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  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • Cohen, Robert S.  (5)
  • Hooker, Clifford Alan  (4)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (9)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400993495
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (963p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 21
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 21
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I / History of Science -- 1. On the Method of History of Science (1947) -- 2. Science in History (Review of J. D. Bernal’s Science in History) (1956) -- 3. The Logical Problem of the Definition of Irrational Numbers (1927) -- 4. Rationalism in Antiquity (1954) -- 5. The Transformations of the Atomic Concept through the Ages (1969) -- 6. Flicker in the Darkness (Review of Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions) (1969) -- 7. Marcus Marci’s Investigations of the Prism and Their Relation to Newton’s Theory of Color (1932) -- 8. Descartes at Uppsala (Review of R. Lindborg’s Descartes i Uppsala) (1967) -- 9. Newton and the Law of Gravitation (1965) -- 10. Newton’s Views on Aether and Gravitation (1969) -- 11. The Genesis of the Laws of Thermodynamics (1941) -- 12. Joule’s Scientific Outlook (1952) -- 13. An Analysis of Joule’s Experiments on the Expansion of Air (1956) -- 14. The Velocity of Light and the Evolution of Electrodynamics (1956) -- 15. The Evolution of Oersted’s Scientific Concepts (1970) -- 16. The First Phase in the Evolution of the Quantum Theory (1936) -- 17. Max Planck and the Statistical Definition of Entropy (1959) -- 18. Matter and Force after Fifty Years of Quantum Theory (1963) -- 19. Men and Ideas in the History of Atomic Theory (1971) -- 20. Jacques Solomon (1959) -- 21. Quantum Theory in 1929: Recollections from the First Copenhagen Conference (1971) -- 22. Niels Bohr: An Essay Dedicated to Him on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. October 7, 1945 (1945; 2nd edition 1961) -- 23. The Conception of the Meson Field: Some Reminiscences and Epistemological Comments (1968) -- 24. Nuclear Reminiscences (1972) -- 25. Celestial and Terrestrial Physics in Historical Perspective (1969) -- II / Epistemology -- 1. On the Question of the Measurability of Electromagnetic Field Quantities (with Niels Bohr) (1933) -- 2. Field and Charge Measurements in Quantum Electrodynamics (with Niels Bohr) (1950) -- 3. On Quantum Electrodynamics (Among Essays Dedicated to Niels Bohr on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday) (1955) -- 4. On Quantization of Fields (1963) -- 5. The Evolution of the Idea of Causality (1942) -- 6. Strife about Complementarity (1953) -- 7. Complementarity and Statistics, I and II (1958) -- 8. Misunderstandings about the Foundations of Quantum Theory (1957) -- 9. Foundations of Quantum Theory and Complementarity (1961) -- 10. The Epistemological Conflict between Einstein and Bohr (Dedicated to Max Born on his 80th Birthday) (1963) -- 11. Niels Bohr’s Contribution to Epistemology (1963) -- 12. The Measuring Process in Quantum Mechanics (On the 30th Anniversary of the Meson Theory by Dr. H. Yukawa, 1965) (1965) -- 13. Statistical Causality in Atomic Theory: A General Introduction to Irreversibility (1972 and 1974) -- 14. The Macroscopic Level of Quantum Mechanics (1972) -- 15. Quantum Theory and Gravitation (1966) -- 16. Questions of Method in the Consistency Problem of Quantum Mechanics (1968) -- 17. The Method of Physics (1968) -- 18. Some Reflections on Knowledge (1971) -- 19. Epistemology on a Scientific Basis (1971) -- 20. Condillac’s Influence on French Scientific Thought (1972) -- 21. Unphilosophical Considerations on Causality in Physics (1971) -- 22. Irreversibility — a Lay Sermon (On the Occasion of Professor K. Bleuler’s Sixtieth Birthday) (1977) -- 23. Berkeley Redivivus (Review of W. Heisenberg’s Natural Law and the Structure of Matter) (1970) -- 24. The Wave-Particle Dilemma (1973) -- 25. A Voyage to Laplacia (1955) -- III / Theoretical Physics -- 1. On the Energy-Momentum Tensor (1940) -- 2. On the Definition of Spin for a Radiation Field (1942) -- 3. On the Behavior of a Canonical Ensemble during an Adiabatic Transformation (1942) -- 4. On the Isolated and Adiabatic Susceptibilities (1961) -- 5. On the Foundations of Statistical Thermodynamics (1955) -- 6. Questions of Irreversibility and Ergodicity (1962) -- 7a. Dynamical Theory of Nuclear Resonances (1968) -- 7b. Coupling between Compound and Single-Particle Resonances (1968) -- 8. The Structure of Quantum Theory (1968) -- IV / Social Relations of Science -- 1. The Organization of Scientific Research (1948) -- 2. The Atomic Researcher: The Atomic Physicist’s Tasks, Goals and Methods (1968) -- 3. Technical and Social Aspects of the Development of the European Scientific Research Organizations (1970) -- 4. Social and Individual Aspects of the Development of Science (1971) -- Bibliography of the Writings of Léon Rosenfeld -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The decision to undertake this volume was made in 1971 at Lake Como during the Varenna summer school ofthe Italian Physical Society, where Professor Leon Rosenfeld was lecturing on the history of quantum theory. We had long been struck by the unique blend of epistemological, histori­ cal and social concerns in his work on the foundations and development of physics, and decided to approach him there with the idea of publishing