ISBN:
9781119403920
Language:
English
Pages:
1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 458 Seiten)
,
Illustrationen
Edition:
Eighth edition
Parallel Title:
Erscheint auch als Goudie, Andrew, 1945 - Human impact on the natural environment
DDC:
304.2
Keywords:
Klimaänderung
;
Umweltbelastung
;
Anthropogener Einfluss
;
Umweltgeografie
Abstract:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the Eighth Edition -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Development of Ideas -- 1.2 The Anthropocene -- 1.3 The Development of Human Population and Stages of Cultural Development -- 1.4 Hunting and Gathering -- 1.5 Humans as Cultivators and Keepers -- 1.6 Mining and Metals -- 1.7 Modern Industrial and Urban Civilizations -- 1.8 The Great Acceleration -- 1.9 Methods of Study -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 2 The Human Impact on Vegetation -- 2.1 Human Impacts on Nature -- 2.2 Vegetation Change: Introduction -- 2.3 The Use of Fire -- 2.4 Fires: Natural and Anthropogenic -- 2.5 Some Consequences of Fire Suppression -- 2.6 Some Effects of Fire on Vegetation -- 2.7 The Role of Grazing -- 2.8 Deforestation -- 2.9 Tropical Forests -- 2.10 The Forest Transition -- 2.11 Secondary Rain Forest -- 2.12 The Human Role in the Creation and Maintenance of Savanna -- 2.13 The Spread of Desert Vegetation on Desert Margins -- 2.14 The Maquis of the Mediterranean Lands -- 2.15 The Prairies and Other Mid‐latitude and High‐altitude Grasslands -- 2.16 Post‐glacial Vegetational Change in Britain and Europe -- 2.17 Lowland Heaths -- 2.18 Introduction, Invasion, and Explosion -- 2.19 Air Pollution and Its Effects on Plants -- 2.20 Forest Decline -- 2.21 Miscellaneous Causes of Plant Decline -- 2.22 The Change in Genetic and Species Diversity -- 2.23 Conclusion: Threats to Plant Life -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 3 The Human Impact on Animals -- 3.1 Domestication of Animals -- 3.2 Dispersal and Invasions of Animals -- 3.3 Human Influence on the Expansion of Animal Populations -- 3.4 Causes of Animal Contractions and Decline: Pollution -- 3.5 Habitat Change and Animal Decline -- 3.6 Other Causes of Animal Decline -- 3.7 Animal Extinctions in Prehistoric Times
Abstract:
3.8 Modern‐day Extinctions -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 4 The Human Impact on the Soil -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Salinity: Natural Sources -- 4.3 Human Agency and Increased Salinity -- 4.4 Irrigation Salinity -- 4.5 Dryland Salinity -- 4.6 Urban Salinity -- 4.7 Inter‐basin Water Transfers -- 4.8 Coastal Zone Salinity -- 4.9 Consequences of Salinity -- 4.10 Reclamation of Salt‐affected Lands -- 4.11 Lateritization -- 4.12 Accelerated Podzolization and Acidification -- 4.13 Soil Carbon -- 4.14 Soil Structure Alteration -- 4.15 Soil Drainage and its Impact -- 4.16 Soil Fertilization -- 4.17 Fires and Soil Quality -- 4.18 Some Anthrosols Resulting from Agriculture and Urbanization -- 4.19 Soil Erosion: General Considerations -- 4.20 The Causes of Soil Erosion -- 4.21 Forest Removal -- 4.22 Soil Erosion Associated with Grazing -- 4.23 Irrigation and Erosion -- 4.24 Replacement of Grassland by Shrubland in Drylands -- 4.25 Soil Erosion Produced by Fire -- 4.26 Soil Erosion Associated with Construction and Urbanization -- 4.27 Long‐term Studies of Rates of Erosion -- 4.28 Peat Bog Erosion -- 4.29 Accelerated Wind Erosion -- 4.30 Soil Conservation -- 4.31 Soils, Microbiology, and the Earth System -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 5 The Human Impact on the Waters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Deliberate Modification of River Systems Connectivity -- 5.3 Changes in River Flow -- 5.3.1 The Effects of Dams -- 5.3.2 Vegetation Modification and its Effect on River Flow -- 5.3.3 The Role of Invasive Plants -- 5.3.4 Land Drainage -- 5.3.5 Groundwater Exploitation -- 5.3.6 Urbanization and its Effects on River Flow -- 5.4 The Human Impact on Lake Levels -- 5.5 Changes in Groundwater Conditions -- 5.6 Water Pollution -- 5.7 Eutrophication -- 5.8 Pollution by Acid Rain -- 5.9 Deforestation and its Effects on Water Quality -- 5.10 Thermal Pollution
Abstract:
