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  • 1
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    Education and Civilization (1987)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400935136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The theory of education -- 1. A philosophy of education -- 2. The institution as educator -- 3. The educational institution -- 4. The eminence of scholarship -- 5. The prevalence of ignorance -- 6. The range of learning -- II: The theory of practice in education -- 1. Problems in the philosophy of education -- 2. The education of the academic administrator -- 3. Falsity in practice -- III: The uses of university -- 1. What happens in college? -- 2. The college teacher -- 3. Thoughts about teaching -- 4. The well-grounded graduate -- 5. A slower pace for superior students -- 6. Athletic education -- IV: The advancement of education -- 1. Education and the genius -- 2. The genius versus the American university -- V: Education and civilization -- 1. The cultural conditioning of education -- 2. The future of the past -- 3. The hidden philosophy of Americans -- 4. Education and Western civilization -- 5. Education and the total culture -- Notes -- A system of philosophy.
    Abstract: It has been asserted that there is no one universal proposition with which all philosophers would agree, including this one. The pre­ dicament has rarely been recognized and almost never accepted, although neither has it been successfully challenged. If the claim holds true for philosophy taken by itself, how much more must it of religion, the hold for crossfield interests, such as the philosophy philosophy of science and many others. The philosophy of educa­ tion is a particular case in point. The topic of education itself is generally regarded as a dull af­ fair, a charge not entirely without substance. The blame for this usually falls on the fact that it has no inherent subject matter. The teachers of history teach history, the teachers of biology teach biology; but what do the teachers of education teach? Presumably how to teach; but this simply will not do because every topic requires its own sort of instruction.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The theory of education1. A philosophy of education -- 2. The institution as educator -- 3. The educational institution -- 4. The eminence of scholarship -- 5. The prevalence of ignorance -- 6. The range of learning -- II: The theory of practice in education -- 1. Problems in the philosophy of education -- 2. The education of the academic administrator -- 3. Falsity in practice -- III: The uses of university -- 1. What happens in college? -- 2. The college teacher -- 3. Thoughts about teaching -- 4. The well-grounded graduate -- 5. A slower pace for superior students -- 6. Athletic education -- IV: The advancement of education -- 1. Education and the genius -- 2. The genius versus the American university -- V: Education and civilization -- 1. The cultural conditioning of education -- 2. The future of the past -- 3. The hidden philosophy of Americans -- 4. Education and Western civilization -- 5. Education and the total culture -- Notes -- A system of philosophy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-3513-6
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  • 2
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    Justice, Law and Culture (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401094498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One. The Theory of Justice -- I The Problem of Justice -- II Justice and Legal Theory -- III Empirical Evidence from the Administration of Justice -- IV Empirical Evidence from Injustice -- V A Definition of Justice Explained and Defended -- VI Theoretical Evidence from Ethics and Morality -- Two. The Theory of Law -- VII The Law: Origins and Development -- VIII The Legal System -- IX Morality -- X Human Needs, Morality and the Law -- XI Institutions, Law and Morals -- XII The State as Legal Custodian -- XIII The Operation of Law -- XIV How the Law is Corrupted -- XV The Specific Laws -- XVI The Metaphysics of Law -- Appendix Rival Theories of Justice -- XVII Some Ancient Theories of Justice -- XVIII Some Traditional Theories of Justice -- XIX Some Recent Theories of Justice -- XX Some Contemporary Theories of Justice.
    Abstract: The following pages contain a theory of justice and a theory of law. Justice will be defined as the demand for a system of laws, and law as an established regulation which applies equally throughout a society and is backed by force. The demand for a system of laws is met by means of a legal system. The theory will have to include what the system and the laws are in­ tended to regulate. The reference is to all men and their possessions in a going concern. In the past all such theories have been discussed only in terms of society, justice as applicable to society and the laws promul­ gated within it. However, men and their societies are not the whole story: in recent centuries artifacts have played an increasingly important role. To leave them out of all consideration in the theory would be to leave the theory itself incomplete and even distorted. For the key conception ought to be one not of society but of culture. Society is an organization of men but culture is something more. I define culture (civilization has often been employed as a synonym) as an organization of men together with their material possessions. Such possessions consist in artifacts: material objects which have been altered through human agency in order to reduce human needs. The makers of the artifacts are altered by them. Men have their possessions together, and this objectifies and consolidates the culture.
