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  • Hintikka, Jaakko  (15)
  • McGuinness, Brian  (7)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (22)
  • History  (14)
  • Linguistics Philosophy  (9)
  • 1
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593137
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 289 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 5
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. Questions to Nature, of course, must include observations and experiments. Hintikka shows, in fact, how the logic of experimental inquiry can be understood from the interrogative vantage point. Other important topics examined include induction (in a forgotten sense that has nevertheless played a role in science), explanation, the incommensurability of theories, theory-ladenness of observations, and identifiability
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401586016
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 269 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Twentieth-century philosophy has tacitly been dominated by a deep contrast between universalist and model-theoretical visions of language. The role of this contrast is studied here in Peirce, Frege, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Quine, Husserl, Heidegger and in the development of logical theory. Hintikka also develops a new approach to truth-definitions which strongly supports the model-theoretical view
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  • 3
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583152
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 238
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Humanities ; Aesthetics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Metaphor is one of the most frequently evoked but at the same time most poorly understood concepts in philosophy and literary theory. In recent years, several interesting approaches to metaphor have been presented or outlined. In this volume, authors of some of the most important new approaches re-present their views or illustrate them by means of applications, thus allowing the reader to survey some of the prominent ongoing developments in this field. These authors include Robert Fogelin, Susan Haack, Jaakko Hintikka (with Gabriel Sandu), Bipin Indurkhya and Eva Kittay (with Eric Steinhart). Their stance is in the main constructive rather than critical; but frequent comparisons of different views further facilitate the reader's overview. In the other contributions, metaphor is related to the problems of visual representation (Noël Carroll), to the open class test (Avishai Margalit and Naomi Goldblum) as well as to Wittgenstein's idea of `a way of life' (E.M. Zemach)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401111027
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 20
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I The Historical Background -- II The Cultural Background -- III The Philosophical Atmosphere in Vienna -- IV Why the Circle invited me. The Theory of Curves and Dimension Theory -- V Vignettes of the Members of the Circle in 1927 -- VI Reminiscences of the Wittgenstein Family -- VII Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Austrian Dictionary -- VIII Wittgenstein’s Tractatus and the Early Circle -- IX On the Communication of Metaphysical Ideas. Wittgenstein’s Ontology -- X Wittgenstein, Brower, and the Circle -- XI Discussions in the Circle 1927–30 -- XII Poland and the Vienna Circle -- XIII The United States 1930–31 -- XIV Discussions in the Circle 1931–34 -- XV The Circle on Ethics -- XVI Moritz Schlick’s Final Years -- Memories of Kurt Gödel -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Karl Menger was born in Vienna on January 13, 1902, the only child of two gifted parents. His mother Hermione, nee Andermann (1870-1922), in addition to her musical abilities, wrote and published short stories and novelettes, while his father Carl (1840-1921) was the noted Austrian economist, one of the founders of marginal utility theory. A highly cultured man, and a liberal rationalist in the nine­ teenth century sense, the elder Menger had witnessed the defeat and humiliation of the old Austrian empire by Bismarck's Prussia, and the subsequent establishment under Prussian leadership of a militaristic, mystically nationalistic, state-capitalist German empire - in effect, the first modern "military-industrial complex. " These events helped frame in him a set of attitudes that he later transmitted to his son, and which included an appreciation of cultural attainments and tolerance and respect for cultural differences, com­ bined with a deep suspicion of rabid nationalism, particularly the German variety. Also a fascination with structure, whether artistic, scientific, philosophical, or theological, but a rejection of any aura of mysticism or mumbo-jumbo accompanying such structure. Thus the son remarked at least once that the archangels' chant that begins the Prolog im Himmel in Goethe's Faust was perhaps the most viii INTRODUCTION beautiful thing in the German language "but of course it doesn't mean anything.
