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  • Blöchliger, Hansjörg  (27)
  • Safari, an O'Reilly Media Company.
  • Economics  (28)
  • Engineering  (4)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The effect of a carbon tax rise on Iceland’s economy (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1708
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Iceland
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the potential impact of higher carbon taxation - to reach the government’s emission targets by 2030 - on Iceland’s economy. The paper is divided into two parts. First, a DSGE modelling exercise suggests that the equivalent of an oil price hike of between 30% and 55% is needed to reach the 2030 target, implying a GDP decline of between 0.3% and 0.6% by 2030. The impact on inflation would be very small. Second, a panel regression for the fishing industry reveals that a 40-50% oil price hike would be sufficient to reduce the entire fishing fleet’s emissions by 10%, raising total factor costs for the fishing companies by 4-5%. Such a cost hike would hardly threaten the competitiveness of the fishing industry. Both approaches assume that a carbon tax rise would have no effect on production technology.
    DOI: 10.1787/76a7eaed-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Greening Lithuania’s growth (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (23 p.)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1667
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Lithuania
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview on Lithuania’s environment and environmental policy. Environmental performance has improved since the mid-2000s. Greenhouse gas emissions declined and decoupled from growth over the past decade, yet per capita emissions increased. Transport and energy are the main sources of emissions and pollution, followed by agriculture and industry. There was much improvement in waste management practices, with a significant reduction of landfills. Yet Lithuania has the highest mortality rate from exposure to air pollution in the OECD. Energy efficiency is a concern, particularly in the housing sector. Pricing of environmentally damaging activities is low. Lithuania sets no CO2 tax, has one of the lowest excise duties on motor fuel, petrol and diesel in the OECD, and has one of the largest ‘diesel differentials’, the gap in the price of diesel versus gasoline. It also provides among the highest subsidies to fossil fuels. In 2020, the country introduced a purchase tax for passenger vehicles which takes into account emissions. Against this background, the country has scope for increasing fossil fuel taxes and removing subsidies, to reach its ambitious environmental and climate management objectives and the net-zero carbon emission target by 2050.
    DOI: 10.1787/5211d402-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
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    Online-Ressource
    Synthesising good practices in fiscal federalism : key recommendations from 15 years of country surveys (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper no. 28 (April 2020)
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.28
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Brazil ; Canada ; China, People’s Republic ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; India ; Indonesia ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Spain ; Switzerland ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The design of intergovernmental fiscal relations can help to ensure that tax and spending powers are assigned in a way to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Decentralisation can enable sub-central governments to provide better public services for households and firms, while it can also make intergovernmental frameworks more complex, harming equity. The challenges of fiscal federalism are multi-faceted and involve difficult trade-offs. This synthesis paper consolidates much of the OECD’s work on fiscal federalism over the past 15 years, with a particular focus on OECD Economic Surveys. The paper identifies a range of good practices on the design of country policies and institutions related strengthening fiscal capacity delineating responsibilities across evels of government and improving intergovernmental co-ordination.
    DOI: 10.1787/89cd0319-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Regional development in Lithuania : a tale of two economies (2020)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1650
    Schlagwort(e): regional development ; regional productivity ; labour mobility ; regional disparities ; education ; regional infrastructure ; fiscal decentralisation ; Lithuania ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Regional differences in GDP per capita, productivity, employment and poverty in Lithuania are among the largest in the OECD, and they have increased over the last decade. The country still recovers from the legacy of the Soviet planning system which aimed at balanced geographical distribution of industrial activity and left many unviable firms and jobs particularly in rural areas. Unemployment is high in many regions, while mobility of excess labour towards economically stronger areas remains insufficient. Some regions feature "surplus infrastructure", while others lack investment. This paper looks at potential reasons for persisting disparities and assesses recent policy initiatives to reduce them. Stark gaps in education outcomes between rural and urban areas should be addressed, mainly by reorganising the municipal school network and by fostering firm-based learning, i.e. apprenticeships. The digital infrastructure is weak in rural regions and should be strengthened to allow access to high-quality jobs in all parts of the country, including through teleworking. Housing supply in economically strong areas should be increased, while urban sprawl should be avoided. Finally, municipal governments should be given more fiscal power, while the planned functional regions should help foster inter-municipal coordination.
