Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Concepts and rules of the game1.1 Matter and influences -- 1.2 Flow rate -- 1.3 Law of continuity (conservation of mass) -- 1.4 Law of conservation of momentum -- 1.5 Law of conservation of energy -- 1.6 Energy losses during fluid flow -- 1.7 Newton’s laws of motion -- 1.8 Fluid viscosity -- 1.9 Boundary layers -- 1.10 Flow separation -- 1.11 Applying the concepts and rules -- Readings -- 2 Pressed down and running over -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Particle composition and density -- 2.3 How big is a particle? -- 2.4 What form has a particle? -- 2.5 How close is a packing? -- 2.6 Kinds of packing -- 2.7 Voids -- 2.8 Controls on packing -- 2.9 How steep is a heap? -- 2.10 Building houses on sand -- Readings -- 3 Sink or swim? -- 3.1 Two introductory experiments -- 3.2 Settling of spherical particles arrayed in a stagnant fluid -- 3.3 Settling and fluidization -- 3.4 Flow in porous media -- 3.5 Controls on permeability -- 3.6 Settling of a solitary spherical particle in a stagnant fluid -- 3.7 Settling of a solitary non-spherical particle in a stagnant fluid -- Readings -- 4 Sliding, rolling, leaping and making sand waves -- 4.1 Some field observations -- 4.2 Setting particles in motion -- 4.3 Defining the rate of sediment transport -- 4.4 Physical implications of sediment transport -- 4.5 Sediment transport modes -- 4.6 Appearance and internal structure of bedforms -- 4.7 How do bedforms move? -- 4.8 Bedforms and flow conditions -- 4.9 Making wavy beds -- 4.10 A wave theory of bedforms -- Readings -- 5 Winding down to the sea -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Drag force and mean velocity of a river -- 5.3 Energy and power of channelized currents -- 5.4 Why flow in a channel? -- 5.5 Width: depth ratio of river channels -- 5.6 Long profiles of rivers -- 5.7 An experimental interlude -- 5.8 Flow in channel bends -- 5.9 Sediment particles in channel bends -- 5.10 Migration of channel bends -- 5.11 A model for river point-bar deposits -- Readings -- 6 Order in chaos -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Assessing turbulent flows - how to see and what to measure -- 6.3 Character of an ideal eddy -- 6.4 Streaks in the viscous sublayer -- 6.5 Streak bursting -- 6.6 Large eddies (macroturbulence) -- 6.7 Relation of small to large coherent structures -- Readings -- 7 A matter of turbidity -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 A diffusion model for transport in suspension -- 7.3 Transport in suspension across river floodplains -- 7.4 Limitations of diffusion models -- 7.5 A dynamical theory of suspension -- 7.6 A criterion for suspension -- Readings -- 8 The banks of the Limpopo River -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Clay minerals -- 8.3 Deposition of muddy sediments -- 8.4 Packing of muddy sediments -- 8.5 Coming unstuck -- 8.6 Erosion of muddy sediments -- 8.7 Drying out -- Readings -- 9 Creeping, sliding and flowing -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Mass movements in general -- 9.3 Soil creep -- 9.4 Effective stress and losses of strength -- 9.5 Sub-aerial and sub-aquatic slides -- 9.6 Debris flows -- 9.7 Mass-movement associations -- Readings -- 10 Changes of state -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 An experiment -- 10.3 What causes changes of states? -- 10.4 What forces cause deformation? -- 10.5 For how long can deformation proceed? -- 10.6 Complex deformations in cross-bedded sandstones -- 10.7 Load casts -- 10.8 Convolute lamination -- 10.9 Wrinkle marks -- 10.10 Overturned cross-bedding -- Readings -- 11 Twisting and turning -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Mixing layers -- 11.3 Jets -- 11.4 Corkscrew vortices -- 11.5 Horseshoe vortices due to bluff bodies -- 11.6 Horseshoe vortices at flute marks, current ripples and dunes -- Readings -- 12 Sudden, strong and deep -- 12.1 Some experiments -- 12.2 Kinds of gravity current -- 12.3 Difficulties with gravity currents -- 12.4 Drag force and mean velocity of a uniform steady gravity current -- 12.5 Shape and speed of a gravity-current head -- 12.6 Why does the nose overhang? -- 12.7 Lobes, clefts and sole marks -- 12.8 Billows on the head -- 12.9 Gravity-current heads on slopes -- 12.10 Dissipation of sediment-driven gravity currents -- 12.11 Sloshing gravity currents -- 12.12 Turbidity-current deposits -- Readings -- 13 To and fro -- 13.1 Some introductory experiments -- 13.2 Making wind waves -- 13.3 Making the tide -- 13.4 Waves in shallow water -- 13.5 Waves in deep water -- 13.6 Wave equations -- 13.7 Mass transport in progressive and standing waves -- 13.8 Sediment transport due to wind waves and tides -- 13.9 Wave ripples and plane beds -- 13.10 Sand waves in tidal currents -- 13.11 Longshore bars and troughs -- 13.12 Waves and storm surges - back to the beginning -- Readings.