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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031562150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 257 p. 29 illus.)
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Springer Graduate Texts in Philosophy 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer arithmetic and logic units. ; Logic. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: Part I: Logic, Sets, and Numbers -- Chapter 1. First-order Logic -- Chapter 2. Logical seeing -- Chapter 3. What is a Number? -- Chapter 4. Seeing the Number Structures -- Chapter 5. Points, Lines, and the Structure of R -- Chapter 6. Set Theory -- Part II: Relations, Structures, Geometry -- Chapter 7. Relations -- Chapter 8. Definable Elements and Constants -- Chapter 9. Minimal and Order-Minimal Structures -- Chapter 10. Geometry of Definable Sets -- Chapter 11. Where Do Structures Come From? -- Chapter 12. Elementary Extensions and Symmetries -- Chapter 13. Tame vs. Wild -- Chapter 14. First-Order Properties -- Chapter 15. Symmetries and Logical Visibility One More Time -- Part III: Inference, Models, Categoricity and Diversity -- Chapter 16. Logical Inference -- Chapter 17. Categoricity -- Chapter 18. Counting Countable Models -- Chapter 19. Infinitary Logics -- Chapter 20. Symmetry and Definability -- Appendices -- Bibliography -- Index.
    Abstract: This textbook is a second edition of the successful, Mathematical Logic: On Numbers, Sets, Structures, and Symmetry. It retains the original two parts found in the first edition, while presenting new material in the form of an added third part to the textbook. The textbook offers a slow introduction to mathematical logic, and several basic concepts of model theory, such as first-order definability, types, symmetries, and elementary extensions. Part I, Logic Sets, and Numbers, shows how mathematical logic is used to develop the number structures of classical mathematics. All necessary concepts are introduced exactly as they would be in a course in mathematical logic; but are accompanied by more extensive introductory remarks and examples to motivate formal developments. The second part, Relations, Structures, Geometry, introduces several basic concepts of model theory, such as first-order definability, types, symmetries, and elementary extensions, and shows how they are used to study and classify mathematical structures. The added Part III to the book is closer to what one finds in standard introductory mathematical textbooks. Definitions, theorems, and proofs that are introduced are still preceded by remarks that motivate the material, but the exposition is more formal, and includes more advanced topics. The focus is on the notion of countable categoricity, which analyzed in detail using examples from the first two parts of the book. This textbook is suitable for graduate students in mathematical logic and set theory and will also be of interest to mathematicians who know the technical aspects of the subject, but are not familiar with its history and philosophical background. .
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031519710
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 307 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Intellectual life ; Logic. ; Physicists ; Astronomers
    Abstract: PART I: AT HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY -- 1. At high school -- 1.1. High school extraordinary -- 1.2. The activity of the human mind -- 1.3. Molecular theory -- 1.4. G¨odel’s esoteric side -- At university: from physics to mathematics -- 2.1. The physics student -- 2.2. Mathematics and philosophy -- PART II: FIRST STEPS IN LOGIC -- 1. First encounters with foundational problems -- 2. The Weber-Heft -- 3. The U¨ bungsheft Logik -- 3.1. Exercise in constitutional analysis -- 3.2. Formal derivations in second-order arithmetic and set theory -- 3.3. Beautiful syntax trees and other diversions -- 3.4. Summary overview of the U¨ bungsheft -- 4. Punktmengenlehre -- 4.1. Hilbert’s geometry -- 4.2. Hausdorff’s point set topology -- PART III: THE PROBLEM OF COMPLETENESS -- 1. From Carnap’s exercises to the problem of completeness -- 2. Dissertation draft -- 2.1. Generality -- 2.2. First-order logic -- 2.3. The proof of completeness -- 3. Completeness of the axioms of the narrower function calculus -- 4. Lectures and seminars on completeness. -- 5. Anticipations of incompleteness -- PART IV: THE SHORTHAND NOTEBOOKS -- 1. The Weber-Heft -- 2. U¨ bungsheft Logik: formal derivations -- 3. Punktmengenlehre: Hilbert’s geometry -- 4. Punktmengenlehre and U¨ bungsheft: set theory and topology -- 6. Completeness of the axioms of the narrower function calculus -- PART V: LECTURES AND SEMINARS ON COMPLETENESS -- 1. On the completeness of the axioms of the logical function calculus -- 2. Lecture in K¨onigsberg -- 3. Lecture in Vienna (plan of contents) -- 4. Report on G¨odel’s work -- 5. Completeness of the function calculus.
    Abstract: In the summer of 1928, Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) embarked on his logical journey that would bring him world fame in a mere three years. By early 1929, he had solved an outstanding problem in logic, namely the question of the completeness of the axioms and rules of quantificational logic. He then went on to extend the result to the axiom system of arithmetic but found, instead of completeness, his famous incompleteness theorem that got published in 1931. It belongs to the most iconic achievements of 20th century science and has been instrumental in the development of theories of formal languages and algorithmic computability – two essential components in the birth of the information society. This book explores Gödel’s way from an exceptional high-school student to a firmly established young logician. Essays in Gödel’s hand from the high school show that his central philosophical and scientific convictions were formed early on, before his university studies. Particular emphasis is laid on the course that made Gödel one of the foremost logicians of all times. The scientific biography of young Gödel is followed by English translations from Gödel’s German Gabelsberger shorthand of all his early preserved notebooks on logic and related topics.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031501098
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 293 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Pragmatics. ; Philosophy. ; Linguistics. ; Cognitive science. ; Logic.
    Abstract: Pt. 1 - Philosophical approaches.-Chapter 1. Wayne Davis. “Cheap Propositions”.-Chapter 2. Alessandro Capone. “On the distinction between reference and referential presupposition”.-Chapter 3. Nathan Salmón. “Synonymy” -- Chapter 4. Nathan Salmón. “Sleeping Beauty: Awakenings, Chance, Secrets, and Video”.-Chapter 5. Grace G. Campbell. “Situated Agency and Constitutive Moral Luck”.-Chapter 6. Richard Warner. “Pragmatics and Semantics: Grice 1968, Schiffer 2015, Schiffer 1972”.-Chapter 7. Denis Delfitto (Corresponding Author) and Maria Vender. “Puzzling data, beautiful computations: A new analysis of when ‘or’ means ‘and’”.-Chapter 8. Dennis Kurzon. “FAILED DIRECTIVES and FATAL COMMISSIVES. Speech act analysis of Oscar Wilde’s Salome.-Pt. 2 - Inferential and cognitive pragmatics.-Chapter 9. Paola Radici Colace. “For a definition of hyperbola on the scene of ancient Greek theater: situations and lexicon” -- Chapter 10. Keith Allan. “The semantics and pragmatics of names and naming” -- Chapter11. Luigi Pavone. “An inscriptional account for mixed quotation” -- Chapter 12. Louise Cumming. “Cognitive Aspects of Pragmatics Disorders” -- Chapter 13. Caterina Scianna. “Irony as a complex social phenomenon”.-Chapter 14. Roberto Graci. “Exploring the neurological substrates of pragmatics: insights from neuroscience”.-Chapter 15. Daniele Panizza. “Presuppositions in indirect reports: a window into the semantics/pragmatics interface”.
    Abstract: This book contains essential contributions to enrich and broaden the application field of pragmatics. It provides an example of how the fruitful reflections and refined conceptual distinctions born in the philosophical field can find a practical application in addressing social, cognitive, clinical, and psychological problems. Its chapters address, from different points of view, the relationship between pragmatic linguistics and philosophy, and outline the possible application of pragmatic theories to different domains. Developed during the third Pragmasophia international conference, whose name is derived from the Greek terms πρᾶγμα (action, fact) and σοϕία (knowledge, science), the book aligns itself with its aim to study human actions and activities and how they take shape through language. But ‘Pragma’ and ‘Sophia’ also signal another purpose: highlighting the importance of creating links between empirical investigations on language use, and more traditional philosophical approaches. In this reading, ‘Pragma’ represents the experimental goal devoted to analysing and interpreting language facts. In contrast, the term ‘Sophia’ recalls the original vocation of past philosophers to pursue an ideal of ‘pure knowledge’, disconnected from any practical-economic interest. While maintaining the conference's original purpose of encouraging productive comparisons between different approaches, the book consists of two sections: first, on philosophical approaches, recalls more theoretical aspects (closer to the term ‘Sophia’); the second, ‘Inferential and Cognitive Pragmatics,’ addresses more practical issues affecting domains such as Greek literature, pragmatic disorders, dictionary entries, and speech analysis. The reader, whether in linguists, philosophy or psychology, obtains a complete overview of the most advanced current research lines, both theoretical and empirical, and thus contributes to broadening the scope of pragmatics.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031509810
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 463 p. 29 illus., 12 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Outstanding Contributions to Logic 29
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Language and languages ; Mathematics ; Mathematical logic. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Proof-theoretic semantics: An autobiographical survey (Peter Schroeder-Heister) -- Chapter 2. Grundlagen der Arithmetik, §17: Part 1. Frege’s anticipation of the deduction theorem (Göran Sundholm) -- Chapter 3. Frege’s class theory and the logic of sets (Neil Tennant) -- Chapter 4. The validity of inference and argument (Dag Prawitz) -- Chapter 5. Kolmogorov and the general theory of problems (Wagner de Campos Sanz) -- Chapter 6. Disjunctive syllogism without Ex falso (Luiz Carlos Pereira, Edward Hermann Haeusler and Victor Nascimento) -- Chapter 7. The logicality of equality (Andrzej Indrzejczak) -- Chapter 8. Eight rules for implication elimination (Michael Arndt) -- Chapter 9. Focusing Gentzen’s LK proof system (Chuck Liang and Dale Miller) -- Chapter 10. Intensional harmony as Isomorphism (Paolo Pistone and Luca Tranchini) -- Chapter 11. A note on synonymy in proof-theoretic semantics (Heinrich Wansing) -- Chapter 12. Paradoxes, intuitionism, and proof-theoretic semantics (Reinhard Kahle and Paulo Guilherme Santos) -- Chapter 13. On the structure of proofs (Lars Hallnäs) -- Chapter 14. Truth-value constants in multi-valued logics (Nissim Francez and Michael Kaminski) -- Chapter 15. Counterfactual assumptions and counterfactual implications (Bartosz Więckowski) -- Chapter 16. Some set-theoretic reduction principles (Michael Bärtschi and Gerhard Jäger) -- Chapter 17. Comments on the contributions (Peter Schroeder-Heister).
    Abstract: This open access book is a superb collection of some fifteen chapters inspired by Schroeder-Heister's groundbreaking work, written by leading experts in the field, plus an extensive autobiography and comments on the various contributions by Schroeder-Heister himself. For several decades, Peter Schroeder-Heister has been a central figure in proof-theoretic semantics, a field of study situated at the interface of logic, theoretical computer science, natural-language semantics, and the philosophy of language. The chapters of which this book is composed discuss the subject from a rich variety of angles, including the history of logic, the proper interpretation of logical validity, natural deduction rules, the notions of harmony and of synonymy, the structure of proofs, the logical status of equality, intentional phenomena, and the proof theory of second-order arithmetic. All chapters relate directly to questions that have driven Schroeder-Heister's own research agenda and to which he has made seminal contributions. The extensive autobiographical chapter not only provides a fascinating overview of Schroeder-Heister's career and the evolution of his academic interests but also constitutes a contribution to the recent history of logic in its own right, painting an intriguing picture of the philosophical, logical, and mathematical institutional landscape in Germany and elsewhere since the early 1970s. The papers collected in this book are illuminatingly put into a unified perspective by Schroeder-Heister's comments at the end of the book. Both graduate students and established researchers in the field will find this book an excellent resource for future work in proof-theoretic semantics and related areas.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031444906
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 470 p. 19 illus., 2 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Outstanding Contributions to Logic 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction (Jacek Malinowski and Rafał Palczewski) -- Chapter 2. Biogram (Janusz Czelakowski) -- Chapter 3. Section of logic in Łódź 1982–1992 (Jacek Malinowski) -- Part 1: Surveys -- Chapter 4. Janusz Czelakowski’s research on the theory of matrices and its applications in the seventies and eighties of the 20th century (Josep Maria Font and Ramon Jansana) -- Chapter 5. A gentle introduction to the Leibniz hierarchy (Tommaso Moraschini) -- Chapter 6. Czelakowski’s work on quasivarieties (Miguel Campercholi and Diego Castaño) -- Chapter 7. On J. Czelakowski’s contributions to quantum logic and the foundation of quantum mechanics (Davide Fazio) -- Chapter 8. Actions and deontology: Janusz Czelakowski on actions and their assessment (Fengkui Ju and Piotr Kulicki) -- Part 2: Research -- Chapter 9. Assertional logics and the Frege hierarchy (Hugo Albuquerque and Ramon Jansana) -- Chapter 10. Characterization of strong day implication systems (Sergey Babenyshev) -- Chapter 11. SCI – Sequentcalculi, cut elimination and interpolation property (Andrzej Indrzejczak) -- Chapter 12. Some more theorems on structural entailment relations and non-deterministic semantics (Carlos Caleiro, Sérgio Marcelino, and Umberto Rivieccio) -- Chapter 13. Boolean-like algebras of finite dimension: From Boolean products to semiring products (Antonio Bucciarelli, Antonio Ledda, Francesco Paoli, and Antonino Salibra) -- Chapter 14. Logic of action from the perspective of knowledge representation (Andreas Herzig, Emiliano Lorini, and Elise Perrotin) -- Chapter 15. Implication in sharply paraorthomodular and relatively paraorthomodular posets (Ivan Chajda, Davide Fazio, Helmut Länger, Antonio Ledda, and Jan Paseka) -- Chapter 16. My final comments to the volume (Janusz Czelakowski) -- Chapter 17. List of publications of Janusz Czelakowski.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the life and work of logician Janusz Czelakowski on the topic of logical consequence. It consists of three parts – a biography, a survey and research sections. The volume begins with an autobiographic chapter by Janusz Czelakowski followed by a historical chapter written by Jacek Malinowski. The survey section forms the backbone of the volume with each chapter covering one of Janusz Czelakowski’s results. They focus on his results in the area of logical consequence, demonstrate how his results influenced following research, and presents potential future results, problems and applications. This volume is of interest to logicians and mathematicians.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031514067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 424 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 481
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Mathematics
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: deduction at the crossroads (Antonio Piccolomini d'Aragona) -- 2. The interdependence between the concepts of valid inference and proof revisited (Dag Prawitz) -- 3. The completeness theorem? So what! (Goran Sundholm) -- 4. Godel's absolute proofs and Girard's Ludics. Mutual insights (Gabriella Crocco and Myriam Quatrini) -- 5. Dummett, analytic and synthetic deductions (Cesare Cozzo) -- 6. From proof-objects to grounds (Enrico Moriconi) -- 7. On an ecumenical natural deduction with stoup - Part I: the propositional case (Luiz Carlos Pereira and Elaine Pimentel) -- 8. Martin-Lof on the validity of inference (Ansten Klev) -- 9. Molecularity in the theory of meaning and the topic neutrality of logic (Nils Kurbis and Bernhard Weiss) -- 10. Assertion, assumption and deduction (Peter Pagin) -- 11. Deduction and ampliativity: a critical appraisal (Emiliano Ippoliti) -- 12. A new conjecture about identity of proofs (Paolo Pistone) -- 13. Godel's introduction to deduction (Milos Adzic) -- 14. Karl Popper on deduction (Thomas Piecha) -- 15. An epistemological view on the Peano School Axiomatics (Paola Cantu) -- 16. Inferential quantification and the w-rule (Constantin Brincus) -- 17. Chains of inferences in proof by induction: a cognitive analysis (Samuele Antonini and Bernardo Nannini) -- 18. From strategies to derivations and back. An easy completeness proof for first-order intuitionistic dialogical logic (Davide Catta) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book provides philosophers and logicians with a broad spectrum of views on contemporary research on the problem of deduction, its justification and explanation. The variety of distinct approaches exemplified by the single chapters allows for a dialogue between perspectives that, usually, barely communicate with each other. The contributions concern (in a possibly intertwined way) three major perspectives in logic: philosophical, historical, formal. The philosophical perspective has to do with the relationship between deductive validity and truth, and questions the alleged conclusiveness of deduction and its epistemic contribution. It also discusses the role of linguistic acts in deductive practice, and provides a cognitive-didactic contribution on how we may learn through deduction. In the historical perspective, the contributions discuss the ideas of some major historical figures, such as Bolzano, Girard, Gödel, and Peano. Finally, in the formal perspective, the mathematics of deduction is dealt with mainly from an intuitionistic-constructivist or proof-theoretic point of view, with focus on “ecumenic” or internalistic approaches to logical validity, on the nature and identity of proofs, and on dialogical setups. Chapter [14] is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031330261
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 330 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: History of Analytic Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bertrand Russell, feminism, and women philosophers in his circle
    Keywords: Analysis (Philosophy). ; Logic. ; Mathematics ; Feminism. ; Feminist theory. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Russell, Bertrand 1872-1970
    Abstract: 1. Editors’ Introduction -- 2. A Moral and Intellectual Evaluation of Russell’s Romantic/Sexual Practices -- 3. Bertrand and Dora Russell on sex, marriage and the rule of fathers -- 4. Sex, Suffrage, and Marriage: Russell and Feminism -- 5. Alice Ambrose and women’s work in the foundations debate at the University of Cambridge, 1932-1937 -- 6. Alice Ambrose and Margaret MacDonald: Two Women Who Challenged Bertrand Russell on Ordinary Language -- 7. Susan Stebbing and Russell’s Logical Atomism -- 8. Grandmothers and Founding Mothers of Analytic Philosophy: Constance Jones, Bertrand Russell, and Susan Stebbing on Complete and Incomplete Symbols -- 9. Dorothy Wrinch and the Man of the Century -- 10. “I like her very much—she has very good brains.”: Dorothy Wrinch’s influence on Bertrand Russell -- 11. Patricia Russell and Her Influence on Bertrand Russell.
    Abstract: This book examines Bertrand Russell’s complicated relationships to the women around him, and to feminism more generally. The essays in this volume offer scholarly reassessments of these relationships and their import for the history of feminism and of analytic philosophy. Russell is a founder of analytic philosophy. He has also been called a feminist due to his public, decades-long advocacy for women’s rights and equality of the sexes. But his private behavior towards wives and sexual partners, and his apparently dismissive (occasionally public) responses to some women philosophers, raises the question of what sort of feminist (or chauvinist) Russell actually was. Focusing on women in Russell’s circle of acquaintance, including feminist activists and his philosophical interlocutors, this book casts new light on a timeless thinker’s feminism and the women who played critical roles in the making of analytic philosophy.
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658321147
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 601 S. 12 Abb.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Moritz Schlick. Gesamtausgabe II/5.2.a
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schlick, Moritz, 1882 - 1936 Gesamtausgabe ; Abteilung 2, Band 5.2a: Nachgelassene Schriften: Vorlesungen und Aufzeichnungen zur Geschichte und zum Begriff der Philosophie
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Metaphysics. ; Logic. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Science
    Abstract: Vorwort des Herausgebers -- Einleitung -- Geschichte der Philosophie -- Einführung in die Philosophie -- Historische Einleitung in die Philosophie -- Anhang.
    Abstract: Dieser Band versammelt Texte aus dem Nachlass Moritz Schlicks über den Begriff und die Geschichte der Philosophie. Ein großer Teil davon gehört zum Spätwerk Schlicks, und er plante selbst, sie zu publizieren. Diese Edition macht darum erstmals und im Zusammenhang Texte zugänglich, die noch weitgehend unbekannt sind. Schlick zeichnete darin die Philosophiegeschichte als Geschichte eines Irrtums. Dieser Irrtum wurde von den Eleaten zuerst begangen, indem sie Schein und Sein unterschieden, und wird seither in wechselnder Terminologie wiederholt. Durch die moderne Logik kann dieser Irrtum nach Schlicks Ansicht beseitigt werden.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658321161
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 690 S. 1 Abb.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Moritz Schlick. Gesamtausgabe II/5.2.b
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schlick, Moritz, 1882 - 1936 Gesamtausgabe ; Abteilung 2, Band 5.2b: Nachgelassene Schriften: Vorlesungen und Aufzeichnungen zum Begriff der Philosophie
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Metaphysics. ; Logic. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Language and languages ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Die Aufgabe der Philosophie in der Gegenwart -- Philosophie der Gegenwart -- Philosophie der Gegenwart [Überarbeitete Fassung] -- Die Probleme der Philosophie in ihrem Zusammenhang -- Welt als Spiel. Quasi ein System der Philosophie -- Anhang.