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401583367
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 394 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 239
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Mathematical logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789401108287
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 142 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 21
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The contribution made by the Vienna Circle to ethics and the philosophy of action is increasingly being recognized. Here two previously unpublished pieces by Moritz Schlick and his pupil Josef Schächter set the scene, showing how ethics is not dependent on metaphysics but does require a sensitivity to strata of language other than that of science. Schächter (author of Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar, also in the VCC, and now doyen of educational philosophers in Israel) further develops this ethical theme in a too little known study of pessimistic dicta that he published in 1938. He succeeds (without ever assenting to it) in giving sense to the idea that it were better for a man never to have been born. The bulk of the book is devoted to two works by Friedrich Waismann, probably written not long after his emigration to England, also in 1938. There are a paper on ethics and science, which defends the Wittgensteinian view that morality is something one cannot defend, but only profess, and (itself more than half the volume) a treatise on will and motive, where the influence of Wittgenstein is mediated by that of Ryle and where many points in modern theory of action are anticipated with the author's usual sensitivity both to language and to the complexity of the human situation. (Joachim Schulte recently edited these two works in the original German, otherwise they have remained unpublished). This valuable addition to the VCC should illuminate both the history of the Circle and the kind of reflection on language and action which dominates the practical philosophy of our own day
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  • 7
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400926479
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (266p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 200
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Essay 1. Is Alethic Modal Logic Possible? -- Essay 2. Reasoning About Knowledge in Philosophy: The Paradigm of Epistemic Logic -- Essay 3. Are There Nonexistent Objects? Why Not? But Where Are They? -- Essay 4. On Sense, Reference, and the Objects of Knowledge -- Essay 5. Impossible Possible Worlds Vindicated -- Essay 6. Towards a General Theory of Individuation and Identification -- Essay 7. On the Proper Treatment of Quantifiers in Montague Semantics -- Essay 8. The Cartesian cogito, Epistemic Logic and Neuroscience: Some Surprising Interrelations -- Essay 9. Quine on Who’s Who -- Essay 10. How Can Language Be Sexist? -- Essay 11. On Denoting What? -- Essay 12. Degrees and Dimensions of Intentionality -- Essay 13. Situations, Possible Worlds and Attitudes -- Essay 14. Questioning as a Philosophical Method -- Erratum -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Names.
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  • 8
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    ISBN: 9789400946224
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (484p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 17
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    Schlagwort(e): History ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Author’s Preface to the First Edition -- Author’s Preface to the Second Edition (Excerpt) -- I. Historical Survey of the Development of Thermometry -- II. Critical Discussion of the Conception of Temperature -- III. On the Determination of High Temperatures -- IV. Names and Numbers -- V. The Continuum -- VI. Historical Survey of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VII. The Development of the Theory of Conduction of Heat -- VIII. Historical Survey of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- IX. Review of the Development of the Theory of Radiation of Heat -- X. Historical Survey of the Development of Calorimetry -- XI. Criticism of Calorimetric Conceptions -- XII. The Calorimetric Properties of Gases -- XIII. The Development of Thermodynamics. Carnot’s Principle -- XIV. The Development of Thermodynamics. The Principle of Mayer and Joule. The Principle of Energy -- XV. The Development of Thermodynamics. Unifying the Principles -- XVI. Concise Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics -- XVII. The Absolute (Thermodynamic) Scale of Temperature -- XVIII. Critical Review of the Development of Thermodynamics. The Sources of the Principle of Energy -- XIX. Extension of the Theorem of Carnot and Clausius. The Conformity and the Differences of Energies. The Limits of the Principle of Energy -- XX. The Borderland between Physics and Chemistry -- XXI. The Relation of Physical and Chemical Processes -- XXII. The Opposition between Mechanical and Phenomenological Physics -- XXIII. The Evolution of Science -- XXIV. The Sense of the Marvellous -- XXV. Transformation and Adaptation in Scientific Thought -- XXVI. The Economy of Science -- XXVII. Comparison as a Scientific Principle -- XXVIII. Language -- XXIX. The Concept -- XXX. The Concept of Substance -- XXXI. Causality and Explanation -- XXXII. Revision of Scientific Views Caused by Chance Circumstances -- XXXIII. The Paths of Investigation -- XXXIV. The Aim of Investigation -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: xi should hope for "first and foremost" from any historical investigation, including his own, was that "it may not be too tedious. " II That hope is generally realized in Mach's historical writings, most of which are as lively and interesting now as they were when they appeared. Mach did not follow any existing model of historical or philosophical or scientific exposition, but went at things his own way combining the various approaches as needed to reach the goals he set for himself. When he is at his best we get a sense of the Mach whom William James met on a visit to Prague, the Mach whose four hours of "unforgettable conversation" gave the forty year old, well traveled James the strongest "impression of pure intellectual genius" he had yet received, and whose "absolute simplicity of manner and winningness of smile" captivated him completely. 12 Consider, for example, the first few chapters of this book, Principles of the Theory of Heat, which Mach devotes to the notion of temperature, that most fundamental of all thermal concepts. He begins by trying to trace the path that leads from our sensations of hot and cold to a numerical temperature scale.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789400945524
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 181
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; History ; Logic. ; Linguistics.
