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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Ethnic Fractionalization on Labor Productivity : Does Firm Size Matter? (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amin, Mohammad The Impact of Ethnic Fractionalization on Labor Productivity: Does Firm Size Matter?
    Keywords: Ethnic Fractionalization ; Firm Size and Labor Productivity ; Growth ; Labor Productivity ; Large Firm Workers ; Manufacturing Productivity ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Ethnic fractionalization has both positive and negative consequences. It is contended that the positive effects due to skill complementarity in the production process apply to large firms that have more complex and diversified production structures. Because small businesses rely more on public goods and have less access to institutions, the negative effects of lower quality public goods and higher transaction costs have a greater impact on them. Consistent with this viewpoint, it is found that a larger firm size significantly mitigates the negative impact of higher ethnic fractionalization on the level and growth rate of labor productivity in manufacturing firms across 84 developing countries. There is no robust and significant impact of ethnic fractionalization on large firms for the main and most of the other firm size categorizations considered. The results are confirmed by the instrumental variables estimation method, which uses the duration of early human settlement in each country to instrument ethnic fractionalization. Evidence is provided on the potential mechanisms by which ethnic fractionalization affects small versus large firms. The findings have significant policy implications, which are discussed in detail
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10375
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Competition And Demographics (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Competition And Demographics
    Keywords: Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Labor market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market competition ; Markets and Market Access ; Price setting ; Private Sector Development ; Product markets ; Retail ; Retail stores ; Retailing ; Social Protections and Labor ; Spread ; Suppliers ; Tying ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Labor market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market competition ; Markets and Market Access ; Price setting ; Private Sector Development ; Product markets ; Retail ; Retail stores ; Retailing ; Social Protections and Labor ; Spread ; Suppliers ; Tying ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Labor market ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market competition ; Markets and Market Access ; Price setting ; Private Sector Development ; Product markets ; Retail ; Retail stores ; Retailing ; Social Protections and Labor ; Spread ; Suppliers ; Tying
    Abstract: Mainstream economics views demographic changes in the structure of households as of little relevance for the behavior of firms or the functioning of markets. The present paper dispels this view by arguing that changes in the number of non-workers could affect the intensity with which consumers search for best prices and therefore the level of competition. The author also analyzes the relationship between income and competition, which some studies suggest is negative. The author argues that the negative relationship is most likely due to the demographic factors discussed
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are labor regulations driving computer usage in India's retail stores ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (9 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Are labor regulations driving computer usage in India's retail stores ?
    Keywords: Downward bias ; Employment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Regulations ; Labor Relations ; Labor force ; Labor force participation ; Labor regulation ; Labor supply ; Regulatory Regimes ; Social Protections and Labor ; Total employment ; Workers ; Downward bias ; Employment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Regulations ; Labor Relations ; Labor force ; Labor force participation ; Labor regulation ; Labor supply ; Regulatory Regimes ; Social Protections and Labor ; Total employment ; Workers ; Downward bias ; Employment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Regulations ; Labor Relations ; Labor force ; Labor force participation ; Labor regulation ; Labor supply ; Regulatory Regimes ; Social Protections and Labor ; Total employment ; Workers
    Abstract: A recent survey of 1,948 retail stores in India conducted by the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys shows that 19 percent of the stores use computers for their business. In some states like Kerala, computer use is as high as 40 percent. Using this data the author finds labor regulation as an important determinant of computer use. His estimates suggest that when faced with burdensome labor regulations, the probability of using a computer rises by over 36 percentage points for an average store. These findings formally confirm a commonly held but untested view that labor regulation may be responsible for the spread of labor saving modern technology
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Labor Regulation And Employment In India's Retail Stores (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Labor Regulation And Employment In India's Retail Stores
    Keywords: Banks and Banking Reform ; Employment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Regulation ; Labor force ; Labor force participation ; Labor laws ; Labor regulations ; Private Sector ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment ; Worker ; Workers ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Employment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Regulation ; Labor force ; Labor force participation ; Labor laws ; Labor regulations ; Private Sector ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment ; Worker ; Workers ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Employment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Regulation ; Labor force ; Labor force participation ; Labor laws ; Labor regulations ; Private Sector ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment ; Worker ; Workers
    Abstract: A new dataset of 1,948 retail stores in India compiled by the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys shows that 27 percent of the stores report labor regulations as a problem for their business. Using these data we analyze the effect of labor regulation on employment at the store level. We find that stricter labor regulation has a strong negative effect on employment. Our estimates show that labor reforms are likely to increase employment by 22 percent of the current level for an average store
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Institutions Matter More For Services ? (2006)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (43 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Do Institutions Matter More For Services ?
    Keywords: Accountability ; Bank ; Bribe ; Children and Youth ; Civil Law ; Corruption ; Corruption and Anticorruption Law ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Governance ; Government ; Judicial Independence ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Laws ; Legal Framework ; Legal Frameworks ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Medium ; Police ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accountability ; Bank ; Bribe ; Children and Youth ; Civil Law ; Corruption ; Corruption and Anticorruption Law ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Governance ; Government ; Judicial Independence ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Laws ; Legal Framework ; Legal Frameworks ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Medium ; Police ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accountability ; Bank ; Bribe ; Children and Youth ; Civil Law ; Corruption ; Corruption and Anticorruption Law ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Governance ; Government ; Judicial Independence ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Laws ; Legal Framework ; Legal Frameworks ; Legal Products ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Medium ; Police ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Recent empirical research has focused on the role of institutions in overall economic performance. This paper examines the impact of institutions on the relative performance of the service sector. Through cross-country level and growth regressions it establishes the following stylized fact: countries with better institutions have relatively larger and more dynamic service sectors. It suggests that regulatory and contract enforcing institutions play a key role in the development of service sectors because these sectors enter into a more complex web of transactions with the rest of the economy and are more prone to market failure due to asymmetric information
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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