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  • International Finance Corporation  (11)
  • Iimi, Atsushi  (6)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (17)
  • Finance and Financial Sector Development  (17)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Blended Finance for Climate Investments in India (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Environmental Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Blended Concessional Finance ; Clean Energy ; Climate Investments ; Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Housing ; Solar Power ; Waste-To-Energy
    Abstract: The document collection focuses on the concept of blended finance for climate investments, emphasizing the need for innovative financial mechanisms to address climate change. It discusses the potential of blending public and private capital to mobilize investment in climate-related projects, aiming to achieve both environmental and financial returns. The collection explores various models and case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of blended finance in driving sustainable development and combating climate change on a global scale
    DOI: 10.1596/41194
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Building Green : Sustainable Construction in Emerging Markets (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2201
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Emission Reduction ; City Development Strategies ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Construction Materials ; Decarbonization ; Developing Countries ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Sustainable Construction ; Urban Development
    Abstract: How developing countries meet their rising building needs will be pivotal to the world's climate future. The good news is that the projected emissions growth in construction value chains can be reduced significantly with the application of existing technologies, new financing instruments, and the implementation of appropriate policies. Even as emerging economies meet the rising demand for residential and commercial buildings, it is possible to reduce total emissions from the sector below today's level by 2035. To avoid perpetuating the status quo, decisive action is needed by policy makers, developers, construction material producers, financiers, and international development institutions. IFC is launching this report to guide international efforts to decarbonize construction value chains. Building Green: Sustainable Construction in Emerging Markets was prepared through close collaboration between IFC economists, investment officers, and building and constructionsector specialists. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges of reducing carbon emissions from construction value chains in developing countries, but also the considerable opportunities that willcome from mobilizing the estimated USD 1.5 trillion of investment required for this transition
    DOI: 10.1596/40561
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
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    Building a Better Future : IFC Annual Report 2023 Financials (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2128
    Keywords: Education Reform and Management ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Data ; Financial Results ; Global Outlook ; IFC ; Information Technology
    Abstract: This Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD and A) discusses the financial results of the International Finance Corporation (IFC or the Corporation) for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 (FY23). The MD and A contains forward looking statements which may be identified by such terms as "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "intends," "plans", "aims" or words of similar meaning. Such statements involve a number of assumptions and estimates that are based on current expectations, which are subject to risks and uncertainties beyond IFC's control. Consequently, actual future results could differ materially from those currently anticipated. IFC undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. Certain reclassifications of prior years' information have been made to conform with the current year's presentation
    DOI: 10.1596/40507
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 4
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    IFC Annual Report 2023 : Building a Better Future (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2128
    Keywords: Energy Access ; Environment ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Innovation ; Public-Private Partnerships ; Science and Technology Development ; Technology ; Trade Finance
    Abstract: IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets and developing economies. We work in more than 100 countries, using our capital, mobilization capacity, expertise, and influence to create jobs and raise living standards, especially for the poor and vulnerable. In fiscal year 2023, IFC committed a record 43.7 billion dollars to private companies and financial institutions in developing countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to improve people's lives as economies grapple with the impacts of global compounding crises
    DOI: 10.1596/40506
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 5
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    Creating Markets In Namibia : Creating Resilient and Inclusive Markets - Country Private Sector Diagnostic (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Energy ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Housing Finance ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Renewable Energy
    Abstract: Since achieving independence in 1990, Namibia's remarkable growth has been fueled by foreign direct investment and enabled by prudent economic management. Since 2016, however, growth has declined steadily and the economy fell into recession, exposing the vulnerability of Namibia's economic growth model to external and climate shocks. These challenges were exacerbated by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, an economic slowdown in neighboring South Africa, worsening terms of trade on the back of declining global demand and commodity prices, a decline in Southern African Customs Union (SACU) revenues, and the effects of crippling droughts on agricultural and industrial production. Namibia has very high levels of poverty and inequality, which are largely driven by high levels of unemployment. The primary objective of this Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD) is to identify near and medium-term reform opportunities to revitalize the private sector and help reposition Namibia's growth on a green, resilient, and inclusive trajectory. This CPSD explores priority reform opportunities to address five cross-cutting bottlenecks: (1) enhancing the role and performance of the state-owned enterprise (SOE) sector through a more effective competition policy environment; (2) strengthening implementation of the public-private partnership (PPP) framework to expand private investments, especially in infrastructure; (3) leveraging the potential for digital transformation of the economy; (4) addressing inefficiencies in logistics and trade facilitation; and (5) tapping opportunities in the water sector for green and resilient growth. The diagnostic then looks in depth at three sectors prioritized by the Namibian government - renewable energy, climate-smart agribusiness, and housing, and provides recommendations for reducing sector-specific bottlenecks to stimulate growth potential
    DOI: 10.1596/38334