    Kurzfassung: I Introduction -- General Introduction -- Putting Frege in Perspective -- II Semantics and Epistemology -- Frege and Vagueness -- Semantic Content and Cognitive Sense -- Objectivity and Objecthood: Frege’s Metaphysics of Judgment -- Frege on Truth -- Frege on Existence -- III Logical Theory -- Frege’s Proof of Referentiality -- Frege, Russell and Logicism: A Logical Reconstruction -- Frege’s Technical Concepts: Some Recent Developments -- IV Philosophy of Mathematics -- Frege, Dedekind, and the Philosophy of Mathematics -- Continuity and Change in Frege’s Philosophy of Mathematics -- Grundgesetze, Section 10 -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: cake, even though it is typically given the pride of place in expositions in Frege's semantics. As a part of this attempted reversal of emphasis, Jaakko Hintikka has also called attention to the role Frege played in convincing almost everyone that verbs for being had to be treated as multiply ambiguous between the "is" of identity, the "is" of predication, the "is" of existence, and the "is" of class-inclusion - a view that had been embraced by few major figures (if any) before Frege, with the exception of John Stuart Mill and Augustus De Morgan. Hintikka has gone on to challenge this ambiguity thesis. At the same time, Frege's role in the genesis of another major twentieth-century philosophical movement, the phenomenological one, has become an important issue. Even the translation of Frege's key term "Bedeutung" as "reference" has become controversial. The interpretation of Frege is thus thrown largely back in the melting pot. In editing this volume, we have not tried to publish the last word on Frege. Even though we may harbor such ambitions ourselves, they are not what has led to the present editorial enterprise. What we have tried to do is to bring together some of the best ongoing work on Frege. Even though the ultimate judgment on our success lies with out readers, we want to register our satisfaction with all the contributions.
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400954106
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 26
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 26
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I: Introduction to Game-Theoretical Semantics -- 1. General -- 2. Formal first-order languages -- 3. Equivalence with Tarski-type truth-definitions -- 4. Translation to higher-order languages -- 5. Partially ordered quantifiers -- 6. Subgames and functional interpretations -- 7. Extension to natural languages -- 8. Similarities and differences between formal and natural languages -- 9. Competing ordering principles -- 10. Atomic sentences -- 11. Further rules for natural languages -- 12. Explanatory strategies -- Notes to Part I -- II: Definite Descriptions -- 1. Russell on definite descriptions -- 2. Prima facie difficulties with Russell’s theory -- 3. Can we localize Russell’s theory? -- 4. Game-theoretical solution to the localization problem -- 5. Anaphoric “the” in formal languages -- 6. Applications -- 7. Epithetic and counterepithetic the-phrases -- 8. Vagaries of the alleged head-anaphor relation -- 9. The anaphoric use of definite descriptions as a semantical phenomenon -- 10. The quantifier-exclusion phenomenon in natural languages -- 11. Inductive choice sets -- 12. Other uses of “the” -- 13. The Russellian use -- 14. The generic use motivated -- 15. Conclusions from the “pragmatic deduction” -- Notes to Part II -- III: Towards a Semantical Theory of Pronominal Anaphora -- I: Different Approaches to Anaphora -- II: A Game-Theoretical Approach to Anaphora -- III: The Exclusion Principle -- IV: General Theoretical Issues -- V: GTS expalains Coreference Restrictions -- VI: Comparisons with Other Treatments -- Notes to Part III -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: I n order to appreciate properly what we are doing in this book it is necessary to realize that our approach to linguistic theorizing differs from the prevailing views. Our approach can be described by indicating what distinguishes it from the methodological ideas current in theoretical linguistics, which I consider seriously misguided. Linguists typically construe their task in these days as that of making exceptionless generalizations from particular examples. This explanatory strategy is wrong in several different ways. It presupposes that we can have "intuitions" about particular examples, usually examples invented by the linguist himself or herself, reliable and sharp enough to serve as a basis of sharp generalizations. It also presupposes that we cannot have equally reliable direct access to general linguistic regularities. Both assumptions appear to me extremely dubious, and the first of them has in effect been challenged by linguists like Dwight Bol inger. There is also some evidence that the degree of unanimity among linguists is fairly low when it comes to less clear cases, even in connection with such relatively simple questions as grammaticality (acceptability). For this reason we have tried to rely more on quotations from contemporary fiction, newspapers and magazines than on linguists' and philosophers' ad hoc examples. I also find it strange that some of the same linguists as believe that we all possess innate ideas about general characteristics of humanly possible grammars assume that we can have access to them only via their particular consequences.