a collection of his papers. He responded enthusiastically, and agreed to help us select the papers; furthermore, he also agreed to write a lengthy introduction and to comment separately on those papers that he felt needed critical re-evaluation in the light of his current views. For he was still vigorously engaged in both theoretical investigations of, and critical not reflections on the foundations of theoretical physics. We certainly did conceive of the volume as a memorial to a 'living saint', but rather more practically, as a useful tool to place in the hands of fellow workers and students engaged in wrestling with these difficult problems. All too sadly, fate has added a memorial aspect to our labors. We agreed that in order to make this book most useful for the con­ temporary community of physicists and philosophers, we should trans­ late all non-English items into English.
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  • 2
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400993815
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (370p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Four Philosophical Essays, Vienna Circle Collection 12
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 12
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Logistic Neopositivism. A critical study -- 2. On the System of the Concepts of Reality. A contribution to logical empiricism -- 3. On the Concept of Reality in Physical Science. Second contribution to logical empiricism -- 4. The Perceptual and Conceptual Components of Everyday Experience -- The Philosophical and Psychological Writings of Eino Kaila -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Philosophically, there is a book which was a tremendous experience for me: Eino Kaila's hychology of the Person­ ality _ His thesis that man lives strictly according to his needs - negative and positive - was shattering to me, but terribly true. And I built on this ground. Ingmar Bergman J 1. This introductory essay is neither intended to be a full presentation nor to be a critical evaluation of the contributions to philosophy made by Eino Kaila. Kaila's work will speak to the reader through the four papers here published in English translation from the German. They belong in the tra­ dition of the Vienna Circle and of logical empiricism. They cover, however, only one period or sector of Kaila's rich and varied life-work. This is the sector best integrated into the mainstream of contemporary philosophic thinking. The primary aim of this essay is to portray an impressive intellectual personality and to make a modest contribution to Finnish and Scandinavian intellectual history. Much of its content may be thought to be of 'local' relevance only. But considering the position which Kaila held in his country and considering his decisive influence on the development of philosophy in Finland, I hope that this local background will also interest an international circle of readers.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789400997899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (476p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 13a
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 13a
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: The ‘Tracing Procedure’ and a Theory of Rational Interaction -- Variety Among Hierarchies of Preference -- Conflict and Structure in Multi-Level Multiple Objective Decision-Making systems -- Inadequacies in the Decision Analysis Model of Rationality -- Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility -- Coordination Theory -- A Piagetian Approach to Decision and Game Theory -- Axiomatizing the Logic of Decision -- On Indeterminate Probabilities -- Irrelevance -- On a Decision Theoretic Method for Social Decisions -- Consensus and Comparison: A Theory of Social Rationality -- Conjoint Measurement: A Brief Survey -- The Minimax Theory and Expected-Utility Reasoning -- Newcomb’s Many Problems -- Newcomb’s Problem, Dominance and Expected Utility -- The Copernican Revelation -- Prolegomena to a Theory of Rational Motives -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: 1. INTRODUCTION In the Spring of 1975 we held an international workshop on the Foundations and Application of Decision Theory at the University of Western Ontario. To help structure the workshop into ordered and manageable sessions we distri­ buted the following statement of our goals to all invited participants. They in turn responded with useful revisions and suggested their own areas of interest. Since this procedure provided the eventual format of the sessions, we include it here as the most appropriate introduction to these collected papers result­ ing from the workshop. The reader can readily gauge the approximation to our mutual goals. 2. STATEMENT or OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE (Attached to this statement is a bibliography; names of persons cited in the statement and writing in this century will be found referenced in the biblio­ graphy - certain 'classics' aside. ) 2. 1. Preamble We understand in the following the Theory of Decisions in a broader sense than is presently customary, construing it to embrace a general theory of deciSion-making, induding social, political and economic theory and applica­ tions. Thus, we subsume the Theory of Games under the head of Decision Theory, regarding it as a particularly clearly formulated version of part of the general theory of decision-making.
