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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (68)
  • 2005-2009  (68)
  • Anderson, Kym  (50)
  • SAS Institute
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (68)
Material
Language
Years
Year
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute
    ISBN: 9781599946498 , 1599946491
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xiv, 446 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; SAS (Computer program language) ; Computer programming ; Engineering ; Statistical methods ; Application software ; Development ; Mathematical statistics ; Data processing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: "Most of the material in this book is geared toward a general audience, engineers will especially benefit from the focus on analysis of quality and reliability data. This book was prepared using SAS 9.2 and the companion code to the book includes a set of commonly used utility macros that allows SAS users to wield maximum power with minimal effort."--Publishers description.
    Note: Description based on print version record. - Includes bibliographical references (p. [409]-417) and index
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,
    ISBN: 9781607640455 , 1607640457
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 798 p , ill.
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Electronic data processing personnel ; Certification ; Study guides ; SAS (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: New and experienced SAS users who want to prepare for the Base Programming for SAS 9 exam will find the SAS Certification Prep Guide: Base Programming for SAS 9, Second Edition , to be an invaluable, convenient, and comprehensive resource that covers all of the objectives tested on the exam. Major topics include importing and exporting raw data files, creating and modifying SAS data sets, and identifying and correcting data syntax and programming logic errors. You will also become familiar with the enhancements and new functionality that are available in SAS 9. Each chapter includes a quiz on the chapter's contents, and the book includes a free CD-ROM with tutorials, practice data, and sample programs to further reinforce and test your SAS skills. This guide and the accompanying CD-ROM provide you with a solid study resource as well as a go-to reference for your library.
    Note: "SAS documentation.". - Imprint from t.p. verso. - Includes index
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781607640387 , 1607640384
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xvi, 137 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Financial crises ; United States ; Capitalism ; Recessions ; Technological innovations ; Leadership ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The financial crisis that began in 2008 had many organizations wondering how they would survive, let alone grow. As organizations began to adapt, Jonathan Hornby was concerned many would do the wrong things. He brought together ten respected thought leaders to discuss options via a series of Webcasts. Each person's ideas built on the previous to deliver a comprehensive strategy that could help any organization succeed, regardless of the state of the economy.Not content with four hours of video, Jonathan interviewed each speaker to extract more expert knowledge and advice. That knowledge is contained within Radical Action for Radical Times: Expert Advice for Creating Business Opportunity in Good or Bad Economic Times. Hear from Carl Schramm, Joel Barker, Peter Turney, Tor Dahl, Gabor George Burt, Geoffrey Moore, Kevin Freiberg, Mark Thompson, Martha Rogers, and Gary Hoover as they share their thoughts on how recessions make us stronger; why we need to explore cascading consequences; what drives cost, profit, and value; how you can improve productivity; how you can innovate fast, at low cost and with low risk; why you should defy conventional wisdom and pursue strategies that are differentiated and reduce cost; how you can manage a conveyor belt of innovative ideas that deliver superior returns; how ordinary people can achieve extraordinary results; how you can keep things simple and delight customers; why customers are every company's scarcest commodity; and how you can become a successful leader.
    Note: Description based on print version record. - Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute
    ISBN: 9781607643791 , 1607643790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (viii, 549 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Mathematical statistics ; Data processing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Bridging the gap between statistics texts and SAS documentation, Elementary Statistics Using SAS is written for those who want to perform analyses to solve problems. The first section of the book explains the basics of SAS data sets and shows how to use SAS for descriptive statistics and graphs. The second section discusses fundamental statistical concepts, including normality and hypothesis testing. The remaining sections of the book show analyses for comparing two groups, comparing multiple groups, fitting regression equations, and exploring contingency tables. For each analysis, author Sandra Schlotzhauer explains assumptions, statistical approach, and SAS methods and syntax, and makes conclusions from the results. Statistical methods covered include two-sample t -tests, paired-difference t -tests, analysis of variance, multiple comparison techniques, regression, regression diagnostics, and chi-square tests. Elementary Statistics Using SAS is a thoroughly revised and updated edition of Ramon Littell and Sandra Schlotzhauer's SAS System for Elementary Statistical Analysis . This book is part of the SAS Press program.
    Note: Description based on print version record. - "This book started as the third edition of the SAS System for Elementary Statistical Analysis, which Dr. Ramon Littell coauthored"--p. [viiii]. - Includes bibliographical references (p. [505]-509) and index
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,
    ISBN: 9781607640448 , 1607640449
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 981 p , ill.
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Electronic data processing personnel ; Certification ; Study guides ; SAS (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The SAS Certification Prep Guide: Advanced Programming for SAS 9, Second Edition , prepares you to take the Advanced Programming for SAS 9 exam. Major topics include SQL processing with SAS, the SAS macro language, advanced SAS programming techniques, and optimizing SAS programs. You will also become familiar with the enhancements and new functionality that are available in SAS 9. Experienced SAS users who want to prepare for this exam will find this guide to be an invaluable, convenient, and comprehensive resource that covers all of the objectives tested on the exam. The text contains quizzes that enable you to test your understanding of material in each chapter. Additionally, solutions to all quizzes are included at the back of the book. Candidates must earn the SAS Certified Base Programmer Credential for SAS 9 before taking the SAS Advanced Programming for SAS 9 exam.
    Note: "SAS documentation.". - Imprint from t.p. verso. - Includes index
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute
    ISBN: 9781590479209 , 1590479203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xii, 317 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Mathematical statistics ; Data processing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Building on the popularity of the first edition, Michele Burlew has revised this popular examples book to include expanded content and new features of SAS software. Completely updated for SAS 9.2, Combining and Modifying SAS Data Sets: Examples, Second Edition, presents examples that show solutions to common programming tasks that involve combining, modifying, and reshaping data sets. Expanded examples demonstrate how to combine data sets vertically and horizontally; retrieve data from lookup tables; modify and update data sets; combine summary and detail data sets; reshape and transpose observations in a data set; and manipulate data in a data set with utilities and functions. The tools used to combine and modify data sets include the SET, MERGE, MODIFY, and UPDATE statements in the DATA step; joins and set operators in PROC SQL; BY-group processing; indexes; hash objects in the DATA step; the use of PROC FORMAT and hash tables as table lookups; and generation data sets. Unique features of this book include the following: Examples are grouped by task, not by code, so you can easily find a solution to a particular task; alternative solutions are presented in addition to the main examples; most examples that combine and modify data sets include both a DATA step and a PROC SQL solution; many examples include a "Closer Look" section that describes in-depth how the example helps you complete the task; and each example stands on its own so you do not need to read the book from beginning to end. Designed for SAS programmers at all levels, this examples book will help simplify the challenging task of combining and modifying data sets.
    Note: Description based on print version record. - Includes index
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9781599946603 , 1599946602
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xx, 610 p.) , ill.
    Edition: [2nd ed.]
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Database management ; Information retrieval ; Statistics ; Computer programs ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Incorporating broad coverage of the best ODS features in one book, Output Delivery System: The Basics and Beyond goes beyond Lauren Haworth's original ODS text to demonstrate the many new and enhanced features of ODS and SAS 9.2. With SAS 9.2, ODS provides a myriad of choices for reporting and displaying analytical results with a greater variety of formatting selections and output destinations. As experienced SAS users, Lauren E. Haworth, Cynthia L. Zender, and Michele M. Burlew know how important it is to be able to produce customized output in different formats to meet the needs of clients.Geared toward all levels of SAS users, Output Delivery System: The Basics and Beyond is an example-driven book that presents each of the wide array of ODS techniques in an easy-to-use, two-page layout, with the text and code on one page and the resulting output on the facing page. The book begins with basic syntax and progresses to more complex techniques and custom styles. You will learn to take basic SAS output and transform it into an HTML page, a word-processor-friendly RTF file, or printer-friendly PDF output. You'll learn how to generate a table of contents page for RTF and PDF files, generate bookmarks for PDF files, and generate custom page numbering for those destinations. You will also learn the basic concepts of changing style templates, using table templates with the DATA step, and using tagset templates to generate custom markup language tags and output. Other new features of ODS are also discussed, such as the ODS Graphics Framework and the new ODS Statistical Graphics procedures.
