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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beegle, Kathleen Missing SDG Gender Indicators
    Keywords: Corporate Data and Reporting ; Gender ; Gender and Social Policy ; Gender Equality Goals ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; International Organizations ; Law and Development ; National Statistical System ; Private Sector Development ; Statistical Indicators ; Tracking Gender SDG Goals
    Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goal agenda lays out an ambitious set of 231 indicators to track progress. Countries continue to fall short in terms of reporting on the indicators in general, and this is particularly the case for the subset of 50 gender-related indicators, where countries reported on average on 31 percent of these indicators in at least one year from 2016 to 2020. A closer look at this low coverage reveals four salient fundings. First, this is not just a problem of missing data; lack of reporting on existing data is detected to be a problem. For example, of the 32 gender-related indicators that are sex disaggregated, if countries that had a population estimate also had a sex-disaggregated estimate (which is almost always feasible), the Sustainable Development Goal gender coverage rate would be 43 percent instead of 31 percent. Second, better statistical systems are a major part of the solution, as statistical system strength is correlated with higher coverage. Third, poorer countries are doing no worse in reporting on gender-related Sustainable Development Goal indicators than high-income countries, despite weaker statistical systems. Lastly, sizable over (and under) performance in reporting, conditional on statistical strength, suggests that country-level advocacy and focus can yield wins in Sustainable Development Goal gender indicator coverage
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Torres, Jesica The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women-Led Businesses
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Entrepreneurship ; Female Entrepreneurs ; Firm Performance ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender Gap ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Microenterprises ; Pandemic Impact ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has struck businesses across the globe with unprecedented impacts. The world economy has been hit hard and firms have experienced a myriad of challenges, but these challenges have been heterogeneous across firms. This paper examines one important dimension of this heterogeneity: the differential effect of the pandemic on women-led and men-led businesses. The paper exploits a unique sample of close to 40,000 mainly formal businesses from 49 countries covering the months between April and September 2020. The findings show that women-led micro-businesses, women-led businesses in the hospitality industry, and women-led businesses in countries more severely affected by the COVID-19 shock were disproportionately hit compared with businesses led by men. At the same time, women-led micro-firms were markedly more likely to report increasing the use of digital platforms, but less likely to invest in software, equipment, or digital solutions. Finally, the findings also show that women-led businesses were less likely to have received some form of public support although they have been hit harder in some domains. In a crisis of the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence tracing the impact of the shock in a timely fashion is desperately needed to help inform the design of policy interventions. This real-time glimpse into women-led businesses fills this need for robust and policy-relevant evidence, and due to the large country coverage of the data, it is possible to identify patterns that extend beyond any one country, region, or sector, but at the cost of some granularity for testing more complex economic theories
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (21 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Beegle, Kathleen Adult Mortality And Children's Transition Into Marriage
    Keywords: Sterblichkeit ; AIDS ; Kinder ; Ehe ; Tansania ; Adolescent Health ; Adult Mortality ; Demographics ; Diseases ; Epidemic ; Family Members ; Fertility ; Focus Group Discussions ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; HIV ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Illness ; Impact On Fertility ; Life Expectancy ; Marriage ; Population Policies ; Population and Development ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Youth and Government ; Adolescent Health ; Adult Mortality ; Demographics ; Diseases ; Epidemic ; Family Members ; Fertility ; Focus Group Discussions ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; HIV ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Illness ; Impact On Fertility ; Life Expectancy ; Marriage ; Population Policies ; Population and Development ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Youth and Government ; Adolescent Health ; Adult Mortality ; Demographics ; Diseases ; Epidemic ; Family Members ; Fertility ; Focus Group Discussions ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; HIV ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Illness ; Impact On Fertility ; Life Expectancy ; Marriage ; Population Policies ; Population and Development ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Youth and Government
    Abstract: Adult mortality due to HIV/AIDS and other diseases is posited to affect children through a number of pathways. On top of health and education outcomes, adult mortality can have significant effects on children by influencing demographic outcomes including the timing of marriage. The authors examine marriage outcomes for a sample of children interviewed in Tanzania in the early 1990s and re-interviewed in 2004. They find that while girls who became paternal orphans married at significantly younger ages, orphanhood had little effect on boys. On the other hand, non-parental deaths in the household affect the timing of marriage for boys
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Beegle, Kathleen Adult Mortality And Consumption Growth In The Age of HIV/AIDS
    Keywords: Adult Mortality ; Aids ; Aids Epidemic ; Brown Issues and Health ; Childbearing ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Demographic Impact ; Demographics ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Diseases ; Economic Status ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; HIV ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Heterosexual Contact ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mortality of Men ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Population Policies ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Adult Mortality ; Aids ; Aids Epidemic ; Brown Issues and Health ; Childbearing ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Demographic Impact ; Demographics ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Diseases ; Economic Status ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; HIV ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Heterosexual Contact ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mortality of Men ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Population Policies ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Adult Mortality ; Aids ; Aids Epidemic ; Brown Issues and Health ; Childbearing ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Consumption ; Demographic Impact ; Demographics ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Diseases ; Economic Status ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; HIV ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Heterosexual Contact ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mortality of Men ; Policy ; Policy Research ; Population Policies ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The authors use a 13-year panel of individuals in Tanzania to assess how adult mortality shocks affect both short and long-run consumption growth of surviving household members. Using unique data which tracks individuals from 1991 to 2004, they examine consumption growth, controlling for a set of initial community, household and individual characteristics. The effect is identified using the sample of households in 2004 which grew out of baseline households. The authors find robust evidence that an affected household will see consumption drop 7 percent within the first five years after the adult death. With high growth in the sample over this time period, this creates a 19 percentage point growth gap with the average household. There is some evidence of persistent effects of these shocks for up to 13 years, but these effects are imprecisely estimated and not significantly different from zero. The impact of female adult death is found to be particularly severe
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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