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  • 4
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400998551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (446p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 4b
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: V / Philosophy of Physics -- 44. The Present State of the Discussion on Relativity (1922) -- 45. The Theory of Motion According to Newton, Leibniz, and Huyghens (1924) -- 46. The Relativistic Theory of Time (1924) -- 47. The Causal Structure of the World and the Difference between Past and Future (1925) -- 48. The Aims and Methods of Physical Knowledge (1929) -- 49. Current Epistemological Problems and the Use of a Three-Valued Logic in Quantum Mechanics (1951) -- 50. The Logical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (1952) -- 51. The Philosophical Significance of the Wave-Particle Dualism (1953) -- VI/Probability and Induction -- 52a. The Physical Presuppositions of the Calculus of Probability (1920) -- 52b. Appendix: A Letter to the Editor (1920) -- 53. A Philosophical Critique of the Probability Calculus (1920) -- 54. Notes on the Problem of Causality [A Letter from Erwin, Schrödinger to Hans Reichenbach] (1924) -- 55. Causality and Probability (1930) -- 56. The Principle of Causality and the Possibility of Its Empirical Confirmation (1932) -- 57. Induction and Probability: Remarks on Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1935) -- 58. The Semantic and the Object Conceptions of Probability Expressions (1939) -- 59. A Letter to Bertrand Russell (March 28, 1949) -- Bibliography of Writings oF Hans Reichenbach -- Index of Names to Volumes One and Two.
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400997615
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (518p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 4a
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Memories of Hans Reichenbach -- 1. Autobiographical Sketches for Academic Purposes -- 2. Memories of Wendeli Erné, Hans Reichenbach’s Sister -- 3. At the End of School Days: A Look Backward and a Look Forward (1909) -- 4. Letter from Reichenbach to His Four Years Older Brother Bernhard -- 5. From a letter of Bernhard Reichenbach to Maria Reichenbach (1975) -- 6. Memories of Ilse Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach’s Sister-in-Law -- 7. Memories of Uncle Hans: Nino Erné -- 8. Hans’ Speech at the Funeral of His Father -- 9. Aphorisms of a Docent Formally Admitted to Teach at a University (1924) -- 10. University Student: Carl Landauer -- 11. University Student: Hilde Landauer -- 12. Memories of Hans Reichenbach, 1928 and Later: Sidney Hook -- 13. A Young University Teacher [from a letter of Carl Hempel to Maria Reichenbach, March 21, 1976] -- 14. A Professor in Turkey, 1936: Memories of Matild Kamber -- 15. Concerning Reichenbach’s Appointment to the University of California at Los Angeles: Charles Morris -- 16. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Rudolf Carnap -- 17. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Herbert Feigl -- 18. Recollections of Hans Reichenbach: Ernest Nagel -- 19. U.C.L.A.: Donald Kalish -- 20. U.C.L.A.: Paul Wienpahl -- 21. U.C.L.A.: Norman Dalkey -- 22. U.C.L.A.: Hermann F. Schott -- 23. A Blind Student Recalls Hans Reichcnbach: H. G. Burns -- 24. Recollections of Hans Reichenbach: David Brunswick -- 25. U.C.L.A., 1945–1950: Cynthia Schuster -- 26. U.C.L.A., 1949: W. Bruce Taylor -- 27. 1950: Donald A.Wells -- 28. U.C.L.A., 1951–53: Ruth Anna Putnam -- 29. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Frank Leroi -- 30. Hans Reichenbach’s Definitive Influence on Me: Adolf Grünbaum -- 31. At the Chapel, 1953: Abraham Kaplan -- 32. Hans Reichenbach, a Memoir: Wesley C. Salmon -- 33. Memories of Hans Reichenbach: Maria Reichenbach -- I / Early Writings on Social Problems -- Student Years: Introductory Note to Part I (M.R.) -- 1. The Student (1912–13) -- 2. The Student Body and Catholicism (1912) -- 3. The Free Student Idea: Its Unified Contents (1913) -- 4. Why do we Advocate Physical Culture? (1913) -- 5. The Meaning of University Reform (1914) -- 6. Platform of the Socialist Students’ Party (1918) -- 7. Socializing the University (1918) -- 8. Report of the Socialist Student Party, Berlin and Notes on the Program (1918) -- II / Popular Scientific Articles -- 9. The Nobel Prize for Einstein (1922) -- 10. Relativity Theory in a Matchbox: A Philosophical Dialogue (1922) -- 11. Tycho Brahe’s Sextants (1926) -- 12. The Effects of Einstein’s Theory (1926) -- 13. An Open Letter to the Berlin Funkstunde Corporation (1926) -- 14. Laying the Foundations of Chemistry: The Work of Marcellin Berthelot (1927) -- 15. Memories of Svante Arrhenius (1927) -- 16. A New Model of the Atom (1927) -- 17. On the Death of H. A. Lorentz (1928) -- 18. Philosophy of the Natural Sciences (1928) -- 19. Space and Time: From Kant to Einstein (1928) -- 20. Causality or Probability? (1928) -- 21. The World View of the Exact Sciences (1928) -- 22. New Approaches in Science: Physical Research (1929) -- 23. New Approaches in Science: Philosophical Research (1929) -- 24. New Approaches in Science: Mathematical Research (1929) -- 25. The New Philosophy of Science (1929) -- 26. Einstein’s New Theory (1929) -- 27. Johannes Kepler (1930) -- 28. The Present State of the Sciences: The Exact Natural Sciences (1930) -- 29. One Hundred Against Einstein (1931) -- 30. Is the Human Mind Capable of Giange? (An Interview) (1932) -- III / General Scientific Articles -- 31. Metaphysics and Natural Science (1925) -- 32. Bertrand Russell (1929) -- 33. The Philosophical Significance of Modern Physics (1930) -- 34. The Königsberg Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences (1930) -- 35. The Problem of Causality in Physics (1931) -- 36. The Physical Concept of Truth (1931) -- 37. Heinrich Scholz’History of Logic (1931) -- 38. Aims and Methods of Modern Philosophy of Nature (1931) -- 39. Kant and Natural Science (1933) -- 40. Carnap’sLogical Structure of the World (1933) -- 41. Theory of Series and Gödel’s Theorems (Sections 17–22) (1948) -- IV / Ethical Analysis -- 42. The Freedom of the Will (1959) -- 43. On the Explication of Ethical Utterances (1959) -- Bibliography of Writings of Hans Reichenbach -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: These two volumes form a full portrait of Hans Reichenbach, from the school boy and university student to the maturing and creative scholar, who was as well an immensely devoted teacher and a gifted popular writer and speaker on science and philosophy. We selected the articles for several reasons. Many of them have not pre­ viously been available in English; many are out of print, either in English or in German; some, especially the early ones, have been little known, and deal with subject-matters other than philosophy of science. The genesis and evolu­ tion of Reichenbach's ideas appeared to be of deep interest, and so we in­ cluded papers from four decades, despite occasional redundancy. We were, for example, pleased to include his extensive review article from the encyclo­ pedic Handbuch der Physik of 1929 on 'The Aims and Methods of Physical Knowledge', written at a time of creative collaboration between Reichenbach's Berlin group and the Vienna Circle of Schlick and Carnap. Reichenbach was a pioneer, opening new pathways to the solution of age-old problems in many fields: space, time, causality, induction and probability - philosophical analysis and interpretation of classical physics, relativity and quantum physics - logic, language, ethics, scientific explanation and methodology, critical appreciation and reconstruction of past metaphysical thinkers and scientists from Plato to Leibniz and Kant. Indeed, his own philosophical journey was initiated by his passage from Kant to anti-Kant.
