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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards a Just Coal Transition Labor Market Challenges and People's Perspectives from Wielkopolska (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Coal ; Coal and Lignite ; Employment and Unemployment ; Energy ; Energy Sector ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Part of a three-region set of papers analyzing coal-related labor market challenges in Poland, this paper focuses on Wielkopolska, which is most advanced in the transition out of coal. Finding viable job transitions is of enormous importance. The findings call for a more territorial-oriented approach to brokering the coal transition, rather than a sectoral one. First, even though limited from a regional perspective (4,000 workers), affected jobs are highly concentrated in a few already lagging and depopulating municipalities. Second, while coal-related workers are similarly skilled as other workers in Wielkopolska, non-coal related workers in the at-risk municipalities are substantially less skilled, exposing them to potential displacement effects. Finally, while ready to work and to be re-skilled, discrete choice experiments about their job attribute preferences show that all workers are averse both to commuting and relocating for work, even more so than in Silesia and Lower Silesia. Complementary social protection and employment support will be needed, and the paper suggests some policy options based on international experience. The paper concludes by illustrating how a big-data driven job-matching tool, calibrated on the Polish labor market, could be used to assist caseworkers in identifying "viable-job-transition-pathways" for affected workers as well as to help policymakers identify reskilling needs and attract investments
    DOI: 10.1596/38175
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Youth Employment in Uzbekistan : Opportunities and Challenges (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Labor Markets ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The objective of the report is to assess and find potential solutions to the challenge's youth face when transitioning from school to work with a focus on labor market 'supply side' reforms that are relevant to improve the employability of youth. We recognize that rural and urban investment climates, regulatory frameworks, taxation systems, overall macro-economic frameworks, and human capital (education and training policy, basic health) are prerequisites for many interventions on the demand side of the labor market to be successful. The report provides a holistic assessment, including both demand and supply-side constraints, triangulating findings from available qualitative and quantitative data on youth and employers. It inevitably documents an extensive set of issues. However, it does not aim to assess the broader investment climate and macro context or all firm-level constraints to job creation as a full job diagnostic would do. The lack of jobs and slow labor demand are found to be major constraints to youth employment, but macro and structural constraints to job creation are not assessed in the report in depth. The scope of the policy recommendations put forth focus on labor market reforms that could improve the employability of youth and are meant to complement recommendations on a broader set of macro and business environment reforms aimed at enabling private firms to start up, grow, and create jobs. Until major constraints to labor demand are addressed and job creation picks up, the recommendations presented in the report will remain necessary but will not be sufficient to address the youth employment challenge
    DOI: 10.1596/36589
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corruption, Business Environment, And Small Business Fixed Investment In India (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Honorati, Maddalena Corruption, Business Environment, And Small Business Fixed Investment In India
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Credit rationing ; Debt ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic growth ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Labor Policies ; Labor markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal cost ; Price elasticity of demand ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity growth ; Property rights ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tax rates ; Wage rates ; Access to Finance ; Credit rationing ; Debt ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic growth ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Labor Policies ; Labor markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal cost ; Price elasticity of demand ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity growth ; Property rights ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tax rates ; Wage rates ; Access to Finance ; Credit rationing ; Debt ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic growth ; Emerging Markets ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Labor Policies ; Labor markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Marginal cost ; Price elasticity of demand ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity growth ; Property rights ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tax rates ; Wage rates
    Abstract: This paper estimates a structural dynamic business investment equation and an error correction model of fixed assets growth on a sample of predominantly small and mid-size manufacturers in India. The results suggest that excessive labor regulation, power shortages, and problems of access to finance are all significant factors in industrial growth in the country. The estimated effects of labor regulation, power shortages and access to finance on the rate of business investment all vary by states' levels of industrial development and. Perhaps more importantly, they also depend on a fourth institutional factor, namely, corruption. The rate of fixed investment is significantly lower where power shortages are more severe and labor regulation is stronger over the full sample, but each of these impacts is also greater for businesses self-reportedly affected by corruption. Although access to finance does not seem to influence the rate of investment for most firms, there is evidence that investment decisions are constrained by cash flow in enterprises that are unaffected by corruption or power shortages. There are nuances to this story as we take into account regional specificity, but the key result always holds that labor regulation, power shortages and access to finance influence the rate of fixed investment in ways that depend on the incidence of corruption. In interpreting this finding, we would like to think of corruption as a proxy for the quality of property rights institutions in the sense of Acemoglu and Johnson (2005). On the other hand, we regard labor regulation and the financial environment of small businesses in India as instances of what Acemoglu and Johnson (2005) call 'contracting institutions'. The analysis finds that the interaction between corruption and other aspects of the institutional environment of fixed investment decisions could be seen consistent with the Acemoglu-Johnson view that the quality of property rights institutions exerts more abiding influence on economic outcomes than the quality of contracting institutions
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corruption, The Business Environment, And Small Business Growth In India (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Honorati, Maddalena Corruption, The Business Environment, And Small Business Growth In India
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Credit rationing ; Econometrics ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic growth ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Productivity growth ; Property rights ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Differentials ; Wage rates ; Access to Finance ; Credit rationing ; Econometrics ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic growth ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Productivity growth ; Property rights ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Differentials ; Wage rates ; Access to Finance ; Credit rationing ; Econometrics ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic growth ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor markets ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Political Economy ; Productivity growth ; Property rights ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Differentials ; Wage rates
    Abstract: This paper estimates a dynamic business growth equation on a sample of small-scale manufacturers. The results suggest that excessive labor regulation, power shortages, and problems of access to finance are significant influences on industrial growth in India. The expected annual sales growth rate of an enterprise is lower where labor regulation is greater, power shortages are more severe, and cash flow constraints are stronger. The effects of each of the three factors on business growth seem also to depend on a fourth element, namely, corruption. Specifically, labor regulation affects the growth only of enterprises for which corruption is not a factor in business decisions. By contrast, power shortages seem to be a drag on the growth only of enterprises self-reportedly held back by corruption. Lastly, sales growth is constrained by cash flow only in businesses that are not affected by labor regulation, power shortages, or corruption. The analysis uses corruption as a proxy for the quality of "property rights institutions" and considers labor regulation and small business financing as instances of "contracting institutions." The findings on the interaction between corruption and other aspects of business environment then seems to indicate that the quality of property rights institutions exerts more abiding influence on economic outcomes than the quality of contracting institutions. Moreover, there might also be a hierarchy among contracting institutions in their effect on manufacturing growth
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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