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  • 2015-2019  (17)
  • Lederman, Daniel  (17)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (17)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Leaning Against the Wind : Fiscal Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean in a Historical Perspective (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Latin America and Caribbean Semiannual Report
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report by the Office of the Chief Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) of the World Bank studies the region's fiscal policies. After reviewing LAC's growth performance, Chapter 1 provides an accounting of its financing needs during the 21st Century to understand how such a diverse region ended up with fiscal deficits across the board in 2016. Chapter 2 goes back to the 1960s and assesses the cyclical properties of fiscal policies. LAC, like most developing countries and in contrast with most developed economies, exhibited procyclical fiscal policies. Good news arrived in the 2000s: one in three economies became countercyclical, which helped improve credit ratings. Yet fiscal policy is complicated by our inability to know if current economic conditions are temporary or permanent. The report argues for a prudent stance that would err on the side of saving too much during upswings and perhaps borrowing too little during downturns
    DOI: 10.1596/26364
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Rise of the Middle Class and Economic Growth in ASEAN (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Brueckner, Markus The Rise of the Middle Class and Economic Growth in ASEAN
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents estimates of the relationship between the share of income accruing to the middle class and gross domestic product per capita of economies from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The increase in gross domestic product per capita that these economies experienced during 1970-2010 significantly contributed to a higher share of income accruing to the middle class. The impact of the rise of the middle class on economic growth depends on the countries' initial level of gross domestic product per capita. In the majority of these countries, a rise of the middle class that is unrelated to gross domestic product per capita growth would have had a significant negative effect on economic growth, based on the values of the countries' gross domestic product per capita in 1970. In contrast, for recent values of gross domestic product per capita, a rise of the middle class would positively contribute to growth in gross domestic product per capita. The paper shows that human capital accumulation is an important channel through which a rise of the middle class affects economic growth
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8068
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Better Neighbors : Toward a Renewal of Economic Integration in Latin America (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464809781
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (196 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: Latin America and Caribbean Studies
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Labor Market Integration ; Regional Integration ; Trade Integration ; Economic Integration ; Stability
    Kurzfassung: This book proposes a renewal of 'Open Regionalism' in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) aimed at achieving the region's goals of high growth with stability. The LAC region experienced a growth spurt with equity during the first decade of the 21st Century. It is well understood that an unsustainable demand boom fueled by terms-of-trade improvements drove this growth acceleration episode, especially in South America. Unfortunately, terms of trade are no longer fueling growth, and the region's policymakers are in search of new sources of growth with stability. With the experience of East Asia and the Pacific in mind, many policymakers in LAC are looking to international economic ties as a potential source of stable growth. The challenge highlighted in this book lies in designing an integration agenda comprising trade and factor market integration that is conducive to region-wide efficiency gains, which can help LAC enhance its global competitiveness. The forces of geography imply that pro-growth global integration cannot be achieved without building a strong neighborhood. Thus, this volume argues that LAC's regional economic integration agenda needs to go well beyond the current spaghetti bowl of preferential trading arrangements
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0977-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Open and Nimble : Finding Stable Growth in Small Economies (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464810435
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p)
    Serie: Directions in Development
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Kurzfassung: Does economic size matter for economic development outcomes? If so are current policies adequately addressing the role of size in the development process? Using working age population as a proxy for country size, Open and Nimble, systematically analyzes what makes small economies unique. Small economies are not necessarily prone to underdevelopment and in fact can achieve very high income levels. Small economies, however, do tend to be highly open to both international trade and foreign direct investment, have highly specialized export structures, and have large government expenditures relative to their Gross Domestic Product. The export structures of small economies are concentrated in a few products or services and in a small number of export destinations. In turn, this export concentration is associated with terms of trade volatility, which combined with high exposure to international trade, implies that small economies tend to face more volatility on average as external volatility permeates national economic life. Yet small economies tend to compensate for their export concentration by being nimble in the sense of being able to change their production and export structure relatively quickly over time. Moreover, limited territory plays a role in shaping how economies are affected by natural disasters, even when the probability of facing such disasters is not necessarily higher among small than among large economies. The combination of large governments with macroeconomic volatility seems to be associated with low national savings rates in small economies. This combination could be a challenge for long-term growth if productivity growth and foreign investment do not compensate for low domestic savings. The book finishes with some thoughts on how policy makers can respond to these issues through coordinated investments and regional integration efforts, as well as fiscal policy reforms aimed at both increasing public savings and conducting countercyclical fiscal policies
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1042-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Factor Endowments, Technology, Capital Mobility and the Sources of Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hakobyan, Shushanik Factor Endowments, Technology, Capital Mobility and the Sources of Comparative Advantage in Manufacturing
    Kurzfassung: Using data on net exports and factor endowments for more than 100 countries, this paper studies the relationship between factor endowments and comparative advantage in 28 manufacturing sectors between 1975 and 2010. The authors allow for systematic technological differences across countries, including differences in factor intensities across countries with different ratios of skilled labor over unskilled labor. Capital seems to be a source of comparative disadvantage in manufacturing, and skilled labor is a source of comparative advantage in the global sample. However, skilled labor is a source of comparative disadvantage in economies with low human capital, whereas it is a source of comparative advantage in the sample of countries with high human capital. The authors attribute this heterogeneity to the rise of capital mobility across countries, particularly since the mid-1990s
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7777
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Economic Integration across Latin America : Evidence from Labor Markets, 1990-2013 (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lederman, Daniel Economic Integration across Latin America: Evidence from Labor Markets, 1990-2013
    Kurzfassung: Combining macroeconomic and microeconomic data and three indicators of international market integration, this paper assesses the degree to which Latin American labor markets are integrated. The results suggest that relative to East Asia, Latin American labor markets are somewhat more integrated, but considerable differences across countries persist. In addition, the evidence indicates that the degree of labor market integration across Latin American borders is significantly less than that of labor markets within Mexico and within the United States in two of the three indicators. These differences may suggest opportunities for efficiency gains from further labor market integration
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7847
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Volatility of International Trade Flows in the 21st Century : Whose Fault Is It Anyway? (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bennett, Federico The Volatility of International Trade Flows in the 21st Century: Whose Fault Is It Anyway?