    Note: Description based on print version record. - Includes index
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    s.l. : University of Adelaide Press
    ISBN: 9780980672367 , 9780980672350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (598 p.))
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australia's economy in its international context ; Vol. 2: 1956 - 2009
    Keywords: International economic relations ; Economic history ; Australia / Commercial policy ; Australia / Economic conditions / 20th century ; Australia / Economic policy / 20th century ; Australia / Foreign economic relations
    Abstract: This two-volume collection brings together the first 53 Joseph Fisher Lectures in economics and commerce, presented at the Adelaide University every other year since 1904. Funds for the Lectures, together with a medal for the top accounting student each year, were kindly provided by a £1,000 endowment to the University by the prominent Adelaide businessman Joseph Fisher in 1903.The Lectures address a wide range of Australian economic issues, in addition to some international economic issues of national significance. They have stood the test of time extremely well, while also providing a reminder of the events and concerns that were prominent at different times during the past century
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adelaide : University of Adelaide Press
    ISBN: 9780980672343 , 9780980672374 , 0980672376 , 9780980672350 , 098067235X , 9780980672367 , 9780980672343
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 volumes)
    Edition: Rev. ed
    Parallel Title: Print version Australia's economy in its international context
    Keywords: International economic relations ; International economic relations ; Commercial policy ; Economic history ; Economic policy ; Australia ; International economic relations ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; International ; Economics ; Australia Foreign economic relations ; Australia Commercial policy ; Australia Economic policy 20th century ; Australia Economic conditions 20th century ; Australia ; Australia ; Australia ; Australia ; Electronic books
    Abstract: "This two-volume collection brings together the first 53 Joseph Fisher Lectures in economics and commerce, presented at the Adelaide University every other year since 1904. Funds for the Lectures, together with a medal for the top accounting student each year, were kindly provided by a £1,000 endowment to the University by the prominent Adelaide businessman Joseph Fisher in 1903. The Lectures address a wide range of Australian economic issues, in addition to some international economic issues of national significance. They have stood the test of time extremely well, while also providing a reminder of the events and concerns that were prominent at different times during the past century"--Publisher's description
    Abstract: "This two-volume collection brings together the first 53 Joseph Fisher Lectures in economics and commerce, presented at the Adelaide University every other year since 1904. Funds for the Lectures, together with a medal for the top accounting student each year, were kindly provided by a £1,000 endowment to the University by the prominent Adelaide businessman Joseph Fisher in 1903. The Lectures address a wide range of Australian economic issues, in addition to some international economic issues of national significance. They have stood the test of time extremely well, while also providing a reminder of the events and concerns that were prominent at different times during the past century"--Publisher's description
    Note: "This two-volume collection brings together the first 48 Joseph Fisher lectures in economics and commerce, presented at the Adelaide University every other year since 1904"--Preface , Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF title pages , Volume 1 ; 1904 -1954 -- ; List of lectures in volume 2 (1956-2009) -- ; Contributors to opening chapters -- ; The benefactor Joseph Fisher -- ; Extract from Joseph Fisher -- A Pioneer Colonist , Volume 2 ; 1956 -- 2012 -- ; The benefactor Joseph Fisher -- ; Extract from Joseph Fisher -- A Pioneer Colonist , The lectures , The lecturers , 1904 -- Commercial education , 1906 -- Commercial character , 1908 -- The influence of commerce on civilization , 1910 -- Banking as a factor in the development of trade and commerce , 1912 -- Australian company law, and some sidelights on modern commerce , 1914 -- Problems of transportation, and their relation to Australian trade and commerce , 1917 -- War finance: Loans, paper money and taxation , 1919 -- The humanizing of commerce and industry , 1921 -- Currency and prices in Australia , 1923 -- Money, credit and exchange , 1925 -- The Guilds , 1927 -- The financial and economic position of Australia , 1929 -- Public finance in relation to commerce , 1930 -- Current problems in international finance , 1932 -- Australia's share in international recovery , 1934 -- Gold standard or goods standard , 1936 -- Some economic effects of the Australian tariff , 1938 -- Australian economic progress against a world background , 1940 -- Economic coordination , 1942 -- The Australian economy during War , 1942 -- Problems of a high employment economy , 1946 -- Necessary principles for satisfactory agricultural development in Australia , 1948 -- The importance of the iron and steel industry , 1950 -- The economic consequences of scientific research , 1952 -- Australian agricultural policy , 1954 -- The economics of Federal-State finance , The Lectures , The lecturers , 1956 -- Japan and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , 1958 -- National superannuation: Means test or contributions? , 1960 -- Mass entertainment: The origins of a modern industry , 1962 -- Industrial research and economic growth in Australia , 1964 -- Australian foreign aid policy , 1967 -- Australian tariff policy , 1969 -- Balancing external payments , 1971 -- Income inflation in Australia , 1974 -- Political economy and the problems of our times: In defence of general economics , 1976 -- Comparing the Industries Assistance Commission and Jackson Committee approaches to industrial development , 1978 -- Australian economics, 1967 to 1977 , 1981 -- Work and welfare in the years ahead , 1985 -- Japan faces affluence , 1986 -- What do we really know about monetary policy? , 1988 -- Pacific challenges to the United States , 1993 -- How convincing is the evidence linking education and income? , 1994 -- The role of the NAFTA debate in US trade policy , 1995 -- Protection and liberalization in Australia and abroad , 1996 -- Population, food and trade , 1997 -- Strengthening intellectual property rights in Asia: Implications for Australia , 1999 -- Human behaviour and the transmission of infectious disease: An economist's perspective , 2001- Public policy and higher education , 2002 -- The role of natural resources in economic development , 2003 -- Globalization , 2006 -- Paying for the past: Economics, cultural heritage, and public policy , 2008 -- Globalization and the Great Divergence in the long run , 2009 -- Globalization and the environment , 2010 -- Exploring the mysteries of trends and bubbles , 2011 -- Can Asia grow fast on its own? The economics of the dynamic middle , 2012 -- Multinational corporations and development: Changing perceptions
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Adelaide Press
    ISBN: 9780980672350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (598 p.)
    Keywords: Economic history
    Abstract: This two-volume collection brings together the first 53 Joseph Fisher Lectures in economics and commerce, presented at the Adelaide University every other year since 1904. Funds for the Lectures, together with a medal for the top accounting student each year, were kindly provided by a £1,000 endowment to the University by the prominent Adelaide businessman Joseph Fisher in 1903. The Lectures address a wide range of Australian economic issues, in addition to some international economic issues of national significance. They have stood the test of time extremely well, while also providing a reminder of the events and concerns that were prominent at different times during the past century
    Note: English
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper summarizes a new database that sheds light on the impact of trade-related policy developments over the past half century on distortions to agricultural incentives and thus also to consumer prices for food in 75 countries spanning the per capita income spectrum. Price support policies of advanced economies hurt not only domestic consumers and exporters of other products but also foreign producers and traders of farm products, and they reduce national and global economic welfare. On the other hand, the governments of many developing countries have directly taxed their farmers over the past half-century, both directly (e.g., export taxes) and also indirectly via overvaluing their currency and restricting imports of manufactures. Thus the price incentives facing farmers in many developing countries have been depressed by both own-country and other countries' agricultural price and international trade policies. The authors summarize these and realted stylized facts that can be drawn from a new World Bank database that is worthy of the attention of political economy theorists, historians and econometricians. These indicators can be helpful in addressing such questions as the following: where is there still a policy bias against agricultural production? To what extent has there been overshooting in the sense that some developing-country food producers are now being protected from import competition along the lines of the examples of earlier-industrializing Europe and Japan? What are the political economy forces behind the more-successful reformers, and how do they compare with those in less-successful countries where major distortions in agricultural incentives remain? And what explains the pattern of distortions across not only countries but also industries and in the choice of support or tax instruments within the agricultural sector of each country?