5.11 Pollution with Suspended Sediments -- 5.12 Marine Pollution -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 6 Human Agency in Geomorphology -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Landforms Produced by Excavation -- 6.3 Landforms Produced by Construction and Dumping -- 6.4 Ground Subsidence -- 6.5 The Human Impact on Seismicity and Volcanoes -- 6.6 Accelerated Sedimentation -- 6.7 Sediment Transport by Rivers -- 6.8 Deliberate Modification of Channels -- 6.9 Non‐deliberate River Channel Changes -- 6.10 Arroyo Trenching and Gullies -- 6.11 Accelerated Mass Movements -- 6.12 Accelerated Weathering and the Tufa Decline -- 6.13 Reactivation and Stabilization of Sand Dunes -- 6.14 Accelerated Coastal Erosion -- 6.15 Changing Rates of Salt Marsh Accretion -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 7 The Human Impact on Climate and the Atmosphere -- 7.1 World Climates -- 7.2 The Greenhouse Gases Carbon Dioxide -- 7.3 Other Gases -- 7.4 Ozone Depletion and Climate Change -- 7.5 Aerosols -- 7.6 Global Dimming and Global Brightening -- 7.7 Vegetation and Albedo Change -- 7.8 Forests, Irrigation, and Climate -- 7.9 The Possible Effects of Water Diversion Schemes -- 7.10 Lakes and Climate -- 7.11 Urban Climates -- 7.12 Deliberate Climatic Modification -- 7.13 Geoengineering -- 7.14 Urban Air Pollution -- 7.15 Air Pollution: Some Further Effects -- 7.16 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion -- 7.17 Conclusions -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 8 The Future: Introduction -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Changes in the biosphere -- 8.3 Climate and geomorphology -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 9 The Future: Coastal Environments -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Steric Effect -- 9.3 Anthropogenic Contributions to Sea‐Level Change -- 9.3.1 Reduction in Lake‐Water Volumes -- 9.3.2 Water Impoundment in Reservoirs -- 9.3.3 Groundwater Mining -- 9.3.4 Urbanization and Runoff -- 9.3.5 Deforestation and Runoff
Abstract:
9.3.6 Wetland Losses -- 9.3.7 Irrigation -- 9.3.8 Synthesis -- 9.4 Permafrost Degradation, Melting of Glaciers, and Sea‐Level Rise -- 9.5 Ice Sheets and Sea‐Level Rise -- 9.6 How Fast are Sea Levels Rising? -- 9.7 The Amount of Sea‐Level Rise By 2100 -- 9.8 Land Subsidence -- 9.9 Coral Reefs -- 9.10 Salt Marshes and Mangrove Swamps -- 9.11 River Deltas -- 9.12 Estuaries -- 9.13 Cliffed coasts -- 9.14 Sandy Beaches -- 9.15 Conclusions -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 10 The Future: Hydrological and Geomorphological Impacts -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Rainfall Intensity -- 10.3 Changes in Tropical Cyclones -- 10.4 Runoff Response -- 10.5 Cold Regions -- 10.6 Changes in Runoff in the UK -- 10.7 Europe -- 10.8 Geomorphological Consequences of Hydrological and Other Changes -- 10.9 Weathering -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 11 The Future: The Cryosphere -- 11.1 The nature of the cryosphere -- 11.2 The Polar Ice Sheets and Ice Caps -- 11.3 Valley Glaciers and Small Ice Caps -- 11.4 Predicted Rates of Glacier Retreat and Some Environmental Consequences -- 11.5 Sea Ice in the Arctic and Antarctic -- 11.6 Permafrost Regions -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 12 The Future: Drylands -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Climate Changes in the Past -- 12.3 Future Changes in Climate in Drylands -- 12.4 Wind Erosivity and Erodibility -- 12.5 Future Dust Storm Activity -- 12.6 Sand Dunes -- 12.7 Rainfall and Runoff -- 12.8 Lake Levels -- 12.9 Sea‐level Rise and Arid‐zone Coastlines -- 12.10 Salt Weathering and Salinization -- Guide to Reading -- Chapter 13 Conclusion -- 13.1 The Power of Non‐industrial and Pre‐industrial Civilizations -- 13.2 The Proliferation of Impacts -- 13.3 The Inter‐relationships of Changes in the Earth System -- 13.4 Human Impacts on the Environment in China -- 13.5 Are Changes Reversible? -- 13.6 The Susceptibility to Change
Abstract:
13.7 Human Influence or Nature? -- 13.8 Global Warming and Other Pressures -- 13.9 Into the Unknown -- Guide to Reading -- References -- Index -- EULA
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