    Kurzfassung: After investment, exports and imports are the most volatile components of aggregate demand within countries. Moreover, the volatility of growth and the volatility of trade flows tend to move together; they declined from the 1990s until 2009, followed by an increase since 2009. This paper explores the drivers of such movements in trade-flow volatility. The analysis decomposes trade growth into six components to study their contribution to the overall volatility of trade flows, and presents three findings. First, trade volatility is mostly explained by a factor common to all countries, country-specific factors, and changes in the gravity-related characteristics of a country's trading partners. Product composition and the identity of trading partners appear to be less important in explaining volatility. Second, the pre-2009 decline in volatility and the post-2009 increase in volatility appear to be driven by different factors. The former is mostly explained by a steady decline in the variance of country-specific factors. In contrast, the latter appears to be driven mainly by an increase in the volatility of factors common to all countries. Third, trade diversification is a likely force behind the steady decline in trade volatility driven by country-specific factors, especially in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7781
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Price is Not Always Right : On the Impacts of Commodity Prices on Households (and Countries) (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lederman, Daniel The Price is Not Always Right : On the Impacts of Commodity Prices on Households (and Countries)
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of the impact that one-time changes in commodity and other prices have on household welfare. It begins with a collection of stylized facts related to commodities based on household survey data from Latin America and Africa. The ata uncovers strong commodity dependence on both continents: households typically allocate a large fraction of their budget to commodities, and they often also depend on commodities to earn their income. This income and expenditure dependency suggests sizable impacts and adjustments following commodity price shocks. The article explores these effects with a review of the relevant literature. The authors study consumption and income responses, labor market responses, and spillovers across sectors. The paper provides evidence on the relative magnitudes of various mechanisms through which commodity prices affect household (and national) welfare in developing economies
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7583
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Faraway or Nearby? Domestic and International Spillovers in Patenting and Product Innovation (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bravo-Ortega, Claudio Faraway or Nearby? Domestic and International Spillovers in Patenting and Product Innovation
    Kurzfassung: The diffusion of knowledge plays a central role in endogenous growth theories. Simply put, in these models new knowledge can be generated from preexisting knowledge. In other words, existing knowledge is a pure public good, which can benefit any economic agent anywhere. More generally, endogenous growth theories rely on a broad set of assumptions that have not been tested sufficiently, especially for developing economies. The scope and nature of knowledge spillovers is, however, important for policy, because the presumed positive spillovers can justify government intervention (if the spillovers are localized) or laissez faire (if the spillovers are international). This paper empirically assesses the scope and direction of knowledge spillovers in national patenting and, separately, product innovation by firms. The first set of exercises tests whether the cumulative knowledge specifications of the knowledge production function can explain international patterns of patenting or whether own research and development is necessary to produce patents. The second set of exercises analyzes whether firm product-quality upgrading and the introduction of new products depend on product innovation within industries, within or across countries. The evidence supports the view that existing stocks of knowledge, domestic and foreign, enhance national innovation and entrepreneurship in the form of product innovation. More specifically, the evidence suggests that within-country and international knowledge spillovers are positive, but international spillovers can be negative for firms that are far from innovative firms in terms of productivity. The results depend on the concept of "distance" between countries and firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7828
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Exporters, Engineers, and Blue-Collar Workers (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Brambilla, Irene Exporters, Engineers, and Blue-Collar Workers
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates differences in the composition of employment between exporting and non-exporting firms. In particular, it asks whether exporting firms hire more engineers relative to blue-collar workers than non-exporting firms. In a stylized partial-equilibrium model, firms produce goods of varying quality and exporters tend to produce higher quality goods, which are intensive in engineers relative to blue-collar workers. Firms are heterogeneous and more productive firms become exporters and have a higher demand for engineers. The paper provides causal evidence in support of these theories using the Chilean Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual, an annual census of manufacturing firms. The results from an instrumental variable estimator suggest that Chilean exporters indeed utilize a higher share of engineers over blue-collar workers
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7686
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Big Switch in Latin America : Restoring Growth through Trade (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Latin America and Caribbean Semiannual Report
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report, produced by the Office of the Chief Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) of the World Bank, examines LAC's challenges as the global economy settles to an equilibrium with lower growth and lower commodity prices. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the world economy and how it affects LAC's short and medium-term prospects. It argues that LAC suffered an external shock that shaped growth in recent years, and that the current global context is likely here to stay. Many LAC countries experienced significant depreciations which in principle should help adjust to the new equilibrium. The extent to which these depreciations facilitate a soft landing, however, depends on a number of factors. Chapter 2 explores the response of LAC's trade to the recent depreciations and the role it could play in facilitating a recovery. It examines if there are early signs of an export recovery and whether the region's increased dependence on commodity exports could hinder LAC's recovery