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In a recent survey of European economic growth since 1950, Crafts and Toniolo (2008) conclude that incentive structures are a crucial explanator of comparative growth rates of the economies of east and west Europe. Pre-empting that, a 2006 report on trade performance and policies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia included as one of its key recommendations the need to reduce the mean and variance of the tariff equivalents of trade barriers, and in particular to reduce unilaterally the policy regimes' anti-export bias, especially in countries exporting primary products (Broadman 2006). To progress such reform in Europe's transition economies efficiently and effectively, and to see how recent policies line up with those of the European Union (EU), requires better information on the extent of reform during the past two decades and of current policy influences on incentives within and between sectors. Immediately prior to their transition to market economies, policies in the region greatly distorted producer and consumer incentives, especially for agricultural products. Those distortions have been reduced substantially in several countries, but large variations remain across the region and distortions appear to be growing again in some countries. Now is thus an opportune time to examine how policies affecting agriculture are evolving in this region, including as part of the adjustment to EU accession for ten of the transition economies in the region
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This chapter begins with a brief summary of the long history of national distortions to agricultural markets. It then outlines the methodology used to generate annual indicators of the extent of government interventions in markets, details of which are provided in Anderson and appendix A. A description of the economies under study and their economic growth and structural changes over recent decades is then briefly presented as a preface to the main section of the chapter, in which the nominal rates of assistance and consumer tax equivalents (NRA and CTE) estimates are summarized across regions and over the decades since the 1950s. These estimates are discussed in far more detail in the regional chapters that follow. A summary is also provided of an additional set of indicators of agricultural price distortions presented in chapter eleven that are based on the trade restrictiveness index first developed by Anderson and Neary (2005). In chapter twelve the focus shifts from countries to commodities, and all the various distortion indicators are used to provide a sense of how distorted are each of the key farm commodity markets globally. Then chapter thirteen uses the study's NRA and CTE estimates to provide a new set of results from a global economy-wide model that attempts to quantify the impacts on global markets, net farm incomes and welfare of the reforms since the early 1980s and of the policies still in place as of 2004. The chapter concludes by drawing on the lessons learned to speculate on the prospects for further reducing the disarray in world agricultural markets
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new political economy theory and a new globally comprehensive and consistent set of estimates of the changing extent of annual distortions over the past half-century. The distortion estimates involve more than 70 products that cover around 70 percent of the value of agricultural output in each of 75 countries that together account for over 90 percent of the global economy, and they expose the contribution of the various policy instruments (both farm and non-farm) to the net distortion to farmer incentives. Such a widespread coverage of countries, products, years and policy instruments has allowed this collection of studies to test a wide range of hypotheses suggested by the new political economy literature, including the importance of institutions. As a set it sheds much new light on the underlying forces that have affected incentives facing farmers in the course of national and global economic and political development, and hence on how those distortions might change in the future - or be changed by concerted actions to offset political pressures from traditionally powerful vested interests
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The regional books that provided detailed estimates of distortion in developing economies are all country focused. While they include commodity details for their particular country, they are not able to provide an overview for developing countries or high-income countries as a group, or for the world as a whole. This paper seeks to fill this gap. The paper begins by describing the overall project's coverage of 30 major commodities and their importance in regional and global agricultural production and trade. It then summarizes the nominal rates of assistance and consumer tax equivalents for twelve key covered products, together with their gross subsidy/tax equivalents in constant dollars. The paper then examines seven largely non-traded food staples that are nonetheless important food items for poor people in low-income countries. Even though those commodities are only a small share of global production and exports of farm products, they can be crucial to the food security of large segments of developing country societies. The agricultural distortions database lends itself to placing the policies affecting (or ignoring) those products in a broader perspective. The final part of the paper provides another new perspective on the project's database. It seeks to shed light on how relatively distorted are the various commodity markets from the viewpoint of global trade or welfare restrictiveness. This analysis draws on the theory outlined in the previous chapter, but switches the focus from countries to products
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The volume on agricultural price distortions, inequality and poverty begins with a global study that uses the World Bank's linkage model to examine the economic impacts in various countries, regions and the world as a whole of agricultural and trade policies as of 2004. It does so by shocking that model with the removal of all agricultural price-distorting domestic and border policies with, and without, the removal of trade policies affecting all other goods. That pair of shocks is also employed in another global study in that volume to examine the inequality and poverty implications of those price-distorting policies for more than 100 countries. Then for ten national studies reported in that volume, the Linkage model again is used, but only to provide an exogenous set of shocks to the national economy wide model employed by the authors of each developing country case study. The effects of that shock on a national economy are then compared with the effects of own-country liberalization using the same national model and the same agricultural protection rates for that country as in the global Linkage model. In this appendix the authors describe the main assumptions adopted to generate the border price and export demand shocks from agricultural and trade policy reforms by the rest of the world, and how that is communicated to the national models
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The global database developed as an integral part of the World Bank's research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, which is publicly available, provides around 30,000 estimates of nominal rates assistance to agricultural industries (NRAs) and associated consumer tax equivalents for 75 countries that together account for between 90 and 95 percent of the world's population, farmers, agricultural output and total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). They also account for more than 85 percent of farm production and employment in each of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia as well as all Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. More than 70 products are included (an average of 11 per country), which represents around 70 percent of the gross value of agricultural production in each of the focus countries, and just under two-thirds of global farm production valued at undistorted prices over the period covered. Not all countries had data for all of the entire 1955-2007 period, but the average number of years covered is 41 per country. This paper provides details of the coverage of the database. It also summarizes the distributions of the NRAs by showing two sets of Box plots for 1955-84 and 1985-2007, one set for various regions of the world, the other for all the covered products for each focus country
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and poverty elasticity's approach. It addresses two questions: to what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of production, thereby potentially contributing to inequality and poverty within developing countries (given that farm incomes are well below non-farm incomes in most developing countries and that agriculture there is intensive in the use of unskilled labor)? Results are presented for the key countries and regions of the world and for the world as a whole. They reveal that, by moving to free markets, income inequality between countries will be reduced at least slightly, all but one-sixth of the gains to developing countries will come from agricultural policy reform, unskilled workers in developing countries the majority of whom work on farms will benefit most from reform, net farm incomes in developing countries will rise by 6 percent compared with 2 percent for non-agricultural value added, and the number of people surviving on less than US
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions affecting agriculture in developing countries, particularly by cuts to agricultural export taxes and by some reductions in government assistance to agriculture in high-income countries, but international trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in nonfarm goods. This paper summarizes a series of empirical studies that focus on the effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade for poverty and inequality, especially in developing countries. To obtain different insights into the various impacts, two global studies are undertaken using the World Bank's Linkage model, one multi-country study uses the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, and ten country case studies are also included, each using a national economy-wide model. The Linkage model results suggest that liberalization will reduce international inequality, largely by boosting farm incomes and raising real wages for unskilled workers in developing countries, and will reduce the number of poor people worldwide by 3 percent. The analysis based on the GTAP model for a sample of 15 countries, and the ten stand-alone national case studies, all point to larger reductions in poverty, especially if only the non-poor are subjected to increased income taxation to compensate for the loss of trade tax revenue
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Despite reforms over the past quarter-century, world agricultural markets remain highly distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of those price distortions such as the nominal rate of assistance and consumer tax equivalent provide measures of the degree of intervention, but they can be misleading as indicators of the true effects of those policies. By drawing on recent theoretical literature that provides indicators of the trade- and welfare-reducing effects of price and trade policies, this paper develops more-satisfactory indexes for capturing distortions to agricultural incentives. It then exploits the agricultural distortion database recently compiled by the World Bank to generate estimates of them for both developing and high-income countries over the past half century, based on a sample of 75 countries that together account for all but one-tenth of the world's population, gross domestic product (GDP) and agricultural production. While they are still only partial equilibrium measures, they provide a much better approximation of the true trade and welfare effects of sectoral policies without needing a formal model of global markets or even price elasticity estimates
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376527 , 0821376640 , 9780821376522 , 9780821376645
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxx, 618 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.1/86
    Keywords: Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Africa ; Africa Economic policy ; Africa Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376624 , 0821376632 , 9780821376621 , 9780821376638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvii, 573 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Trade and development
    DDC: 338.1/85
    Keywords: Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture Taxation ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture Taxation ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9780821376652 , 9780821376669 , 9780821379738
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxv, 644 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.1/8
    Keywords: Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; International trade ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; International trade ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; International trade
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4864
    Parallel Title: Lloyd, P. J How do agricultural policy restrictions to global trade and welfare differ across commodities ?