    Abstract: Dieser Band versammelt Texte aus dem Nachlass Moritz Schlicks über den Begriff und die Geschichte der Philosophie. Ein großer Teil davon gehört zum Spätwerk Schlicks, und er plante selbst, sie zu publizieren. Diese Edition macht darum erstmals und im Zusammenhang Texte zugänglich, die noch weitgehend unbekannt sind. Schlick zeichnete darin die Philosophiegeschichte als Geschichte eines Irrtums. Dieser Irrtum wurde von den Eleaten zuerst begangen, indem sie Schein und Sein unterschieden, und wird seither in wechselnder Terminologie wiederholt. Durch die moderne Logik kann dieser Irrtum nach Schlicks Ansicht beseitigt werden.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031137068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 315 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Ontology. ; Logic.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Sense from Frege to Deleuze -- 3. The Stoic Logic of Events -- 4. Lewis Carroll and the Logic of Nonsense -- 5. Sense as the Transcendental Field -- 6. Logic and Ontology -- 7. Dynamic Genesis and Psychoanalysis -- 8. Conclusion: Madness vs. Stupidity.
    Abstract: This is a reading of Gilles Deleuze’s masterpiece Logic of Sense. It provides a thorough and systematic reading of Deleuze’s book by focusing on the aspects that are neglected in the existing literature. Specifically, the claim that Deleuze’s Logic of Sense provides a convincing answer for the most important question of the history of philosophy regarding the relation between thought and existence as well as the relation between logic and ontology is defended. The answer is that if thought is related to existence, logic is supposed to be, not the logic of essence, but rather the logic of sense. This analysis s pursued respectively through Deleuze’s readings of Frege, the ancient Stoics, Lewis Carroll, Kant, Lautman, Leibniz, and Melanie Klein.
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  • 11
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031241178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 1118 p. 179 illus., 25 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Outstanding Contributions to Logic 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Computer science. ; Mathematics. ; Linguistics. ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical.
    Abstract: Part 1. Duality and domains in logical form -- Chapter 1. Duality, intensionality, and contextuality: Philosophy of category theory and the categorical unity of science in Samson Abramsky (Yoshihiro Maruyama) -- Chapter 2. Minimisation in logical form (Nick Bezhanishvili, Marcello Bonsangue, Helle Hvid Hansen, Dexter Kozen, Clemens Kupke, Prakash Panangaden, and Alexandra Silva) -- Chapter 3. A Cook’s tour of duality in logic: From quantifiers, through Vietoris, to measures (Mai Gehrke, Tomas Jakl, and Luca Reggio) -- Chapter 4. Stone duality for relations (Alexander Kurz, Andrew Moshier, and Achim Jung) -- Part 2. Game semantics -- Chapter 5. The mays and musts of concurrent strategies (Simon Castellan, Pierre Clairambault, and Glynn Winskel) -- Chapter 6. A tale of additives and concurrency in game semantics (Pierre Clairambault) -- Chapter 7. The far side of the cube: An elementary introduction to game semantics (Dan Ghica) -- Chapter 8. An axiomatic account of a fully abstract game semantics for general references (Jim Laird and Guy McCusker) -- Chapter 9. Deconstructing general references via game semantics (Andrzej S. Murawski and Nikos Tzevelekos) -- Chapter 10. The game semantics of game theory (Jules Hedges) -- Part 3. Contextuality and quantum computation -- Chapter 11. Consistency, acyclicity, and positive semirings (Albert Atserias and Phokion G. Kolaitis) -- Chapter 12. Closing bell, boxing black box simulations in the resource theory of contextuality (Rui Soares Barbosa, Martti Karvonen, and Shane Mansfield) -- Chapter 13. Describing and animating quantum protocols (Richard Bornat and Rajagopal Nagarajan) -- Chapter 14. The Contextuality-by-default view of the Sheaf-Theoretic approach to contextuality (Ehtibar Dzhafarov) -- Chapter 15. Godel, Escher, Bell, contextual semantics for logical paradoxes (Kohei Kishida) -- Chapter 16. Putting paradoxes to work: Contextuality in measurement-based quantum computation (Robert Raussendorf) -- Part 4. Game comonads and descriptive complexity -- Chapter 17. Monadic Monadic second order logic (Mikolaj Bojanczyk, Bartek Klin, and Julian Salamanca) -- Chapter 18. Constraint satisfaction, graph isomorphism, and the pebbling comonad (Anuj Dawar) -- Chapter 19. The strategic balance of games in logic (Jouko Vaananen) -- Part 5. Categorical and logical semantics -- Chapter 20. Compositionality in context (Alexandru Baltag, Johan van Benthem, and Dag Westerstahl) -- Chapter 21. Compact inverse categories (Robin Cockett and Chris Heunen) -- Chapter 22 -- Reductive logic, proof-search, and Coalgebra: A perspective from resource semantics (Alexander Gheorghiu, Simon Docherty, and David Pym) -- Chapter 23. Lambek-Grishin calculus: Focusing, display and full polarization (Giuseppe Greco, Michael Moortgat, Valentin D. Richard, and Apostolos Tzimoulis) -- Chapter 24. On strictifying extensional reflexivity in compact closed categories (Peter Hines) -- Chapter 25 -- Semantics for a Lambda calculus for string diagrams (Bert Lindenhovius, Michael Mislove, and Vladimir Zamdzhiev) -- Chapter 26. Retracing some paths in categorical semantics: From process-propositions-as-types to categorified reals and computers (Dusko Pavlovic) -- Part 6. Probabilistic computation. Chapter 27. (Towards a) Statistical probabilistic Lazy Lambda calculus (Radha Jagadeesan) -- Chapter 28. Multisets and distributions, in drawing and learning (Bart Jacobs) -- Chapter 29. Structure in machine learning (Prakash Panangaden).
    Abstract: Samson Abramsky’s wide-ranging contributions to logical and structural aspects of Computer Science have had a major influence on the field. This book is a rich collection of papers, inspired by and extending Abramsky’s work. It contains both survey material and new results, organised around six major themes: domains and duality, game semantics, contextuality and quantum computation, comonads and descriptive complexity, categorical and logical semantics, and probabilistic computation. These relate to different stages and aspects of Abramsky’s work, reflecting its exceptionally broad scope and his ability to illuminate and unify diverse topics. Chapters in the volume include a review of his entire body of work, spanning from philosophical aspects to logic, programming language theory, quantum theory, economics and psychology, and relating it to a theory of unification of sciences using dual adjunctions. The section on game semantics shows how Abramsky’s work has led to a powerful new paradigm for the semantics of computation. The work on contextuality and categorical quantum mechanics has been highly influential, and provides the foundation for increasingly widely used methods in quantum computing. The work on comonads and descriptive complexity is building bridges between currently disjoint research areas in computer science, relating Structure to Power. The volume also includes a scientific autobiography, and an overview of the contributions. The outstanding set of contributors to this volume, including both senior and early career academics, serve as testament to Samson Abramsky’s enduring influence. It will provide an invaluable and unique resource for both students and established researchers.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031365065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXXIII, 250 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 59
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Logic.
    Abstract: 1. The Meaning of Probability Statements -- 2. The Establishment of Equally Warranted Premises -- 3. The Theory of Games of Chance -- 4. The Special Theory of Probability -- 5. Varieties of Numeric Probability -- 6. Establishing and Justifying Statements about Probability -- 7. On the Significance of the Range Principle, and the Probability Calculus -- 8. Application of the Probability Calculus in Theoretical Physics -- 9. More Applications of the Probability Calculus -- 10. On the History of Probability Theory -- 11. On the Theory of Probability -- 12. Conventions of Measurement in Psychophysics.
    Abstract: This book provides an English translation of the work Principles of the Probability Calculus published in 1886 by Johannes von Kries, which discusses the range theory of probability. It offers a novel account of the foundations of probability, an account which was familiar to Keynes, Kneale, Weber, Reichenbach, and von Mises. This account dispenses with the principle of indifference in probability, and it introduces the method of arbitrary functions. Confusions in the history of probability are pinpointed, and a novel theory is developed in which probability is neither entirely subjective nor objective. The book develops what is known as the range theory or Spielraum theory in detail, in a narrative way using few formulas. Von Kries applies range theory to Boltzmann’s theory of the statistical behaviour of gases, and to several applications in medical statistics. Many uses of probability are found wanting; very often they are found not to admit any expression of probability in numbers at all. The book will be of first interest to philosophers of science and historians interested in the foundations of probability. It is also of general interest to anyone who applies statistics everyday in such fields as econometrics, psychology, or medicine.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9783031318405
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 330 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 476
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Metaphysics. ; Logic. ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Décio Krause, quantum mechanics, non individuality, and this volume (Jonas R. Becker Arenhart and Raoni Wohnrath Arroyo) -- 2. The pragmatics of quantum individuality (Dennis Dieks) -- 3. Quasi-structural realism (Steven French) -- 4. The roads to non-individuals (and how not to read their maps) (Jonas R. Becker Arenhart and Raoni Wohnrath Arroyo) -- 5. Particles? What do we mean by a particle? (Graciela Domenech) -- 6. A phenomenology of identity: about quantum (non-)particles (Michel Bitbol) -- 7. The perils of cardinality primitivism (Otávio Bueno) -- 8. Open problems in the development of a quantum mereology and their ontological implications (Federico Holik and Juan Pablo Jorge) -- 9. Indistinguishability in homodyne photo-detections (J. Acacio de Barros) -- 10. On the consistency of quasi-set theory (Adonai S. Sant’Anna) -- 11. About the ontological nature of quantum systems (Olimpia Lombardi) -- 12. The several measurement problems and the reality problem of quantum mechanics (F. A. Muller) -- 13. Measuring quantum superpositions (Or: “It is only the theory which decides what can be observed”) (Christian de Ronde) -- 14. A quantum approach to pattern recognition (Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara, Roberto Giuntini, and Giuseppe Sergioli) -- 15. On axiomatic formulations of the efficient market hypothesis (Newton C. A. da Costa, Francisco A. Doria, and G. Gallipolo).
    Abstract: This book discusses the philosophical work of Décio Krause. Non-individuality, as a new metaphysical category, was thought to be strongly supported by quantum mechanics. No one did more to promote this idea than the Brazilian philosopher Décio Krause, whose works on the metaphysics and logic of non-individuality are now widely regarded as part of the consolidated literature on the subject. This volume brings together chapters elaborating on the ideas put forward and defended by Krause, developing them in many different directions, commenting on aspects not completely developed so far, and, more importantly, critically addressing their current formulations and defenses by Krause himself. Given that Krause’s ideas do connect directly and indirectly with a wide array of subjects, such as the philosophy of quantum mechanics, more broadly understood, the philosophy of logic and logical philosophy, non-classical logics, metaphysics, and ontology, this volume contains important material for the research on logic and foundations of science, broadly understood. All the invited contributors have already worked with the ideas developed by Décio (some of them still work with them), being also distinct authors and extremely relevant in their areas of expertise. The volume is aimed at philosophers, including those of physics and quantum mechanics.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031294150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 799 p. 264 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Outstanding Contributions to Logic 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Metaphysics. ; Language and languages
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction (Federico L.G. Faroldi and Frederik Van De Putte) -- Chapter 2. Short autobiography (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 3. Modern faces of filtration (Johan van Benthem and Nick Bezhanishvili) -- Chapter 4. Reflections on filtration: A response to ‘modern faces of filtration’ by Johan van Benthem and Nick Bezhanishvili (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 5. From felicitous models to answer set programming (Vladimir Lifschitz) -- Chapter 6. Selective programming: Response to ‘From felicitous models to answer set programming’ by Vladimir Lifschitz (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 7. Fine’s semantics for relevance logic and its relevance (Katalin Bimbó and Michael Dunn) -- Chapter 8.Truthmaker semantics for relevance logic: Response to ‘Fine’s semantics for relevance logic and its relevance’ by Katalin Bimbó and J. Michael Dunn (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 9. Conjunctive and disjunctive parts (Mark Jago) -- Chapter 10. To be or not to be disjunctive: Response to Mark Jago’s ‘conjunctive and disjunctive parts’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 11. Truth-maker semantics for substructural logics (Ondrej Majer, Igor Sedlár and Vít Punćochář) -- Chapter 12. Forms of conditionality: Response to ‘truth-maker semantics for some substructural logics’ by Ondrej Majer, , Igor Sedlár and Vít Punćochář -- Chapter 13. A strictly exact truthmaker semantics for non-transitive relevance and classical logic (Peter Verdée) -- Chapter 14. The ghost of impossibility: Response to Peter Verdée’s ‘truthmakers and relevance for FDE, LP, K3 and CL’ -- Chapter 15. Truthmaker semantics for epistemic logic (Peter Hawke and Aybuke Ozgun) -- Chapter 16. An epistemized truthmaker semantics for epistemic logic: Response to Hawke’s and Ozgun’s ‘truthmaker semantics for epistemic logic’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 17. Counterfactuals, infinity and paradox (Andrew Bacon) -- Chapter 18. Defense of a truthmaker approach to counterfactuals: Response to Andrew Bacon’s ‘counterfactuals, infinity and paradox’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 19. On the notion of aboutness in logical semantics (Alessandro Giordani) -- Chapter 20. Situational and informational aboutness: Response to Giordani’s ‘on the notion of aboutness in logical semantics’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 21. Propositional potentialism (Peter Fritz) -- Chapter 22. ‘The postulation of possibilities’: Response to Peter Fritz’s ‘propositional potentialism’ (Kit Fine) -- Chater 23. The whole truth (Stephan Krämer) -- Chapter 24. The whole truth: An internal perspective: Response to Krämer’s ‘the whole truth’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 25. New semantic framework for the logic of worldly grounding (and beyond) (Fabrice Correia) -- Chapter 26. The algebraic and structural approaches to truthmaker semantics: Response to Fabrice Correia’s ‘a new semantic framework for the logic of worldly grounding (and beyond)’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 27. Permissive updates (Stephen Yablo and Daniel Rothschild) -- Chapter 28. Truthmaker foundations for deontic logic: Response to Rothchild’s and Yablo’s ‘permissive updates’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 29. Comparing Russell and Fine on variable objects (Leon Horsten and Ryo Ito) -- Chapter 30. Refining Russell: Response to Leon Horsten’s and Ryo Ito’s ‘Russell and Fine on variable objects’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 31. Fine on the possibility of vagueness (Andreas Ditter) -- Chapter 32. In defense of a global view of vagueness: Response to Andreas Ditter’s ‘Fine on the possibility of vagueness’ (Kit Fine) -- Chapter 33. Progressive logic (Kit Fine and Errol Martin).
    Abstract: This book explores some of Kit Fine's outstanding contributions to logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, and metaphysics, among others. Contributing authors address in-depth issues about truthmaker semantics, counterfactual conditionals, grounding, vagueness, non-classical consequence relations, and arbitrary objects, offering critical reflections and novel research contributions. Each chapter is accompanied by an extensive commentary, in which Kit Fine offers detailed responses to the ideas and themes raised by the contributors. The book includes a brief autobiography and exhaustive list of his publications to this date. This book is of interest to logicians of all stripes and to analytic philosophers more generally.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658406325
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 306 S. 1 Abb.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Colloquium Metaphysicum
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Metaphysics. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Logic. ; Philosophical anthropology. ; Ethics. ; Idealism, German.
    Abstract: Vorwort -- Logik -- Metaphysik -- Anthropologie -- Moralphilosophie -- Rechtsphilosophie -- Religionsphilosophie.
    Abstract: Für das Verständnis der Philosophie Immanuel Kants eröffnen sich neue Einsichten, wenn man neben den Druckschriften auch Kants Vorlesungen beizieht. Im vorliegenden Band werden unter dieser Maßgabe zentrale Aspekte der Kantischen Philosophie – Metaphysik, Logik, Anthropologie sowie Moral-, Rechts- und Religionsphilosophie – beleuchtet und neu gedeutet. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Frage nach den Grenzen des Wissens, wie Kant sie in seiner Transzendentalphilosophie beschrieben hat, und dem durch diese Grenzbestimmung eröffneten Freiraum des Glaubens. Diese Einhegung der theoretischen Philosophie hat weitreichende Folgen für die Anthropologie. Der Mensch ist frei, die obersten Maximen seines Handelns – seine Gesinnung – zu bestimmen. Dafür trägt er Verantwortung. Welche Wirkung eine Entscheidung zeitigt, bleibt ihm verborgen. Kants Beharren auf der Unerkennbarkeit der ‚Dinge an sich‘ gewinnt hier seinen vollen anthropologischen Ernst. Der Autor Norbert Hinske ist Professor em. für Philosophie und Herausgeber des Kant-Index. Der Herausgeber Christoph Böhr ist ao. Professor für Philosophie an der Hochschule Heiligenkreuz / Wien und leitet dort die Forschungsstelle für Metaphysik.
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031056826
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 506 p. 245 illus., 21 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Pragmatics, Language and Cognition
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Grammar, Comparative and general—Morphology. ; Pragmatics. ; Logic. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Grammar, Comparative and general
    Abstract: Chapter 1 Stefan Kaufmann, David Over and Ghanshyam Sharma, Introduction -- Chapter 2 Dorothy Edgington, Counterfactuals, indeterminacy and probability -- Chapter 3 Igor Douven and Shira Elqayam, Inferentialism: Progress and open questions -- Chapter 4 Michał Sikorski, Re-thinking the acceptability and the probability of indicative conditionals -- Chapter 5 Niki Pfeifer, Logic and pragmatics of uncertain conditionals: a mental probability logical perspective -- Chapter 6 Paul Egré, Jan Sprenger and Lorenzo Rossi, Gibbardian collapse and trivalent conditionals -- Chapter 7 David Over and Nicole Cruz, The psychology of counterfactual reasoning -- Chapter 8 Fabrizio Cariani and Lace Rips, Experimenting with (conditional) perfection -- Chapter 9 Stefan Kaufmann, How fake is fake Past? -- Chapter 10 John Mackay, Should past-as-modal theorists also be past-as-past theorists? -- Chapter 11 Maribel Romero and Eva Csipak, Counterfactual biscuit conditionals: Competition in the tense and mood domain -- Chapter 12 Bridget Copley, The heterogeneity of conditional meaning comes from the heterogeneity of prejacent meaning and attachment -- Chapter 13 Liliane Haegeman, Revisiting the typology of conditional clauses -- Chapter 14 Ghanshyam Sharma, Towards a uniform typology of conditional clauses. .
    Abstract: This edited book examines conditionals from a number of interdisciplinary perspectives, drawing on research from fields as diverse as linguistics, psychology, philosophy and logic. Across 13 chapters, the authors not only investigate and examine various commonly-held perceptions about conditionals, but they also challenge many of the assumptions underpinning current conditionals scholarship, setting an agenda for future research. Based in part on the papers presented at a unique international summer school - Conditionals in Paris - this volume represents the cutting edge in the study of conditionals, and it will be of interest to scholars in fields including linguistics and psychology, semiotics, philosophy and logic, and artificial intelligence. Stefan Kaufmann is an Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University of Connecticut, USA. David Over is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Psychology of Durham University, UK. Ghanshyam Sharma is Professor of Hindi at INALCO, Paris, France. .
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031335297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 234 p. 10 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Knowledge, Theory of. ; Knowledge management. ; Logic. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Digital humanities. ; Library science.
    Abstract: 1. Serendipity Science - State of the Art -- 2. Organization and Management Theory -- 3. Information Sciences and the Super-Encountered -- 4. Serendipity in the Stacks -- 5. Serendipity and the Humanities -- 6. Serendipitous Science -- 7. The role of Serendipity in Culture and Place -- 8. Entrepreneurship -- 9. Creative Cognition -- 10. Philosophy and Scientific Serendipity -- 11. Serendipity and Ignorance Studies -- 12. Ethics of Innovation.