    DOI: 10.1596/25098
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    America Latina y el ascenso del Sur : Nuevas prioridades en un mundo cambiante (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803567
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (256 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Schlagwort(e): Spanish translation ; FDI ; Foreign direct investment ; Domestic savings ; Financial integration
    Kurzfassung: Este reporte explora la restructuracion de la economia global ocasionada por el ascenso del Sur y destaca la transformacion en los patrones de integracion global de ALC y las consecuencias de esta transformacion en la dinamica del desarrollo de la region. En particular, se analiza de forma sistematica los aspectos concernientes al comercio y las finanzas internacionales, la macroeconomia y el mercado laboral latinoamericano
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0431-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Export Promotion and Firm Entry into and Survival in Export Markets (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lederman, Daniel Export Promotion and Firm Entry into and Survival in Export Markets
    Kurzfassung: Surveys of export promotion agencies suggest that that they tend to focus on helping firms become exporters as a means to stimulate aggregate export growth. But the existing empirical evidence has paid little attention to the role of export promotion agencies in helping entry into exporting. This paper fills this gap with a panel of exporting and non-exporting firms from seven Latin American countries during the period 2006-2010. The results suggest that export promotion encourages exports mainly by helping firms enter into and survive in export markets. The impact on the intensive margin of exporting firms is not robust. This finding is consistent with export promotion helping reduce fixed rather than variable costs of exporting, which is to be expected if export promotion agencies help correct for market failures associated with information externalities
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7400
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effects of Income Inequality on Aggregate Output (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Brueckner, Markus Effects of Income Inequality on Aggregate Output
    Kurzfassung: Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7317
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Latent Trade Diversification and its Relevance for Macroeconomic Stability (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lederman, Daniel Latent Trade Diversification and its Relevance for Macroeconomic Stability
    Kurzfassung: Poverty Reduction
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7332
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Latin America and the Rising South : Changing World, Changing Priorities (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803567
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (248 p.))
    Ausgabe: Online-Ausg.
    Serie: Latin America and Caribbean Studies
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. Latin America and the rising South
    DDC: 332.098
    RVK:
    QG 630
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftslage ; Lateinamerika ; Karibischer Raum ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Weltwirtschaft ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Süden ; Emerging Market ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Außenhandel ; Finanzwirtschaft ; Investition ; domestic savings ; FDI ; Financial integration ; Foreign direct investment ; Global financial network ; Global trade network ; Global value chains ; Globalization ; International Economics and Trade ; Labor market dynamics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Real exchange rate dynamics ; Rise of the south ; Trade Integration ; Trade structure ; Erde ; Lateinamerika
    Kurzfassung: The world economy is not what it used to be twenty years ago. For most of the 20th century, the world economy was characterized by developed (North) countries acting as 'center' to a 'periphery' of developing (South) countries. However, the recent rise of developing economies suggests the need to go beyond this North-South dichotomy. This tectonic re-configuration of the global landscape has brought about significant changes to countries in the Latin America and Caribean (LAC) region. The time is ripe for an in-depth analysis of the dynamics and nature of LAC's external connections.This latest volume in the World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies series will focus on the implications of these trends for the economic development of LAC countries. In particular, trade, financial, macroeconomic, and sectoral shifts, as well as labor-market aspects will be systematically analyzed
    Anmerkung: Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0355-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
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    Online-Ressource
    Tracking Wage Inequality Trends with Prices and Different Trade Models : Evidence from Mexico (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Halliday, Timothy Tracking Wage Inequality Trends with Prices and Different Trade Models: Evidence from Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Mexican wage inequality rose following Mexicos accession to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization in 1986. Since the mid-1990s, however, wage inequality has been falling. Since most trade models suggest that output prices can affect factor prices, this paper explores the relationship between output prices and wage inequality. The rise of inequality can be explained by the evolution of the relative price of skill-intensive goods relative to unskilled-intensive goods, but these prices flattened by 1999 and thus cannot explain the subsequent decline in wage inequality. An alternative trade model with firm heterogeneity driven by variations in the relative price of tradable relative to non-tradable goods can explain the decline in wage inequality. The paper compares this model's predictions with Mexican inequality statistics using data on output prices, census data, and quarterly household survey data. In spite of the models simplicity, the model's predictions match Mexican variables reasonably well during the years when wage inequality fell
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7471
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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