    Keywords: Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state
    Abstract: "For decades the world's agricultural markets have been highly distorted by national government policies, but very differently for different commodities. Hence a weighted average across countries of nominal rates of assistance or consumer tax equivalents for a product can be misleading as an indicator of the trade or welfare effects of policies affecting that product's global market. This is especially the case when some countries tax and others subsidize its production or consumption. This article develops a new set of more-satisfactory indicators for that purpose, drawing on the recent literature on trade restrictiveness indexes. It then exploits a global agricultural distortions database recently compiled by the World Bank to generate the first set of estimates of those two indicators for each of 28 key agricultural commodities from 1960 to 2004, based on a sample of 75 countries that together account for more than three-quarters of the world's production of those agricultural commodities. These reveal the considerable extent of reforms in agricultural policies of developing as well as high-income countries over the past two decades. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4865
    Parallel Title: Lloyd, P. J Global distortions to agricultural markets
    Keywords: Agricultural prices ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural prices ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state
    Abstract: "Despite recent reforms, world agricultural markets remain highly distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of those price distortions can be poor guides to the policies' economic effects. Recent theoretical literature provides indicators of trade and welfare-reducing effects of price and trade policies which this paper builds on to develop more-satisfactory indexes. The authors exploit a new Agricultural Distortion database to generate estimates of them for developing and high-income countries over the past half century. These better approximations of the trade and welfare effects of sector policies are generated without a formal model of global markets or even price elasticity estimates. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9781599944883 , 159994488X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xii, 474 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: JMP (Computer file) ; Statistics ; Graphic methods ; Mathematical statistics ; Graphic methods ; Mathematical statistics ; Data processing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Based on real-world applications, Analyzing and Interpreting Continuous Data Using JMP: A Step-by-Step Guide, by Jose Ramirez, Ph.D., and Brenda S. Ramirez, M.S., combines statistical instructions with a powerful and popular software platform to solve common problems in engineering and science. In the many case studies provided, the authors clearly set up the problem, explain how the data were collected, show the analysis using JMP, interpret the output in a user-friendly way, and then draw conclusions and make recommendations. This step-by-step format enables users new to statistics or JMP to learn as they go, but the book will also be helpful to those with some familiarity with statistics and JMP. The book includes a foreword written by Professor Douglas C. Montgomery.
    Note: Description based on print version record. - Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9780980623871
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Economic growth ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In the mid-1990s a joint research project was established between CASER (Bogor), CIES (Adelaide), CSIS ( Jakarta) and RSPAS (at ANU, Canberra) to examine interactions between agriculture, trade and the environment in Indonesia. Funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR Project No. 9449), the specific objective of the project was to assess the production, consumption, trade, income distributional, regional, environmental, and welfare eff ects in Indonesia of structural and policy changes at home and abroad. Particular attention was to be paid to those structural and policy changes that could aff ect Indonesia’s agricultural sector over the next 5-10 years. The implications of national and global economic growth, of regional and multilateral trade liberalisation initiatives, and of Indonesia’s ongoing unilateral policy reforms were the initial focus of the study. However, with the onslaught of the financial crisis that began in the latter part of 1997, the project leaders added that issue to the research agenda
    Note: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9781922064431 , 1922064432 , 9781922064424 , 1922064424
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (714 pages))
    Uniform Title: Directory of open access books
    Keywords: Economic history and conditions ; Economic history and conditions ; Economics ; Economic history ; Economics, finance, business and management ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This two-volume collection brings together the first 53 Joseph Fisher Lectures in economics and commerce, presented at the Adelaide University every other year since 1904. Funds for the Lectures, together with a medal for the top accounting student each year, were kindly provided by a £1,000 endowment to the University by the prominent Adelaide businessman Joseph Fisher in 1903. The Lectures address a wide range of Australian economic issues, in addition to some international economic issues of national significance. They have stood the test of time extremely well, while also providing a reminder of the events and concerns that were prominent at different times during the past century
    Note: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9781922064424 , 9781922064431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (714 p.))
    Keywords: Economic history
    Abstract: This two-volume collection brings together the first 53 Joseph Fisher Lectures in economics and commerce, presented at the Adelaide University every other year since 1904. Funds for the Lectures, together with a medal for the top accounting student each year, were kindly provided by a £1,000 endowment to the University by the prominent Adelaide businessman Joseph Fisher in 1903.The Lectures address a wide range of Australian economic issues, in addition to some international economic issues of national significance. They have stood the test of time extremely well, while also providing a reminder of the events and concerns that were prominent at different times during the past century
    Note: English
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Adelaide Press
    ISBN: 9780980623857
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Economic history
    Abstract: The Economics discipline at the University of Adelaide has a distinguished 100 year history of which the University and the State of South Australia can be proud. Very few other departments, of any discipline in Australian universities, could claim to have a majority of its lecturer appointments rising to full Professor status over a period as long as 1901 to 1995. Nor would many other university departments be able to say they have had five of their graduates win Rhodes Scholarships in the past 12 years
    Note: English
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Adelaide Press
    ISBN: 9780980623826
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Economic growth
    Abstract: The countries of the South Pacific have struggled to generate sustainable economic growth since their independence. Interventionist policies have failed in the past here, as they have in all other regions. Business and government leaders in this region are now beginning to acknowledge - as has happened in many other developing country regions over the past two decades - that major reforms are needed to put their economies onto a higher growth path. This study examines the growth record of key Pacific island economies and indentifies the reasons for their relatively poor performance. It then looks at the process of globalization that is affecting those and indeed all economies increasingly; and the role the WTO has played in that process
    Note: English
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute Inc. | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,
    ISBN: 9781599946597 , 1599946599
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 248 p , ill. , 23 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Series Statement: SAS Press series
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Electronic data processing ; Data preparation ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Thoroughly updated for SAS 9, Cody's Data Cleaning Techniques Using SAS, Second Edition, addresses tasks that nearly every SAS programmer needs to do - that is, make sure that data errors are located and corrected. Written in Ron Cody's signature informal, tutorial style, this book develops and demonstrates data cleaning programs and macros that you can use as written or modify for your own special data cleaning needs. Each topic is developed through specific examples, and every program and macro is explained in detail.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,
    ISBN: 9781599946573 , 1599946572
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 310 p , ill. , 23 cm
    Keywords: English language ; Technical English ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Technical writing ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic data processing documentation ; Authorship ; Data processing ; Authorship ; Style manuals ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The Global English Style Guide illustrates how much you can do to make written texts more suitable for a global audience. Accompanied by an abundance of clearly explained examples, the Global English guidelines show you how to write documentation that is optimized for non-native speakers of English, translators, and even machine-translation software, as well as for native speakers of English. You'll find dozens of guidelines that you won't find in any other source, along with thorough explanations of why each guideline is useful. Author John Kohl also includes revision strategies, as well as caveats that will help you avoid applying guidelines incorrectly. Focusing primarily on sentence-level stylistic issues, problematic grammatical constructions, and terminology issues, this book addresses the following topics: ways to simplify your writing style and make it consistent; ambiguities that most writers and editors are not aware of, and how to eliminate those ambiguities; how to make your sentence structure more explicit so that your sentences are easier for native and non-native speakers to read and understand; punctuation and capitalization guidelines that improve readability and make translation more efficient; and how language technologies such as controlled-authoring software can facilitate the adoption of Global English as a corporate standard. This text is intended for anyone who uses written English to communicate technical information to a global audience. Technical writers, technical editors, science writers, and training instructors are just a few of the professions for which this book is essential reading. Even if producing technical information is not your primary job function, the Global English guidelines can help you communicate more effectively with colleagues around the world. This book is part of the SAS Press program.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [283]-293) and index
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute
    ISBN: 9781599947259 , 1599947250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xv, 358 p.) , ill.