    Description / Table of Contents: One. The Theory of JusticeI The Problem of Justice -- II Justice and Legal Theory -- III Empirical Evidence from the Administration of Justice -- IV Empirical Evidence from Injustice -- V A Definition of Justice Explained and Defended -- VI Theoretical Evidence from Ethics and Morality -- Two. The Theory of Law -- VII The Law: Origins and Development -- VIII The Legal System -- IX Morality -- X Human Needs, Morality and the Law -- XI Institutions, Law and Morals -- XII The State as Legal Custodian -- XIII The Operation of Law -- XIV How the Law is Corrupted -- XV The Specific Laws -- XVI The Metaphysics of Law -- Appendix Rival Theories of Justice -- XVII Some Ancient Theories of Justice -- XVIII Some Traditional Theories of Justice -- XIX Some Recent Theories of Justice -- XX Some Contemporary Theories of Justice.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9449-8
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  • 3
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    Technology and Reality (1982)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789400974555
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 210 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Technology Philosophy ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One. Nature -- I Introduction: The Background -- II Matter -- III Universals: The Forms -- IV Universals: The Qualities -- V The Universe -- Two. Human Nature -- VI Man: Needs and Drives -- VII Man: Perversity -- VIII Mind: Perception -- IX Mind: Conception -- X Morality: The Good -- XI Morality: The Bad -- XII Rhetoric -- XIII Politics -- XIV Art -- XV Religion -- XVI Conclusion: The Foreground.
    Abstract: In the following pages I have endeavored to show the impact on philosophy of tech­ nology and science; more specifically, I have tried to make up for the neglect by the classical philosophers of the historic role of technology and also to suggest what positive effects on philosophy the ahnost daily advances in the physical sciences might have. Above all, I wanted to remind the ontologist of his debt to the artificer: tech­ nology with its recent gigantic achievements has introduced a new ingredient into the world, and so is sure to influence our knowledge of what there is. This book, then, could as well have been called 'Ethnotechnology: An Explanation of Human Behavior by Means of Material Culture', but the picture is a complex one, and there are many more special problems that need to be prominently featured in the discussion. Human culture never goes forward on all fronts at the same time. In our era it is unquestionably not only technology but also the sciences which are making the most rapid progress. Philosophy has not been very successful at keeping up with them. As a consequence there is an 'enormous gulf between scientists and philosophers today, a gulf which is as large as it has ever been. ' (1) I can see that with science moving so rapidly, its current lessons for philosophy might well be outmoded tomorrow.
    Description / Table of Contents: One. NatureI Introduction: The Background -- II Matter -- III Universals: The Forms -- IV Universals: The Qualities -- V The Universe -- Two. Human Nature -- VI Man: Needs and Drives -- VII Man: Perversity -- VIII Mind: Perception -- IX Mind: Conception -- X Morality: The Good -- XI Morality: The Bad -- XII Rhetoric -- XIII Politics -- XIV Art -- XV Religion -- XVI Conclusion: The Foreground.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-7455-5
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  • 4
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    Assumptions of Grand Logics (1979)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789400992788
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (285p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: One. Introduction -- I. Logic as an Approach to Philosophy -- Two. Assumptions of Classical Logics -- II. Of Aristotle’s Logic: The Organon -- III. Of Frege’s Logic I: The Ideography -- IV. Of Frege’s Logic II: The Foundations of Arithmetic -- V. Frege’s Logic III: The Basic Laws of Arithmetic -- VI. Of Whitehead’s and Russell’s Principia Mathematica -- Summary -- Three. Assumptions of Modern Logics -- VII. Of Symbolic Logic -- VIII. Of Operational Logic -- IX. Of Modal Logics -- X. Professor Quine and Real Classes -- XI. Of the Nature of Reference -- XII. The Discovery Theory in Mathematics -- Summary -- Four. New Supplementary Logics -- XIII. Toward a Concrete Logic: Discreta -- XIV. Toward a Concrete Logic: Continua and Disorder -- XV. Varieties of Concrete Logic.