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  • 6
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    Handbook for Scaling Irrigation Systems (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage ; Agriculture ; Asset Management ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Structures
    Abstract: The demand for more efficient use of land and water resources to enable farmers to produce food using climate-resilient processes continues to grow in the face of a growing global population and the impacts of climate change and other shocks such as Coronavirus (COVID-19). Although irrigation has been widely promoted as important for productivity and resilience, it has not been sufficiently expanded. Large, well-established irrigation projects developed by public institutions and select private sector projects play an important role in providing access to irrigation, but they are insufficient to meet need. In parallel, farmers have been developing effective small-scale irrigation (SSI) options that include a range of technologies, financing methods, and operating models. International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) are global organizations focused on promoting resilient agriculture and food system transformation. This handbook takes a practical approach in guiding its target readers, which comprise policy makers, governments and government agencies, private sector actors, and development institution partners, on how to deliver effective design and operation strategies, combined with financing models, to implement and sustainably expand use of irrigation
    DOI: 10.1596/38336
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  • 7
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    Using Blended Concessional Finance to Invest in Challenging Markets : Economic Considerations, Transparency, Governance, and Lessons of Experience (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Investment ; Transparency
    Abstract: Blended concessional finance is the combination of concessional funds from development partners with commercial finance from development finance institutions (DFIs) and private sources. These resources can be used strategically to help mitigate risk in challenging emerging markets and attract private investment where it otherwise would not go. It can be an important source of finance to help reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address the economic challenges brought on by Coronavirus (COVID-19). This report examines IFC's two decades of experience supporting pioneering projects with blended concessional finance. The report addresses issues such as why and when concessional finance is appropriate to support private sector projects; the key transparency, access, and governance processes required to implement projects efficiently and effectively; the principles for selecting and structuring projects; how to use blended concessional finance to invest in lower-income countries; and the different ways of structuring concessional finance facilities used by DFIs
    DOI: 10.1596/36262
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 8
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    Leading Tanzanian Women in Financial Services : An Examination of Gender Equality in Tanzania's Financial Services Sector (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender
    Abstract: There is a strong business and economic case for increasing women's representation in companies' leadership, globally, and especially in Africa. In 2019, the International Labor Organization (ILO) conducted a worldwide survey on the impact of gender diversity initiatives on 13,000 enterprises. In the study, ILO found that approximately 90 percent of companies track the quantitative impact of gender diversity initiatives around promoting women in management, and of those nearly 74 percent saw an increase in profits of between 5 and 20 percent. Given how critical the financial services sector is to economic growth, to help accelerate its progress, International Finance Corporation (IFC) launched several initiatives to better understand the opportunities and constraints to increasing the recruitment, retention, and promotion of women. In Tanzania, for example, IFC's finance2equal gender program is working in partnership with a selection of companies to reduce gender gaps in the financial services sector through research, peer learning, and firm-level support. Under this initiative, the study summarized in this report investigates gaps in workplace policies and practices as well as differences in the roles of women and men and makes recommendations to reduce gender gaps
    DOI: 10.1596/37848
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  • 9
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    She Matters : Women in Kazakhstan Corporate Leadership (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Economics
    Abstract: This report makes a case for greater gender diversity on Kazakhstan corporate boards (including the board of directors and management board). Empirical evidence from around the world shows the importance and value of gender diversity in improving firms' overall performance, including but not limited to financial performance. Gender diversity among business leaders typically leads to balanced decision-making processes, better monitoring and strategy involvement, and greater attention to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues to foster sustainability. This report analyzes the relationship between board gender diversity (defined as having at least 30 percent women on the board of directors) and the financial performance of Kazakhstan joint-stock companies (JSCs). For this purpose, a series of financial and gender indicators were collected from the data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Depository of Financial Statements and the Register of State Enterprises and Institutions, Legal Entities with the State Participation in the Authorized Capital of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Central Securities Depository, et cetera In total, the study includes financial and non-financial information from 788 JSCs between 2017-2019
    DOI: 10.1596/37851
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  • 10
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    Investing for Impact : The Global Impact Investing Market 2020 (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Capital Markets and Capital Flows ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Issues ; International Financial Markets ; Mutual Funds ; Non Bank Financial Institutions ; Private Sector Development ; Social Accountability ; Social Development
    Abstract: Impact investing has seen a boost in popularity during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic due to increased awareness of climate change and social challenges such as unequal access to healthcare and racial and gender inequality. In 2020, the market saw an increasing level of maturity compared to 2019 with more assets being invested with identifiable impact management systems. This report covers impact investments by privately owned funds and institutions, and by publicly owned development finance institutions and development banks. It includes all investments with an intent for impact and identifies a core which have impact management systems to provide a credible contribution to impact and measurement of impact. Intent, contribution and measurement are the key attributes which differentiate impact investing from other forms of sustainable or responsible investing. In total, the report identifies a total of 2.3 trillion Dollars being invested for impact in 2020. This is equivalent to about 2 percent of global AUM. Impact investing remains a small market niche, but one that is attracting growing interest. Additionally, the report shares findings on broader trends relating to investing for impact, including opportunities in publicly traded assets. IFC's report is the most comprehensive assessment so far of the size of the global impact investing market. Findings from the report are based on publicly available information and verifiable data from selected proprietary databases