    DOI: 10.1787/5d6e3010-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    What makes a productive Russian firm? : a comparative analysis using firm-level data (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1592
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Productivity in Russia has fallen steadily over the past 15 years. This paper explores micro-level data to understand the contribution of individual firms to aggregate productivity. Overall, firm-level data corroborate the decline in aggregate productivity and a widening productivity gap against several European countries. They also show that the gap between “the best” and “the rest” has widened in Russia, similar to other countries. Russian markets are quite concentrated, i.e. dominated by few large firms. Larger firms tend to be more productive, but firms at the productivity frontier have become smaller and younger over time, suggesting that more support for young and innovative firms could help raise productivity. Foreign ownership is associated with higher productivity, and there is evidence that foreign firms generate positive productivity spillovers for domestic firms. Service firms belong to the most productive, yet the service sector remains underdeveloped. Mining is also very productive but less than in other countries. Differences in productivity across regions are large, even controlling for many other determinants, suggesting a lack of capital and labour mobility and knowledge transfer across regional borders.
    DOI: 10.1787/8590f752-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
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    Online-Ressource
    The drivers of regional growth in Russia : a baseline model with applications (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1523
    Schlagwort(e): 2004 - 2015 ; Regionales Wachstum ; Öffentliche Investition ; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Wachstumstheorie ; Russland ; Economics ; Russian Federation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Russia is a federation of more than 80 regions spanning across a huge territory. Natural resource endowment, inherited industrial specialization, remoteness and climate conditions contribute to large regional disparities. This paper presents an empirical framework model for assessing determinants of regional growth in Russia between 2004 and 2015 with an extension to include sub-national fiscal policies. Baseline results show convergence rates of regional GDP per capita in line with the 2% “iron law of convergence” between countries. Capital investment, and public investment in particular, is a stronger driver of regional growth than in most OECD countries. Natural-resource rich regions are growing faster, and oil price shocks have little economic impact in these regions, pointing at Russia’s centralized tax and transfer system. Subnational current government expenditure is associated with lower growth and slower regional convergence, suggesting low sub-national spending efficiency. There is also weak evidence that sub-national investment yields higher returns than federal government investment. Transfers have mixed effects depending on their nature. Budget equalization grants tend to slow regional growth as they reduce incentives to improve spending efficiency. On the other hand earmarked matching grants tend to spur growth and convergence as they direct resources towards more productive spending.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/9279f6c3-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Resource curse in oil exporting countries (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1511
    Schlagwort(e): 1982 - 2012 ; Erdölvorkommen ; Export ; Rohstoffreichtum ; Ölpreis ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Wechselkurs ; Welt ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the “resource curse” phenomenon, i.e. the negative impact of oil abundance on long-term economic growth, for a set of oil exporting countries. It distinguishes between two potential drivers of resource courses: oil dependence and oil price volatility, and it investigates whether the resource curse depends on a country’s institutional and macroeconomic environment. The empirical analysis relies on a panel of 24 oil exporters between 1982 and 2012 and an error correction model. The paper provides robust evidence in favour of the resource curse hypothesis, and there is no evidence that higher quality institutions could mitigate the curse. Oil price shocks appear to have an asymmetric impact in the short run: the growth effect is positive when oil prices rise, while no statistically significant effect is observed when they fall. There is also indirect evidence that the impact of an oil price shock is partly offset by fiscal policies, particularly in countries with high oil dependence. In the long run, oil price volatility does not appear to have a statistically significant impact on GDP. Finally, exchange rate regimes seem to play a role: countries allowing their currencies to float seem to gain from positive oil price shocks in the short run, but in the long run a fixed exchange rate regime is associated with higher GDP, probably owing to active stabilisation by sovereign wealth funds.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a5012a3d-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
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    Online-Ressource
    Local taxation, land use regulation, and land use : a survey of the evidence (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1375
    Schlagwort(e): Gemeindesteuer ; Grundsteuer ; Landnutzung ; Bevölkerungsdichte ; Bodenrecht ; Suburbanisierung ; Steuerwettbewerb ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical research on the relationship between local taxation, land use regulation and land use patterns. The findings can be summarized as follows: 1) In more fiscally decentralized settings, sub-national land use regulation and fiscal policies encourage urban sprawl. In contrast, in more centralized settings, restrictive urban containment policies and a lack of local fiscal incentives for land development tend to generate housing shortages. 2) Certain fiscal instruments affect the type and composition of land development, e.g. the share of residential versus commercial development. Removing local fiscal incentives for certain property types reduces the amount of land allocated for that type and increases its price. 3) In more decentralized settings, local land use policies aimed at containing or modifying urban growth are ineffective since mobile individuals can circumvent local restrictions by sorting into nearby jurisdictions that offer the preferred combination of land consumption and public services. 4) Expanding transportation networks enables households and firms to move to suburban areas, prompting the central city population to shrink and encouraging sprawl, particularly near major highways. 5) In fiscally decentralized settings, sub-urbanization is associated with a growing political power of homeowners. Homeowners tend to get fiscal zoning policies enacted – mainly via minimum lot size restrictions – that selectively attract well-off local taxpayers. Fiscal zoning thus imposes barriers to local development and raises property values, while at the same time facilitating sprawl. Overall, fiscal policy and land use regulation strongly interact, and governments must align those policies carefully to achieve land-use objectives effectively.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/52da7c6a-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