    Abstract: A system of philosophy of the sort presented in this and the following volumes begins with logic. Philosophy properly speaking is characterized by the kind oflogic it employs, for what it employs it assumes, however silently; and what it assumes it presupposes. The logic stands behind the ontology and is, so to speak, metaphysically prior. One word of caution. The philosophical aspects of logic have lagged behind the mathematical aspects in point of view of interest and develop­ ment. The work of N. Rescher and others have gone a long way to correct this. However, their work on philosophical logic has been more concerned with the logical than with the philosophical aspects. I have in mind another approach, one that would call attention to the ontological (systematic meta­ physics) or metaphysical (critical ontology) aspects, whichever term you prefer. It is this approach which I have pursued in the following chapters. Since together they stand at the head of a system of philosophy which has been developed in some seventeen books, a system which ranges over all of the topics of philosophy, the chosen approach can be seen as the necessary one. But I have not written any logic, I have merely indicated the sort of logic that has to be written.
    Description / Table of Contents: One. IntroductionI. Logic as an Approach to Philosophy -- Two. Assumptions of Classical Logics -- II. Of Aristotle’s Logic: The Organon -- III. Of Frege’s Logic I: The Ideography -- IV. Of Frege’s Logic II: The Foundations of Arithmetic -- V. Frege’s Logic III: The Basic Laws of Arithmetic -- VI. Of Whitehead’s and Russell’s Principia Mathematica -- Summary -- Three. Assumptions of Modern Logics -- VII. Of Symbolic Logic -- VIII. Of Operational Logic -- IX. Of Modal Logics -- X. Professor Quine and Real Classes -- XI. Of the Nature of Reference -- XII. The Discovery Theory in Mathematics -- Summary -- Four. New Supplementary Logics -- XIII. Toward a Concrete Logic: Discreta -- XIV. Toward a Concrete Logic: Continua and Disorder -- XV. Varieties of Concrete Logic.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9278-8
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  • 5
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    Adaptive Knowing : Epistemology from a Realistic Standpoint (1976)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401010320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I: Coping with Knowledge -- I. The Problem of Knowledge -- II. The Acquisition of Knowledge -- III. The Assimilation of Knowledge -- IV. The Deployment of Knowledge -- II: Specific Issues -- V. Knowing, Doing and Being -- VI. Absent Objects -- VII. The Mind-Body Problem -- VIII. The Knowledge of the Known -- IX. The Subjectivity of a Realist -- X. Activity as a Source of Knowledge -- XI. On Beliefs and Believing -- XII. Adaptive Responses and the Ecosystem -- XIII. The Reality Game.
    Abstract: The acquisition of knowledge is not a single unrelated occasion but rather an adaptive process in which past acquisitions modify present and future ones. In Part I of this essay in epistemology it is argued that coping with knowledge is not a passive affair but dynamic and active, involving its continuance into the stages of assimilation and deployment. In Part II a number of specific issues are raised and discussed in order to explore the dimensions and the depths of the workings of adaptive knowing. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS "Activity as A Source of Knowledge" first appeared in Tulane Studies in Philosophy, XII, 1963; "Knowing, Doing and Being" in Ratio, VI, 1964; "On Beliefs and Believing" in Tulane Studies, XV, 1966; "Absent Objects" in Tulane Studies, XVII, 1968; "The Reality Game" in Tulane Studies, XVIII, 1969; "Adaptive Responses and The Ecosys­ tem" in Tulane Studies, XVIII, 1969; "The Mind-Body Problem" in the Philosophical Journal, VII, 1970; and "The Knowledge of The Known" in the International Logic Review, I, 1970. PART I COPING WITH KNOWLEDGE CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE I. THE CHOSEN APPROACH You are about to read a study of epistemology, one which has been made from a realistic standpoint. It is not the first of such interpre­ tations, and it will not be the last.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Coping with KnowledgeI. The Problem of Knowledge -- II. The Acquisition of Knowledge -- III. The Assimilation of Knowledge -- IV. The Deployment of Knowledge -- II: Specific Issues -- V. Knowing, Doing and Being -- VI. Absent Objects -- VII. The Mind-Body Problem -- VIII. The Knowledge of the Known -- IX. The Subjectivity of a Realist -- X. Activity as a Source of Knowledge -- XI. On Beliefs and Believing -- XII. Adaptive Responses and the Ecosystem -- XIII. The Reality Game.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-1032-0
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  • 6
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    The Stages of Human Life : A Biography of Entire Man (1975)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401016360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (270p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Quality of life. ; Anthropology.