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  • 11
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    ISBN: 9789401091886
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 428 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Language Library, Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 18
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 18
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Computational linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Dialogue and Cognition -- Diplomatic Communication -- Insight and Self-Observation: Their Role in the Analysis of the Etiology of Illness -- Parental Communication Deviance and Schizophrenia: A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis -- Contributions of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere in Perceiving Paralinguistic Cues of Emotion -- Towards a Computational Theory of Semantic Memory -- Two Types of Discourse in Hölderlin’s Madness -- Problems in Question Answering -- Looking for a Process Model of Dialogue: Speculations from the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence -- Jokes and the Logic of the Cognitive Unconscious -- A Logical Form Based on the Structural Descriptions of Events -- Linguistic and Situational Context in a Model of Task-Oriented Dialogue -- Some Ways of Representing Dialogues -- Towards a Logical Model of Dialogue -- Message Theory and the Semantics of Dialogue -- Rules, Utilities, and Strategies in Dialogical Games -- Focus and Dialogue Games: A Game-Theoretical Approach to the Interpretation of Intonational Focusing -- Intensional Man vs Extensional Man: A Difficult Dialogue -- Dynamic Model Selection in the Interpretation of Discourse -- Modelling the Dialogue by means of Formal Language Theory -- Precisiation of Meaning via Translation into PRUF -- Conversations between Programs -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Communication is one of the most challenging human phenomena, and the same is true of its paradigmatic verbal realization as a dialogue. Not only is communication crucial for virtually all interpersonal relations; dialogue is often seen as offering us also a paradigm for important intra-individual processes. The best known example is undoubtedly the idea of concep­ tualizing thinking as an internal dialogue, "inward dialogue carried on by the mind within itself without spoken sound", as Plato called it in the Sophist. At first, the study of communication seems to be too vaguely defmed to have much promise. It is up to us, so to speak, to decide what to say and how to say it. However, on eloser scrutiny, the process of communication is seen to be subject to various subtle constraints. They are due inter alia to the nature of the parties of the communicative act, and most importantly, to the properties of the language or other method of representation presupposed in that particuIar act of communication. It is therefore not surprising that in the study of communication as a cognitive process the critical issues revolve around the nature of the representations and the nature of the computations that create, maintain and interpret these representations. The term "repre­ sentation" as used here indicates a particular way of specifying information about a given subject.
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  • 12
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    ISBN: 9789401098472
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (356p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Language Library, Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 22
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 22
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Computational linguistics ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1 / Game-Theoretical Semantics: Insights and Prospects -- 2 / Semantical Games and Transcendental Arguments -- 3 / Semantical Games, Subgames, and Functional Interpretations -- 4 / Any Problems — No Problems -- 5 / Temporal Discourse and Semantical Games -- 6 / Definite Descriptions in Game-Theoretical Semantics -- 7 / “Is”, Semantical Games, and Semantical Relativity -- 8 / Semantical Games and Aristotelian Categories -- 9 / On the Any-Thesis and the Methodology of Linguistics -- 10 / Theories of Truth and Learnable Languages -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: Since the first chapter of this book presents an intro­ duction to the present state of game-theoretical semantics (GTS), there is no point in giving a briefer survey here. Instead, it may be helpful to indicate what this volume attempts to do. The first chapter gives a short intro­ duction to GTS and a survey of what is has accomplished. Chapter 2 puts the enterprise of GTS into new philo­ sophical perspective by relating its basic ideas to Kant's phi losophy of mathematics, space, and time. Chapters 3-6 are samples of GTS's accomplishments in understanding different kinds of semantical phenomena, mostly in natural languages. Beyond presenting results, some of these chapters also have other aims. Chapter 3 relates GTS to an interesting line of logical and foundational studies - the so-called functional interpretations - while chapter 4 leads to certain important methodological theses. Chapter 7 marks an application of GTS in a more philo­ sophical direction by criticizing the Frege-Russell thesis that words like "is" are multiply ambiguous. This leads in turn to a criticism of recent logical languages (logical notation), which since Frege have been based on the ambi­ guity thesis, and also to certain methodological sug­ gestions. In chapter 8, GTS is shown to have important implications for our understanding of Aristotle's doctrine of categories, while chapter 9 continues my earlier criticism of Chomsky's generative approach to linguistic theorizing.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401727662