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    Online-Ressource
    Regional GDP in OECD countries : how has inequality developed over time? (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1329
    Schlagwort(e): 1995-2013 ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper surveys the state and evolution of GDP per capita in 281 regions of OECD countries for the time period 1995 – 2013. It puts a special focus on the disparities between the regions. These can be substantial: In 2013, GDP per capita of the least and most developed region varied by a factor of roughly ten. Using standard inequality measures like the coefficient of variation or the Gini coefficient, it is found that inequality has been decreasing between countries, while within-country disparities have often widened. Furthermore, transition matrices reveal that mobility within the distribution over time is higher in countries with larger degrees of fiscal decentralisation. This suggests that decentralisation allows regions to “take matters into their own hands”. Implications of other factors that correlate with the level of economic development are also discussed.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlpq7xz3tjc-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
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    Online-Ressource
    Fiscal decentralisation and regional disparities (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1330
    Schlagwort(e): 1995-2011 ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Räumliche Verteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Fiscal decentralisation can lead to a more efficient provision of local public goods and services and promote a better match between policies and citizens’ preferences. At the same time, however, there are concerns about whether all regions will gain from more autonomy. Decentralisation may not lift all boats, with “poor” regions losing competitiveness with respect to better endowed ones, thus increasing regional disparities. The present work investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and regional inequality within countries. Particular attention is paid to the different channels through which decentralisation can affect disparities: taxing powers, spending autonomy and the vertical fiscal imbalance. The empirical analysis, which is conducted on a sample of 30 OECD countries for the period 1995-2011, suggests that a balanced fiscal structure, where local spending is mainly financed by local taxation, reduces regional disparities, by providing an incentive to better use local resources and implement policies that favour economic development.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlpq7v3j237-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
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    Fiscal decentralisation and income inequality : empirical evidence from OECD countries (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1331
    Schlagwort(e): 1996-2011 ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Einkommensverteilung ; Gini-Koeffizient ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economy-wide disposable income inequality. Drawing on a dataset of up to 20 OECD countries over a period from 1996 to 2011, a regression analysis is performed, relating several indicators of national income inequality and a wide array of fiscal decentralisation indicators. The results indicate a weak, inequality-reducing relationship between decentralisation and income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, but the effect is rather small and unstable across specifications. Fine-graining the analysis by using income percentile ratios, in turn, produces more significant and stable results. It shows that the effects of fiscal decentralisation are not the same along the income distribution. While decentralisation tends to be associated with a reduction in income inequality between high incomes and the median, it is linked to a divergence of low income groups from the median, notably via sub-central tax autonomy. Transfers between levels of government also tend to increase the gap between lower and middle incomes. Interpreting these effects jointly, it seems that mainly middle income earners benefit from fiscal decentralisation. Finally, some insights on decentralisation and regional income inequality are presented. At first sight, fiscal decentralisation does not seem to be associated with income sorting in large jurisdictions, but a more fine-grained analysis is required to answer this question.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlpq7tm05r6-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
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    Online-Ressource
    Fiscal Federalism 2016 : Making Decentralisation Work (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264254053 , 9789264257696 , 9789264085824
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Fiscal federalism 2016
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzbeziehungen ; Welt ; Governance ; Taxation ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Fiscal Federalism 2016 surveys recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and sub-central government. Accessible and easy-to read chapters provide insight: into growing spending and tax devolution; the fiscal constitutions of federal countries; how immovable property taxation is regaining its former significance; on the true spending power of sub central governments; on the mix between own tax resources and intergovernmental grants; and on the role of fiscal rules and good budget frameworks for sustainable debt management at the state and local level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264254053-en
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  • 13
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    Does fiscal decentralisation foster regional convergence? (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper no. 17 (September 2016)
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.17
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzausgleich ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Wirtschaftliche Konvergenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Across the OECD, GDP per capita is converging. In contrast, regional disparities – or differences in GDP per capita across jurisdictions – are rising, mainly as a result of widening productivity differences. Fiscal decentralisation could help reduce them again. According to new OECD research, assigning more ownsource revenue to sub-national governments dampens regional GDP disparities and underpins regional convergence. In more decentralised settings, catching-up regions appear to adopt policy innovations more rapidly and their policy innovations have a stronger impact. Conversely, intergovernmental grants tend to fuel disparities, probably because they discourage lagging regions to develop their economic and fiscal base. However, when replacing intergovernmental transfers by own-source revenue, lower disparities in regional output may come at the cost of larger disparities in regional income and more unequal public service standards. Reforms to intergovernmental fiscal frameworks should therefore be two-pronged: a rise in sub-national own-source revenue should be paired with a re-design of intergovernmental transfers and fiscal equalisation, in order to make all jurisdictions enjoy the benefits of more sub-central fiscal power.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlr3c1vcqmr-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