    Abstract: I: The stages in general -- II: Gestation -- III: Infancy -- IV: Childhood -- V: The primary school years -- VI: Adolescence -- VII: Youth -- VIII: Early Manhood -- IX: Maturity -- X: Later middle age -- XI: Old age -- XII: Senescence.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The stages in generalII: Gestation -- III: Infancy -- IV: Childhood -- V: The primary school years -- VI: Adolescence -- VII: Youth -- VIII: Early Manhood -- IX: Maturity -- X: Later middle age -- XI: Old age -- XII: Senescence.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-1636-0
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  • 7
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    Inside the Great Mirror : A Critical Examination of the Philosophy of Russell, Wittgenstein, and their Followers (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789401023696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: Russell’s Early Philosophy -- An Inventory of the World -- Infidelity to Realism -- A Commentary to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- to the Commentary -- A Commentary to the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- Conclusions from the Commentary -- The Viennese and English Disciples -- Viennese Positivism in the United States -- Linguistic Analysis Versus Metaphysics -- The Saving Elements -- The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism -- Reflections after Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations.
    Abstract: physical realist heavily bverlaid with the interpretation afforded by linguistic analysis, so he changed, too. But at the time, which was approximately during the second decade of the twentieth century, they were no doubt very close in their views. Russell acknowledged the influence of Wittgenstein in several places in the 1918 lectures on logical atomism. Wittgenstein might not have written the Tractatus had Russell not given the lectures on logical atomism, or at least had he not maintained the views there expressed. Certainly it is true in a very large sense that the Tractatus may be interpreted as a commentary on the 1918 lectures of Russell. Wittgenstein certainly did not hear them but, as Russell said, the topics were discussed together; and the debt of the Tractatus to the views of the contents of the lectures is obvious. Since Wittgenstein was the pupil and Russell the teacher, we may assume, despite the mutual influence, that the greater effect was Russell's. There is no space in which to go into a thorough analysis of the predecessors of Wittgenstein and of the influences upon him. In addition, there is not sufficient data. One clue, however, we are given. One of his friends has informed us that Wittgenstein "did read and enjoy Plato" and "recognized congenial features" in his philosophical method 1, although, to be sure, Wittgenstein is not said to have been a great reader of philosophy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Russell’s Early PhilosophyAn Inventory of the World -- Infidelity to Realism -- A Commentary to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- to the Commentary -- A Commentary to the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- Conclusions from the Commentary -- The Viennese and English Disciples -- Viennese Positivism in the United States -- Linguistic Analysis Versus Metaphysics -- The Saving Elements -- The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism -- Reflections after Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2369-6
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  • 8
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    Scientific Method : The Hypothetico-Experimental Laboratory Procedure of the Physical Sciences (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: Method, Domain and Findings -- 1. The understanding of science -- 2. The definition of science -- 3. The principal divisions of science -- 4. The multi-stage process -- 5. Beyond the mesocosm -- 6. The interpretation of science -- 7. The theory of practice -- 8. From theory to practice -- 9. Technology -- 10. From practice to theory -- 11. Cross-field applications -- 12. The aims of this handbook -- II. The Search for Data: Observation -- 1. Simple observation -- 2. Controlled observation -- 3. Observed facts -- III. The Search for Hypotheses: Induction -- 1. The derivation of classes -- 2. The formulation of inductions -- IV. The Adoption of an Hypotheses -- 1. Definition and description -- 2. Character -- 3. Criteria -- 4. Kinds -- 5. Occasions -- 6. Discovery -- 7. Function -- 8. Indispensability -- 9. Adoption -- V. The Testing of Hypotheses: Experiment -- 1. The meaning of “experiment” -- 2. The design of experiments -- 3. The logic of experiments -- 4. Experimental criteria -- 5. The use of instruments -- 6. Measurement -- 7. The use of techniques -- 8. Experimenting -- 9. Types of experiments -- 10. Varieties of results -- 11. Interpretations of the data -- 12. Empirical probability -- VI. The Testing of Theories: Calculation -- 1. The stage of mathematical verification -- 2. The requirements of a good scientific theory -- 3. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of mathematics -- 4. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of empirical formulations -- 5. Advanced mathematical verification -- 6. Difficulties of final formulations -- 7. The aim of deductive structures -- 8. Mathematical probability and causal law -- VII. The Testing of Laws: Prediction and Control -- 1. Prediction -- 2. Control -- 3. The end of scientific investigation -- VIII. Types of Empirical Discoveries -- 1. Empirical systems -- 2. Empirical areas -- 3. Laws -- 4. Entities -- 5. Processes -- 6. Formulas and rules -- 7. Procedural principles -- 8. The limits of empirical discovery -- References.
    Abstract: There remains only the obligation to thank those who have helped me with specific suggestions and the editors who have kindly granted permission to reprint material which first appeared in the pages of their journals. To the former group belong Alan B. Brinkley and Max O. Hocutt Portion of chap­ ters I and VI were published in Philosophy of Science; of chapters IV and V in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine; of chapter VIII in Dialectica; of chapter IX in The British lournal for the Philosophy of Science; and of chapter XIII in Synthese. J.K.F. New Orleans, 1971 PREFACE In this book I have tried to describe the scientific method, understood as the hypothetico-experimental technique of investigation which has been prac­ ticed so successfully in the physical sciences. It is the first volume of a three-volume work on the philosophy of science, each of which, however, is complete and independent. A second volume will contain an account of the domain in which the method operates and a history of empiricism. A third volume will be devoted to the philosophy of science proper: the metaphysics and epistemology presupposed by the method, its logical structure, and the ethical implications of its results.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction: Method, Domain and Findings1. The understanding of science -- 2. The definition of science -- 3. The principal divisions of science -- 4. The multi-stage process -- 5. Beyond the mesocosm -- 6. The interpretation of science -- 7. The theory of practice -- 8. From theory to practice -- 9. Technology -- 10. From practice to theory -- 11. Cross-field applications -- 12. The aims of this handbook -- II. The Search for Data: Observation -- 1. Simple observation -- 2. Controlled observation -- 3. Observed facts -- III. The Search for Hypotheses: Induction -- 1. The derivation of classes -- 2. The formulation of inductions -- IV. The Adoption of an Hypotheses -- 1. Definition and description -- 2. Character -- 3. Criteria -- 4. Kinds -- 5. Occasions -- 6. Discovery -- 7. Function -- 8. Indispensability -- 9. Adoption -- V. The Testing of Hypotheses: Experiment -- 1. The meaning of “experiment” -- 2. The design of experiments -- 3. The logic of experiments -- 4. Experimental criteria -- 5. The use of instruments -- 6. Measurement -- 7. The use of techniques -- 8. Experimenting -- 9. Types of experiments -- 10. Varieties of results -- 11. Interpretations of the data -- 12. Empirical probability -- VI. The Testing of Theories: Calculation -- 1. The stage of mathematical verification -- 2. The requirements of a good scientific theory -- 3. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of mathematics -- 4. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of empirical formulations -- 5. Advanced mathematical verification -- 6. Difficulties of final formulations -- 7. The aim of deductive structures -- 8. Mathematical probability and causal law -- VII. The Testing of Laws: Prediction and Control -- 1. Prediction -- 2. Control -- 3. The end of scientific investigation -- VIII. Types of Empirical Discoveries -- 1. Empirical systems -- 2. Empirical areas -- 3. Laws -- 4. Entities -- 5. Processes -- 6. Formulas and rules -- 7. Procedural principles -- 8. The limits of empirical discovery -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2758-8
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  • 9
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    Aesthetics II (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789401511162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 134 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Toward A Phenomenological Aesthetic of Cinema -- Is Gracefulness A Supervenient Property? -- Value and Artistic Value in Le Senne’s Philosophy -- Bad Art -- Psychical Distance and Temporality -- C. I. Lewis and the Paradox of the Esthetic -- On the Nature of Ultimate Values in the Fine Arts.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1116-2
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  • 10