    DOI: 10.1596/36263
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  • 11
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    Gender Equality in Nigeria's Private Sector : A Gender Gap Assessment of the 30 Most Capitalized Companies Listed on the Nigerian Exchange (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa, and it is projected to have the fifth largest population in the world by 2026. The gender gap is particularly acute in Nigeria, and three market failures stand out: (1) a persistent gender gap at the company leadership level; (2) lack of access to finance for women who want to start a business; and (3) women's limited access to markets through supply chains and procurement opportunities. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX) have joined forces to rally some of the largest Nigerian companies to increase women's participation in private sector development. Through the Nigeria2Equal initiative, IFC is working with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of companies listed on NGX that are committed to implementing gender-smart solutions to reduce gender gaps across leadership, employment, and entrepreneurship. Through the Nigeria2Equal initiative, IFC is working with the chief executive officers (CEOs) of companies listed on NGX that are committed to implementing gender-smart solutions to reduce gender gaps across leadership, employment, and entrepreneurship. By conducting market research and publishing studies such as this report, IFC is establishing the business case for the private sector to invest in women in Nigeria, and are helping companies to identify gaps and constraints, and invest in reducing those gaps
    DOI: 10.1596/37860
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  • 12
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    Procurement Efficiency For Infrastructure Development And Financial Needs Reassessed (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Procurement Efficiency For Infrastructure Development And Financial Needs Reassessed
    Keywords: Costs ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Em ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Infrastructure investment ; Infrastructure projects ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Road ; Roads ; Sanitation ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Em ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Infrastructure investment ; Infrastructure projects ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Road ; Roads ; Sanitation ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Em ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Infrastructure investment ; Infrastructure projects ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Investments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Road ; Roads ; Sanitation ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Infrastructure is the engine for economic growth. The international donor community has spent about 70-100 billion U.S. dollars on infrastructure development in developing countries every year. However, it is arguable whether these financial resources are used efficiently, particularly whether the current infrastructure procurement prices are appropriate. Without doubt a key is competition to curb public procurement costs. This paper analyzes procurement data from multi and bilateral official development projects in three infrastructure sectors: roads, electricity, and water and sanitation. The findings show that the competition effect is underutilized. To take full advantage of competition, at least seven bidders are needed in the road and water sectors, while three may be enough in the power sector. The paper also shows that not only competition, but also auction design, especially lot division, is crucial for reducing unit costs of infrastructure. Based on the estimated efficient unit costs, the annual financial needs are estimated at approximately 360 billion U.S. dollars. By promoting competition, the developing world might be able to save at most 8.2 percent of total infrastructure development costs
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  • 13
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    Multidimensionality And Renegotiation : Evidence From Transport-Sector Public-Private-Partnership Transactions In Latin America (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Multidimensionality And Renegotiation
    Keywords: Costs ; Debt Markets ; Diesel ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Policies ; Railway ; Railway industry ; Road ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Diesel ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Policies ; Railway ; Railway industry ; Road ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Costs ; Debt Markets ; Diesel ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure development ; Policies ; Railway ; Railway industry ; Road ; Transparency ; Transport ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Multidimensional auctions are a natural and practical solution when auctioneers pursue more than one objective in their public-private-partnership transactions. However, it is difficult to achieve auction efficiency with multiple award criteria. Using auction data from road and railway concessions in Latin America, the probability of renegotiation this paper estimates by a two-stage least squares technique with a binary selection in the first-stage regression. The findings show that auctioneers tend to adopt the multidimensional format when the need for social considerations, such as alleviation of unemployment, is high. This implies that such political considerations could hinder efficiency and transparency in auctions. The analysis also shows that the renegotiation risk in infrastructure concessions increases when multidimensional auctions are used. Rather, good governance, particularly anti-corruption policies, can mitigate the renegotiation problem
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  • 14
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    Bidder Asymmetry In Infrastructure Procurement : Are There Any Fringe Bidders? (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (24 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Bidder Asymmetry In Infrastructure Procurement
    Keywords: Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Auctions ; Bid ; Bidders ; Bidding ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Government Procurement ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International development ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public disclosure ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Auctions ; Bid ; Bidders ; Bidding ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Government Procurement ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International development ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public disclosure ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Auctions ; Bid ; Bidders ; Bidding ; Competition ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Government Procurement ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; International development ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Public disclosure