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  • 6
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401012843
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (342p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 34
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 34
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. General Problems -- A Plea for Freeing the History of Scientific Discoveries from Myth -- Progress and Rationality in Research: Science from the Viewpoint of Popperian Methodology -- The Problems of Scientific Validation -- Science and Analogy -- Inductive Method and Scientific Discovery -- Scientific Discovery from the Viewpoint of Evolutionary Epistemology -- The Analytical (Quantitative) Theory of Science and its Implications for the Nature of Scientific Discovery -- Difficulties Inherent in a Pedagogy of Discovery in the Teaching of the Sciences -- Discovery and Vocation -- II. Case Studies -- Two Scientific Discoveries: Their Genesis and Destiny -- Logical and Psychological Aspects of the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood -- The Discovery of Duodenal Ancylostoma and of its Pathogenic Power -- Weber and Maxwell on the Discovery of the Velocity of Light in Nineteenth Century Electrodynamics -- Cognitive Psychology, Scientific Creativity, and the Case Study Method -- Biographical Notes -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: The 1977 lectures of the International School for the History of Science at Erice in Sicily were devoted to that vexing but inexorable problem, the nature of scientific discovery. With all that has been written, by scientists themselves, by historians and philosophers and social theorists, by psycholo­ gists and psychiatrists, by logicians and novelists, the problem remains elusive. Happily we are able to bring the penetrating lectures from Erice that summer to a wider audience in this volume of theoretical investigations and detailed case studies. The ancient and lovely town of Erice in Northwest Sicily, 750 m above the sea, was famous throughout the Mediterranean for its temple of the goddess of nature, Venus Erycina, said to have been built by Daedalus. As philosophers and historians of the natural sciences, we hope that the stimulating atmo­ sphere of Erice will to some extent be transmitted by these pages. We are especially grateful to that generous and humane physician and historian of science, Dr. Vincenzo Cappelletti, himself a creative scientist, for his collaboration in bringing this work to completion. We admire his intelligent devotion to fostering creative interaction between scientists and historians of science as Director of the School of History of Science within the great Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture at Erice, as well as for his imaginative leadership of the Istituto della Encic10pedia Italiana.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401014380
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (253p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with The University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 6c
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 6c
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The Statistics of Non-Boolean Event Structures -- Possibility and Probability -- Some Remarks on Hamiltonian Systems and Quantum Mechanics -- The Possibility Structure of Physical Systems -- Quantum Mechanical Physical Quantities as Random Variables -- On the Interference of Probabilities -- Classical and Quantum Probability and Set Theory -- Discussion -- A Generalized Measure and Probability Theory for the Physical Sciences -- Discussion -- Quantum Logic, Convexity, and a Necker-Cube Experiment -- On the Applicability of the Probability Concept to Quantum Theory -- Discussion -- A Mathematical Setting for Inductive Reasoning -- Discussion -- Classical Statistical Mechanics Versus Quantal Statistical Thermodynamics: A Study in Contrasts -- Discussion -- A Semantic Analysis of Niels Bohr’s Philosophy of Quantum Theory.
