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  • Fernández, Rodrigo  (12)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (12)
  • Wiesbaden : Springer VS
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Information technologies for social services in Spain : Reform of the national framework for the provision of social services in Spain (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.277
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper sets out the OECD’s assessment of the information technology (IT) systems for social services used by the public administration in Spain. It shows that large disparities exist between and within regions in the use of IT tools. The lack of unified systems and the different ways to identify individuals and classify services makes the exchange of information extremely challenging. Improving the national data collection on social services highlights the importance of agreeing on a common terminology and deciding on a set of indicators as well as designing a flexible IT infrastructure to collect the information.
    DOI: 10.1787/f1308a08-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Provision of social services in EU countries : Reform of the national framework for the provision of social services in Spain (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.276
    Keywords: Sozialer Dienst ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of how social services are organised in European Union countries. With a special focus on Spain and countries with federal or semi-federal organisation, the paper starts by analysing social services from a legal perspective. It provides a comparative perspective on several concrete aspects of social services: sources of funding (national, regional, local, etc.), organization of service provision, expenditure, human resources, governance and coordination between institutions. The analysis finds that, despite differences across countries, there is no link between the existence of a comprehensive national social services laws and the comprehensiveness of the social service offer (the main differences concern family services and housing services in countries which consider housing as a right). There exist large differences in the contribution of central, regional, and local governments to social expenditure. Spending more on services does not necessarily imply spending less in cash transfers. Indeed, it appears that Nordic countries, that spend more on services as a share of their GDP, also spend more on cash transfers. Finally, the paper stresses the important role of the information technology and the horizontal and vertical coordination mechanisms to improve service quality and accessibility.
    DOI: 10.1787/ba4fbaf2-en
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Tecnologías de la información para los servicios sociales en España : Reforma del marco nacional de prestación de servicios sociales en España (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Information technologies for social services in Spain: Reform of the national framework for the provision of social services in Spain
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: Este documento presenta la evaluación de la OCDE de los sistemas de tecnología de la información (TI) para servicios sociales utilizados por la administración pública en España. Muestra que existen grandes disparidades entre las regiones y dentro de ellas en el uso de las herramientas informáticas. La falta de sistemas unificados, las diferentes formas de identificar a las personas y de clasificar los servicios dificultan el intercambio de información. Para mejorar la recogida de datos nacionales sobre servicios sociales será importante acordar una terminología común y decidir un conjunto de indicadores, así como diseñar una infraestructura informática flexible para recoger la información.
    DOI: 10.1787/13ba7c5e-es
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    La prestación de servicios sociales en los países de la UE : Reforma del marco nacional de prestación de servicios sociales en España (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Provision of social services in EU countries: Reform of the national framework for the provision of social services in Spain
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain
    Abstract: Este documento ofrece una visión general de la organización de los servicios sociales en los países de la Unión Europea. Con especial atención a España y a los países con organización federal o semifederal, el documento comienza analizando los servicios sociales desde una perspectiva jurídica. Ofrece una perspectiva comparada de varios aspectos concretos de los servicios sociales: fuentes de financiación (nacionales, regionales, locales, etc.), organización de la prestación de servicios, gastos, recursos humanos, gobernanza y coordinación entre instituciones. El análisis concluye que, a pesar de las diferencias entre países, no existe ningún vínculo entre la existencia de una legislación nacional integral de servicios sociales y la amplitud de la oferta de servicios sociales. Las principales diferencias entre los países se refieren a los servicios familiares y los servicios de vivienda ya que ciertos países consideran la vivienda como un derecho. Existen grandes diferencias en la contribución de las administraciones centrales, regionales y locales al gasto social. Gastar más en servicios no implica necesariamente gastar menos en transferencias monetarias. De hecho, parece que los países nórdicos, que gastan más en servicios en proporción a su PIB, también gastan más en transferencias monetarias. Por último, el documento subraya el importante papel de la tecnología de la información y de los mecanismos de coordinación horizontal y vertical para mejorar la calidad y la accesibilidad de los servicios.