    Abstract: This volume brings together for the first time the diverse threads within the growing field of serendipity research, to reflect both on the origins of this emerging field within different disciplines as well as its increasing influence as its own field with foundational texts and emerging practices. The phenomenon of serendipity has been described in many ways since Horace Walpole initially coined the term in 1754 to categorize those discoveries that happen by “both accidents and sagacity”. This book offers a sampling of perspectives from experts in serendipity research from organizational studies, management theory, information science and library studies, psychology, literature, computer science, social science, ethics, and the history and philosophy of science. Considerations about the importance and role of serendipity are being raised now across science (both empirical and theoretical) as well as practice (from art and innovation to leadership and governance), with ever more eyes looking closer at its significance in human history and the likelihood it will play a key, while unpredictable, role in forming our future. Serendipity Science represents an emerging, and also important and potentially necessary field of study, if we are to deal well as a society with our complex times and uncertain future.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031246050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 390 p. 20 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 59
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Linguistics. ; Language and languages
    Abstract: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Motivations for an internalist semantics -- Chapter 2. Varieties of semantical anti-realism -- Chapter 3. Epistemic justifications as cognitive states -- Chapter 4. C-justifications for atomic sentences. Names and predicates, C-objects and C-concepts -- Chapter 5. C-justifications for logically complex sentences -- Chapter 6. C-truth-grounds -- Chapter 7. Internal truth and truth-recognition -- Chapter 8. Validity, assertion, inference, and transparency -- Chapter 9. Belief, synonymy, and the de dicto/de re distinction -- Chapter 10. Knowledge and Gettier problems -- Chapter 11. The paradox of knowability -- Chapter 12. Is there an anti-internalist argument in the Philosophical Investigations?
    Abstract: This volume develops a theory of meaning and a semantics for both mathematical and empirical sentences inspired to Chomsky’s internalism, namely to a view of semantics as the study of the relations of language not with external reality but with internal, or mental, reality. In the first part a theoretical notion of justification for a sentence A is defined, by induction on the complexity of A; intuitively, justifications are conceived as cognitive states of a particular kind. The main source of inspiration for this part is Heyting’s explanation of the intuitionistic meaning of logical constants. In the second part the theory is applied to the solution of several foundational problems in the theory of meaning and epistemology, such as Frege’s puzzle, Mates’ puzzle about synonymy, the paradox of analysis, Kripke’s puzzle about belief, the de re/de dicto distinction, the specific/non-specific distinction, Gettier’s problems, the paradox of knowability, and the characterization of truth. On a more general philosophical level, throughout the book the author develops a tight critique of the neo-verificationism of Dummett, Prawitz and Martin-Löf, and defends a mentalist interpretation of intuitionism.
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031407147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 460 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 480
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Computational linguistics.
    Abstract: Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I. Background: Propositional Classical Logic. 1. Background: Propositional Language -- 2. Background: Propositional Axiomatics -- 3. Background: Propositional Tableaus -- Part II. Propositional Modal Logic. 4. Modal Logic, an Introduction -- 5. Propositional Modal Logic -- 6. Propositional Modal Axiom Systems -- 7. Propositional Modal Tableaus -- Part III. First-Order Modal Logic. 8. Quantified Modal Logic -- 9. First-Order Modal Tableaus -- 10. First-Order Modal Axiomatics -- Part IV. Equality and Existence. 11. Equality -- 12. Existence -- Part V. Predicate Abstraction and Scope. 13. Predicate Abstraction, Informally -- 14. Predicate Abstraction, Formally -- 15. Tableaus for Predicate Abstraction -- 16. Tableau Soundness and Completeness. Part VI. Applications. 17. Equality and Predicate Abstraction -- 18. Designation -- 19. Rigidity -- 20. Definite Descriptions -- Afterward.
    Abstract: This revised edition of the highly recommended book "First-Order Modal Logic", originally published in 1998, contains both new and modified chapters reflecting the latest scientific developments. Fitting and Mendelsohn present a thorough treatment of first-order modal logic, together with some propositional background. They adopt throughout a threefold approach. Semantically, they use possible world models; the formal proof machinery is tableaus; and full philosophical discussions are provided of the way that technical developments bear on well-known philosophical problems. The book covers quantification itself, including the difference between actualist and possibilist quantifiers; equality, leading to a treatment of Frege's morning star/evening star puzzle; the notion of existence and the logical problems surrounding it; non-rigid constants and function symbols; predicate abstraction, which abstracts a predicate from a formula, in effect providing a scoping function for constants and function symbols, leading to a clarification of ambiguous readings at the heart of several philosophical problems; the distinction between nonexistence and nondesignation; and definite descriptions, borrowing from both Fregean and Russellian paradigms. Review of the First Edition: "This Text is an excellent and most useful volume. It is pitched correctly: the exercises are just right... It sets a high standard for anything following. It is to be highly recommended." (Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, 8:3).
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  • 20
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031202940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 282 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 469
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Mathematics—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Mathematics
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- Part I. The idea of epistemic grounding. 2. From models to evidence -- 3. Valid arguments and proofs -- 4. Prawitz’s theory of grounds -- Part II. Formal epistemic grounding. 5. Languages of grounding -- 6. Systems of grounding -- 7. Completeness and recognizability -- 8. Conclusion -- Bibliography.
    Abstract: This book presents an in-depth and critical reconstruction of Prawitz’s epistemic grounding, and discusses it within the broader field of proof-theoretic semantics. The theory of grounds is also provided with a formal framework, through which several relevant results are proved. Investigating Prawitz’s theory of grounds, this work answers one of the most fundamental questions in logic: why and how do some inferences have the epistemic power to compel us to accept their conclusion, if we have accepted their premises? Prawitz proposes an innovative description of inferential acts, as applications of constructive operations on grounds for the premises, yielding a ground for the conclusion. The book is divided into three parts. In the first, the author discusses the reasons that have led Prawitz to abandon his previous semantics of valid arguments and proofs. The second part presents Prawitz’s grounding as found in his ground-theoretic papers. Finally, in the third part, a formal apparatus is developed, consisting of a class of languages whose terms are equipped with denotation functions associating them to operations and grounds, as well as of a class of systems where important properties of the terms can be proved.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031252297
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIV, 255 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 470
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Linguistics. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: Part I: The Pragmatist Basis. 1. Pragmatism and Metaphysics: The General Background -- 2. Groundbreaking Principles -- 3. Semantic and Pragmatic Hints in Frege's Logical Theory -- Part II: Logical Constants. 4. Implying, Precluding, and Quantifying Over: Frege's Logical Expressivism -- 5. Lessons from Inferentialism and Invariantism -- 6. The Inference-Marker View of Logical Notions: What a Pragmatism Proposal Looks Like -- Part III: Further Applications of Propositional Priority. 7. Grue, Tonk, and Russell's Paradox: What Follows from the Principle of Propositional Priority? -- 8. Visual Arguments: What is at Issue in the Multimodality Debate? -- 9. Truth and Satisfaction: Frege Versus Tarski -- 10. Truth Ascriptions as Prosentences: Further Lessons of the Principle of Propositional Priority.
    Abstract: This monograph is a defence of the Fregean take on logic. The author argues that Frege´s projects, in logic and philosophy of language, are essentially connected and that the formalist shift produced by the work of Peano, Boole and Schroeder and continued by Hilbert and Tarski is completely alien to Frege's approach in the Begriffsschrift. A central thesis of the book is that judgeable contents, i.e. propositions, are the primary bearers of logical properties, which makes logic embedded in our conceptual system. This approach allows coherent and correct definitions of logical constants, logical consequence, and truth and connects their use to the practices of rational agents in science and everyday life.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783031150265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXII, 410 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 242
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    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy, Medieval. ; Semiotics. ; Logic. ; Metaphysics. ; Cognition. ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Joshua Hochschild INTRODUCTION -- Guido Alt [TOPIC: 14th C logic] -- Fabrizio Amerini -- Jacob Archambault [TOPIC: the relation of semantics, hermeneutics, and metaphysics] -- László Bene Plotinus’ Account of Time in the Treatise On the Genera of Being VI.1–3 -- István Bodnár -- Gábor Borbély Aquinas: perversor philosophiae suae [on De unitate intellectus] -- Laurent Cesalli -- Daniel De Haan -- Robert Dobie Truth and Person in Aquinas’s De Veritate -- Petr Dvořák [TOPIC: Klima’s theory of predication in Aquinas] -- Ariane Economos -- Ed Feser Truth as a Transcendental -- Giacomo Fornasieri Connotation vs. Denomination: Peter Auriol on Intentions & Intellectual Cognition -- John Haldane -- Peter Hartman [TOPIC: Buridan’s De Anima] -- Peter King [TOPIC: Abelard’s account of existential inference] -- Martin Klein [TOPIC: The semantics of metaphors and equivocal terms in Aquinas, Ockham and Burley] -- Heinrik Lagerlund.-Daniel Moloney [TOPIC: Anselm’s semantics and the Proslogion proof; revisiting Klima's “Anselm’s Proof”] -- Calvin Normore -- Claude Panaccio The Grammar of Ockham’s Mental Language -- Giorgio Pini Coloring or Parodying? Some Remarks on Duns Scotus’s Engagement with Anselm’s Proslogion Argument -- Peter Sobol -- Nevitt Turner Approaching Essences Logically: Some Puzzles in Aquinas -- David Twetten Locke and Aquinas as Alternatives to Semantic Essentialism -- Giovanni Ventimiglia “Est” and “Non (est)”: Between Transcendentals and Syncategoremata in the 13th Century -- Shane Wilkins Is Existence a First Order Property After All? -- Adam Wood [TOPIC: Aquinas and Buridan on intentionality] -- Jack Zupko [TOPIC: Buridan and skepticism -- BIBLIOGRAPHY of Gyula Klima’s Works.
    Abstract: “More than any other living scholar of medieval philosophy, Gyula Klima has influenced the way we read and understand philosophical texts by showing how the questions they ask can be placed in a modern context without loss or distortion. The key to his approach is a respect for medieval authors coupled with a commitment to regarding their texts as a genuine source of insight on questions in metaphysics, theology, psychology, logic, and the philosophy of language—as opposed to assimilating what they say to modern doctrines, or using medieval discussions as a foil for ‘new and improved’ conceptual schemes.” Jack Zupko, University of Alberta “Gyula Klima is widely recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on thirteenth and fourteenth-century Latin philosophy, with his own, distinctive analytic approach, which brings out both the similarities and differences between medieval and contemporary logic and semantics.” John Marenbon, Trinity College, University of Cambridge “Gyula Klima has been a towering figure in the field of medieval philosophy for decades. His influence comprises not only the scholarly results of his work, but also intense and generous mentorship of students and junior colleagues. This volume is a perfect reflection of the esteem that he enjoys around the world, collecting excellent pieces by established as well as up-and-coming scholars of medieval philosophy.” Catarina Dutilh Novaes, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam “For four decades now, Gyula Klima has been setting the standard among medievalists for philosophical sophistication and historical rigor. This collection of wide-ranging studies from leading scholars in the field offers a worthy tribute to that legacy.” Robert Pasnau, University of Colorado Boulder Gyula Klima is Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, and Senior Research Fellow, Consultant, and the Director of Institute for the History of Ideas of the Hungarian Research Institute in Budapest. In 2022, the President of Hungary awarded him the Knight’s Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit, “in recognition of his outstanding academic career, significant research work and exemplary leadership.” In this volume, colleagues, collaborators, and students celebrate Klima’s project with new essays on Plotinus, Anselm, Aquinas, Buridan, Ockham and others, exploring specific questions in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and logic. No contemporary surpasses Kripke and Klima in semantics and metaphysics, but only Gyula Klima’s thought ranges flawlessly over classical philosophy as well. The volume is a fitting tribute to the master. David Twetten, Marquette University.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031261473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVI, 160 p. 4 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 238
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    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Phenomenology . ; Logic. ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Introduction -- Chapter 1. The Refutation of Pychologism -- Chapter 2. Ontological Dualism : The Real and the Ideal -- Chapter 3. Our Consciousness of Time -- Chapter 4. The Phenomenological Reduction and the Transformation of Phenomenology -- Chapter 5. Others -- Chapter 6. Embodiment -- Chapter 7. Morality and Beyond.
    Abstract: This text examines the many transformations in Husserl’s phenomenology that his discoveries of the nature of appearing lead to. It offers a comprehensive look at the Logical Investigations’ delimitation of the phenomenological field, and continues with Husserl’s account of our consciousness of time. This volume examines Husserl’s turn to transcendental idealism and the problems this raises for our recognition of other subjects. It details Husserl’s account of embodiment and takes largely from his manuscripts, both published and unpublished, dealing with his theory of instincts, his considerations of mortality and the teleological character of our existence. This book appeals to students and researchers and presents a genetic account of our selfhood, one that unifies Husserl’s different claims about who and what we are.
    URL: Cover
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031289088
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 299 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 33
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    Keywords: Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Language and languages
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: 20 Years of Experimental Philosophy of Language (David Bordonaba-Plou) -- Part 1. The Experimental Philosophy of Language Methodology -- 2. A Bibliometric Analysis of Experimental Philosophy of Language (Javier Osorio-Mancilla) -- 3. Experimental Philosophy and Ordinary Language Philosophy (Masaharu Mizumoto) -- 4. Does Scientific Conceptual Analysis Provide Better Justification than Armchair Conceptual Analysis? (Hristo Valchev) -- 5. Distributional Theories of Meaning: Experimental Philosophy of Language (Jumbly Grindrod) -- Part 2. Experimental Philosophy of Language and Corpus Methods -- 6. Are Moral Predicates Subjective? A Corpus Study (Isidora Stojanovic and Louise McNally) -- 7. Linguistic Corpora and Ordinary Language: On the Dispute between Ryle and Austin about the Use of ‘Voluntary’, ‘Involuntary’, ‘Voluntarily’, and ‘Involuntarily’ (Michael Zahorec, Robert Bishop, Nat Hansen, John Schwenkler and Justin Sytsma) -- 8. Light in Assessing Color Quality: An Arabic-Spanish Cross-Linguistic Study (David Bordonaba-Plou and Laila M. Jreis-Navarro) -- Part 3. Politically-Engaged Experimental Philosophy of Language -- 9. Experimentally-Informed Philosophy of Hate Speech (Bianca Cepollaro) -- 10. Slurs in the Rio de la Plata (Ana C. Polakof) -- 11. Who Has a Free Speech Problem? Motivated Censorship across the Ideological Divide? (Manuel Almagro-Holgado, Ivar A. Rodríguez and Neftalí Villanueva) -- Part 4. Experimental Philosophy of Language and Psychology -- 12. How Understanding Shapes Reasoning: Experimental Argument Analysis with Methods from Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics (Eugen Fischer and Aurélie Herbelot) -- 13. From Infants to Great Apes: False Belief Attribution and Primitivism about Truth (Joseph Ulatowski and Jeremy Wyatt).
    Abstract: This book presents the current state of experimental philosophy of language, drawing attention to corpus methods. The volume highlights new trends in experimental philosophy of language, thus exploring the future’s discipline. It includes cross-linguistics studies that reveal the differences and similarities in how speakers of different languages use specific terms, and scrutinizes methodological advances used in experimental philosophy of language. The book also includes politically engaged experimental philosophy of language studies focusing on slurs, pejoratives, and hate speech. The topic’s interdisciplinary nature makes the volume of interest to a broad range of scholars across disciplines including philosophy, linguistics, philology, psychology, and computational linguistics.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031391132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 243 p. 24 illus., 18 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 68
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Social sciences ; Cognitive psychology.
    Abstract: 1. Making Collective Practices into Psychological Facts: the Russian Psychology Model -- 2. Deep Learning Opacity, and the Ethical Accountability of AI Systems. A New Perspective -- 3. The Human Condition at the Crossroads of Biology, Economy, and Ethics -- 4. Inferring Reasons, Internal and External Reasons in Practical Cognition -- 5. Ethical Issues Related to the Predominant Weltbild: The Pythagorean vs. the post-Einstein Age -- 6. Collective Intentionality and the Transformation of Meaning -- 7. During the Contemporary Rituals of Birth -- 8. Habits, Motor Representations and Practical Modes of Presentation -- 9. Russian dacha as a social practice in the crisis times -- 10. About the relationship between ethics and the economy in Aristotle -- 11. Habitual Behavior: Reduction of Complexity of Human Daily Life.
    Abstract: This book reports on cutting-edge research concerning social practices. Merging perspectives from various disciplines, including philosophy, biology, psychology and cognitive science, and economy, it discusses theoretical aspects of social behavior along with models to investigate them, and presenting key case studies as well. Further, it describes concepts related to habits, routines, and rituals and examines important features of human action, such as intentionality and choice, exploring the influence of specific social practices in different situations. Based on a workshop held on April 2022 at the World Congress on Universal Logic (UNILOG 22), in Crete, and including additional invited chapters, the book offers fresh insights into the fields of social practice and the cognitive, computational, and philosophical tools to understand them.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030988029
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 113 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Logic. ; Science—History. ; Mathematics. ; History.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The Foundations of Fabri’s Modal Logic -- Chapter 3. Fabri’s Logic of Composite Modals -- Chapter 4. Model-theoretic Reconstruction of Fabri’s Logic of Composite Modals -- Chapter 5. Fabri’s Logic of Composite Modals in its Historical Context -- Chapter 6. Fabri’s Logic of Divided Modals -- Chapter 7. Fabri’s Logic of Divided Modals in its Historical Context -- Chapter 8. Conclusion -- Appendix I: Transcription of Fabri’s Questions on De int. 12-13 -- Appendix II: Formal Proofs -- Index.
    Abstract: The first book-length study to address issues in modal logic at the eve of the Renaissance, this monograph provides important new insights into the way the debates on modal logic during the post-medieval period tied in with the so-called Wegestreit, the divide between the via antiqua and via moderna that dominated the discourse on logic during the 15th and early 16th centuries. The focus of the book is on the logic and philosophy of language of John Fabri of Valenciennes (fl. c. 1500), one of the last exponents of the terminist approach to logic that was bitterly criticized by the humanist movement. By means of a careful reconstruction of Fabri’s text, the book argues that Fabri's modal logic ultimately goes back to the work of John Buridan, and represents the same approach to the topic as the modal logics that were developed by adherents of the via moderna in Paris. This has significant implications for the historiography of post-medieval philosophy. Fabri was active in Louvain, which until the late 16th century was the most important intellectual center in the Low Countries. According to a long-standing tradition in the scholarship, Louvain was one of the few bulwarks of via antiqua logic on the map of post-medieval Europe. The book argues that this thesis is at least in part a scholarly fiction, and thus in need of revision. By shedding light on an author whose thought has thus far remained entirely unstudied, it also constitutes a valuable step towards a history of philosophy without any gaps. The book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in the history of logic and philosophy, but will also be of interest to intellectual historians, historians of ideas, and to any contemporary modal logician who is interested in the historical roots of their discipline.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030946241
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 189 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 458
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Biotechnology.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Logic and the Liar Paradox -- Chapter 2. Graham Priest and Dialetheism -- Chapter 3. How to Solve Priest’s Paradoxes Without Sacrificing Classical Logic -- Chapter 4. Dialetheism and the Laws of Logic -- Chapter 5. Dialetheism, Rejection, and Curry’s Paradox -- Chapter 6. Dialetheism, Rejection, and Probability Theory -- Chapter 7. Hartry Field and Paracompleteness -- Chapter 8. How to Solve the Liar Paradox Without Sacrificing Classical Logic -- Index.
    Abstract: This book offers a defense against non-classical approaches to the paradoxes. The author argues that, despite appearances, the paradoxes give no reason at all to reject classical logic. In fact, he believes classical solutions fare better than non-classical ones with respect to key tests like Curry’s Paradox, a Liar-like paradox that dialetheists are forced to solve in a way totally disjoint from their solution to the Liar. Graham Priest’s In Contradiction was the first major work that advocated the use of non-classical approaches. Since then, these views have moved into the philosophical mainstream. Much of this movement is fueled by a widespread sense that these logically heterodox solutions get to the real nub of the issue. They lack the ad hoc feel of many other solutions to the paradoxes. The author believes that it's long past time for a response to these attacks against classical orthodoxy. He presents a non-logically-revisionary solution to the paradoxes. This title offers a literal way of cashing out the disquotation metaphor. While the details of the view are novel, the idea has a pre-history in the relevant literature. The author examines objections in detail. He rejects each in turn and concludes by comparing the virtues of his logically orthodox approach with those of the paraconsistent and paracomplete competition.