    Edition: 4th ed.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Mathematical statistics ; Data processing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Introduces the most commonly used features of the SAS programming language, including the DATA and PROC steps, inputting data, modifying and combining data sets, summarizing data, producing reports, and debugging SAS programs. New topics in the 4th ed. include ODS graphics for statistical procedures; SGPLOT procedure for graphics; creating new variables in PROC REPORT with a COMPUTE block; WHERE=data set option; SORTSEQ=LINGUISTIC option in PROC SORT; more functions, including ANYALPHA, CAT, PROPCASE, AND YRDIF"--P. 4 of cover.
    Note: Description based on print version record. - Includes index
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This chapter begins with a brief summary of economic growth and structural changes in the region since the 1950s and of agricultural and other economic policy developments as they affected the farm sector at the time of and in various stages after independence from colonial powers. The chapter then summarizes estimates of the nominal rate of assistance (NRA) and the relative rate of assistance (RRA) to farmers delivered by national farm and nonfarm policies over the past several decades, as well as the impact of these policies on the consumer prices of farm products, using the project's methodology (Anderson et al. 2008). The final sections point to what the author have learned and draw out implications of the findings, including for poverty and inequality and for possible future directions of policies affecting agricultural incentives in Africa
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper outlines the methodological issues associated with the task of measuring that actual delivered direct protection or taxation to individual agricultural industries, as well as the direct protection or anti-protection to non-agricultural sectors. It begins with a guide to what elements in principle could be measured. There are two key purposes of the distortion estimates being generated by this project are: 1) to provide a long annual time series of indicators showing the extent to which price incentives faced by farmers and food consumers have been distorted directly and indirectly by own-government policies in all major developing, transition and high-income countries, and hence for the world as a whole; and 2) to attribute the price distortion estimates for each farm product to specific border or domestic policy measures, so they can serve as inputs into various types of partial and general equilibrium economic models for estimating the effects of those various policies on such things as national and international agricultural markets, farm value added, income inequality, poverty, and national, regional and global welfare
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This study on Latin America is based on a sample of eight countries, comprising the big four economies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico; Colombia and Ecuador, two of the poorest South American tropical countries; the Dominican Republic, the largest Caribbean economy; and Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America. Together, in 2000-04, these countries accounted for 78 percent of the region's population, 80 percent of the region's agricultural value added, and 84 percent of the total gross domestic product (GDP) of Latin America. The key characteristics of these economies-which account for only 4.5 percent of worldwide Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but 7.7 percent of agricultural value added and more than 10 percent of agricultural and food exports. The table reveals the considerable diversity within the region in terms of stages of development, relative resource endowments, comparative advantages and, hence, trade specialization, and the incidence of poverty and income inequality. This means that these countries represent a rich sample for comparative study. Nicaragua's per capita income is only one-seventh the global average, while the incomes of Colombia and Ecuador are one-third of this average. By contrast, the per capita incomes of Argentina and Chile average just one-eighth below and that of Mexico is one eighth above the global average. Only Argentina, Brazil, and Nicaragua are well above the global average in endowments of agricultural land per capita; the Dominican Republic and Ecuador are well below this average; and Chile, Colombia, and Mexico are a little less than one-third above the average
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This chapter begins with a brief summary of economic growth and structural changes in the region since the 1950s and of agricultural and other economic policies as they affected agriculture before and after the various reforms, and in several cases fundamental regime changes, of the past half-century. It then summarizes new estimates of the nominal rate of assistance (NRA) and the relative rate of assistance (RRA) to farmers delivered by national farm and nonfarm policies over the past several decades (depending on data availability), and of those policies' impacts on consumer prices of farm products. Both farmer assistance and consumer taxation is negative in periods where there is an anti-agricultural, pro-urban consumer bias in a country's policy regime. The final sections summarize what the author have learned and draw out implications of the findings, including for poverty and inequality and for possible future directions of policies affecting agricultural incentives in this part of Asia
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In 1990, Australia and New Zealand were ranked around 25th and 37th in terms of Gross National Product (GNP) per capita, having been the highest-income countries in the world one hundred years earlier. Those countries relatively poor economic growth performance over that long period contrasts markedly with that of the past 15 years, when these two economies out-performed most other high-income countries. This difference in growth performance is due to major economic policy reforms during the past two to three decades, both at and behind the border. The report provide new evidence on the extent of governmental distortions to agricultural incentives in particular in the Australian and New Zealand economies since the late 1940s, both directly due to agricultural policies per se and indirectly (and negatively) through protection to manufacturing
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Earnings from farming in many developing countries have been depressed by a pro-urban bias in own-country policies as well as by governments of richer countries favoring their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies, which reduce national and global economic welfare and contribute to global inequality and poverty, have been undergoing reform since the 1980s. Using the linkage model of the global economy and modifications to the pre-release of version 7 of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) protection database for 2004, this paper seeks to compare the effect of those reforms to date with those that would come from removing remaining agricultural and trade policies. Two sets of results are thus presented: one showing the effects of policy reforms between 1980-84 and 2004, the other showing what the removal of remaining distortions as of 2004 could be. Both sets of results indicate improvements in the real value of agricultural output and exports, the real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes in most developing country regions despite the adverse effect on the international terms of trade for some developing countries that are net food importers or are enjoying preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries. Landowners in those high-income countries still offering their farmers price supports could readily afford to compensate them from the benefits of removing remaining agricultural protectionism
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This working paper summarizes annual estimates of covered product Nominal Rate of Assistance (NRAs), for each of the focus economies of Europe's transition economies, their key distortion indicators defined in Anderson et al. (2008), and provides some summary statistics for the region's estimates. Four tables are provided for each country: (a) the NRA to individual farm products covered in the study and their weighted average, using as weights production valued at undistorted prices; (b) the RRA to producers of agricultural tradable, again using as weights production valued at undistorted prices, and the component parts of the RRA calculation; (c) the weights themselves for individual covered farm products and for the residual non-covered group of products, shown as percentages and so they sum to 100 percent; and (d) the trade status of each covered product each year. The NRA in the case of a product having just its output price distorted by government policies is the percentage by which the domestic producer price exceeds the price that would prevail under free markets, that is, the border price appropriately adjusted to account for differences in product quality, transport costs, processing costs, etc. A negative value indicates the domestic price is below that comparable border price
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This working paper summarizes the annual estimates, for each of the world's main high-income countries, of key distortion indicators defined in Anderson et al. (2008), and provides some summary statistics for the group's estimates. It begins with tables for the countries of Western Europe, followed by Japan, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Shorter versions for subsets of countries are reproduced also as Appendixes in Anderson, Lattimore, Lloyd and MacLaren (2008), Gardner (2008), Honma and Hayami (2008), and Josling (2008). Four tables are provided for each country: (a) the nominal rate of assistance to individual farm products covered in the study and their weighted average, using as weights production valued at undistorted prices; (b) the relative rate of assistance to producers of agricultural (relative to non-agricultural) tradable, again using as weights production valued at undistorted prices, and the component parts of the Relative Rate of Assistance (RRA) calculation; (c) the weights themselves for individual covered farm products and for the residual non-covered group of products, shown as percentages and so they sum to 100 percent; and (d) the trade status of each covered product each year. In the case of the European Union (EU) countries of Western Europe, the trade status is assumed to be that of the EU membership in any given year, since the Nominal Rate of Assistance (NRA) for each product is assumed to be the same for each EU member (with the membership growing progressively from initially 6 to 9 (from 1973), 12 (from 1986), and 15 (from 1995). The average NRAs for all covered products differ across EU member countries though, because of their different weights for each product in their national value of agricultural production
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  • 43
    ISBN: 0821374192 , 0821374206 , 9780821374191 , 9780821374207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 379 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Trade and development
    DDC: 338.1/847
    Keywords: European Union ; European Union ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agriculture and state ; European Union ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agriculture and state