    DOI: 10.1787/44fcffb4-es
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Faces of joblessness in Italy : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 82 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 208
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Italien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Italy either did not work or only to a limited extent. As the employment rate bottomed out in 2013, 32% were without employment during the entire year, and a further 7% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates the use of these empirical results to inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Italy were limited work experience, low education and skill levels, and scarce job opportunities. Although financial disincentives, health limitations and care responsibilities were less widespread overall, they remained important barriers for some groups. A striking finding is that more than half of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/e5d510c2-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 6
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    Faces of joblessness in Lithuania : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 205
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Litauen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Lithuania either do not work or only to a limited extent. By 2013, several years after the start of the labour-market recovery, 21% were still without employment during the entire year, and a further 11% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates how these empirical results can inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Lithuania were health limitations, limited work experience, and scarce job opportunities. Although financial disincentives and care responsibilities were less widespread overall, they remained important barriers for some groups. A notable finding is that just over one third of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/3657b81e-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Faces of joblessness in Estonia : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 206
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Estland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Estonia either did not work or only to a limited extent. By 2013, several years after the start of the labour-market recovery, 18% were still without employment during the entire year, and a further 13% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates how the empirical results can inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Estonia were low skill levels, health limitations and limited work experience. Financial disincentives, care responsibilities and scarce job opportunities were less widespread overall, although important barriers for some groups. A notable finding is that almost one third of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6d9cd656-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
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    Faces of joblessness in Portugal : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 210
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Portugal ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Portugal ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: .In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Portugal either did not work or only to a limited extent. As the employment rate bottomed out in 2013, 29% were without employment during the entire year, and a further 10% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates how these empirical results can inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Portugal were low education/skills, a lack of recent work experience, scarce job opportunities and health problems. Financial disincentives and care responsibilities were less widespread overall, although important barriers for some groups. A striking finding is that 45% of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/b0fa55e7-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
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    Faces of joblessness in Ireland : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 209
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Irland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Ireland either did not work or only to a limited extent. As the labour-market recovery gathered pace during 2013, 32% were without employment during the entire year, and a further 14% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates how the empirical results can inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Ireland were limited work experience, low skill levels, and scarce job opportunities. Although financial disincentives, health problems and care responsibilities were less widespread overall, they remained important barriers for some groups. A notable finding is that just under 40% of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/40958439-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 10
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    Faces of joblessness in Spain : a people-centred perspective on employment barriers and policies (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 207
    Keywords: Arbeitslosigkeit ; Spanien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, large shares of working-age individuals in Spain either did not work or only to a limited extent. As the employment rate bottomed out in 2013, 30% were without employment during the entire year, and a further 15% had weak labour-market attachment, working only a fraction of the year, or on restricted working hours. This paper applies a novel method for measuring and visualising employment barriers of individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment, using household micro-data. It first develops indicators to quantify employment obstacles under three broad headings: (i) work-related capabilities, (ii) incentives, and (iii) employment opportunities. It then uses these indicators in conjunction with a statistical clustering approach to identify unobserved (“latent”) groups of individuals facing similar combinations of barriers. The resulting typology of labour-market difficulties provides insights on the most pressing policy priorities in supporting different groups into employment. A detailed policy discussion illustrates how these empirical results can inform people-centred assessments of existing labour-market integration measures and of key challenges across different policy areas and institutions. The most common employment obstacles in Spain were a lack of work experience, low education and skill levels, and scarce job opportunities. Although financial disincentives, health limitations and care responsibilities were less widespread overall, they remained important barriers for some groups. A striking finding is that 45% of jobless or low-intensity workers face three or more simultaneous barriers, highlighting the limits of narrow policy approaches that focus on subsets of these employment obstacles in isolation.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/6149118d-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 11
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    Faces of joblessness : characterising employment barriers to inform policy (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 192
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungsfähigkeit ; Arbeitslosigkeit ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Estland ; Spanien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper proposes a novel method for identifying and visualising key employment obstacles that may prevent individuals from participating fully in the labour market. The approach is intended to complement existing sources of information that governments use when designing and implementing activation and employment-support policies. In particular, it aims to provide individual and household perspectives on employment problems, which may be missed when relying on common labour-force statistics or on administrative data, but which are relevant for targeting and tailoring support programmes and related policy interventions. A first step describes a series of employment-barrier indicators at the micro level, comprising three domains: work-related capabilities, financial incentives and employment opportunities. For each domain, a selected set of concrete employment barriers are quantified using the EU-SILC multi-purpose household survey. In a second step, a statistical clustering method (latent class analysis), is used to establish profiles and patterns of employment barriers among individuals with no or weak labour-market attachment. A detailed illustration for two countries (Estonia and Spain) shows that “short-hand” groupings that are often highlighted in the policy debate, such as “youth” or “older workers”, are in fact composed of multiple distinct sub-groups that face very different combinations of employment barriers and likely require different policy approaches. Results also indicate that individuals typically face two or more simultaneous employment obstacles suggesting that addressing one barrier at a time may not have the intended effect on employment levels. From a policy perspective, the results support calls for carefully sequencing activation and employment support measures, and for coordinating them across policy domains and institutions.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlwvz47xptj-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
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    NEET Youth in the Aftermath of the Crisis : Challenges and Policies (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.164
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the situation of youth in OECD countries since the onset of the financial crisis focusing primarily on describing the characteristics and living conditions of youth not in employment, education or training (the ‘NEETs’). It also provides data on the availability, coverage and effectiveness of income-support policies for young people, and summarises available evidence on the impact of interventions that aim at improving the social, education and employment situation of the most disadvantaged youth. Due to the paper’s explicit focus on the hardest-to-place, most disadvantaged youth, the range of policies covered is broader than in earlier studies on the same topic, including various social benefits and in-kind services targeted at this group. The paper shows that NEET rates have not yet recovered from the crisis. There are large differences in youth unemployment and inactivity across countries, and these differences were further exacerbated by the recession. Reducing NEET rates is a great challenge for governments, as youth who remain jobless for long periods typically come from more disadvantaged backgrounds, have low levels of educational attainment, and are in many cases inactive. There is substantial evidence, however, that even the most disadvantaged youth can benefit from a variety of targeted interventions, including for instance special education programmes and mentoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js6363503f6-en
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