    Kurzfassung: In May of 1973 we organized an international research colloquium on foundations of probability, statistics, and statistical theories of science at the University of Western Ontario. During the past four decades there have been striking formal advances in our understanding of logic, semantics and algebraic structure in probabilistic and statistical theories. These advances, which include the development of the relations between semantics and metamathematics, between logics and algebras and the algebraic-geometrical foundations of statistical theories (especially in the sciences), have led to striking new insights into the formal and conceptual structure of probability and statistical theory and their scientific applications in the form of scientific theory. The foundations of statistics are in a state of profound conflict. Fisher's objections to some aspects of Neyman-Pearson statistics have long been well known. More recently the emergence of Bayesian statistics as a radical alternative to standard views has made the conflict especially acute. In recent years the response of many practising statisticians to the conflict has been an eclectic approach to statistical inference. Many good statisticians have developed a kind of wisdom which enables them to know which problems are most appropriately handled by each of the methods available. The search for principles which would explain why each of the methods works where it does and fails where it does offers a fruitful approach to the controversy over foundations.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401014366
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (466p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 6b
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 6b
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The Poverty of Statisticism -- Discussion -- On the Equivalence of Standard Inference Procedures -- Discussion -- Empirical Probability, Objective Statistical Methods, and Scientific Inquiry -- Discussion -- Philosophy of Survey-Sampling Practice -- Discussion -- The Bayesian Influence, or How to Sweep Subjectivism Under the Carpet -- Confidence Intervals vs Bayesian Intervals -- Discussion -- On Tests of Significance -- Discussion -- Statistics and the Philosophers -- Discussion -- Statistical Knowledge and Statistical Inference -- Discussion -- Bayesian Statistics -- Discussion -- A Theory of Statistical Evidence -- Discussion -- Testing Theories and the Foundations of Statistics -- Discussion.
    Kurzfassung: In May of 1973 we organized an international research colloquium on foundations of probability, statistics, and statistical theories of science at the University of Western Ontario. During the past four decades there have been striking formal advances in our understanding of logic, semantics and algebraic structure in probabilistic and statistical theories. These advances, which include the development of the relations between semantics and metamathematics, between logics and algebras and the algebraic-geometrical foundations of statistical theories (especially in the sciences), have led to striking new insights into the formal and conceptual structure of probability and statistical theory and their scientific applications in the form of scientific theory. The foundations of statistics are in a state of profound conflict. Fisher's objections to some aspects of Neyman-Pearson statistics have long been well known. More recently the emergence of Bayesian statistics as a radical alternative to standard views has made the conflict especially acute. In recent years the response of many practising statisticians to the conflict has been an eclectic approach to statistical inference. Many good statisticians have developed a kind of wisdom which enables them to know which problems are most appropriately handled by each of the methods available. The search for principles which would explain why each of the methods works where it does and fails where it does offers a fruitful approach to the controversy over foundations.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401018531
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (319p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with The University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 6a
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 6a
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Prior Probabilities and Counterfactual Conditionals -- Incomplete Descriptions in the Language of Probability Theory -- A Computational Complexity Viewpoint on the Stability of Relative Frequency and on Stochastic Independence -- A Logic for Subjective Belief -- Discussion -- Rational Belief Change, Popper Functions and Counterfactuals -- Letter by Robert Stalnaker to W. L. Harper -- Ramsey Test Conditionals and Iterated Belief Change (A Response to Stalnaker) -- Toward an Optimization Procedure for Applying Minimum Change Principles in Probability Kinematics -- Simplicity -- Discussion -- Conditionalization, Observation, and Change of Preference -- Discussion -- Probabilities of Conditionals -- Discussion -- Letter by Stalnaker to Van Fraassen -- Letter by Van Fraassen to Stalnaker.
    Kurzfassung: In May of 1973 we organized an international research colloquium on foundations of probability, statistics, and statistical theories of science at the University of Western Ontario. During the past four decades there have been striking formal advances in our understanding of logic, semantics and algebraic structure in probabilistic and statistical theories. These advances, which include the development of the relations between semantics and metamathematics, between logics and algebras and the algebraic-geometrical foundations of statistical theories (especially in the sciences), have led to striking new insights into the formal and conceptual structure of probability and statistical theory and their scientific applications in the form of scientific theory. The foundations of statistics are in a state of profound conflict. Fisher's objections to some aspects of Neyman-Pearson statistics have long been well known. More recently the emergence of Baysian statistics as a radical alternative to standard views has made the conflict especially acute. In recent years the response of many practising statisticians to the conflict has been an eclectic approach to statistical inference. Many good statisticians have developed a kind of wisdom which enables them to know which problems are most appropriately handled by each of the methods available. The search for principles which would explain why each of the methods works where it does and fails where it does offers a fruitful approach to the controversy over foundations.
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