    Description / Table of Contents: New EU member countries/ Pavel Ciaian and Johan Swinnen -- Turkey/ Alison Burrell and Marianne Kurzweil -- The Russian Federation/ William M. Liefert and Olga Liefert -- Ukraine/ Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel ... [et al.] -- Kazakhstan/ Richard Pomfret -- The Kyrgyz Republic/ Garry Christensen and Richard Pomfret -- Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan/ Richard Pomfret.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Distortions To Agricultural Incentives In Australia Since World War II
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; GdP ; GdP Per Capita ; Growth Rate ; Income ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Per Capita Income ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Social Protections and Labor ; Total Factor Productivity ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Agriculture ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; GdP ; GdP Per Capita ; Growth Rate ; Income ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Per Capita Income ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Social Protections and Labor ; Total Factor Productivity ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Agriculture ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; GdP ; GdP Per Capita ; Growth Rate ; Income ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Per Capita Income ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Social Protections and Labor ; Total Factor Productivity ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Australia's lackluster economic growth performance in the first four decades following World War II was in part due to an anti-trade, anti-primary sector bias in government assistance policies. This paper provides new annual estimates of the extent of those biases since 1946 and their gradual phase-out during the past two decades. In doing so it reveals that the timing of the sector assistance cuts was such as sometimes to improve but sometimes to worsen the distortions to incentives faced by farmers. The changes increased the variation of assistance rates within agriculture during the 1950s and 1960s, reducing the welfare contribution of those programs in that period. Although the assistance pattern within agriculture appears not to have been strongly biased against exporters, its reform has coincided with a substantial increase in the export orientation of many farm industries. The overall pattern for Australia is contrasted with that revealed by comparable new estimates for other high-income countries
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 082137513X , 9780821375136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 411 p) , ill., map , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.1/88
    Keywords: Agricultural industries ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state ; Agricultural industries ; Agricultural subsidies ; Agriculture and state
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and summary/ Kym Anderson and Alberto Valdés -- Argentina/ Adolfo C. Sturzenegger and Mariana Salazni -- Brazil/ Mauro de Rezende Lopes ... [et al.] -- Chile/ Alberto Valdés and Esteban Jara -- Colombia/ Lia Guterman -- Dominican Republic/ Jesús de los Santos and Pedro Pablo Peña -- Ecuador/ Ernesto Valenzuela, Sara Wong, and Damiano Sandri -- Mexico/ Isidro Soloaga and Gabriel Lara -- Nicaragua/ Matias Berthelon, Diana Kruger, and Diana Saavedra.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (69 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym The Challenge of Reducing International Trade And Migration Barriers
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Air pollution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic benefits ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Government subsidies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade policies ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Agriculture ; Air pollution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic benefits ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Government subsidies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade policies ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization ; Agriculture ; Air pollution ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economic benefits ; Emerging Markets ; Free Trade ; Free Trade ; Government subsidies ; International Economics & Trade ; International Trade ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Trade policies ; Trade policy ; WTO ; World Trade Organization
    Abstract: While barriers to trade in most goods and some services including capital flows have been reduced considerably over the past two decades, many remain. Such policies harm most the economies imposing them, but the worst of the merchandise barriers (in agriculture and textiles) are particularly harmful to the world's poorest people, as are barriers to worker migration across borders. This paper focuses on how costly those anti-poor trade policies are, and examines possible strategies to reduce remaining distortions. Two opportunities in particular are addressed: completing the Doha Development Agenda process at the World Trade Organization (WTO), and freeing up the international movement of workers. A review of the economic benefits and adjustment costs associated with these opportunities provides the foundation to undertake benefit/cost analysis required to rank this set of opportunities against those aimed at addressing the world's other key challenges as part of the Copenhagen Consensus project. The paper concludes with key caveats and suggests that taking up these opportunities could generate huge social benefit/cost ratios that are considerably higher than the direct economic ones quantified in this study, even without factoring in their contribution to alleviating several of the other challenges identified by that project, including malnutrition, disease, poor education and air pollution
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (45 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Measuring Distortions To Agricultural Incentives, Revisited
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Incentives ; Agricultural markets ; Agricultural policy ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export ; Farm ; Farm products ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Import tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Quantitative restrictions ; Agribusiness ; Agricultural Incentives ; Agricultural markets ; Agricultural policy ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export ; Farm ; Farm products ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Import tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Quantitative restrictions ; Agribusiness ; Agricultural Incentives ; Agricultural markets ; Agricultural policy ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; Export ; Farm ; Farm products ; Farmers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Import tariffs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Markets and Market Access ; Private Sector Development ; Quantitative restrictions
    Abstract: Notwithstanding the tariffication component of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, import tariffs on farm products continue to provide an incomplete indication of the extent to which agricultural producer and consumer incentives are distorted in national markets. Especially in developing countries, non-agricultural policies indirectly impact agricultural and food markets. Empirical analysis aimed at monitoring distortions to agricultural incentives thus need to examine both agricultural and non-agricultural policy measures including import or export taxes, subsidies and quantitative restrictions, plus domestic taxes or subsidies on farm outputs or inputs and consumer subsidies for food staples. This paper addresses the practical methodological issues that need to be faced when attempting to undertake such a measurement task in developing countries. The approach is illustrated in two ways: by presenting estimates of nominal and relative rates of assistance to farmers in China for the period 1981 to 2005; and by summarizing estimates from an economy-wide computable general equilibrium model of the effects on agricultural versus non-agricultural markets of the project's measured distortions globally as of 2004
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,
    ISBN: 9781599945408 , 1599945401
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 282 p , ill. , 23 cm
    Series Statement: SAS Press series
    Keywords: Enterprise guide ; SAS (Computer file) ; Mathematical statistics ; Data processing ; Business ; Data processing ; SAS (Computer program language) ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: In this pragmatic, example-driven book, author Neil Constable demonstrates how you can use SAS code to enhance the capabilities of SAS Enterprise Guide. Designed to help you gain extra value from the products you already have, SAS Programming for Enterprise Guide Users contains tips and techniques that show you a variety of features that cannot be accessed directly through the task interfaces. In all cases, techniques are shown with examples that you can try and test, plus additional exercises are included to give you more practice. The end result is more efficient and resilient use of SAS Enterprise Guide in a wider variety of business areas. Included is a discussion of the following subject areas: the Output Delivery System advanced formatting macro variables and macros advanced reporting using PROC REPORT highlighting in reports hyperlinking between reports and graphs data manipulation using SQL data manipulation using the DATA step extended graphics By adding small amounts of code in key areas, SAS Enterprise Guide users can get more out of the product than the tasks reveal. Users should be familiar with the SAS Enterprise Guide user interface and tasks. No programming experience is necessary.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online
    ISBN: 9781599941653 , 1599941651
    Language: English
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; SAS (Computer file) ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; SAS/GRAPH ; SAS/STAT ; SAS (Computer program language) ; Handbooks, manuals, etc ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Learn to program SAS by example! If you like learning by example, then Learning SAS by Example: A Programmer's Guide makes it easy to learn SAS programming. In an instructive and conversational tone, author Ron Cody clearly explains each programming technique and then illustrates it with one or more real-life examples, followed by a detailed description of how the program works. The text is divided into four major sections: Getting Started; DATA Step Processing; Presenting and Summarizing Your Data; and Advanced Topics. Subjects addressed include: Reading data from external sources Learning details of DATA step programming Subsetting and combining SAS data sets Understanding SAS functions and working with arrays Creating reports with PROC REPORT and PROC TABULATE Learning to use the SAS Output Delivery System Getting started with the SAS macro language Introducing PROC SQL You can test your knowledge and hone your skills by solving the problems at the end of each chapter. (Solutions to odd-numbered problems are located at the back of this book. Solutions to all problems are available to instructors by visiting Ron Cody's author page for details.) This book is intended for beginners and intermediate users. Readers should know how to enter and submit a SAS program from their operating system. This book is part of the SAS Press program.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, NC : SAS Pub.
    ISBN: 9781599946344 , 1599946343
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 v.) , ill.
