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  • 2015-2019  (30)
  • Deininger, Klaus  (15)
  • International Development Association  (15)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (30)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Madagascar's risk of external debt distress is assessed to be moderate, in line with the last debt sustainability analysis (DSA) of June 2017, since the dynamics of Madagascar's external public and publicly-guaranteed (PPG) debt remain sustainable under the baseline. The public DSA shows total (domestic and external) PPG debt is also sustainable under the baseline, so risks to domestic debt are not assessed as significant. However, stress tests breach the prudent benchmark for the public DSA (covering both domestic and external debt) and, in only some instances, for the external DSA. The analysis suggests that shocks to gross domestic product (GDP) growth are the main potential source of vulnerability, especially for the public DSA. A weaker currency, widened fiscal deficits, lower exports, or higher interest rates present additional risks. This DSA reflects updated and more detailed loan data, which include marginally less favorable financing conditions than in the last DSA
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: This report provides a Debt Sustainability Analysis (LIC-DSA) of Grenada's public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) external and total debt for 2018. The macro-framework incorporates all previous debt restructurings, including the November 2017 haircut on commercial debt. Total public debt has declined from 108 percent of GDP in 2013 to below 71 percent of GDP in 2017 with external public debt declining to 48 percent of GDP. This reduction was made possible through a comprehensive restructuring of Grenada's public debt, fiscal consolidation, and robust economic growth. Nevertheless, with some USD 15.7 million (1.4 percent of GDP) in unresolved arrears to official bilateral creditors, Grenada's external debt risk rating remains 'in debt distress'. Going forward full regularization of arrears and continued fiscal discipline will be needed to keep the debt on a downward path and withstand the existing vulnerabilities to external shocks and natural disasters
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  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Sao Tome and Principe is classified as being in debt distress according to this joint World Bank-IMF low-income country debt sustainability analysis (DSA). This assessment has changed from the previous DSA completed in December 2017 (high risk of external debt distress) due to the prolonged negotiations on rescheduling external arrears. Nonetheless, Sao Tome and Principe's debt ratios have improved since the previous DSA. Specifically, the ratio of the present value of public and publicly-guaranteed (PPG) external debt to gross domestic product (GDP) no longer exceeds its threshold under the baseline scenario, due to lower-than-expected loan disbursements in 2017, an appreciation of the euro vis-a -vis the U.S. dollar, and higher-than-expected GDP deflator growth. As in the previous DSA, the debt service ratios stay below their respective thresholds under almost all scenarios. Nevertheless, the ratios of the present value of debt to exports and to revenue still exceed their respective thresholds under the baseline scenario early in the projection period, though they decline over time. This DSA underscores the importance of lowering all PPG external debt indicators below their thresholds by continuing fiscal consolidation, eschewing non-concessional loans, promoting growth, and expanding the export base
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: The debt sustainability analysis (DSA) shows some improvement relative to the previous review mainly due to better-than-expected outcomes in year 2017 and the revised profile of PPP operations. Staff still assess the risk of debt distress as moderate. Continued strengthening of institutions underpinning sound macroeconomic policies would be required for a future upgrade
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Liberia remains at moderate risk of debt distress, though care and precision in implementing its ambitious infrastructure program will be critical. Under the baseline scenario, which reflects staff's interpretation of the authorities' stated plans, Liberia will remain at moderate risk of debt distress but move closer to thresholds that mark a high probability of debt distress. Adverse risks to the baseline are also significant. Staff discussed an alternative reform scenario that would ease the risk of debt distress while achieving roughly the same level of spending. The reform scenario assumes that all external financing would be on concessional terms and the amount of additional borrowing would be strictly controlled and supplemented with domestic resource mobilization. Such steps would be beneficial not only to improve the safety margin for the preservation of debt and macroeconomic stability, but also to sustain broad-based growth over the forecast horizon
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: The DSA concludes that Tuvalu remains at a high risk of debt distress, in line with the 2016 DSA conclusion. External debt has breached several thresholds as of 2017, including for the present value of debt-to-GDP. Risks to debt sustainability remain high due to elevated current spending, a projected decline in fishing revenue and grants, and risks of natural disasters. A persistent fiscal deficit is projected to deplete fiscal buffers and cause the present value of debt-to-GDP to breach its indicative threshold in the long run. This underscores the importance of containing the fiscal deficit and maintaining buffers