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    The New Materialism (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789401031653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Ethics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: one: Introduction and Method -- I. The Subjective Digression -- II. A Synthetic Method for the Study of Empirical Ontology -- two: Nature -- III. Formal Materialism: The New Version -- IV. Full Concreteness and the Re-materialization of Matter -- V. A Material Theory of Reference -- VI. How Abstract Things Survive -- three: Human Nature -- VII. Artifactualism -- VIII. The Ambivalence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man -- IX. Human Nature and Institutions -- X. Cultural Conditioning -- four: The Limits of Nature -- XI. Spirit as a Property of Matter -- XII. A Religion for the New Materialism -- XIII. God -- References.
    Abstract: A wholly new theory of matter has been advanced in the last half century by modern physics, but there has been no new theory of ma­ terialism to match it. The occurrence of a revolution of such magni­ tude in science will have to be understood as calling for a corresponding one in philosophy. The present work is an attempt to make a start in that direction. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to the Editors of the fol­ lowing journals for permission to reprint articles which first appeared in their pages: to Darshana for "Human Nature and Institutions"; to Diogenes for "Full Concreteness and the Re-Materialization of Matter"; to Perspectives in Biology and Medicine for "The Ambiva­ lence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man"; to Philosophy and Phenomenological Research for "Formal Materialism Reconfirmed" (which appears here revised and extended as "Formal Materialism: The New Version"), and for "Artifactualism: The Origin of Man and His Tools"; to Philosophy Today for "How Abstract Objects Survive"; to Religious Studies for "A Religion for the New Materialism"; and to Tulane Studies in PhilosoPhy for "A Material Theory of Reference. " PART ONE INTRODUCTION AND METHOD CHAPTER I THE SUBJECTIVE DIGRESSION Every philosophy endeavors to be as comprehensive as possible, and when philosophers speak they do so for the whole world.
    Description / Table of Contents: one: Introduction and MethodI. The Subjective Digression -- II. A Synthetic Method for the Study of Empirical Ontology -- two: Nature -- III. Formal Materialism: The New Version -- IV. Full Concreteness and the Re-materialization of Matter -- V. A Material Theory of Reference -- VI. How Abstract Things Survive -- three: Human Nature -- VII. Artifactualism -- VIII. The Ambivalence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man -- IX. Human Nature and Institutions -- X. Cultural Conditioning -- four: The Limits of Nature -- XI. Spirit as a Property of Matter -- XII. A Religion for the New Materialism -- XIII. God -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3165-3
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  • 11
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    Moral Strategy : An Introduction to the Ethics of Confrontation (1967)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401193214
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (325p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Bubser, Eberhard ETHISCHE ETÜDEN 1969
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Book One — Introduction -- I — The Approach to Ethics and Morality -- 1. Methodological Considerations -- 2. Moral Integrative Levels -- 3. A Summary Perspective -- Book Two — The Ethical Integrative Series -- II — The Ethics of the Individual -- 1. The Individual Good -- 2. Approaches to the Good -- 3. The Pursuit of the Good -- III — The Ethics of Society -- 1. Morality as Social Structure -- 2. The Covert Moral Structure -- 3. The Overt Moral Structure -- 4. Rights and Duties -- 5. The Law and Legal Procedures -- IV — The Ethics of the Human Species -- 1. From Society to Humanity -- 2. Characteristics of the Human Species -- 3. The Morality of the Human Species -- 4. Moral Encounters with Near-by Species -- V — The Ethics of the Cosmos -- 1. The Cosmic Perspective -- 2. The Cosmic Good -- 3. Truth and Value -- 4. Cosmic Type Responsibility -- 5. Cosmic Confrontation -- 6. Normative Cosmic Ethics -- 7. The Ethics of Man in Relation to the Cosmos -- Book Three — The Moral Situation and Its Outcome -- VI — Ideal Morality -- 1. The Choice of Ideals -- 2. Individual Ideals -- 3. Social Ideals -- 4. Human Ideals -- 5. Cosmic Ideals -- VII — Concrete Morality -- 1. Bad Behavior and Immorality -- 2. Bad Individual Behavior -- 3. Bad Social Behavior -- 4. Bad Species Behavior -- 5. Bad Cosmic Behavior -- VIII — Moral Strategy -- 1. The Uses of Strategy -- 2. The Strategy of Individual Obligation -- 3. The Strategy of Social Obligation -- 4. The Strategy of Human Obligation -- 5. The Strategy of Cosmic Obligation -- Name Index -- Topic Index.