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 332 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 146
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Why Do We Find the Origin of a Calculus of Probabilities in the Seventeenth Century? -- Some Remarks on the Calculus of Probability in the Eighteenth Century -- Probability and the Problem of Induction -- Probabilities and Causes: On Life Tables, Causes of Death, and Etiological Diagnoses -- From the Emergence of Probability to the Erosion of Determinism -- John Venn’s Logic of Chance -- Robert Leslie Ellis and the Frequency Theory -- Reduction as a Problem: Some Remarks on the History of Statistical Mechanics from a Philosophical Point of View -- Boltzmann’s Conception of Theory Construction: The Promotion of Pluralism, Provisionalism, and Pragmatic Realism -- The Mach-Boltzmann Controversy and Maxwell’s Views on Physical Reality -- Boltzmann, Mach and Russian Physicists of the Late Nineteenth Century -- An Example of a Theory-Frame: Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another? -- A Comment on E. Agazzi, ‘What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another?’ -- Methodology and the Functional Identity of Science and Philosophy -- On Making History -- A Comment on J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Reply to J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Influences of Some Concepts of Biology on Progress in Philosophy -- Philosophy of Science, History of Science, and Science of Science -- Interrelations between History of Science and Philosophy of Science in Research in the Development of Technical Sciences -- From History of Science to Theory of Science: An Essay on V.I. Vernadsky’s Work (1863–1945) -- Utility versus Truth: At Least One Reflection on the Importance of the Philosophy of Science for the History of Science -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The two volumes to which this is apreface consist of the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on History and Philosophy of Science. The Conference was organized by the Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS) under the auspices of the IUHPS, the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, and the Domus Galilaeana of Pisa, headed by Professor Vincenzo Cappelletti. Domus Galilaeana also served as the host institution, with some help from the University of Pisa. The Conference took place in Pisa, Italy, on September 4-8, 1978. The editors of these two volumes of the Proceedings of the Pisa Conference acknowledge with gratitude the help by the different sponsoring organizations, and in the first place that by both Divisions of the IUHPS, which made the Conference possible. A special recognition is due to Professor Evandro Agazzi, President of the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, who was co­ opted as an additional member of the Organizing Committee. This committee was otherwise identical with the Joint Commission, whose members were initially John Murdoch, John North, Arpad Szab6, Robert Butts, Jaakko Hintikka, and Vadim Sadovsky. Later, Erwin Hiebert and Lubos Novy were appointed as additional members.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789400990456
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 145
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Section I: The Structure of Theory Change -- The Growth of Theories: Comments on the Structuralist Approach -- Logic and the Theory of Scientific Change -- What Have They Done to Kuhn? An Ideological Introduction in Chiaroscuro -- Comment on Zev Bechler’s Paper ‘What Have They Done to Kuhn?’ -- Comments on Bechler, Niiniluoto and Sadovsky -- The Sociological and the Methodological in the Study of Changes in Science -- Section II: The Early History of the Axiomatic Method -- Concerning the Ancient Greek Ideal of Theoretical Thought -- Was There an Eleatic Background to Pre-Euclidean Mathematics? -- Aristotelian Axiomatics and Geometrical Axiomatics -- On the Early History of Axiomatics: The Interaction of Mathematics and Philosophy in Greek Antiquity -- Some Remarks on the Controversy between Prof. Knorr and Prof. Szabó -- On the Early History of Axiomatics: A Reply to Some Criticisms -- Limitations of the Axiomatic Method in Ancient Greek Mathematical Sciences -- On Axiomatic and Genetic Construction of Mathematical Theories -- On the Role of Axiomatic Method in the Development of Ancient Mathematics -- Section III: The Philosophical Presuppositions and Shifting Interpretations of Galileo -- Galilée et la Mécanisation du Système du Monde -- Galileo and the Post-Renaissance -- Galileo and the Methods of Science -- Philosophical Presuppositions and Shifting Interpretations of Galileo -- Creative Work as an Object of Theoretical Understanding -- Galileo and the Emergence of a New Scientific Style -- Philosophy of Science and the Art of Historical Interpretation -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 15
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400989825
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 13
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I Superfluous Entities, or Occam’s Razor (1930) -- II The Significance of the Scientific World View, Especially for Mathematics and Physics (1930) -- III Discussion about the Foundations of Mathematics (1930) -- IV Empiricism, Mathematics, and Logic (1929) -- V Reflections on Max Planck’s Positivismus und reale Aussenwelt (?1931) -- VI Review of Alfred Pringsheim, Vorlesungen über Zahlen- und Funktionenlehre, Vol. I, parts I and II, Leipzig and Berlin 1916 (1919) -- VII The Crisis in Intuition (1933) -- VIII Does the Infinite exist? (1934) -- Bibliography of the Works of H. Hahn.