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030926557
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 189 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 456
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    Keywords: Ethics. ; Logic. ; Microeconomics. ; Computer simulation.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: The Problem of Responsibility Voids -- 2. Games and Agency -- 3. Collective Obligations, Group Plans, and Individual Actions -- 4. Guilty Minds and Collective Know-how -- 5. Joint Action, Participatory Intentions, and Team Reasoning -- 6. Practical Reasoning and Cooperation -- 7. Conclusion: The Conditions for Responsibility Voids and Gaps.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the problem of responsibility voids: these are cases where responsibility for a morally undesirable outcome cannot be attributed to any of the involved agents. Responsibility voids are thought to occur in collective decision-making and in the context of artificial intelligent systems. In these cases, philosophers worry that there is a shortfall of moral responsibility. In particular, such voids are often assumed to justify a notion of collective responsibility that cannot be reduced to individual responsibility. One of the aims of the book is to study how collective responsibility and joint action relate to individual responsibility and individual actions. The book offers a unifying framework for modelling moral responsibility by drawing from modal logic and game theory. The book investigates the possibility and scope of the problem of responsibility voids. One of its characteristics is its pluralistic perspective on moral responsibility: in contrast to giving a unique and all-encompassing definition of it, the book makes progress by spelling out and modelling several conceptions of moral responsibility. One of the appealing features of the book is that a relatively small range of models is used to investigate a variety of conceptions of moral responsibility. The unifying framework can thus be used to characterize the conditions under which responsibility voids are ruled out. .
    URL: Cover
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9783030700843
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 433 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning Volume 23
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law. ; Political science. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Computer logic. ; Computers. ; Law and legislation. ; Logic design.
    Abstract: Part 1. Historic Roots -- 1. What is to have Knowledge of Roman Legal Methods and Reasoning? (Geoffrey Samuel) -- 2. The Use of Logic for Creating Fact Patterns in Roman Legal Writings (Markus Winkler) -- 3. A Logical Framework for The Islamic Law (Mohammad Ardeshir & Fatemeh Nabavi) -- 4. The Formal Evolution of Islamic Juridical Dialectic: a Brief Glimpse (Walter Edward Young) -- 5. Independent Reasoning in Law: The Jewish Tradition (Joseph E. David) -- Part 2. Contemporary Law -- 6. Rethinking Interpretative Arguments (Hális Alves do Nascimento França) -- 7. A Logic for the Interpretation of Private International Law (Alessandra Malerba, Antonino Rotolob, and Guido Governatori) -- 8. A Formal Model for Analogies in Civil Law Reasoning (Matthias Armgardt) -- 9. Approaching an Analysis of Reasoning by Analogy (Hans Christian Nordtveit Kvernenes) -- 10. Elements for a Dialogical Approach on Parallel Reasoning. A Case Study of Spanish Civil Law (Maria Dolors Martínez -Cazalla; Tania Menéndez-Martín) -- 11. Abductive Inference in Legal Reasoning: Resolving the Question of Res Ipsa Loquitur’s Procedural Effect (Douglas Lind) -- Part 3. Deontic Logic, Legal Reasoning, Normativity) -- 12. Common Law Precedent and the Logic of Reasons (Federico L.G. Faroldi) -- 13. Reasoning with Rules and Rights: Term-Modal Deontic Logic (Stef Frijters & Joke Meheus; Frederik Van De Putte„) -- 14. Dyadic Deontic Logic in HOL: Faithful Embedding and Meta-Theoretical Experiments (Christoph Benzmüller, Ali Farjami, and Xavier Parent) -- 15. On the Role of Past Treatment of Terms From Written Laws in Legal Reasoning (Jaromir Savelka; Kevin D. Ashley) -- 16. Jørgensen’s Dilemma in the interface between Legal Positivism and the Natural Law tradition (Juliele Maria Sievers) -- 17. Coping with inconsistencies in legal reasoning (Max Urchs).
    Abstract: This book intends to unite studies in different fields related to the development of the relations between logic, law and legal reasoning. Combining historical and philosophical studies on legal reasoning in Civil and Common Law, and on the often neglected Arabic and Talmudic traditions of jurisprudence, this project unites these areas with recent technical developments in computer science. This combination has resulted in renewed interest in deontic logic and logic of norms that stems from the interaction between artificial intelligence and law and their applications to these areas of logic. The book also aims to motivate and launch a more intense interaction between the historical and philosophical work of Arabic, Talmudic and European jurisprudence. The publication discusses new insights in the interaction between logic and law, and more precisely the study of different answers to the question: what role does logic play in legal reasoning? Varying perspectives include that of foundational studies (such as logical principles and frameworks) to applications, and historical perspectives.
    URL: Cover
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783030673963
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(V, 492 p. 2 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Palgrave Philosophy Today
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic.
    Abstract: 1. What Logic Studies -- 2. Concepts of Deductive Reasoning -- 3. Formal Logic of Sentences, Sentential Logic (also called Sentential Logic and Statement Logic) -- 4. Sentential Logic Languages ∑ -- 5. Formal Predicate Logic (also called First-Order Logic) ∏ -- 6. Translations from English into ∏πφ= (also called Symbolizations, Formalizations) -- 7. Semantic Models for ∏: ∏⧉ -- 8. Proof-Theoretical System for Predicate Logic: ∏πφ= -- 9. Definite Descriptions: ∏πφ=⍳ -- 10. Basics of Set Theory.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the essential elements of standard (classical) symbolic logic. Key topics covered include: · The characteristic nature and scope of logic as a discipline · The construction of a series of distinctly named formal languages suitable for formal translation · Semantic models · The construction of decision procedures · The execution of proof-theoretic arrangements like natural deduction and proof-sequent systems The book covers both the semantics and proof theory of the standard sentential (propositional) logic and predicate (first-order) logic. Other topics covered include: parsing trees, extraction of alternative notations (for instance, Polish notation), Fitch-style proof-theory, sequent and ‘tree’ proof systems, comparisons and contrasts with intuitionistic logic, and presentations of predicate logic models. An ancillary chapter on elements of set theory is conveniently placed at the end and includes insights into the Zermelo-Fraenkel systematization of set theory. The philosophy of logic is also explored. Exercises in the text provide instruction on mathematical induction for the construction of formula, tests for the well-formedness of Polish notation, and functional completeness. Symbolic Logic is essential reading for all philosophy students taking intermediate level formal logic courses and will also appeal to diligent first year students of logic. The text is replete with exercises on both the formal machinery and the philosophical aspects of logic.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030875480
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 157 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 444
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Part I of On the Logic of Modalities -- 3. Part II of On the Logic of Modalities -- 4. Oskar Becker -- 5. Appendix -- References -- Index.
    Abstract: This book offers the first-ever English translation of Oskar Becker’s Zur Logik der Modalitäten. This essay, published in 1930, is a pioneering yet often neglected contribution in the context of prewar modal logic research in Europe. Becker’s text is complemented by an extended commentary that explains, analyzes and highlights Becker’s accomplishments and the philosophical background of his investigations. The commentary provides an in-depth analysis of all of Becker's important contributions, both from a philosophical and logical perspective, making it a very useful book for scholars in both philosophy and logic.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9783030907495
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 259 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 454
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Analysis (Philosophy). ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Ethics. ; Logic. ; Computer science. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Editors’ Introduction -- Part I. Branching Time, Causation, and Agency. 1. Time and Actual Obligations (Mark A. Brown) -- 2. Actual Cause and Chancy Causation in ‘Stit’: a Preliminary Account (Marek Sergot) -- Part II. The Nature of Norms & Obligations. 3. Deontic Logic and the Propositional Nature of Norms (Pablo E. Navarro, Jorge L. Rodríguez) -- 4. Imperative Foundations for the Metaphysics of Obligation (Peter B. M. Vranas) -- Part III. Varieties and Applications of Normative Logic. 5. The Logic of “Must” and “Have to” (Sven Ove Hansson) -- 6 On the Role of Normative Modalities in the Characterization of Emotions (Andrew J I Jones) -- 7. A Natural Conditionalization of the DWE Framework (Paul McNamara) -- Part IV. History of Deontic Logic. 8. Ibn Ḥazm on Heteronomous Imperatives. A Landmark in the History of the Logical Analysis of Norms (Shahid Rahman, Farid Zidani, Walter Edward Young) -- Part V. Inquiry and Inference. 9. Hilpinen’s Theory of Inquiry (Erik J. Olsson) -- 10. Practical Inferences (Hille Paakkunainen) -- Part VI. Artifacts. 11. Artwork Authorship As a Sign-in-action (Joao Queiroz and Pedro Atã) -- 12. The Primacy of Abstract Artifacts (Maria Elisabeth Reicher) -- About Risto Hilpinen.
    Abstract: The book contains a collection of chapters written by experts from the fields of philosophy, law, logic, computer science and artificial intelligence who pay tribute to Professor Risto Hilpinen's impressive work on the logic of induction, on deontic logic and epistemology, and on philosophy of science. In addition to an introduction by the editors, a section on Professor Hilpinen’s positions, professional services and honors, as well as a complete bibliography of his writings, the editors, McNamara, Jones and Brown, have compiled a multidisciplinary global cross-section of academic contemporaries that provides insights and perspectives on Hilpinen's influence and legacy. The essays reflect central aspects of Risto Hilpinen's research interests, and offer further contributions to some of the philosophical fields for which he is best known: applied modal logic, including deontic logic (from the ancient Greek δέον déon, pertaining to the concepts of duty and obligation), the semantics of normative language, the logic of action, and the theory of practical reasoning; the analysis of the concept of artifact; and the theory of semiotics in the tradition of Charles Peirce. The presence in the collection of several papers relating to deontic logic underlines Hilpinen's importance in that area, in which his publications have long been recognized as standard works. The book is an essential collection of ideas for all those who feel at home in a variety of formal disciplines, from propositional logic to the logic of artificial intelligence.
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  • 33
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030855178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 226 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 442
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Ontology. ; Logic.
    Abstract: Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Part I. Time. 1. "Thank Goodness that’s Over” Revisited -- 2. Experience and Time -- 3. Max Black and Backward Causation -- 4. Dummett on Reasons to Act and Bringing about the Past -- 5. Dummett on McTaggart’s Proof of the Unreality of Time -- 6. A Note on the Grandfather Paradox -- 7. Bulletproof Grandfathers, David Lewis, and ‘Can’t’-Judgements -- 8. A Dilemma for Eternalists -- Part II. Identity. 9. Identity and Extrinsicness -- 10. Best Candidate Theories and Identity -- 11 PossibleWorlds and Identity -- 12. Vague Identity and Vague Objects -- 13. More on Rigidity and Scope -- 14. Enduring Endurantism -- 15. Identity of Truth-Conditions -- Part III. The Self. 16. Some Notes on Animalism -- 17. Persons and Human Beings -- 18. The Story of ‘I’: Comments on Rudder-Baker’s Constitution View of Persons -- 19. Personal Identity and Extrinsicness -- 20. Personal Identity and Reductionism -- 21. Bermúdez on Self-Consciousness -- 22. Anscombe on ‘I’ -- 23. Wittgenstein on the First-Person -- 24. Persons and Values -- Part IV. Afterthoughts. 25. About Time -- 26. Affecting the Past -- 27. Of Identity -- 28. On Personal Identity -- Index.
    Abstract: This volume contains twenty-four essays by the British/Australian analytic metaphysician, Brian Garrett. These essays are followed by four short dialogues that emphasize and summarize some of the main points of the essays and discuss new perspectives that have emerged since their original publication. The volume covers topics on the metaphysics of time, the nature of identity, and the nature and importance of persons and human beings. The chapters constitute the fruits of almost four decades of philosophical research, from Brian’s two award-winning essays, published in Analysis in 1983 and The Philosophical Quarterly in 1992, to his latest ideas about Fatalism and the Grandfather Paradox. This book will be of interest to students and professional philosophers in the field of analytic philosophy.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783030971748
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 128 p. 13 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style. ; Rhetoric. ; Critical Thinking. ; Philosophy—History. ; Logic.
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Error, Mistake, and Fallacy in Philosophizing -- Chapter 2: Classifying Philosophical Fallacies -- Chapter 3: Illustrating Philosophical Fallacies -- Chapter 4: The Fallacy of Respect Neglect -- Chapter 5: Fallacies Regarding Free Will -- Chapter 6: Totalization Fallacies -- Chapter 7: The Significance of Philosophical Fallacies.
    Abstract: This book examines the nature, sources, and implications of fallacies in philosophical reasoning. In doing so, it illustrates and evaluates various historical instances of this phenomenon. There is widespread interest in the practice and products of philosophizing, yet the important issue of fallacious reasoning in these matters has been effectively untouched. Nicholas Rescher fills this gap by presenting a systematic account of the principal ways in which philosophizing can go astray. Nicholas Rescher is Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, USA. In a productive research career extending over six decades, he has well over one hundred books to his credit, including Ethics Matters (2021), Philosophical Clarifications (2019) and Value Reasoning (2017). .
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030933296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 156 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Discoverability Explained: Optimizing the Eco-Cognitive Situatedness -- 2. Curing Eco-Cognitive Situatedness: Diagnosticability, Affordances, Abduction -- 3. Eco-Cognitive Openness and Eco-Cognitive Closure: Locking or Unlocking Strategies? “Knowledge in Motion” Defended -- 4. Jeopardizing Discoverability Epistemic Irresponsibility: Human Creative Abduction Attacked -- 5. The Future of Eco-Cognitive Settings Computationally or Humanly Tailored? -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The book analyses the concept of discoverability, and some current epistemological problems related to it, with a special attention to science. It shows that discoverability is closely related to the sustainability of human creativity in an "eco-cognitive" perspective. Advocating the need of an integral ecology and leveraging the important concept of abduction, it demonstrates that an ecology of human creativity should have priority over other needs, i.e that the first ecological duty is to protect and sustain discoverability. Enhancing discoverability will protect human creativity, and it is exactly human creativity, a form of innovative abductive cognition, that can promote the implementation of the other kinds of ecology. The author guides readers through a comprehensive discussion on the concept of discoverability, eco-cognitive situatedness, and eco-cognitive openness and closure alike. By describing some key real-world examples, he highlights the main challenges that are currently posed to human creativity and epistemic integrity. He also describes future eco-cognitive settings, discussing the problem of overcomputationalism and suggesting a reinterpretation of the role of human knowledge. Overall, this book fills an important gap in the literature on the nexus abduction – creativity – discovery, offering a source of inspiration to philosophers, epistemologists, and cognitive scientists. Yet, it also addresses researchers in other disciplines interested in the problems of scientific discovery and epistemic integrity of research.
    URL: Cover
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Delhi : Spinger Nature India
    ISBN: 9788132225775
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(220 illus., 9 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Computer science. ; Indische Philosophie ; Logik
    Abstract: Early Nyāya Logic: Pragmatic Aspects -- Early Nyāya Logic: Rhetorical Aspects -- Later Nyāya Logic: Computational Aspects -- Later Nyāya Logic: Formal Aspects -- Buddhist Logic: Sample Texts -- General Introduction to Buddhist Logic -- Introduction to Buddhist Logicians and Their Texts -- Some Issues in Buddhist Logic -- General Introduction to Logic in Jainism with List of Logicians and Their Texts -- Logic of Syād-vāda -- Logical Argument in Vidyānandin’s Satya-śāsana-parīkṣā -- The Opponent: Jain logicians Reacting to Dharmakīrti’s Theory of Inference -- Convergence and Divergence of Nyaya and Tatvavada (Dvaita) Theories of Logic -- Dependency of Inference on Perception and Verbal Testimony.
    Abstract: This collection of articles is unique in the way it approaches established material on the various logical traditions in India. Instead of classifying these traditions within Schools as is the usual approach, the material here is classified into sections based on themes ranging from Fundamentals of ancient logical traditions to logic in contemporary mathematics and computer science. This collection offers not only an introduction to the key themes in different logical traditions such as Nyaya, Buddhist and Jaina, it also highlights certain unique characteristics of these traditions as well as contribute new material in the relationship of logic to aesthetics, linguistics, Kashmir Saivism as well as the forgotten Tamil contribution to logic.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031193170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(V, 103 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Style. ; Rhetoric. ; Logic. ; Culture—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: Introduction: Of Place and Time -- Place as Argument -- Argumentation and the Challenge of Time: Perelman, Temporality, and the Future of Argument -- An Early Renaissance Altarpiece by Domenico Veneziano: A Case of Visual Argumentation? -- On the Puzzling Death of the Sanctity-of-Life Argument -- Place, Image and Argument: The Physical and Nonphysical Dimensions of a Collective Ethos -- Arguing Terror.
    Abstract: This book introduces the principles of place and time by discussing the main roles they play in argumentation, unpacking the multifarious meanings of spatiality and temporality. Definitions of kairos are explored to yield suggestions as to how this concept, and that of ‘place’, can operate in argumentation. The chapters explore various related concepts such as the role of different arguments in different places, and how some places are not intended for argument; argumentation, time and temporality; visual argumentation; the effect of the passage of time on argument evaluation; and the image as a site of discursive production. This collection is of interest to students and researchers in argumentation studies, rhetoric, reasoning, and philosophy. Previously published as a Special Issue in the journal: Argumentation "Special Issue Title: Of Place and Time" .
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031056710
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 342 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 465
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Universal algebra. ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: Preface -- 1) Introduction -- 2) Ernst Schröder's "Lehrbuch der Arithmetik und Algebra für Lehrer und Studirende" (1873) -- 3) Ernst Schröder's booklet "Der Operationskreis des Logikkalkuls (1877) -- 4) Ernst Schröder “Note über den Operationskreis des Logikcalculs” (1877) -- Bibliography -- Name/Subject Index .
    Abstract: This volume offers English translations of three early works by Ernst Schröder (1841-1902), a mathematician and logician whose philosophical ruminations and pathbreaking contributions to algebraic logic attracted the admiration and ire of figures such as Dedekind, Frege, Husserl, and C. S. Peirce. Today he still engages the sympathetic interest of logicians and philosophers. The works translated record Schröder’s journey out of algebra into algebraic logic and document his transformation of George Boole’s opaque and unwieldy logical calculus into what we now recognize as Boolean algebra. Readers interested in algebraic logic and abstract algebra can look forward to a tour of the early history of those fields with a guide who was exceptionally thorough, unfailingly honest, and deeply reflective.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031115387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 74 p. 56 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—History. ; Logic. ; Algebraic geometry. ; Computer arithmetic and logic units. ; Historiography. ; History—Methodology.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Euclidean Background -- 2. The Main Figures: From Recorde to Wallis and Barrow -- 3. Some Lesser-known Figures -- 4. Summary and Concluding Remarks -- 5. References.
    Abstract: This book discusses the changing conceptions about the relationship between geometry and arithmetic within the Euclidean tradition that developed in the British context of the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Its focus is on Book II of the Elements and the ways in which algebraic symbolism and methods, especially as recently introduced by François Viète and his followers, took center stage as mediators between the two realms, and thus offered new avenues to work out that relationship in idiosyncratic ways not found in earlier editions of the Euclidean text. Texts examined include Robert Recorde's Pathway to Knowledge (1551), Henry Billingsley’s first English translation of the Elements (1570), Clavis Mathematicae by William Oughtred and Artis Analyticae Praxis by Thomas Harriot (both published in 1631), Isaac Barrow’s versions of the Elements (1660), and John Wallis Treatise of Algebra (1685), and the English translations of Claude Dechales’ French Euclidean Elements (1685). This book offers a completely new perspective of the topic and analyzes mostly unexplored material. It will be of interest to historians of mathematics, mathematicians with an interest in history and historians of renaissance science in general.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031147944
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 109 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Phenomenology . ; Logic.
    Abstract: 1. Preface -- 2. Scaling the First Slopes: The Nachlass of Wall -- 3. Scaling the Next Slopes: From Adesse to Fülle -- 4. Scaling the Final Mountain: Four Box-Canyons -- 5. At the Summit: Definitions and Something Else -- 6. An Interlude: Along Stein’s Way -- 7. At the Summit Waystation: No More Box-Canyons.