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    Reforming the tax on immovable property : taking care of the unloved (2015)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1205
    Schlagwort(e): Grundsteuer ; Vermögensteuer ; Gemeindesteuer ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The tax on immovable property recently started to regain its former significance, but the tax yield still remains low, with slightly more than 1% of GDP and wide variation across countries. Against this background this paper surveys property tax policy in OECD countries and analyses the efficiency, distributional and stabilisation properties of property tax. Despite rising house prices, property tax revenues are modest, because tax values of property are set below market values; and because myriads of tax exemptions reduce the tax base and tax revenues further. While property taxes are considered the least harmful to growth, a pure land tax is preferable to a tax on investment. Property taxes can be anything from progressive to regressive, depending on tax incidence and the distribution of immovable property across income groups. Property taxes tend to stabilise house prices, although the effect is rather small. Finally, property taxes can underpin sustainable land use. Political economy factors largely explain resistance against property tax reform, which, among others, might include measures for poor and cash-strapped households. Property taxes are an overwhelmingly sub-national tax, and property tax reforms that include reforms of intergovernmental fiscal frameworks may turn out to be more successful.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js30tw0n7kg-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
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    The stabilisation properties of immovable property taxation : evidence from OECD countries (2015)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1237
    Schlagwort(e): Wohnungsmarkt ; Stabilisierungspolitik ; Grundsteuer ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper contributes to the scarce literature on the macroeconomic effects of property taxes, in particular on the relationships between property taxes, house prices and the wider economy. The paper first estimates a fiscal reaction function which analysis the reaction of property tax revenues to house prices. It then analyses a house price reaction function looking at the relation of how house prices react to changes in property taxes. For a set of OECD countries, the results suggest that property taxes tend to be a-cyclical or slightly pro-cyclical. They provide a stable revenue source for sub-central governments but do not stabilise the economy. The results also suggest that an increase in property tax revenues or in the tax revenue-to-GDP share slows down house price increases and that higher property taxation tends to reduce house price volatility.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5js0cqq93djg-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
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    Fiscal constitutions : an empirical assessment (2015)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (45 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1248
    Schlagwort(e): 1917 - 2013 ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Finanzpolitik ; Finanzverfassung ; Empirische Methode ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Fiscal constitutions comprise the set of rules and frameworks guiding fiscal policy that are enshrined in a country’s fundamental laws. This paper compares the fiscal constitutions of 15 federal countries by empirically assessing five building blocks: 1) the power of sub-national governments to conduct their own fiscal policy; 2) the degree to which sub-national governments are held responsible for fiscal policy outcomes; 3) the extent to which sub-national governments can shape fiscal policy of the federal level; 4) the strength of intergovernmental budget rules; and 5) the stability of fiscal policy arrangements. The results can be summarised as follows: Countries can be ranked along a single indicator, namely the degree of constitutionally guaranteed decentralisation. They can also be ranked along an indicator of institutional coherence which measures the extent to which building blocks “fit together”. From 1917 to 2013, fiscal autonomy and responsibility declined – except in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century – while co-determination and budget frameworks were strengthened, and institutional coherence rose. Simple correlations suggest that the extent of decentralisation hardly affects fiscal outcomes such as deficits, debt or vulnerability to crises, while institutional coherence (or incoherence for that purpose) does.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrxjctrxp8r-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 17
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    Online-Ressource
    Statistics for Mining Engineering (2014)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (288 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st edition
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Electronic books ; local
    Kurzfassung: Many areas of mining engineering gather and use statistical information, provided by observing the actual operation of equipment, their systems, the development of mining works, surface subsidence that accompanies underground mining, displacement of rocks surrounding surface pits and underground drives and longwalls, amongst others. In addition, the actual modern machines used in surface mining are equipped with diagnostic systems that automatically trace all important machine parameters and send this information to the main producer's computer. Such data not only provide information on the technical properties of the machine but they also have a statistical character. Furthermore, all information gathered during stand and lab investigations where parts, assemblies and whole devices are tested in order to prove their usefulness, have a stochastic character. All of these materials need to be developed statistically and, more importantly, based on these results mining engineers must make decisions whether to undertake actions, connected with the further operation of the machines, the further development of the works, etc. For these reasons, knowledge of modern statistics is necessary for mining engineers; not only as to how statistical analysis of data should be conducted and statistical synthesis should be done, but also as to understanding the results obtained and how to use them to make appropriate decisions in relation to the mining operation. This book on statistical analysis and synthesis starts with a short repetition of probability theory and also includes a special section on statistical prediction. The text is illustrated with many examples taken from mining practice; moreover the tables required to conduct statistical inference are included.