    Kurzfassung: The role Hans Hahn played in the Vienna Circle has not always been sufficiently appreciated. It was important in several ways. In the ftrst place, Hahn belonged to the trio of the original planners of the Circle. As students at the University of Vienna and throughout the fIrst decade of this century, he and his friends, Philipp Frank and Otto Neurath, met more or less regularly to discuss philosophical questions. When Hahn accepted his fIrSt professorial position, at the University of Czernowitz in the north­ east of the Austrian empire, and the paths of the three friends parted, they decided to continue such informal discussions at some future time - perhaps in a somewhat larger group and with the cooperation of a philosopher from the university. Various events delayed the execution of the project. Drafted into the Austrian army during the first world war" Hahn was wounded on the Italian front. Toward the end of the war he accepted an offer from the University of Bonn extended in recognition of his remarkable 1 mathematical achievements. He remained in Bonn until the spring of 1921 when he returm:d to Vienna and a chair of mathe­ matics at his alma mater. There, in 1922, the Mach-Boltzmann professorship for the philosophy of the inductive sciences became vacant by the death of Adolf Stohr; and Hahn saw a chance to realize his and his friends' old plan.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789401717809
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 338 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 12
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 12
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I / History of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science -- The Sources of Modern Methodology -- Difficulties in the Historiography of Science -- Logical, Ontological and Methodological Aspects of Scientific Revolutions -- The Origins of Traditional Grammar -- Galileo and the Justification of Experiments -- Leibnizian Space-Times and Leibnizian Algebras -- Changing Concepts of the a Priori -- Competing and Complementary Patterns of Explanation in Social Science -- Subjectivity, Objectivity and Ontological Commitment in the Empirical Sciences -- Genealogy of Science and Theory of Knowledge -- II / Historical Perspectives on the Concept of Matter -- Evolution of the Concept of Matter in Science and Philosophy -- Material Causality -- III / Theory Change -- Describing Revolutionary Scientific Change: a Formal Approach -- Accidental (‘Non-Substantial’) Theory Change and Theory Dislodgment -- Theory-Change as Structure-Change: Comments on the Sneed Formalism -- IV / Programme of the 5th Congress (Appendix) -- Programme of the Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science was held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 27 August to 2 September 1975. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, and was sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada and the University of Western Ontario. As those associated closely with the work of the Division over the years know well, the work undertaken by its members varies greatly and spans a number of fields not always obviously related. In addition, the volume of work done by first rate scholars and scientists in the various fields of the Division has risen enormously. For these and related reasons it seemed to the editors chosen by the Divisional officers that the usual format of publishing the proceedings of the Congress be abandoned in favour of a somewhat more flexible, and hopefully acceptable, method of pre­ sentation. Accordingly, the work of the invited participants to the Congress has been divided into four volumes appearing in the University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. The volumes are entitled, Logic, Foundations of Mathematics and Computability Theory, Foun­ dational Problems in the Special Sciences, Basic Problems in Methodol­ ogy and Linguistics, and Historical and Philosophical Dimensions of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401708371
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 324 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 11
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 11
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I / Problems in the Methodology of Science -- Methodology and Systematic Philosophy -- Identity by Sense in Empirical Sciences -- Towards a General Semantics of Empirical Theories -- II / Identifiability Problems -- Identifiability and the Status of Theoretical Terms -- Definability and Identifiability: Certain Problems and Hypotheses -- On Identifiability in Extended Domains -- Prediction and Identifiability -- III / Foundations of Probability and Induction -- An Argument for Comparative Probability -- On the Truthlikeness of Generalizations -- A Third Dogma of Empiricism -- Causal Thinking in Judgment under Uncertainty -- IV / The Concept of Randomness -- A Survey of the Theory of Random Sequences -- Mises Redux -- V / Foundational Problems in Linguistics -- Foundations of Philosophical Pragmatics -- On Problems of Speech Act Theory -- VI / The Prospects of Transformational Grammar -- Transformations and Categories in Syntax -- Consequence of Speaking -- Formal Properties of Phonological Rules -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science was held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 27 August to 2 September 1975. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, and was sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada and the University of Western Ontario. As those associated closely with the work of the Division over the years know well, the work undertaken by its members varies greatly and spans a number of fields not always obviously related. In addition, the volume of work done by first rate scholars and scientists in the various fields of the Division has risen enormously. For these and related reasons it seemed to the editors chosen by the Divisional officers that the usual format of publishing the proceedings of the Congress be abandoned in favour of a somewhat more flexible, and hopefully acceptable, method of pre­ sentation. Accordingly, the work of the invited participants to the Congress has been divided into four volumes appearing in the University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. The volumes are entitled, Logic, Foundations of Mathematics and Computability Theory, Foun­ dational Problems in the Special Sciences, Basic Problems in Methodol­ ogy and Linguistics, and Historical and Philosophical Dimensions of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789401011419