    Abstract: Using both Father Kevin Wall’s eidetic matrix of “the relational unity of being” and Edith Stein’s remarkable synoptic view of intentionality in both Aquinas and Husserl, this book uncovers purely logical ground for a subalternate eidetic science called "convergent phenomenology," itself located at the inmost depths of Husserlian phenomenology. Convergent phenomenology emerges as a distinctively new discipline dealing with relation-like objectivity as opposed to the thing-like objectivity of traditional phenomenology. This has grand implications for the way we as humans conceive of God and being. The book thus benefits theologians, logicians, and phenomenologists by revealing the constitutive interrelationality of transcendental logic in an utterly new light as already flowering forth into formal ontology itself. What emerges is a rich conception of divinity and humanity.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031085970
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 526 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 467
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Knowledge, Theory of. ; Mathematical logic. ; Logic.
    Abstract: Part I. Epistemic Proceduralism. Chapter 1. Epistemic Proceduralism Stated -- Chapter 2. Epistemic Proceduralism Defended I -- Chapter 3. Epistemic Proceduralism Defended II -- Part II. Developing PLEN. Chapter 4. PLEN: A Protocol-theoretic Logic of Epistemic Norms -- Chapter 5. The Revised PLEN Framework I: Protocol Equivalence (Useful Lemmata) -- Chapter 6. The Revised PLEN Framework II: Protocol Equivalence (Core Results) -- Chapter 7. The Revised PLEN Framework III: An Adaptable Protocol Logic -- Part III. Applying PLEN. Chapter 8. Philosophical Results I: A Protocol-theoretic Logic of Epistemic Deontics, Procedural Knowledge, and Norm Application -- Chapter 9. Philosophical Results II: Representation Theorems and Rule-Following -- Chapter 10. Philosophical Results III: Formalizing Epistemic Proceduralism.
    Abstract: This book defines a logical system called the Protocol-theoretic Logic of Epistemic Norms (PLEN), it develops PLEN into a formal framework for representing and reasoning about epistemic norms, and it shows that PLEN is theoretically interesting and useful with regard to the aims of such a framework. In order to motivate the project, the author defends an account of epistemic norms called epistemic proceduralism. The core of this view is the idea that, in virtue of their indispensable, regulative role in cognitive life, epistemic norms are closely intertwined with procedural rules that restrict epistemic actions, procedures, and processes. The resulting organizing principle of the book is that epistemic norms are protocols for epistemic planning and control. The core of the book is developing PLEN, which is essentially a novel variant of propositional dynamic logic (PDL) distinguished by more or less elaborate revisions of PDL’s syntax and semantics. The syntax encodes the procedural content of epistemic norms by means of the well-known protocol or program constructions of dynamic and epistemic logics. It then provides a novel language of operators on protocols, including a range of unique protocol equivalence relations, syntactic operations on protocols, and various procedural relations among protocols in addition to the standard dynamic (modal) operators of PDL. The semantics of the system then interprets protocol expressions and expressions embedding protocols over a class of directed multigraph-like structures rather than the standard labeled transition systems or modal frames. The intent of the system is to better represent epistemic dynamics, build a logic of protocols atop it, and then show that the resulting logic of protocols is useful as a logical framework for epistemic norms. The resulting theory of epistemic norms centers on notions of norm equivalence derived from theories of process equivalence familiar from the study of dynamic and modal logics. The canonical account of protocol equivalence in PLEN turns out to possess a number of interesting formal features, including satisfaction of important conditions on hyperintensional equivalence, a matter of recently recognized importance in the logic of norms, generally. To show that the system is interesting and useful as a framework for representing and reasoning about epistemic norms, the author applies the logical system to the analysis of epistemic deontic operators, and, partly on the basis of this, establishes representation theorems linking protocols to the action-guiding content of epistemic norms. The protocol-theoretic logic of epistemic norms is then shown to almost immediately validate the main principles of epistemic proceduralism.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030785024
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 80 p. 48 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematics—Philosophy. ; Financial risk management.
    Abstract: 1. Choice and Risk -- 2. Chance and Likelihood -- 3. Outcome-Yield Evaluation and Risk -- 4. Abnormal Situations and Eccentric Measurements -- 5. Situational Evaluation and Expectation -- 6. Uncertainty -- 7. Risk Assessment -- 8. Comparing Chancy Situations via Risk and Promise -- 9. Managing Risk and Uncertainty -- 10. The Social Aspect of Risk -- Appendix 1. Pearl Harbor in the Light of Rational Decision -- Appendix 2. Lessons of the Prisoner’s Dilemma.
    Abstract: Apart from its foray into technical issues of risk assessment and management, this book has one principal aim. With situations of chancy outcomes certain key factors—including outcome possibilities, overall expectation, threat, and even luck—are measurable parameters. But risk is something different: it is not measurable a single parametric quantity, but a many-sided factor that has several different components, and constitutes a complex phenomenon that must be assessed judgmentally in a highly contextualized way. This book explains and analyzes how this works out in practice. Topics in this work include choice and risk, chance and likelihood, as well as outcome-yield evaluation and risk. It takes into account abnormal situations and eccentric measurements, situational evaluation and expectation and scrutinizes the social aspect of risk. The book is of interest to logicians, philosophers of mathematics, and researchers of risk assessment. The project is a companion piece to the author's LUCK THEORY, also published by Springer.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031056291
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 212 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Philosophy, Medieval. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction (Saloua Chatti) -- Part 1. Logic and Mathematics -- 2. The Hypothetical Logic in the Arabic Tradition (Saloua Chatti) -- 3. Mullā Sadrā Shīrāzī and the Meta-Theory of Logic (Sayeh Meisami) -- 4. Algorithms in Takmilat al-‛Uyūn of al-Iṣfahāni: Sources and Validation (Nacéra Bensaou) -- Part 2. Metaphysics, Ethics and Aesthetics -- 5. Some Observations on Prudence (gr. Φρόνησις, ar. ta‘aqqul) in Book VI of Averroes’ Middle Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics (Frédérique Woerther) -- 6. Ethics and Aesthetics: Theorizing Simile in Ibn Sīnā’s Risālat al-ṭayr and Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Nora Jacobsen Ben Hammed) -- 7. Toward another Understanding of the Notion of fiṭra in the Avicennian Ontology of the Rational Soul (Meryem Sebti) -- 8. Primacy of Existence vs Primacy of Quiddity : What is the Debate about? (Mansooreh Khalilizand) -- 9. “Superstition” or “Crown of Science”? Zaki Naguib Mahmoud, Yusuf Karam, and Yumna Tarief El-Kholy on metaphysics (Kata Moser).
    Abstract: This book explores a large variety of topics involved in Arabic philosophy. It examines concepts and issues relating to logic and mathematics, as well as metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics. These topics are all studied by different Arabic philosophers and scientists from different periods ranging from the 9th century to the 20th century, and are representative of the Arabic tradition. This is the first book dealing with the Arabic thought and philosophy and written only by women. The book brings together the work and contributions of an international group of female scholars and researchers specialized in the history of Arabic logic, philosophy and mathematics. Although all authors are women, the book does not enter into any kind of feminist trend. It simply highlights the contributions of female scholars in order to make them available to the large community of researchers interested in Arabic philosophy and to bring to the fore the presence and representativeness of female scholars in the field.
    URL: Cover
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9783030916763
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 250 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Knowledge, Theory of. ; Logic. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. A General View of Qiyās: A Dialectical Reading -- 2. Dialectical System of Qiyās Al-ʿilla -- 3. Dialectical System of Qiyās Al-Dalāla and Qiyās Al-Shabah -- 4. Arsyad Al-Banjari: A Banjarese Shāfi‘Ī Scholar -- 5. Systems of Qiyās in Arsyad Al-Banjari’s Works -- 6. Arsyad Al-Banjari’s Qiyās for Integrating Banjarese Traditions into Islamic Law -- 7. Qiyās and Contemporary Models of Parallel Reasoning.
    Abstract: This book provides an epistemological study of the great Islamic scholar of Banjarese origin, Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (1710-1812) who contributed to the development of Islam in Indonesia and, in general, Southeast Asia. The work focuses on Arsyad al-Banjari’s dialectical use and understanding of qiyās or correlational inference as a model of parallel reasoning or analogy in Islamic jurisprudence. This constituted the most prominent instrument he applied in his effort of integrating Islamic law into the Banjarese society. This work studies how Arsyad al-Banjari integrates jadal theory or dialectic in Islamic jurisprudence, within his application of qiyās. The author develops a framework for qiyās which acts as the interface between jadal, dialogical logic, and Per Martin-Löf’s Constructive Type Theory (CTT). One of the epistemological results emerging from the present study is that the different forms of qiyās applied by Arsyad al-Banjari represent an innovative and sophisticated form of reasoning. The volume is divided into three parts that discuss the types of qiyās as well their dialectical and argumentative aspects, historical background and context of Banjar, and demonstrates how the theory of qiyās comes quite close to the contemporary model of parallel reasoning for sciences and mathematics developed by Paul Bartha (2010). This volume will be of interest to historians and philosophers in general, and logicians and historians of philosophy in particular.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030714307
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 586 p. 66 illus., 5 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Outstanding Contributions to Logic 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Algebra.
    Abstract: Part 1: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Brief introduction by the editors -- Chapter2. Overview of Urquhart's work -- Chapter 3. Autobiographical Essay by Urquhart -- Part 2: Papers on algebraic logic and lattice theory -- Part 3: Papers on the complexity of proofs -- Part 4: Papers on philosophical logic and papers on history of logic -- Part 5: A response to the papers by Urquhart.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the work of Alasdair Urquhart. The book starts out with an introduction to and an overview of Urquhart’s work, and an autobiographical essay by Urquhart. This introductory section is followed by papers on algebraic logic and lattice theory, papers on the complexity of proofs, and papers on philosophical logic and history of logic. The final section of the book contains a response to the papers by Urquhart. Alasdair Urquhart has made extremely important contributions to a variety of fields in logic. He produced some of the earliest work on the semantics of relevant logic. He provided the undecidability of the logics R (of relevant implication) and E (of relevant entailment), as well as some of their close neighbors. He proved that interpolation fails in some of those systems. Urquhart has done very important work in complexity theory, both about the complexity of proofs in classical and some nonclassical logics. In pure algebra, he has produced a representation theorem for lattices and some rather beautiful duality theorems. In addition, he has done important work in the history of logic, especially on Bertrand Russell, including editing Volume four of Russell’s Collected Papers.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9783030973032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 456 p. 25 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 54
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Philosophy—History. ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Engineering. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: Part I. Classical Antiquity -- 1. Paolo Crivelli: The Method of Models in Plato’s Statesman -- 2. Francesco Ademollo: Anti-Platonism in Aristotle’s Categories -- 3. Vincenzo De Risi: Aristotle on Common Axioms -- 4. Marcello D’Agostino and Mario Piazza: Chrysippus’ Logic in a Natural Deduction Setting -- Part II. The Middle Ages and the Scholastic Tradition -- . 5. Christopher J. Martin: “Generaliter de nullo enuntiabili aliquid scio”: Meaning and Propositional Content in the Ars Meliduna -- 6. Graziana Ciola: Complete Forms, Individuals and Alternate World Histories: Gilbert of Poitiers -- 7. Irene Binini: Turning Potentialities into Possibilities: Early Medieval Approaches to the Metaphysics of Modality -- 8. Claude Panaccio: Ockham on Abstract Pseudo-Names -- 9. Fabrizio Amerini: Ockham and Chatton on the Origin of Logical Concepts -- 10. Simo Knuuttila and Riccardo Strobino: William of Heytesbury and Peter of Mantua on Demonstrative Pronouns in Epistemic Contexts -- 11. Fabrizio Mondadori: Poncius contra (dicta Mastrii contra (dicta Poncii)) -- Part III. Leibniz -- 12. Monica Ugaglia: Possibility vs Iterativity: Leibniz and Aristotle on the Infinite -- 13. Maria Rosa Antognazza: Pure Positivity in Leibniz -- 14. Stefano Di Bella: Essentialism, Super-Essentialism and/or Anti-Essentialism in Leibniz -- 15. Richard Arthur: Leibniz’s Metaphysics of Change: Vague States and Physical Continuity -- 16. Enrico Pasini: Is Leibniz’s “Lex Iustitiae” a Logical Law? -- 17. Calvin G. Normore: Leibniz among the Nominalists -- Part IV. Modern Logic and its Applications -- 18. Stefania Centrone and Pierluigi Minari: Oskar Becker and the Modal Translation of Intuitionistic Logic -- 19. Andrea Cantini: Reflecting and Unfolding. -20. Giorgio Lando: Metaphysical Modality, without Possible Worlds -- 21. Francesco Belardinelli: Counterpart Semantics at Work: Independence and Incompleteness Results in Quantified Modal Logic -- 22. Carla Bagnoli: The Form of Practical Reasoning -- Massimo Mugnai: Publications.
    Abstract: This volume collects 22 essays on the history of logic written by outstanding specialists in the field. The book was originally prompted by the 2018-2019 celebrations in honor of Massimo Mugnai, a world-renowned historian of logic, whose contributions on Medieval and Modern logic, and to the understanding of the logical writings of Leibniz in particular, have shaped the field in the last four decades. Given the large number of recent contributions in the history of logic that have some connections or debts with Mugnai’s work, the editors have attempted to produce a volume showing the vastness of the development of logic throughout the centuries. We hope that such a volume may help both the specialist and the student to realize the complexity of the history of logic, the large array of problems that were touched by the discipline, and the manifold relations that logic entertained with other subjects in the course of the centuries. The contributions of the volume, in fact, span from Antiquity to the Modern Age, from semantics to linguistics and proof theory, from the discussion of technical problems to deep metaphysical questions, and in it the history of logic is kept in dialogue with the history of mathematics, economics, and the moral sciences at large.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9783030853082
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 433 p. 44 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 100
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A reader's guide to classic papers in formal semantics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics. ; Logic. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: Ana Arregui on Dorith Abusch’s ‘Sequence of tense and temporal de re’ -- Susan Rothstein on Emmon Bach’s ‘The algebra of events’ -- Ed Keenan on Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper’s ‘Generalized quantifiers and natural language’ -- Donka Farkas on Greg Carlson’s ‘A unified analysis of the English bare plural’ -- Veneeta Dayal on Gennaro Chrierchia’s ‘Reference to kinds across language’ -- Paul Pietroski on Donald Davidson’s ‘The logical form of action sentences’ -- Beth Levin on David Dowty’s ‘Thematic proto-roles and argument selection’ -- Thoni Gillies on Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof’s ‘Dynamic predicate logic’ -- Mandy Simons on Irene Heim’s ‘On the projection problem for presuppositions’ -- Simon Charlow on Pauline Jacobson’s ‘Towards a variable-free semantics’ -- Bart Geurts on Hans Kamp’s ‘A theory of truth and semantic representation’ -- Elena Guerzoni on Lauri Karttunen’s ‘The syntax and semantics of questions’ -- Cleo Condoravdi on Angelika Kratzer’s ‘The notional category of modality’ -- Hana Filip on Manfred Krifka’s ‘Nominal reference, temporal constitution and quantification in event semantics’ -- Jon Gajewski on William Ladusaw’s ‘On the notion of affective in the analysis of negative polarity items’ -- Mats Rooth on David Lewis’s ‘Adverbs of quantification’ -- 17. Adrian Brasoveanu and Lucas Champollion on Godehard Link’s ‘The logical analysis of plurals and mass terms’ -- Ede Zimmermann on Richard Montague’s ‘Proper treatment of quantification in ordinary English’ -- Yoad Winter on Barbara Partee’s ‘Noun phrase interpretation and type-shifting principles’ -- Fabrizio Cariani on Robert Stalnaker’s ‘Indicative conditionals’ -- Cécile Meier on Arnim von Stechow’s ‘Comparing Semantic Theories of Comparison’ -- Index.
    Abstract: This volume contains 21 new and original contributions to the study of formal semantics, written by distinguished experts in response to landmark papers in the field. The chapters make the target articles more accessible by providing background, modernizing the notation, providing critical commentary, explaining the afterlife of the proposals, and offering a useful bibliography for further study. The chapters were commissioned by the series editors to mark the 100th volume in the book series Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy. The target articles are amongst the most widely read and cited papers up to the end of the 20th century, and cover most of the important subfields of formal semantics. The authors are all prominent researchers in the field, making this volume a valuable addition to the literature for researchers, students, and teachers of formal semantics. Chapter 19 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031188022
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 117 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Language and languages—Style. ; Rhetoric. ; Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Persuasion (Psychology). ; Communication in science. ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Introduction: Rhetoricians on Argumentation -- Underlying Assumptions of Examining Argumentation Rhetorically -- Argument from Similitude in Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Deliberative Dissent from War -- Progress, but Slow Going: Public Argument in the Forging of Collective Norms -- Rhetorical Structures, Deliberative Ecologies, and the Conditions for Democratic Argumentation -- Teaching Argument Through Relationships -- Rhetorical Citizenship and the Science of Science Communication -- Frans H. van Eemeren and Bart Garssen (Eds.): From Argument Schemes to Argumentative Relations in the Wild: A Variety of Contributions to Argumentation Theory -- Eddo Rigotti and Sara Greco: Inference in Argumentation. A Topics-Based Approach to Argument Schemes -- Correction to: Eddo Rigotti and Sara Greco: Inference in Argumentation. A Topics-Based Approach to Argument Schemes.
    Abstract: This book, a rich collection authored by rhetorical scholars, unpacks how rhetoric contributes to argumentation studies. It begins with an introduction that identifies defining features of a rhetorical approach to argumentation which has several corollaries, including the special status of argumentation about action, the condition of uncertainty and the necessity of securing adherence from an audience. Chapters explore topics such as the properties of argumentation in the realm of rhetoric, the use of presentational devices, the role of rhetoric in the evolving formation of public morality, conditions for democratic argumentation, argument pedagogy, rhetorical insights into science communication, and other features within the realm of rhetorical argumentation. This book is relevant to students and researchers in linguistics, rhetoric, philosophy, argumentation studies, and communication studies. Previously published as a Special Issue in the journal: Argumentation "Rhetoricians on Argumentation".
    URL: Cover
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781137560872
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 275 p)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: History
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science ; Metaphysics. ; Mathematics—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Science
    Abstract: Approaching Infinity addresses seventeen paradoxes of the infinite, most of which have no generally accepted solutions. The book addresses these paradoxes using a new theory of infinity, which entails that an infinite series is uncompletable when it requires something to possess an infinite intensive magnitude. Along the way, the author addresses the nature of numbers, sets, geometric points, and related matters. The book addresses the need for a theory of infinity, and reviews both old and new theories of infinity. It discussing the purposes of studying infinity and the troubles with traditional approaches to the problem, and concludes by offering a solution to some existing paradoxes
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789048502349 , 9048502349 , 9789089640260 , 9089640266
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 pages)
    Series Statement: Texts in logic and games v. 3
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Logic and the foundations of game and decision theory (LOFT 7).
    Parallel Title: Print version Logic and the foundations of game and decision theory (LOFT 7)
    Keywords: Epistemics ; Rationalism ; Belief change ; Game theory ; Decision making ; Logic ; Logic. ; Epistemics. ; Rationalism. ; Belief change. ; Game theory. ; Decision making. ; Game theory ; Decision making ; Logic ; Epistemics ; Belief change ; Rationalism ; Economics, finance, business and management ; Humanities ; Philosophy ; Mathematics and science ; Mathematics ; PHILOSOPHY ; General ; Belief change ; Decision making ; Epistemics ; Game theory ; Logic ; Rationalism ; PHILOSOPHY ; Epistemology
    Abstract: Collection of revised papers originally presented at the 7th Conference on Logic and the Foundations of Game and Decision Theory (LOFT2006).