    Abstract: Asymmetric auctions are among the most rapidly growing areas in the auction literature. The potential benefits from improved auction efficiency are expected to be enormous in public procurement auctions related to official development projects. Entrant bidders are considered a key to enhance competition in an auction and break potential collusive arrangements among incumbent bidders. Asymmetric auction theory predicts that weak (fringe) bidders would bid more aggressively when they are faced with a strong (incumbent) opponent. Using official development assistance procurement data, this paper finds that in the major infrastructure sectors, entrants submitted systematically aggressive bids in the presence of an incumbent bidder. The findings also show that a high concentration of incumbents in an auction would harm auction efficiency, raising procurement costs. The results suggest that auctioneers should encourage fringe bidders to actively participate in the bidding process while maintaining the quality of the projects. This is conducive to enhancing competitive circumstances in public procurements and improving allocative efficiency
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  • 15
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    Joint Bidding In Infrastructure Procurement (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Joint Bidding In Infrastructure Procurement
    Keywords: Access to Markets ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Bidding ; Competition ; Competition policy ; Decentralization ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign companies ; Foreign firms ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public disclosure ; Access to Markets ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Bidding ; Competition ; Competition policy ; Decentralization ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign companies ; Foreign firms ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public disclosure ; Access to Markets ; Affiliated ; Affiliated organizations ; Auction ; Bidding ; Competition ; Competition policy ; Decentralization ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Foreign companies ; Foreign firms ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Microfinance ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Public disclosure
    Abstract: To utilize public resources efficiently, it is required to take full advantage of competition in public procurement auctions. Joint bidding practices are one of the possible ways of facilitating auction competition. In theory, there are pros and cons. It may enable firms to pool their financial and experiential resources and remove barriers to entry. On the other hand, it may reduce the degree of competition and can be used as a cover for collusive behavior. The paper empirically addresses whether joint bidding is pro- or anti-competitive in Official Development Assistance procurement auctions for infrastructure projects. It reveals the possible risk of relying too much on a foreign bidding coalition and may suggest the necessity of overseeing it. The data reveal no strong evidence that joint bidding practices are compatible with competition policy, except for a few cases. In road procurements, coalitional bidding involving both local and foreign firms has been found pro-competitive. In the water and sewage sector, local joint bidding may be useful to draw out better offers from potential contractors. Joint bidding composed of only foreign companies is mostly considered anti-competitive
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  • 16
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    Price Structure And Network Externalities In The Telecommunications Industry : Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Iimi, Atsushi Price Structure And Network Externalities In The Telecommunications Industry
    Keywords: Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure ; Access to Markets ; Data ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Electricity ; Emerging Markets ; Fax ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Infrastructure Development ; International Economics & Trade ; International Telecommunication ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Mobile Phone ; Mobile Phone Subscribers ; Mobile Telephone ; Network ; Penetration Rate ; Private Sector Development ; Telecommunications Infrastructure
    Abstract: Many developing countries have experienced significant developments in their telecommunications network. Countries in Africa are no exception to this. The paper examines what factor facilitates most network expansion using micro data from 45 fixed-line and mobile telephone operators in 18 African countries. In theory the telecommunications sector has two sector-specific characteristics: network externalities and discriminatory pricing. It finds that many telephone operators in the region use peak and off-peak prices and termination-based price discrimination, but are less likely to rely on strategic fee schedules such as tie-in arrangements. The estimated demand function based on a discreet consumer choice model indicates that termination-based discriminatory pricing can facilitate network expansion. It also shows that the implied price-cost margins are significantly high. Thus, price liberalization could be conducive to development of the telecommunications network led by the private sector. Some countries in Africa are still imposing certain price restrictions. But more important, it remains a policy issue how the authorities should ensure reciprocal access between operators at reasonable cost
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  • 17
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    Infrastructure And Trade Preferences For The Livestock Sector : Empirical Evidence From The Beef Industry In Africa (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (39 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Iimi, Atsushi Infrastructure And Trade Preferences For The Livestock Sector
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness ; Cred Demand ; Culture ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Equations ; Exchange ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; GDP ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets ; Markets and Market Access ; Middle Income Countries ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Policy ; Transport ; Transport Economics, Policy and Planning
    Abstract: Trade preferences are expected to facilitate global market integration and offer the potential for rapid economic growth and poverty reduction for developing countries. But those preferences do not always guarantee sustainable external competitiveness to beneficiary countries and may risk discouraging their efforts to improve underlying productivity. This paper examines the EU beef import market where several African countries have been granted preferential treatment. The estimation results suggest that profitability improvement achieved by countries under the Cotonou protocol compares unfavorably with the returns to nonbeneficiary countries in recent years. Rather, it shows that public infrastructure, such as paved roads, has an important role in lowering production costs and thus increasing external competitiveness and market shares
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