    Abstract: No statement, except one, can be made with which all philosophers would agree. The exception is this statement itself. The disagreement has the advantage that it gets all the proposals out into the open where they can be examined, but it has the dis advantage that the cogency of any one philosophy must rely entirely upon that wide public which is unprepared to deal with it. Fortunately, ethics has a more immediate appeal than some other branches of philosophy; yet the history of the topic gives no indication that this circumstance has had the happy results we might have expected. One peculiarity of ethics is that its problems are rarely settled on its own grounds. Ethical problems are for the most part referred to socially established moralities, and moralities are socially established not on the basis of philosophy but rather by some sponsoring insti­ or politics. Such establishments, however, tution, usually religion depend on the prior preparation of ethical proposals by philosophers. For it stands to reason that an ethics cannot be socially established if there is no ethics to establish. Thus philosophers provide the justifi­ cation for socially-established moralities while seeming not to do so.
    Description / Table of Contents: Book One - IntroductionI - The Approach to Ethics and Morality -- 1. Methodological Considerations -- 2. Moral Integrative Levels -- 3. A Summary Perspective -- Book Two - The Ethical Integrative Series -- II - The Ethics of the Individual -- 1. The Individual Good -- 2. Approaches to the Good -- 3. The Pursuit of the Good -- III - The Ethics of Society -- 1. Morality as Social Structure -- 2. The Covert Moral Structure -- 3. The Overt Moral Structure -- 4. Rights and Duties -- 5. The Law and Legal Procedures -- IV - The Ethics of the Human Species -- 1. From Society to Humanity -- 2. Characteristics of the Human Species -- 3. The Morality of the Human Species -- 4. Moral Encounters with Near-by Species -- V - The Ethics of the Cosmos -- 1. The Cosmic Perspective -- 2. The Cosmic Good -- 3. Truth and Value -- 4. Cosmic Type Responsibility -- 5. Cosmic Confrontation -- 6. Normative Cosmic Ethics -- 7. The Ethics of Man in Relation to the Cosmos -- Book Three - The Moral Situation and Its Outcome -- VI - Ideal Morality -- 1. The Choice of Ideals -- 2. Individual Ideals -- 3. Social Ideals -- 4. Human Ideals -- 5. Cosmic Ideals -- VII - Concrete Morality -- 1. Bad Behavior and Immorality -- 2. Bad Individual Behavior -- 3. Bad Social Behavior -- 4. Bad Species Behavior -- 5. Bad Cosmic Behavior -- VIII - Moral Strategy -- 1. The Uses of Strategy -- 2. The Strategy of Individual Obligation -- 3. The Strategy of Social Obligation -- 4. The Strategy of Human Obligation -- 5. The Strategy of Cosmic Obligation -- Name Index -- Topic Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9321-4
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  • 12
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    Studies in American Philosophy (1967)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
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    ISBN: 9789401731690
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3169-0
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  • 13
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    A Symposium on Kant (1964)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401174930
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (165 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: The Kantian Solution to the Problem of Man Within Nature -- Two Logics of Modality -- Kant and Metaphysics -- Kant, Cassirer and the Concept of Space -- The Rigidity of Kant’s Categories -- Notes on the Judgment of Taste -- The Metaphysics of the Seven Formulations of the Moral Argument.