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Central African Republic (C.A.R.) continues to be assessed at high risk of external debt distress. This rating is unchanged from the previous analysis and consistent with the staff report of December 2017. Under the baseline scenario, one debt burden indicator breaches its threshold. And stress tests show that both external and total public debt sustainability is vulnerable to slower gross domestic product (GDP), export, and revenue growth. For total public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt (external plus domestic), the debt-to-GDP indicator remains below its prudent benchmark. However, the existence of large arrears to suppliers and unpaid public-sector wages in the domestic debt stock justifies the assessment of a heightened overall risk of debt distress. Contingent liabilities can further exacerbate vulnerability concerns. To safeguard debt sustainability, the government's investment program requires grant financing, with highly concessional debt financing to be considered only in exceptional cases
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Cameroon's risk of external debt distress remains high. Fiscal consolidation and the Fund-supported envisaged reforms, coupled with the increasing share of concessional new borrowing, would improve the debt profile over time. However, at present, Cameroon's external debt remains highly vulnerable to exogenous shocks: the policy-dependent threshold for the present value of debt to exports and debt service to exports are breached in the baseline program scenario as well as under standard stress tests. Mitigating risks to public debt thus requires a number of policy actions including: (i) a resolute and effective fiscal consolidation; (ii) a shift in the composition of new borrowing towards concessional loans; (iii) enhanced controls on externally-financed investment projects at all levels of government; (iv) implementation of policies to boost growth and non-oil exports; and (iv) a strengthening of public debt management
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: The 2018 Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) assesses that the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) remains at high risk of debt distress. The ratios of the present value (PV) of external public and publicly-guaranteed (PPG) debt to GDP and to exports are currently just below their respective policy-dependent indicative thresholds. The PV of the PPG debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to decline slightly in the near term, but to start increasing and exceed its indicative threshold in the medium to long term. Stress tests confirm the vulnerability of the debt position to lending terms as well as macroeconomic shocks. Although the RMI does not currently face debt servicing risks, helped by government revenue from fishing licenses and a stable flow of funds from the U.S. Compact grants until FY2023, a lack of fiscal buffers after FY2023 and risks from contingent liabilities call for a fiscal reform strategy. Containing the risk of debt distress requires continuation of grants to support the country's large development needs, and implementation of fiscal and structural reforms to promote fiscal sustainability and growth
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Dominica continues to be at high risk of debt distress. However, hurricane Maria in September 2017 caused severe social hardship and deterioration of fiscal and external balances, weakening sustainability. In addition, Dominica's debt carrying capacity as measured by the three-year CPIA average declined. Thus, setting public and publicly guaranteed total and external debt on a declining path would require prudent and efficient fiscal policies that safeguard fiscal space for social relief and reconstruction investment. A fiscal consolidation plan is needed after recovery takes hold to sustain reconstruction investment. Donor grant mobilization is key to minimize the debt burden. Main risks to the debt sustainability outlook include sudden stop in citizenship-by-investment (CBI) program revenues, financial instability from weakened balance sheets, and recurrent natural disasters
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: This debt sustainability analysis (DSA) fully updates the May 2017 joint IMF/WB DSA. Bangladesh's risks of external debt distress and overall debt distress continue to be assessed as low. The FY17 fiscal deficit remains well below the 5 percent of GDP budget target. Spending control and slower implementation of development projects more than compensated for revenue underperformance. The issuance of National Savings Certificates (NSCs) remains high. Over the medium term, debt ratios are projected to remain on a sustainable path, assuming continued spending restraint, with the deficit used to finance productive investment. Boosting budget revenue is key to creating fiscal space for diversification and growth. The authorities are delaying the implementation of the VAT reform further by two years. Any additional costs from spending pressures ahead of the parliamentary elections and from the Rohingya refugees remain key risks
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: The results of the update of the Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) show that Guinea continues to be at a moderate risk of external debt distress. All external debt burden indicators under the baseline scenario lie below their policy-dependent thresholds and debt dynamics have improved compared to the 2017 DSA, given higher-than-anticipated growth during 2016-17. Stress tests suggest that debt vulnerabilities owing to accumulation of external debt related to financing of infrastructure projects will increase if adverse shocks materialize, though remaining more contained than in the 2017 DSA. Under most extreme stress tests, all solvency and liquidity indicators except one breach their thresholds and for prolonged periods. The inclusion of domestic debt does not significantly change the conclusion of the external DSA. A prudent external borrowing strategy aimed at maximizing the concessionality of new debt, limiting non-concessional loans in line with programmed amounts, and strengthening debt management will be key to preserving medium-term debt sustainability