    Anmerkung: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 14, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Intergovernmental grants, pro- or counter-cyclical? (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (15 S.)
    Serie: Fiscal consolidation across government levels 3
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1072
    Serie: Fiscal consolidation across government levels
    Schlagwort(e): Finanzausgleich ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Antizyklische Finanzpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides empirical analysis that measures the cyclical properties of intergovernmental transfers (or grants). Modelling a fiscal policy reaction function this paper tests whether the transfers systems in OECD countries are pro- or counter-cyclical, i.e. whether they offset cyclical fluctuations of sub-central economies or, on the contrary, exacerbate them. Regression results suggest that transfer systems tend to be pro-cyclical in general and in more than half of OECD countries they tend to destabilise sub-central budgets. Transfer pro-cyclicality may be the result of several factors: Transfer spending is often determined as a share of central government tax revenue, which itself tends to fluctuate with the cycle. Moreover, many grants are matching sub-central spending and hence tend to exacerbate fluctuations of that sub-central spending. Pro-cyclical grants could partly explain the often observed pro-cyclicality of subcentral government fiscal policy.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k43nxqrlmtf-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fiscal federalism and its impact on economic activity, public investment and the performance of educational systems (2013)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (61 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1051
    Schlagwort(e): 1995-2011 ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Nationaleinkommen ; Produktivität ; Öffentliche Investition ; Schule ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Governance ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Intergovernmental fiscal frameworks usually reflect fundamental societal choices and history and are not foremost geared towards achieving economic policy objectives. Yet, like most institutional arrangements, fiscal relations affect the behaviour of firms, households and governments and thereby economic activity. This paper presents empirical research on the potential effects of fiscal decentralisation on a set of outcomes such as GDP, productivity, public investment and school performance. The results can be summarised as follows: decentralisation, as measured by revenue or spending shares, is positively associated with GDP per capita levels. The impact seems to be stronger for revenue decentralisation than for spending decentralisation. Decentralisation is strongly and positively associated with educational outcomes as measured by international student assessments (PISA). While educational functions can be delegated either to sub-central governments (SCG) or to schools, the results suggest that both strategies appear to be equally beneficial for educational performance. Finally, investment in physical and – especially – human capital as a share of general government spending is significantly higher in more decentralised countries.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k4695840w7b-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    How much, what policies? (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Serie: Fiscal consolidation across government levels 1
    Serie: OECD Economics Department working papers 1070
    Serie: Fiscal consolidation across government levels
    Schlagwort(e): Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Finanzbeziehungen ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of fiscal consolidation efforts at the central and sub-central government level, both during the current and past consolidation episodes. After experiencing a deficit and debt hike during the crisis, sub-central debt is mostly stabilising. So far, sub-central consolidation has been mainly achieved through spending cuts, while overall revenues remained largely stable. Sub-central tax revenues rose a bit, but intergovernmental transfers went down slightly. Sub-central governments in a few countries need to consolidate further, if they want to reach debt levels of 2007 or 2011 by the year 2026, as shown by fiscal gap calculations. During past consolidation episodes, sub-central consolidation increased the probability of debt stabilisation at the general government level. Reductions in intergovernmental grants improved the success rate. Central and sub-central deficits tended to move in parallel, although some subcentral governments experienced a “second trough” three or four years after consolidation had started. The paper suggests a number of instruments that could help sub-central governments consolidate their budgets, and argues in favour of amendments to sub-central fiscal rules.
