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  • 2025-2025
  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • Varoudakis, Aristomène  (8)
  • Schreyer, Paul  (4)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic Policy Reform and Growth Prospects in Emerging African Economies (1999)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.145
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: We assess the prospects for growth of African economies up to the year 2010 by modelling structural and policy determinants of growth, under different scenarios for changes in the exogenous factors and economic policies which shape the projections. To this end we estimate a growth model for 39 African economies, during seven five-year periods from 1960 through 1995. The model emphasises two engines of growth: i) investment and ii) growth of exports. Using a composite indicator of “emerging economies” iiset up on the basis of the economic performance, quality of policies and political stability of African countries ppwe identify 14 African economies that stand better chances to achieve a lasting improvement in their policies and growth performance in the years ahead. These “emerging economies” can be mostly found in the Southern-Eastern and the Western parts of Africa. Our growth simulations involve two policy scenarios: a baseline scenario which extends policy trends observed ...
    DOI: 10.1787/886414788068
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  • 2
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    Exchange-Rate Management and Manufactured Exports in Sub-Saharan Africa (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.134
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the evolution of exchange-rate regimes in Africa and then attempts to assess empirically the impact of exchange-rate policy on manufactured export performance on a panel of major Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the 1970-92 period. We examine the impact of three exchange-rate policy indicators: real effective exchangerate changes, real exchange-rate volatility, and (model-based measures of) real exchange-rate misalignment. Export supply functions are estimated for three manufacturing industries (textile, chemicals, and metals) and two exchange-rate regimes: a fixed rates regime including six CFA Franc countries, and a more flexible regime represented by five non-CFA countries. Our findings show that exchange-rate management matters for export performance. This is evidenced both by the significant impact of changes in the real effective exchange rate and by the negative influence exerted independently by real exchange-rate misalignment. On the ...
    DOI: 10.1787/211147404816
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  • 3
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    Information and Communication Technology and the Measurement of Real Output, Final Demand and Productivity (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1998/02
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Over the past decades, the majority of information and communication technology (ICT) products have undergone rapid technical change. To the extent that such technical progress benefits consumers and users, quality improvements should be reflected in official price and quantity indices. When this is not the case, there is a tendency to overestimate price movements and underestimate volume changes of ICT products. All statistical offices deal with this issue, but the degree and nature of quality adjustment of price indices of ICT products varies considerably across OECD countries. The present work does not venture to determine “best practice” for quality adjustment in statistical offices. However, it simulates measurement effects on key economic variables (real output, private final consumption, government expenditure, investment, exports and imports), and productivity, under the assumption that the price indices of ICT products are fully quality-adjusted. The paper draws on ...
    DOI: 10.1787/612002336516
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  • 4
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    Relative Trade-Weighted Unit Labour Costs by Industry (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1998/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document presents three alternative methods for the construction of indicators of relative tradeweighted unit labour costs by industry as well as the empirical results based on these methods for 18 OECD Member countries. With some exceptions, the results show that the indicators derived from the alternative methods are highly correlated. It also turns out that there are significant variations in time profiles of relative unit labour costs by industry, an observation that underlines the usefulness of industryspecific information for an in-depth analysis of price competitiveness ...
    DOI: 10.1787/735410348132
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  • 5
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    Long-Run Growth Trends and Convergence Across Indian States (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.131
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: This paper examines the growth performance of Indian States during 1970-94. We, first, propose a grouping of States according to differences in the availability of physical, social, and economic infrastructure, using principal components analysis. Then, combining principal components analysis and panel data estimation techniques, we assess the contribution of various infrastructure indicators to growth performance. The analysis tackles endogeneity issues in the provision of infrastructure by way of instrumental variables estimation for many of the infrastructure indicators. We do find evidence of conditional convergence across States. This does not rule out persistent income inequalities due to the dispersion of steady-state income levels. Such disparities are accounted for by differences, first, in the structure of production, second, in infrastructure endowments, and, third, in Statespecific fixed effects in the growth regression. Consequently, economic policy measures aiming at ...
    DOI: 10.1787/138016038733
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  • 6
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    State Infrastructure and Productive Performance in Indian Manufacturing (1998)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.139
    Keywords: Development ; India
    Abstract: We present estimates, at the State level, of Indian manufacturing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Technical Efficiency (TE) from the estimation of production functions for 17 manufacturing industries from 1976 to 1992. Our analysis relates TFP and TE to the availability of infrastructure. We construct an aggregate infrastructure indicator from 12 indicators of core, social, and economic infrastructure. According to our findings, differences across States in manufacturing TFP and TE performance are accounted for, to a significant extent, by differences in infrastructure endowments. Our estimations make it possible, moreover, to measure the productive impact of the various types of infrastructure, as well as to identify the manufacturing industries where productivity gains are relatively more constrained by inadequate infrastructure. The findings could help in designing an effective policy of infrastructure investment, supporting both recent economic reforms towards industrial restructuring and efforts aiming to promote regional convergence in India ...