    Abstract: Table of Contents; Preface; A Qualitative Theory of Dynamic Interactive Belief Revision; A Syntactic Approacg to Rationality in Games with Ordinal Payoffs; Semantic Results for Ontic and Epistemic Change; Social Laws and Anti-Social Behaviour; A Method for Reasoning about Other Agents' Beliefs from Observations; A Logica; A Logical Structure for Strategies; Models of Awareness
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402021961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 359 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Induction and Deduction in the Philosophy of Science: a Critical Account since the Methodenstreit -- Historicizing Deduction: Scientific Method, Critical Debate, and the Historian -- Inference to the Best Theory, rather than Inference to the Best Explanation — Kinds of Abduction and Induction -- The Significance of Explanatory Considerations -- Truth-seeking by Abduction -- Inference to the Best Explanation and Bayesianism -- Adaptive Logics and the Integration of Induction and Deduction -- Argument, Inference and Reasoning — Integrating Induction and Deduction -- Laws are Persistent Inductive Schemes -- Physical Intuition as Inductive Support -- Frege, Neo-Logicism and Applied Mathematics -- Remarks About a “General Science of Reasoning” -- Two Questions About the Revival of Frege’s Programme -- Handling Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, and the Bayesian Controversy -- Artificial Intelligence and Its Methodological Implications -- Supplying Planks for Neurath’s Boat: Can Economists Meet the Demands of the Dynamics of Scientific Theories? -- Informational Economy and Creativity -- The Place of the Notion of Corroboration in Karl Popper’s Philosophy of Science -- How can a Falsified Theory Remain Corroborated ? -- Inductivism in 19th Century German Economics -- The Uniformity of Nature: What Purpose does it Serve? -- Planning, Democratization and Popularization with ISOTYPE, ca. 1945: a Study of Otto Neurath’s Pictorial Statistics with the Example of Bilston, England -- Reviews -- Activities 2003 -- Preview 2004 -- Remembering Dick Jeffrey (1926-2002) (Maria Carla Galavotti) -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; A Critical Account since the Methodenstreit
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402032110
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 360 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Hintikka on Epistemological Axiomatizations -- Hintikka on the Problem with the Problem of Transworld Identity -- What is Epistemic Discourse About? -- Interrogative Logic and the Economic Theory of Information -- A Metalogical Critique of Wittgensteinian ‘Phenomenology’ -- Theoretical Commensurability By Correspondence Relations: When Empirical Success Implies Theoretical Reference -- What is Abduction?: An Assessment of Jaakko Hintikka's Conception -- The Dialogic of Just Being Different: Hintikka's New Approach to the Notion of Episteme and its Impact on “Second Generation” Dialogics -- Probabilistic Features in Logic Games -- On Some Logical Properties of ‘Is True’ -- The Results are in: The Scope and Import of Hintikka's Philosophy.
    Abstract: Jaakko Hintikka is one of the most creative figures in contemporary philosophy. He has made significant contributions to virtually all areas of the discipline, from epistemology and the philosophy of logic to the history of philosophy and the philosophy of science. Part of the fruitfulness of Hintikka’s work is due to its opening important new lines of investigation and new approaches to traditional philosophical problems. This volume gathers together essays from some of Hintikka’s colleagues and former students exploring his influence on their work and pursuing some of the insights that we have found in his work. This book includes a comprehensive overview of Hintikka’s philosophy by Dan Kolak and John Symons and an annotated bibliography of Hintikka’s work.
    Description / Table of Contents: ForewordHintikka on Epistemological Axiomatizations -- Hintikka on the Problem with the Problem of Transworld Identity -- What is Epistemic Discourse About. Interrogative Logic and the Economic Theory of Information -- A Metalogical Critique of Wittgensteinian ‘Phenomenology’ -- Theoretical Commensurability By Correspondence Relations: When Empirical Success Implies Theoretical Reference -- What is Abduction?: An Assessment of Jaakko Hintikka's Conception -- The dialogic of just being different: Hintikka's new approach to the notion of episteme and its impact on "second generation" dialogics -- Probabilistic Features in Logic Games. On Some Logical Properties of ‘Is True’ -- The Results are in: The Scope and Import of Hintikka's Philosophy -- Annotated Bibliography of Jaakko Hintikka -- Index.
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge, U.K : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 0511062710 , 051129736X , 9780511297366 , 9780511062711 , 9780511840005 , 0511840004
    Language: English
    Pages: xiv, 247 pages , 24 cm
    Edition: Updated ed
    Edition: Boulder, Colo NetLibrary 2004 Online-Ressource E-Books von NetLibrary
    Series Statement: EBSCOhost eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Print version Uses of argument
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic. ; Reasoning. ; Logique ; Argumentation ; Logic ; Reasoning ; Reasoning ; Logic ; Logic. ; Reasoning. ; PHILOSOPHY ; Logic ; Logic ; Reasoning ; Argumentatieleer ; Argumentation ; Sprache ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books ; Sprache ; Argumentation ; Sprache ; Argumentation
    Abstract: Traditionally, logic has been claimed to be 'the science of rational argument', but the relevance to our everyday disputes of the formal logician's results has remained unclear. The abstract character of traditional logic cuts the subject off from practical considerations; Mr Toulmin enquires why this is so, and shows how an alternative conception can be of more general value. Starting from an examination of the actual procedures in different fields of argument - the practice, as opposed to the theory, of logic - he discloses a richer variety than is allowed for by any available system. He argues that jurisprudence rather than mathematics should be the logician's model in analysing rational procedures, and that logic should be a comparative and not a purely formal study. These suggestions lead to conclusions which many will consider controversial; though they will also be widely recognized as interesting and illuminating. This book extends into general philosophy lines of enquiry already sketched by Mr Toulmin in his earlier books on ethics and the philosophy of science. The ordinary reader will find in it the same clarity and intelligibility; and the professional philosopher will acknowledge the same power to break new ground (and circumvent old difficulties) by posing fresh and stimulating questions
    Abstract: Traditionally, logic has been claimed to be 'the science of rational argument', but the relevance to our everyday disputes of the formal logician's results has remained unclear. The abstract character of traditional logic cuts the subject off from practical considerations; Mr Toulmin enquires why this is so, and shows how an alternative conception can be of more general value. Starting from an examination of the actual procedures in different fields of argument - the practice, as opposed to the theory, of logic - he discloses a richer variety than is allowed for by any available system. He argues that jurisprudence rather than mathematics should be the logician's model in analysing rational procedures, and that logic should be a comparative and not a purely formal study. These suggestions lead to conclusions which many will consider controversial; though they will also be widely recognized as interesting and illuminating. This book extends into general philosophy lines of enquiry already sketched by Mr Toulmin in his earlier books on ethics and the philosophy of science. The ordinary reader will find in it the same clarity and intelligibility; and the professional philosopher will acknowledge the same power to break new ground (and circumvent old difficulties) by posing fresh and stimulating questions
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Fields of argument and modals -- Probability -- The layout of arguments -- Working logic and idealised logic -- The origins of epistemological theory -- Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionFields of argument and modals -- Probability -- The layout of arguments -- Working logic and idealised logic -- The origins of epistemological theory -- Conclusion.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-240) and indexes , Electronic reproduction, Boulder, Colo : NetLibrary, 2004
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306481345
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 342 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 91
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Semantics. ; Logic. ; Phenomenology . ; Philosophy of mind. ; Psycholinguistics. ; Semiotics. ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of Mind ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Philosophy (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Psychologismus ; Philosophie
    Abstract: Psychologism in Logic: Bacon to Bolzano -- Between Leibniz and Mill: Kant’s Logic and the Rhetoric of Psychologism -- Psychologism and Non-Classical Approaches in Traditional Logic -- The Concept of ‘Psychologism’ in Frege and Husserl -- Psychologism and Sociologism in Early Twentieth-Century German-Speaking Philosophy -- The Space of Sings: C.S. Peirce’s Critique of Psychologism -- Quinean Dreams or, Prospects for a Scientific Epistemology -- Late froms of Psychologism and Antipsychologism -- Propositions and the Objects of Thought -- The Concepts of Truth and Knowledge in Psychologism -- Psychologism Revisited in Logic, Metaphysics, and Epistemology -- Why There is Nothing Rather Than Something: Quine on Behaviorism, Meaning, and Indeterminacy -- Cognitive Illusions and the Welcome Psychologism of Logicist Artificial Intelligence.
    Abstract: Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism presents a remarkable diversity of contemporary opinions on the prospects of addressing philosophical topics from a psychological perspective. It considers the history and philosophical merits of psychologism, and looks systematically at psychologism in phenomenology, cognitive science, epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, philosophical semantics, and artificial intelligence. It juxtaposes many different philosophical standpoints, each supported by rigorous philosophical argument. Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism is intended for professionals in the fields indicated, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related areas of study, and interested lay readers.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789400710788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 347 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Social sciences. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Social sciences
    Abstract: 1. Reasons -- 2. The Pragmatic Dimension of Premise Acceptability -- 3. Rationality and Judgment -- 4. The Dialectical Tier Revisited -- 5. The Rabbit in the Hat: The Internal Relations of the Pragma-Dialectical Rules -- 6. Toulmin’s Warrants -- 7. Metadialogues -- 8. Relationships Among Logic, Dialectic and Rhetoric -- 9. Logical Fallacies, Dialectical Transgressions, Rhetorical Sins, and Other Failures of Rationality In Argumentation -- 10. A Pragmatic View of the Burden of Proof -- 11. The Ordinary Practice of Presuming and Presumption With Special Attention to Veracity and the Burden Of Proof -- 12. Two Conceptions of Openness in Argumentation Theory -- 13. Multidimensionality and Non-Deductiveness in Deliberative Argumentation -- 14. Argumentation Studies in France: A New Legitimacy -- 15. Discourse Correspondence Between Argumentative and Grammatical Sequences -- 16. Diagramming, Argumentation Schemes and Critical Questions -- 17. Legal Argumentation Theory and the Concept of Law -- 18. Arguer’s Obligations: Another Perspective -- 19. Charles S. Peirce’s Theory of Abduction and the Aristotelian Enthymeme From Signs -- 20. Rhetoric and Dialectic in Martin Luther King’s ‘Letter From Birmingham Jail’ -- 21. On the Argumentative Quality of Explanatory Narratives -- 22. The Wiles of Argument: Protodeliberation and Heroic Prudence in Homer’s ‘Odyssey’ -- 23. Felicity Conditions for the Circumstantial ad Hominem: The Case of ‘Bush V. Gore’ -- 24. The Potential Conflict Between Normatively-Good Argumentative Practice and Persuasive Success: Evidence from Persuasion Effects Research -- 25. The Concept of Argument Quality in the Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Normative and Empirical Approach to Petty and Cacioppo’s ‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ Arguments -- 26. How Narrative Argumentation Works: An Analysis of Argumentation Aimed at Reconsidering Goals -- 347.
    Abstract: This volume of the Argumentation Library contains a collection of twenty-six theor­ etical contributions to the study of argumentation. Together they provide an over­ view of recent developments in the theory of argumentation which does justice to the theoretical variety in the field. InAnyone Who Has a View, the subject of argu­ mentation is approached from different angles. Both the formal and informal logical approaches and the rhetorical and communicative approaches arc represented in various ways. We arc convinced that the collection of essays as a whole will be of interest not only to those engaged directly in the study of argumentation, but also to scholars from a variety of disciplines who arc interested in the recent developments in this field. The book opens with an essay by the informal logician Robert C. Pinto. For all the differences between them, James B. Freeman, Harvey Siegel, Ralph H. Johnson, Hans V. Hansen, and J. Anthony Blair are also prominent members of that move­ ment. Some informal logicians either eschew or simply do not use formal methods in their approach to argumentation, while others, such as David Hitchcock, use both formal and informal methods. Erik C.W. Krabbe is a logician who proudly defends a formal dialectical approach to argumentation. Daniel H. Cohen, Frans H. van Eemeren, Peter Houtlosser, Fred J. Kauffeld, C. Scott Jacobs, Christian Kock, Christian Plantin, Sorin Stati, Chris Reed, Douglas N.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401009522
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 211 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2001.
    Series Statement: Topoi Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: 1. Knowledge Versus Belief -- 2. A Strange (?) Quantum World -- 3. Promissory Names -- 4. What Is Logic About? -- 5. Dialectical Logic at Work in the Elective Affinities What We Can Learn From Goethe About Hegel -- 6. Discriminating From Within -- 7. The Poetics of (Philosophical) Interpretation -- 8. Kant’s Sadism -- 9. Respect for Structure -- 10. The End of Analysis -- 11. Being-Idle -- 12. Taking Care of Ethical Relativism -- 13. Montaigne’s Pre-and Post-Modern Notion of Subjectivity -- 14. An Oblique View -- 15. Beyond Tolerance? -- 16. An Answer to the Question “Liberating the Future From the Past? Liberating the Past From the Future” -- 17. Machiavelli, for Example -- 18. The Degradation of Talent -- 19. Philosophy and Literature in Calvino’s Tales -- 20. “I”: J.D -- Notes.
    Abstract: Philosophy in this century has often self-consciously presented itself as aiming at the destruction or deconstruction of the philosophical tradition or even of theorizing as such. The basis for such self-description may well be a deep-seated anxiety about death; but whatever its grounds, the procession of distinguished intellectuals who seem mostly concerned with who gets to turn off the light on philosophy on his/her way out is one main reason why philosophy seems to have lost its grip on public opinion and public policy. Which is ironical, because there is often considerable constructive work going on under the pretence of all this `destruction', but the superficial rhetoric has more currency and impact than the substance of that work. This book brings back the spirit of bold, imaginative, even outrageous theorizing into philosophy, and contains a series of examples of it, venturing playfully into quantum mechanics and political theory, psychoanalysis and environmental ethics, philosophy of language and sociology, without any attempt at `systematically exhausting' these disparate fields but rather using them as suggestive excuses and arenas for the display of intellectual creativity. There are numerous echoes among the various pieces, and between them and other works by the same author; but again these resonances are not systematized. The result is more to be seen as a collection of snapshots of an intellectual landscape than as a hierarchical regimentation of it.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY : Imprint: Springer | New York, NY : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781441985620
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 205 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2001.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Logic. ; Cognitive psychology. ; History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Humanities ; Consciousness
    Abstract: 1 Hypothesis Generation -- 2 Theoretical Abduction -- 3 Manipulative Abduction -- 4 Diagnostic Reasoning -- 5 Visual and Temporal Abduction -- 6 Governing Inconsistencies -- 7 Hypothesis Withdrawal in Science -- References -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This volume explores abduction (inference to explanatory hypotheses), an important but neglected topic in scientific reasoning. My aim is to inte­ grate philosophical, cognitive, and computational issues, while also discuss­ ing some cases of reasoning in science and medicine. The main thesis is that abduction is a significant kind of scientific reasoning, helpful in delineating the first principles of a new theory of science. The status of abduction is very controversial. When dealing with abduc­ tive reasoning misinterpretations and equivocations are common. What are the differences between abduction and induction? What are the differences between abduction and the well-known hypothetico-deductive method? What did Peirce mean when he considered abduction a kind of inference? Does abduction involve only the generation of hypotheses or their evaluation too? Are the criteria for the best explanation in abductive reasoning epis­ temic, or pragmatic, or both? How many kinds of abduction are there? The book aims to increase knowledge about creative and expert infer­ ences. The study of these high-level methods of abductive reasoning is situ­ ated at the crossroads of philosophy, epistemology, artificial intel1igence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. Philosophers of science in the twentieth century have traditionally distin­ guished between the inferential processes active in the logic of discovery and the ones active in logic of justification.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Hypothesis Generation2 Theoretical Abduction -- 3 Manipulative Abduction -- 4 Diagnostic Reasoning -- 5 Visual and Temporal Abduction -- 6 Governing Inconsistencies -- 7 Hypothesis Withdrawal in Science -- References -- Author Index.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401005265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 627 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2001.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 305
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical
    Abstract: Logic, truth and number: The elementary genesis of arithmetic -- Second-order logic -- A representation of relation algebras using Routley-Meyer frames -- Church’s set theory with a universal set -- Axioms of infinity in Church’s type theory -- Logical objects -- The lambda calculus and adjoint functors -- Atomic Boolean algebras and classical propositional logic -- Improved decision procedures for pure relevant logic -- The “triumph” of first-order languages -- Equivalence relations and groups -- Discriminating coded lambda terms -- ?-calculus as a foundation for mathematics -- Peano’s lambda calculus: The functional abstraction implicit in arithmetic -- The undecidability of ?-definability -- A construction of the provable wellorderings of the theory of species -- Semantics for first and higher order realizability -- Language and equality theory in logic programming -- Alternative (1*): A criterion of identity for intensional entities -- Nominalist paraphrase and ontological commitment -- Peace, justice and computation: Leibniz’ program and the moral and political significance of Church’s theorem -- Tarski’s theorem and NFU -- Church’s theorem and randomness -- Russellian type theory and semantical paradoxes -- The logic of sense and denotation: Extensions and applications -- Analysis, synonymy and sense -- The very possibility of language.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401147088
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 370 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Einstein Meets Magritte: An Interdisciplinary Reflection on Science, Nature, Art, Human Action and Society 4
    Keywords: Humanities ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Metaphysics.
    Abstract: This book considers philosophy to be more than mere reflection. Through philosophy, humankind can give meaning to the world. In part, this book re-evaluates the philosophy of Leo Apostel, who dedicated his life to the investigation of the use of philosophy in everyday life. But it is also a presentation of international research carried out along the lines of the worldviews project. The contributions address not only professional philosophers, but also students, teachers, academics and everyone interested in the relationship between philosophy and the world
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  • 60
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401150620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 318 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 26
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy of law ; Political science Philosophy ; Logic. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Action is conceived of as an intentional behavior of an individual or of an institutional subject; it is determined by information processing, namely by a process in which pieces of descriptive and practical information are involved. Action is explained by a formal and finalistic theory which is connected with a specific theory of institutions. The philosophical basis of the logic of norm sentences and of other systems of practical thinking (formal teleology, axiology, logic of preferences) is discussed. The author criticizes traditional deontic logic and argues in favor of a genuine logic of norms. The book gives a structure analysis of the so-called practical inference and of nomic causal propositions. Besides a critical account of von Wright's practical philosophy the author offers critical analyses of discourse rationality (Habermas, Apel, Alexy) and of Wittgenstein's views on philosophizing. The book addresses readers interested in philosophical logic, practical philosophy, sociology of institutions, legal philosophy, and theory democracy
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401151085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 399 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 273
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic. ; Philosophy, Asian. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Epistemology.
    Abstract: This collection celebrates the centenary of the Lvov-Warsaw school, established by Kazimierz Twardowski in Lvov in 1895. This school belongs to analytic philosophy and successfully worked in all branches of philosophy. The Warsaw school of logic became perhaps the most important part of Twardowski's heritage. Lesniewski, Lukasiewicz and Tarski, leading Polish logicians, achieved results which essentially influenced the development of contemporary logic. A close connection of logic and philosophy was a typical feature of the Lvov-Warsaw school. The papers included in the collection deal with all directions of research undertaken by Polish analytic philosophers. Special attention is paid to logic and comparisons with other philosophical movements, particularly with Brentanism, which was one of the sources of the Lvov-Warsaw school
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780585374635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 413 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 57
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Science Philosophy ; Computer science ; Logic. ; Computer science. ; Linguistics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Temporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence deals with the history of temporal logic as well as the crucial systematic questions within the field. The book studies the rich contributions from ancient and medieval philosophy up to the downfall of temporal logic in the Renaissance. The modern rediscovery of the subject, which is especially due to the work of A. N. Prior, is described, leading into a thorough discussion of the use of temporal logic in computer science and the understanding of natural language. Temporal Logic: From Ancient Ideas to Artificial Intelligence thus interweaves linguistic, philosophical and computational aspects into an informative and inspiring whole
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  • 63
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    Online Resource
    In:  volume:41 | number:1 | pages:135-138 | date:7.1994 | Erkenntnis 41, Heft 1, 135-138, 7.1994
    ISSN: 1572-8420
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource.
    Titel der Quelle: Erkenntnis
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 1930-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:41
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:135-138
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:7.1994
    Angaben zur Quelle: 41, Heft 1, 135-138, 7.1994
    DDC: 398
    Keywords: (lcsh)Philosophy. ; (lcsh)Knowledge, Theory of. ; (lcsh)Ontology. ; (lcsh)Ethics. ; (lcsh)Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Ontology. ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics. ; Logic.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401110426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 307 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Humanities ; Logic. ; Computational linguistics. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: This book sets out the foundations, methodology, and practice of a formal framework for the description of language. The approach embraces the trends of lexicalism and compositional semantics in computational linguistics, and theoretical linguistics more broadly, by developing categorial grammar into a powerful and extendable logic of signs. Taking Montague Grammar as its point of departure, the book explains how integration of methods from philosophy (logical semantics), computer science (type theory), linguistics (categorial grammar) and meta-mathematics (mathematical logic ) provides a categorial foundation with coverage including intensionality, quantification, featural polymorphism, domains and constraints. For the first time, the book systematises categorial thinking into a unified program which is at once both logically secured, and a practical tool for pure lexical grammar development with type-theoretic semantics. It should be of interest to all those active in computational linguistics and formal grammar and is suitable for use at advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, and research levels
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : Birkhäuser Basel
    ISBN: 9783034874021
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic.