    Anmerkung: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k43nxr99zd6-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two Volume Set & CD-ROM Pack, Third Edition, 3rd Edition (2013)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (1308 pages)
    Ausgabe: 3rd edition
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Electronic books ; local
    Kurzfassung: Building on the success of its 2006 predecessor, this 3rd edition of Open Pit Mine Planning and Design has been both updated and extended, ensuring that it remains the most complete and authoritative account of modern open pit mining available. Five new chapters on unit operations have been added, the revenues and costs chapter has been substantially revised and updated, and the references have been brought fully up to date. In addition, the pack now also includes a fully working version of the MicroMODEL mine planning software package. Volume 1 deals with the fundamental concepts involved in the planning and design of open pit mines. Subjects covered are mine planning, mining revenues and costs, orebody description, geometrical considerations, pit limits, production planning, mineral resources and ore reserves, responsible mining, rock blasting, rotary drilling, shovel loading, haulage trucks and machine availability and utilization. Volume 2 includes CSMine and MicroMODEL, user-friendly mine planning and design software packages developed specifically to illustrate the practical application of the involved principles. It also comprises the CSMine and MicroMODEL tutorials and user's manuals and eight orebody case examples, including drillhole data sets for performing a complete open pit mine evaluation. Open Pit Mine Planning and Design is an excellent textbook for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological and excavation engineering, and in advanced open pit mine planning and design. The principles described apply worldwide. In addition, the work can be used as a practical reference by professionals. The step-by-step approach to mine design and planning offers a fast-path approach to the material for both undergraduate and graduate students. The outstanding software guides the student through the planning and design steps, and the eight drillhole data sets allow the student to practice the described principles on different mining properties (three copper properties, three iron properties and two gold properties). The well-written text, the large number of illustrative examples and case studies, the included software, the review questions and exercises and the reference lists included at the end of each chapter provide the student with all the material needed to effectively learn the theory and application of open pit mine planning and design.
    Anmerkung: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed July 31, 2013) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Image Super-Resolution and Applications (2012)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9781466597754 , 1466597755 , 9781466557970 , 1466557974 , 9781466597723 , 1466597720 , 9780429088216 , 0429088213
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (502 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st edition
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): High resolution imaging ; Image reconstruction ; Interpolation ; Engineering ; Electronic books ; local ; Imagerie à haute résolution ; Reconstruction d'image ; Interpolation ; COMPUTERS ; Computer Graphics ; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ; Imaging Systems ; High resolution imaging ; Image reconstruction ; Interpolation
    Kurzfassung: This book is devoted to the issue of image super-resolution-obtaining high-resolution images from single or multiple low-resolution images. Although there are numerous algorithms available for image interpolation and super-resolution, there's been a need for a book that establishes a common thread between the two processes. Filling this need, Image Super-Resolution and Applications presents image interpolation as a building block in the super-resolution reconstruction process. Instead of approaching image interpolation as either a polynomial-based problem or an inverse problem, this book breaks the mold and compares and contrasts the two approaches. It presents two directions for image super-resolution: super-resolution with a priori information and blind super-resolution reconstruction of images. It also devotes chapters to the two complementary steps used to obtain high-resolution images: image registration and image fusion. Details techniques for color image interpolation and interpolation for pattern recognition Analyzes image interpolation as an inverse problem Presents image registration methodologies Considers image fusion and its application in image super resolution Includes simulation experiments along with the required MATLAB® code Supplying complete coverage of image-super resolution and its applications, the book illustrates applications for image interpolation and super-resolution in medical and satellite image processing. It uses MATLAB® programs to present various techniques, including polynomial image interpolation and adaptive polynomial image interpolation. MATLAB codes for most of the simulation experiments supplied in the book are included in the appendix.
    Anmerkung: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 15, 2012) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Money Laundering, 3rd Edition (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Details
    ISBN: 9780429251306 , 0429251300 , 9780511324840 , 0511324847 , 9781439869147 , 1439869146 , 9781466514157 , 1466514159 , 9781439869123
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (430 pages)
    Ausgabe: 3rd edition
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 363.25/968
    Schlagwort(e): Money laundering investigation ; Money laundering Prevention ; Business enterprises ; Finance ; Economics ; Commerce ; Electronic books ; local ; Blanchiment de l'argent ; Enquêtes ; États-Unis ; Money laundering investigation ; Money laundering ; Prevention ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Many changes have occurred in the twenty-five years that have passed since the enactment of the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986. The law has been amended, new underlying crimes have been added, and court decisions have modified its scope. The Act remains an important tool in combating criminal activity. Now in its third edition, Money Laundering: A Guide for Criminal Investigators covers the basics of finding ill-gotten gains, linking them to the criminal, and seizing them. Providing a clear understanding of money laundering practices, it explains the investigative and legislative processes that are essential in detecting and circumventing this illegal and dangerous activity. Highlights of the Third Edition include Important court decisions and changes in federal law since the Second Edition New trends in crime and terrorism financing The rise of money laundering in connecting with major frauds, including the Bernie Madoff case Law and policy shifts related to terrorism and financing since the Obama administration New methods for financial intelligence and the filing of Suspicious Activity Reports How changes in technology have enabled launderers to move funds more easily and anonymously Knowledge of the techniques used to investigate these cases and a full understanding of the laws and regulations that serve as the government's weapons in this fight are essential for the criminal investigator. This volume arms those tasked with finding and tracing illegal proceeds with this critical knowledge, enabling them to thwart illegal profiteering by finding the paper trail.
