus ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Moldova, Republic of ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Ukraine ; Uzbekistan
    Abstract: As in many countries, the economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) have been negatively affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Their governments responded by addressing the health impacts and providing relief to affected businesses and workers. Many EECCA countries have also implemented measures that will help advance environmental objectives as part of their rescue and recovery plans. Nevertheless, much more needs to be done to ensure that recovery plans accelerate a green transition, thereby building resilience against external shocks. This policy paper analyses measures related to COVID-19 in 11 EECCA countries based on their potential to advance the transition to a greener, climate-resilient and low-carbon economy. Recommendations suggest ways to ensure that governments align efforts to support economic recovery with their objectives on climate change, biodiversity and wider environmental protection.
    DOI: 10.1787/40f4d34f-en
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  • 98
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    雇用・企業支援： 復興期への橋渡し (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Supporting jobs and companies: A bridge to the recovery phase
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Soutenir l'emploi et les entreprises : Une des clés de la reprise
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: 新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)危機の発生から1年が経ち、未来は確かに明るくなっているように見えるが、今はまだ人々と企業への政策支援を撤回する時期ではない。多くの国々で労働市場の状況を示す主要指標は2020年第2四半期のそれより改善しているが、雇用保護措置によって保護されている労働者が数百万人おり、またその他に失業者数が数百万人に上る。今後数か月間、各国が復興計画の実施準備を進める中で、依然として危機の影響を深刻に受けている世帯と企業への支援を継続しつつ、雇用創出と仕事復帰のインセンティブを与えることが不可欠である。こうした措置がなければ、復興は経済的、社会的にさらに悪い状態から始まることになる。短期的なコストは高いが、大量倒産、大量失業、経済不況、労働市場の悪化のコストよりは遥かに低い。さらに、その短期的なコストは支援を最も脆弱な部門、起業、世帯、そして起業と雇用創出への支援に対象を絞ることで削減することができる。
    DOI: 10.1787/5ed64277-ja
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  • 99
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    Le dynamisme des entreprises pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 : quelles politiques pour une reprise inclusive ? (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Business dynamism during the COVID-19 pandemic: Which policies for an inclusive recovery?
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La pandémie de COVID-19 a été lourde de conséquences sur le dynamisme des entreprises. Même si les entrées d’entreprises ont connu un rebond après la chute observée durant les premiers confinements, début 2020, ce redressement varie fortement d'un pays à l'autre, ce qui pourrait avoir des répercussions à long terme sur l’emploi et la croissance de la production. Les mesures prises pour soutenir la trésorerie des entreprises et les modifications temporaires des procédures de faillite ont permis de réduire le nombre de défaillances d’entreprises de plus de 30 % en moyenne par rapport à la période antérieure à la pandémie. Ces mesures ont sans doute protégé des entreprises viables et productives et permis d'échapper aux risques systémiques qu'aurait représenté une vague de faillites, mais elles ont peut-être maintenu en vie des entreprises susceptibles de ne pas être viables (connues sous le nom d’entreprises zombies).
    DOI: 10.1787/105f1e14-fr
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  • 100
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    The Impact of Regulation on International Investment in Finland (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264506381 , 9789264317161 , 9789264402201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (171 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Finnland ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Norway ; Sweden
    Abstract: The Impact of Regulation on International Investment in Finland examines what drives FDI into Finland and which domestic regulatory aspects may discourage foreign investment. The report analyses trends in FDI flows towards Finland and other Nordic-Baltic countries and discusses the benefits of foreign investment for the Finnish economy. It provides a comparative overview of the regulatory frameworks in force in Finland and its Nordic-Baltic peers, outlining both economy-wide and sector-specific findings, and explores how changes in these regulatory frameworks are linked to changes in FDI inflows in the region. Foreign investors’ views on Finland’s business environment complement these findings. The report underlines potential areas for reform and suggests policy actions that could further improve Finland’s investment climate and contribute to attracting and retaining more FDI, while also strengthening its positive impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/b1bf8bee-en
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