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Following the restructuring of the debt to Glencore and the progress made in clearing external arrears, debt vulnerabilities declined significantly, and the external risk rating has been upgraded to high. The debt sustainability analysis (DSA) shows that all debt burden indicators, except the debt-service-to-revenue ratio which has minor and temporary breaches, are below their respective thresholds in the baseline from 2018 onwards. The debt-service-to-revenue ratio, falls below the threshold in 2019 and remains so throughout the projection period, except for minor breaches in 2020 and 2021. Overall, total public debt vulnerabilities are elevated although the present value (PV) of the public debt-to- gross domestic product (GDP) ratio remains on a downward trajectory. The fixed primary balance scenario, which keeps the primary deficit-to-GDP ratio unchanged from 2017, shows the debt ratio declining at a slower pace throughout the forecast period, further highlighting the need to adhere to the prudent fiscal policy framework underpinning the International Monetary Fund (IMF)-supported program. Adoption and implementation of an appropriate debt management strategy, while making progress in economic diversification will further reduce vulnerabilities
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: An updated debt sustainability analysis (DSA) indicates that The Gambia is currently in external debt distress and that public debt is unsustainable. Both external and domestic debt are very high, and a significant pipeline of already-contracted loans poses risks to solvency. External debt stock indicators have deteriorated since the March 2018 DSA, and all five external debt burden indicators breach their indicative thresholds by large margins and for an extended period in the passive scenario and in the active (baseline) scenario. The stress test results illustrate the country's high vulnerability to shocks, total public debt is expected to remain elevated throughout the projection period, rollover risks associated with the short maturity of domestic debt are high, and contingent liabilities related to SOE debt pose additional risks. Furthermore, the sustained primary surpluses needed to reduce public debt would be politically and socially challenging given The Gambia's substantial development needs. New borrowing would need to be on highly concessional terms and reserved for the very highest priority projects for which grant-financing is not available. The government should also refrain from offering any guarantees. An illustrative scenario shows how debt relief (comprising a deferral of principal due to pluri-lateral, bilateral official and private creditors and a softening of the terms of the already contracted loans)-complementing the implementation of a sound medium-term fiscal framework and debt strategy-could be instrumental in restoring debt sustainability
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Debt and Creditworthiness Study
    Kurzfassung: Togo's risk of external debt distress continues to be moderate with heightened overall risk of debt distress-unchanged from the previous Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) published in April 2017. Alternative scenarios and stress tests suggest, however, that external public debt could accumulate rapidly, pushing Togo above the external debt-distress threshold for the present value (PV) of public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt-to-GDP. Togo's domestic public debt burden remains high and reflects among others, persistently high deficits, materialized contingent liabilities and arrears accumulation. Baseline projections show that Togo's PV of total PPG debt (external plus domestic) -to-GDP ratio will reach the 38 percent benchmark by 2025, down from 73.1 percent in 2017 -with the bulk constituting domestic debt obligations. This analysis highlights the need for sustained fiscal consolidation, improved debt management, and macroeconomic policies to reduce the level of public debt to prudent levels over the medium term
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  • 16
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Assessing Effects of Large-Scale Land Transfers: Challenges and Opportunities in Malawi's Estate Sector
    Kurzfassung: This study uses data from the complete computerization of agricultural leases in Malawi, a georeferenced farm survey, and satellite imagery to document the opportunities and challenges of land-based investment in novel ways. Although 1.5 million hectares, or 25 percent, of Malawi's agricultural area is under agricultural estates, analysis shows that 70 percent has expired leases and 140,000 hectares are subject to overlapping claims. This reduces revenue from ground rent by up to US
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  • 17
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Gender-Differentiated Impacts of Tenure Insecurity on Agricultural Performance in Malawi's Customary Tenure Systems
    Kurzfassung: Many African countries rely on sporadic land transfers from customary to statutory domains to attract investment and improve agricultural performance. Data from 15,000 smallholders and 800 estates in Malawi allow exploring the long-term effects of such a strategy. The results suggest that (i) most estates are less productive than smallholders; (ii) fear of land loss, although not exclusively due to estates, is associated with a 12 percent productivity loss for females, which is large enough to finance a low-cost tenure regularization program; and (iii) failure to collect realistic land rents implies public revenue losses of up to US