    Abstract: HE past does not change; it cannot, for what has happened T cannot be undone. Yet how are we to understand what has happened? Our perspective on it lies in the present, and is subject to continual change. These changes, made in the light of our new knowledge and new experience, call for fresh evaluations and constant reconsideration. It is now one hundred fifty years since the death of Immanuel Kant, and this, the third volume of Tulane Studies in Philosophy is dedicated to the commemoration of the event. The diversity of the contributions to the volume serve as one indication of Kant's persistent importance in philoso­ phy. His work marks one of the most enormous turns in the whole history of human thought, and there is still much to be done in estimating its achievement. His writings have not been easy to assimilate. The exposition is difficult and labored; it is replete with ambiguities, and even with what often appear to be contradictions. Such writings allow for great latitude in interpretation. Yet who would dare ·to omit Kant from the account? The force of a man's work is measured by his influence on other thinkers; and here, Kant has few superiors. Of no man whose impact upon the history of ideas has been as great as that of Kant can it be said with finality: this 5 6 TULANE STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY is his philosophy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7493-0
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  • 14
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    Foundations of Empiricism (1962)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401190886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (389p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Physics ; Metaphysics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. An Introduction to Metaphysics for Empiricists -- One. Categorematics -- II. On the Topics and Definitions of the Categories -- III. Some Typically Selected Categories -- Two. Axiomatics -- IV. On the Theory of Induction -- V. On the Connections Between the Two Worlds -- VI. A Logically Primitive and Empirically Verifiable Ontology -- VII. Propositions and Facts -- Three. Systemics -- VIII. The Domain of Finite Ontology -- IX. The Range of Dyadic Ontology -- Four. Ethics -- X. An Objective, Empirical Ethics -- XI. Ethical Variations on a Theme by Rosmini-Serbati -- XII. The Ethics of Action -- Five. Practics -- XIII. The Rational Unconscious -- XIV. Culture as Applied Ontology -- XV. Toward an Analysis of the Basic Value System -- XVI. The Natural Society -- XVII. Language and Metaphysics -- SIX. Historics -- XVIII. History of Dyadic Ontology -- XIX. Aristotle as Finite Ontologist -- XX. Kant and Metaphysics -- Seven. Epistemics -- XXI. The Range of Sensational Epistemology -- XXII. Knowing About Semipalatinsk -- XXIII. An Ontology of Knowledge.
    Abstract: For some centuries now the western world has endeavored to choose between rationalism and empiricism; or, when a choice was found impossible, somehow to reconcile them. But the particular brands of both which were taken for granted in confronting the problem were sUbjective: individual human reasoning stood for rationalism and private sense experience for empiricism. Since Plato it has been known that reasoning and feeling are often in conflict. No wonder that a standard for deciding between them or for harmonizing the two was found difficult to come by. Fortunately, due to the revival of realism, a way out presented itself, and we could now consider rationalism and empiricism on some kind of objective basis. In other words, rationalism is a theory about something outside us, and reasoning involves the utilization of a logic which in no wise depends upon our knowledge of it. Similarly; sense experience reveals the existence of data which can be reached through the senses but which in no way relies upon experience for its existence. Thus both reasoning and sensing bring us fragmentary news about an external world which contains not only logic and value but also the prospects for their reconciliation. The implicit philosophy of nominalism is self-liquidating. Where is the proposition which asserts or takes for granted the sole reality of actual physical particulars to get its reality? The meaning of it as a proposition has no place among the particulars.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9088-6
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  • 15
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    Inside the Great Mirror : A Critical Examination of the Philosophy of Russell, Wittgenstein, and their Followers (1958)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401761574
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 228 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-6157-4
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