    Series Statement: SAS Press series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Receiver operating characteristic curves ; Computer programs ; SAS (Computer program language) ; Data mining ; Diagnosis ; Data processing ; Medical statistics ; Computer programs ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: As a diagnostic decision-making tool, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves provide a comprehensive and visually attractive way to summarize the accuracy of predictions. They are used extensively in medical diagnosis and increasingly in fields such as data mining, credit scoring, weather forecasting, and psychometry. In Analyzing Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves with SAS, author Mithat Gonen illustrates the many existing SAS procedures that can be tailored to produce ROC curves and expands upon further analyses using other SAS procedures and macros. Both parametric and nonparametric methods for analyzing ROC curves are covered in detail. Topics addressed include: Appropriate methods for binary, ordinal, and continuous measures Computations using PROC FREQ, PROC LOGISTIC, PROC NLMIXED, and macros Comparing the ROC curves of several markers and adjusting them for covariates ROC curves with censored data Using the ROC curve for evaluating multivariable prediction models via bootstrap and cross-validation ROC curves in SAS Enterprise Miner And more! Written for any statistician interested in learning more about ROC curve methodology, the book assumes readers have a basic understanding of regression procedures and moderate familiarity with Base SAS and SAS/STAT. Some familiarity with SAS/GRAPH is helpful but not essential. This book is part of the SAS Press program.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online,
    ISBN: 9781599940472 , 1599940477
    Language: English
    Pages: xxii, 408 p , ill. , 28 cm
    Series Statement: SAS Press series
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Enterprise Miner ; Business ; Data processing ; Electronic data processing ; Commercial analysis ; Data marts ; Data mining ; Time-series analysis ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Written for anyone involved in the data preparation process for analytics, Gerhard Svolba's Data Preparation for Analytics Using SAS offers practical advice in the form of SAS coding tips and tricks, and provides the reader with a conceptual background on data structures and considerations from a business point of view. The tasks addressed include viewing analytic data preparation in the context of its business environment, identifying the specifics of predictive modeling for data mart creation, understanding the concepts and considerations of data preparation for time series analysis, using various SAS procedures and SAS Enterprise Miner for scoring, creating meaningful derived variables for all data mart types, using powerful SAS macros to make changes among the various data mart structures, and more!
    Note: Includes index
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : Palgrave Macmillan/World Bank
    ISBN: 0821362399 , 9788213623995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 420 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 382/.41
    RVK:
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Doha Development Agenda ; Doha Development Agenda ; Agriculture and state ; International trade ; Agriculture and state ; International trade ; World Trade Organization ; Doha Development Agenda ; Agriculture and state ; (2001-) ; International trade
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3900
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym The relative importance of global agricultural subsidies and market access
    Keywords: Agricultural subsidies ; Tariff ; Agricultural subsidies ; Tariff
    Abstract: "The claim by global trade modelers that the potential contribution to global economic welfare of removing agricultural subsidies is less than one-tenth of that from removing agricultural tariffs puzzles many observers. To help explain that result, the authors first compare the OECD and model-based estimates of the extent of the producer distortions (leaving aside consumer distortions), and show that 75 percent of total support is provided by market access barriers when account is taken of all forms of support to farmers and to agricultural processors globally, and only 19 percent to domestic farm subsidies. Then the authors provide a back-of-the-envelope (BOTE) calculation of the welfare cost of those distortions. Assuming unitary supply and demand elasticities, that BOTE analysis suggests 86 percent of the welfare cost is due to tariffs and only 6 percent to domestic farm subsidies. When the higher costs associated with the greater variability of trade measures relative to domestic support are accounted for, the BOTE estimate of the latter's share falls to 4 percent. This is close to the 5 percent generated by the most commonly used global model (GTAP) and reported in the paper's final section. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3917
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Recent and prospective adoption of genetically modified cotton
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Cotton trade ; Transgenic plants ; Cotton trade ; Transgenic plants
    Abstract: "The authors provide estimates of the economic impact of initial adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton and of its potential impacts beyond the few countries where it is currently common. They use the latest version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and model. The results suggest that by following the lead of China and South Africa, adoption of GM cotton varieties by other developing countries-especially in Sub-Saharan Africa-could provide even larger proportionate gains to farmer and national welfare than in those first-adopting countries. Furthermore, the estimated gains are shown to exceed those from a successful campaign under the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda to reduce and remove cotton subsidies and import tariffs globally. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/17/2006 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (35 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Reducing Distortions To Agricultural Incentives
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Import Barriers ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Trade Policy ; Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Import Barriers ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Trade Policy ; Agribusiness ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economics ; Emerging Markets ; Exports ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Free Trade ; Human Capital ; Import Barriers ; Incentives ; Income ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Protectionism ; Public Sector Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Most of the world's poorest people depend on farming for their livelihood. Earnings from farming in low-income countries are depressed partly due to a pro-urban bias in own-country policies, and partly because richer countries (including some developing countries) favor their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies reduce national and global economic growth and add to inequality and poverty in developing countries. Acknowledgement of that since the 1980s has given rise to greater pressures for reform, both internal and external. Over the past two decades numerous developing country governments have reduced their sectoral and trade policy distortions, while many high-income countries continue with protectionist policies that harm developing country exports of farm products. Recent research suggests that the agricultural protectionist policies of high-income countries reduce welfare in many developing countries. Most of those studies also suggest that full global liberalization of merchandise trade would raise value added in agriculture in developing country regions, and that much of the benefit from global reform would come not just from reform in high-income countries but also from liberalization among developing countries, including in many cases own-country reform. These findings raise three key questions that are addressed in this paper: To what extent have the reforms of the past two decades succeeded in reducing distortions to agricultural incentives? Do current policy distortions still discriminate against farmers in low-income countries? And what are the prospects for further reform in the next decade or so?
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3848
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Doha merchandise trade reform
    Keywords: Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences
    Abstract: "This paper provides new estimates of the global gains from multilateral trade reform and their distribution among developing countries in the presence of trade preferences. Particular attention is given to agriculture, as farmers constitute the poorest households in developing countries but are the most assisted in rich countries. The latest GTAP database (Version 6.05) and the LINKAGE model of the global economy are used to examine the impact first of current merchandise trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible reform outcomes from the WTO's Doha Development Agenda. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries, despite a terms of trade loss in parts of that region. Net farm incomes would rise substantially in that and other developing country regions, thereby alleviating rural poverty. A Doha partial liberalization could move the world some way toward those desirable outcomes, but more so the more developing countries themselves cut applied tariffs, particularly on agricultural imports. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3901
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Do global trade distortions still harm developing country farmers ?