    Anmerkung: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 19, 2011) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock (2011)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley-IEEE Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781118171172 , 1118171179 , 9780470915660
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (312 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st edition.
    DDC: 621.3815486
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta, Diophantine, and all-digital Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen in popularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital nature and its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of the popular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, this timely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta by pairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research. Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses both sigma-delta and fractional-n-the still-in-use forerunner to sigma-delta-employing Simulink® models and detailed simulations of results to promote a deeper understanding. After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs are produced at the synthesizer output by the basic process and different methods for overcoming them. It investigates how various defects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise in the synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed, and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources by choosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architectures are then reviewed. The Simulink simulation models that provided data for the preceding discussions are described, providing guidance in making use of such models for further exploration. Next, another method for achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fine resolution-the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer-is introduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered, further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push their bandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the book reviews a newly important technology that is poised to become widely used in high-production consumer electronics-all-digital frequency synthesis. Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on various stages of development, and many related resources are available for download, including Simulink models, MATLAB® scripts, spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make this authoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want to achieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and an awareness of the latest developments in the field.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Sub-central Governments and the Economic Crisis : Impact and Policy Responses (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.752
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The world is recovering from the worst crisis since the Great Depression, leaving a strong and lasting impact on Member countries’ public finances. This paper analyses how sub-central governments (SCG) are affected and how fiscal policy has reacted in the first months after the outbreak of the crisis. In general and in line with earlier downturns, SCG’s public finance appear to be less affected than central governments. However, SCGs suffer from a scissors effect of higher spending and lower tax revenue, specially those with a volatile tax base and large social welfare responsibilities. While some SCGs were conducting their own stimulus plans, others cut expenditures and raised taxes, potentially undermining national government’s recovery programmes. Most national governments are helping SCGs to cope with the crisis, by disbursing additional grants and supporting investment programmes, by easing centrally-imposed fiscal rules, lifting borrowing constraints or by temporarily raising the sub-central tax share. The crisis also showed the need for better coordination in intergovernmental fiscal relations, both for more macroeconomic coherence and for efficiency in public service delivery. Several countries are creating or reinvigorating their institutions for managing relations across levels of government.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6xq5bgwc-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Spending Power of Sub-Central Governments : A Pilot Study (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.705
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This pilot study presents indicators that assess sub-central government (SCG) spending power by policy area. Traditional indicators – such as the share of SCG in total government spending – are often misleading as they underestimate the impact of central government regulation on sub-central spending patterns. In order to gauge true spending power, a set of institutional indicators is established, based on a detailed assessment of institutional, regulatory and administrative control central government exerts over various SCG policy areas. Results tend to confirm the limited discretion of SCGs over their own budget. Education in particular – the main SCG budget item in most countries – is strongly shaped by central government regulation. Federal countries tend to grant more spending power to SCGs than unitary countries. With a few amendments, the framework of this study could be applied to all OECD countries, although it is advisable to restrict the analysis to the main sub-central spending areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/223123781022
    URL: Volltext
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Taxes or Grants : What Revenue Source for Sub-Central Governments? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.706
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses trends in and driving forces of the revenue composition of sub-central governments (SCG). Between 1995 and 2005 the share of SCG in total government spending increased from 31 to 33%, while the SCG tax share remained stable at around 17%, increasing SCG’s dependence on intergovernmental grants. While equal access to public services is the most common justification for such grants, the grant systems of most countries are much larger than required by equalization. Moreover, rather than smoothing out SCG revenue fluctuations over the cycle, grants often tend to exacerbate them. Finally, there is some evidence that grants reduce SCG tax raising effort, inflate SCG spending and increase SCG deficits and debt. The economic crisis will both sharply reduce SCG’s own tax revenues and – via budget constraints at the central level – increase pressure on the grant system. The crisis could hence help rethink the SCG revenue mix, their tax structure and the size and design of intergovernmental transfers.