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  • 18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ali, Daniel Personality Traits, Technology Adoption, and Technical Efficiency: Evidence from Smallholder Rice Farms in Ghana
    Kurzfassung: Although a large literature highlights the impact of personality traits on key labor market outcomes, evidence of their impact on agricultural production decisions remains limited. Data from 1,200 Ghanaian rice farmers suggest that noncognitive skills (polychronicity, work centrality, and optimism) significantly affect simple adoption decisions, returns from adoption, and technical efficiency in rice production, and that the size of the estimated impacts exceeds that of traditional human capital measures. Greater focus on personality traits relative to cognitive skills may help accelerate innovation diffusion in the short term, and help farmers to respond flexibly to new opportunities and risks in the longer term
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  • 19
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The Malawi Economic Monitor (MEM) provides an analysis of economic and structural development issues in Malawi. The aim of the publication is to foster better-informed policy analysis and debate regarding the key challenges that Malawi faces in its endeavor to achieve high rates of stable, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth. Malawi's economy is primarily based on agriculture and heavily reliant on its land resources to achieve social and economic development. The recently promulgated land acts have the potential to create multiple economic and social benefits for Malawi's citizens by improving investor confidence in the business environment, reducing the cost of documenting rights, supporting decentralization, improving land use planning, and protecting vulnerable groups' land rights and livelihoods. The effective implementation of these critical land reforms will ultimately facilitate the attainment of inclusive growth, boost productivity, and generate additional revenue for the government. The MEM consists of two parts: part one presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part two focuses on a special selected topic relevant to Malawi's development prospects
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  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Short-Term Effects of India's Employment Guarantee Program on Labor Markets and Agricultural Productivity
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses a large national household panel from 1999/2000 and 2007/08 to analyze the short-term effects of India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme on wages, labor supply, agricultural labor use, and productivity. The scheme prompted a 10-point wage increase and higher labor supply to nonagricultural casual work and agricultural self-employment. Program-induced drops in hired labor demand were more than outweighed by more intensive use of family labor, machinery, fertilizer, and diversification to crops with higher risk-return profiles, especially by small farmers. Although the aggregate productivity effects were modest, total employment generated by the program (but not employment in irrigation-related activities) significantly increased productivity, suggesting alleviation of liquidity constraints and implicit insurance provision rather than quality of works undertaken as a main channel for program-induced productivity effects
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  • 21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ali, Daniel Large Farm Establishment, Smallholder Productivity, Labor Market Participation, and Resilience : Evidence from Ethiopia
    Kurzfassung: Although the nature and magnitude of (positive or negative) spillovers from large farm establishment are hotly debated, most evidence relies on case studies. Ethiopia's large farms census together with 11 years of nation-wide smallholder surveys allows examination and quantification of spillovers using intertemporal changes in smallholders' proximity and exposure to large farms, generally or growing the same crop, for identification. The results suggest positive spillovers on fertilizer and improved seed use, yields, and risk coping, but not local job creation, for some crops, most notably maize. Most spillovers are crop-specific and limited to large farms' immediate vicinity. The implications for policy and research are drawn out
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  • 22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Can Labor Market Imperfections Explain Changes in the Inverse Farm Size-Productivity Relationship? Longitudinal Evidence from Rural India
    Kurzfassung: A large national farm panel from India covering a quarter century (1982, 1999, and 2008) is used to show that the inverse farm size-yield relationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. Key reasons are substitution of capital for labor in response to nonagricultural labor demand. Family labor was more efficient than hired labor in 1982-99, but not in 1999-2008. In line with labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period, except in villages with very low nonagricultural labor demand
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  • 23
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ali, Daniel Ayalew Using Administrative Data to Assess the Impact and Sustainability of Rwanda's Land Tenure Regularization
    Kurzfassung: Rwanda's completion, in 2012/13, of a land tenure regularization program covering the entire country allows the use of administrative data to describe initial performance and combine the data with household surveys to quantify to what extent and why subsequent transfers remain informal, and how to address this. In 2014/15, annual volumes of registered sales ranged between 5.6 percent for residential land in Kigali and 0.1 percent for agricultural land in the rest of the country; and US
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ali, Daniel Investigating the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity
    Kurzfassung: Women comprise 50 percent of the agricultural labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa, but manage plots that are reportedly on average 20 to 30 percent less productive. As a source of income inequality and aggregate productivity loss, the country-specific magnitude and drivers of this gender gap are of great interest. Using national data from the Uganda National Panel Survey for 2009/10 and 2010/11, the gap before controlling for endowments was estimated to be 17.5 percent. Panel data methods were combined with an Oaxaca decomposition to investigate the gender differences in resource endowment and return to endowment driving this gap. Although men have greater access to inputs, input use is so low and inverse returns to plot size so strong in Uganda that smaller female-managed plots have a net endowment advantage of 12 percent, revealing a larger unexplained gap of 29.5 percent. Two-fifths of this unexplained gap is attributed to differential returns to the child dependency ratio and one-fifth to differential returns to transport access, implying that greater child care responsibilities and difficulty accessing input and output markets from areas without transport are the largest drivers of the gap. Smaller and less robust drivers include differential uptake of cash crops, and differential uptake and return to improved seeds and pesticides
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  • 25
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ali, Daniel Ayalew Costs and Benefits of Land Fragmentation: Evidence from Rwanda
    Kurzfassung: Rural Development
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Quantifying Spillover Effects from Large Farm Establishments: The Case of Mozambique
    Kurzfassung: Almost a decade after large land-based investment for agriculture increased sharply, opinions on its impact continue to diverge, partly because (positive or negative) spillovers on neighboring smallholders have never been rigorously assessed. Applying methods from the urban literature on Mozambican data suggests that changes in the number and area of large farms within 25 or 50 kilometers of these investments raised use of improved practices, animal traction, and inputs by small farmers without increasing cultivated area or participation in output, credit, and nonfarm labor markets; or, once these factors are controlled for, yields. The limited scope and modest size of the estimated benefits point toward considerable unrealized potential. The paper discusses ways to systematically explore the size of such potential and the extent to which it is realized
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  • 27
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ali, Daniel Using National Statistics to Increase Transparency of Large Land Acquisition: Evidence from Ethiopia
    Kurzfassung: The 2007/08 commodity price boom triggered a 'rush' for land in developing countries. Yet, many affected countries lacked the regulatory infrastructure to cope with such demand and reliable data on investors' performance. This study uses the example of Ethiopia to show how simple improvements in administrative data collection can help to address this by (i) allowing assessment of the productivity of land use and taking measures to increase it; (ii) comparing productivity between large and small farms to identify spillovers and ways to improve these; and (iii) setting in motion a process of continuing improvement. Implications for global investment in this area are drawn out
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  • 28
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Smallholders' Land Ownership and Access in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Landscape?
    Kurzfassung: Communities & Human Settlements
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ali, Daniel Ayalew Pronatal Property Rights over Land and Fertility Outcomes: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Ethiopia
    Kurzfassung: This study exploits a natural experiment to investigate the impact of land reform on the fertility outcomes of households in rural Ethiopia. Public policies and customs created a situation where Ethiopian households could influence their usufruct rights to land via a demographic expansion of the family. The study evaluates the impact of the abolishment of these pronatal property rights on fertility outcomes. By matching aggregated census data before and after the reform with administrative data on the reform, a difference-in-differences approach between reform and non-reform districts is used to assess the impact of the reform on fertility outcomes. The impact appears to be large. The study estimates that women in rural areas reduced their life-time fertility by 1.2 children due to the reform. Robustness checks show that the impact estimates are not biased by spillovers or policy endogeneity
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Impact of Property Rights Reform to Support China's Rural-Urban Integration: Village-Level Evidence from the Chengdu National Experiment
    Kurzfassung: As part of a national experiment, in 2008 Chengdu prefecture implemented ambitious property rights reforms, including complete registration of all land together with measures to ease transferability and eliminate labor market restrictions. This study uses a discontinuity design with spatial fixed effects to compare 529 villages just inside and outside the prefecture's border. The results suggest that the reforms increased tenure security, aligned land use closer to economic incentives, mainly through market transfers, and led to an increase in enterprise start-ups. These impacts, most of which are more pronounced for villages with lower travel time to Chengdu city, point toward high potential gains from factor market reform
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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