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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.51
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of understanding about the effects of monetary policy, both at the conceptual level and in the light of the experience of the seven major OECD countries (the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Canada) and three selected smaller open economies (Australia, the Netherlands and Sweden) since the early 1970s (1). Over this period, there have been substantial developments in the policy making environment and in the conduct and implementation of monetary policy which may have significantly affected the way monetary variables influence the real sector of the economy. A. Changes in the macroeconomic and financial environment and their implications for policy making Since the early 1970s there has been a general deterioration in the macroeconomic situation in OECD countries. These have been subjected to large supply shocks, to substantial changes in the rate of inflation, to slow economic growth, to ...
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.39
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses how monetary policy might assist macroeconomic performance in the second half of the 1980s in the G-10 countries, without compromising the medium-term objective of price stability. From this perspective, the recent stance of monetary policy is assessed, as well as its possible effects on output and inflation. The paper also examines the gains that might be expected from a short-run monetary stimulus, internationally coordinated, against the risks that might be implied for central bank credibility ...
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses several aspects of the medium-term orientation of OECD countries' economic policies in the 1980s, concentrating on monetary and fiscal instruments. The developments that led to the adoption of such a "medium-term strategy", and the apparent analytical rationale for it, are first described. The paper then examines the way the strategy was actually implemented, attempting to judge how closely policies have in fact followed medium-term objectives, and assesses the results. Some lessons from experience with the strategy are outlined in conclusion ...
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.32
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reassesses, in the light of recent experience, the formulation of monetary policy in terms of targets for monetary aggregates in the major countries. A number of difficulties which have arisen are discussed: instability of the money-income relationship; constraints created by fiscal imbalances; exchange rate variability, as well as debt problems and threats to banks' solvency. The responses of monetary authorities to these difficulties are described and some possible options for the formulation of monetary policy in the future are considered (including nominal income and exchange rate targeting) ...
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.30
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the problems raised by the recent sharp increases in the ratio of public debt to GNP in most OECD Member countries. When interest rates exceed growth rates, this development appears as a symptom of instability in public finances. The paper also analyses the evolution of public debt within the wider framework of the government sector's net worth. One particular aspect of this approach -- the implicit pension liabilities of governments -- is seen to have a significant bearing on the debt outlook in several countries. Finally, the paper assesses the sensitivity of the public debt profile under alternative fiscal policy settings ...
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  • 6
    Language: French
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.21
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ces dernières années, le niveau des taux d'intérêt réels est apparu relativement élevé dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE. Cela n'a pas empêché la reprise économique de se développer (à un rythme plus rapide aux Etats-Unis et au Japon qu'en Europe) pas plus qu'il n'y a eu, semble-t-il, d'effets réellement défavorables sur les investissements des entreprises, en forte progression dans certains pays (les Etats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni par exemple). Cependant, on peut craindre que la persistance de taux réels élevés ne contribue à ralentir l'activité économique. En outre, le niveau élevé des taux d'intérêt -- tant nominaux que réels -- a aggravé les difficultés d'un certain nombre de pays en développement lourdement endettés, affectant ainsi défavorablement les exportations des pays de l'OCDE et menaçant la solidité du système bancaire international. De ce fait, cette situation constitue un sujet de préoccupation quasi général. L'étude qui suit aborde une série de questions soulevées par le ...
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