    DOI: 10.1787/223111363085
    URL: Volltext
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Péréquation financière (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallele Sprachausgabe Fiscal equalisation
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: La péréquation financière constitue un transfert de ressources budgétaires entre les autorités infranationales visant à compenser les disparités territoriales en termes de capacité fiscale ou de coût des services publics. Ce transfert représente 2.5 % du PIB ou 5 % de l’ensemble des dépenses publiques en moyenne pour l’ensemble des pays de l’OCDE. La péréquation permet de réduire de deux tiers en moyenne les disparités financières voire de virtuellement les combler entièrement dans certains pays. Cependant la péréquation ne va pas sans coût : en moyenne près de 70 % du revenu fiscal additionnel d’une autorité infranationale se trouve dédié à un fonds national de péréquation. Le taux de péréquation est en général plus élevé pour les collectivités territoriales disposant d’une faible capacité fiscale, ce qui limite leur effort fiscal et risque de ralentir la convergence économique entre les régions. La péréquation selon les coûts représente un pourcentage de PIB plus important que celle qui repose sur les revenus, et ce bien que les disparités soient moins élevées en termes de coût qu’en termes de revenus. Ce constat souligne les inefficacités des formules de péréquation. En particulier, la péréquation financière peut s’avérer pro-cyclique même si la plupart des pays parviennent à contenir les variations des engagements de dépense des collectivités territoriales, parfois même au prix de leurs besoins budgétaires. Les systèmes de péréquation financière sont en fait très marqués par les spécificités nationales, aussi les données comme les conclusions de l’analyse comparative doivent être prises avec précaution. Par Hansjörg Blöchliger et Claire Charbit
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-8-fr
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fiscal equalisation (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 22 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Péréquation financière
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: By Hansjörg Blöchliger and Claire Charbit Fiscal equalisation is a transfer of fiscal resources across jurisdictions to offset disparities in revenue raising capacity or public service cost. It covers on average 2.5% of GDP or 5% of total government expenditure across OECD countries. Equalisation reduces fiscal disparities by two-thirds on average and in some countries levels them virtually out. Strong equalisation comes at a price: on average, around 70% of a jurisdiction’s additional tax income must be dedicated to an equalisation fund. The equalisation rate is generally higher for jurisdictions with low fiscal capacity, reducing their tax effort and likely to slow down regional economic convergence. Cost equalisation is larger than revenue equalisation in terms of GDP despite smaller cost disparities, pointing at inefficiencies in the distribution formulae. Fiscal equalisation can be pro-cyclical but most countries succeed in reducing fluctuations of entitlements, sometimes at the cost of sub-central budget needs. Fiscal equalisation is very country specific, and data and analysis must be taken with care.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2008-art8-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 30
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    Online-Ressource
    Market Mechanisms in Public Service Provision (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.626
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a new set of institutional indicators that assess how sub-central governments harness market mechanisms such as tendering, outsourcing, user choice and competition, user fees and output-related funding when providing public services. Services put under scrutiny comprise primary, secondary and tertiary education, hospital care, childcare and elderly care, public transport, and waste collection. Results indicate that governments are often reluctant to apply market mechanisms when providing public services. “Technical” services such as transport or waste collection are more open to market mechanisms than “social” services like education or health care. Regulatory innovations such as tendering, competition or user choice are more advanced than financial innovations like user fees or output-related funding for service providers.
    DOI: 10.1787/241001625762
    URL: Volltext
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  • 31
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    Les pouvoirs budgétaires des administrations infranationales : Une autonomie en trompe-l'oeil (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 177-217
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 52 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Less than you thought: The fiscal autonomy of sub-central governments
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 177-217
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Dans les pays de l’OCDE, les États infranationaux et les autres collectivités publiques territoriales ont accès à de multiples ressources budgétaires. Leur l iberté d’en disposer varie beaucoup, tout comme le pouvoir de ces « administrations infranationales » (AI) de formuler leur budget et de définir les résultats qu’elles attendent de leur action, par exemple l’efficience du secteur public, l’égal accès aux services publics ou l’orientation budgétaire à long terme. Il serait donc utile de disposer de données sur la structure des recettes des AI. Or, les indicateurs ont longtemps donné une image imprécise des modalités de financement des budgets territoriaux. L’indicateur le plus fréquemment utilisé est la part des AI dans le total des recettes fiscales, ce qui est une piètre mesure si l’on veut évaluer l’autonomie dont jouissent réellement les AI. Comme les finances publiques sont tributaires de la maîtrise des recettes budgétaires, il faut constituer un ensemble d’indicateurs affinés pour déterminer l’autonomie budgétaire.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art12-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Less than you thought : The fiscal autonomy of sub-central governments (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 155-188
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 43 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les pouvoirs budgétaires des administrations infranationales : Une autonomie en trompe-l'oeil
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 155-188
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: State and local governments in OECD countries have access to various fiscal resources. Discretion over them varies considerably, and so does sub-central governments’ power to shape their budget and to determine outcomes like public sector efficiency, equity in access to public services or the long term fiscal stance. Data on the revenue structure of sub-central governments (SCG) would therefore be helpful. But indicators have long insufficiently reflected the way state and local budgets are funded. The most frequently used indicator is the ratio of SCG to total tax revenue, which is a poor measure for assessing the true autonomy SCGs enjoy. Since the power over fiscal revenue is a critical determinant for government finance, a set of more refined indicators for assessing fiscal autonomy should be established.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art12-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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