    DOI: 10.1787/765460688775
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  • 7
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    Capital humain, ouverture extérieure et croissance : Estimation sur données de panel d'un modèle à coefficients variables (1997)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.121
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The innovation of this paper is the proof of a relationship between human capital and growth, using a sample of 83 countries and six time periods between 1960 and 1990. Nonetheless, calculations from both interactive and variable-coefficient models based on these same panel data suggest that the contribution of education to growth depends on the level of commercial opening. This result could be explained by the variation in factor returns linked, on one hand, to trade-induced changes in labour demand and, on the other, to changes in relative factor supply which are amplified in closed economies. Distortions of human-capital allocation are therefore likely to influence the rate of growth ...
    DOI: 10.1787/853867736526
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  • 8
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    Policies for Economic Take-Off (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Quelles politiques pour un décollage économique ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: . Political commitment is the key ingredient needed for economic take-off and long-term growth. Poor countries will be unable to escape the vicious circle of poverty unless they and the international community join forces. . Inappropriate financial policies can lead to a decline in and poor allocation of savings, subsequently holding back growth. . Trade liberalisation not only strengthens growth, but also enhances the effectiveness of other economic policies. . Basic education is a prerequisite for economic take-off, just as the subsequent training of skilled labour is one of the keys to long-term growth. . Policies aimed at fostering long-term growth must be complementary; mistakes in one area can totally undermine efforts made elsewhere.
    DOI: 10.1787/126435112001
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  • 9
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    SMEs and Employment Creation : Overview of Selected Quantitative Studies in OECD Member Countries (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1996/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: High and rising unemployment rates in the early 1990s have moved the employment question centrestage in the policy debate. Among the structural aspects, the relation between firm size and employment creation has attracted policy makers’ attention, triggered by empirical work on the United States which showed that the small business sector had been a major source of net job creation. This work and the rising interest by policymakers led to further studies of the subject, the identification of important methodological and data questions and a broader body of empirical research about the relation between firm size and job creation. This document aims at identifying common results and trends from national studies, as well as identifying “best practices” of analysis and data gathering, and thereby promoting international harmonisation of such analytical work. Principal results from a survey of national studies include: (a) both the rates of gross job creations and gross job losses are ...
    DOI: 10.1787/374052760815
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  • 10
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    Croissance et compétitivité de l'industrie manufacturière au Sénégal (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.118
    Keywords: Development ; Senegal
    Abstract: This paper analyses the role of total factor productivity as a determinant of competitivity in Senegalese manufacturing industries. It is based upon a panel of ten industrial manufacturing groups and covers the period 1974-94. Following an estimation of the production function of manufacturing industry, the paper identifies the roles of public investment, protectionist measures, and the level of qualification of the workforce used by the different sectors in the evolution of industrial total factor productivity. Particular attention is given to external economies as a source of improved productivity and the role of public investment as a factor in favour of such gains. The results show major differences between Senegalese manufacturing industries as far as the growth of total factor productivity is concerned. Insufficient public investment in infrastructure and the high level of protectionism appear to plan an important role in the unfavourable evolution of productivity and ...
    DOI: 10.1787/775567861620
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  • 11
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    Short-Term Indicators : Using Qualitative Indicators to Update Production Indices (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.1996/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Short-term economic indicators play an important role in the assessment of current cyclical situations and in the establishment of forecasts. Broadly, two types of short-term indicators can be distinguished: qualitative indicators, reflecting businessmen’s subjective assessment of the cyclical situation (e.g., production prospects or judgements on orderbooks), and quantitative indicators, reflecting past developments of production or employment. The usefulness of qualitative indicators rests on their reliability to approximate the possible evolution of the quantitative ones. The present document shows the results of a pilot study for six industrial sectors in seven Member countries whereby short-term qualitative indicators are used to “nowcast” a quantitative indicator, the production index. The objective is to enhance the timeliness of short-term industrial statistics through estimation of data points for the most recent periods for which they are not yet available. From the current ...
    DOI: 10.1787/728450723264
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  • 12
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    Quelles politiques pour un décollage économique ? (1996)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Policies for Economic Take-Off
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: • La volonté politique est la clé du décollage et de la croissance à long terme : sans la combinaison des efforts des pays pauvres et de la communauté internationale, ces pays ne sortiront pas du cercle vicieux de la pauvreté. • Des politiques financières erronées peuvent conduire à la chute de l’épargne et à sa mauvaise allocation et, par suite, bloquer la croissance. • L’ouverture commerciale renforce non seulement la croissance mais aussi l’efficacité des autres politiques économiques. • L’éducation de base est une condition préalable du décollage, de même que, par la suite, la formation d’une main-d’œuvre qualifiée est l’une des clés de la croissance à long terme. • Les différentes politiques de promotion de la croissance à long terme sont complémentaires : des erreurs dans un domaine peuvent réduire à néant les efforts consentis par ailleurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/118538117732
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