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 10
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 10
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I/Foundations of The Physical Sciences -- Genesis and Observership -- The Methodology of Physics and Topology -- Axiomatics and the Search for the Foundations of Physics -- II/The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics -- What is Philosophically Interesting about Quantum Mechanics? -- Completeness and Realism in Quantum Mechanics -- III/Foundations of biology -- The Ontological Status of Species as Evolutionary Units -- Theories and Observations of Developmental Biology -- Organic Determinism and Teleology in Biological Research -- Explicit and Implicit Semantic Content of the Genetic Information -- IV/Foundations of Psychology -- Consciousness and the Brain -- Causality and Action -- Methodological Aspects of Analysis of Activity -- V/The Status of Learning Theories -- A Survey of Contemporary Learning Theories -- Conditioning as the Perception of Causal Relations -- Leanable Functions -- VI/Foundations of The Social Sciences -- The Methodology of Social Knowledge and the Problem of the Integration of the Sciences -- VII/Justice and Social Change -- Welfare Inequalities and Rawlsian Axiomatics -- Nonlinear Social Welfare Functions: A Rejoinder to Prof. Sen -- Non Linear Social Welfare Functions: A Reply to Prof. Harsanyi -- The Measurement of Social Inequality -- VIII/Rationality in Social Sciences -- Advances in Understanding Rational Behavior -- Towards a Unified Decision Theory: A Non-Bayesian Approach -- On the Rationale of the Bayesian Approach: Comments on Prof. Watkins’s Paper -- The Dual Function of Rationality -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science was held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 27 August to 2 September 1975. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, and was sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada and the University of Western Ontario. As those associated closely with the work of the Division over the years know weIl, the work undertaken by its members varies greatly and spans a number of fields not always obviously related. In addition, the volume of work done by first rate scholars and scientists in the various fields of the Division has risen enormously. For these and related reasons it seemed to the editors chosen by the Divisional officers that the usual format of publishing the proceedings of the Congress be abandoned in favour of a somewhat more flexible, and hopefully acceptable, method of pre­ sentation. Accordingly, the work of the invited participants to the Congress has been divided into four volumes appearing in the University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. The volumes are entitled, Logic, Foundations of Mathematics and Computability Theory, Foun­ dational Problems in the Special Sciences, Basic Problems in Methodol­ ogy and Linguistics, and Historical and Philosophical Dimensions of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789401011389
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 9
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 9
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I/Mathematical Logic -- Constructions ‘by Finite’ -- Some Eastern Two Cardinal Theorems -- Functional Interpretation and Kripke Models -- Axioms for Intuitionistic Mathematics Incompatible with Classical Logic -- II/Foundations of Mathematical Theories -- Ineffability Properties of Cardinals II -- Non-Standard Analysis -- Some Purely Mathematical Results Inspired by Mathematical Logic -- Interpretability of Elementary Theories -- III/Category Theory -- Categorical Foundations and Foundations of Category Theory -- IV/Computability Theory -- Re Sets Higher Up (Dedicated to J. B. Rosser) -- Computable Numberings -- On the Basic Notions in the Theory of Induction -- Basic Concepts of Computer Science and Logic -- Structural Relations between Programs and Problems -- Algorithmic Logic, a Tool for Investigations of Programs -- V/Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics -- On a Semantical Language Hierarchy in a Constructive Mathematical Logic -- VI/On The Concept of a Set -- Large Sets -- What is the Iterative Conception of Set? -- VII/Philosophy of Logic -- Do-it-yourself Semantics for Classical Sequent Calculi, including Ramified Type Theory -- Some Philosophical Problems of Hintikka’s Possible Worlds Semantics -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science was held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 27 August to 2 September 1975. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, and was sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada and the University of Western Ontario. As those associated closely with the work of the Division over the years know well, the work undertaken by its members varies greatly and spans a number of fields not always obviously related. In addition, the volume of work done by first rate scholars and scientists in the various fields of the Division has risen enormously. For these and related reasons it seemed to the editors chosen by the Divisional officers that the usual format of publishing the proceedings of the Congress be abandoned in favour of a somewhat more flexible, and hopefully acceptable, method of pre­ sentation. Accordingly, the work of the invited participants to the Congress has been divided into four volumes appearing in the University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. The volumes are entitled, Logic, Foundations of Mathematics and Computability Theory, Foun­ dational Problems in the Special Sciences, Basic Problems in Methodol­ ogy and Linguistics, and Historical and Philosophical Dimensions of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401011440
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (212p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 8
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. The Nature of the Axiom of Reducibility (1928) -- II. A Logical Analysis of the Concept of Probability (1930) -- III. The Concept of Identity (1936) -- IV. Moritz Schlick’s Significance for Philosophy (1936) -- V. Hypotheses (before 1936?) -- VI. Is Logic a Deductive Theory? (1938) -- VII. The Relevance of Psychology to Logic (1938) -- VIII. What is Logical Analysis? (1939) -- IX. Fiction (1950) -- X. A Note on Existence (1952) -- XI. A Remark on Experience (I950’s) -- XII. The Linguistic Technique (after 1953) -- XIII. Belief and Knowledge (1950’s) -- XIV. Two Accounts of Knowing (1950’s) -- Bibliography of Works by Friedrich Waismann -- Index of Names.