    Abstract: I. Antecedents -- II. A standard interpretation -- III. The philosophical and mathematical background to The Principles of Mathematics, 1872–1900 -- IV. Russell’s discovery of the ‘paradoxes’ -- V. The ‘semantic paradoxes’ -- Conclusions -- Appendix. Correspondence -- 6.1 Alys Russell -- 6.2 G. E. Moore -- 6.3 David Hilbert -- 6.4 Cesare Burali-Forti -- 6.5 G. G. Berry -- 6.6 Alfred N. Whitehead -- 6.7 G. H. Hardy -- 6.8 E. H. Moore -- List of tables -- List of illustrations.
    Abstract: Xll Russell's published works include more than sixty books, several unpublished manuscripts, many hundreds of articles, dozens of radio and TV interviews and films, covering a wide spectrum of knowledge. His writings embrace discussions and analysis of such diverse topics as social sciences, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of physics, philosophy in general, religion, moral sciences, education, pacifism, natural sciences (including biology and physics), linguistics, statistics, probability, eco­ nomic theory, history, politics, international affairs and other topics. He corresponded with a large and diverse group of colleagues including both prominent and obscure figures in politics, the arts, humanities and scienc­ es. Russell's communication with his colleagues began in the late nine­ teenth century and was especially active through much of the twentieth century. In spite of being one of the most controversial public personali­ ties of his day (let us not forget that he went to prison twice, was dis­ missed from Cambridge University and was prevented from teaching at the College of the City of New York), his merits have been recognized and appreciated. He was awarded many medals, diplomas and honors, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. AntecedentsII. A standard interpretation -- III. The philosophical and mathematical background to The Principles of Mathematics, 1872-1900 -- IV. Russell’s discovery of the ‘paradoxes’ -- V. The ‘semantic paradoxes’ -- Conclusions -- Appendix. Correspondence -- 6.1 Alys Russell -- 6.2 G. E. Moore -- 6.3 David Hilbert -- 6.4 Cesare Burali-Forti -- 6.5 G. G. Berry -- 6.6 Alfred N. Whitehead -- 6.7 G. H. Hardy -- 6.8 E. H. Moore -- List of tables -- List of illustrations.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789401126144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 341 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 40
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic. ; Philosophy, Medieval. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: One On the Types of Sentences -- Two On Retracted Sentences -- Three On the Relative Extensions of Modally Qualified Terms -- Four On Consequences by Virtue of the Part and the Whole -- Five On Consequences by Virtue of Subalternation and Obversion -- Six On Consequences by Virtue of the Placement and Removal of Relational Particles and Prepositions -- Seven On Consequences by Virtue of the Placement and Removal of Modes -- Eight On Consequences by Virtue of the Conversion of Sentences -- Nine On the Modality of Consequences by Virtue of the Conversion of Sentences -- Ten On the Extension of Terms in Sentences -- One on the Conditions of the Syllogism -- Two on the Relationship between the Premises and the Conclusion of the Syllogism -- Three on the First Figure -- Four on the Second Figure -- Five on the Third Figure -- Six on the Fourth Figure -- Seven on Sorites -- Eight on the Conditions of Syllogisms with Modes, Particles, and Retracted Terms -- Nine on Syllogisms with Necessary Premises -- Ten on Syllogisms with Assertoric Premises -- Eleven on Syllogisms with Possible Premises -- Twelve on Syllogisms Mixed from Necessary and Assertoric Premises -- Thirteen on Syllogisms Mixed from Necessary and Possible Premises -- Fourteen on Syllogisms Mixed from Assertoric and Possible Premises -- Commentary -- Excursus Aristotle’s Modal Syllogistic and Averroes’ Theory of Modalized Terms -- Works Cited In Commentary And Excursus -- Hebrew-EngLish Glossary -- English-HeBrew Glossary -- Selected BIbliography.
    Abstract: In the great libraries of Europe and the United States, hidden in fading manuscripts on forgotten shelves, lie the works of medieval Hebrew logic. From the end of the twelfth century through the Renaissance, Jews wrote and translated commentaries and original compositions in Aristotelian logic. One can say without exaggeration that wherever Jews studied philosophy - Spain, France, Northern Africa, Germany, Palestine - they began their studies with logic. Yet with few exceptions, the manuscripts that were catalogued in the last century have failed to arouse the interest of modem scholars. While the history of logic is now an established sub-discipline of the history of philosophy, the history of Hebrew logic is only in its infancy. The present work contains a translation and commentary of what is arguably the greatest work of Hebrew logic, the Sefer ha-Heqqesh ha-Yashar (The Book of the Correct Syllogism) of Levi ben Gershom (Gersonides; 1288-1344). Gersonides is well known today as a philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, and biblical exegete. But in the Middle Ages he was also famous for his prowess as a logician. The Correct Syllogism is his attempt to construct a theory of the syllogism that is free of what he considers to be the 'mistakes' of Aristotle, as interpreted by the Moslem commentator A verroes. It is an absorbing, challenging work, first written by Gersonides when he was merely thirty-one years old, then significantly revised by him. The translation presented here is of the revised version.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9789401134927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 214 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 18
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Reductionism as Negation of the Scientific Spirit -- The Power and Limits of Reduction -- Theory of Antireductionist Arguments:The Bohr Case Study -- A Short History of Emergence and Reductionism -- The Technical Problem of “Full Abstractness” as a Model for an Issue in Reductionism -- A Neutral Reduction: Analytical Method and Positivism -- Reductionism and Reduction in Logic and in Mathematics -- Reductionism in Biology -- Reductionism: Palaver without Precedent -- Must a Science of Artificial Intelligence be Necessarily Reductionist? -- Can Psychological Software be Reduced to Physiological Hardware? -- On the Problem of Reducing Value-Components in Epistemology -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The topic to which this book is devoted is reductionism, and not reduction. The difference in the adoption of these two denominations is not, contrary to what might appear at first sight, just a matter of preference between a more abstract (reductionism) or a more concrete (reduction) terminology for indicating the same sUbject matter. In fact, the difference is that between a philosophical doctrine (or, perhaps, simply a philosophical tenet or claim) and a scientific procedure. Of course, this does not mean that these two fields are separated; they are only distinct, and this already means that they are also likely to be interrelated. However it is useful to consider them separately, if at least to better understand how and why they are interconnected. Just to give a first example of difference, we can remark that a philosophical doctrine is something which makes a claim and, as such, invites controversy and should, in a way, be challenged. A scientific procedure, on the other hand, is something which concretely exists, and as such must be first of all described, interpreted, understood, defined precisely and analyzed critically; this work may well lead to uncovering limitations of this procedure, or of certain ways of conceiving or defining it, but it does not lead to really challenging it.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789400913356
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Logic.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Prom linguistic form to situation schemata -- 2. Interpreting situation schemata -- 3. The logical point of view -- II. From Linguistic Form to Situation Schemata -- 1. Levels of linguistic form determining meaning -- 2. Motivation for the use of constraints -- 3. The modularization of the mapping from form to meaning -- 4. Situation schemata -- 5. The algorithm from linguistic form to situation schemata -- III. Interpreting Situation Schemata -- 1. The art of interpretation -- 2. The inductive definition of the meaning relation -- 3. A remark on the general format of situation schemata -- 4. Generalizing generalized quantifiers -- IV. A Logical Perspective -- 1. The mechanics of interpretation -- 2. A hierarchy of formal languages -- 3. Mathematical study of some formal languages -- 4. On the model theoretic interpretation of situation schemata -- V. Conclusions -- Appendices -- A. Prepositional Phrases in Situation Schemata -- by Erik Colban -- B. A Lyndon type interpretation theorem for many-sorted first-order logic -- C. Proof of the relative saturation lemma -- References.
    Abstract: This monograph grew out of research at Xerox PARC and the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) during the first year of CSLI's existence. The Center was created as a meeting place for people from many different research traditions and there was much interest in seeing how the various approaches could be joined in a common effort to understand the complexity of language and information. CSLI was thus an ideal environment for our group and our enterprise. Our original goal was to see how a well-developed linguistic the­ ory, such as lexical-functional grammar, could be joined with the ideas emerging from research in situation semantics in a manner which would measure up to the technical standards set by Montague grammar. The outcome was our notion of situation schemata and the extension of constraint-based grammar formalisms to deal with semantic as well as syntactic information. As our work progressed we widened our approach. We decided to also include a detailed study of the logic of situation theory, and to investigate how this logical theory is related to the relational theory of meaning developed in situation semantics.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789400945524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 181
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Logic. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- General Introduction -- Putting Frege in Perspective -- II Semantics and Epistemology -- Frege and Vagueness -- Semantic Content and Cognitive Sense -- Objectivity and Objecthood: Frege’s Metaphysics of Judgment -- Frege on Truth -- Frege on Existence -- III Logical Theory -- Frege’s Proof of Referentiality -- Frege, Russell and Logicism: A Logical Reconstruction -- Frege’s Technical Concepts: Some Recent Developments -- IV Philosophy of Mathematics -- Frege, Dedekind, and the Philosophy of Mathematics -- Continuity and Change in Frege’s Philosophy of Mathematics -- Grundgesetze, Section 10 -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: cake, even though it is typically given the pride of place in expositions in Frege's semantics. As a part of this attempted reversal of emphasis, Jaakko Hintikka has also called attention to the role Frege played in convincing almost everyone that verbs for being had to be treated as multiply ambiguous between the "is" of identity, the "is" of predication, the "is" of existence, and the "is" of class-inclusion - a view that had been embraced by few major figures (if any) before Frege, with the exception of John Stuart Mill and Augustus De Morgan. Hintikka has gone on to challenge this ambiguity thesis. At the same time, Frege's role in the genesis of another major twentieth-century philosophical movement, the phenomenological one, has become an important issue. Even the translation of Frege's key term "Bedeutung" as "reference" has become controversial. The interpretation of Frege is thus thrown largely back in the melting pot. In editing this volume, we have not tried to publish the last word on Frege. Even though we may harbor such ambitions ourselves, they are not what has led to the present editorial enterprise. What we have tried to do is to bring together some of the best ongoing work on Frege. Even though the ultimate judgment on our success lies with out readers, we want to register our satisfaction with all the contributions.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400974913
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (788p) , digital
    Edition: Third Revised and Enlarged Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H.L. van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 5/6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Logic.
    Abstract: 1. The Phenomenological Movement Defined -- 2. Unrelated Phenomenologies -- 3. Preview -- One / The Preparatory Phase -- I. Franz Brentano (1838–1917): Forerunner of the Phenomenological Movement -- II. Carl Stumpf (1848–1936): Founder of Experimental Phenomenology -- Two / The German Phase of the Movement -- III. The Pure Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) -- IV. The Original Phenomenological Movement -- V. The Phenomenology of Essences: Max Scheler (1874–1928) -- VI. Phenomenology in the Critical Ontology of Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950) -- VII. Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) as a Phenomenologist -- Three / The French Phase of the Movement -- Introductory -- VIII. The Beginnings of French Phenomenology -- IX. Gabriel Marcel (1889–1974) as a Phenomenologist -- X. The Phenomenology of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) -- XI. The Phenomenological Philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) -- XII. Paul Ricoeur and Some Associates -- XIII. Emmanuel Levinas (Born 1906): Phenomenological Philosophy (by Stephan Strasser) -- Four / The Geography of the Phenomenological Movement -- Five / The Essentials of the Phenomenological Method -- Appendices -- Chart I: Chronology of the Phenomenological Movement in Germany -- Chart II: Chronology of the Phenomenological Movement in France -- Chart III: Chronology of the Phenomenological Movement in the Anglo-American World -- Index of Subjects, Combined with a Selective Glossary of Phenomenological Terms -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The present attempt to introduce the general philosophical reader to the Phenomenological Movement by way of its history has itself a history which is pertinent to its objective. It may suitably be opened by the following excerpts from a review which Herbert W. Schneider of Columbia University, the Head of the Division for International Cultural Cooperation, Department of Cultural Activities of Unesco from 1953 to 56, wrote in 1950 from France: The influence of Husserl has revolutionized continental philosophies, not because his philosophy has become dominant, but because any philosophy now seeks to accommodate itself to, and express itself in, phenomenological method. It is the sine qua non of critical respectability. In America, on the contrary, phenomenology is in its infancy. The average American student of philosophy, when he picks up a recent volume of philosophy published on the continent of Europe, must first learn the "tricks" of the phenomenological trade and then translate as best he can the real impon of what is said into the kind of imalysis with which he is familiar . . . . No doubt, American education will graduaUy take account of the spread of phenomenological method and terminology, but until it does, American readers of European philosophy have a severe handicap; and this applies not only to existentialism but to almost all current philosophical literature. ' These sentences clearly implied a challenge, if not a mandate, to all those who by background and interpretive ability were in a position to meet it.
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  • 71
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    In:  volume:46 | number:3 | pages:445-448 | date:3.1981 | Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉 46, Heft 3, 445-448, 3.1981
    ISSN: 1573-0964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource.
    Titel der Quelle: Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 1936-
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:46
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:445-448
    Angaben zur Quelle: date:3.1981
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46, Heft 3, 445-448, 3.1981
    DDC: 390
    Keywords: (lcsh)Science—Philosophy. ; (lcsh)Knowledge, Theory of. ; (lcsh)Logic. ; (lcsh)Language and languages—Philosophy. ; (lcsh)Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of Science. ; Epistemology. ; Logic. ; Philosophy of Language. ; Metaphysics.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401022262
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 12
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy, Medieval. ; Logic.
    Abstract: I/Historical Introduction -- 1. The Publication of Medieval Works -- 2. Scholasticism in Italy and Germany -- 3. Scholasticism in France and Spain -- 4. Humanism -- 5. Rudolph Agricola and His Influence -- 6. Petrus Ramus and His Influence -- 7. Seventeenth Century Logic: Eclecticism -- 8. Humanism and Late Scholasticism in Spain -- 9. Other Schools of Logic -- 10. A Note on Terminology -- II/Meaning and Reference -- I. The Nature of Logic -- II. Problems of Language -- II. Supposition Theory -- III. Semantic Paradoxes -- III/Formal Logic. Part One: Unanalyzed Propositions -- I. The Theory of Consequence -- II. Propositional Connectives -- III. An Analysis of the Rules Found in Some Individual Authors -- IV/ Formal Logic. Part Two: The Logic of Analyzed Propositions -- I. The Relationships Between Propositions -- II. Supposition Theory and Quantification -- III. Categorical Syllogisms -- Appendix/Latin Texts -- 1. Primary Sources -- 2. Secondary Sources on the History of Logic 1400–1650 -- Index of names.
    Abstract: Keckermann remarked of the sixteenth century, "never from the begin­ ning of the world was there a period so keen on logic, or in which more books on logic were produced and studies oflogic flourished more abun­ dantly than the period-in which we live. " 1 But despite the great profusion of books to which he refers, and despite the dominant position occupied by logic in the educational system of the fifteenth, sixteenth and seven­ teenth centuries, very little work has been done on the logic of the post­ medieval period. The only complete study is that of Risse, whose account, while historically exhaustive, pays little attention to the actual logical 2 doctrines discussed. Otherwise, one can tum to Vasoli for a study of humanism, to Munoz Delgado for scholastic logic in Spain, and to Gilbert and Randall for scientific method, but this still leaves vast areas untouched. In this book I cannot hope to remedy all the deficiencies of previous studies, for to survey the literature alone would take a life-time. As a result I have limited myself in various ways. In the first place, I con­ centrate only on those matters which are of particular interest to me, namely theories of meaning and reference, and formal logic.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789401098663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (560p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 10
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. The Problem -- I. Introduction: Problems and Sources -- II. Naming What is -- III. The Semantics of the Logical Constants -- 2. Historical Survey -- IV. From the History of the Logic of Indefinite Propositions -- V. From the History of the Logic of Individual Propositions -- VI. Singular - General - Indefinite -- VII. The Identity Theories of the Copula -- 3. Descent -- VIII. Argument by Analogy -- IX. The Problem of the Logic of Relations and its Connection with the Logic of the Articles -- 4. Ascent -- X. Introduction of Indefinite Propositions by Ekthesis -- XI. Conjunction, Potentiality, and Disjunction -- XII. Summary and Conclusion -- Index of Proper Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: When the original Dutch version of this book was presented in 1971 to the University of Leiden as a thesis for the Doctorate in philosophy, I was prevented by the academic mores of that university from expressing my sincere thanks to three members of the Philosophical Faculty for their support of and interest in my pursuits. I take the liberty of doing so now, two and a half years later. First and foremost I want to thank Professor G. Nuchelmans warmly for his expert guidance of my research. A number of my most im­ portant sources were brought to my attention by him. During the whole process of composing this book his criticism and encouragement were carried out in a truly academic spirit. He thereby provided working conditions that are a sine qua non for every author who is attempting to approach controversial matters in a scientific manner, conditions which, however, were not easily available at that time. In a later phase I also came into contact with Professors L. M. de Rijk and J. B. Ubbink, with both of whom I had highly stimulating discussions and exchanges of ideas. The present edition contains some entirely new sections, viz. 1-9, IV-29, V-9, V-20, VII-14 (iii), (iv), VII-17 (i), VIII-22, IX-17, IX-19, X-9 and XI-8. Section X-9 was inspired by a remark made by Professor A.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vienna : Springer
    ISBN: 9783709171066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Exact Philosophy 10
    Series Statement: LEP Library of Exact Philosophy 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Logic. ; Information storage and retrieval systems.
    Abstract: I Theoretical Concepts in Science -- 1. The Problem of Theoretical Concepts -- 2. Theoretical and Observational Concepts -- II Elimination of Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Craig’s General Replacement Programme -- 2. The Significance of Craig’s Replacement Programme -- 3. Replacement of First-Order Theories -- III Model Theory and Ramsey-Eliminability -- 1. Extendibility of Theories and Models -- 2. Ramsey-Eliminability of Theoretical Concepts -- IV Definitions and Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Determinate and Partially Determinate Definitions -- 2. Indeterminate Definability -- 3. Openness vs. Definability of Theoretical Concepts in the Social Sciences -- V Meaning and Interpretation of Theoretical Concepts -- 1. The Partial Interpretation View on Interpretation -- 2. Meaning and Interpretation of Scientific Terms -- 3. Meaning Postulates and Correspondence Rules -- VI Methodological Desirability of Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Gains Due to Theoretical Concepts -- 2. Methodological Illustrations of the Use of Theoretical Concepts -- 3. Scientific Growth and Explicitly Defined Theoretical Concepts -- VII Deductive Explanation and Theoretical Concepts -- 1. Deductive Explanation and Information -- 2. Theoretical Concepts and Deductive Explanation of Scientific Laws -- VIII Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- 1. Problems of Inductive Inference -- 2. Theoretical Concepts within Inductive Systematization -- 3. Theoretical Concepts and Inductive Logic -- References -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: to that goal, and it is hoped that it will incorporate further works dealing in an exact way with interesting philosophical issues. Zurich, April 1973 Mario Bunge Preface In this book I have investigated the logical and methodological role of the much debated theoretical concepts in scientific theories. The philosophical viewpoint underlying my argumentation is critical scientific realism. My method of exposition has been to express ideas first in general terms and then to develop and elaborate them within a specific formal framework. It is assumed in the book that the reader has a relatively good knowledge of the basic techniques and results of modern symbolic logic, including model theory. Examples from actual science are mostly from the social sciences. I have deliberately omitted a treatment of a number of characteristic features which are particular to theoretical concepts in the more developed sciences, such as modern physics. This book owes very much to Professor Jaakko Hintikka, to whom I wish to express my deep gratitude. Especially at the begin­ ning of this project in 1968/69 when I was doing research for my doctoral degree at Stanford University I worked with him closely.