    Keywords: Farm income ; Free trade ; Globalization ; Rural poor ; Farm income ; Free trade ; Globalization ; Rural poor
    Abstract: "The authors estimate the impact of global merchandise trade distortions and services regulations on agricultural value added in various countries. Using the latest versions of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and the GTAP-AGR model of the global economy, their results suggest real net farm incomes would rise in developing countries with a move to free trade, thereby alleviating rural poverty. This occurs despite a terms of trade deterioration for developing countries that are net food importers or that enjoy preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries. The authors also show, for several large developing countries, the contribution of their own versus other countries' trade policies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/24/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3918
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym The world trade organization's Doha cotton initiative
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Cotton trade ; Cotton trade
    Abstract: "Four West African nations have demanded that the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda include a Cotton Initiative that involves two issues: cutting cotton subsidies and tariffs, and assisting farm productivity growth in Africa. The authors provide estimates of the potential economic impacts of (1) complete or partial removal of cotton subsidies and import tariffs globally, and (2) cotton productivity growth through the adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties. They use the latest version of the GTAP database and model. Their results confirm that-unlike for other agricultural subsidies and tariffs-for cotton it is subsidy reductions rather than tariff cuts that would make by far the largest impact. For Sub-Saharan Africa the potential gains are huge relative to the effects on that region of reforming other merchandise trade policies. And they could be more than doubled if that reform provided the cash for farmers to take advantage of the biotechnology revolution and adopt GM cotton varieties. But those potential gains, and the affordability of switching to costly GM seed, depend crucially on the extent to which high-income countries are willing to lower domestic support to their cotton farmers. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/17/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Agricultural Trade ; Agricultural Workers ; Agriculture ; GDP ; High-Income Countries ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population
    Abstract: This compilation of data is prepared as a companion to the Bank's research project on distortions to agricultural incentives. Its purpose is to provide comparative basic economic and trade indicators for the countries involved as case studies in that project. The project is global in coverage, and is sub-divided into five groups: Africa, Asia, Europe and Central Asia's Transition Economies, Latin America and the Caribbean, and high-income countries. The present compendium is divided into seven main sections. The first one includes data on high income countries which are compared with three aggregates for developing countries. Sections two through five focuses indeed specifically on one of the four regional groups and compare data for the case study countries with various aggregates of studied and not studied countries. Due to the very limited data availability several countries have not been included in the compendium. Finally, section six and seven include estimates of trade distortions, and sectoral shares of value added and household expenditures for all the studied countries and several regional aggregates
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online
    ISBN: 9781590479223 , 159047922X
    Language: English
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Electronic data processing personnel ; Certification ; Study guides ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Prepare for the SAS Base Programming for SAS®9 certification exam with the official guide by the SAS® Certified Professional Program. New and experienced SAS users who want to prepare for the SAS Base Programming for SAS®9 certification exam will find this guide an invaluable, convenient and comprehensive resource that covers all of the objectives tested on the exam. Major topics include importing and exporting raw data files, creating and modifying SAS data sets, and identifying and correcting data syntax and programming logic errors.You will also become familiar with the enhancements and new functionality that are available in SAS®9. Includes a free CD-ROM with tutorials, practice data, and sample programs to further reinforce and test your SAS skills.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online
    ISBN: 9781590475041 , 1590475046
    Language: English
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Clinical trials ; Statistical methods ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: In Analysis of Clinical Trials Using SAS: A Practical Guide, Alex Dmitrienko, Geert Molenberghs, Christy Chuang-Stein, and Walter Offen bridge the gap between modern statistical methodology and real-world clinical trial applications. Step-by-step instructions illustrated with examples from actual trials and case studies serve to define a statistical method and its relevance in a clinical trials setting and to illustrate how to implement the method rapidly and efficiently using the power of SAS software. Topics reflect the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the pharmaceutical industry and address important statistical problems encountered in clinical trials, including analysis of stratified data, incomplete data, multiple inferences, issues arising in safety and efficacy monitoring, and reference intervals for extreme safety and diagnostic measurements. Clinical statisticians, research scientists, and graduate students in biostatistics will greatly benefit from the decades of clinical research experience compiled in this book. Numerous ready-to-use SAS macros and example code are included. This book is part of the SAS Press program.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3607
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Agricultural trade reform and the Doha development agenda
    RVK:
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Doha Development Agenda ; Doha Development Agenda ; Agricultural subsidies ; Free trade ; Tariff ; Agricultural subsidies ; Free trade ; Tariff
    Abstract: "Anderson and Martin examine the extent to which various regions, and the world as a whole, could gain from multilateral trade reform over the next decade. They use the World Bank's linkage model of the global economy to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the World Trade Organization's Doha round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and in Cairns Group countries) proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries. Real returns to farm land and unskilled labor and real net farm incomes would rise substantially in those developing country regions, thereby alleviating poverty. A Doha partial liberalization could take the world some way toward those desirable outcomes, but more so the more agricultural subsidies are disciplined and applied tariffs are cut. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/13/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3736
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Distortions to world trade
    Keywords: Agriculture Economic aspects ; Farm produce ; International trade ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Farm produce ; International trade
    Abstract: "The authors provide estimates of the impact that removing all merchandise trade distortions (including agricultural subsidies) would have on food and agricultural production, trade, and incomes. Using the latest versions of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and the World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global economy (projected to 2015), their results suggest farm employment, the real value of agricultural output and exports, the real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes would all rise substantially in developing country regions with a move to free merchandise trade, thereby alleviating rural poverty-despite the decline in international terms of trade for developing countries that are net food importers or are enjoying preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/30/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Global Impacts Of Doha Trade Reform Scenarios On Poverty
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Base Year ; Benchmark ; Constant Returns To Scale ; Consumers ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Poverty Reduction ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Real Income ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Trade Reforms ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Uruguay Round ; Utility ; WTO ; Wages ; Welfare ; Agriculture ; Base Year ; Benchmark ; Constant Returns To Scale ; Consumers ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Poverty Reduction ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Real Income ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Trade Reforms ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Uruguay Round ; Utility ; WTO ; Wages ; Welfare ; Agriculture ; Base Year ; Benchmark ; Constant Returns To Scale ; Consumers ; Debt Markets ; Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Elasticity ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Free Trade ; Goods ; Inequality ; International Economics & Trade ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Multilateral Trade ; Poverty Reduction ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Public Sector Development ; Real Income ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Liberalization ; Trade Negotiations ; Trade Policy ; Trade Reforms ; Trade and Regional Integration ; Uruguay Round ; Utility ; WTO ; Wages ; Welfare
    Abstract: The authors illustrate some of the potential consequences of the World Trade Organization's Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations on incomes and poverty globally. Using the global LINKAGE model to generate changes in domestic and international prices that have a direct impact on factor incomes and consumer prices, they estimate the change in real income at the poverty line that would accompany various reform scenarios. When accompanied by additional information about the elasticity of poverty with respect to income, this provides an estimate of the change in poverty by country. Under most liberalization scenarios considered, unskilled wages rise more than average incomes, but the estimated impact on global poverty is modest, especially if developing countries are unwilling to undertake much reform
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3560
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Setting the trade policy agenda
    Keywords: Commercial policy ; Economists ; Government economists ; Commercial policy ; Economists ; Government economists
    Abstract: "Economists have influenced the trade policy agenda for establishing multilateral trade rules, disciplines, and procedures, and for negotiating most-favored nation and preferential reductions in trade barriers and subsidies, in addition to affecting the agenda for unilateral policy reform. These roles are considered in turn, before focusing on the economists' contribution through quantifying the extent and effects of existing trade distortions and alternative reform initiatives. Many trade distortions remain, however, so the author looks at where trade economists' efforts in agenda-setting need to be focused in the years ahead. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/26/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3616
    Parallel Title: Anderson, Kym Would multilateral trade reform benefit Sub-Saharan Africans?
    Keywords: Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions
    Abstract: "This paper examines whether the Sub-Saharan African economies could gain from multilateral trade reform in the presence of trade preferences. The World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global economy is employed to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the WTO's Doha round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa proportionately more than in other developing countries or in high-income countries, despite a terms of trade loss in parts of the region. Farm employment and output, the real value of agricultural and food exports, the real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes would all rise in the region, thereby alleviating poverty. A Doha partial liberalization of both agricultural and nonagricultural trade could significantly benefit the region. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/2/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute | Boston, Mass. :Safari Books Online
    ISBN: 9781590475751 , 1590475755
    Language: English
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Keywords: SAS (Computer file) ; Report writing ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Jump-start your report-writing skills! Report writing has never been easier. Learn how you can easily avoid common report-writing pitfalls with SAS Guide to Report Writing: Examples, Second Edition. Updated for SAS®9, this task-oriented book guides you through the steps that you need to produce professional reports. Using a wealth of easy-to-follow examples, this time-saving book demonstrates the many different styles of reports that are available and the SAS tools used to generate them. The examples enable more experienced programmers to quickly grasp new techniques, while margin notes and additional discussions provide novice users with the details that they need for effective learning. You can save programming hours by using the SAS programs as they are or as models for developing your own reports. Whether you are a beginner or an expert, this must-have guide will strengthen your report-writing expertise and give you the tools that you need to enhance the power of your reports!
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adelaide : Barr Smith Press
    ISBN: 9780980623857 , 0980623855 , 9780980623864
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 volume (xiii, 244 pages)))
    Series Statement: Reprints collection. Economics
    Series Statement: Knowledge Unlatched
    Series Statement: Open Access e-Books
    Parallel Title: Print versionAnderson, Kym Building of economics at Adelaide, 1901-2001
    DDC: 330.07119423
    Keywords: University of Adelaide History ; University of Adelaide ; Economics ; Economics Study and teaching (Higher) ; History ; Economics Study and teaching (Higher) ; Economists Biography ; Biography ; Economics ; Study and teaching (Higher) ; History ; University of Adelaide ; Economists ; South Australia ; South Australia ; Adelaide ; Biographies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The Economics discipline at the University of Adelaide has a distinguished 100 year history of which the University and the State of South Australia can be proud
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF title page
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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