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  • 21
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401017091
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (380p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 21
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 21
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Editorial Introduction -- Quine’s Philosophy of Science -- An Introduction to ‘Translation and Meaning’, Chapter Two of Word and Object -- Beginning with Ordinary Things -- Quine’s Empirical Assumptions -- Behavioral Criteria of Radical Translation -- Conventionalism and the Indeterminacy of Translation -- Singular Terms and Predication -- Vacuous Names -- Quine’s Syntactical Insights -- On Saying That -- Quine on Modality -- Some Problems about Belief -- Quantifying In -- Logic with Platonism -- On the Consistency of a Slight (?) Modification of Quine’s New Foundations -- Replies -- Publications of W. V. Quine.
    Kurzfassung: It is gratifying to see that philosophers' continued interest in Words and Objections has been so strong as to motivate a paperback edition. This is gratifying because it vindicates the editors' belief in the permanent im­ portance of Quine's philosophy and in the value of the papers com­ menting on it which were collected in our volume. Apart from a couple of small corrections, only one change has been made. The list of Professor Quine's writings has been brought up to date. The editors cannot claim any credit for this improvement, however. We have not tried to imitate the Library of Living Philosophers volumes and to include Professor Quine's autobiography in this volume, but we are fortunate to publish here his brand-new auto bibliography. 1975 THE EDITORS TABLE OF CONTENTS V PREFACE 1 EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION 1. 1. C. SMAR T / Quine's Philosophy of Science 3 GILBERT HARMAN / An Introduction to 'Translation and Meaning', Chapter Two of Word and Object 14 ERIK STENIUS / Beginning with Ordinary Things 27 NOAM CHOMSKY / Quine's Empirical Assumptions 53 1AAKKO HINTIKKA / Behavioral Criteria of Radical Translation 69 BARRY STROUD / Conventionalism and the Indeterminacy of Translation 82 P. F. STRA WSON / Singular Terms and Predication 97 118 H. P. GRICE / Vacuous Names P. T.
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401020916
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 5
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I/From Populäre Schriften: (Writings addressed to the Public) -- Dedication (1905) -- Foreword (1905) -- 1. On the Methods of Theoretical Physics (1892) -- 3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (1886) -- 5. On the Significance of Theories (1890) -- 9. On Energetics (1896) -- 10. On the Indispensability of Atomism in Natural Science (1897) -- 11. More on Atomism (1897) -- 12. On the Question of the Objective Existence of Processes in Inanimate Nature (1897) -- 14. On the Development of the Methods of Theoretical Physics in Recent Times (1899) -- 16. On the Fundamental Principles and Equations of Mechanics, I, II (1899) -- 17. On the Principles of Mechanics, I, II (1900, 1902) -- 18. An Inaugural Lecture on Natural Philosophy (1903) -- 19. On Statistical Mechanics (1904) -- 20. Reply to a Lecture on Happiness given by Prof. Ostwald (1904) -- 22. On a Thesis of Schopenhauer’s (1905) -- II/From Nature51 (1895) -- On Certain Questions of the Theory of Gases -- III/From Encyclopaedia Britannica10,11 -- Model (1902) -- IV/From Vorlesungen Über Die Principe Der Mechanik (Lectures on the Principles of Mechanics) -- One (1897) -- Two (1904) -- Index Of Names.
    Kurzfassung: l. The work of Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) consists of two kinds of writings: in the first part of his active life he devoted himself entirely to problems of physics, while in the second part he tried to find a philosoph­ 1 ical background for his activities in and around the natural sciences. Most scientists are much more aware of his creative work in physics than of his digressions on the meaning and structure of science. I think in the present case the reason is not so much that most scientists are usually almost entirely occupied with their trade, because Boltzmann's philosophical work is also concerned with the (natural) sciences. I rather believe that the quality and consistency of Boltzmann's purely scientific work is of a more appealing nature than his less structured considerations on human activity in science and in life in general. 2. I think that it may be appropriate for the readers of this anthology to say a few words on the main findings of Boltzmann in physics, since in the end their 'philosophical' inlpact has been larger than the effect of his later writings. Moreover some knowledge of his scientific achievements can be helpful for the understanding and appreciation of the essays printed in this book, which almost all stem from Boltzmann's philosophical period. Boltzmann was one of the main protagonists - at least in continental Europe - of atomistics for explaining the phenomena of physics.
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