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401029056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 258 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy—History. ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Changing Concepts -- I. Deliberate Knowledge -- II. The Knowledge of the All -- III. Knowledge, Interpretation and Congruence -- IV. Knowledge as Method -- V. The Justification of Knowledge and the Knowledge of Ends -- VI. Continuations and Developments -- II / Background and Consequences -- VII. The Origins of Philosophy -- VIII. Philosophy and Life -- IX. Philosophy and Its History -- X. Science and Philosophy -- XI. Religion and Philosophy -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The present book is concerned with the nature of philosophy and with the scope of philosophical interest. It combines an analysis of the major types of philosophical thinking as they emerged in the history of philosophical ideas with an attempt to examine problems which recurrent­ ly emerge in philosophical discourse. It is from this point of view that the historical and the systematic approaches are meant to be mutually reinforcing. I am grateful to my friends who helped me to formulate the line of thinking expressed in this book: Z. Bar-On, A. Margalit, E. I. I. Poznanski, Z. Werblovsky and E. Zemach. Some years ago when I visited the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa Barbara, Dr. Robert M. Hutchins encouraged me to write the present book. I am dedicating the book to him not only because of that encouragement but more importantly because as an educational thinker Dr. Hutchins represents the position which assigns to the great ideas of the past validity and value in the analysis of topical problems of the present.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789401027649
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 70 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Institute of Philosophy Entretiens in Helsinki / Institut International de Philosophie Entretiens de Helsinki, 24-27 August 1970 / 24-27 août 1970 1
    Series Statement: Institut International de Philosophie 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Table Des Matières -- Knowledge and Reasons -- Comments on Professor Williams’ “Knowledge and Reasons” -- Memory Re-Chained -- Connaissance et Reconnaissance -- De L’Evidence -- Wittgenstein on Certainty -- Comments on Professor Von Wright’s “Wittgenstein on Certainty” -- Kant Et La Connaissance De Soi.
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  • 77
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401029940
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Logic.
    Abstract: 1. The Meaning and Task of Philosophy in German Idealism -- 2. Reason and Language -- 3. Reason and the Life-World -- 4. The Life-World and Its Particular Sub-Worlds -- 5. The Meaning and Task of Philosophy in Another Beginning -- 6. The World in Another Beginning: Poetic Dwelling and the Role of the Poet.
    Abstract: At a time when the traditional principles of many fields have lost their power and validity, the task of philosophy may well be to look back at these traditional principles and at their inherent determinations and basic problems, while heeding every indi­ cation of a transition to something new, in order to be critically open for all attempts at "another beginning. " A philosophizing which thus sees its proper place "between" tradition and another beginning has grasped its own basic dilemma: It remains in search of the true even though it has no valid concept of truth. A concept truth grounded solely in transcendental subjectivity convinces of it no longer, and the essence of truth as it "occurs" for experiential understanding has not yet been sufficiently determined. A phi­ losophizing which has understood itself in this way will not want to commit itself one-sidedly to one position or the other. Instead it will consider its task to lie in keeping thought in flux. The present collection of essays may be understood as an ex­ ample of such a conception of present-day philosophizing. Thus the first essay isolates the guiding thoughts of the traditional philosophy of reason and spirit as they fulfilled themselves in German idealism, in order to make the traditional concept of truth visible and to bring to light those basic determinations formed in certain contemporary philosophical tendencies which are either related to it or altogether new.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Meaning and Task of Philosophy in German Idealism2. Reason and Language -- 3. Reason and the Life-World -- 4. The Life-World and Its Particular Sub-Worlds -- 5. The Meaning and Task of Philosophy in Another Beginning -- 6. The World in Another Beginning: Poetic Dwelling and the Role of the Poet.
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  • 78
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401193672
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 206 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Problem of Justifying Induction and Proposal for Its Dissolution -- 2. Two Types of Recent Arguments for the Validity of Induction -- 3. Arguments from Paradigm Cases and Uses of Words -- 4. Practical Arguments -- 5. Induction as a Genuine Problem and Study of Peirce and Lewis -- II: Scope of Peirce’s Theory of Induction -- III: The Nature and Validity of Inference -- 1. A General Theory of Inference -- 2. Necessary Inference and Probable Inference -- 3. Validity of Probable Inference -- IV: Probable Inference and Justifying Induction -- 1. Induction and Apagogical Inversion of Statistical Deduction -- 2. Induction As a Valid Probable Inference -- V: Requirements for the Validity of Induction -- 1. General Remakrs -- 2. Peirce on Fair Sampling and Fair Samples -- 3. Principle of Fair Sampling: A New Formulation -- 4. Peirce on Predesignation -- 5. Relevancy of Predesignation for the Validity of Induction -- VI: Probability and the Validity of Induction -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Peirce’s Two Empirical Conceptions of Probability -- 3. Peirce’s Objections to the Laplacian Definition of Probability and Criticism -- VII: A Non-Probabilistic Justification of Induction -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Self-Correcting Nature of Inductive Method -- 3. Criteria for Defining Truth and Justifying Induction -- 4. Other Arguments for the Necessity of General Validity of Induction -- VIII: Concluding Remarks on Peirce’s Non-Probabilistic Justification on Induction -- IX: Problems in Lewis’s Theory of Induction -- X: Induction and Analysis of Knowledge of Reality -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Empirical Knowledge and “A priori” Concepts -- 3. A Fundamental Principle in Establishing Criteria of Reality -- XI: An “A Priori Analytical” Justification of Induction -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Problems of Justifying Induction in the Theories of Reality and Knowledge -- 3. Empirical Generalizations as Interpretations of Experience and Principle A -- 4. Analyticity of Principle A -- XII: Implications of Lewis’s “A Priori Analytical Justification of Induction -- 1. From Principle A to Justification of Argument from Past to Future -- 2. Lewis on the Practical Successfulness of Induction -- XIII: Concluding Remarks on Lewis’s “A Priori Analytical” Justification of Induction -- XIV: Nature of Probability and Rational Credibility -- 1. General Remarks -- 2. Empirical Interpretation of Probability -- 3. Logical Interpretation of Probability -- 4. Rational Credibility, Fair Sampling and Logical Probability -- XV: Criteria for Determining Rational Credibility -- 1. Questions Regarding Criteria for Determining Rational Credibility -- 2. Degrees of Rational Credibility and Criteria for Determining Them -- 3. Justifying Acceptance of Criteria for Determining Rational Credibility -- XVI: Conclusion -- 1. Similarity Between Peirce’s and Lewis’s Theories of Induction -- 2. Significances of Peirce’s and Lewis’s Arguments -- 3. Toward a Comprehensive Theory of Justifying Induction -- 4. Bearings upon Practicist and Linguist Arguments -- Appendix I. A Chronological Listing of Peirce’s Papers Directly Bearing upon Induction and Probability -- Appendix II. Proof of the Logical Law of Large Numbers (the Maximum Value Law of Hypergeometric Probability) -- Appendix III. Probabilities of Estimates of Values of Population Parameters -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: This book is based on my doctoral dissertation written at Harvard University in the year of 1963. My interest in Peirce was inspired by Professor D. C. Williams and that in Lewis by Professor Roderick Firth. To both of them lowe a great deal, not only in my study of Peirce and Lewis, but in my general approach toward the problems of knowledge and reality. Specifically, I wish to acknowledge Professor Williams for his patient and careful criticisms of the original manuscripts of this book. I also wish to thank Professor Firth and Professor Israel Scheffler for their many suggestive comments regarding my discussions of induc­ tion. However, any error in this study of Peirce and Lewis is completely due to myself. Chung-ying Cheng Honolulu, Hawaii March,1967 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE V SUMMARY IX CHAPTER I: Introduction I I. Problem of Justifying Induction and Proposal for Its Dissolution I 2. Two Types of Recent Arguments for the Validity of Induction 3 Arguments from Paradigm Cases and Uses of Words 4 3.
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401508803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Perini, G. [Rezension von: McInerny, R., Studies in Analogy] 1971
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic.
    Abstract: I: The “Ratio Communis” of the Analogous Name -- I. Texts which reject a ratio communis -- II. Texts which imply a ratio communis -- III. The analogy of names -- IV. Some analogous names -- VI. Being is not a Genus -- VII. Resolution and Conclusion -- II: Metaphor and Analogy -- I. Cajetan on metaphor -- II. Analogy vs. Metaphor -- III. Ratio Propria non invenitur nisi in uno -- IV. The signification of names -- V. Ratio communis and ratio propria -- VI. Proprie, Communiter, Metaphorice -- VII. Concluding summary -- III: Metaphor and fundamental ontology -- IV: “Analogy” is analogous -- V: Reply to a Critic -- I. Cajetan and Intrinsic and Extrinsic denomination -- II. Professor Beach as exegete -- III. Professor Beach’s confusion of the Logical and Real -- VI: Is the term soul analogous?.
    Abstract: The present volume brings together a number of things I have written on the subject of analogy since the appearance of The Logic of Analogy in 1961. In that book I tried to disengage St Thomas' teaching on analogous names from various subsequent accretions which, in my opinion, had obscured its import. The book was widely reviewed, various points in it were rightly criticized, but its main argument, namely, that analogical signification is a logical matter and must be treated as such, was, if often confronted, left finally, I think, standing. The studies brought together now reflect the same concentration on the teaching of Aquinas. I am not of the opinion that everything important on the question of analogy, and certainly not everything of importance on those problems which elicit the doctrine of analogy, was said by Thomas Aquinas. But it was my decision, for my personal work, first to achieve as much clarity as I could with respect to the teaching of Thomas, and then to go on to other writers, both ancient and modern. I am currently engaged in working out the relations among equivo­ cation, analogy and metaphor in Aristotle. When that study is com­ pleted, I shall turn eagerly to some quite recent contributions to the nature of religious language. In short, the present work, which is by and large a prolongation of my attempt at an exegesis of Thomistic texts, marks the end of one phase of my research into the problem of analogy.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The “Ratio Communis” of the Analogous NameI. Texts which reject a ratio communis -- II. Texts which imply a ratio communis -- III. The analogy of names -- IV. Some analogous names -- VI. Being is not a Genus -- VII. Resolution and Conclusion -- II: Metaphor and Analogy -- I. Cajetan on metaphor -- II. Analogy vs. Metaphor -- III. Ratio Propria non invenitur nisi in uno -- IV. The signification of names -- V. Ratio communis and ratio propria -- VI. Proprie, Communiter, Metaphorice -- VII. Concluding summary -- III: Metaphor and fundamental ontology -- IV: “Analogy” is analogous -- V: Reply to a Critic -- I. Cajetan and Intrinsic and Extrinsic denomination -- II. Professor Beach as exegete -- III. Professor Beach’s confusion of the Logical and Real -- VI: Is the term soul analogous?.
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401192828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (247p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic. ; History.
    Abstract: 1. The Necessity of Metaphysical Solutions -- 2. Language and Metaphysics -- 3. What Metaphysics Can Be -- 4. Properties of the Metaphysical Language -- 5. On What There Is -- 6. How We Know the Essence of What There Is -- 7. Modes of Knowledge and Intuition -- 8. The Verification of Metaphysical Statements -- 9. The Veridicality of Eidetic Intuition -- 10. Functions and Events -- 11. Negation, Conjunction, and Events -- 12. Implication and What There Is -- 13. Functions and Facts -- 14. Functions and Meaning -- 15. Functions and Categories and Universals -- 16. Events and Actual Occasions -- 17. Actual Occasions -- 18. Cosmology -- 19. Commitments and Language -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This book is not merely about metaphysics; it is an essay in metaphysics. Furthermore, it is written in the firm conviction that metaphysics is possible and meaningful metaphysical statements can and should be made. However, I felt it necessary to approach the perennial problems of metaphysics through the avenues of linguistic analysis. I have tried not only to infiltrate the position of the linguists but to show that a fifth column already existed there. Yet the objections to metaphysics needed to be met or at least some indication of how they could be met had to be shown. It is never enough to demonstrate that objections are un­ founded - some positive indications of a possible metaphysics had to be offered. This book, as a consequence, tries also to draw at least in broad outline, a metaphysical position that seems to me to be well-founded. In the present state of philoso­ phy in the United States especially, this is sufficient reason for publishing another book in philosophy. I want to express my appreciation to a number of people. To my colleagues at North Carolina I am grateful for stimulating criticisms that often helped me see my way through to solutions. To Professors B. Blanshard (Yale University), and Ledger Wood (Princeton University), I am grateful for reading the manuscript.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Necessity of Metaphysical Solutions2. Language and Metaphysics -- 3. What Metaphysics Can Be -- 4. Properties of the Metaphysical Language -- 5. On What There Is -- 6. How We Know the Essence of What There Is -- 7. Modes of Knowledge and Intuition -- 8. The Verification of Metaphysical Statements -- 9. The Veridicality of Eidetic Intuition -- 10. Functions and Events -- 11. Negation, Conjunction, and Events -- 12. Implication and What There Is -- 13. Functions and Facts -- 14. Functions and Meaning -- 15. Functions and Categories and Universals -- 16. Events and Actual Occasions -- 17. Actual Occasions -- 18. Cosmology -- 19. Commitments and Language -- Name Index.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789401035200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Logic.
    Abstract: Memorial Address -- Allocution -- Remarques sur la théorie intuitionniste des espaces linéaires -- Some Remarks about Synonymity and the Theorem of Beth -- Beth’s Tableau-Method -- Quelques remarques sur les “Tableaux de Beth” -- Une hypothèse sur l’extension des relations finies et sa vérification dans certaines classes particulières (deuxième partie) -- La philosophie géométrique de Henri Poincaré J. J. A.Mooij -- Logique et théorie physique -- L’argument probabiliste pour une logique non classique de la mécanique quantique -- Courant potentiel en magnétogazdynamique -- Nouvelle méthode de résolution de l’équation de Helmholtz pour une symétrie cylindrique -- Recherche en mécanique ondulatoire non linéaire -- Problème de Cauchy dans le modèle de Lee en métrique indéfinie -- Conclusions -- Bibliography of E. W. Beth.
    Description / Table of Contents: Memorial AddressAllocution -- Remarques sur la théorie intuitionniste des espaces linéaires -- Some Remarks about Synonymity and the Theorem of Beth -- Beth’s Tableau-Method -- Quelques remarques sur les “Tableaux de Beth” -- Une hypothèse sur l’extension des relations finies et sa vérification dans certaines classes particulières (deuxième partie) -- La philosophie géométrique de Henri Poincaré J. J. A.Mooij -- Logique et théorie physique -- L’argument probabiliste pour une logique non classique de la mécanique quantique -- Courant potentiel en magnétogazdynamique -- Nouvelle méthode de résolution de l’équation de Helmholtz pour une symétrie cylindrique -- Recherche en mécanique ondulatoire non linéaire -- Problème de Cauchy dans le modèle de Lee en métrique indéfinie -- Conclusions -- Bibliography of E. W. Beth.
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401731751
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 291 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Logic. ; Machine theory.
    Abstract: 0. Introduction -- 1. Ontology -- 2. Semantics -- 3. The So-Called Logical Relations -- 4. The Traditional Lack of Distinction Between UF and UO -- 5. Merkmal-Eigenschaft -- 6 Function -- 7. The Idea of levels (‘Stufen’) in the Philosophical Tradition -- 8. Wertverlauf -- 9. Existence -- 10. Number -- 11. The Main Results of the Present Investigation -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 83
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401721196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 62 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language Supplementary Series 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Logic. ; Computer science.
    Abstract: I. Everyday Language as Nomenclature in the Tractatus -- II. Language as Nomenclature from Aristotle to Leibniz’ Criticism -- III. Aristotelic and Rationalistic Survivals in Historical Linguistics -- IV. Language as Nomenclature and Wittgenstein’s Linguistic Solipsism -- V. Linguistic Solipsism in Croce and Saussure -- VI. Semantic Scepticism in Contemporary Linguistics -- VII. The Philosophical Investigations and the Rise of a New Semantics -- References -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Various students of general linguistics and semantics quote and discuss Wittgenstein, among others, OGDEN and RICHARDS (1960), ULLMANN (1951, 1962), PAGLIARO (1952, 1957), WELLS (1960), REGNELL (1960) and 1 ZIFF (1960). For the most part however they quote the Tractatus and not 2 the Philosophical Investigations ; not all of them consider the most important ideas in the Tractatus but often discuss marginal points; above all they often make the discussion of Wittgenstein's ideas secondary to the development of their own thought. It should be added, moreover, that these students are exceptions. The large majority of language theorists, especially those with a philological background, have almost no know­ ledge of Wittgenstein's ideas. One scholar thinks that Wittgenstein's linguistic philosophy rests upon a grotesque misunderstanding of the workings of language (HERDAN, 1962, Chapter 24). The present book seeks to draw the attention of students of general linguistics and semantics to the thought of both the early and the later Wittgenstein: not only the Philosophical Investigations but also the Tractatus is concerned with everyday language: Wittgenstein was thinking of the propositions of everyday language, when he affirmed that the proposition is a picture of reality (Chapter 1). This conception is very old, it is in fact found in Aristotle and it dominated ancient, mediaeval and modern rationalistic thought; only Locke, Vico and Leibniz criticized it strongly (Chapter 2).
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401035231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Logic. ; Philosophy. ; Oriental languages.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Sources -- 3. Background -- 4. Fundamental Ideas -- 5. Basic Modal Relations -- 6. Enumeration of Modal Propositions - I: Simple Modalities -- 7. Enumeration of Modal Propositions - II: Compound Modalities -- 8. Rules for Contradictories -- 9. Conversion (i.e., Simple Conversion) -- 10. C-Conversion (Conversion by Contradiction) -- 11. Modal Syllogisms -- 12. Avicenna as the Source of al-Qazw?n? al-K?tib?’s Logic of Modality -- 13. Temporal Modalities Among the Ancient Greeks and the Latin Medievals -- 14. Conclusion -- Appendix B/A Fragment of Galen’s Lost Treatise “On Possibility” -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The aim of this monograph is to expound the conceptions of temporalized modality at issue in various Arabic logical texts. I claim to have been able to make good logical sense of doctrines of which even the later Arab logicians themselves came to despair. In the process, a substantially new area of the history of logic has come into a clear view. I am indebted to Anne Cross (Mrs. Michael) Pelon and especially Mr. Bas van Fraassen for assistance in the research. Miss Dorothy Henle merits my thanks for preparing the difficult typescript for the printer and helping to see the book through the press. Also, I am grateful to the Editors of Foun­ dations of Language for inviting inclusion of the monograph in the Supple­ mentary Series of the journal. The present work is part of a series of studies of Arabic contributions to logic supported by research grants from the National Science Foundation. It affords me much pleasure to record my sincere thanks for this assistance.
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401509398
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Logic.
    Abstract: I: The Specification of Logic as a Science -- I. Preliminary View of What Logic Is -- II. Relation of Logic to Other Sciences -- III. The Subject of Logic -- II: The Nature of the Subject of Logic -- IV. Rationate Being -- V. Intentions -- VI. Relations -- III: The Intentions of the three Acts of Reason -- VII. The Intention of Universality -- VIII. The Intention of Attribution -- IX. The Intention of Consequence -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Ever since philosophy became conscious of itself, there has been a problem of the relations between the real world which philosophy sought to understand and explain, and the thought by which it sought to explain it. It was found that thought had certain requirements and conditions of its own. If the real world was to be understood through thought, there was a question whether thought and the real correspond­ ed in all respects, and therefore whether they had the same conditions and laws, or whether some of these were peculiar to thought alone. For the solution of this problem it was necessary to study thought and the process of knowing and the conditions which the manner of know­ ing placed upon our interpretation of the real. With a consciousness of the peculiarities of thought and of its laws, philosophers could then more surely make use of it to arrive at the knowledge of the real world which they were seeking, without danger of reading into the real what is peculiar to thought. This necessity gave rise to the science of logic, a science which is still necessary, and for the same reasons. It has an importance in philosophy which it is disastrous to overlook.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: The Specification of Logic as a ScienceI. Preliminary View of What Logic Is -- II. Relation of Logic to Other Sciences -- III. The Subject of Logic -- II: The Nature of the Subject of Logic -- IV. Rationate Being -- V. Intentions -- VI. Relations -- III: The Intentions of the three Acts of Reason -- VII. The Intention of Universality -- VIII. The Intention of Attribution -- IX. The Intention of Consequence -- Conclusion.
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